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[ "BLIMA" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Also a short form of Elizabeth, meaning pledged to God, and might also be considered a Also of the compound name Beth-Ann. BETHEL: Hebrew name, meaning house of God.. Taken from the name of the place where Abraham built an altar to God. Also Betheli, Bethell, Bethuel, Bethuna, and Bethune. Also Hanna, Hanne, Hannela, and Hannele. HAYA: Hebrew name meaning life.. HELSA: Hebrew name meaning devoted to God.. HEPSIBA: Hebrew name meaning she is my delight.. Also Hephzibah, and Hepzibeth. HOLDA: Hebrew name meaning weasel.. Also Hulda.", "PADMA (पद्म): Hindi unisex name meaning lotus flower.. ROTEM (רוֹתֶם): Hebrew unisex name derived from the word rethem, found in the bible, meaning juniper or broom plant, a shrub growing in the deserts of Arabia with yellowish flowers, and a bitter root which the poor were accustomed to eat. ADONIS (άδωνις): Greek name derived from Hebrew Adonai, meaning my lord.. In mythology, this is the name of a beautiful youth who was loved by Aphrodite. He was killed while hunting a boar and the anemone flower sprang from his blood.", "English Meaning: The name Blossom is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Blossom is: Fresh. American Meaning: The name Blossom is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Blossom is: Fresh. SoulUrge Number: 3. Expression Number: 5. People with this name have a deep inner desire to create and express themselves, often in public speaking, acting, writing or singing", "In the bible, this is the name of two places, and the name of a son of Meonothai. OPRAH: Feminine variant spelling of Hebrew unisex Ophrah, meaning fawn.. ORA (אוֹרה): Hebrew name meaning light.. Compare with another form of Ora. CHAVIVA (חביבה): Hebrew unisex name meaning beloved.. CHAVVA: Variant spelling of Hebrew Chavvah, meaning life.. CHAVVAH (חוה): Hebrew name meaning life.. In the bible, this is the name of the first woman, the wife of Adam.", "Meaning of Blossom. English name. In English, the name Blossom means-flowerlike.The name Blossom originated as an English name. The name Blossom is most often used as a girl name or female name. English Name Meaning-flowerlike. Origin-England.", "MORIYA (מוֹריה): Variant spelling of Hebrew Mowriyah, meaning chosen by God.. MOWRIYAH (מוֹריה): Hebrew name meaning chosen by God.. In the bible, this is the name of the mountain where Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac to God. CHAVIVA (חביבה): Hebrew unisex name meaning beloved.. CHAVVA: Variant spelling of Hebrew Chavvah, meaning life.. CHAVVAH (חוה): Hebrew name meaning life.. In the bible, this is the name of the first woman, the wife of Adam.", "BOSMAT: Variant spelling of Hebrew Bosmath, meaning spice or sweet smelling.. BOSMATH (בשמת): Hebrew name meaning spice or sweet smelling.. In the bible, this is the name of a wife of Esau, and a daughter of Solomon. CHAVIVA (חביבה): Hebrew unisex name meaning beloved.. CHAVVA: Variant spelling of Hebrew Chavvah, meaning life.. CHAVVAH (חוה): Hebrew name meaning life.. In the bible, this is the name of the first woman, the wife of Adam.", "BEULAH: Hebrew name meaning she who is married.. Also Beula. BINA: Hebrew name meaning knowledge; perception.. Also a short form of names that end with-bina. Also Binah, and Buna. BITHRON: Hebrew name meaning daughter of song.. BLIMA: Hebrew name meaning blossom.. Also Blimah, and Blime. Also Hanna, Hanne, Hannela, and Hannele. HAYA: Hebrew name meaning life.. HELSA: Hebrew name meaning devoted to God.. HEPSIBA: Hebrew name meaning she is my delight.. Also Hephzibah, and Hepzibeth. HOLDA: Hebrew name meaning weasel.. Also Hulda.", "Browse Names. Home » Names. This is a list of names in which the meaning contains the keywords flower or rose or blossom or orchid or chrysanthemum or lily or bloom or tulip or daisy. Refine Search. CALANTHE f English (Rare). From the name of a type of orchid, ultimately meaning beautiful flower, derived from Greek καλος (kalos) beautiful and ανθος (anthos) flower. CALFURAY f Native American, Mapuche. Means violet (flower) in Mapuche." ], "url": [ "http://www.the-red-thread.net/genealogy/Hebrew-Names.html", "http://www.20000-names.com/flower_names.htm", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/blossom", "http://finejudaica.com/pages/hebrew_names.htm", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/blossom.asp", "http://finejudaica.com/pages/hebrew_names.htm", "http://finejudaica.com/pages/hebrew_names.htm", "http://www.the-red-thread.net/genealogy/Hebrew-Names.html", "http://www.behindthename.com/names/meaning/flower,rose,blossom,orchid,chrysanthemum,lily,bloom,tulip,daisy" ] }

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[ "Delete a row from a table in Word 2007. If you want to remove both the row and its content, you can use the keyboard shortcut described above: select the row, and hit. .But we will also show you another way to remove a row from a table, easier to remember: Right-click in a cell inside the row you would like to delete.From the context menu that opens, choose Delete Cells, and the Delete Cells dialog box will open. By default, Shift cells left is selected, so you first need to choose the Delete entire row option-then hit. (or click OK)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Add or delete a table column or row. To add or delete columns and rows, right-click a row or column, and then click the command you want. You can also quickly add a row by clicking in the lower-right cell of the table and pressing the Tab key. Here are more detailed instructions. Add a column to the left or right. Right-click in a cell to the left or to the right of where you want to add a column. On the shortcut menu, point to Insert, and then click Insert Columns to the Left or Insert Columns to the Right.", "Note: You can create a new row between the row2 and row3. Delete a Row. Do the following simple to delete rows from a table of a Word document. Step 1. Click a row you want to delete. Here I have clicked in row3. Step 2. Go to the Layout tab and Delete buttons and choose the delete row option. Note: See row3 has been deleted. ", "Delete a column. Select the column that you want to delete by clicking its top gridline or top border. Under Table Tools, click the Layout tab. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Columns. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Cells. Click one of the following options: Click. To do this. Shift cells left. Delete a cell and shift all other cells in that row to the left. Note Word does not insert a new column.", "Under Table Tools, click the Layout tab. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Cells. Click one of the following options: Click. To do this. Shift cells left. Delete a cell and shift all other cells in that row to the left. Note Word does not insert a new column.", "Delete a column. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Show/Hide. Select the column that you want to delete by clicking the column's top gridline or border. Right-click, and then click Delete Columns on the shortcut menu. Add a column to the left or right. Right-click in a cell to the left or to the right of where you want to add a column. On the shortcut menu, point to Insert, and then click Insert Columns to the Left or Insert Columns to the Right.", "Delete a row. Select the row that you want to delete by clicking its left edge. Under Table Tools, click the Layout tab. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Rows. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Cells. Click one of the following options: Click. To do this. Shift cells left. Delete a cell and shift all other cells in that row to the left. Note Word does not insert a new column.", "Delete a row. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Show/Hide. Select the row that you want to delete by clicking to the left of the row. Right-click, and then click Delete Rows on the shortcut menu. Add a column to the left or right. Right-click in a cell to the left or to the right of where you want to add a column. On the shortcut menu, point to Insert, and then click Insert Columns to the Left or Insert Columns to the Right.", "Step 2: Click inside the table column that you want to delete. In the image below, I want to delete column 5. Step 3: Click the Layout tab under Table Tools at the top of the window. Step 4: Click the Delete button in the ribbon, then click the Delete Columns option. You can repeat this process for any other columns that you want to remove from your Word table. ", "Delete a row from a table in Microsoft Word 2007. Just as you can insert new rows and columns in pre-existing tables in Word 2007, you can delete rows and columns, whether they contain any data or not. This tutorial explains how to delete a row from a table in your Microsoft Word documents. You can either delete the content of a row, but keep the structural row inside the table, or delete the row and its content: this tutorial will show you how to both delete the content of rows, and how to delete rows themselves. Delete a row from a table in Word 2007. If you want to remove both the row and its content, you can use the keyboard shortcut described above: select the row, and hit. . But we will also show you another way to remove a row from a table, easier to remember: Right-click in a cell inside the row you would like to delete. From the context menu that opens, choose Delete Cells, and the Delete Cells dialog box will open. By default, Shift cells left is selected, so you first need to choose the Delete entire row option-then hit. (or click OK)" ], "url": [ "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Add-or-delete-a-table-column-or-row-454252B6-38A6-4E6B-891D-A46686DBE2BD", "http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/8ea152/add-and-delete-row-in-existing-table-in-word-2013/", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Delete-a-cell-row-or-column-from-a-table-D9A12ABA-3BAD-48B8-9B06-74F7F7D3A8AF", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Delete-a-cell-row-or-column-from-a-table-D9A12ABA-3BAD-48B8-9B06-74F7F7D3A8AF", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Add-or-delete-a-table-column-or-row-454252B6-38A6-4E6B-891D-A46686DBE2BD", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Delete-a-cell-row-or-column-from-a-table-D9A12ABA-3BAD-48B8-9B06-74F7F7D3A8AF", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Add-or-delete-a-table-column-or-row-454252B6-38A6-4E6B-891D-A46686DBE2BD", "http://www.solveyourtech.com/delete-table-column-word-2010/", "http://freewindowsvistatutorials.com/programsAndApplications/microsoftWord2007/deleteRowsFromTables.php" ] }

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[ "It is probably originary from the Mediterranean. While «cilantro» is the most common name in all the Spanish speaking world, the name «culantro» is also used in Peru perú And." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Coriandrum sativum (en: coriander, cilantro, Chinese parsley or dhania; es: cilantro) is probably originary from the Mediterranean. While «cilantro» is the most common name in all the Spanish speaking world, the name «culantro» is also used in Peru perú And. honduras Eryngium foetidum (en: culantro, Mexican coriander and long coriander; es: coriandro, cimarron, cimarrón culantro or), recao is originary from the Tropical (americas probably From), mexico and has different common names: including", "Cilantro (sih-LAHN-troh) is the Spanish word for coriander leaves. It is also sometimes called Chinese or Mexican parsley. Technically, coriander refers to the entire plant. It is a member of the carrot family. Most people either LOVE IT or HATE IT. Avoid wilted bunches with yellowing leaves. Fresh cilantro does not keep well, and the flavor of dried is not comparable. To store fresh coriander, pick out any wilted leaves, and put it in a jar with water like a bunch of flowers. Cover the leaves with a plastic bag and put the whole thing in the refrigerator", "j. There's one plant, with two parts used -- the seeds and the leaves. Several names for the leaves: coriander leaves, cilantro, or chinese parsley. In the Western US, at least, you usually see the leaves called cilantro, which (I think) is the Spanish/Mexican name. The entire plant is called coriander (Coriandrum sativum, actually). j. yes, the term cilantro refers to the leaves, and the term coriander often refers to the seed. Some people say coriander seed to avoid confusion. As I said in my other post, I have heard the term Chinese Parsley used most frequently in the UK", "culantro = (Eryngium foetidum), a different plant with different-shaped leaves. All three (parsley, cilantro/coriander, and culantro) are related to one another, and culantro's flavor is often described as a much stronger version of cilantro. In some dishes they can be interchangeable, but often they are not. Eryngium foetidum (en: culantro, Mexican coriander and long coriander; es: coriandro, cimarron, cimarrón culantro or), recao is originary from the Tropical (americas probably From), mexico and has different common names: including", "Coriander is the dried seed of the cilantro. The seeds are round like tiny balls. They are used whole or ground as a flavoring for food and as a seasoning. The seeds are used in curries, curry powder, pickles, sausages, soups, stews, and ratatouille. Avoid wilted bunches with yellowing leaves. Fresh cilantro does not keep well, and the flavor of dried is not comparable. To store fresh coriander, pick out any wilted leaves, and put it in a jar with water like a bunch of flowers. Cover the leaves with a plastic bag and put the whole thing in the refrigerator", "1. Also called cilantro. an herb, Coriandrum sativum, of the parsley family, having strong-scented leaves used in cooking. 2. the aromatic seeds of this herb, used whole or ground as a flavoring. [1350–1400; Middle English coriandre coriandrum koriandron, koríandron variant of ]. koriannon koríannon Chinese parsley, cilantro, coriander-parsley-like herb used as seasoning or garnish. coriander seed, coriander-dried coriander seeds used whole or ground. herb, herbaceous plant-a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests.", "Cilantro *(m) is Spanish for ‘coriander’. Cilantro is often used interchangeably with coriander in English, particularly in the USA. In French, coriander is coriandre, and in Italian it is coriandolo. ", "Full Definition of CILANTRO. : leaves of coriander used as a flavoring or garnish; also: coriander 1. See cilantro defined for English-language learners. ADVERTISEMENT. " ], "url": [ "http://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/2275/is-there-a-difference-between-cilantro-and-culantro-in-spanish", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/cilantro.htm", "http://www.chowhound.com/post/cilantro-coriander-291905#!", "http://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/2275/is-there-a-difference-between-cilantro-and-culantro-in-spanish", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/cilantro.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cilantro", "http://www.howdoyousaythatword.com/word/cilantro/", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilantro" ] }

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[ "$115" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As a good dog owner, you should do your best to be ready for life's little surprises. Emergencies, chronic illnesses, disasters and other unplanned expenses can amount to hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year. The cost of an emergency vet hospital visit can start around $500 and go up to $2000 or more.", "The cost of dental care for dogs can reach $200 per visit, vision care procedures such as canine cataract treatments cost $1,244, and some life-saving surgeries cost $15,000. Treating skin problems such as feline fibrosarcoma has an average cost of $780.", "Routine veterinary care is a huge part of keeping your dog healthy. Plan on going to the vet for wellness checkups once or twice a year at a cost of at least $150-300 yearly. Annual blood work can add about $100-200. Dental cleanings are often recommended once a year and usually cost at least $300. Of course, vet costs will be higher if your dog develops a health problem.", "Vet bills for a young puppy will likely range from $100-300 depending on the puppy's health and the region in which you live. Puppies need to visit the vet every few week until about 16 weeks of age, and each visit can run you $100-300 depending on your pup's needs. Your next major expense will be dog supplies.", "Learn your limits before you get a dog to help you make the right decisions. Financially providing for your dogs is a big part of being a responsible dog owner. The cost of owning a dog can be estimated at $700-3000 per year (see the chart at the bottom of this page).", "Vet fees vary from practice to practice, but, to give you an idea of what to expect, here’s a list of average costs for some of the most common treatments for cats and dogs. It’s worth bearing in mind that if your pet is seen out of hours, then costs could be considerably higher.", "Dog owners spent an average of $785 on vet bills last year, while cat owners spent $516, according to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association. (By contrast, on toys and treats, dog owners spent $115; cat owners $72.", "Many people balk at paying $500 to $1000 for a dog. They rationalize that they simply can not afford it and settle for a poorly bred $150 puppy instead. What a huge mistake. The cost of a guaranteed healthy, well-bred $1000 puppy is a fraction of what it will cost to own that dog for 12 years." ], "url": [ "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://www.carecredit.com/vetmed/avgcost/", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://www.tescobank.com/insurance/petins/elh/vet-fees.html", "http://www.oes.org/page2/6795~Average_Vet_Costs_-_National.html", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+2106&aid=1543" ] }

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[ "A knowledge base (KB) is a technology used to store complex structured and unstructured information used by a computer system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Medical Definition of TECHNOLOGY. 1. : the science of the application of knowledge to practical purposes: applied science. 2. : a scientific method of achieving a practical purpose. ", "OECD science, technology and industry policies should be formulated to maximise performance. and well-being in “knowledge-based economies” – economies which are directly based on the. production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. ", "A knowledge base (KB) is a technology used to store complex structured and unstructured information used by a computer system. The initial use of the term was in connection with expert systems which were the first knowledge-based systems. The original use of the term knowledge-base was to describe one of the two sub-systems of a knowledge-based system. At this point in the history of Information Technology the distinction between a database and a knowledge-base was clear and unambiguous. A database had the following properties: 1 Flat data. 2 Data was usually represented in a tabular format with strings or number in each field.", "An integral component of knowledge management systems, a knowledge base is used to optimize information collection, organization, and retrieval for an organization, or for the general public. A well-organized knowledge base can save an enterprise money by decreasing the amount of employee time spent trying to find information about-among myriad possibilities-tax laws or company policies and procedures.", "BREAKING DOWN 'Knowledge Economy'. Lesser-developed countries tend to have agriculture or agriculture and manufacturing-based economies, while developing countries tend to have manufacturing or manufacturing and service-based economies, and developed countries tend to have service-based economies. A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital. The knowledge economy commonly makes up a large share of all economic activity in developed countries.", "In general, a knowledge base is a centralized repository for information: a public library, a database of related information about a particular subject, and whatis.com could all be considered to be examples of knowledge bases. A well-organized knowledge base can save an enterprise money by decreasing the amount of employee time spent trying to find information about-among myriad possibilities-tax laws or company policies and procedures.", "edit Definition of science and technology. Science from the Latin scientia (knowledge) is a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as the organized body of knowledge gained through such research. The words science and technology can and often are used interchangeably. But the goal of science is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake while the goal of technology is to create products that solve problems and improve human life. Simply put, technology is the practical application of science.", "In relation to tnformation technology (IT), a knowledge base is a machine-readable resource for the dissemination of information, generally online or with the capacity to be put online. A well-organized knowledge base can save an enterprise money by decreasing the amount of employee time spent trying to find information about-among myriad possibilities-tax laws or company policies and procedures.", "A knowledge-based system consists of a knowledge-base that represents facts about the world and an inference engine that can reason about those facts and use rules and other forms of logic to deduce new facts or highlight inconsistencies. At this point in the history of Information Technology the distinction between a database and a knowledge-base was clear and unambiguous. A database had the following properties: 1 Flat data. 2 Data was usually represented in a tabular format with strings or number in each field.", "DEFINITION of 'Knowledge Economy'. A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital. The knowledge economy commonly makes up a large share of all economic activity in developed countries." ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/technology", "http://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/1913021.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_base", "http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/knowledge-base", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/knowledge-economy.asp", "http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/knowledge-base", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Science_vs_Technology", "http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/knowledge-base", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_base", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/knowledge-economy.asp" ] }

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[ "Asia" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "no asia is the biggest continent and australia is the smallest continent on a map antarctica is situated near south pole projection on a map is not corrected on poles so it look so large on the map antarctica is the 5th largest continent in area after asia africa north america south america ", "currently asia is earth s largest continent at approximately 17300000 square miles 44806812 sq km africa comes in second at about 11700000 square miles 30300000 sq km 1 asia 4001623990 over 4 billion 2 ", "asia is the largest continent on earth covering about 9 percent of the earth s surface it is also the most populated continent on earth home to an estimated population of around 4 3 billion people this large population makes it an important part of the world economy ", "tweet the biggest continent in the world is asia at 44 3 million square kilometers although connected by land europe is considered to be a separate continent at 10 3 million square kilometers the 7 continents ranking in order from biggest to smallest are as follows in million square kilometers asia 44 3 australia s biggest country is well australia check out what is the smallest country in the world as a separate article oceania is not considered a continent but over 15 million people live in various islands in the pacific ocean", "asia is located in the eastern and northern hemispheres in the northernmost part of asia there are very cold winters while in the southermost parts are hot tropical areas by the equator africa is the second largest continent in the world and has 53 countries africa has the world s longest river the nile and world s largest desert the sahara the population of asia ranks third behind asia and europe in africa there are more than 800 ethnic groups north america is the third biggest continent by land area and includes canada greenland the united states mexico central america and the island of the caribbean sea", "north america is the 3rd largest continent of the seven continents with respect to area while being the most populous continent after asia africa and europe it shares its border with atlantic ocean to the east and pacific ocean to the west the continent has a total of 23 countries ", "the first is by area and another is by population by area asia is the largest continent at 44391162 square km it is also the largest by population with more than 4 billion people there is quite a bit of debate as to how many continents there are if you consider that there are seven continents then asia is the largest in area and population if you combine europe and asia into the continent of eurasia it is still the largest by area and population we have written many articles about continent for universe today", "currently asia is earth s largest continent at approximately 17300000 square miles 44806812 sq km africa comes in second at about 11700000 square miles 30300000 s q km largest continents in population 1 ", "the world map shows asia is the largest continent in the world out of 7 continents situated in the eastern and northern hemispheres asia has an overall area of 44579000 sq km ", "the answer to what is the largest continent is pretty cut and dry if you consider that there are seven continents then asia is the largest in area and population if you combine europe and asia into the continent of eurasia it is still the largest by area and population we have written many articles about continent for universe today" ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100508135925AAhZ49w", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_is_the_largest_continent", "http://www.7continents5oceans.com/what-are-the-7-continents-from-biggest-to-smallest", "http://www.wereyouwondering.com/what-is-the-biggest-continent-in-the-world/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070424125815AAlFFXe", "http://www.7continentslist.com/north-america/", "http://www.universetoday.com/73865/what-is-the-largest-continent/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_largest_continent", "http://www.mapsofworld.com/continents/world-map-largest-continent.html", "http://www.universetoday.com/73865/what-is-the-largest-continent/" ] }

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[ "A plant." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The stinging nettle is a plant found practically all over the world. The plant is considered an herbaceous perennial, meaning that it has herbal properties and grows back in the same areas year after year. The leaves and stems of the plant are covered with brittle, hollow, hair-like structures.", "Stinging nettle root is also used for joint ailments, as a diuretic, and as an astringent. Stinging nettle above ground parts are used along with large amounts of fluids in so-called “irrigation therapy” for urinary tract infections (UTI), urinary tract inflammation, and kidney stones (nephrolithiasis).", "Stinging nettle is a plant in the genus Urtica that originated as a native shrub in colder regions of Europe and Asia and is now found worldwide. It gets its name from the fine hairs on its leaves and stems that release irritating chemicals when they contact your skin.", "People take stinging nettle to try to treat health problems, including: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Stinging nettle root is a common treatment in Europe for symptoms of BPH. This is a noncancerous condition that causes the prostate gland to enlarge, making urination difficult.", "The appropriate dose of stinging nettle depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and several other conditions. At this time, there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for stinging nettle.", "Stinging nettle has been used for hundreds of years to treat painful muscles and joints, eczema, arthritis, gout, and anemia. Today, many people use it to treat urinary problems during the early stages of an enlarged prostate (called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH).", "More research is needed to show that the treatment is indeed effective. Allergies. Stinging nettle leaf may be useful in reducing the symptoms of hay fever by acting as an anti-inflammatory. Some research has linked treatment with stinging nettle leaf to relief of symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. But more well-designed studies are needed to confirm this effect. Joint pain. Research has found some evidence that rubbing stinging nettle leaves on painful joints can provide pain relief.", "Stinging nettle is a plant. People use the root and above ground parts as medicine. Stinging nettle is used for many conditions, but so far, there isn’t enough scientific evidence to determine whether or not it is effective for any of them.", "Stinging nettle root is used for urination problems related to an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]). These problems include nighttime urination, too frequent urination, painful urination, inability to urinate, and irritable bladder." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Sting-from-a-Stinging-Nettle", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-664-STINGING%20NETTLE.aspx?activeIngredientId=664&activeIngredientName=STINGING%20NETTLE", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefits-side-effects-nettle-leaf-tea-5401.html", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/stinging-nettle-uses-and-risks", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-664-STINGING%20NETTLE.aspx?activeIngredientId=664&activeIngredientName=STINGING%20NETTLE", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/stinging-nettle", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/stinging-nettle-uses-and-risks", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-664-STINGING%20NETTLE.aspx?activeIngredientId=664&activeIngredientName=STINGING%20NETTLE", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-664-STINGING%20NETTLE.aspx?activeIngredientId=664&activeIngredientName=STINGING%20NETTLE" ] }

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[ "MIG welding - An arc welding process which produces the coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuously fed filler metal electrode and the work.\n\nTIG welding - A method of welding in which the arc is maintained by a tungsten electrode and shielded from the access of air by an inert gas.\n" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The major difference between Mig and Tig welding is that one process uses a continuously feeding wire (MIG) and the other you use long welding rods and slowly feed them into the weld puddle (TIG). MIG and TIG welding both use an electric arc to make the weld.", "MIG/MAG is similar to MMA in that heat for welding is produced by forming an arc between a consumable metal electrode and the workpiece; the electrode melts to form the weld bead. The main difference is that the metal electrode is a small diameter wire fed from a spool, and a shielding gas is fed through the torch.", "TIG welding. n. 1. (General Engineering) tungsten-electrode inert gas welding: a method of welding in which the arc is maintained by a tungsten electrode and shielded from the access of air by an inert gas. Compare M", "GMAW, commonly known as MIG welding, is an arc welding process which produces the coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuously fed filler metal electrode and the work.", "n. 1. (General Engineering) metal inert gas welding: a method of welding in which the filler metal wire supplies the electric current to maintain the arc, which is shielded from the access of air by an inert gas, usually argon.", "Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to melt, and join." ], "url": [ "http://jobsite-us.com/custommetalfabrication/difference-between-mig-and-tig-welding/", "http://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/process-faqs/faq-what-is-mig-mag-welding/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/TIG+welding", "http://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/welding-how-to/Pages/mig-tig-welding-category.aspx", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/MIG+welding", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mig_welding" ] }

[]

[ "30 and 60 grams per meal" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Per Meal. Women should have between 2 and 3.5 carbohydrate servings per meal, while men can have between 3 and 4. A carbohydrate serving is considered 15 grams, meaning that the total number of carbohydrates a woman should have at one sitting is between 30 and 55 grams and for men is 50 to 65. According to the American Diabetes Association, 50 to 60 percent of all calories should come from carbohydrates, with fats being a quarter of the day's total and proteins making up the rest.", "Diabetics count carbohydrates for every meal and snack throughout the day. Carbs raise blood glucose more than any other food item because they turn quickly to sugar. To stabilize blood sugar levels, diabetics watch their carbohydrate intake, along with their fat and calorie intake. Meal Range. A general range of carbohydrate intake for a diabetic is between 30 and 60 grams per meal. For women, dietitians usually suggest 30 to 45. For men, the amount is 45 to 60 grams.", "Snacks should be limited to one serving of carbs, or 15 grams. Examples include: a small fruit, three graham crackers, six ounces of yogurt, 1/2 cup of sugar-free pudding, 1/2 cup of low-fat cottage cheese with 1/4 cup of fruit, five wheat crackers, two rice cakes or one granola bar. Meal Range. A general range of carbohydrate intake for a diabetic is between 30 and 60 grams per meal. For women, dietitians usually suggest 30 to 45. For men, the amount is 45 to 60 grams.", "Carb grams/day range*: 180–308 grams. Carb grams/meal range (3 meals per day): 60–103 grams. *Based on 45%–­65% of calories from carbohydrate. Note: These recommendations are the same for a woman of small stature who wants to maintain weight. If you think Americans eat a big percentage of calories from carbs, that’s incorrect. We eat about 50 percent of our calories from carbohydrate. The biggest problem is too many total calories and the types of calories consumed. Research shows Americans eat too much added sugar (22 teaspoons a day, which translates to about 350 calories!) and not enough fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods. Rather than focusing on the amount of carbs you eat, concentrate on increasing the quality of the sources of carbs you ea", "The amount of carbs you can eat depends on your age, sex, height, weight, and activity level. On average females can have 3-4 servings of carbs for each meal, and a serving of carbs in between meals. A serving of carbohydrates is 15 grams of carbs. On average, a male can have 5-6 servings of carbs for each meal and a serving of carb in between each meal. Remember, though, that the type of carb matters to. As a diabetic, you should choose carbs that are whole grains. Whole grains contain fiber and nutrients, and they help keep you satiated longer. A Intermountain Healthcare answered. If you have diabetes and you're counting carbohydrates (carbs), keep these guidelines in mind: 1 Women need about 3 to 4 carb servings per meal (or split between a meal and a snack). 2 Men need about 4 to 5 carb servings per meal (or meal and snack).", "Most adults need 6-11 servings of carbs per day, depending on the factors listed above. The general starting point for a moderate-size woman is 45-60 grams of carbohydrates at each meal; for moderate-size men, 60-75 grams of carbs per meal. Most people with diabetes don't need to eat snacks. However, the amount of carbohydrates you need should depend on many factors, including your size, age, activity, desire to lose weight, and food preferences. There is not a one-size-fits-all amount of carbohydrates for all women. Everyone is different and has diverse nutritional needs.", "Carbs are measured in carbohydrate grams. One carbohydrate serving equals 15 grams. A small fruit is 15 carbohydrate grams. One slice of bread, 1/2 cup of pasta or 1/3 cup of rice is each one serving of carbohydrates. Three cups of popcorn, 1/2 cup of starchy vegetables or one cup of milk is also one serving of carbs. Meal Range. A general range of carbohydrate intake for a diabetic is between 30 and 60 grams per meal. For women, dietitians usually suggest 30 to 45. For men, the amount is 45 to 60 grams.", "Carb grams/day range*: 259–455 grams. Carb grams/meal range (3 meals per day): 86–151 grams. *Based on 45%–65% of calories from carbohydrate. Note: Men who are under 65 years of age, moderate to large in stature, at a healthy weight, and get a lot of exercise may need more calories and grams of carbohydrate. If you think Americans eat a big percentage of calories from carbs, that’s incorrect. We eat about 50 percent of our calories from carbohydrate. The biggest problem is too many total calories and the types of calories consumed. Research shows Americans eat too much added sugar (22 teaspoons a day, which translates to about 350 calories!) and not enough fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods. Rather than focusing on the amount of carbs you eat, concentrate on increasing the quality of the sources of carbs you eat", "The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that carbohydrates make up 45 to 65 percent of your total daily calories. So, if you get 2,000 calories a day, between 900 and 1,300 calories should be from carbohydrates. That translates to between 225 and 325 grams of carbohydrates a day. You can find the carbohydrate content of packaged foods on the Nutrition Facts label. " ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/about_5438745_many-should-diabetic-per-day.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5061367_many-should-diabetic-consume-day.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5061367_many-should-diabetic-consume-day.html", "http://www.diabeticlivingonline.com/food-to-eat/count-carbs/how-many-carbs-should-you-eat-day", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/diabetes/how-many-carbs-eat-diabetes", "http://www.diabeticlivingonline.com/expert-qa/how-many-carbs-to-eat-day", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5061367_many-should-diabetic-consume-day.html", "http://www.diabeticlivingonline.com/food-to-eat/count-carbs/how-many-carbs-should-you-eat-day", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705?pg=2" ] }

[]

[ "A dorsiventral (Lat. dorsum, the back, venter, the belly) organ is one that has two surfaces differing from each other in appearance and structure, as an ordinary leaf." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Ordinary (dorsiventral) plant leaves have an upper, harder surface which faces the sun, and a lower shade-surface where most of the carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange takes place. 2 Isobilateral leaves exchange carbon and water equally through both surfaces, but at a lower rate than dorsiventral leaves. 1 Needlelike (terete) leaves, which are in essence thin, cylindrical isobilateral leaves. 2 By having a reduced surface area compared to their volume, water loss is further minimized. 3 Grooved (canaliculate) leaves, which in proteas can be considered an intermediate stage between thin, isobilateral leaves and terete leaves.", "Leaves-Dorsiventral. These leaves grow horizontally, so that the majority of photosynthetic cells are facing upwards and receiving light in the day for photosynthesis. The majority of stomata are found on the lower half so that transpiration does not increase during the day. Dorsiventral leaves can either be 1) simple, consisting of one leave or 2) compound, consisting of many leaves stemming from the same petiole. Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page. This page was last modified on 3 October 2005, at 21:16.This page has been accessed 8,933 times. What links here | Related changes | Permanent link.", "A dicot leaf is usually dorsiventral having palisade on the upper side and spongy parenchyma on the lower side. Thus it has both dorsal and ventral sides. Dicot leaf is also called dorsiventral leaf as it has both dorsal and ventral side with identifiable features. The protective layer is named as Epidermis and there is both upp … er and lower epidermi", "A dorsiventral (Lat. dorsum, the back, venter, the belly) organ is one that has two surfaces differing from each other in appearance and structure, as an ordinary leaf. This term has also been used as a synonym for dorsoventral organs, those that extend from a dorsal to a ventral surface.", "The leaves that are orient at an angle to the main axis of the leaf are the dorsiventral leaves. The dorsiventral leaves are normally perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight. The primary features of a dorsiventral leaf are as follows: 1. The stomata of a dorsiventral leaf are distributed mainly on the lower epidermis. 2. The mesophyll tissue of the dorsiventral leaf is differentiated into upper elongated palisade parenchyma and lower round spongy parenchyma. 3. The bundle sheath of a dorsiventral leaf is devoid of chloroplasts. ", "A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively. Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf. It is covered with a waxy cuticle which is impermeable to liquid water and water vapor and forms the boundary separating the plant's inner cells from the external world.", "In dorsiventral leafs the lower epidermis which is also called abaxial side will have more number of stomata compared to the adaxial side or upper epidermis. The gap between the two epidermis is termed as mesophyll and in dicot leaf we can see a differentiated mesophyll region. Dicot leaf is also called dorsiventral leaf as it has both dorsal and ventral side with identifiable features. The protective layer is named as Epidermis and there is both upp … er and lower epidermis" ], "url": [ "http://proteaatlas.org.za/leaves.htm", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Leaves_-_Dorsiventral", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_dorsiventral_leaf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsiventral", "http://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/what-is-the-meaning-of-dorsiventral-leaf/anatomy-of-flowering-plants/4705913", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_dorsiventral_leaf" ] }

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[ "Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Confidence votes 1.4K. 1932 Superman was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Schuster in 1932. They had tried to market the character to a number of publishers and distributors, before finally selling the rights to Superman (for a pittance) to National Comics (aka DC Comics) in early 1938. This is how the fictional character Superman was created, naming (a) his actual human 'creators', and (b) his fictional parental background according to the sci-fi storyline and scenario of his origins. For more information, see Related links below this box.", "The revised Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1, June 1938. Siegel and Shuster sold the rights to the company for $130 and a contract to supply the publisher with material. The Saturday Evening Post reported in 1960 that the pair was being paid $75,000 each per year, still a fraction of DC's Superman profits. ", "Origins. The first Superman character created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster was not a hero, but a villain. Their short story The Reign of the Superman concerned a bald-headed villain bent on dominating the world. The story did not sell, forcing the two to reposition their character on the right side of the law. The Saturday Evening Post reported in 1941 that the pair was being paid still a fraction of DC's Superman profits. In 1946, when Siegel and Shuster sued for more money, DC fired them, prompting a legal battle that ended in 1948, when they signed away any further claim to Superman or any character created from him.", "Siegel may have been inspired to create the Superman character due to the death of his father. Mitchell Siegel was an immigrant who owned a clothing store on New York's Lower East Side. He died during a robbery attempt in 1932, a year before Superman was created. This third version of the character was given extraordinary abilities, although this time of a physical nature as opposed to the mental abilities of the villainous Superman. The locale and the hero's civilian names were inspired by the movies, Shuster said in 1983. Jerry created all the names.", "The story of Superman's roots in Cleveland Superman might have been born on Krypton, but he was created in Cleveland. The Plain Dealer's comics reporter Michael Sangiacomo narrates the story of how Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created the Man of Steel. The character would be more than a man, he would be a superman. The next morning, the teen rushed to the home of his artist friend, Joe Shuster, and after several fits and starts, they created the familiar character known the world over as the first and greatest superhero.", "The character is considered an American cultural icon. The Superman character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster in 1933; the character was sold to Detective Comics, Inc. (later DC Comics) in 1938. Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1 (June 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With the character's success, Superman helped to create the superhero genre and establish its primacy within the American comic book.", "Larry Tye has written a new biography of the Man of Steel. Anonymous/AP hide caption. Eighty years ago, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created the iconic comic book character Superman, but it took several years of rejections before they finally sold him to Detective Comics Inc. in 1938.", "This character biography may contain plot spoilers. Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. The character of Superman was first created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster in 1932 and first appeared in DC's Action Comics #1 in June 1938. ", "1932 Superman was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Schuster in 1932. They had tried to market the character to a number of publishers and distributors, before fina … lly selling the rights to Superman (for a pittance) to National Comics (aka DC Comics) in early 1938. This third version of the character was given extraordinary abilities, although this time of a physical nature as opposed to the mental abilities of the villainous Superman. The locale and the hero's civilian names were inspired by the movies, Shuster said in 1983. Jerry created all the names." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_Superman_created", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_superman", "http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Superman_Publication_History", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_was_Superman_created", "http://www.cleveland.com/comic-books/index.ssf/2013/04/superman_75_years_of_truth_jus.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman_(character)", "http://www.npr.org/2012/06/18/155278330/its-a-bird-its-a-plane-its-a-new-superman-bio", "http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0000196/bio", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_was_Superman_created" ] }

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[ "Less than a quarter of the $10,000+ cost of an average funeral and burial.", "$10,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An engraved memorial plaque costs as little as $100; a memorial statue or a memorial bench is in the $2,000 to $3,000 range. Caskets are unquestionably more expensive than cremation urns. Many caskets are priced in the $1,000 to $2,000 range, with a select few options for a budget between $500 and $1,000. More elaborate caskets that include precious woods and materials can easily skyrocket to $14,000. Headstones tend to cost more than cremation memorials. Prices vary, depending on the region and material, but the least expensive headstones are typically priced in the $200 to $500 range. More elaborate upright markers range from $1,000 to $3,000, with prices quickly escalating for fine materials or elaborate details. Cremation urns vary dramatically in cost based on an array of factors. The size of the urn, the materials used in its construction, and the simplicity of its design all play a role in cost. Families can buy a simple scattering urn made of biodegradable materials for as little as $50 to $100.", "Therefore, a typical traditional funeral and burial cost is likely at least $9,000. Depending upon the quality of the casket, burial vault and other merchandise selected, a traditional funeral and burial cost could be less than $5,000 or exceed $10,000. Average Funeral Costs. According to the 2010 funeral price survey by the National Funeral Directors Association, the average funeral cost for an adult funeral is $7,775.00. This is based on the most commonly selected items for a traditional funeral including a casket and vault.", "California Cremation Costs. The average cost of cremation is a fraction of funeral and burial costs in California, less than a quarter of the $10,000+ cost of an average funeral and burial. With cremation, there is no need to embalm or to purchase a cemetery plot, casket, burial vault, or gravestone. ", "Casket and Headstone Costs. Caskets are unquestionably more expensive than cremation urns. Many caskets are priced in the $1,000 to $2,000 range, with a select few options for a budget between $500 and $1,000. More elaborate caskets that include precious woods and materials can easily skyrocket to $14,000. Headstones tend to cost more than cremation memorials. Prices vary, depending on the region and material, but the least expensive headstones are typically priced in the $200 to $500 range. More elaborate upright markers range from $1,000 to $3,000, with prices quickly escalating for fine materials or elaborate details. Cremation urns vary dramatically in cost based on an array of factors. The size of the urn, the materials used in its construction, and the simplicity of its design all play a role in cost. Families can buy a simple scattering urn made of biodegradable materials for as little as $50 to $100.", "1 Strike Funeral Homes in Minnesota estimates that cremation with a ceremony costs $2,190-$4,785, not including a casket (which start at $775). 2 Total costs also depend on the disposition of the ashes after cremation. 3 See How Much Do Cremation Urns Cost and How Much Does Spreading Ashes Cost. 1 The body must be in a container when it is cremated. 2 A simple unlined and unfinished container or casket starts around $20-$250; cardboard or softwood caskets covered with fabric cost $200-$1,000; and a hardwood casket can be $1,200-$8,000. 3 See How Much Does a Casket or Coffin Cost.", "1 Embalming is not required with cremation unless the body will be on display, or if there will be a long delay between death and cremation. 2 If embalming is done, it can cost $200-$700 or more. 3 See How Much Does Embalming Cost. 4 The body must be in a container when it is cremated. 1 The body must be in a container when it is cremated. 2 A simple unlined and unfinished container or casket starts around $20-$250; cardboard or softwood caskets covered with fabric cost $200-$1,000; and a hardwood casket can be $1,200-$8,000. 3 See How Much Does a Casket or Coffin Cost.", "VA will pay up to $2,000 toward burial expenses for deaths on or after September 11, 2001, or up to $1,500 for deaths prior to September 11, 2001. If the Veteran is buried in a VA national cemetery, some or all of the cost of transporting the deceased may be reimbursed. VA will pay up to $700 toward burial and funeral expenses for deaths on or after October 1, 2011 (if hospitalized by VA at time of death), or $300 toward burial and funeral expenses (if not hospitalized by VA at time of death), and a $700 plot-interment allowance (if not buried in a national cemetery).", "The cost of cremation typically ranges from $2,000 to $4,000 if arranged through a funeral home and from $1,500 to $3,000 if arranged directly through a crematory. Here in Virginia, for instance, a direct cremation ranges from a low of $1145 to a high of $2995 through a funeral home, but through our Cremation Society the cost is $595 and includes all the transport (within the city) and paperwork required.", "Planning Ahead is the Key to Managing Funeral Costs. Funeral homes, cemeteries and other service providers expect to receive payment in full at the time of the funeral. With the average cost of a funeral in the U.S. exceeding $8,000, it can be a hardship if you have not planned ahead for this expenditure. Average Funeral Costs. According to the 2010 funeral price survey by the National Funeral Directors Association, the average funeral cost for an adult funeral is $7,775.00. This is based on the most commonly selected items for a traditional funeral including a casket and vault." ], "url": [ "http://www.neptunesociety.com/cremation-cost/compare-funeral-costs", "https://www.funeralwise.com/plan/costs/", "http://www.tridentsociety.com/cremation-costs", "http://www.neptunesociety.com/cremation-cost/compare-funeral-costs", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/cremation.html", "http://personalfinance.costhelper.com/cremation.html", "http://benefits.va.gov/compensation/claims-special-burial.asp", "https://www.caring.com/questions/how-much-does-cremation-cost", "https://www.funeralwise.com/plan/costs/" ] }

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[ "$400 to $600" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What is the payback of a solar pool? If you are currently using a gas or electric pool heater, the savings from solar pool heating system will pay for itself in 2-3 years of installation. For example, the average system costs about $5,500 and it typically costs about $2,000 a year to heat a pool with gas. The payback period would be only 2.75 years in this particular instance. A solar pool heater can be installed for $3,500 to $8,000. Since the sun is free, it will cost you nothing to heat your pool from April through November. Plus, there are no regular maintenance fees. After five years, you probably won’t spend any additional money than what you originally did for", "1 Solar pool heaters, on the other hand, cost $100 for a small above ground pool brand and $1,000 (or above) for a larger in-ground solar pool heating systems. 2 These prices reflect the actual heater and will not include the installation. 3 To play it safe, always add an additional $300 to $500 for the installation process. 1 The unit itself can cost $1,000 to $1,500 without the installation. 2 Therefore, for a typical 15 x 30 pool, the unit price would be $1,200 and the installation fee can be as high as $1500, bringing to the total to the mid-$2,000’s.", "Most inground pools will install at least a 250K Btu gas heater, up to a 400K size. Cupro Nickel heat exchangers are recommended for salt water pools, and some states require that pool heaters be LoNox, or low emissions. The cost of a Gas Pool Heater is $1500-$2500. Use more if sun exposure is partially blocked during parts of the day, or you don't have a direct southern exposure for the solar panels. Inground poo solar heaters should also use a Solar Controller, to optimize and automate heating cycles. The cost for an inground solar pool heater system is $1500-$2000.", "1 Overall, pool heater installation can cost from as little as $100 to as much as $3000. 2 One of the common brands, Gas pool heaters for pools range from $700 to $2,100 depending on brand and size. 1 The unit itself can cost $1,000 to $1,500 without the installation. 2 Therefore, for a typical 15 x 30 pool, the unit price would be $1,200 and the installation fee can be as high as $1500, bringing to the total to the mid-$2,000’s.", "New gas swimming pool heaters have a standard test they go through to determine their energy efficiency based on their Btu (British thermal unit) output. Heater efficiency is the ratio of usable output to energy input. For example, an 80%-efficient heater uses $80 worth of useful heat for every $100 worth of fuel. Therefore, it wastes 20% of the fuel. Most gas pool heaters feature their efficiency percentage on their nameplates. A pool heater's manufacturer can also provide its efficiency percentage. Today, you'll find some gas pool heaters with 89%–95% efficiency. The following table shows how much you can save for every $1,000 in annual pool heating costs by installing a gas pool heater that's 95% efficien", "1 According to HomeAdvisor.com, the average cost nationwide to repair a swimming pool heater is about $400 to $600. 2 Based on the type of repair and local pricing, however, actual repair costs could be significantly higher or lower. 3 A recommended annual pool heater tune-up costs $100 to $200. Heated pools allow for a longer swimming season than non-heated pools, but they have a higher cost of ownership. In addition to the fuel needed to run a swimming pool heater (at least if it’s electric or gas; free-energy solar heaters are also available), mechanical upkeep is also required.", "A solar pool heater can range in cost from about $3,500 to $8,000 with the average system costing around $5,500. A solar pool heater can be installed for $3,500 to $8,000. Since the sun is free, it will cost you nothing to heat your pool from April through November. Plus, there are no regular maintenance fees. After five years, you probably won’t spend any additional money than what you originally did for installation.", "1 Pool heat pumps also cost $2,000 to $3,000, depending on brand and size. 2 Solar pool heaters, on the other hand, cost $100 for a small above ground pool brand and $1,000 (or above) for a larger in-ground solar pool heating systems. 3 These prices reflect the actual heater and will not include the installation. 1 The unit itself can cost $1,000 to $1,500 without the installation. 2 Therefore, for a typical 15 x 30 pool, the unit price would be $1,200 and the installation fee can be as high as $1500, bringing to the total to the mid-$2,000’s.", "1 Therefore, for a typical 15 x 30 pool, the unit price would be $1,200 and the installation fee can be as high as $1500, bringing to the total to the mid-$2,000’s. 2 A solar pool heating system, being one of the most common means for heating, is in-demand as well. 3 It costs anywhere from $150 to $2,000 (or more). 1 The unit itself can cost $1,000 to $1,500 without the installation. 2 Therefore, for a typical 15 x 30 pool, the unit price would be $1,200 and the installation fee can be as high as $1500, bringing to the total to the mid-$2,000’s." ], "url": [ "http://solarexpert.com/solar-education/solar-faqs/solar-pool/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-heater-installation-cost/", "http://blog.poolcenter.com/article.aspx?articleid=6527", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-heater-installation-cost/", "http://www.energy.gov/energysaver/gas-swimming-pool-heaters", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/landscaping-swimming-pool-heater-repair-cost.html", "http://solarexpert.com/solar-education/solar-faqs/solar-pool/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-heater-installation-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-heater-installation-cost/" ] }

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[ "The fastest way to raise your credit score is by reducing your balance to credit ratio. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "But if you’re trying to boost your credit score quickly, you should start by paying off the credit card with the lowest available credit limit. For example, say you have two credit cards. One credit card has a $1,600 limit with a $400 balance, which means 25 percent of your available credit is being used.", "Amounts Owed Tips. This category contributes 30% to a FICO Score's calculation and can be easier to clean up than payment history, but that requires financial discipline and understanding the tips below. 1 Keep balances low on credit cards and other revolving credit. 2 High outstanding debt can affect a credit score.", "1 Keep balances low on credit cards and other revolving credit. 2 High outstanding debt can affect a credit score. 3 Pay off debt rather than moving it around. 4 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt.", "The solution to improve your credit score: Gather up all those credit cards on which you have small balances and pay them off, Ulzheimer says. Then select one or two go-to cards that you can use for everything. That way, you're not polluting your credit report with a lot of balances, he says.", "The fastest way to raise your credit score is by reducing your balance to credit ratio. For example, if you have a $5000 limit credit card, but owe $4900, that will kill your score. Reducing that balance down to 0 or even $1000, would likely cause a jump of 40+ points or more in", "1 High outstanding debt can affect a credit score. 2 Pay off debt rather than moving it around. 3 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt. 4 In fact, owing the same amount but having fewer open accounts may lower your scores.", "1 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt. 2 In fact, owing the same amount but having fewer open accounts may lower your scores. 3 Don't close unused credit cards as a short-term strategy to raise", "Watch those credit card balances. One of the major factors in your credit score is how much revolving credit you have versus how much you're actually using. The smaller that percentage is, the better it is for your credit rating. The optimum: 30 percent or lower.", "How to raise your credit score fast quickly free 20 50 100 points in less than 30 days, 60 days, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 months or 1 year. The absolute fastest way to raise your credit score Reduce your debt to credit limit ratio or Credit Utilization ratio." ], "url": [ "http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Saving-Money/2012/1201/Eight-surprising-ways-to-raise-your-credit-score", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/debt/7-simple-ways-improve-credit-score-1.aspx", "http://www.debtkid.com/raise-your-credit-score-fast-without-paying-a-dime-off", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/debt/7-simple-ways-improve-credit-score-1.aspx", "http://www.oskie.com/raise_credit_score_fast_quickly_free.htm" ] }

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[ "Only 17 g of sugar per day.", "17 g" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sugar. We’re all eating way more sugar than we think – especially our kids. The World Health Organisation says sugar should make up no more than 5% of our daily diet. But in the UK, that figure is 11.6% for adults and a massive 15.2% for children. So it makes sense to be really careful about our little ones’ sugar intake right from the moment they’re weaned.", "The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends assessing calorie needs based on age and body size. For children between the ages of 1 and 3 years, caloric intake should equal 40 calories per inch of height. In other words, if your toddler is 30 inches tall, he would need to consume 1,200 calories per day for health. Of the 186 foods analyzed, 53 percent of them contained at least 20 percent of calories from sugar. Too much sugar in your toddler's diet can cause serious health problems including obesity, diabetes, tooth decay and poor bone development.", "Believe it or not, your child does need to consume a small amount of sugar each day because it's an important source of energy. The problem is that many children consume far too much added sugar, which is the least nutritious and doesn't supply any of the nutrients that growing children need. Boys in this age group average between 29 and 34 grams of sugar a day, and girls in the same age group average between 23 and 25 grams, according to the journal Circulation..", "Added sugar saturated the kids' diets. On average, added sugar intake was 14 teaspoons per day for kids aged 2-3 and about 17 teaspoons per day for those aged 4-5. The highest level of added sugar for the younger kids was 23 teaspoons per day and more than 26 teaspoons per day for the older kids. Sugar added up to more than one quarter of the total daily calories for 11% of the children aged 2-3 and 12% for the 4- and 5-year-olds. ", "How much sugar do your kids eat each day? The American Heart Association recommends that kids eat less than 6.5 teaspoons or 100 calories from sugar each day. But according to a poll in Family Circle, the average teen takes in about 34 teaspoons of sugar, or 500 calories worth, each day. Rethink drinks (and snacks): Sugar-sweetened drinks are the main culprits behind overdoses in sugar. A single 12-ounce can of soda may have as much as 39 grams of sugar. That's more than 150 calories from sugar, way more than a kid should have in a day.", "In terms of adults, this comes to about 25 g of sugar for adult women or 37.5 g of sugar for adult men, because there are four calories per every 1 g of added sugar. For preschool children eating a 1,200- to 1,400-calorie diet, this translates into about 16.7 g per day. Children ages 4 to 8 should consume less sugar—about 12.5 g per day, because they have greater nutritional needs and have fewer discretionary calories in their daily diets. Pre-teen and teenagers should limit their intake to between 21 and 33 g of sugar per day. ", "That's a maximum of 30g of added sugar a day for adults, which is roughly seven sugar cubes. Children should have less – no more than 19g a day for children aged 4 to 6 years old (5 sugar cubes), and no more than 24g (6 sugar cubes) for children aged 7 to 10 years old.", "According to the American Heart Association, toddlers should consume only 17 g of sugar per day. If a toddler consumes between 1,200 and 1,400 calories, this means that between 7 and 8 percent of her total calories should be from sugar. This equals out to about 170 calories from sugar per day. Of the 186 foods analyzed, 53 percent of them contained at least 20 percent of calories from sugar. Too much sugar in your toddler's diet can cause serious health problems including obesity, diabetes, tooth decay and poor bone development.", "These numbers exceed the recommended sugar limits for children by a significant amount. The actual limit of sugar for children is 3 to 4 teaspoons during the preschool and early elementary years, and between 5 and 8 teaspoons during the tween and teen years. Boys in this age group average between 29 and 34 grams of sugar a day, and girls in the same age group average between 23 and 25 grams, according to the journal Circulation..", "One 12-ounce serving of most sodas contains about 10 teaspoons of added sugar, according to the KidsHealth website. That's more than children of any age should have for an entire day. Boys in this age group average between 29 and 34 grams of sugar a day, and girls in the same age group average between 23 and 25 grams, according to the journal Circulation.." ], "url": [ "http://www.bounty.com/toddler-1-to-2-years/diet-and-nutrition/too-much-sugar-and-salt", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/479749-how-much-sugar-should-a-toddler-eat-per-day/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/maximum-amount-sugar-day-children-8982.html", "http://www.webmd.com/parenting/news/20050113/kids-diets-have-too-much-added-sugar", "http://www.womansday.com/health-fitness/nutrition/advice/a4947/how-much-sugar-do-your-kids-eat-108599/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/458552-how-much-sugar-per-day-for-kids/", "http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/sugars.aspx", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/479749-how-much-sugar-should-a-toddler-eat-per-day/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/maximum-amount-sugar-day-children-8982.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/maximum-amount-sugar-day-children-8982.html" ] }

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[ "The contraction of the muscle leads to a craniolateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula (rotation)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The scapula, or shoulder blade, is the flat triangular bone that lies on the upper portion of the back. It attaches to the ribs on its under surface and to the humerus laterally. It has several important landmarks because it is a very important muscle attachment area in the shoulder complex.", "227 228) The paired pectoral girdles each consist of two bones, the anterior clavicle and the posterior scapula. The shoulder girdles function to attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. In addition, the bones of the shoulder girdles serve as attachment points for many trunk and neck muscles. The pectoral girdle is exceptionally light and allows the upper limb a degree of mobility not seen anywhere else in the body.", "In case of a fixed humerus the contraction of the muscle leads to a craniolateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula (rotation). As the fibers of both the Latissimus dorsi and Teres major run parallel, their motions in the shoulder joint are basically identical.", "Contraction of the deltoid muscle results in a wide range of movement of the arm at the shoulder due to its location and the wide separation of its muscle fibers.... Click to read more below. The deltoid muscle is a rounded, triangular muscle located on the uppermost part of the arm and the top of the shoulder.", "The elbow is a synovial hinge joint located between the upper arm and forearm. It is formed by the meeting of three bones: the humerus in the upper arm and the ulna and radius in the lower arm. Like all other hinge joints, the elbow permits movement in one plane, namely the flexion and extension of the forearm relative to the upper arm.", "Two muscles-the triceps brachii and anconeus-act as the extensors of the forearm. The triceps brachii is a long muscle that runs posterior to the humerus from the scapula to the olecranon of the ulna.", "The deltoid is attached by tendons to the skeleton at the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The deltoid is widest at the top of the shoulder and narrows to its apex as it travels down the arm.", "1 These muscles retract and elevate the scapula. 2 Teres major muscle originates from posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula and attaches the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus which lies on the anterior surface of the humerus. 3 This muscle extends and medially rotates" ], "url": [ "http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/unit_10.htm", "http://www.wou.edu/~lemastm/Teaching/BI334/Appendicular%20Body%20-%20Bones%20(UpperLimb).pdf", "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/teres-major-muscle", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_musfov/musc12-new.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc07.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc07.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_musfov/musc12-new.html", "https://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article/1403" ] }

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[ "It is a general term for a therapeutic treatment procedure that involves multiple advances of a filament needle into the muscle in the area of the body which produces pain and typically contains a trigger point." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Dry needling. therapy is used to relieve muscle pain. Thin sterile needles are used in this procedure and are inserted at trigger points specific to the part of the body which is in pain. Acupuncture is based on Chinese principles, but what distinguishes dry needling from traditional acupuncture is that it does not use the full range of traditional theories of Chinese Medicine where the needles are inserted into channels on the body, strengthen the “qi” or “life force”, providing better energy flow.", "Functional Dry Needling. Dry Needling is a general term for a therapeutic treatment procedure that involves multiple advances of a filament needle into the muscle in the area of the body which produces pain and typically contains a trigger point. There is no injectable solution and typically the needle that is used is very thin. ", "Dry Needling. Dry Needling involves multiple advances of a filament needle into the muscle in the region of a Trigger Point'. The aim of Dry Needling is to achieve a local twitch response to release muscle tension and pain. Dry needling is an effective treatment for chronic pain of neuropathic origin with very few side effects", "Dry needling for the treatment of myofascial (muscular) trigger points is based on theories similar, but not exclusive, to traditional acupuncture; both acupuncture and dry needling target the trigger points, which is a direct and palpable source of patient pain. Proper dry needling of a myofascial trigger point will elicit a local twitch response (LTR), which is an involuntary spinal cord reflex in which the muscle fibers in the taut band of muscle contract. The LTR indicates the proper placement of the needle in a trigger point.", "Dry needling is an invasive procedure in which a solid filament needle is inserted into the skin and muscle directly at a myofascial trigger point. A myofascial trigger point consists of multiple contraction knots, which are related to the production and maintenance of the pain cycle. Dry needling can be used for a variety of musculoskeletal problems. Muscles are thought to be a primary contributing factor to the symptoms. Such conditions include, but are not limited to: 1 neck/back/shoulder pain. 2 tennis elbow. 3 carpal tunnel. 4 golfer’s elbow. 5 tension headaches and migraines. 6 jaw pain. 7 sciatica.", "The origin of the term “dry needling” is attributed to Janet G. Travell, M.D. In her book, 'Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: Trigger Point Manual', Dr. Travell uses the term dry needling to differentiate between two hypodermic needle techniques when performing trigger point therapy. Proper dry needling of a myofascial trigger point will elicit a local twitch response (LTR), which is an involuntary spinal cord reflex in which the muscle fibers in the taut band of muscle contract. The LTR indicates the proper placement of the needle in a trigger point.", "Dry Needling is a western form of Acupuncture and this treatment has been described using many names. Dry Needling is the most current term. Acupuncture is based on traditional Chinese medicine and Acupuncture needling treatment occurs along the meridian system. Modern Dry Needling is based on western neuroanatomy and modern scientific study of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. Volumes of research have been written on the subject of Dry Needling by several physicians (Janet Travell, MD, David Simons, MD, Peter Baldry, MD, and Karel Lewit, MD).", "Dry Needling is a treatment technique often used by physical therapists to eliminate. trigger points within muscles and other soft tissues. It requires using a sterile acupuncture needle that is inserted into the trigger point, causing an immediate release of the trigger point. This reduces pain, muscle tension and. Schrier Physical Therapy has been using Dry Needling for over 10 years. We have seen incredible results in all age groups, ranging from high school athletes, to soccer moms, to seniors. There is very little risk of any kind in using this technique.", "Dry needling (Myofascial Trigger Point Dry Needling) is the use of either solid filiform needles (also referred to as acupuncture needles) or hollow-core hypodermic needles for therapy of muscle pain, including pain related to myofascial pain syndrome. Proper dry needling of a myofascial trigger point will elicit a local twitch response (LTR), which is an involuntary spinal cord reflex in which the muscle fibers in the taut band of muscle contract. The LTR indicates the proper placement of the needle in a trigger point." ], "url": [ "http://www.denveracupunctureandchiro.com/dry-needling-denver/", "http://www.kinetacore.com/physical-therapy/Overview-of-Dry-Needling-Functional-Dry-Needling-Courses/page150.html", "http://www.neurosportphysicaltherapy.com/services/dry-needling", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_needling", "http://www.releasept.com/physical-therapy-services/dry-needle/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_needling", "http://www.physicaltherapyfirst.com/services/dryneedling/", "http://www.schrierpt.com/dryneedling/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_needling" ] }

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[ "A haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Haplogroups pertain to deep ancestral origins dating back thousands of years. In human genetics, the haplogroups most commonly studied are Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, both of which can be used to define genetic populations. Haplogroups can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented. For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups: 1 African: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6. 2 West Eurasian: H, T, U, V, X, K, I, J, W (all listed West Eurasian haplogroups are derived from macro-haplogroup N).", "In molecular evolution, a haplogroup (from the Greek: ἁπλούς, haplous, haploûs, onefold, single simple And-Proto-Proto : *germanic, kruppaz round, mass) lump is similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor having the same single nucleotide (POLYMORPHISM) snp mutation in all. haplotypes Haplogroups can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented. For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups: 1 African: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6. 2 West Eurasian: H, T, U, V, X, K, I, J, W (all listed West Eurasian haplogroups are derived from macro-haplogroup N).", "Definition of HAPLOTYPE. : a group of alleles of different genes (as of the major histocompatibility complex) on a single chromosome that are closely enough linked to be inherited usually as a unit. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about haplotype. noun hap·lo·type \\-ˌtīp\\", "Haplogroup. In molecular evolution, a haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor having the same single nucleotide polymorphism mutation in all haplotypes. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. An SNP test confirms a haplogroup. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations, for example R1b1. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have different haplogroup designations. ", "Subclade. In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup. Subclades are often referred to in genealogical DNA tests of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, where they represent subbranches of major branches on the human family tree. ", "A haplotype is, in the simplest terms, a specific group of genes that a progeny inherits from one parent. There are, however, several specific definitions of the term being used in the field of genetics. The term ' haplogroup ' refers to the SNP/ unique-event polymorphism (UEP) mutations that represent the clade to which a collection of particular human haplotypes belong. (Clade here refers to a set of people sharing a common ancestor.).", "Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. A SNP test confirms a haplogroup. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations, for example R1b1. Haplogroups can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented. For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups: 1 African: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6. 2 West Eurasian: H, T, U, V, X, K, I, J, W (all listed West Eurasian haplogroups are derived from macro-haplogroup N).", "A second specific meaning of the term haplotype: a set of (several) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, snips)—also known as DNA sequence variations at specific nucleotide sites, or as polymorphic sites—on a single chromatid of a chromosome pair that are associated statistically. The term ' haplogroup ' refers to the SNP/ unique-event polymorphism (UEP) mutations that represent the clade to which a collection of particular human haplotypes belong. (Clade here refers to a set of people sharing a common ancestor.).", "Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups are determined by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tests. SNPs are locations on the DNA where one nucleotide has mutated or switched to a different nucleotide. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from the haplotype. A SNP test is required to confirm the haplogroup prediction", "A haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations. SNPs are locations on the DNA where one nucleotide has mutated or switched to a different nucleotide. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from the haplotype." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/haplotype", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/haplogroup", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/subclade", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype", "http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Haplogroup", "http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Haplogroup" ] }

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[ "The only difference between the ascending and descending aorta is the direction of the artery. The ascending aorta is only the area from the aortic semilunar valve to the aortic trunk. The descending is the part of the artery that takes it down the abdomen.The difference in the superior and inferior vena cava is the same, where the superior runs cranially and the inferior runs down the abdomen.Inferior vena cava is a vein carrying and returning the blood to the heart, and abdominal aorta is an artery taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the various organs and tissues." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The aorta is the main artery leaving the left ventricle of the heart-it carries blood to the head and body. There is a superior and inferior vena cava, both are large veins. … The superior returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs. Inferior vena cava is a vein carrying and returning the blood to the heart, and abdominal aorta is an artery taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the various organs and t … issues. 10 people found this useful.", "Answers. Best Answer: The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava both enter the heart at the right atrium. The difference is that-as the name suggests-the superior vena vava carried deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the upper areas of the body (in Latin, superior == above). ", "The superior vena cava is a large, yet short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart's right atrium. The inferior vena cava (or IVC) … is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Inferior vena cava is a vein carrying and returning the blood to the heart, and abdominal aorta is an artery taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the various organs and t … issues. 10 people found this useful.", "The inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower half of the body whilst the superior vena cava carries blood from the upper half of the body. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. ", "Six large veins carry blood to the heart: the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry blood from the body to the right atrium, and four pulmonary veins carry blood fro … m the lungs to the left atrium. Two arteries, the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, exit the heart. The Vena Cava carrys de oxygenated blood that is returning from the body and into the right atruim of the heart and the Aorta is the largest artery of the body which tr … ansports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Hope this helps.", "Inferior Vena Cava. Inferior vena cava is the largest vein in the body, which carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. It is located posterior to the abdominal cavity and runs to the heart next to the abdominal aorta. In contrast, veins draining into the inferior vena cava are anterior and posterior tibial veins, fibular vein, popliteal vein, femoral vein, external iliac vein, great saphenous veins, common iliac vein, external and internal iliac vein, renal vein, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic veins.", "Inferior vena cava is a vein carrying and returning the blood to the heart, and abdominal aorta is an artery taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the various organs and t … issues. 10 people found this useful. The Vena Cava carrys de oxygenated blood that is returning from the body and into the right atruim of the heart and the Aorta is the largest artery of the body which tr … ansports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Hope this helps.", "The only difference between the ascending and descending aorta is the direction of the artery. The ascending aorta is only the area from the aortic semilunar valve to the aortic trunk. The descending is the part of the artery that takes it down the abdomen. The difference in the superior and inferior vena cava is the same, where the superior runs cranially and the inferior runs down the abdomen. They both, vena cavae, dump into the right atrium. :) I hope that answers your question. You have the flow listed correctly already. ", "The superior vena cava is a large, yet short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart's right atrium. The inferior vena cava (or IVC) … is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. The Vena Cava carrys de oxygenated blood that is returning from the body and into the right atruim of the heart and the Aorta is the largest artery of the body which tr … ansports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Hope this helps.", "Best Answer: The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from your lower body (so legs, reproductive organs, bowels, etc) to the right atrium. It does not continue on to the superior vena cava because the right atrium happens to be in the way. The inferior vena cava (or IVC) is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_stuctural_difference_between_aorta_and_vena_cava", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120620005804AACvG62", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_stuctural_difference_between_aorta_and_vena_cava", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Difference_between_aorta_and_vena_cava", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-superior-and-inferior-vena-cava/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Difference_between_aorta_and_vena_cava", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100428175204AAszO3b", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Difference_between_aorta_and_vena_cava", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090621210834AAyJZv7" ] }

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[ "The process of purchasing shares as the price decreases." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A woman weighs herself on a bathroom scale. A woman weighs herself on a bathroom scale. The definition of a scale is an outer protective layer made up of flat, rigid, overlapping plates. An example of scale is the skin of a fish. Scale is defined as a system or series of marks used for measuring or registering", "DEFINITION of 'Scale In'. The process of purchasing shares as the price decreases. To scale in (or scaling in) means to set a target price and then invest in increments as the stock falls below that price. This buying continues until the price stops falling or the intended trade size is reached. ", "11 ENTRIES FOUND: 1 scale (noun). 2 scale (noun). 3 scale (verb). 4 scale (noun). 5 scale (verb). 6 full–scale (adjective). 7 large–scale (adjective). 8 Richter scale (noun). 9 sliding scale (noun). 10 small–scale (adjective). 11 tip (verb). scale back/down (something) or scale (something) back/down. : to decrease the size, amount, or extent of (something). The committee scaled down the budget. The company has scaled back production.", "scale noun (SIZE). B2 [S or U] the ​size or ​level of something, ​especially when this is ​large: We don't ​yet ​know the scale of the ​problem. Nuclear ​weapons ​cause ​destruction on a ​massive scale (= ​cause a lot of ​destruction). scale noun. › [S or U] the ​size or ​level of something, especially when this is large: the scale of sth We ​failed to ​recognize the scale of the problem. on a large/​small scale. on a ​global/​national/​international scale.", "To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler. 2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface. 3. To scatter; to spread. 4. (Gun.) To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder. v. i. To scale a debt, wages, etc. to reduce a debt, etc ., according to a fixed ratio or scale. n. 1. (Anat.) One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton.", "scale noun (SIZE/LEVEL). › art [U] the ​size or ​level of something in ​comparison to what is ​average: Our ​problems are like those in the ​city, just on a ​smaller scale. scale noun. › [S or U] the ​size or ​level of something, especially when this is large: the scale of sth We ​failed to ​recognize the scale of the problem. on a large/​small scale. on a ​global/​national/​international scale.", "global English and language change from our blog. Blog. A must for anyone with an interest in the changing face of language. The Macmillan Dictionary blog explores English as it is spoken around the world today. Definition and synonyms of scale from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Thesaurus. The thesaurus of synonyms and related words is fully integrated into the dictionary. Click on the thesaurus category heading under the button in an entry to see the synonyms and related words for that meaning.", "1.2 A series of marks at regular intervals in a line used in measuring something: the mean delivery time is plotted against a scale on the right. More example sentences. 1 Panelists must then complete an evaluation of the samples and mark the line scale for the intensity of each attribute. Example sentences. 1 If left untreated, the scale may become thick, yellow and greasy and, occasionally, secondary bacterial infection may occur. 2 The lesion is demarcated sharply and the scale often is thick. 3 These patches may have a thick silvery-white scale of dead skin on the top, and may be itchy." ], "url": [ "http://www.yourdictionary.com/scale", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/scale-in.asp", "http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/scale", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/scale", "http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/scale", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/scale", "http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/scale_1", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/scale" ] }

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[ "Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming. ", "A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about 15 °C (27 °F) colder than the present average of 14 °C (57 °F). The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the greenhouse gases.", "They radiate the heat back to the Earth's surface, to another greenhouse gas molecule, or out to space. Greenhouse Gases. There are several different types of greenhouse gases. The major ones are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gas molecules all are made of three or more atoms. The atoms are held together loosely enough that they vibrate when they absorb heat. ", "Earth's Greenhouse Gases. Even though only a tiny amount of the gases in Earth s atmosphere are greenhouse gases, they have a huge effect on climate. There are several different types of greenhouse gases. The major ones are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. All of these have molecules with three or more atoms. The atoms are held together loosely enough that they vibrate when they absorb heat", "For example, methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Over a 100 year period, a molecule of methane (CH4) has 21 times the warming effect as a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2), even though it stays in the atmosphere for only about 12 years of the 100 year period. The warming impact of different types of greenhouse gases varies according to the warming power of the gas and the length of time it stays in the atmosphere. As shown in Table 1, carbon dioxide has an atmospheric life of 50 to 200 years.", "Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which makes the Earth warmer. People are adding several types of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, and each gas's effect on climate change depends on three main factors: People produce larger amounts of some greenhouse gases than others. Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas you hear people talk about the most. ", "1 The earth's atmosphere contains trace gases, some of which absorb heat. 2 These gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide) are referred to as greenhouse gases.. 3 Albedo has an important influence on the earth's temperature. 4 Greenhouses are structures designed to retain heat. In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the type of surface that sunlight first encounters is the most important factor. Forests, grasslands, ocean surfaces, ice caps, deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiate radiation differently.", "Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect. ", "Greenhouse Gases. We noted earlier that water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are two of the major greenhouse gases. Both of these molecules are present on Earth naturally, their amounts having evolved to steady levels as a total effect of plant and animal life. In addition to knowing the concentration of the greenhouse gas, it is important to understand that each gas has a different relative greenhouse efficiency. In other words, some gases are better at absorbing the solar radiation than others, and therefore have a greater overall impact on the greenhouse effect." ], "url": [ "http://www.livescience.com/37821-greenhouse-gases.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas", "http://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/greenhouse-effect", "http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/cli_greengas.html", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/others/TakMar08.html", "http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-gases.html", "https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm", "http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/Global_Warming/fossil_fuels_and_global_warming.htm", "http://environ.andrew.cmu.edu/m1/s2/subsect/ghgs.htm" ] }

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[ "3000/5000 RMB (4000/600 USD)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A 350 ml can of Coca-Cola costs 2 yuan (US$0.30) in Shanghai. The average salary in Shanghai is around 5,000 yuan (US$730) per month plus benefits. Similar prices and wages may be found in China’s other major cities. Wages in China’s second tier cities and rural areas tend to be lower.", "But the cost of a three-bedroom apartment in Shanghai is a whopping six times higher than that of a similar-sized place in Urumqi, at 15,000 yuan (around $2,450 at today's exchange rate).", "For example, the average price of housing in New York City is $2,059 per square meter with an average family income of $72,000 per year. By comparison, the average cost of housing in Shanghai for the year 2007 was $1,160 per square meter against an average family income of $7,316 (Tu, 2008).", "Generally, you need 3000/5000 RMB (4000/600 USD) to afford an apartment in Shanghai. The cost of food is a very individual. You can get shark fin soup for 60 USD a bowl or 1 USD beef noodles on the street corners. Fast food such as KFC (Kentucky fried chicken) and McDonald are cheaper in China, at 4 to 5 dollars.", "A 120 square meter apartment in a typical Shanghai neighborhood costs around 1.5 million yuan (US$220,000). A similar apartment in Hong Kong costs over HK$10 million (US$1,300,000). Interestingly, McDonald’s value meals cost the same in both cities.", "An apartment in Shanghai's central and upmarket Pudong neighborhood has sold for a record 220,000 yuan (US$35,000) per square meter, Taiwanese news site Want China Times reports. The total price was 84 million yuan (US$13 million)." ], "url": [ "http://www.visitshanghaicity.com/2010/04/what-is-the-cost-of-living-in-shanghai-china.html", "http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/11/the-rent-in-shanghai-is-too-damn-high-an-infographic/281834/", "http://middlekingdomlife.com/guide/buying-apartment-in-china.htm", "http://www.educations.com/study-guides/asia/study-in-china/living-costs-3970", "http://www.visitshanghaicity.com/2010/04/what-is-the-cost-of-living-in-shanghai-china.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/shanghai-apartment-sets-insane-price-2012-11" ] }

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[ "The reproductive system" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1. The reproductive system produces gametes (sperm and eggs) via the division process called. 2. The organ where sperm cells mature is called the. 3. Sperm cells exit the penis via the. 4. A mature egg is released from the ovaries during the phase of the menstrual cycle.", "Spermatogenesis is the process by which the male gametes, called sperm, are created. Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules, which are an intricate system of tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.", "Reproductive System: Gamete Production. Gametes are produced by a two part cell division process called meiosis. Through a sequence of steps, the replicated DNA in a parent cell is distributed among four daughter cells.", "Meiosis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which the male gametes, called sperm, are created. Now, you may recall that in order to create sperm that can combine with a female gamete, each sperm must be haploid and contain only one copy of each chromosome.", "Human reproduction employs internal fertilization, and depends on the integrated action of hormones, the nervous system, and the reproductive system. Gonads are sex organs that produce gametes. Male gonads are the testes, which produce sperm and male sex hormones.", "Cells in the reproductive organs (testes testes: An organ that produces the male reproductive cells. and ovaries ovaries: A pair of organs in the female reproductive system where ova (eggs) and sex hormones are produced. in humans) divide to form gametes. Gametes are sex cells :" ], "url": [ "http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/1-reproductive-system-produces-gametes-sperm-eggs-via-division-process-called--2-organ-spe-q4383152", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/spermatogenesis-how-the-male-reproductive-system-produces-sperm.html", "http://biology.about.com/od/organsystems/ss/reproductive-system.htm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/spermatogenesis-how-the-male-reproductive-system-produces-sperm.html", "http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookREPROD.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/inheritance/dna_cell_divisionrev3.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "Corporation" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "EMC has over 70,000 employees and is the world’s largest provider of data storage systems by marketshare, competing against NetApp, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Hitachi Data Systems (arranged in descending order of external data storage marketshare). Under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems.", "Michael Ruettgers joined EMC in 1988 and served as CEO from 1992 until January 2001. Under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems.", "Traveling the world for stories on technology transformation. The digital world’s transformation and its impact on people and business. The digital world’s transformation and its impact on people and business. IT leadership connection to industry trends, topics, and opinion. IT leadership connection to industry trends, topics, and opinion. Social@EMC Share your ideas, join the conversation, connect with EMC", "EMC Corporation Company Profile. EMC has its head in the cloud … and rightly so for a company that's helping businesses build Web-based computing systems with its data storage products and services.", "EMC stockholders will receive about $33.15 per share in cash and a type of stock that is linked to a portion of EMC's economic interest in its VMware business, which will remain an independent, publicly traded company, the companies said in a statement Monday. Read More EMC-Dell talks highlight hedge fund pro's clout. Dell to buy EMC in deal worth about $67 billion. Tom DiChristopher. SHARES. Dell announced a deal Monday with MSD Partners and Silver Lake to buy cloud computing company EMC for roughly $67 billion in cash and stock.", "EMC sells data storage, information security, virtualization, analytics, cloud computing and other products and services that enable businesses to store, manage, protect, and analyze data. EMC's target markets include large companies and small-and medium-sized businesses across various vertical markets. Under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems.", "In the early 1980s, such decisions brought EMC rapid growth, and the company became the subject of a case study used by students at the Harvard Business School. The company's sales and profits continued to grow through the middle of the decade. At the end of 1990, EMC reported sales up 30 percent from the previous year, to $171 million, yielding earnings of $18.2 million. EMC was on a roller coaster in the 1980s, one analyst told the New York Times, noting that They're a more mature company today..", "Joseph M. Tucci has been EMC's chief executive since January 2001 and chairman of the board of directors since January 2006; he joined the company in 2000 as president and chief operating officer. Under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems.", "Company Description. EMC Corp. is an information technology company, which develops, delivers and supports a range of information infrastructure and virtual infrastructure technologies, solutions and services. It enables businesses and service providers to transform their operations and deliver information technology as a service. The company conducts its business through three broad categories: EMC Information Infrastructure, Pivotal and VMware Virtual Infrastructure.", "$30.92. EMC Corp. is an information technology company, which develops, delivers and supports a range of information infrastructure and virtual infrastructure technologies, solutions and services. It enables businesses and service providers to transform their operations and deliver information technology as a service. The company conducts its business through three broad categories: EMC Information Infrastructure, Pivotal and VMware Virtual Infrastructure." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMC_Corporation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMC_Corporation", "http://www.emc.com/en-us/index.htm?fromGlobalSiteSelect", "http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Emc_Corporation.f1df1fcbf5224df8.html", "http://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/12/dell-to-buy-emc-in-deal-worth-about-65-billion.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMC_Corporation", "http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/60/EMC-Corporation.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMC_Corporation", "http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/emc/profile", "http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/emc/profile" ] }

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[ "A variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Electron beam physical vapor deposition: In which the material to be deposited is heated to a high vapor pressure by electron bombardment in high vacuum and is transported by diffusion to be deposited by condensation on the (cooler) workpiece. 1 Evaporative deposition: In which the material to be deposited is heated to a high vapor pressure by electrically resistive heating in low vacuum. 2 Pulsed laser deposition: In which a high-power laser ablates material from the target into a vapor.", "physical vapor deposition. (materials). A thin-film deposition process in which a material (metal, alloy, compound, cermet, or composite) is either evaporated or sputtered onto a substrate in a vacuum. Abbreviated PVD. 1 Facebook. 2 Twitter", "Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a family of processes that is used to deposit layers of atoms or molecules from the vapor phase onto a solid substrate in a vacuum chamber. Two very common types of processes used are Sputtering and Electron Beam Evaporation. ", "Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a collective set of processes used to deposit thin layers of material, typically in the range of few nanometers to several micrometers. 1 PVD processes are environmentally friendly vacuum deposition techniques consisting of three fundamental steps (Figure 1): In both evaporation and sputtering, the resulting vapor phase is subsequently deposited onto the desired substrate through a condensation mechanism. 2. Deposited films can span a range of chemical compositions based on the source material(s). Further compositions are accessible through reactive deposition processes.", "Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a chemical process used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films. 1 Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition (HPCVD) – This process involves both chemical decomposition of precursor gas and vaporization of a solid source. 2 Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) – This CVD process is based on metalorganic precursors.", "Inside the Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition, or PS-PVD, ceramic powder is introduced into the plasma flame, which vaporizes it and then condenses it on the (cooler) workpiece to form the ceramic coating. 1 Evaporative deposition: In which the material to be deposited is heated to a high vapor pressure by electrically resistive heating in low vacuum. 2 Pulsed laser deposition: In which a high-power laser ablates material from the target into a vapor.", "For more than 30 years, our coatings have been helping customers realize the full potential of their tools, thereby improving the efficiency and profitability of their manufacturing operations. What is PVD coating? Physical Vapor Deposition, or PVD, is a term used to describe a family of coating processes. The most common of these PVD coating processes are evaporation (typically using cathodic arc or electron beam sources), and sputtering (using magnetic enhanced sources or magnetrons, cylindrical or hollow cathode sources). ", "Physical vapor deposition (PVD) describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films. PVD uses physical process (such as heating or sputtering) to produce a vapor of material, which is then deposited on the object which requires coating. PVD is used in the manufacture of items which require thin films for mechanical, chemical or electronic reasons. 1 Evaporative deposition: In which the material to be deposited is heated to a high vapor pressure by electrically resistive heating in low vacuum. 2 Pulsed laser deposition: In which a high-power laser ablates material from the target into a vapor.", "Physial vapor deposition (PVD) is a generic term for vacuum plating processes involving bombardment of the surface by energetic ions to enhance coating adhesion and improve coating structure. It is a common industrial process. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Physical+Vapour+Deposition", "http://abrisatechnologies.com/2012/09/physical-vapor-deposition-sputtering-vs-electron-beam-evaporation/", "http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/materials-science/material-science-products.html?TablePage=108832720", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition", "http://richterprecision.com/pvd-coatings.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition", "http://www.americanplatingandpvd.com/metal-services/lifetime-pvd-coating/what-is-pvd/" ] }

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[ "180 days in advance of your arrival date." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "At this time, you may make a dining reservation at most Disney World restaurants up to 180 days in advance of your meal there. To make online reservations, click on any table service restaurant name in our DISNEY WORLD RESTAURANT GUIDE and select “Book Online.”. Disney World Dining Reservations Quick Search. Additionally, dining reservations can be made using the My Disney Experience app on your smartphone or tablet. My Disney Experience is one component of MyMagic+ , Disney’s all-inclusive, technology-based planning system.", "Before your 180 day mark: 1 Go to DisneyWorld.com/dining/ to familiarize yourself with the Disney restaurants and the dining system. 2 For any restaurant that takes reservations, you can click on the restaurant name and then on the resulting page, look in the right hand column for menus. 1 Log in and go to My Disney Experience at the upper right. 2 Use the pull down menu to select My Reservations and follow the directions from there. 3 The purpose of linking your account is so that you’ll qualify to book Advance Dining Reservations (ADRs) for 180 + 10 days from your arrival date.", "Disney World Dining Quick Search on the My Disney Experience app. Things to Note: 1 If you are staying at a Disney Resort during your time in Orlando, you may call 180 days in advance of your arrival date and make dining reservations for up to 10 days (be sure to have your Disney World Resort reservation number handy). Disney World Dining Reservations Quick Search. Additionally, dining reservations can be made using the My Disney Experience app on your smartphone or tablet. My Disney Experience is one component of MyMagic+ , Disney’s all-inclusive, technology-based planning system.", "Dining Reservations. You can relax—confident that your table is waiting for you—whenever you have a dining reservation at a Walt Disney World theme park or Resort hotel restaurant. When you make a breakfast or lunch reservation at Be Our Guest Restaurant in Magic Kingdom park, you get “advance-order” privileges, too—you can order your meal up to 30 days before your reservation—and change it any time before you check in!", "If you are planning to try some of Disney’s excellent table-service restaurants and/or dinner shows while you are vacationing at Walt Disney World, it is important to make Disney World Advance Dining Reservations (formerly called Priority Seatings) online or by calling (407) WDW-DINE (939-3463) . 1 Log in and go to My Disney Experience at the upper right. 2 Use the pull down menu to select My Reservations and follow the directions from there. 3 The purpose of linking your account is so that you’ll qualify to book Advance Dining Reservations (ADRs) for 180 + 10 days from your arrival date.", "How to Make Your Reservations. There are 3 ways to make Disney Dining Reservations, or as Disney calls them Advanced Dining Reservations (ADRs). They are call Disney, go on the Walt Disney World website or let someone else do it for you. Sounds pretty simple.", "1 Disney resort guests can reserve 180 days in advance of their day of arrival and make up to 10 days of Advance Dining Reservations that same day, either online or by calling (407) WDW-DINE (939-3463). 2 If booking online, you will need your resort reservation number. 1 Log in and go to My Disney Experience at the upper right. 2 Use the pull down menu to select My Reservations and follow the directions from there. 3 The purpose of linking your account is so that you’ll qualify to book Advance Dining Reservations (ADRs) for 180 + 10 days from your arrival date.", "1 Go to DisneyWorld.com/dining/ to familiarize yourself with the Disney restaurants and the dining system. 2 For any restaurant that takes reservations, you can click on the restaurant name and then on the resulting page, look in the right hand column for menus. 3 Make a list of your preferred dining locations. 1 Log in and go to My Disney Experience at the upper right. 2 Use the pull down menu to select My Reservations and follow the directions from there. 3 The purpose of linking your account is so that you’ll qualify to book Advance Dining Reservations (ADRs) for 180 + 10 days from your arrival date.", "Enter in the date you want to make your Advance Dining Reservation at Walt Disney World and press the CALC button. ", "1 If you are staying at a Disney Resort during your time in Orlando, you may call 180 days in advance of your arrival date and make dining reservations for up to 10 days (be sure to have your Disney World Resort reservation number handy). Disney World Dining Reservations Quick Search. Additionally, dining reservations can be made using the My Disney Experience app on your smartphone or tablet. My Disney Experience is one component of MyMagic+ , Disney’s all-inclusive, technology-based planning system." ], "url": [ "http://www.disneyfoodblog.com/making-advanced-dining-reservations-at-disney-restaurants/", "http://www.mousesavers.com/advance-dining-reservations-system-at-walt-disney-world/", "http://www.disneyfoodblog.com/making-advanced-dining-reservations-at-disney-restaurants/", "https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/help/dining-reservations/", "http://www.mousesavers.com/advance-dining-reservations-system-at-walt-disney-world/", "http://www.dadsguidetowdw.com/disney-dining-reservations.html", "http://www.mousesavers.com/advance-dining-reservations-system-at-walt-disney-world/", "http://www.mousesavers.com/advance-dining-reservations-system-at-walt-disney-world/", "http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/dining/pscalc/dispscalc.html", "http://www.disneyfoodblog.com/making-advanced-dining-reservations-at-disney-restaurants/" ] }

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[ "HIV-associated dementia (HAD) can occur in people who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.", "HIV-associated dementia (HAD) can occur in people who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV /AIDS encephalopathy. 2 Common symptoms include decline in thinking, or cognitive, functions such as memory, reasoning, judgment, concentration, and problem solving. 1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. 2 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV /AIDS encephalopathy.", ", or other mental health issues, medication-related side effects, and aging. There are also different levels of severity for HIV-related dementia: Minor Cognitive Motor Disorder (MCMD) (PDF). This form of HIV-related dementia is milder than full-blown ADC. Some of the symptoms include: 1 Difficulty concentrating. 2 Forgetfulness. 3 Slowed movements. 4 Changes in personality", "1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. 2 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV/AIDS encephalopathy. Dementia Due to HIV Infection Overview. Decline in mental processes is a common complication of HIV infection (and many other conditions). 1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC.", "1 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV/AIDS encephalopathy. 2 Common symptoms include decline in thinking, or “ cognitive ,” functions such as memory, reasoning, judgment, concentration, and problem solving. Dementia Due to HIV Infection Overview. Decline in mental processes is a common complication of HIV infection (and many other conditions). 1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. 2 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV/AIDS encephalopathy", "AIDS dementia complex (ADC) , or HIV-associated dementia (HAD), occurs primarily in persons with more advanced HIV infection. Symptoms include encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), behavioral changes, and a gradual decline in cognitive function, including trouble with concentration, memory, and attention. ", "Infectious Disease. HIV-associated dementia (HAD) can occur in people who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. HAD damages the brain’s white matter and leads to a type of dementia associated with memory problems, social withdrawal, and trouble concentrating. ", "Decline in mental processes is a common complication of HIV infection. 1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. 2 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV /AIDS encephalopathy. 1 Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. 2 Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV /AIDS encephalopathy.", "HIV encephalopathy is an infection that spreads throughout the brain. It is one cause of dementia in people infected with HIV. The greater the spread of infection in the brain, the worse the dementia symptoms become. AIDS dementia is also called AIDS dementia complex or HIV-associated dementia. It is a serious consequence of HIV infection and is typically seen in advanced stages of the disease." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/dementia-hiv-infection?print=true", "https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/staying-healthy-with-hiv-aids/potential-related-health-problems/dementia/", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dementia_due_to_hiv_infection/article_em.htm", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dementia_due_to_hiv_infection/article_em.htm", "http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/aids/detail_aids.htm", "https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/dementias/other-conditions-cause-dementia", "http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/dementia-hiv-infection?print=true", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=134&ContentID=97" ] }

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[ "Around 30 Gallons", "Beef cow may drink around 15 to 20 gallons per day" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Lactating dairy cattle will drink 25 to 30 gallons (95 to 114 litres) of water per day (some bigger and heavier producing cows will drink up to or around 50 gallons [189 l … itres] per day), however, a dry dairy cow will drink 10 to 20 gallons (37 to 75 litres) of water per day. found this useful. ", "Heat-The body temperature of a cow is 101.5 degrees Farenheit (38.6 degrees Celsius). Milk-Female cows produce an average of 8 gallons (30.1 liters) per day, but may range from 4 to 20 gallons (15.1-7.5 liters). A gallon of milk weighs 8.6 lbs. In 1880 the average cow produced 2,003 lbs. (909 kg)of milk per year. In 1982 the average cow produced 12,316 lbs. (5,591 kg) of milk per year. Water-A heavy producing dairy cow may drink as much as 35 gal. (132.5 liters) of water daily in addition to moisture in her feed, silage, or grass. Grass-A cow grazes by curling her tongue around the grass and cutting it off with her lower teeth and a slight upward movement of her head. She will eat about 100 lbs.", "At 50 degrees, a cow may consume about five to seven gallons per day, but the amount increases by 0.4 gallons per day for every one-degree increase in air temperature. At 95 degrees, the same cow will drink an average of twenty-four gallons per day. Cows with water available within 800 feet at all times drank fifteen percent more water daily than those that traveled over 800 feet to get water (Gerrish and Davis, 1999). ", "Following are some thumb rules on water intake that may be helpful. 1 Daily water intake may vary from 3 to 30 gallons per day depending on age, body size (weight), stage of production and the environment (mainly air temperature). 1 As a rule of thumb, consumption will range from 1 gallon per 100 pounds of body weight during cold weather to nearly 2 gallons per 100 pounds of body during the hottest weather.", "The average horse will intake 5 to 10 gallons of fresh water per day. Just like humans different horses crave or need different water amount intakes. A horse deprived of feed, but supplied drinking water, is capable of surviving 20 to 25 days. ", "So a 1000 lb lactating beef cow may drink around 15 to 20 gallons per day, whereas a 1000 lb lactating dairy cow may drink around 30 to 40 gallons a day. If a certain feed is higher in salt content than another, a bovine will drink more water to counteract the amount of salt that is found in the feed. These factors include: Lactating cows tend to drink 3% more in body weight per day than other types of cattle that are non-lactating nor ever lactate. Bulls may drink a little more and calves and younger animals tend to drink less, since the larger the bovine the more water it will consume.", "1 Daily water intake may vary from 3 to 30 gallons per day depending on age, body size (weight), stage of production and the environment (mainly air temperature). 1 As a rule of thumb, consumption will range from 1 gallon per 100 pounds of body weight during cold weather to nearly 2 gallons per 100 pounds of body during the hottest weather.", "Typically a bovine will consume 7 to 10% of it's body weight in water per day. In contrast, is common knowledge is that a cow (typically a lactating dairy cow) will drink around 25 to 50 gallons (95 to 190 litres) of water per day. However, these numbers only account for lactating dairy cows, not all cattle in general. These factors include: Lactating cows tend to drink 3% more in body weight per day than other types of cattle that are non-lactating nor ever lactate. Bulls may drink a little more and calves and younger animals tend to drink less, since the larger the bovine the more water it will consume." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_water_does_a_non_dairy_cow_drink_a_day", "http://fergusonfoundation.org/lessons/cow_in_out/cowmoreinfo.shtml", "http://www.noble.org/Ag/Livestock/WaterConcerns/", "http://beef.unl.edu/amountwatercowsdrink", "http://extension.psu.edu/animals/equine/news/2012/how-much-drinking-water-does-your-horse-need", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_water_do_cattle_drink_per_day", "http://beef.unl.edu/amountwatercowsdrink", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_water_do_cattle_drink_per_day" ] }

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[ "Start your school-based traineeship by attending school three days a week, spending one day at a registered training organisation and one day at work." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Height and weight. To be a Qantas flight attendant you must be between 163cm and 183cm. There are no strict rules regarding waistlines, but cabin crew must have “weight in proportion to height”. They must be able to sit in the jump seat without an extended seat belt and fit through the emergency exit window. It may be tempting to think they have an easy job, but in reality it takes a lot to become a flight attendant. Oh, and passenger meltdowns, emergency situations, gruelling grooming rules and long shifts are all in a day's work.", "11%. Overall employment of animal care and service workers is projected to grow 15 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than the average for all occupations. Employment growth coupled with high job turnover should result in very good job opportunities for candidates for most positions. ", "The course usually takes 12 months (2 semesters) full time study to complete. If you are interested in horse care, you may wish to consider the Certificate II in Equine Industry. It is offered at Central West TAFE (Geraldton campus). If you are still at school you may be able to access a traineeship through your school. You generally start your school-based traineeship by attending school three days a week, spending one day at a registered training organisation and one day at work.", "In most workplaces, there is a great deal of contact with the public. Back to top Salary details Salary detailsAccording to industry, animal attendants and trainers can expect to earn approximately $800.00 per week (full-time and before tax). If you are still at school you may be able to access a traineeship through your school. You generally start your school-based traineeship by attending school three days a week, spending one day at a registered training organisation and one day at work.", "Working conditions. Animal attendants work in a variety of different workplaces such as veterinary clinics, pet shops, zoos, stables, animal shelters, wildlife parks and reserves, and research facilities. They may work indoors or outdoors, in all weather conditions. If you are still at school you may be able to access a traineeship through your school. You generally start your school-based traineeship by attending school three days a week, spending one day at a registered training organisation and one day at work.", "1 There is no numerical weight requirement, but many airlines do a visual assessment, looking at weight in proportion to height. 2 In the 1960s, flight attendants were required to be females of a certain weight, and to retire before they reached a certain age. 1 It's essential that you pass the training period in order to move into full-time status as a flight attendant. 2 If you do not pass, your contract will be revoked. 3 You may reapply after six months to a year, depending on the airline policy.", "Airlines also require that flight attendants be able to sit in a seat and buckle the seat belt comfortably. 1 The height range for most airlines is between 5’0” - 5’ 1” and 5’8” - 6’3”. 2 Some airlines do not have height requirements, but instead require that you be able to reach a certain height. 1 It's essential that you pass the training period in order to move into full-time status as a flight attendant. 2 If you do not pass, your contract will be revoked. 3 You may reapply after six months to a year, depending on the airline policy.", "All flight attendants make the same thing at a particular airline. One airline may start at $14.40 an hour and the other airline may start at $17 with yearly increases thereafter. Also, at least at my airline, there are quarterly bonuses where a flight attendant may get an additional $100. There is no additional pay if you are college degreed. Then you get in your car and make it back home and settle in your bed and your cell phone rings. It's Crew Scheduling ... good morning (again), we need you to be at the airport at 10:00. We have a flight for you to Toledo.. Toledo is only a 45 minute car ride from Detroit.", "Well, that is how some people come to be flight attendants, but look at a new-hire class at any airline and you will find people from all walks of life, and many varied backgrounds and life histories. ", "Attendants usually fly 75 to 90 hours a month and generally spend another 50 hours a month on the ground, preparing flights, writing reports, and waiting for aircraft to arrive. On average, they spend about two to three nights a week away from home. The median annual wage for flight attendants was $37,240 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $27,240, and the top 10 percent earned more than $66,460." ], "url": [ "http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/what-it-really-takes-to-be-a-flight-attendant/story-e6frfq80-1226482690135", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/personal-care-and-service/animal-care-and-service-workers.htm", "http://careercentre.dtwd.wa.gov.au/occupations/Pages/animal-attendants-and-trainers-nec.aspx", "http://careercentre.dtwd.wa.gov.au/occupations/Pages/animal-attendants-and-trainers-nec.aspx", "http://careercentre.dtwd.wa.gov.au/occupations/Pages/animal-attendants-and-trainers-nec.aspx", "http://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Flight-Attendant", "http://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Flight-Attendant", "http://www.payscale.com/career-news/2007/08/name-sherri-bla", "http://jetcareers.com/perspectives/125-perspectives-amber-smith-flight-attendant.html", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Transportation-and-Material-Moving/Flight-attendants.htm" ] }

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[ "T-score = 50 + [10 x ((raw score – mean)/SD)]." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ ". To find the Z score of a sample, you'll need to find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the sample. To calculate the z-score, you will find the difference between a value in the sample and the mean, and divide it by the standard deviation.", "The Formula for T Scores. T scores allow a person to calculate various statistics within a specific sample. For example, a t score can be used to calculate whether the estimate of a sample mean should be rejected or not. The t score can also be used to test various hypotheses about samples, such as whether a person's gender is relevant to SAT scores.", "Standard score also known as z-score, z-values. It is a statistical measurement of a score's relationship to the mean in a group of scores. It can be positive or negative value. In this calculator, you can calculate the z-value from the sample mean and the sample standard deviation.", "Use the following format to find a z-score: z = X - μ / σ. This formula allows you to calculate a z-score for any data point in your sample. 1 Remember, a z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a data point is away from the mean. 2 In the formula X represents the figure you want to examine.", "You use a t-score—also known as a Student's t-distribution—when you want to estimate a population statistic, such as the mean, or compare two groups of data. The t-score gives good results from small samples as long as the sample data form a bell-shaped curve when graphed.", "The average interval for the population is expected to be 300 days, but you find that your sample has a mean interval of 290 days and a standard deviation of 50 days. The t-score is then (290–300)/(50/15^0.5) or –0.775.", "The T-Score Formula. The t-score is a fraction. The numerator is the sample's mean minus mean of the group you are comparing the sample to, and the denominator is the sample's standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.", "The formula for calculating a T-score is: T-score = 50 + [10 x ((raw score – mean)/SD)]. The mean and SD for a pre-clinical course are based on students taking the course during the same offering (time period). For clerkships, the mean and SD are based on active students applying for residency in the same year." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Z-Scores", "http://classroom.synonym.com/formula-t-scores-2460.html", "http://easycalculation.com/statistics/z-score-standard.php", "http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Z-Scores", "http://www.ehow.com/how_5135749_calculate-t_score.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_5135749_calculate-t_score.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_5135749_calculate-t_score.html", "http://www.uab.edu/medicine/home/current-students/policies-procedures/raw-scores-t-scores-and-ranking" ] }

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[ "Beautiful flower", "Beautiful flower" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ayanna /ayan-na/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced ay-AHN-ah. It is of Kiswahili origin, and the meaning of Ayanna is beautiful flower. Also an invented name based on Anna. Kreatif forms: Ayanda, Ayanra, Ayanva. (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the baby name popularity of Ayanna for girls. Ayanna was first listed in 1970-1979 and reached its top position of #362 in the U.S. in the year 2003, and is presently at #896. (Top 1000 Baby Names Statistics, 2014)", "Ayana /ay-ana/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name. Ayana's root is Kiswahili, and the meaning of the name Ayana is beautiful flower. Ayana is an alternate spelling of Ayanna (Kiswahili). Compare surname Awana. Below is a charted comparison of the popularity of the girl name Ayana and associated names. Aiyana (#845 in 2014) , Aiyanna and Ayanna (#896) are the prominent alternative forms of Ayana listed in the Top 1000.", "This doesn't mean that the name Ayanna is not popular in other countries all over the world. The name might be popular in other countries, in different languages, or even in a different alphabet, as we use the characters from the Latin alphabet to display the data. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Ayanna and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. The history and meaning of the name Ayanna is fascinating, learn more about it.", "Here are pictures of people with the name Ayanna. Help us put a face to the name by uploading your pictures to BabyNames.com! ", "Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Ayanna and its name origin or of any other name in our database. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Ayanna and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. The history and meaning of the name Ayanna is fascinating, learn more about it.", "This fluid creation echoes the sound of classic American names in a modern form. While Ayanna's feminine style sounds universal, the name has African roots and has been used almost exclusively by African Americans. From The Baby Name Wizard by Laura Wattenberg.", "Meaning & History. Possibly means flower in Amharic; in 'The Book of African Names' (1991), linguist Molefi Asante lists Ayanna as an Eastern African feminine name meaning this is a beautiful flower. It has been used among African-Americans and Jamaicans for at least 50 years. Possibly means flower in Amharic; in 'The Book of African Names' (1991), linguist Molefi Asante lists Ayanna as an Eastern African feminine name meaning this is a beautiful flower", "ਅਯਾਨ੍ਨਾ; അയാന്നാ; অযান্না; ಅಯಾನ್ನಾ; અયાન્ના; அயாந்நா; అయాన్నా. Name Ayanna generally means Innocent or Mirror, is of Indian origin, Name Ayanna is a Feminine (or Girl) name. Person with name Ayanna are mainly Hindu by religion. » Definition of name 'Ayanna'. » Origin of name 'Ayanna'. » Gender of name 'Ayanna'. » Rashi of name 'Ayanna'. » Auspicious stones for 'Ayanna'. » Religion of name 'Ayanna'. » List of names similar to 'Ayanna'. » Variant" ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Ayanna", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Ayana", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/ayanna/", "http://www.babynames.com/name/AYANNA", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/ayanna/", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/ayanna", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/ayanna/submitted", "http://www.indiachildnames.com/name.aspx?name=Ayanna" ] }

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[ "The flute was heard to have originated in a cave near Ulm in Germany. but many scientists thought that the first flute was a bear bone." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "They are calling it the Ice Age flute and saying it came from the first peoples that came to Europe 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. A four holed flute made from a femur bone of a bear was found in a cave in France. Flutes have been found in tombs in Egypt and depicted on pyramid walls. Clay flutes and whistles have been dug up in the cornfields of the Mayan peoples of Guatemala. One wonders if the ancient Jiaju Crane flute made from the wing bone of ancient cranes may have come from an Ancient Chinese Restaurant. Clay pan pipes and human bone quenas were found in the Andes. We also find double flutes depicted on ancient Greek vases.", "Flute History. While the term flute refers to a broad number of instruments which are found in many different cultures, we will be exploring the history of our modern flute. There are many names for this special kind of flute. These names include: cross flute, German flute, transverse flute and flauto traverso. ", "the flute was heard to have originated in a cave near Ulm in Germany. but many scientists thought that the first flute was a bear bone. the first flute was found in a cave and … was made out of a vultures wing bone. somewhere about 30,000 years ago, but this is when the first flute was made. It was a carved bone and was found in a cave in northern France. Don't know about the concer … t flute. 1 person found this useful.", "The Origin of the Flute. (from The Native American Flute Book by Bob Edgar). told by Carol Proudfoot-Edgar. Ancient stories and stone carvings indicate that the flute, like the drum and rattle, has been made and played for tens of thousands of years. These instruments have always been considered gifts from the Spirits. Oral tradition often conveys the circumstances under which these gifts came to the peopl", "Carved of bone about 30,000 years ago and found in a cave in northern France, the instrument had an unknown number of holes when intact. Music, an integral part of the Cro-Magnon world, was laden with spiritual meaning. Newsweek, Nov '86. About 5,000 years ago the first real flute, carved out of bone was made. This flute was more like a recorder. In China around 3,000 years ago, the first flute that you hold sideways was created. It is also said that the Egyptians had flutes before that. A Piccolo's range is one octave higher. The flute is a part of a lot of cultures today. Over in England the Irish Flute and the Penny Wistle are played. Here in the United States you can see all types of Flutes, everything from American Indian to Silver Flutes.", "It is also said that the Egyptians had flutes before that. Flutes came from recorders and were once made of wood. In this 1900's the first silver flute was made. Beethoven was the first major composer to include Piccolo's in a composition. somewhere about 30,000 years ago, but this is when the first flute was made. It was a carved bone and was found in a cave in northern France. Don't know about the concer … t flute. 1 person found this useful.", "From the 16th century on the flute developed into the modern flute which we know nowadays. In that time the flute was made in one piece and still didn't have any keys at all. About 1670 the flute became more and more popular. The flute was made in three pieces and got its first key: The d sharp key, which we still have on the modern flute; it is the key for your right little finger. This flute is nowadays called the barock flute. There used to be many intonation problems on the flute. These flutes were used during hunting and in magic rituals. Later on flutes are found which were made of wood or bamboo. All flutes used to have only holes. You could hold a flute to the left or right side and there were even flutes you could hold straight like a recorder.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. the flute was heard to have originated in a cave near Ulm in Germany. but many scientists thought that the first flute was a bear bone. the first flute was found in a cave and was made out of a vultures wing bone. Flutes came from recorders and were once made of wood. In this 1900's the first silver flute was made. Beethoven was the first major composer to include Piccolo's in a composition. 5 people found this useful. 1 Finding Flute Lessons Online You might have your heart set on learning to play the flute." ], "url": [ "http://eriktheflutemaker.com/blogs/articles/8140743-history-of-the-flute", "http://www.gemeinhardt.com/connect/gemeinhardt-education/flute-history.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_flute_originate", "http://www.shamanicvisions.com/music-folder/fluteorigin.html", "http://fluteinfo.com/Doc/Origin.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_flute_originate", "http://flutekids.eu/en/historyflute_en.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_flutes_originate" ] }

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[ "Normandy" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Alternatively, a Hugh de Montgomery is given as the earl's father by a Norman chronicler writing in the next generation and some have hypothesized an error whereby Hugh is actually father of the elder Roger. Moreover, the name is still used as a surname in France as Gommery, from the older first name Gomeri.", "In some cases, the surname of modern Montgomerys is probably derived from this Welsh place name (the Scottish Montgomerys for example). Seventeen counties in the United States of America as well as districts, neighbourhoods and streets around the world, have been named for people named Montgomery. Moreover, the name is still used as a surname in France as Gommery, from the older first name Gomeri.", "English Meaning: The name Montgomery is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Montgomery is: From the wealthy man's mountain. American Meaning: The name Montgomery is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Montgomery is: From the wealthy man's mountain. French Meaning: The name Montgomery is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Montgomery is: Mountain belonging to the ruler. Surname of numerous English and Scottish earls. Scottish Meaning: The name Montgomery is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Montgomery is: From Montgomerie. Shakespearean Meaning: The name Montgomery is a Shakespearean baby name. In Shakespearean the meaning of the name Montgomery is: King Henry the Sixth, Part III' Sir John Montgomery. ", "The first recorded spelling of the family name comes from the Domesday book of Staffordshire and was written as Hugo de Montgomeri, and was dated 1086. The name is originally derived from ancient castle of Saint Foi de Montgomery in the diocese of Lisieux, Normandy, or from St. Germain de Montgomery in Calvados. Confidence votes 4. It came form England Scotland and Northern Ireland; however it is originally from Normandy and for all ethnic purposes would be considered French. Roger De Montgomery was a Norman (French) nobleman, he helped to plan the invasion of England in 1066.", "It is of Old French origin, and the meaning of Montgomery is Gomeric's hill. Gomeric was a German personal name meaning power of man. A surname of English and Scottish earls. Actor Montgomery Clift. Montgomery is a rare first name for males but a very popular surname for both adults and children (#246 out of 150436, Top 1%). (2000 U.S. Census). Shown below is the baby name popularity of Montgomery for boys", "Montgomery Name Meaning. English, Scottish, and northern Irish (of Norman origin): habitational name from a place in Calvados, France, so named from Old French mont ‘hill’ + a Germanic personal name composed of the elements guma ‘man’ + ric ‘power’. ", "The name is first recorded in England in the latter half of the 11th Century, (see below). Roger de Montgomery, a Norman nobleman who took part in planning the Invasion of England in 1066, was created Earl of Arundel and granted vast estates in Sussex circa 1067. This is one of the most distinguished Anglo-Scottish surnames. It is of French locational origin from the ancient castle of Saint Foi de Montgomery in the diocese of Lisieux, Normandy, or from St. Germain de Montgomery in Calvados.", "Montgomery or Montgomerie is a surname from a place name in Normandy. Moreover, the name is still used as a surname in France as Gommery, from the older first name Gomeri." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_(name)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_(name)", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/montgomery", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_country_did_the_last_name_Montgomery_come_from", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Montgomery", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=montgomery", "http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Montgomery", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_(name)" ] }

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[ "It is the avoidance of compromise for financial (or other) gain." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "integrity noun [U]. › the ​quality of being honest and having ​strong moral ​principles that you ​refuse to ​change: He was a journalist of immense ​skill and integrity. › the ​quality of being whole and complete: They do not ​independently ​check the integrity of the ​data that ​companies ​send to them. integrity noun [U] (HONESTY). C2 approving the ​quality of being ​honest and having ​strong ​moral ​principles that you ​refuse to ​change: No one ​doubted that the ​president was a man of the ​highest", "Full Definition of INTEGRITY. 1. : firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values: incorruptibility. 2. : an unimpaired condition: soundness. 3. : the quality or state of being complete or undivided: completeness. See integrity defined for English-language learners. See integrity defined for kids. Examples of INTEGRITY. 1 He's a man of the highest integrity. 2 I admire her artistic integrity. 3 She had the integrity to refuse to compromise on matters of principle. 4 Without music, the film loses its integrity. 5 They are trying to preserve the cultural integrity of the community.", "Artistic integrity is the avoidance of compromise for financial (or other) gain. If what you create is modified to suit a market, you have compromised your integrity. That simple. Self produced indie musicians versus major label pop pawns.... There is nothing wrong with creating works that are commercially successful and something you can achieve both but when you start creating work that you don't particular like just to make money or get an audience then you have lost your artistic", "For other uses, see Integrity (disambiguation) . Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness. It is generally a personal choice to uphold oneself to consistent moral and ethical standards. In ethics, integrity is regarded by many people as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions. The word integrity evolved from the Latin adjective integer, meaning whole or complete. In this context, integrity is the inner sense of wholeness deriving from qualities such as honesty and consistency of character.", "I Google searched Artistic Integrity and found a few unsettling answers. -That a true artist would sell their work for little or no money, so that they would have all the integrity in the world. -That it is a highly politicized term. -An artist doesn't compromise themselves for profit. -Being too picky about where an artist invests their interest", "You can have information and ease of use and have artistic integrity at the same time. The art of being a good Web designer is getting yourself into that middle ground and treating it as a final destination instead of as a compromise. 0 up, 1 down. favorite. ", "When used as a virtue term, ‘integrity’ refers to a quality of a person's character; however, there are other uses of the term. One may speak of the integrity of a wilderness region or an ecosystem, a computerized database, a defense system, a work of art, and so on. A number of accounts have been advanced, the most important of them being: (i) integrity as the integration of self; (ii) integrity as maintenance of identity; (iii) integrity as standing for something; (iv) integrity as moral purpose; and (v) integrity as a virtue. These accounts are reviewed below.", "Your art work is your own style. You don't take ideas and try to turn them into your own. Your style is what you put together. In Webster's Dictionary, integrity means uprightness of character; honesty, or state of being complete or undivided.. Source(s): Webster's Dictionary. my art teacher looked at my work and said 'finally somebody who has artistic integrity' or something like that, and i was just wondering what it means??.." ], "url": [ "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/integrity", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/integrity", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090228222038AAbkCcN", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrity", "http://wecreateartwithheart.blogspot.com/2012/12/what-is-artistic-integrity.html", "http://www.searchquotes.com/search/Artistic_Integrity/", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/integrity/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080514093821AAZPVju" ] }

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[ "150 mg." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Dosage. The usual dose of Amitriptyline for pain management is between 10 mg to 150 mg, normally given at bedtime. The health care provider generally starts on a lower dose. In general, it may take up to 2 weeks or more for the patient to start feeling better.", "Initial Dosage for Adults: For outpatients 75 mg of amitriptyline HCl a day in divided doses is usually satisfactory. If necessary, this may be increased to a total of 150 mg per day. Increases are made preferably in the late afternoon and/or bedtime doses.", "Generally, Elavil should be started at a low dosage (especially in the elderly) and increased slowly, if necessary. The maximum dose for most people is 150 mg total daily. People who are in the hospital can take up to 300 mg per day.", "Maintenance: The usual maintenance dosage of amitriptyline HCl is 50 to 100 mg per day. In some patients 40 mg per day is sufficient. For maintenance therapy the total daily dosage may be given in a single dose preferably at bedtime.", "For treating depression, the starting dose is amitriptyline 75 mg total daily (divided into two or three smaller doses). Or instead of several doses a day, the starting dose can be amitriptyline 50 mg to 100 mg once a day at bedtime. The dose can be increased slowly if necessary. A starting dose of up to 100 mg is acceptable for people who are in the hospital.", "When treating depression, the starting dose of Elavil is 75 mg total daily (divided into two or three smaller doses). Or, instead of several doses a day, the starting dosage can be 50 mg to 100 mg, taken once a day at bedtime. Your Elavil dosage can be increased slowly, if necessary.", "Most often, amitriptyline should be administered at a low dosage and slowly increased if need be. The maximum daily dosage for the majority of individuals is 150 mg. However, those who are patients in the hospital might consume up to 300 mg daily." ], "url": [ "http://www.londonpainclinic.com/medication/amitriptyline/", "http://www.rxlist.com/elavil-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://mental-health.emedtv.com/elavil/elavil-dosage.html", "http://www.rxlist.com/elavil-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://depression.emedtv.com/amitriptyline/amitriptyline-dosage.html", "http://mental-health.emedtv.com/elavil/elavil-dosage.html", "http://www.healthguideinfo.com/neurological-disorders/p110940/" ] }

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[ "A starch made from cassava roots, usually processed as beads or flakes and used for puddings and as a thickening agent in cooking." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Details. Tapioca flour, also known as tapioca starch, is a starchy white flour that has a slight sweet flavor to it. Tapioca flour is an alternative to traditional wheat flours and has a variety of uses in baking. The flour is made from the starch extracted from the South American cassava plant. ", "(October 2010). Tapioca pudding (similar to sago pudding) is a sweet pudding made with tapioca and either milk or cream. Coconut milk is also used in cases in which the flavor is preferred or in areas in which it is a commonplace ingredient for cooking.", "Carbs and Other Macronutrients. A 1/2-cup serving of uncooked tapioca pearls has 272 calories, which is over 10 percent of the daily caloric intake for those on a 2,000-calorie diet. The same size serving also contains minimal amounts of protein and fat, as well as 0.7 grams of dietary fiber. Photo Credit kumdinpitak/iStock/Getty Images. Tapioca, most commonly used in pudding, is a starch made from the root of the cassava plant. It can be purchased as granules, flakes and powders, although it's most commonly available in the form of little round balls.", "tapioca. n. 1. (Cookery) a beadlike starch obtained from cassava root, used in cooking as a thickening agent, esp in puddings. [C18: via Portuguese from Tupi tipioca pressed-out juice, from tipi residue + ok to squeeze out]. tap·i·o·ca. n. 1. A starch made from cassava roots, usually processed as beads or flakes and used for puddings and as a thickening agent in cooking. 2. A dish, especially a pudding, made from this starch.", "Where Tapioca Comes From. In the harsh climate and thin soil of the world's tropical regions, starchy, sustaining foods such as potatoes and grains often grow poorly. The staple crop in these regions is manioc, or cassava, a plant producing edible green leaves and large, starch-rich tubers. ", "How to Purchase Tapioca. Tapioca is most often sold in pearl form, which can range in size anywhere from one millimeter to 8 millimeters in diameter. Smaller tapioca pearls are usually used for puddings, while the larger pearls are generally used to boba tea. ", "Full Definition of TAPIOCA. 1. : a usually granular preparation of cassava starch used especially in puddings and as a thickening in liquid food; also: a dish (as pudding) containing tapioca. 2. : cassava. See tapioca defined for English-language learners. See tapioca defined for kids. ", "cassava, manioc-cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca. cassava, cassava starch, manioc, manioca-a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics. Translations. tap·i·o·ca. n. 1. A starch made from cassava roots, usually processed as beads or flakes and used for puddings and as a thickening agent in cooking. 2. A dish, especially a pudding, made from this starch.", "4.8 out of 5 stars. Also known as tapioca starch, tapioca flour is a gluten-free baking ingredient and an ideal thickening agent. Use tapioca for thickening a wide variety of baked goods, sauces, and desserts. The root can be processed into tapioca pearls, tapioca sticks, tapioca flakes, and tapioca flour. Tapioca flour is one of the most popular thickeners, and rightly so." ], "url": [ "http://www.bobsredmill.com/tapioca-flour.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapioca_pudding", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/509033-the-health-benefits-of-tapioca/", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tapioca", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefit-tapioca-starch-11220.html", "http://foodreference.about.com/od/Food-Additives/a/What-Is-Tapioca.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tapioca", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tapioca", "https://nuts.com/cookingbaking/tapioca/flour.html" ] }

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[ "It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Transcription. Definition. noun. It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases. Supplement", "Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. ", "Definition. noun. A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA. Supplement.", "During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript. Transcription proceeds in the following general steps: 1 One or more sigma factor protein binds to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, allowing it to bind to promoter DNA. 1 One or more sigma factor protein binds to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, allowing it to bind to promoter DNA. 2 RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. 3 This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.", "3. : the process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA — compare translation 2, reverse transcription. — tran·scrip·tion·al \\-shnəl, -shə-nəl\\ adjective. — tran·scrip·tion·al·ly adverb. : the process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA—compare reverse transcription, translation. — tran·scrip·tion·al \\-shnəl, -shən-", "The newly formed mRNA copies of the gene then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation. Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site. Together, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex.", "Medical Definition of TRANSCRIPTION. : the process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA—compare reverse transcription, translation. — tran·scrip·tion·al \\-shnəl, -shən-əl\\ adjective. — tran·scrip·tion·al·ly \\-ē\\ adverb", "See also: RNA, protein synthesis. User Contributions / Comments: Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases.", "Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site. Together, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex.", "Transcription: Making an RNA copy from a sequence of DNA (a gene). Transcription is the first step in gene expression. " ], "url": [ "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Transcription", "http://www.atdbio.com/content/14/Transcription-Translation-and-Replication", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Translation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transcription", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/transcription-DNA-transcription-87", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transcription", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Transcription", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/transcription-DNA-transcription-87", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5835" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An annual salary is an agreement about the amount of pay for work over a 12 month period. They are often included in employment contracts. An employer and employee can agree that an annual salary covers entitlements like: 1 minimum weekly wages. 2 penalties. 3 overtime. 4 allowances. 5 annual leave loading. ", "The employee received more than $115,000 in pay for the preceding year. An award is not a qualified plan award if the average cost of all the employee achievement awards given during the tax year (that would be qualified plan awards except for this limit) is more than $400. To figure this average cost, ignore awards of nominal value. You can choose to ignore test (2) if the employee was not also in the top 20% of employees ranked by pay for the preceding year. $400 for awards that are not qualified plan awards. $1,600 for all awards, whether or not qualified plan awards. A qualified plan award is an achievement award given as part of an established written plan or program that does not favor highly compensated employees as to eligibility or benefits", "An Accountant earns an average salary of AU$54,988 per year. A skill in Financial Analysis is associated with high pay for this job. People in this job generally don't have more than 20 years' experience. Total Pay (?XTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicable", "This is a limit on the amount of contributions that can be made to your account through a salary reduction agreement. A salary reduction agreement is an agreement between you and your employer that allows for a portion of your compensation to be directly invested in a 403(b) account on your behalf. If a doctor works for a hospital 12 months of a year except for a 1-month vacation, the doctor will be considered as employed for a full year if the other doctors at that hospital also work 11 months of the year with a 1-month vacation.", "Unlike a qualified plan, where benefits are segregated from the employer's general assets, your deferred compensation deferred into the NQDC remains the employer's general assets and is subject to potential loss. Take an executive earning $500,000 a year: The $18,000 limit on annual 401(k) contributions represents only 3.6% of his or her annual income. At that rate, the executive could never save enough (pretax) to make up the typical 70%–90% replacement income goal for retirement.", "A non-qualified annuity is not part of an employer provided retirement program and may be purchased by any individual or entity. Contributions to non-qualified annuities are made with after-tax dollars and are not deductible from gross income for income tax purposes. For the purposes of this article, we will limit further discussion to non-qualified annuities.", "If your employer offers a nonqualified deferred compensation (NQDC) plan, you might want to explore this option. NQDC plans allow executives to defer a much larger portion of their compensation, and to defer taxes on the money until the deferral is paid. That said, NQDC plans aren’t for everyone. Take an executive earning $500,000 a year: The $18,000 limit on annual 401(k) contributions represents only 3.6% of his or her annual income. At that rate, the executive could never save enough (pretax) to make up the typical 70%–90% replacement income goal for retirement.", "Example. Jason was employed as a full-time instructor by a local college for the 4 months of the 2014 spring semester (February 2014 through May 2014). The annual work period for the college is 8 months (February through May and July through October). If a doctor works for a hospital 12 months of a year except for a 1-month vacation, the doctor will be considered as employed for a full year if the other doctors at that hospital also work 11 months of the year with a 1-month vacation.", "Under the general limit on elective deferrals, the most that can be contributed to your 403(b) account through a salary reduction agreement is $17,500 for 2014 and $18,000 for 2015. If a doctor works for a hospital 12 months of a year except for a 1-month vacation, the doctor will be considered as employed for a full year if the other doctors at that hospital also work 11 months of the year with a 1-month vacation." ], "url": [ "http://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay/minimum-wages/salary-payments", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p535/ch02.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Job=Accountant/Salary", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p571/ch04.html", "https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/retirement/nqdc", "https://www.immediateannuities.com/taxation-of-annuities/", "https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/retirement/nqdc", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p571/ch04.html", "https://www.irs.gov/publications/p571/ch04.html" ] }

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[ "A stone of love and gentleness" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Peruvian opal is a relatively rare gemstone that originates from The Andes in peru. Its is the colour of the caribbean sea-blues and greens, and translucent. The colour does vary depending on how the gemstone has been cut, sometimes it can be a vibrant turquoise blue, and others it can be a clear stone. ", "Pink Peruvian Opal is a stone of love and gentleness. It brings energies of gentle love and kindness to both romantic relationships and relationships of other kinds. As with other opals, it also brings inspiration, imagination and creativity. It can help release inhibitions and brings happy dreams. It also eases the process of change. Physically, pink Peruvian opal is helpful for eyesight, heart disease and injury, Parkinson's disease, lungs, and spleen. Note that healing crystal meanings are spiritual supports to healing and are not prescriptions or healthcare information", "Andean Opal or Peruvian Opal-Common Opal from the Andes Mountains of Peru; translucent to opaque, soft pastel blue, blue-green or pink with a pearly sheen, sometimes cut to include the black or beige matrix in the more opaque stones. ", "See Peruvian blue opal jewelry. Peruvian blue opal is relatively rare and is only found in the Andes mountains near San Patricio, Peru. It is a very translucent stone with color similar to the Caribbean Sea", "Precious opal ranges from clear through white, gray, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, magenta, rose, pink, slate, olive, brown, and black. Of these hues, the black opals are the most rare, whereas white and greens are the most common. Opals redirects here. For other uses, see Opals (disambiguation) . Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica; its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%.", "Peruvian opal (also called blue opal) is a semiopaque to opaque blue-green stone found in Peru, which is often cut to include the matrix in the more opaque stones. It does not display pleochroism. Blue opal also comes from Oregon in the Owhyee region, as well as from Nevada around Virgin Valley. Opals redirects here. For other uses, see Opals (disambiguation) . Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica; its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%.", "Peruvian Blue and Pink Opal. While we stock many precious and semi-precious stones from around the world, Peruvian Opal is our flagship product. There are 3 grades of Peruvian Opal: First quality, second-third quality and mine run. It is mined in Ica, Peru. The first quality is an even color, good top color for cabochons. Fire Opal. Fire opal is a crystal opal that actually has different colors inside the stone or a color play of fire inside a yellow, white, green, or red crystal base. Much of fire opal today has no fire in the stone and is a colored crystal opal. In past times, this was actually lower grade material.", "Precious opal is very rare and found in a limited number of locations worldwide. Most precious opal has been mined in Australia, secondary sources include: Mexico, Brazil, and the United States. Canada, Honduras, Indonesia, Zambia, Guatemala, Poland, Peru, New Zealand and Ethiopia. Opal is a very common material that is found throughout the world. Most of this opal is common opal or potch which has a milky or pearly luster known as opalescence. However, rare specimens of opal produce brilliant color flashes when turned in the light. These color flashes are known as a play-of-color.", "In the case of pink opal it is colored by a clay that surrounds it or it is usually found in, a mineral called palygorskite. Peruvian Pink Opal has a hardness of 6 versus Peruvian Blue Opal which is 5.5 hardness; making the pink opal some of the hardest opal in the world. Some pink opal also comes from Mexico and some other places in the world. Fire Opal. Fire opal is a crystal opal that actually has different colors inside the stone or a color play of fire inside a yellow, white, green, or red crystal base. Much of fire opal today has no fire in the stone and is a colored crystal opal. In past times, this was actually lower grade material.", "Some of the world's most beautiful common opal is produced in Peru. Common opal lacks a play of color but it can be cut into colorful cabochons. Peruvian opal provides an excellent example. The blue and pink stone in the photographs at right were cut from rough material mined in Peru. The blue stone is a teardrop-shaped cabochon that is about 13 millimeters by 8 millimeters and weighs 2.3 carats. The pink beads show a range of color and are about 4 millimeters in diameter." ], "url": [ "http://www.jewellery-art.co.uk/peruvian-opal-meanings.html", "http://meanings.crystalsandjewelry.com/pink-peruvian-opal", "http://www.crystalvaults.com/crystal-encyclopedia/opal", "http://www.bernardine.com/gemstones/perv-opal.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal", "http://perublueopal.myshopify.com/pages/about-peruvian-opal", "http://geology.com/gemstones/opal/", "http://perublueopal.myshopify.com/pages/about-peruvian-opal", "http://geology.com/gemstones/opal/peruvian-opal.shtml" ] }

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[ "White pulp and red pulp." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The spleen (from Greek σπλήν — splḗn) is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells (also referred to as erythrocytes) and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock, and also recycles iron. 1 In humans, up to a cup (236.5 ml) of red blood cells can be held in the spleen and released in cases of hypovolemia. 2 It can store platelets in case of an emergency and also clears old platelets from the circulation.", "The spleen is found on the left side of your body, behind the stomach on a level with the 9th to 11th ribs. It is similar in structure to a lymph node, and is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. The spleen contains two main types of tissue-white pulp and red pulp. White pulp is lymphatic tissue (material which is part of the immune system) mainly made up of white blood cells. Red pulp is made up of venous sinuses (blood-filled cavities) and splenic cords. Splenic cords are special tissues which contain different types of red and white blood cells. Blood flows into the spleen where it enters the white pulp. Here, white blood cells called B and T cells screen the blood flowing through. The spleen is an organ about the size of a clenched fist found on the left-hand side of your upper abdomen. Its main functions are to filter your blood, create new blood cells and store platelets. It is also a key part of your body's immune system.", "Red Pulp. The hematogenous red pulp is (with the white pulp) one of two types of tissue within the spleen making up the splenic pulp. For this reason, most of the immune system work of the spleen occurs within the red pulp. This red pulp is made up of splenic cords (also called the cords of ... Click to read more below", "Two types of spleen tissue: red pulp and white pulp. The spleen is composed of two primary regions namely, red pulp and white pulp. The red pulp makes up for little more than three-fourth of the spleen. ", "There two main types of tissue in the spleen are specialised for its two main functions: White pulp contains lymphoid aggregations, mostly lymphocytes, and macrophages which are arranged around the arteries. The lymphocytes are both T (mainly T-helper) and B-cells. The spleen is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the bod, and is found between stomach and diaphragm. Like the lymph nodes, it also has a hilus (hilium) which is where the major blood vessels enter and leave.", "The red pulp of the spleen is composed of connective tissue known as the cords of Billroth and many splenic sinuses that are engorged with blood, giving it a red color. Its primary function is to filter the blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood cells. The spleen is made of red pulp and white pulp, separated by the marginal zone; 76-79% of a normal spleen is red pulp.", "The spleen consists of two types of tissue: red pulp and white pulp. White pulp is lymphatic tissue that mainly consists of lymphocytes called B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes that surround arteries. Red pulp consists of venous sinuses and splenic cords. ", "Connective Tissue is the most diverse and abundant tissue type. Connective tissue makes up a variety of physical structures including, tendons, blood, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and lymphatic tissue. Main classes of connective tissue. 1 Connective tissue proper. 2 Cartilage. 3 Bone. 4 Blood. By Antranik 5 Comments. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen", "http://patient.info/health/the-spleen", "http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/immune-lymphatic/red-pulp", "http://www.laparoscopic.md/digestion/spleen", "http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/lymphoid/lymph_spleen.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_pulp", "http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/spleen.htm", "http://antranik.org/connective-tissue-basics/" ] }

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[ "1 Dry your feet, including the area between your toes, thoroughly after bathing or showering. 2 Use over-the-counter foot powder. 3 Sprinkle it onto your feet and into your shoes to absorb moisture." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Your doctor can treat warts with: 1 Cryotherapy. 2 For more information, see Other Treatment. 3 Medicines, such as retinoid cream, cantharidin, or imiquimod. 4 Surgery, such as electrosurgery and curettage and laser surgery. 5 Chemical peels with glycolic acid, tretinoin, or a stronger formula of salicylic acid.", "Plantar warts are hard, grainy growths that usually appear on the heels or balls of your feet, areas that feel the most pressure. This pressure also may cause plantar warts to grow inward beneath a hard, thick layer of skin (callus). Plantar warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).", "Warts and Plantar Warts-Treatment Overview. Not all warts need to be treated. They generally go away on their own within months or years. This may be because, with time, your immune system is able to destroy the human papillomavirus that causes warts. You may decide to treat a wart if it is:", "1 Types of warts include common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, periungual warts, and filiform warts. 2 Warts typically disappear on their own with time, but it may take years. 3 Warts respond variably to a variety of treatment measures.", "1 Warts typically disappear on their own with time, but it may take years. 2 Warts respond variably to a variety of treatment measures. 3 Over-the-counter treatments for warts include salicylic-acid preparations and freezing kits. 4 Warts may recur following treatment.", "Common warts are small, grainy skin growths that occur most often on your fingers or hands. Rough to the touch, common warts also often feature a pattern of tiny black dots — sometimes called seeds — which are small, clotted blood vessels.", "Wart facts. 1 Warts are small, self-limited tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 2 Types of warts include common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, periungual warts, and filiform warts. 3 Warts typically disappear on their own with time, but it may take years.", "One of the most important elements of treating warts at home is keeping your feet dry. To accomplish this: 1 Dry your feet, including the area between your toes, thoroughly after bathing or showering. 2 Use over-the-counter foot powder. 3 Sprinkle it onto your feet and into your shoes to absorb moisture. 4 Wear absorbent socks.", "1 Warts are small, self-limited tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 2 Types of warts include common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, periungual warts, and filiform warts. 3 Warts typically disappear on their own with time, but it may take years. 4 Warts respond variably to a variety of treatment measures." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/warts-and-plantar-warts-treatment-overview", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/basics/definition/CON-20025706", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/warts-and-plantar-warts-treatment-overview", "http://www.medicinenet.com/warts_common_warts/article.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/warts_common_warts/article.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/basics/definition/CON-20021715", "http://www.medicinenet.com/warts_common_warts/article.htm", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/musculoskeletal/everyday-foot-problems9.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/warts_common_warts/article.htm" ] }

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[ "24 to 30 inches" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can expect orange to red peppers that are 1 inch to 2 inches wide and 2 inches to 3 inches high. The pepper plants themselves grow up to 4 feet high and do well when they are at least 36 inches apart from each other in the ground. When you touch these dented, cone-shaped peppers, wear gloves to protect yourself from the burn. Ghost chillies are larger plants that can grow up to 5′ wide and tall, so if you put them in the ground and take care of them well, you can expect to see about 300 peppers. In containers, you might see anywhere from 20 to 80 chillies and again, it depends on how well you care for them.", "Peppers come in almost endless shapes and colors. Pepper is a common name given to plants of different genus and species, including the vine pepper of India (Piper nigrum) -- from which we derive ordinary black and white pepper for the table. However, the plants most gardeners associate with that name are the colorful chilies and bells collectively called Capsicum. However, some of the smaller plants -- especially those grown as ornamentals or potted plants -- may be as small as 1 foot tall and less than 2 feet wide, while larger varieties may grow to a height of 4 feet with similar spread.", "If rainbow colors are your thing, plant some bell peppers. You can get a color burst of peppers from one variety. 'Islander' is a chameleon, turning green, yellow, purple, orange, and red. Good rows grow good plants. We plant peppers in two rows per bed, with the rows 12 in. apart and the plants 18 in. apart in the row. This promotes good air flow among the plants for disease control and high production from a small area.", "Plant Size and Spacing. Jalapeno pepper plants grow 24 to 30 inches tall and16 to 18 inches wide. Space the plants 12 to 18 inches apart in full sun. All pepper plants belong to the same species and can cross-pollinate. Plant different types of peppers at least 50 feet apart if you plan to harvest seeds for replanting. ", "Best Answer: Depending on the variety, most pepper plants grown outdoors will measure 2 to 3 feet tall. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plant... Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Depending on the variety, most pepper plants grown outdoors will measure 2 to 3 feet tall. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plant... CALIFORNIA WONDER is a popular bell pepper & produces in 75 days.", "This Site Might Help You. RE: How tall are bell pepper plants supposed to get? With the exception of a Mexibell plant, all of my pepper plants are only about 15-18 inches tall. They have been in the ground since April. ", "How big do pepper plants get. Ok, ,out in my garden, got some pepper plants from HD, and discovered, that I MIGHT have space for another row or two of other stuff next to the peppers. never grown sweet peppers before, so I have no idea how big they get, or how close I can plant other stuff. Calif golden, yolo, I think-HD plants. Re: How big do pepper plants get. I did get a giant marconi from Lowes from all places, only reason I got it, cuz I saw train's pics-it'll be interesting to see how big it grows! Also got a california gold, and some other unnamed peppers-tags got lost.", "The beautifully colored 4 inch fruits weigh 6 ounces each, and grow on plants that are 24 to 30 inches tall: http://www.heirloomseeds.com/pepper.htm http://www.crosmanseed.com/pepper.htm Greenhouse pepper cultivars generally have an indeterminate pattern of growth. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: Depending on the variety, most pepper plants grown outdoors will measure 2 to 3 feet tall. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plant... CALIFORNIA WONDER is a popular bell pepper & produces in 75 days." ], "url": [ "http://growhotpeppers.com/ghost-pepper-plants-grow-one-of-the-hottest-peppers-on-earth/", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-pepper-plant-live-big-get-74826.html", "http://www.vegetablegardener.com/item/2655/how-to-grow-bell-peppers/page/all", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/big-jalapeno-plants-get-66590.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080402201702AACKz2N", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080722104114AA00xyR", "http://www.idigmygarden.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18646", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080402201702AACKz2N" ] }

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[ "Bile juice are produced by liver. it plays a major role in digestion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion. Bile is a complex fluid containing water, electrolytes and a battery of organic molecules including bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and bilirubin that flows through the biliary tract into the small intestine. There are two fundamentally important functions of bile in all species:", "View More. the function of bile is to emulsify fats. Bile(produced by the liver) breaks fat particles into smaller ones. it has 3 main functions-. 1. DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS-bile salts, major constituents of bile, help in fat digestion in 2 ways-.", "Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion. Bile is a complex fluid containing water, electrolytes and a battery of organic molecules including bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and bilirubin that flows through the biliary tract into the small intestine. There are two fundamentally important functions of bile in all species:", "The common bile duct is a small, tube-like structure formed where the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join. Its physiological role is to carry bile from the gallbladder and empty it into the upper part of the small intestine (the duodenum). The common bile duct is part of the biliary system.", "The pancreas and bile duct (biliary) systems together form an important part of the digestive system. The pancreas and liver produce juices (pancreatic juice and bile) which help in the process of digestion (i.e. the breakdown of foods into parts which can be absorbed easily and used by the body).", "Bile is a digestive juice that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It has two important functions 1 : Assists with fat digestion and absorption in the gut. 2 Is a means for the body to excrete waste products from the blood.", "bile juice are produced by liver. it plays a major role in digestion. fats are present in large globules which makes it difficult for enzymes to act on them. bile salt break them down into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action." ], "url": [ "http://biology.about.com/library/organs/bldigestliver3.htm", "http://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/write-five-functions-of-bile-juice/science/2484234", "http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/common-bile-duct", "http://www.ddc.musc.edu/public/organs/pancreas.html", "http://www.healthhype.com/what-is-bile-production-function-salts-storage-secretion.html", "http://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/write-five-functions-of-bile-juice/science/2484234" ] }

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[ "Because their DNA is completely destroyed so it take time to repair it" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How chemotherapy kills cancer cells. Chemotherapy kills cells that are in the process of splitting into 2 new cells. This is how normal body tissues grow. But cancer cells divide much more often than normal cells, so they are more likely to be killed by chemotherapy.", "Cancer Cells Arise from Stem Cells. Stem cells are distinguished from other cells by two characteristics: (1) they can divide to produce copies of themselves, or self-renew, under appropriate conditions and (2) they are pluripotent, or able to differentiate into most, if not all, mature cell types.", "Sign in to receive recommendations (Learn more). Radiation therapy uses a special kind of high-energy beam to damage cancer cells. (Other types of energy beams include light and X-rays.) These high-energy beams, which are invisible to the human eye, damage a cell’s DNA, the material that cells use to divide. Over time, the radiation damages cells that are in the path of its beam — normal cells as well as", "Because cancer cells divide much more often than most normal cells, they are more likely to be killed by chemotherapy. Some chemotherapy drugs kill dividing cells by damaging the part of the cell's control centre that makes it divide. Other chemotherapy drugs interrupt chemical processes involved in cell division.", "Radiotherapy is a treatment involving the use of high-energy radiation. It's commonly used to treat cancer. Almost half of all people with cancer have radiotherapy as part of their treatment plan.", "Radiation therapy kills cancer cells that are dividing, but it also affects dividing cells of normal tissues. The damage to normal cells causes unwanted side effects. Radiation therapy is always a balance between destroying the cancer cells and minimizing damage to the normal cells.", "How it works. The high-energy radiation used during radiotherapy permanently damages the DNA of cancer cells, causing them to die. Nearby healthy tissues also suffer temporary cell damage from radiation, but these cells are usually able to repair the DNA damage and continue growing normally.", "In normal cells, hundreds of genes intricately control the process of cell division. Normal growth requires a balance between the activity of those genes that promote cell proliferation and those that suppress it. It also relies on the activities of genes that signal when damaged cells should undergo apoptosis." ], "url": [ "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/chemotherapy/about/how-chemotherapy-works", "http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/Regenerative_Medicine/pages/2006chapter9.aspx", "http://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/radiation/how_works", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/chemotherapy/about/how-chemotherapy-works", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Radiotherapy/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/radiation/radiationtherapyprinciples/radiation-therapy-principles-how-does-radiation-work", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Radiotherapy/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-division-and-cancer-14046590" ] }

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[ "It is a unique formulation with active ingredients being polycarboxylates which softens hard water, preventing limescale from forming in the first place." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Calgon Carbon Corporation is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based company that manufactures and markets products that remove contaminants and odors from liquids and gases, both for industrial, municipal, and consumer markets.", "Calgon Water Softener contains the active ingredients zeolite and polycarboxylate, which interact with the hard water ions in water to prevent them from forming limescale or interfering with soap lathering. You simply add Calgon – which comes in liquid and powder form – on top of your laundry detergent.", "Calgon has a unique formulation with active ingredients being polycarboxylates which softens hard water, preventing limescale from forming in the first place. It is not a descaler, it is purely a preventative-which means that the sooner you introduce Calgon into your daily washing routine, the better!", "1 Calgon water softener, sold to Reckitt Benckiser. 2 Calgonit is the brand name of Reckitt Benckiser's dishwasher detergent sold in Continental Europe. 3 Calgon bath and beauty products, sold to Coty, Inc. , and then acquired by Ascendia Brands on 9 February 2007.", "Hard water is the culprit responsible for limescale related washing machine breakdown, and rough feeling laundry. But don't despair, you don't have to be a hard water victim, fight back with Calgon. Original formula Calgon Powder fights hard water damage before it starts.", "The brands have their origin in Calgon, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which first put Calgon water softener on the market in 1933. It was acquired by Merck in 1968 and later broken up and sold off. Calgon was broken into: 1 Calgon water softener, sold to Reckitt Benckiser. 2 Calgonit is the brand name of Reckitt Benckiser's dishwasher detergent sold in Continental Europe. 3 Calgon bath and beauty products, sold to Coty, Inc. , and then acquired by Ascendia Brands on 9 February 2007.", "Definition of CALGON. —used for a sodium phosphate glass that approximates a sodium metaphosphate in composition and is used chiefly in water softening, in detergents, in tanning leather, and in deflocculating suspensions. ADVERTISEMENT." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgon_Carbon_Corporation", "http://www.saltlesswater.com/calgon-water-softener/", "http://www.calgon.co.uk/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgon", "http://www.calgon.co.uk/product.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgon", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Calgon" ] }

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[ "Professional painters charge $1,500-$3,000 and if home is up to 3,500 square feet should be charge $5,500." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Holes, missing pieces or other problems will increase the overall cost of the painting project. You can expect to pay between $700 (~250 sq. ft.) and $2,000 (~1,000 sq. ft.) to paint wood siding, but this project will also help to protect the home's exterior from more extensive repairs down the road.", "1 Taking that into consideration, good paint costs between $15 and $30 per gallon, and very high-end paints costs about $35-$75 per gallon. 2 So, depending on the quality of paint you choose, it can cost as little as $300 or as much as $1,500 just for the paint on this size of home.", "1 Power washer: This is often the tool of choice to clean the home's exterior and remove loose and flaking paint during preparation. 2 You can purchase a good one for a couple hundred dollars or rent one for $50-$100 per day. 3 Painting pros will normally include the cost of their power washer in their labor fees.", "Interior paint jobs usually cost between $400 and $5,000. Exterior paint jobs usually cost between $2,400-$8,700. Now, to break down the cost of painting a house… Costs are based on the assumption that walls and ceiling are in “pretty good” condition and only need minor hole filling and caulking before painting.", "1 However, it's possible to paint a large, two-story house for materials-only costs of $400-$600. 2 When hiring a painting contractor, paint and supplies make up about 15-25 percent of the cost, while 75-85 percent goes for labor.", "1 So, depending on the quality of paint you choose, it can cost as little as $300 or as much as $1,500 just for the paint on this size of home. 2 Painting labor: This is the part of a house-painting job that carries the most weight on the price tag.", "On average, cost of basic single coat of paint application on walls and ceiling in one 150 ft 2 bedroom vary from $125 to $165 excluding paint expenses and actual prices will be determined by a number of factors.", "1 When hiring a painting contractor, paint and supplies make up about 15-25 percent of the cost, while 75-85 percent goes for labor. 2 Costs typically average $1,500-$3,000 for an average single-story, three-bedroom home, but easily run $3,000-$5,500 or more for a multi-story or multi-level larger house.", "1 Professional painters will typically charge $1,500-$3,000 to paint an average single-story home. 2 However, if your home is up to 3,500 square feet with multiple levels, you can expect to pay $5,500 or more for exterior painting labor.", "1 Exterior paint averages $25-$40 a gallon, and a 3,000-square-foot home takes 15 or more gallons of paint, or $375-$600 just for the paint." ], "url": [ "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/painting/paint-a-home-exterior/", "http://www.kudzu.com/article/How-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-home-exterior-id8612", "http://www.kudzu.com/article/How-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-home-exterior-id8612", "http://www.ericwelchpainting.com/painters-blog/2013/1/22/how-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-your-house.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/painting-exterior.html", "http://www.kudzu.com/article/How-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-home-exterior-id8612", "http://rempros.com/installation-prices/how_much_paint_house.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/painting-exterior.html", "http://www.kudzu.com/article/How-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-home-exterior-id8612", "http://home.costhelper.com/painting-exterior.html" ] }

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[ "Is found from Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia to southeast India" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "“I should mention a very nice 'Lavender Lady' (L. angustifolia), which was a 1994 All-America Selections winner. It grows easily from seed and, if started in February, will have a fast growing attractive blooming plant the first summer,” advises McGee. “Lavender is a sturdy soldier and gives so much, asking very little in return.”. So, if your first attempt at growing lavender was less than successful, try again this spring. Whether you treat lavender like an annual or perennial depends on your location, both the zone and garden placement.", "Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 39 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found from Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia to southeast India. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an essential oil with sweet overtones, and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications.", "The origin of Lavender is believed to be from the Mediterranean, Middle East and India. Its history goes back some 2500 years. Lavender is a flowering plant of the mint family known for its beauty, its sweet floral fragrance and its multiple uses. ", "'Hidcote' has very dark flowers on compact plants 16 inches tall and 18 inches wide. It blooms in late spring and may rebloom in the same season. Pictured: 'Hidcote Giant'. 'Lady', a Zone 6 seed-grown variety (other lavenders originate as cuttings), is the only lavender to reliably bloom its first summer. So even if it isn't hardy where you live, you can grow it as an annual that reaches 16 inches tall. ", "Lavender is a tough plant and is extremely drought resistant, once established. However when first starting you lavender plants, don't be afraid to give them a handful of compost in the planting hole and to keep them regularly watered during their first growing season. Like many plants grown for their essential oils, a lean soil will encourage a higher concentration of oils. An alkaline, or especially chalky, soil will enhance lavenders fragrance. While you can grow lavender in USDA Hardiness Zone 5, it is unlikely you will ever have a lavender hedge.", "The most common form in cultivation is the common or English lavender Lavandula angustifolia (formerly named L. officinalis). A wide range of cultivars can be found. Other commonly grown ornamental species are L. stoechas, L. dentata, and L. multifida (Egyptian lavender). English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an essential oil with sweet overtones, and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications.", "Vera Lavender or Lavender Vera is thought to be the true English Lavender. Also called True Lavender or Fine Lavender, the best quality oil comes from plants grown at altitudes between 2500 and 4500 feet on the sides of mountains in central Europe. ", "1 Growing lavender from cuttings usually yields more usable lavender sooner, and many gardeners agree that it is much easier to do than growing lavender from seed. 2 Lavender can be harvested after the first year for decorative arrangements, culinary purposes, aromatherapy, and homeopathic medicines. 3. Prune the lavender. Lavender grows slowly during the first year, and most of the plant's energy goes toward root development and vegetative growth. You should encourage this process by cutting off any flowering stems once the first buds begin to open during the first growing season.", "Containers. You can always grow your lavender in pots and move it to follow the sun or even bring it indoors for the winter. Although lavender has a large, spreading root system, it prefers growing in a tight space. A pot that can accommodate the root ball with a couple of inches to spare would be a good choice. Like many plants grown for their essential oils, a lean soil will encourage a higher concentration of oils. An alkaline, or especially chalky, soil will enhance lavenders fragrance. While you can grow lavender in USDA Hardiness Zone 5, it is unlikely you will ever have a lavender hedge." ], "url": [ "http://www.motherearthliving.com/in-the-garden/how-to-grow-lavender-plants.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavandula", "http://www.lavendersense.com/index.php/Lavender/Index", "http://www.midwestliving.com/garden/flowers/how-to-grow-lavender/", "http://gardening.about.com/od/perennials/a/Lavender.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavandula", "http://www.mountainvalleygrowers.com/lavendercareandtips.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Lavender-from-Seed", "http://gardening.about.com/od/perennials/a/Lavender.htm" ] }

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[ "Soil that is made from a material called peat that is a pile up of dead vegetation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Peat Moss Uses. Gardeners use peat moss mainly as a soil amendment or ingredient in potting soil. It has an acid pH, so it’s ideal for acid loving plants, such as blueberries and camellias. For plants that like a more alkaline soil, compost may be a better choice. Peat moss is dead fibrous material that forms when mosses and other living material decompose in peat bogs. The difference between peat moss and the compost gardeners make in their backyard is that peat moss is composed mostly of moss and the decomposition happens in the absence of air, which slows the decomposition.", "Report Abuse. peat soil is soil that is made from a material called peat that is a pile up of dead vegetation. If you leave a wood log in the ground it decays and years later you get peat soil. It's bad because it's a non renewable resource like trees. It takes 1000s of years for peat soil to build back up. ", "In a peat profile there is a fossilized record of changes over time in the vegetation, pollen, spores, animals (from microscopic to the giant elk), and archaeological remains that have been deposited in place, as well as pollen, spores and particles brought in by wind and weather. Depending on the agency, peat is not generally regarded as a renewable source of energy, as its extraction rate in industrialized countries far exceeds its slow regrowth rate of 1 mm per year, and as peat regrowth is also reported to take place in only 30-40% of peatlands.", "Peat Moss. Peat moss is partially decomposed sphagnum moss plants, which are harvested from peat bogs. While peat moss is brown, like soil, it has a different texture and weight: it's light and spongy and crumbles into tiny splinters. It is difficult to wet, but once wet it retains water like a sponge, meaning it reduces drainage of water from soil. Soil-Based Mixes. Potting soil, or soil-based potting mix, is made from soil with other ingredients added. These other ingredients may include fertilizer, wetting agents to retain moisture, peat moss or perlite (or a similar material to increase soil porosity).", "With a pH around 4.0, sphagnum peat moss is a great soil amendment for acid-loving plants such as azaleas and blueberries. When planting acid-loving plants, mix sphagnum peat moss with soil at a 50/50 ratio in the planting hole and apply a 2-inch layer over the soil surface. The peat helps to lower the soil's pH, allowing the plants to absorb nutrients such as iron.", "Peat (turf) is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands or mires. Depending on the agency, peat is not generally regarded as a renewable source of energy, as its extraction rate in industrialized countries far exceeds its slow regrowth rate of 1 mm per year, and as peat regrowth is also reported to take place in only 30-40% of peatlands.", "Peat is a heterogeneous mixture of more or less decomposed plant (humus) material that has accumulated in a water-saturated environment and in the absence of oxygen. Its structure ranges from more or less decomposed plant remains to a fine amorphic, colloidal mass. ", "Peat moss is used as a soil conditioner that, when mixed into soil in a garden or a container, will improve the soil's structure. Peat moss lightens heavy soils, adds weight and structure to lighter, sandier soils, helps it to retain moisture longer and improves the soil's ability to support root growth and expansion. ", "Spongy brown peat moss is a well-known gardening and farming material used to amend soil. With its increased water retention and nutrient properties, adding soil peat moss has many benefits, but it should not be used in balanced or acidic soil or for plants that prefer an alkaline environment. When mixed into a soil mixture as an amendment, peat moss is a viable source of organic matter. An acidic additive to the soil, peat moss is best used to reduce the potential of hydrogen (pH) of an alkaline soil environment. Plants which thrive in an acidic soil can benefit from soil with peat moss.", "Many potting mixes are based on a combination of soil and peat moss. Soils and potting mixes can seem very confusing to the novice gardener, as there are so many different choices available. An important point to remember is that most plants are so adaptable, they can survive in just about any mix. Soil-Based Mixes. Potting soil, or soil-based potting mix, is made from soil with other ingredients added. These other ingredients may include fertilizer, wetting agents to retain moisture, peat moss or perlite (or a similar material to increase soil porosity)." ], "url": [ "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/peat-moss-information.htm", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120405125829AACNCMH", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/difference-between-peat-moss-potting-soil-46589.html", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/newsrel/2003/apr03/apr0304.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat", "http://www.peatsociety.org/peatlands-and-peat/what-peat", "http://www.gardenguides.com/125120-peat-moss-vs-potting-soil.html", "http://www.gardenguides.com/122654-soil-peat-moss.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/difference-between-peat-moss-potting-soil-46589.html" ] }

[]

[ "Xylem transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves, while phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The specialized structures in vascular plants transport water and minerals is the xylem vessels. There are two types of transport tissue and they are the xylem and phloem.", "Xylem and Phloem. xylem. In vascular plants, water and minerals are transported by xylem cells. xylem. plants dont have tissues as such. but the veins transport water and neutrience in a plant, the phleom carries glucose and the xylem carries water. Vascular tissue, specifically, xylem. the xylem carries water and the phloem carries nutrients.", "Xylem transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves, while phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the leaves, which results in more water being drawn up from the roots.", "The vascular tissue system is composed of the xylem (transport of water and dissolved minerals) and phloem (transport of food-usually sucrose and other sugars-, nitrogen containing compounds, and hormones). The xylem and phloem in the primary plant body are usually closely associated in the form of vascular bundles.", "The products of photosynthesis are transported by phloem. xylem Xylem and Phloem xylem I … n vascular plants, water and minerals are transported by xylem cells. xylem plants dont have tissues as such. but the veins transport water and neutrience in a plant, the phleom carries glucose and the xylem carries water. Vascular tissue, specifically, xylem. the xylem carries water and the phloem carries nutrients xylem xylem xylem Xylem Tissue The vascular tissue called xylem. Xylem." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_plants_vascular_tissue_made_of_dead_cells_that_transport_water_and_minerals_from_its_roots_is_called", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_vascular_tissue_at_transports_water_and_minerals_in_plants", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_aqa/transport_systems/transport_in_plants/revision/1/", "http://facweb.furman.edu/~lthompson/bgy34/plantanatomy/plant_cells.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_plants_vascular_tissue_made_of_dead_cells_that_transport_water_and_minerals_from_its_roots_is_called" ] }

[]

[ "Reddish brown" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Arizona is known as the Copper State. 2 The Copper River or Ahtna River (Ahtna Athabascan ‘Atna’tuu) is a 300-mile (480 km) river in south-central Alaska. 3 Copper Country is an area in the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, an area which at one time was the world's greatest producer of copper. 1 Copper Country is an area in the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, an area which at one time was the world's greatest producer of copper. 2 Copper City is a village in Houghton County, Michigan.", "Copper is a reddish brown color that resembles the metal copper. The first recorded use of copper as a color name in English was in 1594. 1 Copper Country is an area in the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, an area which at one time was the world's greatest producer of copper. 2 Copper City is a village in Houghton County, Michigan.", "Copper carbonate powder is a bluish green. When colorless sulphuric acid is added, the resulting solution has a slightly diluted color and a bunch of bubbles appear, makin … g the color a lighter bluish green. ", "Soft Copper Ombre’. Still one of the hottest color trends, ombre’ is beautiful when you pair a deeper shade of copper red with a slightly lighter copper gold. Best Skin Tone and Hair Type: Light to medium skin tones that look great in shades of pink and green wear this color nicely. Deep copper with highlights of soft light copper recreate a beautiful sunset and will keep the attention on you long after the sun sets! Best Skin Tone and Hair Type: Fair to light skin tones that look great in greens and coral wear this color fantastically.", "Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite and turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris (or patina).", "At right is displayed the color copper penny. Copper penny is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Silver Swirls, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 1990. 1 Copper Country is an area in the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, an area which at one time was the world's greatest producer of copper. 2 Copper City is a village in Houghton County, Michigan.", "Copper is one of the most important metals. Copper is reddish with a bright metallic lustre. It is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity (second only to silver in electrical conductivity). Its alloys, brass and bronze, are very important. Monel and gun metals also contain copper. Copper appears in the periodic table at the top of Group 11 above silver and gold. Collectively these are sometimes referred to as the coinage metals, although in modern times these metals are used less frequently than in the past.", "At right is displayed the color copper red. The first recorded use of copper red as a color name in English was in 1590. The source of this color is: ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Copper Red (color sample #39). 1 Copper Country is an area in the northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, an area which at one time was the world's greatest producer of copper. 2 Copper City is a village in Houghton County, Michigan.", "Copper hair is a broad term for so many variations of hair color. From fiery copper to soft strawberry, deep ginger to copper penny, copper hair will draw attention and turn heads everywhere you go! Picking the right combo will brighten your skin and give life to your tresses. Deep copper with highlights of soft light copper recreate a beautiful sunset and will keep the attention on you long after the sun sets! Best Skin Tone and Hair Type: Fair to light skin tones that look great in greens and coral wear this color fantastically." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_(color)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_(color)", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_colour_is_copper_carbonate", "http://www.latest-hairstyles.com/color/copper.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_(color)", "http://www.webelements.com/copper/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_(color)", "http://www.latest-hairstyles.com/color/copper.html" ] }

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[ "Any of various compounds that combine with metals to form chelates and that include some used medically in the treatment of metal poisoning (as by lead)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Chelation therapy is a chemical process in which a synthetic solution-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)-is injected into the bloodstream to remove heavy metals and/or minerals from the body. Chelation means to grab or to bind.. When EDTA is injected into the veins, it grabs heavy metals and minerals such as lead, mercury, copper, iron, arsenic, aluminum, and calcium and removes them from the body. Except as a treatment for lead poisoning, chelation therapy is controversial and unproved. Chelation is a very effective way to treat heavy-metal poisoning. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved prescription chelation therapy for the treatment of lead poisoning. Injected EDTA binds with the harmful metal and both are then eliminated from the body through the kidneys.", "Chelation is useful in applications such as providing nutritional supplements, in chelation therapy to remove toxic metals from the body, as contrast agents in MRI scanning, in manufacturing using homogeneous catalysts, and in fertilizers. In earth science, hot chemical weathering is attributed to organic chelating agents (e.g., peptides and sugars) that extract metal ions from minerals and rocks. Some metal complexes in the environment and in nature are not found in some form of chelate ring (e.g., with a humic acid or a protein).", "Chelation (pronounced key-LAY-shun) therapy is treatment used in conventional medicine for removing heavy metals (including mercury) from the blood. It involves intravenous injections of a chelating agent, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid), a synthetic amino acid. ", "Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. According to the findings of a 1997 systematic review, EDTA chelation therapy is not effective as a treatment for coronary artery disease and this use is not approved in the United States by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).", "Definition of CHELATOR. : one that chelates; especially: a binding agent that suppresses chemical activity by forming chelates. ADVERTISEMENT.", "Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks. According to the findings of a 1997 systematic review, EDTA chelation therapy is not effective as a treatment for coronary artery disease and this use is not approved in the United States by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).", "tr.v. che·lat·ed, che·lat·ing, che·lates. 1. Chemistry To combine (a metal ion) with a chemical compound to form a ring. 2. Medicine To remove (a heavy metal, such as lead or mercury) from the bloodstream by means of a chelate, such as EDTA. che′lat·a·ble adj. 1. (Chemistry) chem a coordination compound in which a metal atom or ion is bound to a ligand at two or more points on the ligand, so as to form a heterocyclic ring containing a metal atom. adj. 2. (Zoology) zoology of or possessing chelae. 3. (Chemistry) chem of or denoting a chelate.", "Chelation therapy is a treatment that involves repeated intravenous (IV) administration of a chemical solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or EDTA. It is used to treat acute and chronic lead poisoning by pulling toxins (including heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury) from the bloodstream. For heavy metal toxicity: EDTA chelation therapy is often given intravenously with calcium, magnesium, and vitamins B and C over a period of 1 to 3 hours. The recommended adult dosage varies depending on the size of the person and the amount of lead or other metal in the body.", "In addition to their significance in living organisms, chelates are also economically important, both as products in themselves and as agents in the production of other chemicals. A chelate is a chemical compound composed of a metal ion and a chelating agent. A chelating agent is a substance whose molecules can form several bonds to a single metal ion. In other words, a chelating agent is a multidentate ligand. An example of a simple chelating agent is ethylenediamine. ethylenediamine. A single molecule of ethylenediamine can form two bonds to a transition-metal ion such as nickel(II), Ni 2+ . ", "Medical Definition of CHELATOR. : any of various compounds that combine with metals to form chelates and that include some used medically in the treatment of metal poisoning (as by lead). : one that chelates; especially: a binding agent that suppresses chemical activity by forming chelates. ADVERTISEMENT." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/balance/tc/chelation-therapy-topic-overview", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation", "http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03408/Chelation-Therapy.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chelator", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chelator", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid", "http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/Chelates/Chelates.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chelator" ] }

[]

[ "Speed of a wave is the product of the distance of the wavelength times the frequency of the wave." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A wave is defined as a disturbance which is moved medium; for example, the wave of the ocean moves in medium water and we can see the movement of wave crest from one side to the other side in a given time period. The motion of objects is described in terms of speed which shows the fastness of the object.", "The amplitude of a wave does not affect the speed at which the wave travels. Both Wave A and Wave B travel at the same speed. The speed of a wave is only altered by alterations in the properties of the medium through which it travels.", "The speed (or sometimes you might see it called velocity) of a wave, v, is how far the wave travels in a certain time. Wave speed is measured in metres per second (m/s). All the electromagnetic waves travel at 300,000,000 metres per second (3 x 10 8 m/s).", "Even though wave speed is calculated using the frequency and the wavelength, the wave speed is not dependent upon these quantities. An alteration in wavelength does not affect (i.e., change) wave speed. Rather, an alteration in wavelength affects the frequency in an inverse manner.", "Waves travel through tighter ropes at higher speeds. So while the frequency did not affect the speed of the wave, the tension in the medium (the rope) did. In fact, the speed of a wave is not dependent upon (causally affected by) properties of the wave itself.", "The speed of the wave is not affect by its wavelength and its frequency. Rather the speed of wave is not affected by the characteristics of the wave but by the characteristics of the medium in which it is traveling. So, the answer to an obvious question “ Does Frequency Affect Wave Speed “ is that the wave speed is not affected by the frequency of the wave.", "The wavelength of waves travelling with the same speed would decrease if the frequency of the waves increases. This is because, speed of a wave is the product of the dista … nce of the wavelength times the frequency of the wave.", "In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. In equation form, If the crest of an ocean wave moves a distance of 20 meters in 10 seconds, then the speed of the ocean wave is 2.0 m/s.", "The wavelength of waves travelling with the same speed would decrease if the frequency of the waves increases. This is because, speed of a wave is the product of the dista … nce of the wavelength times the frequency of the wave." ], "url": [ "http://physics.tutorvista.com/waves/wave-speed.html", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Speed-of-a-Wave", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/physics/telecommunications/communication_using_waves/revision/5/", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/The-Speed-of-Sound", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Speed-of-a-Wave", "http://physics.tutorvista.com/waves/wave-speed.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_does_changing_the_wavelength_affect_the_speed_of_a_wave", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Speed-of-a-Wave", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_does_changing_the_frequency_affect_the_wavelength" ] }

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[ "The North American Datum of 1983" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) is the horizontal control datum for the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America, based on a geocentric origin and the Geodetic Reference System 1980. This datum, NAD 83, is the current geodetic reference system. The North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) is The horizontal control datum for the United States that (was) defined by (a) location and azimuth on the Clarke spheroid of 1866, with origin at (the survey station) Meades Ranch. ... The geoidal height at Meades Ranch (was) assumed to be zero.", "The Sea Level Datum of 1929 was named the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 on May 10, 1973. (Geodetic Glossary, pp. 57) The Sea Level Datum of 1929 is a vertical control datum in the United States by the general adjustment of 1929. The North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) is The horizontal control datum for the United States that (was) defined by (a) location and azimuth on the Clarke spheroid of 1866, with origin at (the survey station) Meades Ranch. ... The geoidal height at Meades Ranch (was) assumed to be zero.", "NAD83 Canadian Spatial Reference System references the GRS 1980 ellipsoid and the Greenwich prime meridian. NAD83 Canadian Spatial Reference System origin is NAD83 Canadian Spatial Reference System is a geodetic datum for Geodetic survey. It was defined by information from Natural Resources of Canada, CSRS website", "In surveying and geodesy, a datum is a reference system or an approximation of the Earth's surface against which positional measurements are made for computing locations. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the Earth 's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. An approximate definition of sea level is the datum WGS 84, an ellipsoid, whereas a more accurate definition is Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008), using at least 2,159 spherical harmonics.", "A vertical datum is used for measuring the elevations of points on the earth's surface. They are used as a reference for specifying heights. Vertical datums are either tidal, based on sea levels, or geodetic, based on the same ellipsoid models of the earth used for computing horizontal datums. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the earth 's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums measure elevations or depths. In engineering and drafting, a datum is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object against which measurements are made.", "In surveying and geodesy, a datum is a set of reference points on the earth's surface against which position measurements are made, and (often) an associated model of the shape of the earth (reference ellipsoid) to define a geographic coordinate system. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the earth 's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums measure elevations or depths. In engineering and drafting, a datum is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object against which measurements are made.", "A Geodetic datum or geodetic system is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used to locate places on the Earth (or similar objects). An approximate definition of sea level is the datum WGS 84, an ellipsoid, whereas a more accurate definition is Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008), using at least 2,159 spherical harmonics.", "The Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 A modernized Reference for Heights Height System Unification with GOCE 19-20 February 2013; Noordwijk, Netherlands Marc Veronneau véronneau And HuangCanadian Huangcanadian Geodetic, Survey Surveyor General. branch Slide 9 of 19 Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGVD2013) Name: Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 Abbreviation: CGVD2013 Type of datum: Gravimetric (geoid) -Vertical datum: 2W 0 = 62,636,856.0 m s 2 Realisation: Geoid model CGG2013 (ITRF2008 and NAD83(CSRS)) Type of height: Orthometric." ], "url": [ "http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml", "http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml", "http://georepository.com/datum_6140/NAD83-Canadian-Spatial-Reference-System.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum", "http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Datum_(geodesy)", "http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Datum_(geodesy)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum", "http://www.goceplushsu.eu/ext/doc/fin-meet/12-Canada_Veronneau.pdf" ] }

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[ "$14,000 per person per year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For the 2011 tax year, the exclusion on individual gifts was $13,000 for single filers and $26,000 for couples. This means you can gift up to the exclusion limit to as many people as you want in a single year and not incur any gift tax. For example, if you give someone a gift of $20,000, the first $13,000 is not taxable. The remaining $7,000 is considered to be taxable, but the tax only applies if your total gifts exceed the lifetime limit.", "2. You are allowed to give away a total of 3,000 each year, without any tax implications after your death. Bear in mind that this is the total annual amount that you can give away, NOT a total amount you can give to each beneficiary, each year. ", "Exclusions. The entire $50,000 you give isn't vulnerable to taxation. The IRS allows exclusions, a dollar limit you can give away tax-free. As of the 2012 tax year, the exclusion amount is $13,000 for each person you make a gift to. If you're married, you can double that: you and your spouse are each entitled to give away $13,000 per person. However, you can't necessarily do it without any tax implications. Unless you're helping a charity, the money you give isn't tax deductible to you, and if you give too much, you -- or your estate -- could actually end up having to pay taxes on the money you gave away.", "Annual Gift Tax Exemption. In any given year, you can give up to $13,000 per child, without incurring any kind of reporting requirement, and without any gift tax liability. If you are married, you and your spouse can each give this amount, or $26,000 total. You can give more than this amount, but if you do, you must file an IRS Form 709.", "In 2015, a taxpayer can give up to $14,000 per person per year without being taxed on the gift. For example, this year you could give Friend A $14,000, Friend B $14,000, and your sister $14,000 and not be taxed on your gifts. Also, another way for parents to avoid the gift tax is to remember that each parent is entitled to their own individual $14,000 exclusion. This means that your mother and father could each give you $14,000 this year — for a total of $28,000 — without being taxed on that gift.", "That still doesn’t mean they owe gift tax. For example, say someone gives you $20,000 in one year, and you and the giver are both single. The giver must file a gift tax return, showing an excess gift of $6,000 ($20,000 – $14,000 exclusion = $6,000). Each year, the amount a person gives other people over the annual exclusion accumulates until it reaches the lifetime gift tax exclusion.", "The short answer to the question is as much as you like.. The IRS sets no cap on the total amount of money you can give your child each year. However, there are tax consequences for gifts over a certain amount, and the IRS imposes a lifetime $5.12 million gift tax exemption as well. In any given year, you can give up to $13,000 per child, without incurring any kind of reporting requirement, and without any gift tax liability. If you are married, you and your spouse can each give this amount, or $26,000 total. You can give more than this amount, but if you do, you must file an IRS Form 709.", "Gift tax doesn't apply to little things like holiday presents and birthday gifts. In IRS terms, it applies to the $26,000 a couple can give away in one year without tax consequences. For singles, the cap is $13,000. If you give more than that amount, the excess gets subtracted from a lifetime unified credit of $5.12 million. Future gifts in excess of your cap are subject to gift tax. If you've never used your unified credit, you can give up to the cap, plus $5.12 million to a single recipient before triggering the gift tax. However, when it comes to taxes, the old saying it is better to give than receive has it backwards. The Internal Revenue Service enforces a federal gift tax to prevent very wealthy people from giving money away to avoid real estate taxes. You can give someone over $5 million before triggering a gift tax.", "A: During your lifetime, you can give away as much as $5 million without having to pay any gift tax. In addition, you can also give any person as much as $13,000 each year without any gift tax consequences. This dollar amount is known as the annual exclusion. It is indexed for inflation and increases in $1,000 increments every few years." ], "url": [ "http://budgeting.thenest.com/tax-implications-gifting-money-27350.html", "http://www.money.co.uk/guides/how-do-i-gift-money-without-being-taxed.htm", "http://finance.zacks.com/much-gift-can-give-someone-buy-house-1616.html", "http://finance.zacks.com/much-money-can-give-year-child-under-irs-law-1702.html", "http://www.moneyunder30.com/gift-tax", "http://blog.taxact.com/gift-tax-do-i-have-to-pay-gift-tax-when-someone-gives-me-money/", "http://finance.zacks.com/much-money-can-give-year-child-under-irs-law-1702.html", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/much-can-gift-someone-triggering-tax-26110.html", "http://www.chron.com/business/lipman/article/Ronald-Lipman-Give-away-a-bundle-without-tax-1688370.php" ] }

[]

[ "£72,655" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Snap-on Tools Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) states “The total investment necessary to begin operation of a Snap-on Standard Franchise will range from $150,614 to $289,080.”. The Forbes Snap-on Tools ranking is based, in part, on an incorrect and misleading investment amount. The Forbes article states that the average initial investment for the Snap-on Tools franchise is $135,390. “No way,” says Jim Lager, who owns 5 Snap-on Tools franchises. “The truck alone is $91,000.", "The 2011 Snap-on Tools FDD (SNAP-ON TOOLS Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD)) lists nearly 40 lawsuits by franchisees in the last ten years, including a class action lawsuit (settled in 2006) that cost Snap-on Tools $38 million in settlement fees, attorney fees and other costs. According to some, the franchise litigation forced Snap-on to address and fix the problems with its franchises, and become a better company. However, others contend that major problems with the viability of the franchise opportunity and the franchisor’s attitude toward its franchise owners still persist.", "Collin Gibbons, Snap-On Franchise Owner, Phoenix AZ. Snap-On just offered me a VERY limited quantity...at the best price I have EVER seen on the Torque Angle Torque Wrenches. 1/2 Inch ATECH3FR250A Normally $534.95 now $375!! The 3/8 Inch ATECH2FR100A Normally $469.95 now $330!! Collin Gibbons, Snap-On Franchise Owner, Phoenix AZ. Back by popular demand the square hard handled screwdrivers. These are normally $129.95 but now only $109.95, and in 3 colors.", "The total investment necessary to begin operation of a Snap-on Standard Franchise will range from $150,614 to $289,080 (See Item 7). This includes $82,350 to $148,770 that must be paid to Snap-on or an affiliate (See Item 5). The Forbes article states that the average initial investment for the Snap-on Tools franchise is $135,390. “No way,” says Jim Lager, who owns 5 Snap-on Tools franchises. “The truck alone is $91,000.", "1 Relatively Low Start-up Costs: As low as $16,688 for a Gateway Franchise. 2 Snap-on Credit, LLC: Snap-on Credit has financing programs available that may meet your initial investment needs. 3 Not Tied to Real Estate: The benefit of a mobile tool store is just that: it's mobile. With Snap-on, you are in control of your franchise. You have a weekly service requirement to meet, but you set your schedule and you manage your customer relationships. But remember, you are not alone. You will receive continued support throughout the life", "Mobile heating no snap Decision for Snap-on Tools franchise. Read more... Snap-on Tools has selected the Webasto Air Top 3900 Evo diesel powered interior heater as standard equipment for its new fleet of mobile tool store vehicles. More news from Snap-on Tools. SNAPON: EMPOWERING YOU WITH THE TOOLS FOR SUCCESS. Snap-on is the world’s number one professional tool brand. We are the leading global manufacturer and distributor of tools for the professional technician.", "Without enough working capital, says Lager, a Snap-on Tools franchisee will surely fail due to the high cost of inventory and Snap-on financing. The Forbes article states that the average initial investment for the Snap-on Tools franchise is $135,390. “No way,” says Jim Lager, who owns 5 Snap-on Tools franchises. “The truck alone is $91,000.", "Snap-on Tools UK Franchise. Snap-on Tools is the world’s number one professional tool brand. With intensive training and support from our highly experienced team, our franchisees launch and manage a ‘mobile store’ van-based business, where they deliver top quality products to technicians across their territory. More news from Snap-on Tools. SNAPON: EMPOWERING YOU WITH THE TOOLS FOR SUCCESS. Snap-on is the world’s number one professional tool brand. We are the leading global manufacturer and distributor of tools for the professional technician.", "Headquarters: Kenosha, Wisconsin. Business Description: The franchisor is Snap-on Tools Company LLC. Snap-on Incorporated is a global innovator, manufacture, and marketer of tools, diagnostics, and equipment solutions for professional users. If franchisees are current Snap-on franchisees relocating their franchise and are already participating in one or more of these programs, Snap-on Credit may allow them to continue to participate in the program under the terms, conditions and documents which it already has in place.", "The total cost of a Snap-on franchise is £72,655. You only need £16,380 to get started. Our in-house banks offers business loans to help fund the remainder of your purchase. More news from Snap-on Tools. SNAPON: EMPOWERING YOU WITH THE TOOLS FOR SUCCESS. Snap-on is the world’s number one professional tool brand. We are the leading global manufacturer and distributor of tools for the professional technician." ], "url": [ "http://www.unhappyfranchisee.com/category/franchisor/snap-on/", "http://www.unhappyfranchisee.com/snap-on-tools-franchise-complaints/", "https://www.facebook.com/pages/Collin-Gibbons-Snap-On-Franchise-Owner-Phoenix-AZ/149890788364052", "http://www.unhappyfranchisee.com/category/franchisor/snap-on/", "http://www.franchiseclique.com/franchise/Snap-on-Tools", "http://www.whichfranchise.com/franchisorPage.cfm?companyId=314", "http://www.unhappyfranchisee.com/category/franchisor/snap-on/", "http://www.whichfranchise.com/franchisorPage.cfm?companyId=314", "http://www.franchisedirect.com/automotivefranchises/snap-on-tools-franchise-07086/ufoc/", "http://www.whichfranchise.com/franchisorPage.cfm?companyId=314" ] }

[]

[ "$450 -$1,800 for 12'x25' and $11,000 -$60,000 or more for a driveway 12' wide and a quarter-mile long." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cost of Gravel Driveway. Gravel costs anywhere from $25-$30 a ton plus the additional cost for delivery – usually $50-$100 based on how far the company has to come to deliver. Around 6 tons should be enough for an average single car driveway of 12 ft x 25 ft. Cost of Gravel: $150 – $180. Delivery: $50-$100.", "1 (A cubic yard of gravel is 3'x3'x3' and weighs roughly 1.2 to 1.7 tons or more). 2 A 12'x25' single-car driveway 9 thick requires an estimated 10-14 tons, which can cost $100 -$850. 3 A 14'x100' driveway 6 thick requires about 26 tons of gravel, or $260 -$1,560 for just the stones. 1 A cubic yard of driveway-grade crushed gravel costs about $10 -$60 or more, depending on whether it is picked up by the customer at the gravel yard or delivered to the job site, and the size and type of gravel used. ( 2 A cubic yard of gravel is 3'x3'x3' and weighs roughly 1.2 to 1.7 tons or more)", "1 These prices can double for a roadway-quality driveway (geotextile fabric covered with three layers of compacted gravel, each about 3-4 thick), or $450 -$1,800 for 12'x25' and $11,000 -$60,000 or more for a driveway 12' wide and a quarter-mile long. 1 A cubic yard of driveway-grade crushed gravel costs about $10 -$60 or more, depending on whether it is picked up by the customer at the gravel yard or delivered to the job site, and the size and type of gravel used. ( 2 A cubic yard of gravel is 3'x3'x3' and weighs roughly 1.2 to 1.7 tons or more)", "1 A gravel path can cost $100 -$1,000 for do-it-yourself materials, or $300 -$2,000 or more with professional installation. 2 Complete installation of a gravel driveway starts at roughly $0.75 -$3 or more a square foot, or about $300 -$1,000 for a 12'x25' single-car driveway, 4-8 thick. 1 Small bags typically cost $2 -$8 or more, depending on size, type and location; up to five gallons of gravel can cost $3 -$9 or more.", "1 Complete installation of a driveway with a base and surface layer of compacted gravel starts at roughly $0.75 -$3 or more a square foot, or about $300 -$1,000 for a 12'x25' single-car driveway, 4-8 thick. 1 A cubic yard of driveway-grade crushed gravel costs about $10 -$60 or more, depending on whether it is picked up by the customer at the gravel yard or delivered to the job site, and the size and type of gravel used. ( 2 A cubic yard of gravel is 3'x3'x3' and weighs roughly 1.2 to 1.7 tons or more)", "1 Gravel-for the pouring of crushed stone the costs would be an average of $1.40 per square foot at a 1 depth, or a total of $420 for a delivery of stones adequate for a single 1 of coverage. 1 Complete site clearing costs between $150 to $400 per hour depending upon the machinery necessary for the job (usually including a large bull dozer); 2 Grading-sub-grading the area for a base course is going to cost roughly $28 per square yard for a total of $1876; and.", "As far as driveways are concerned, however, the creation of a durable gravel drive is usually one of the most cost-effective. For the purpose of this discussion we will consider the costs and requirements for the building of a 600 square foot driveway that is roughly 12'x50' in size. 1 Complete site clearing costs between $150 to $400 per hour depending upon the machinery necessary for the job (usually including a large bull dozer); 2 Grading-sub-grading the area for a base course is going to cost roughly $28 per square yard for a total of $1876; and.", "1 Bulk gravel can cost $6 -$75 or more a ton if it is picked up or $15 -$100 or more delivered, depending on distance delivered, location (how far the seller is from the gravel source) and the type of stone. 1 Small bags typically cost $2 -$8 or more, depending on size, type and location; up to five gallons of gravel can cost $3 -$9 or more.", "Cost. To get the cost of gravel, multiply the number of cubic feet you need by the cost per cubic foot. In the example, we need 150 cubic feet; if it costs $10 per cubic foot, then the gravel costs $1,500. If your gravel supplier sells gravel in cubic yards, divide the number of cubic feet by 27 to get the number of cubic yards, then multiply by the cost per cubic yard. Decide in inches how deep you want the gravel to be; most driveways have gravel between 3 and 8 inches deep. Convert this number to a fraction of a foot by dividing by 12. If you want gravel to a depth of 6 inches, that's .5 foot." ], "url": [ "http://www.drivewayguide.com/guides/gravel-driveway-cost-guide/", "http://home.costhelper.com/gravel-driveway.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/gravel-driveway.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/gravel.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/gravel-driveway.html", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/build-gravel-driveway", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/build-gravel-driveway", "http://home.costhelper.com/gravel.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/cost-gravel-driveway-82636.html" ] }

[]

[ "Desert (most popular) or the forest" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Cactus House Plants. Botanical Name: Cactaceae family. Cactus house plants are easy to grow and vary widely in size and shape. There are hundreds of different kinds of desert cacti, all of which are succulents.", "Submit. While there are a number of flowering cacti varieties, they can be divided into three basic types. Each shares common characteristics, such as being easy to grow, blooming at night and possessing dense flowers with sweet aromas.", "Easter Cactus-Hatiora Gaertneri. The Easter cacti is classed as a forest type cactus which has stems and leaves that grow arched over (similar to the Christmas plant), although the leaves are different when comparing both of these. The bell shaped flowers bloom in a bright red or pink within spring and look lush.", "Cactus plants grow naturally in the Americas and thrive in warm climates. They come in various shapes, sizes, colors and some even grow flowers. Because they live all year long, many cacti can be grown and kept as house and office plants.", "Then you are missing out golden opportunities to decorate your home with different types of cactus. You can grow cactus plants in very aesthetic ways inside your home. In fact, there are many types of cactus that are very well suited for decorative purposes.", "Various Types of Cactus House Plants. Cactus house plants are available in all sorts of weird and wonderful shapes, and sizes. The two type's originate from the desert (most popular) or the forest and differ in appearance and the natural habitat they thrive in, which reflects on the care needed for each of them." ], "url": [ "http://www.guide-to-houseplants.com/cactus-house-plants.html", "http://www.gardenguides.com/70294-different-types-flowering-cactus.html", "http://www.houseplantsexpert.com/cactus-house-plants.html", "http://www.gardenguides.com/115677-cactus-types-house-plants.html", "http://www.boldsky.com/home-n-garden/gardening/2013/types-cactus-grow-home-031878.html", "http://www.houseplantsexpert.com/cactus-house-plants.html" ] }

[]

[ "Sufism" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Some claim that non-Muslims can be Sufis as well (EG:, see Idries Shah, The Sufis) but this is denied by most authorities. Sufism is analogous in some senses to a pan-Islamic version of the Catholic Jesuit or Opus Dei movements with features of various monastic orders and mendicant friars such as St Francis of Assisi. Their work includes, proselytism, teaching, purity of the faith and political work as well as mysticism and introspection.", "The privatisation of mysticism – that is, the increasing tendency to locate the mystical in the psychological realm of personal experiences – serves to exclude it from political issues as social justice. The contemporary understanding of mysticism as a perennial essence developed under the influence of various modern developments, especially Perennialism, Swedenborgianism, Transcendentalism, Universalism, New Thought, neo-Vedanta, and the mass-appeal of these developments which culminated in the New Age movement.", "The term ‘mysticism,’ comes from the Greek μυω, meaning “to conceal.” In the Hellenistic world, ‘mystical’ referred to “secret” religious rituals. In early Christianity the term came to refer to “hidden” allegorical interpretations of Scriptures and to hidden presences, such as that of Jesus at the Eucharist. ", "To use the word sufism to mean a universal spirituality that pre-dates Islam is to rob the term of its meaning and to make it equivalent to the word mysticism.. Mysticism can be defined as experiential or intuitive understanding of spiritual realities beyond intellectual understanding. Others have gone to authentic Muslim sufi teachers and added to the confusion by hoping to find the roots of Gurdjieff's teachings in the Islamic sufi tradition: as a result, such seekers have been disappointed by finding merely religious Islamic mystical teachings.", "More than 35 years later his student, A.J. Arberry, in his brief introduction to the subject, Sufism (1950), similarly states that Sufism is the name given to the mysticism of Islam and the mystical movement of an uncompromising Monotheism. Sufism is analogous in some senses to a pan-Islamic version of the Catholic Jesuit or Opus Dei movements with features of various monastic orders and mendicant friars such as St Francis of Assisi. Their work includes, proselytism, teaching, purity of the faith and political work as well as mysticism and introspection.", "In modern times, mysticism has acquired a limited definition, with broad applications, as meaning the aim at the union with the Absolute, the Infinite, or God. This limited definition has been applied to a wide range of religious traditions and practices, valuing mystical experience as a key element of mysticism. The contemporary understanding of mysticism as a perennial essence developed under the influence of various modern developments, especially Perennialism, Swedenborgianism, Transcendentalism, Universalism, New Thought, neo-Vedanta, and the mass-appeal of these developments which culminated in the New Age movement.", "Sufism-Sufism (Arabic: تصوّف - tasawwuf, Turkish: tasavvuf), is the name given to a group of mystical Muslim movements. The word probably refers to wearers of woolen garments, apparently associated with the first Sufis. Sufi. Sufism is analogous in some senses to a pan-Islamic version of the Catholic Jesuit or Opus Dei movements with features of various monastic orders and mendicant friars such as St Francis of Assisi. Their work includes, proselytism, teaching, purity of the faith and political work as well as mysticism and introspection.", "{soo' - fizm}. General Information. The word Sufism, which is probably derived from the Arabic suf (wool; hence sufi, a person wearing an ascetic's woolen garment), denotes Islamic mysticism. Although outside movements have had some influence on Sufi terminology, Sufism is definitely rooted in Islam itself. Its development began in the late 7th and 8th centuries when worldliness and loose morals in ruling Umayyad circles evoked a strong reaction among certain pious persons.", "Sufism. An ascetic tradition called Sufism emphasized personal piety and mysticism and contributed to Islamic cultural diversity, and further enriched the Muslim heritage. In contrast to the legal-minded approach to Islam, Sufis emphasized spirituality as a way of knowing God. Although outside movements have had some influence on Sufi terminology, Sufism is definitely rooted in Islam itself. Its development began in the late 7th and 8th centuries when worldliness and loose morals in ruling Umayyad circles evoked a strong reaction among certain pious persons.", "Mysticism is a constellation of distinctive practices, discourses, texts, institutions, traditions, and experiences aimed at human transformation, variously defined in different traditions.. The term mysticism has Ancient Greek origins with various historically determined meanings. The contemporary understanding of mysticism as a perennial essence developed under the influence of various modern developments, especially Perennialism, Swedenborgianism, Transcendentalism, Universalism, New Thought, neo-Vedanta, and the mass-appeal of these developments which culminated in the New Age movement." ], "url": [ "http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/sufism.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mysticism/", "http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/mevlevi-vs-gurdjieffism.html", "http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/sufism.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism", "http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/sufism.htm", "http://mb-soft.com/believe/txo/sufism.htm", "http://mb-soft.com/believe/txo/sufism.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism" ] }

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[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Plastic Manhole by. Polypipe Civils Ltd. Circular manholes are commonly used for main sewers; for depths up to 1.5m, they must have a minimum diameter of 1050mm, and for anything deeper than 1.5m, the diameter has to be 1200mm. Manhole cross-section. This x-section shows a typical construction for a manhole in a residential setting, such as beneath a driveway. These polypropylene (PP) Inspection Chambers have a diameter of 450-550mm and cost around £80. Raising pieces are used to deal with deeper drains, up to a maximum of 1 metre; anything deeper than 1000mm requires a brick-built or concrete section manhole.", "You have been asked to determine the optimum number of manholes for use in your subdivision. The sewer run is 2000 feet long. The pipe has a 3 foot/100 ft drop from end to end. Pumps cost $1,200 each. Manholes cost $600 per foot^1.2. Thus a 17 foot deep manhole would cost you $600*17^1.2 = $17,975.87. The pipe costs $20/foot. Thus if the pipe segment were 400 foot long it would be embedded to an average depth of 11 feet and cost $6889.08, for a total job embedment cost of $34445.38. Minimum cover is 5 feet. Determine the optimum number of manholes to use across the property.", "The main conduit sections should not be longer than 1500 feet; however, 400- to 1000-foot lengths are more typical. To obtain these lengths, you may have to modify the conduit runs between manholes by using junction splices and the degree of curvature of the conduit. Frequently, curvatures in a run are unavoidable because of underground obstructions and sweeping street corners (corners that are not right-angled).", "You have, with little labor and time consuming cost, raised the manhole the desired height in a matter of minutes. Each unit of cast iron is built to your own specifications. You do not have to disturb the existing manhole frame. Minimum riser height equals the cover thickness plus 1/2. ", "Depending upon the siting of a building and its relationship to existing buildings, pullboxes, manholes, and duct infrastructure, a new manhole, pullbox, or duct bank may be required. Campus standards for communications require that every building provide two (2) distinct entrance routes to the campus backbone. In a common trench, the electrical and communications ducts shall be separated vertically by a minimum of six inches (6.00) with communications on top. Concrete slurry shall fill the trench to a minimum of six inches (6.00) above the communications ducts.", "The model assumes manhole spacing of 600 feet with the number of manholes at each depth corresponding to the percentage of pipe at each of the three burial depths. This results in a composite manhole cost-per-mile of sewer built into each of the different topography estimates. The most significant element of cost in a low-pressure sewer system is the cost of the grinder pumps at each dwelling unit. Other costs include the small-diameter piping and its installation. The model assumes a combination of 2-inch, 3-inch and 4-inch SDR-26 PVC pipe.", "Anthony T. Minichiello. Maximis Communications Consultants. The initial route planning of a campus underground conduit-carrying system generally provides the most direct route from the campus switching location to each building, with the minimum cost-per-foot conduit investment. To obtain these lengths, you may have to modify the conduit runs between manholes by using junction splices and the degree of curvature of the conduit. Frequently, curvatures in a run are unavoidable because of underground obstructions and sweeping street corners (corners that are not right-angled).", "The developer should give MTEMC a minimum of 24-hours notice prior to setting manholes in order for MTEMC to schedule a crew to install manhole grounding and sump wells prior to backfill and to schedule an inspector to be present during the setting of the manholes. c. Elevations for manholes are critical. ", "1.2 ECS’s Manhole Standards are a set of practices and procedures to be followed when working in ECS Manholes. These Standards include, but are not limited to, placement and maintenance activities for rope, Innerduct, Cable, Conduit, electronic devices, and apparatus cases, and the racking/storage of such Facilities. " ], "url": [ "http://www.pavingexpert.com/drain05.htm", "http://lowery.tamu.edu/cven322/HomeoworkManholes/Manholes.htm", "http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-3/contents/installation/installing-underground-conduit-in-customer-owned-outside-plant.html", "http://barrycraft.com/manhole_rings_covers.html", "https://www.commserv.ucsb.edu/infrastructure/planning/underground.asp", "http://www.wateronline.com/doc/estimating-sewer-costs-a-mathematical-model-0001", "http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-3/contents/installation/installing-underground-conduit-in-customer-owned-outside-plant.html", "http://www.mtemc.com/acrobat/underground_svc.pdf", "http://www.empirecitysubway.com/pdf/mnhle_stndrds.pdf" ] }

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[ "Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Glycogenesis is an important metabolic activity in which molecules of glucose in the body is converted to glycogen in order to be stored in the liver etc. In theory, it is defined as a process in which glucose molecules are added to glycogen chains. Before understanding the process of Glycogenesis, it is important to know what glycogen is essentially used for. Food gets assimilated in the body as glucose and gets released as energy to perform any kind of work or effort.", "When it is needed for energy, glycogen is broken down and converted again to glucose. Glycogen phosphorylase is the primary enzyme of glycogen breakdown. For the next 8–12 hours, glucose derived from liver glycogen is the primary source of blood glucose used by the rest of the body for fuel. Glucagon, another hormone produced by the pancreas, in many respects serves as a countersignal to insulin.", "Glycogen functions as the secondary long-term energy storage, with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose for use throughout the body including the central nervous system. For the next 8–12 hours, glucose derived from liver glycogen is the primary source of blood glucose used by the rest of the body for fuel. Glucagon, another hormone produced by the pancreas, in many respects serves as a countersignal to insulin.", "Glycogen is a molecule that is derived from glucose and is primarily stored in liver and muscle cells for use later as energy. These molecules are stored by the body when there is excess starch or carbohydrates for energy consumption. They will only be activated for use after the carbohydrates are used up by the body for its energy requirements. Much of glycogen storage is in the liver. These glycogen stores are essential for the body’s maintenance of sugar levels. Those that are stored in muscle cells are usually used up during quick bursts of activity like in jumping activities or heavy weight lifting. But aside from the liver and muscles, the brain and kidneys also store a small amount of glycogen.", "Glycogen is the principal storage form of glucose in animal cells. In humans, the most glycogen is found in the liver (10% of the liver mass), whereas muscles only contain a relatively low amount of glycogen (1% of the muscle mass). In addition, small amounts of glycogen are found in certain glial cells in the brain. Glycogen is considered the principal storage form of glucose and is found mainly in liver and muscle, with kidney and intestines adding minor storage sites. With up to 10% of its weight as glycogen, the liver has the highest specific content of any body tissue.", "Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. For the next 8–12 hours, glucose derived from liver glycogen is the primary source of blood glucose used by the rest of the body for fuel. Glucagon, another hormone produced by the pancreas, in many respects serves as a countersignal to insulin.", "Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies. Glycogen is a polysaccharide molecule stored in animal cells along with water and used as a source of energy. When broken down in the body, it is transformed into glucose, an important source of energy for animals. In animals, it plays a role similar to that played by starch in plants. Glycogen is stored in the liver. Glycogen is stored in the liver, with levels tending to peak immediately after a meal. Glycogen can quickly be converted to glucose when blood sugar levels get low.", "To review, the body can use glucose to replenish muscle glycogen, but it cannot use fructose. Fructose can only be used to replenish liver glycogen. Also, sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. ", "Insulin and glucagon are hormones made by the pancreas. 1 Insulin works to move glucose into the cells of the body for energy, remove excess glucose from the blood stream, and convert the excess glucose to glycogen. 2 Glycogen is stored in muscle and liver tissue for later use, when more glucose is needed in the blood. Sometimes, the glucose in our body runs low, or even is depleted. When that happens, the body pulls the needed energy from glycogen stores in muscle and liver tissue, converting the glycogen into glucose. Exercise, illness, and some dietary habits, can cause the glycogen stores to be depleted more quickly.", "Glycogen can be defined as a molecule of glucose that gets stored in the vital organs of the body like liver, muscle cells, brain and kidneys. This glycogen is released from the vital organs into the body only when the glucose in the blood (coming from the carbohydrates in a diet) gets used up for all the activities. Before understanding the process of Glycogenesis, it is important to know what glycogen is essentially used for. Food gets assimilated in the body as glucose and gets released as energy to perform any kind of work or effort." ], "url": [ "http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-glycogenesis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-glycogen/", "http://www.orthomolecular.org/nutrients/glycogen.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-glycogen.htm", "http://www.fitnessforoneandall.com/nutrition/article/glycogen.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Restore-Glycogen", "http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-glycogenesis" ] }

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[ "25 and 30 breaths per minute." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Methods. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL to April 2009, and reference lists to identify studies which had measured heart rate and/or respiratory rate in normal children between birth and 18 years of age. ", "Blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate are the routine vital signs measured in medicine. As infants and children grow and age, their normal values for vital signs change. Body temperature does not change with age, and normal body temperature is considered 98.6 F (37 C). Two tables of normal vital signs for the pediatric population are presented below. Heart rates may be slightly slower when asleep. ", "Medical textbooks suggest that the normal respiratory rate for adults is only 12 breaths per minute at rest. Older textbooks often provide even smaller values (e.g., 8-10 breaths per minute). Most modern adults breathe much faster (about 15-20 breaths per minute) than their normal breathing frequency. The respiratory rates in the sick persons are usually higher, generally about 20 breaths/min or more.", "Normal Breathing Rates for Children. Babies and children normally breathe faster than older children and adults. A child who has a fever or who feels anxious breathes faster than normal. The table below shows the normal rate of breathing for children.", "Groups of children Their ages Normal respiration rates Newborns and infants Up to 6 months old 30-60 breaths/min Infants 6 to 12 months old 24-30 breaths/min Toddlers and children 1 to 5 years old 20-30 breaths/min Children 6 to 12 years 12-20 breaths/min. Older textbooks often provide even smaller values (e.g., 8-10 breaths per minute). Most modern adults breathe much faster (about 15-20 breaths per minute) than their normal breathing frequency. The respiratory rates in the sick persons are usually higher, generally about 20 breaths/min or more.", "A normal respiratory rate for a toddler is between 25 and 30 breaths per minute; for children between the ages of 3 and 6 years, it averages between 21 and 24; and for children between the ages of 6 and 10 years, it averages 19 to 20. A normal respiratory rate for an adolescent is between 16 and 20 breaths per minute. Again, be aware of the signs of respiratory distress (tachypnea, retractions, and nasal flaring) and if you observe these, initiate treatment immediately.", "Definition. Respiratory rate (also known as ventilation rate, respiration rate, breathing rate, pulmonary ventilation rate, breathing frequency, and respiratory frequency or Rf) = the number of breaths a person takes during one minute. It is usually measured at rest, while sitting. Older textbooks often provide even smaller values (e.g., 8-10 breaths per minute). Most modern adults breathe much faster (about 15-20 breaths per minute) than their normal breathing frequency. The respiratory rates in the sick persons are usually higher, generally about 20 breaths/min or more.", "Normal Respiratory Rate, Volume, Breathing Chart, ... Groups and ages Normal rates Newborns to 6 months old 30-60 breaths/min 6 to 12 months old 24–30 breaths/min 1 to 5 years old 20–30 breaths/min 6 to 12 years old 12–20 breaths/min. - normal TV (tidal volume or air volume breathed in during a single breath): 500 ml; - normal Rf (respiratory frequency or respiratory rate): 12 breaths per minute; - inspiration: about 1.5-2 seconds; - normal exhalation is 1.5-2 seconds, followed by an automatic pause (no breathing for 1-2 seconds).", "Children breathe faster than adults. Body size, weight and activity level influence normal breathing rates. But age is the factor most commonly used to determine normal values. Normal breathing rate ranges from as high as 30 to 60 breaths per minute at birth to as low as 12 to 16 breaths per minute at age 18. Breathing maintains the child's critical balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Normal breathing rate in children is easy to measure. Simply count the breathing cycles -- an inhalation and an exhalation is one breath -- in a complete minute. Do not count part of a minute and multiply. A child's breathing rate can be irregular due to pain, crying or restlessness." ], "url": [ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789232/", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/pediatric_vital_signs/article_em.htm", "http://www.normalbreathing.com/index-rate.php", "http://www.webmd.com/children/normal-breathing-rates-for-children", "http://www.normalbreathing.com/index-rate.php", "http://atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/physical-assessment-child/equipment/ap_respiratory.html", "http://www.normalbreathing.com/index-rate.php", "http://www.normalbreathing.com/index-nb.php", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/115712-normal-breathing-rate-children/" ] }

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[ "Atomic theory grew as a series of modles that developed from expiremental evidence.As more evidence was collected the theory and modles were revised." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(3) BOHR'S MODEL of the atom On the basis of Rutherford's theories, Bohr published his model of atomic structure in 1913; where he proposed: That an electron moving in an orbit can have only certain amounts of energy. Its energy is quantised. ", "Niels Bohr was one of the foremost scientists of modern physics, best known for his substantial contributions to quantum theory and his Nobel Prize-winning research on the structure of atoms. Born in Copenhagen in 1885 to well-educated parents, Bohr became interested in physics at a young age. Combining Rutherford's description of the nucleus and Planck's theory about quanta, Bohr explained what happens inside an atom and developed a picture of atomic structure. This work earned him a Nobel Prize of his own in 1922.", "Because atoms are so small, studying them is a bit like trying to solve the mystery of the sealed box in the. Ideas and models of their shape and structure have changed many times. NAME: _______________________ TEST DATE_____ How did atomic theory develop and change? Democritus: Beginning of Atomic Theory! 430 B. C ., a Greek philosopher matter is formed of small pieces that could not be cut into smaller parts. Every element has a different atomic number and therefore a different number of __________ in the nucleus. Example: The atomic number of protons in the nucleus of Carbon is 6. All carbon atoms have ____ protons in their nucleus. They all have an atomic number of ____.", "Development of Atomic Theory. The atomic theory, which holds that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles in constant motion, was proposed in the 5th cent. B.C. by the Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus and was adopted by the Roman Lucretius. However, Aristotle did not accept the theory, and it was ignored for many centuries. More on atom Development of Atomic Theory from Infoplease: 1 atom: Development of Atomic Theory-Development of Atomic Theory Early Atomic Theory The atomic theory, which holds that matter is ...", "Dalton's atomic theory. John Dalton (1766-1844). John Dalton developed an atomic theory in the 1800s. He did experiments, worked out some atomic weights and invented symbols for atoms and molecules. His most important conclusions are summarised below: 1 All matter is made of atoms", "Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory Key Concept Scientists have done experiments that have revealed important clues about the structure of atoms. What You Will Learn • There have been different models of the atom over time. • The atomic theory has changed as scientists have experimented and dis covered new information about the atom. Why It Matters Scientific ideas change as new data are gathered. This is an important characteristic of science." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100307062632AAYSPV7", "http://www.livescience.com/32016-niels-bohr-atomic-theory.html", "http://www.lcmrschooldistrict.com/images/calendarevents/Development%20of%20Atomic%20Theory.pdf", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/atom-development-atomic-theory.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gateway/periodic_table/atomstrucrev5.shtml", "http://midwaymsscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/2/9/8/8298729/section_1_-_development_of_the_atomic_theory.pdf" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann 12/30/11. 2 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann tensor 12/31/11. 3", "Identification. Some of the long-term side effects of amitriptyline have to do with its effects on the nervous system. For example, amitriptyline can cause nervousness, insomnia, and anxiety in some patients because it can stimulate the nervous system. In addition, amitriptyline can also block the effects of a chemical known as acetylcholine, which is used by nerves to control muscles, eMedTV reports.", "Insomnia. Insomnia (sleeplessness) has been reported by people with depression, quit smoking, pain, high blood pressure, stress and anxiety. (latest reports from 144,285 Insomnia patients). On Sep, 29, 2015: 5,806 people reported to have side effects when taking Amitriptyline hydrochloride.", "1 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann 12/31/11. 2 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann 12/31/11. 3 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann 12/31/11. 4 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann SLS 12/31/11.", "Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia. Posted by stann on December 30, 2011, at 12:13:03. I have been taking Amitriptyline for 11 night. Started with 5mg.At 5mg the first couple of nights I slept better and was drowsy the next day.", "1 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia Peter Heuer 12/31/11. 2 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia Peter Heuer SLS 12/31/11. 3 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia linkadge 12/31/11. 4 Re: Amitriptyline (Elavil) causing me to have insomnia stann 12/31/11.", "These drugs are able to affect the levels of different chemicals in the brain, known as neurotransmitters. By altering neurotransmitter levels, tricyclic antidepressants are able to treat depression and certain other medical conditions. Long-term use of amitriptyline can cause certain side effects, however.", "A: Amitriptyline (Elavil) belongs to a group of drugs called tricyclic antidepressants. Amitriptyline is used for depression and may be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Common side effects of amitriptyline include dry mouth, loss of appetite, dizziness, drowsiness and blurred vision." ], "url": [ "http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20111226/msgs/1005889.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/257262-the-long-term-side-effects-of-amitriptyline/", "http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/amitriptyline+hydrochloride/insomnia/", "http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20111226/msgs/1005889.html", "http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20111226/msgs/1005889.html", "http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20111226/msgs/1005889.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/257262-the-long-term-side-effects-of-amitriptyline/", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/amitriptyline" ] }

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[ "Burrata is a fresh Italian cheese made from mozzarella and cream." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Difference Between Mozzarella and Burrata. Fresh mozzarella cheese is a semi-soft Italian cheese made from cow or water buffalo milk. Burrata cheese takes the mozzarella one step further — it's mozzarella that's formed into a pouch and then filled with soft, stringy curd and cream. It's a fresh Italian cheese made from mozzarella and cream. At first glance it might look similar to a fresh ball of mozzarella, but the real charm of burrata — and what sets it apart — is what's on the inside.", "Burrata, meaning buttery in Italian is a fresh cheese made from a mix of mozzarella and cream. The outside thin shell is a pasta filata curd made of buffalo and/or cow's milk mozzarella while the insides contain a soft, doughy, stringy, mixture of curd and fresh cream. When you cut open a Burrata, it oozes with buttery and creamy panna containing scraps of mozzarella. The cream has a rich flavour and has to be eaten immediately since it is a fresh cheese. Burrata is usually served fresh at room temperature and beyond 48 hours, it is considered past its prime", "Burrata is a fresh Italian cheese made from mozzarella and cream. The outer shell is solid mozzarella, while the inside contains both mozzarella and cream, giving it an unusual, soft texture. It is also defined by some sources as an outer shell of mozzarella filled with butter or a mixture of butter and sugar. When the burrata is sliced open, ritagli-thickened panna (cream) flows out. The cheese has a rich, buttery flavor and retains its fresh milkiness. It is best when eaten within 24 hours and is considered past its prime after 48 hours.", "When making burrata, the still-hot cheese is formed into a pouch, which is then filled with scraps of leftover mozzarella and topped off with fresh cream before closing. The finished burrata is traditionally wrapped in the leaves of asphodel, tied to form a little brioche-like topknot, and moistened with a little whey. When the burrata is sliced open, ritagli-thickened panna (cream) flows out. The cheese has a rich, buttery flavor and retains its fresh milkiness. It is best when eaten within 24 hours and is considered past its prime after 48 hours.", "Burrata is made of that same stringy cheese, but is formed not into a solid ball, but into a little hollow pouch, which is then filled with fresh cream and soft stringy bits of curd, the ritagli, or rags, remaining after mozzarella making. Burrata means buttered in Italian. It's that rich. What it really is, though, is fresh cheese at its best. At first glance, burrata resembles a ball of mozzarella. But upon further scrutiny, it's clear that this round of cheese is softer, and indeed, when cut, has an interior that spills out, revealing soft, stringy curd and fresh cream", "Joseph de Leo. Burrata is a cheese like no other. It's the creamiest, richest, best piece of dairy you can get your hands on. Burrata, which means butter in Italian, is fresh mozzarella cheese that's mixed with cream -- which is obviously what makes it so great. It's delicious eaten as is, with a drizzle of olive oil, but also makes for a great topping on pastas, salads and served as an appetiz", "Burrata is its own, very special type of cheese. Burrata has a solid outer curd made from fresh mozzarella, which is formed into a hollow pouch, then filled with a soft, stringy curd and fresh cream. It has a milky, buttery flavor that's rich without being too indulgent. It's a fresh Italian cheese made from mozzarella and cream. At first glance it might look similar to a fresh ball of mozzarella, but the real charm of burrata — and what sets it apart — is what's on the inside." ], "url": [ "http://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-mozzarella-and-burrata-word-of-mouth-219642", "http://www.cheese.com/burrata/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrata", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrata", "http://www.thekitchn.com/the-transformative-power-of-bu-141082", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/11/burrata-appetizer-recipe_n_3053582.html", "http://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-mozzarella-and-burrata-word-of-mouth-219642" ] }

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[ "John Brown was a radical abolitionist who believed in the violent overthrow of the slavery system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "John BrownJohn Brown summary: John Brown was a radical abolitionist whose fervent hatred of slavery led him to seize the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry in October 1859. It is widely believed his intention was to arm slaves for a rebellion, though he denied that. John Brown’s Youth. John Brown was born May 9, 1800 in Torrington, Connecticut, but spent much of his youth in Ohio. His parents instilled in him a strong belief in the Bible and a strong hatred of slavery, and his father taught him the family trade of tanning animal skins.", "Synopsis. John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut, in a Calvinist household and would go on to have a large family of his own. John Brown. John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut, in a Calvinist household and would go on to have a large family of his own.", "John Brown was born May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut. He was the fourth of the eight children of Owen Brown (February 16, 1771 – May 8, 1856) and Ruth Mills (January 25, 1772 – December 9, 1808) and grandson of Capt. John Brown (1728–1776). Brown could trace his ancestry back to 17th-century English Puritans. The song John Brown's Body made him a martyr and was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War. Brown's actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose, still make him a controversial figure today.", "Harper's Ferry before John Brown's raid on October 16, 1859. On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a small army of 18 men into the small town of Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His plan was to instigate a major slave rebellion in the South.", "1 John Brown (abolitionist) (1800–1859), American who led an anti-slavery revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1859. 2 John Brown (doctor) (1735–1788), Scottish physician who taught that disease was caused by either excessive or inadequate stimulation. 1 John Brown (servant) (1826–1883), Scottish servant of Queen Victoria.", "John Brown’s Raid On Harper’s Ferry. On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown led 21 followers—five black men and 16 white ones, including two of Brown’s sons—on a raid to seize the U.S. Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), where the Shenandoah River joins the North Branch of the Potomac. John Brown’s Youth. John Brown was born May 9, 1800 in Torrington, Connecticut, but spent much of his youth in Ohio. His parents instilled in him a strong belief in the Bible and a strong hatred of slavery, and his father taught him the family trade of tanning animal skins.", "John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was a white American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. During the 1856 conflict in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. The song John Brown's Body made him a martyr and was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War. Brown's actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose, still make him a controversial figure today.", "Historians agree John Brown played a major role in the start of the Civil War. Historian David Potter has said the emotional effect of Brown's raid was greater than the philosophical effect of the Lincoln–Douglas debates, and that his raid revealed a deep division between North and South. The song John Brown's Body made him a martyr and was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War. Brown's actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose, still make him a controversial figure today.", "Introduction. John Brown was a radical abolitionist who believed in the violent overthrow of the slavery system. During the Bleeding Kansas conflicts, Brown and his sons led attacks on pro-slavery residents. " ], "url": [ "http://www.historynet.com/john-brown", "http://www.biography.com/people/john-brown-9228496", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_%28abolitionist%29", "http://www.ushistory.org/us/32c.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown", "http://www.historynet.com/john-brown", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_%28abolitionist%29", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_%28abolitionist%29", "http://www.history.com/topics/john-brown" ] }

[]

[ "Our father." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bona Fide Resident Law & Legal Definition. A bona fide resident refers to a person who has stayed in a particular state or country for a duration that is required by the applicable statutes or state laws. This is required for the purpose of a variety of rights, like the right to vote, right to run for public office, determining taxes etc. A bona fide residency requirement asks a person to establish that he or she actually lives in a certain location. An entire tax year is from January 1 through December 31 for taxpayers who file their income tax returns on a calendar year basis. One does not automatically acquire bona fide resident status merely by living in a foreign country or countries for 1 year.", "1 (Agr) (fertilizante) manure; fertilizer; (acto) fertilizing; manuring. abono quimico químico chemical; fertilizer artificial. manure (2) (com) pago; (payment) plazo; instalment; (INSTALLMENT) (eeuu) credito; (Crédito) (credit latinoamerica) latinoamérica entrega; inicial. down payment deposit ", "Mana is a word found in Austronesian languages meaning power, effectiveness, prestige, where in most cases the power is understood to be supernatural. The exact semantics depends on the language. The concept is a major one in Polynesian cultures. It is part of contemporary Pacific Islander culture. In Hawaiian & Tahitian culture, Mana is a form of a spiritual energy and also healing power which can exist in places, objects and persons. It is the Hawaiian belief that there is a chance to gain mana and lose mana in everything that a person does.", "The reward which has been offered is a large one, and it is not for me to question the bona fide nature of it. bona fide. adj. 1. real or genuine: a bona fide manuscript. 2. undertaken in good faith: a bona fide agreement.", "The word Abouna / Abona / Abuna means our father (small f) . This word is used for priests. The word Abana means our Father (capital / uppercase F). This word is used for Holy God the Father. The word Abana is the first word of the The Lord's Prayer. Honorary Title of Khoury or Khouri. The Arabic word Khoury or Khouri is a title meaning Priest. It is the custom for Melkite Greek Catholic priests to add this title prior to their family name. Then, the English translation of the phrase Abouna Boutros Khoury Bisharah is Our Father Boutros The Priest Bisharah.", "El Medano (Médano, Spanish the sand ) dune is a town in the municipality Of granadilla De, abona on the island Of, tenerife one of The Canary. islands A place of strong winds, it has been the site for various windsurfing competitions and championships, though in recent years, an increase in the number of high-rise hotels and apartment buildings has reduced these winds' power.", "No first or last name is used. In some situations, two or more priests are present. Then, the word Abouna can address or refer to any of the present priests. Then, to specify to which Abouna the person is addressing or refering to, Abouna first name is used. Honorary Title of Khoury or Khouri. The Arabic word Khoury or Khouri is a title meaning Priest. It is the custom for Melkite Greek Catholic priests to add this title prior to their family name. Then, the English translation of the phrase Abouna Boutros Khoury Bisharah is Our Father Boutros The Priest Bisharah.", "The linguist Robert Blust has pointed out that mana means thunder, storm, or wind in some languages, and has hypothesized that the term originally meant powerful forces of nature such as thunder and storm winds that were conceived as the expression of an unseen supernatural agency. In Hawaiian & Tahitian culture, Mana is a form of a spiritual energy and also healing power which can exist in places, objects and persons. It is the Hawaiian belief that there is a chance to gain mana and lose mana in everything that a person does.", "Abo /abo/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. The meaning of Abo is stern, somber; father. Abo is an alternate spelling of Abbas (Arabic, Hebrew). Compare surname Aby. How popular is Abo? Abo is an uncommon first name for men but a somewhat popular last name for both adults and children (#74675 out of 150436, Top 50%)." ], "url": [ "http://definitions.uslegal.com/b/bona-fide-resident/", "http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/abono", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bona+fide", "http://www.mliles.com/melkite/priests.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_M%C3%A9dano", "http://www.mliles.com/melkite/priests.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Abo" ] }

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[ "A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first day of the next period." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. you count 28 days from the first day of your period, so if your period is 7 days then it would be 21 days after the last day of your period. intotheforest · 8 years ago. Thumbs up.o you count 28 days from the day of your last period, or 21 days. Or maybe its count 21 days from the first day of your last period. Or maybe its….oh, please help!", "Report Abuse. The first day of your cycle is the day when you get your period. So that is day 1. You count until the day before your next period, because when you get your next period, a new cycle starts and it would be day 1 again. If you get your period on May 25th, that's day 1 of your cycle. Report Abuse. The first day of your cycle is the day when you get your period. So that is day 1. You count until the day before your next period, because when you get your next period, a new cycle starts and it would be day 1 again. If you get your period on May 25th, that's day 1 of your cycle.", "Yes | No Thank you! Ideally, if you have regular cycles, (i.e. 28-30 days), counting day 1 of your cycle on the day you get your period, you should have no sex after day 10 of your cycle, and then have sex on the 12, 14, 16 and 18th day of your cycle. ", "you count 28 days from the first day of your period, so if your period is 7 days then it would be 21 days after the last day of your period. Do you count 28 days from the day of your last period, or 21 days. Or maybe its count 21 days from the first day of your last period. Or maybe its….oh, please help! Which is it?", "The last day of your cycle is the day before your next period starts. So, for example, if you started your period on February 26th, 2008, and then your next period started on March 24th, 2008, then the cycle length for that month would have been 27 days.es | No Thank you! Ideally, if you have regular cycles, (i.e. 28-30 days), counting day 1 of your cycle on the day you get your period, you should have no sex after day 10 of your cycle, and then have sex on the 12, 14, 16 and 18th day of your cycle.", "It also prepares your body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first day of the next period. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long. Cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in young teens. The rise and fall of levels of hormones during the month control the menstrual cycle.", "Your cycle begins on the first day you have regular bleeding. Spotting doesn’t count. For example, Cycle Day 1 is the first day of your period; Cycle Day 2 is the second day of your period, Cycle Day 3 is the third day of your menstrual flow, and so forth. As an example, create sample menstrual calendar for the month of January.", "From that day, count back 12 days and then another four. You're most likely to ovulate during this five-day range. If you're one of the many women who have a 28-day cycle, there's a good chance you’ll ovulate on day 14. (Day 1 is the first day of your period; day 28 is the last day before day 1 of your next period.)." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080114055544AAzcllq", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060612161938AA7ZOeC", "http://www.babycenter.com/400_how-do-you-calculate-your-cycle-you-count-from-what-day-to-w_2675641_127.bc", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080114055544AAzcllq", "http://www.babycenter.com/400_how-do-you-calculate-your-cycle-you-count-from-what-day-to-w_2675641_127.bc", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html", "http://youngwomenshealth.org/2010/08/04/count_days_of_cycle/", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_predicting-ovulation_484.bc" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Introduction. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts promoted as having various health benefits, including preventing and treating a range of conditions. They are usually eaten in yoghurts or taken as food supplements, and are often described as good or friendly bacteria.", "Yeast is also a probiotic substance. Probiotics are also available as dietary supplements. It has been suggested that probiotics be used to treat problems in the stomach and intestines. But only certain types of bacteria or yeast (called strains) have been shown to work in the digestive tract. This can help prevent diarrhea. A decrease in beneficial bacteria may also lead to other infections, such as vaginal yeast and urinary tract infections, and symptoms such as diarrhea from intestinal illnesses. Probiotics may also be used to: 1 Help with other causes of diarrhea. 2 Help prevent infections in the digestive tract. 3 Help control immune response (inflammation), as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ", "Probiotics are bacteria that help keep the natural balance of organisms (microflora) in the intestines. The normal human digestive tract contains about 400 types of probiotic bacteria that reduce the growth of harmful bacteria and promote a healthy digestive system. This can help prevent diarrhea. A decrease in beneficial bacteria may also lead to other infections, such as vaginal yeast and urinary tract infections, and symptoms such as diarrhea from intestinal illnesses. Probiotics may also be used to: 1 Help with other causes of diarrhea. 2 Help prevent infections in the digestive tract. 3 Help control immune response (inflammation), as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ", "Reviewed By Audrey Cook, BVM&S. Your pet's digestive system, just like yours, is home to billions of bacteria that keep their gut running smoothly. Probiotics, often sold as supplements, are living microorganisms very similar to these resident bacteria. Probiotics might potentially help in many ways, Wynn tells WebMD, such as boosting poor immune function, addressing bacterial imbalance, or by enhancing the health of the cells in the tissue of your pet's gastrointestinal tract that produce digestive enzymes.", "Because they counteract the effects of bad bacteria, probiotics are vital to the health of the digestive system, but they can become diminished in supply due to the use of prescription antibiotics or a lack of probiotic-rich foods like yogurt and kefir in the diet. A type of healthy, or good bacteria, probiotics are supplements used to promote digestive health and assist with key functions in the digestive system. read more about probiotics » | find answers to your vitamins questions ».", "Physicians should prescribe probiotics to patients given antibiotics in order to prevent diarrhea and thus increase the likelihood that patients complete their course of therapy, say researchers. As well as killing bacteria responsible for illness antibiotics also destroy the so-called “good” bacteria that live in the gut, and this causes diarrhea. This unpleasant side effect results in as many as one in five people failing to complete their prescribed course of antibiotic therapy.", "Scientists have known for decades that probiotics can boost your health. That's why yogurt's active cultures, or good bugs, are touted so often. And now these bugs can be found in cereal, cheese, energy bars, soup, and a wealth of other products filling up grocery and pharmacy shelves. In a study of 40 women with BV, two daily capsules containing these probiotics worked better than standard treatment with prescription metronidazole gel. In another study of 100-plus women, adding these probiotics to standard metronidazole therapy more than doubled the cure rate-- from 40 to 88 percent.", "You don't necessarily need probiotics — a type of good bacteria — to be healthy. However, these microorganisms may help with digestion and offer protection from harmful bacteria, just as the existing good bacteria in your body already do. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that act as food for probiotics. When probiotics and prebiotics are combined, they form a synbiotic. Fermented dairy products, such as yogurt and kefir, are considered synbiotic because they contain live bacteria and the fuel they need to thrive. Probiotics are found in foods such as yogurt, while prebiotics are found in whole grains, bananas, onions, garlic, honey and artichokes. In addition, probiotics and prebiotics are added to some foods and available as dietary supplements" ], "url": [ "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/probiotics/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/probiotics-topic-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/probiotics-topic-overview", "http://pets.webmd.com/ask-pet-health-11/pet-probiotics", "http://www.drugstore.com/vitamins/probiotics/qxg180678-0", "http://www.worldhealth.net/news/probiotics_should_be_prescribed_to_patie/", "http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/03/10/healthmag.probiotics.stomach/", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/probiotics/faq-20058065" ] }

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[ "Mollusks (Mollusca) are a group of invertebrates that includes squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, snails, slugs, limpets, sea hares, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, as well as many less well-known animals." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Molluscum contagiosum is a skin infection that is caused by a virus. The virus, called the molluscum virus, produces benign raised lesions, or bumps, on the upper layers of your skin. The small bumps usually are painless. They disappear on their own and rarely leave scars when left untreated. ", "By Laura Klappenbach. Mollusks (Mollusca) are a group of invertebrates that includes squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, snails, slugs, limpets, sea hares, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, as well as many less well-known animals. Scientists estimate that there are more than 100,000 species of mollusks alive today. This makes them the second largest phylum of animals, having fewer species than only the arthropods. Mollusks have soft bodies that consist of three basic parts: a foot, a visceral mass and a mantle. This hypothetical mollusk has a mantle, shell, foot and visceral mass. The mantle is a layer of tissue that covers the visceral mass and in many mollusks it contains glands which secrete a hard shell. The foot is muscular structure located on the underside of the body.", "Mollusca. (məlŭs`kə) , taxonomic name for the one of the largest phyla of invertebrate animals (Arthropoda is the largest) comprising more than 50,000 living mollusk species and about 35,000 fossil species dating back to the Cambrian period. Mollusks are soft-bodied, and most have a prominent shell. The Mollusca constitute a successful phylum; there are probably over 110,000 living species of mollusks, a number second only to that of the phylum Arthropoda, and more than double the number of vertebrate species.", "Full Definition of MOLLUSK. : any of a large phylum (Mollusca) of invertebrate animals (as snails, clams, or squids) with a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a calcareous shell; broadly: shellfish. — mol·lus·can also mol·lus·kan \\mə-ˈləs-kən, mae-\\ mä. Adjective see mollusk defined For-english language. Learners see mollusk defined for. kids", "Recommend on Facebook Tweet ShareCompartir. Molluscum contagiosum is an infection caused by a poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum virus). The result of the infection is usually a benign, mild skin disease characterized by lesions (growths) that may appear anywhere on the body. ", "Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes, sometimes called water warts. It is caused by a DNA poxvirus called the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). MCV has no nonhuman-animal reservoir (infecting primarily humans, though equids can rarely be infected). Four types of MCV are known, MCV-1 to -4; MCV-1 is the most prevalent and MCV-2 is seen usually in adults.", "An introduction. Mollusca is one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, with at least 50,000 living species (and more likely around 200,000). It includes such familiar organisms as snails, octopuses, squid, clams, scallops, oysters, and chitons. ", "The molluscs or mollusks /ˈmɒləsks/ compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and in habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 9 or 10 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct.", "snails, clams, squids and octopodes. Mollusca. Mollusks are a large group of invertebrate animals. Mollusks have soft bodies, and their bodies are not divided into rings like the segmented worms called annelids. Mollusks don't have legs, though some have flexible tentacles for sensing their environment or grabbing things." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/molluscum-contagiosum", "http://animals.about.com/od/molluscs/p/molluscs.htm", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mollusca", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mollusk", "http://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/mollusca.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca", "http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Mollusca/" ] }

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[ "The somatosensory cortex is an important part of the cerebral cortex in the brain that processes sensory information from the body.", "Its function is to process sensory information from the body to brain." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The somatosensory cortex is an area of the brain that processes input from the various systems in the body that are sensitive to touch. Neurons in the somatosensory cortex are organized according to the types of sensation to which they respond. Input from various systems of the body that are sensitive to touch is processed in the somatosensory cortex of the brain.", "The somatosensory system is a complex sensory system. It is made up of a number of different receptors, including thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. The somatosensory system is spread through all major parts of a mammal 's body (and other vertebrates). It consists both of sensory receptors and sensory (afferent) neurons in the periphery (skin, muscle and organs for example), to deeper neurons within the central nervous system.", "The somatosensory cortex integrates sensory information from the body, producing a map similar to that of the primary motor cortex. Transcript: The somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) receives tactile information from the body. Sensory information is carried to the brain by neural pathways to the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamus, which project to the somatosensory cortex (which in turns has numerous connections with other brain areas). ", "The primary somatosensory area in the human cortex (also called primary somatic sensory cortex or SI) is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe and makes up four distinct fields or regions known as Brodmann areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2. The somatosensory system is spread through all major parts of a mammal 's body (and other vertebrates). It consists both of sensory receptors and sensory (afferent) neurons in the periphery (skin, muscle and organs for example), to deeper neurons within the central nervous system.", "Just posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex lies the somatosensory association cortex, which integrates sensory information from the primary somatosensory cortex (temperature, pressure, etc.) to construct an understanding of the object being felt. Note that the central sulcus (sometimes referred to as the central fissure) divides the primary motor cortex (on the precentral gyrus of the posterior frontal lobe) from the somatosensory cortex (on the postcentral gyrus of the anterior parietal lobe).", "The Somatosensory Cortex is an area of the brain, located in the parietal lobe, that processes sensory input from the skin, muscles, and joints. ", "Processing primarily occurs in the primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex: information is sent from the receptors via sensory nerves, through tracts in the spinal cord and finally into the brain. The somatosensory system is spread through all major parts of a mammal 's body (and other vertebrates). It consists both of sensory receptors and sensory (afferent) neurons in the periphery (skin, muscle and organs for example), to deeper neurons within the central nervous system.", "The somatosensory cortex is an important part of the cerebral cortex in the brain that processes sensory information from the body. Neurons from different parts of the body that receive environmental stimuli all send their information to the somatosensory cortex. It is made up of a right and left side, or lobes, which are connected in the middle by the corpus colossum. The inside of the brain has distinct parts called, lobes. Each lobe is devoted to a different function. The outer layer of the brain is called the cerebral cortex.", "The somatosensory cortex receives all sensory input from the body. Cells that are part of the brain or nerves that extend into the body are called neurons. Neurons that sense feelings in our skin, pain, visual, or auditory stimuli, all send their information to the somatosensory cortex for processing. It is made up of a right and left side, or lobes, which are connected in the middle by the corpus colossum. The inside of the brain has distinct parts called, lobes. Each lobe is devoted to a different function. The outer layer of the brain is called the cerebral cortex.", "Previous chapters described the ways in which the different somatosensory receptors respond to specific types of somatosensory stimuli and that the receptors, by virtue of their selective sensitivities, extract specific information about the somatosensory stimulus. The somatosensory association cortex is located in the superior parietal lobe (a.k.a. posterior parietal cortex), which is posterior to SI. The highest degree of convergence of somatosensory information occurs in the posterior parietal cortex." ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-somatosensory-cortex.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system", "https://www.dnalc.org/view/2115-Somatosensory-Cortex-.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_cortex", "http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Somatosensory%20Cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/somatosensory-cortex-definition-location-function.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/somatosensory-cortex-definition-location-function.html", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter05.html" ] }

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[ "$40 to $90 per topics" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The cost varies from state to state. The average is $40 per test, but check with the test center about scholarships or fee waivers. The fee is a pretty good investment when you consider that GED grads make about $500,000 more in their lifetime. How often you can take the GED exam varies from state to state, but most states allow you to retake the test up to three times in a year. Contact one of your local Official GED Test Centers™ for the GED testing dates and GED schedule.", "Michigan requires students applying to sit for the GED exam be at least 18 years old. The candidate's educational cohort must have graduated in order to receive a diploma. Individuals who are under 18 may be eligible to take the GED if certain criteria are met. ", "Cost of Getting a GED Most places offer classes for free. Check your community events. Classes might be free, but in most cases you will have to pay a fee to take the GED test. For help on GED test materials, GED pracitce test, GED testing location, fees, and information you need is just a phone call away. Call 1-800-62-MYGED (1-800-626-9433) to find your local GED Testing Center. ", "GED. We offer the GED here at the MSU Testing office nearly every week throughout the year. All registration, payment, and scheduling must be done directly through GED Testing Service. You can also call them at 1-877-392-6433 or chat online", "Some states allow people who don’t live there to take the GED ® test and others don’t. You’ll need to check the residency requirement for the state that you’re interested to test in. For Michigan: Michigan doesn’t have a residency requirement, so they’ll allow you to take the GED ® test there. Yes, in Michigan you’re required to be 18 years old and class graduated, unless you’re a Michigan Youth Challenge participant. To learn more about that requirement, please call your state’s office at (517) 373-1692.", "The GED testing fee in Michigan is different at different test centers. Contact your local Michigan Official GED Testing Center for fee and schedule information. The GED test is available in English, Spanish, and French languages in Michigan. To pass the GED test, you will need to score a minimum of 410 on each test, and an average of 450. Michigan GED Testing Eligibility. To be eligible for a High School Equivalency Certificate in Michigan, you must be at least 18 years old and not a high school graduate. The high school class you would have graduated with must have graduated.", "Be aware, the GED exam cannot be taken online, but you can study online. In the state of Michigan, GED testing is handled by the MI Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth, Office of Adult Education, GED Testing. The Michigan GED exam can only be taken at a local official GED test center. Michigan GED Testing Eligibility. To be eligible for a High School Equivalency Certificate in Michigan, you must be at least 18 years old and not a high school graduate. The high school class you would have graduated with must have graduated.", "!! DATE: May 11, 2012 RE: Pricing for the New GED Test (2014) GED Testing Service is pleased to announce that the cost to the jurisdictions* for the new 2014 GED ® test on computer will remain at US$120. This pricing will remain in effect through the end of 2014. ", "The GED exam is only offered in person and not online. Typically in order to sit for the GED exam the test taker must be over 17 years old. The GED testing cost in the state of Michigan varies from $40 to $90. The GED exam consists of five topics: reading, writing, mathematics, science and social studies. Each test gives a score between 200 and 800." ], "url": [ "http://www.passged.com/test_state.php", "http://learningpath.org/articles/The_Michigan_GED.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cost_of_getting_your_GED", "http://testingoffice.msu.edu/home/standardized-tests/ged/", "http://www.gedtestingservice.com/testers/policy_mi", "http://www.passged.com/MI-GED-Testing.php", "http://www.passged.com/MI-GED-Testing.php", "http://www.gedtestingservice.com/uploads/files/8696ab2276b3cfe871a43f59f1ebe568.pdf", "http://ged101.com/ged-testing-in-michigan.html" ] }

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[ "Job satisfaction is quite simply, how content or satisfied employees are with their jobs." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Employee Satisfaction versus Employee Engagement Consider the following definition of employee satisfaction and definition of employee engagement. Employee Satisfaction Definition: Employee satisfaction is the extent to which employees are happy or content with their jobs and work environment. Employee satisfaction or job satisfaction is, quite simply, how content or satisfied employees are with their jobs. Employee satisfaction is typically measured using an employee satisfaction survey", "Career – If you’re looking for career development opportunities and promotions, your job satisfaction can be linked to your position, power, or status. Job – If the work you do is a job doing a set of tasks each day, the salary and compensation aspects usually determine your job satisfaction. In your journey to get productive and happy, a strong sense of job satisfaction is essential. When you are not satisfied with your job, it can affect not just your productivity, but your overall outlook on life.", "A more recent definition of the concept of job satisfaction is from Hulin and Judge (2003), who have noted that job satisfaction includes multidimensional psychological responses to an individual's job, and that these personal responses have cognitive (evaluative), affective (or emotional), and behavioral components. One common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfaction. This correlation is reciprocal, meaning people who are satisfied with life tend to be satisfied with their job and people who are satisfied with their job tend to be satisfied with life.", "Show more usage examples... You should always try to keep rewarding your employees so that they have high job satisfaction and are motivated to work for you. 8 people found this helpful. The job satisfaction of the employee was rated quite high according to the survey we issued that human resources then analyzed. ", "job satisfaction noun [U]. › HR, WORKPLACE the ​feeling of pleasure and ​achievement which you ​experience in your ​job when you know that your ​work is ​worth doing: Companies with high ​levels of ​job ​satisfaction tend to have ​higher ​profitability and ​productivity.", "Researchers have also noted that job satisfaction measures vary in the extent to which they measure feelings about the job (affective job satisfaction). or cognitions about the job (cognitive job satisfaction). One common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfaction. This correlation is reciprocal, meaning people who are satisfied with life tend to be satisfied with their job and people who are satisfied with their job tend to be satisfied with life.", "› the ​feeling of ​pleasure and ​achievement that you ​experience in ​your ​job when you ​know that ​your ​work is ​worth doing, or the ​degree to which ​your ​work gives you this ​feeling: Many ​people are more ​interested in ​job ​satisfaction than in ​earning ​large ​amounts of ​money. › HR, WORKPLACE the ​feeling of pleasure and ​achievement which you ​experience in your ​job when you know that your ​work is ​worth doing: Companies with high ​levels of ​job ​satisfaction tend to have ​higher ​profitability and ​productivity.", "Some believe it is simply how content an individual is with his or her job, in other words, whether or not they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision. One common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfaction. This correlation is reciprocal, meaning people who are satisfied with life tend to be satisfied with their job and people who are satisfied with their job tend to be satisfied with life.", "Even though you may not be in the career that you have been dreaming of, it’s still your responsibility to make sure that your job is satisfying to you and your basic needs are being met. Knowing the seven key points above and what they mean to you will help you feel more connected to your job. In your journey to get productive and happy, a strong sense of job satisfaction is essential. When you are not satisfied with your job, it can affect not just your productivity, but your overall outlook on life." ], "url": [ "http://www.custominsight.com/employee-engagement-survey/what-is-employee-satisfaction.asp", "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140523023112-33355696-what-does-job-satisfaction-mean-to-you", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_satisfaction", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/job-satisfaction.html", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/job-satisfaction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_satisfaction", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/job-satisfaction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_satisfaction", "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140523023112-33355696-what-does-job-satisfaction-mean-to-you" ] }

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[ "In the Trivandrum district of Kerala state, South India." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Poovar is a popular tourist town in the Trivandrum district of Kerala state, South India. This village is almost at the southern tip of Trivandrum while the next village, Pozhiyoor, marks the end of Kerala. There were a merchant named Pokku Moosa Maraikkar who lived in Poovar during the 18th century in a house called Kallaraickal Tharavad, which many times gave shelter to Marthanda Varma (1706–58), king of Travancore from his enemies.", "Poovar lies very close to Vizhinjam, a natural harbor. Poovar has an estuary which connects with the sea during high tides. The 56 km Neyyar River passes through Neyyattinkara taluk into the Arabian Sea near Poovar. Its natural beauty enables it to be a quiet tourist spot. There were a merchant named Pokku Moosa Maraikkar who lived in Poovar during the 18th century in a house called Kallaraickal Tharavad, which many times gave shelter to Marthanda Varma (1706–58), king of Travancore from his enemies.", "Welcome to Poovar Island Resort. Enveloped in serene Kerala backwaters, flanked by the Arabian Sea on the East and the majestic towering Ghats to the West, opening out to the ocean and a dream golden beach, Poovar Island Resort is a tropical paradise. Swaying coconut palms, endless golden sands, the ultramarine of the ocean, emerald backwaters, crimson sunsets and lush green vegetation create a magical ambience around you. Our distinctive Kerala resort is the ideal remote getaway location for a quiet holiday in spectacular natural surroundings.", "Poovar in Trivandrum is unspoilt and unseen. From the beautiful backwaters to the sandy beach and the sea, Poovar offers the best of everything you could ask for on your holiday! Originally a fishing village, Poovar can be reached only through water. The splendor of this little island is considerably enhanced by the elaborate networks of water bodies including estuaries, lakes, canals and rivers that run along the length and breadth of this island. On a high tide day, the island gets closer to the sea through the swollen estuary.", "The Maharaja had to flee from his land and he landed in Poovar with the help of one Moosa Marikar, a merchant who also helped him regain power. The Raja was fascinated by the sight of red flowers, chipped out from the Kovala trees growing along the Neyyar river, which floated in the river as a red carpet on water. This is Poovar for you, lost somewhere near the tip of South India, tucked in Gods own country, Kerala. It was a lazy Saturday morning and we were in Tiruvanthapuram or Trivandrum staring endlessly at the beaches in Kovalam.", "Abdullah, Oman. The ambience and location were great. Jill, United Kingdom. location was very good-would have been excellent other than large number of tourist boats. Stephen, United Kingdom. Poovar Island Resort offers cozy land or water cottages in Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala. It has an outdoor pool, health therapies at its Ayurveda treatment center and 24-hour room service. Poovar Island Resort is 2 miles from Poovar Bus Station. It is 19 miles from both Trivandrum Train Station and Trivandrum International Airport. Guests may exercise at the gym, read a book on beach hammocks, or take part in yoga lessons.", "Early check-in & late check-out subject to availability. Guaranteed day use between 09.00 hrs& 16.00 hrs will be charged at 50% of published tariff, subject to availability. Guaranteed late check-out beyond 16.00 hrs will be charged one nights' room rate. FOOD. All meals will be served at the main restaurant. For cancellations received 30 days or more 100% refund; 14 days or more 50% refund; less than 14 days in advance of arrival no refund. No refund for cancellations on bookings from 20 Dec '15 to 10 Jan '16." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poovar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poovar", "http://www.poovarislandresorts.com/", "https://www.keralaholidays.com/Destinations/Poovar.htm", "http://www.clubmahindra.com/our-resorts/club-mahindra-poovar", "http://www.booking.com/hotel/in/poovar-island-resort.html", "http://www.poovarislandresorts.com/tariff.html" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, and it can appear anywhere on the body in multiple places at once. Ringworm is first visible 10 to 14 days after coming into contact with an infected person or animal. The skin infection is caused by a reaction to a fungus when it comes in contact with your skin. Ringworm is a common skin disorder that requires simple treatment. Over-the-counter anti-fungal topical treatments like Lotrimin or Lamisil can be applied daily to the area, clearing the condition within two weeks.", "The skin infection, also known as tinea, is caused by fungi called dermatophytes. Fungi are microscopic organisms that can live off the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails, much like a mushroom can grow on the bark of a tree. This video is showing how ringworm looks like. This pictures is showing how ringworm looks like.", "1 Ringworm causes a scaly, crusted rash that may appear as round, red patches on the skin.Other symptoms and signs of ringworm include patches of hair loss or scaling on the scalp, itching, and blister-like lesions. 1 Ringworm is a common fungal infection of the skin and is not due to a worm. 2 The medical term for ringworm is tinea. 3 The condition is further named for the site of the body where the infection occurs.", "Other conditions that occasionally look like ringworm include seborrhea, psoriasis, pityriasis, contact dermatitis (such as poison oak), drug reactions, tinea versicolor, vitiligo, erythema migrans (a rash seen in Lyme disease), and even lupus. ", "Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by an often itchy, reddish to brownish ring-shaped rash. Ringworm on the body is also known as tinea corporis and is related to other fungal infections such as ringworm of the scalp, athlete's foot and jock itch. Ad. The common symptoms of ringworm include: 1 A rash that is itchy, red, scaly, and raised, and which may blister or ooze. 2 A rash that has clearly defined edges. 3 The center of the rash is often unaffected skin, which is why the rash is called ringworm.", "Ringworm is a skin infection that is caused by a fungus. Ringworm can affect the skin anywhere on your body (tinea corporis), scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis, or athlete's foot), groin area (tinea cruris, or jock itch) or nails. Ringworm is often found in several places at once. WHAT DOES RINGWORM LOOK LIKE. Many people ask what does ringworm look like. This page contains information about ringworm, pictures of ring worm, and treatment options. You can click on any of the ring worm pics for more information about Phytozine, which we have found to be the most effective treatment for ringworm.", "Ringworm isn't caused by worms. The skin infection, also known as tinea, is caused by fungi called dermatophytes. Fungi are microscopic organisms that can live off the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails, much like a mushroom can grow on the bark of a tree. Ringworm is caused by a fungus that grows on the skin. Find out more about the fungal infection (tinea) known as ringworm. A fungal nail infection occurs when a fungus attacks a fingernail, a toenail, or the nail bed. The varicella-zoster virus is responsible for causing both chickenpox and shingles. Both are marked by an outbreak of rash or blister", "Certain fungi can help the body, but the dermatophyte type that cause ringworm irritate the skin instead. These fungi live off the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist areas, such as the skin folds of the groin area or between the toes. No. Ringworm is not caused by a worm. It's a fungal infection that often forms a ring-shaped rash. It can have a red center (seen here) or normal skin tone inside the ring." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5422695_ringworm-look-like.html", "http://www.howdoeslooklike.com/what-does-ringworm-look-like/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/ringworm/article.htm", "http://www.drgreene.com/qa-articles/ringworm-lookalikes/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Identify-and-Treat-Ringworm", "http://www.healthy-skin-guide.com/what-does-ringworm-look-like.html", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/ringworm-symptoms", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-ringworm" ] }

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[ "July 4, 1776" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Christopher Minster. Independence from Spain came suddenly for most of Latin America. Between 1810 and 1825, most of Spain's former colonies had declared and won independence and had divided up into republics. Sentiment had been growing in the colonies for some time, dating back to the American Revolution. After the war, Cuba became a US protectorate and was granted independence in 1902. In Puerto Rico, nationalist forces staged occasional uprisings, including a notable one in 1868. None were successful, however, and Puerto Rico did not become independent from Spain until 1898 as a result of the Spanish-American War.", "No. The United States was formed from 13 American colonies who declared their independence from Great Britain (UK) on July 4, 1776. They successfully fought the Revolutionary … War from 1775 to 1781, which ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. 1 person found this useful. The U.S. was originally thirteen British colonies. The American Revolutionary War was a war between these colonies and Great Britain for independence. On 4th July, 1776 the US … claimed its independence from England.", "Publisher. A+E Networks. On this day in 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence, which proclaims the independence of a new United States of America from Great Britain and its king. On July 4, 1917, the day on which the United States celebrates its independence, U.S. troops make their first public display of World War I, marching through the streets of Paris to the grave of the Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat and hero of the American Revolutionary War.", "The Declaration of Independence, 1776. By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists’ motivations for seeking independence. ", "The United States Continental Congress declared independance from England's king, and all the signatories finalized the document on July 4, 1776. The British sent troops and ships to start the rebellion. At that time, the British were probably the toughest military around, with the toughest navy in the world. The United States of America claimed independence in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, however we were not free from British control until the Treaty of Paris was sig … ned in 1783.", "Best Answer: Yes, we DECLARED independence July 4th, but that is not the answer. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4th, 1776, but the United States was not 'officially' independent from Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris was signed September 3, 1783 after the American Revolution.", "U.S. declares independence. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence, which proclaims the independence of the United States of America from Great Britain and its king. On July 4, 1917, the day on which the United States celebrates its independence, U.S. troops make their first public display of World War I, marching through the streets of Paris to the grave of the Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat and hero of the American Revolutionary War.", "On the 4th day of July, 1776 America, specifically the Thirteen Colonies, formally declared its independence from Great Britain. For more than a year before this, Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies had been waging war against each other. In summary, here are events leading to when did America gain independence. On July 2, the Continental Congress voted to declare independence. Finally, on July 4, 1776, the Thirteen Colonies officially decided and declared they were no longer part of Great Britain. The declaration was approved and released by Congress.", "The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at w … ar with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. The United States of America claimed independence in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, however we were not free from British control until the Treaty of Paris was sig … ned in 1783." ], "url": [ "http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/latinamericaindependence/a/independence.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_US_get_their_independence", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-colonies-declare-independence", "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/declaration", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_America_get_its_independence", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080203161258AA6EXAl", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-colonies-declare-independence", "http://www.whenguide.com/when-did-america-gain-independence.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_America_get_its_independence" ] }

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[ "Rice, Scallions, bean sprouts, cabbage, and gingerroot, Soybean curd, called tofu, pork, and chicken." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Prominent styles of Chinese cuisine outside China include Singaporean, Malaysian, Indonesian, Indian and American, but there is Chinese cuisine wherever Chinese people are found. The staple foods of Chinese cooking include rice, noodles, vegetables, and sauces and seasonings. The history of Chinese cuisine in China stretches back for thousands of years and has changed from period to period and in each region according to climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences.", "China is rich in tourist attractions. Delicious foods are an attraction indispensable in a good tour. With a long history, unique features, numerous styles and exquisite cooking, Chinese cuisine is one important constituent part of Chinese culture. ", "Quatr.us China. When you think of Chinese food you think of rice, and rice was the first grain that people farmed in China. There is archaeological evidence of rice farming along the Yang-tse River as early as about 5000 BC. People cooked rice by boiling it in water, the way they do today.", "The best dumplings I’ve ever had. Though not a traditional Chinese food in mainland China, momo mómo are common In tibet And Western. China there is conflict over the territory Of, tibet But i did eat these in The’people S republic Of, china so they made the. list ", "According to food critic Bonny Wolf, Chinese cuisine is one of the Three Grand Cuisines in the world, together with the French and Turkish cuisines. The Eight Culinary Cuisines of China are Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Szechuan, and Zhejiang cuisines. The history of Chinese cuisine in China stretches back for thousands of years and has changed from period to period and in each region according to climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences.", "For the Chinese people, rice is the staple food in everyday meals. They eat it as Westerners do with bread. Rice is cooked by boiling or steaming, till it absorbs as much water as it can. There is a rich collection of rice dishes in China. Chinese soup has been an important part of Chinese food culture for a long time. It is considered to be one of the most nutritious and digestible food types. Since in China, soups are eaten as one of the main dishes in a meal, particular attention is attached to the soups’ stocks. Meat, bones, eggs, marine products, vegetables, fruits, crops and edible fungus are used", "Rice is China's staple food. The Chinese word for rice is fan which also means meal.. Rice may be served with any meal, and is eaten several times a day. Scallions, bean sprouts, cabbage, and gingerroot are other traditional foods. Soybean curd, called tofu, is an important source of protein for the Chinese. Although the Chinese generally do not eat a lot of meat, pork and chicken are the most commonly eaten meats. Vegetables play a central role in Chinese cooking, too. There are four main regional types of Chinese cooking. 1 Mix ground pork (or beef), scallions, egg, salt, soy sauce, sugar, sesame oil, and water in a bowl. 2 Place 1 teaspoon of meat mixture in the center of a wonton skin. 3 Moisten the edges of wonton skin with water and fold it to form a triangle.", "Rice is the staple food of Chinese people in everyday meals. China is the world’s largest rice producer, and one of the earliest centers of rice cultivation. For thousands of years, the Chinese people have been diligently cultivating their land for favorable harvests. Chinese soup has been an important part of Chinese food culture for a long time. It is considered to be one of the most nutritious and digestible food types. Since in China, soups are eaten as one of the main dishes in a meal, particular attention is attached to the soups’ stocks. Meat, bones, eggs, marine products, vegetables, fruits, crops and edible fungus are used", "The most famous noodles dishes include Guilin Rice Noodles (see Guilin food), Guangzhou Shahefen (see Guangzhou food), and Lanzhou Hand-Pulled Noodles, one of the most popular muslim dishes in China. Chinese soup has been an important part of Chinese food culture for a long time. It is considered to be one of the most nutritious and digestible food types. Since in China, soups are eaten as one of the main dishes in a meal, particular attention is attached to the soups’ stocks. Meat, bones, eggs, marine products, vegetables, fruits, crops and edible fungus are used" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_cuisine", "http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-food/eight-chinese-dishes.htm", "http://www.quatr.us/china/food/", "http://www.travelfreak.net/traditional-chinese-food/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_cuisine", "http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-food/chinese-food-type.htm", "http://www.foodbycountry.com/Algeria-to-France/China.html", "http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-food/chinese-food-type.htm", "http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/chinese-food/chinese-food-type.htm" ] }

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[ "The theory of Pangea is that millions of years ago all the continents were joined together in one enormous land mass known as Pangea.", "The theory of Pangea is that millions of years ago all the continents were joined together in one enormous land mass known as Pangea. Then for a reason that is still not known for sure, the continents broke apart and began to drift in opposite directions.e named this land mass Gondwanaland." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pangaea was a supercontinent that formed around 300 million years ago and began to break up around 175 million years ago. It was a roughly C-shaped landmass that had all of our modern continents together as one. Its name is Ancient Greek. ", "In the case of Pangea nearly all of the Earth's continents were connected into one large landmass. It is believed that Pangea began forming about 300 million years ago, was fully together by 270 million years ago and began to separate around 200 million years ago. The name Pangea is ancient Greek and means all lands.. Pangea began to break up about 200 million years ago as a result of the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates and mantle convection.", "The explanation for Pangaea's formation ushered in the modern theory of plate tectonics, which posits that the Earth's outer shell is broken up into several plates that slide over Earth's rocky shell, the mantle. Pangaea formed through a gradual process spanning a few hundred million years. Beginning about 480 million years ago, a continent called Laurentia, which includes parts of North America, merged with several other micro-continents to form Euramerica.", "The theory of Pangea is that millions of years ago all the continents were joined together in one enormous land mass known as Pangea. Then for a reason that is still not known for sure, the continents broke apart and began to drift in opposite directions. He named this land mass Gondwanaland. For how Pangea looked, it is better shown through a picture, than through words. So, what is happening now with the continents. As we speak, the continents are moving, they are always moving, how they move so slowly that you cant tell. Some of the continents move merely 1.5 inches a year, while the others move with lightning speed of 2.5 inches per year. It's about as fast as your fingernails grow", "Pangaea or Pangea (/paenˈdʒiːə/) pænˈdʒiːə was a supercontinent that existed during the Late paleozoic and Early mesozoic. eras The concept was first proposed by Alfred Wegener, the originator of the theory of continental drift, in his 1912 publication The Origin of Continents (Die Entstehung der Kontinente).", "Pangea started to break up into smaller supercontinents, called Laurasia and Gondwanaland, during the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the continents were separating into land masses that look like our modern-day continents. An Austrian geologist stated that there had been once a land bridge connecting South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica. He named this land mass Gondwanaland. For how Pangea looked, it is better shown through a picture, than through words. So, what is happening now with the continents. As we speak, the continents are moving, they are always moving, how they move so slowly that you cant tell. Some of the continents move merely 1.5 inches a year, while the others move with lightning speed of 2.5 inches per year. It's about as fast as your fingernails grow", "1. Pangaea - (plate tectonics) a hypothetical continent including all the landmass of the earth prior to the Triassic period when it split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland. Pangea. plate tectonic theory, plate tectonics, tectonics-the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust. 1 Facebook", "In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a super ocean, Panthalassa. The concept was first proposed by Alfred Wegener, the originator of the theory of continental drift, in his 1912 publication The Origin of Continents (Die Entstehung der Kontinente)." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_Pangea", "http://geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/a/Pangea.htm", "http://www.livescience.com/38218-facts-about-pangaea.html", "http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/pangea/pangea.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea", "http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/pangea/pangea.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pangaea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea" ] }

[]

[ "Cooked" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The best Fit Fuel comes from a variety of foods, raw and cooked, so check out the list below for some ideas of how to eat what. Asparagus: Steaming asparagus ignites its cancer-fighting potential. Add a little salt and pepper and you’re done. Beets: Beets lose more than 25 percent of their folate when cooked. Eating them raw will preserve this brain compound. Broccoli: Steaming broccoli lightly is the best way to retain it’s myrosinase, an enzyme that helps cleanse the liver of carcinogens. ", "When … you boil the vegetable, you dilute and remove most of the goodness out of it. Steaming veggies is better, but still not as good as the a-la-natual. Tomatoes are a notable exception Most raw vegetables are superior to cooked ones with regard to vitamin content. Overcooking veggies can rob them of much of their nutritional conten", "Whether they're grated or thinly shaved, beets are wonderful to eat raw -- you get much more of that sweet flavor than when it's cooked. But it doesn't have to be all about beet salads -- we've got recipes that re-imagine beets as finger sandwiches and ravioli. See all the unique ways to eat raw beets in the slideshow. ", "Beets can be eaten cooked or raw; however, they lose more than 25 percent of their folate when cooked, according to Health magazine, making a case for eating these earthy vegetables in their natural state. Beets can be grated or shaved and combined with a variety of ingredients for fresh and nutritious salads. ", "Fiber. One of the major benefits of cooked beets over beet juice is their fiber content. A 1-cup serving of boiled beets contains 3.4 grams of dietary fiber, approximately 14 percent of the daily fiber intake requirements for women or 9 percent for men. While beet juice provides enough nitrates to offer health benefits, simply consuming foods rich in nitrates -- such as cooked beets -- does not seem to have the same effect, according to a study published in Nutrition Research in 2012. Opt for beet juice to reap the cardiovascular benefits of nitrates.", "Drink the juice raw because the most beneficial substances (like betalains) are lost when cooked. In addition, the oxalic acid in the beet becomes harmful when cooked, but is (in moderation) beneficial when raw(according to juice and nutrition experts Dr Walker, David Wolfe and Gabriel Cousins). Juice the whole beets: roots plus greens. The greens contain most of the healthy minerals and vitamins. One of the major benefits of beet juice it that it contains a color pigment called betalain. This is a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, fungicidal and aid in detoxification substance.", "Beet juice is a more concentrated source of betalains, although cooked beets contain much more fiber. Many nutrients in beets are destroyed by heat, so you need to be careful when cooking them. Beets are a rich source of phytonutrients called betalains -- red and yellow carotenoid pigments. Caution. Drinking beet juice and eating cooked beets may turn your urine red. An estimated 10 to 15 percent of people experience beeturia, which is reddening of the urine after consumption of beets.", "Beetroot juice. The common beetroot that is normally cooked and sliced or grated for salad is from the species Beta Vulgaris and the family Chenopodiaceae. Beetroot is commonly cooked, but the juice of raw beetroot contains a host of health benefits, and is classed as a super food in today s nutritional jargon. ", "Report Abuse. I've been researching the benefits of eating raw fruits and vegetables versus those of eating cooked fruits and vegetables. Findings: Sources in favour of eating raw, on average referenced nothing, and one listed various world scriptures as references instead. On the other side of the fence, this article supplies references for its claim that cooked veggies (and meat, for that matter) are better when cooked at low temperatures and for a long time so long as you eat everything including the water it was cooked in." ], "url": [ "http://fitstar.com/raw-versus-cooked-vegetables-which-is-better/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_it_better_to_eat_beet_root_raw_than_cooked", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/16/raw-beet-recipes_n_1676238.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/545062-can-i-eat-beets-without-cooking-them/", "http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/benefits-beet-juice-vs-cooked-beets-17701.html", "http://www.thebestofrawfood.com/benefits-of-beet-juice.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/557606-what-are-the-benefits-of-beet-juice-vs-cooked-beets/", "http://www.ageless.co.za/herb-beetroot-juice.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100517201933AADK1cd" ] }

[]

[ "Bacillus anthracis" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The most common of the 3 shapes of bacteria is cocci, or round bacteria. An example of a bacteria that appears round is Streptococcus. There are several variations of Streptococci, and they are distinguished in part by their arrangement.", "The three basic bacterial shapes are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spiral (twisted), however pleomorphic bacteria can assume several shapes. Shape of Bacterial Cell. 1 Cocci (or coccus for a single cell) are round cells, sometimes slightly flattened when they are adjacent to one another.", "For example, bacillus-shaped bacteria that have an inactivated MreB gene become coccoid shaped, and coccus-shaped bacteria naturally lack the MreB gene. Most bacteria come in one of three basic shapes: coccus, rod or bacillus, and spiral.", "The Size, Shape, And Arrangement Of Bacterial Cells. Most bacteria are 0.2 um in diameter and 2-8 um in length. The three basic bacterial shapes are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spiral (twisted), however pleomorphic bacteria can assume several shapes. Arrangement of cocci. Cocci may be oval, elongated, or flattened on one side.", "Here are examples of bacteria that are spherical shaped (Coccus): 1 Staph aureus. 2 S. epidermidis. 3 S. saphrophyticus. 4 S. haemolyticus. 5 S. hominis. 6 S. capitis. 7 S. schleiferi. 8 S. warneri.", "There are three main shapes of bacteria: bacillus, coccus, and spiral. Bacillus, or rod shaped bacteria, are one of the main forms, and are typically 0.5 micrometers to 1.0 micrometer in width, and from 1.0 micrometer to 4.0 micrometers in length. Examples of bacilli include Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, and the well known E. coli." ], "url": [ "http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/114460.aspx", "http://www.microbiologyinfo.com/different-size-shape-and-arrangement-of-bacterial-cells/", "http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/shape.html", "http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/courses/bio225/chap04/lecture2.htm", "http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-bacteria.html", "http://www.whatarebacteria.com/shapes-of-bacteria/" ] }

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[ "Located on the southern area of the Arabian Gulf and the northeastern side of the United Arab Emirates." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "So let’s establish once and for all where is Dubai located. Dubai is one of the greatest cities in the northeastern United Arab Emirates, with a population of 2.262.000 people, according to the 2010 census, and many more visitors every year. Dubai is an extraordinary place, a city located in the United Arab States. Dubai is close to the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf and is also one of the most modern cities in the world. Its architecture amazes any tourist and catches the eyes.", "In fact Dubai is not a country but it is a city located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) covering the total area of 4,114 sq km. It is one of the seven emirates that are forming a part of this nation. ", "Dubai is located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which is in the Middle East area. Dubai is often known as the world's most modern city. Dubai (in Arabic: دبيّ‎, transliteration: Dubaīy) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula. 1 Dubai is located in the United Emirates, and is home to the Mall of the Emirates. 2 The Mall of 3 …. The Unique Government of the Emirate of Dubai The Emirate of Dubai is a part of the United Arab Emirates, and its capital city is simply called Dubai.", "Well, Dubai is located on the northern coastline of the United Arab Emirates, at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. So this is where is Dubai located. Now that we have made that clear, you should know that if you come to Dubai, you will most likely be landing on Dubai International Airport. Dubai is an extraordinary place, a city located in the United Arab States. Dubai is close to the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf and is also one of the most modern cities in the world. Its architecture amazes any tourist and catches the eyes.", "The Dubai City's Exact Location. Dubai is located on the southern area of the Arabian Gulf and the northeastern side of the United Arab Emirates. The latitude of Dubai is 25°16 North and the longitude of Dubai is 55°16 East. Dubai extends to Hatta, an ancient village, which is 120 KM to the east and also extends to more than 115 KM on the Gulf Coast.", "Dubai is one of the seven emirates of the UAE and is the most populated city of the Emirates (UAE). It is located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula. The Dubai Municipality is sometimes called Dubai city to distinguish it from the emirate. Dubai is situated on the northeast coast of the United Arab Emirates and shares borders with Abu Dhabi in the south, Sharjah in the northeast, and the Sultanate of Oman in the southeast. In the Middle East on the beautiful Arabian Gulf. The UAE is made up of seven different emirates, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain, with Abu Dhabi the largest.", "Dubai (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY; Arabic: دبي ‎ Dubayy, [dʊˈbɑj]) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of the seven emirates that make up the country. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.", "Dubai is positioned on the northeast coast of the United Arab Emirates and have common borders with Abu Dhabi emirate in the south, Sharjah emirate in the northeast, and Oman in the southeast. Dubai city – source. ", "Location of Dubai on a map. Dubai is a city found in Dubai, The United Arab Emirates. It is located 25.07 latitude and 55.17 longitude and it is situated at elevation 3 meters above sea level. Dubai has a population of 1,137,347 making it the biggest city in Dubai. It operates on the GST time zone. ", "Filed under: Where is Dubai - 08 Mar 2012 | Spread the word ! Dubai is an extraordinary place, a city located in the United Arab States. Dubai is close to the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf and is also one of the most modern cities in the world. Its architecture amazes any tourist and catches the eyes." ], "url": [ "http://www.whereisdubai.com/", "http://www.thecountriesof.com/what-country-is-dubai-located-in/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_Dubai", "http://www.whereisdubai.com/", "http://www.visit-dubai-city.com/where-is-dubai-located.html", "http://www.counsellingdubai.com/where-is-dubai-located.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai", "https://where-is-dubai.com/where-is-dubai-located/", "http://www.worldatlas.com/as/ae/du/where-is-dubai.html", "http://www.whereisdubai.com/" ] }

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[ "At these plates grind past each other side by side.This type of boundary separates the North American plate from the Pacific plate along the San Andreas fault.", "It is Location where two plates slide past one another." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Thus at convergent boundaries, continental crust, made of granite, is created, and oceanic crust is destroyed. Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary. Natural or human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset—split into pieces and carried in opposite directions. There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.", "The most famous example of a transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California. The San Andreas Fault is the edges of the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The fault line runs through the Gulf of California and through the western part of California before running back under the ocean. In the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move around relative to each other. As a result of this movement, three types of plate boundaries are formed: divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.", "A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Along these boundaries, lava spews from long fissures and geysers spurt superheated water. Frequent earthquakes strike along the rift. Beneath the rift, magma—molten rock—rises from the mantle. There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.", "At transform plate boundaries plates grind past each other side by side. This type of boundary separates the North American plate from the Pacific plate along the San Andreas fault, a famous transform plate boundary that's responsible for many of California's earthquakes. The plates can push against each other, producing a convergent plate boundary, the plates can move apart, forming a divergent plate boundary, or the plates can slip past each other side to side, which geologists call transform plate boundaries. Wherever plates grind against each other, you can expect", "Introduction. A transform boundary is a fault zone where two plates slide past each other horizontally. Most transform faults are found in the ocean where they offset spreading ridges creating a zigzag pattern between the plates. Some transform faults occur on land. The San Andreas Fault is the transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the northern section of the San Andreas Fault slipped northward along the fault from San Juan Bautista to Cape Mendocino, a total of 296 miles (477km).", "Transform Plate Boundaries are locations where two plates slide past one another. The fracture zone that forms a transform plate boundary is known as a transform fault. Most transform faults are found in the ocean basin and connect offsets in the mid-ocean ridges. A smaller number connect mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones.", "Since the plates on either side of a transform boundary are merely sliding past each other and not tearing or crunching each other, transform boundaries lack the spectacular features found at convergent and divergent boundaries. ", "Transform Boundaries The final type of boundary is one where the two plates slide against each other in a sideways motion. These boundaries between plates is referred to as transform boundaries. As two plates slide past one another, in a transform boundary, neither plate is added to at the boundary, nor destroyed. The result of two massive plates pushing against one another is that massive amounts of energy build up.", "The third type is transform boundaries, or a boundary where plates slide past each other, forming strong earthquakes. All of this crashing, banging, and erupting are one reason why the surface of the earth has such a variety of landforms and features. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move around relative to each other. As a result of this movement, three types of plate boundaries are formed: divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries." ], "url": [ "http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/plate-boundaries.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/plate-boundaries-convergent-divergent-and-transform-boundaries.html", "http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/plate-boundaries.html", "http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/pltec3.html", "http://www.kids-fun-science.com/transform-boundary.html", "http://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml", "http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysFlr/plates4.html", "http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0047-transform-boundaries.php", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/plate-boundaries-convergent-divergent-and-transform-boundaries.html" ] }

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[ "Geographic location refers to a position on the Earth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Geographic location refers to a position on the Earth. Your absolute geographic location is defined by two coordinates, longitude and latitude. These two coordinates can be used to give specific locations independent of an outside reference point. Relative location, on the other hand, defines a location in terms of another. For example, Lille is north of Paris. The coordinate system of geographic location is used to represent specific locations on the globe. Because longitude and latitude lines form a grid on the Earth, you can pinpoint precise locations with just two coordinates.", "Full Definition of GEOGRAPHY. 1. : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface. 2. : the geographic features of an area. 3. : a treatise on geography. ", "The term location generally implies a higher degree of certainty than place, which often indicates an entity with an ambiguous boundary, relying more on human/social attributes of place identity and sense of place than on geometry. An absolute location is designated using a specific pairing of latitude and longitude in a Cartesian coordinate grid — for example, a Spherical coordinate system or an ellipsoid-based system such as the World Geodetic System — or similar methods.", "Most geographic study begins with learning the location of places. Location can be absolute or relative. Absolute location provides a definite reference to locate a place. The reference can be latitude and longitude, a street address, or even the Township and Range system.", "The terms location and place in geography are used to identify a point or an area on the Earth 's surface or elsewhere. An absolute location is designated using a specific pairing of latitude and longitude in a Cartesian coordinate grid — for example, a Spherical coordinate system or an ellipsoid-based system such as the World Geodetic System — or similar methods.", "The definition of geographical conditions is a term that is used to describe the geography of an area. This could be used to describe the geography of a state, for example … the geographical condition could be mountainous. 6 people found this useful. Sim Orleans. 3 Contributions. Site refers to the internal characteristics of a place (house, city, country, state) that describe where it is. Examples: coastal plain, mountain top, river delta. … Situation refers to the external characteristics (what is nearby) that make that location attractive.", "Absolute: A location can be absolute (specific) as in coordinates of a map using longitude and latitude. Relative: A location can be relative-examples: next door, nearby, a short drive, down the road a ways. Or, it can be in the same general location as another location-example: next to the post office.", "The definition of geographical conditions is a term that is used to describe the geography of an area. This could be used to describe the geography of a state, for example … the geographical condition could be mountainous. 6 people found this useful. Sim Orleans. " ], "url": [ "http://classroom.synonym.com/geographic-location-mean-8667.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/geography", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_%28geography%29", "http://geography.about.com/od/teachgeography/a/5themes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_%28geography%29", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_definition_of_geographic_location", "http://geography.mrdonn.org/5themes-definitions.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_geographic_location" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Any withdrawal that is made before you reach the full retirement age for a Roth IRA (59 ½ years-old) is a non-qualified Roth IRA distribution. This also assumes that the distribution was made for a reason that was not listed above. There are many exceptions to the rule of Roth IRA withdrawals.", "A withdrawal is considered qualified when it is made after the account holder has attained age 59½ (or in the event of death or disability) and a minimum of five years has elapsed since January 1 of the year of the first contribution to the Roth 401(k) account.", "You can either have a qualified distribution or non-qualified Roth IRA distributions. Qualified distributions from your Roth IRA are the typical withdrawals that we consider with the popular retirement accounts. When you withdrawal money after reaching the age of 59 ½ years-old, that is a qualified distribution. It is fully qualified in the IRS’s eyes to be withdrawn tax-free.", "Penalties on Earnings from Contributions. Unless an exception applies, most distributions from a Roth IRA before the owner reaches age 59 1/2 will be subject to an early withdrawal penalty of 10% on the amount of the distribution.", "Unless you use money that you withdrawal from your Roth IRA for one of the previously listed reasons, your withdrawals from your Roth IRA’s earnings will be considered a non-qualified Roth IRA distributions and will be taxed as ordinary income.", "DEFINITION of 'Qualified Distribution'. Distributions made from a Roth IRA that are tax and penalty free. In order to be a qualified distribution, the following two requirements must be met: 1) It must occur at least five years after the Roth IRA owner established and funded his/her first Roth IRA.", "A non-qualified distribution is subject to taxation of earnings and a 10% additional tax unless an exception applies. For Roth IRAs, you can always remove post-tax penalty contributions (also known as basis) from your Roth IRA without penalty.", "A: To make a qualified withdrawal from a Roth 401(k) account, the account holder must have been contributing to the account for at least the previous five years and be either 59 1/2 years old, deceased, or completely and permanently disabled." ], "url": [ "http://www.rothira.com/blog/understanding-non-qualified-roth-ira-distributions", "http://www.morganstanleyfa.com/public/projectfiles/627909bb-5718-4c45-b372-8f66239bd7bc.pdf", "http://www.rothira.com/blog/understanding-non-qualified-roth-ira-distributions", "http://www.fool.com/money/allaboutiras/allaboutiras07.htm", "http://www.rothira.com/blog/understanding-non-qualified-roth-ira-distributions", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualifieddistribution.asp", "http://www.rothira.com/roth-ira-withdrawal-rules", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/101314/what-are-roth-401k-withdrawal-rules.asp" ] }

[]

[ "It is usually between $30 to $36 with a $50 activation fee.", "$30 to $36 with a $50 activation fee" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "If you're honestly looking for a number I can give you the price of the one I go to. It should at least give you a rough guess of how much it might costs, but like everyone else said it will vary depending on where you are. 1 year Membership: $33 a month plus a one-time $39 key-fee for anytime access. 2 year Membership: $29 a month plus a one-time $39 key-fee for anytime access. My gym also has a cheaper access key you can get for only $10. That's what I go. It won't be the same in your area. You'll have to call them", "We fit your busy schedule and on-the-go lifestyle. With your membership, you can work out when it’s best for you—day or night! Our clubs are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. At Anytime Fitness you hold the key, literally. Access to our clubs is protected by our state-of-the-art security system and will only be granted with the proper key. one membership, thousands of clubs. As a neighborhood-style fitness club, we are right where you need us. Close to home or close to work, we've got you covered. Unlike most gyms, your Anytime Fitness membership allows you to visit thousands of clubs, at no extra cost.", "3. Get Real ... for $25 per month you couldn't even buy one of my treadmills in 20 years. You might be able to buy one of them in 15 years at $40 per month. A high-end commercial grade treadmill costs $7K+. ", "1 Monthly fees average $35 to $40 for a single membership, but can be as low as $20 depending on age, location and whether customers are willing to sign an extended contract. 2 Many health clubs also charge an average enrollment fee of $40, but some can charge more than $100. 1 A 30-day membership, which allows access to the gym only three days a week, is $19. 2 Gyms often discount fees for students, seniors and families. 3 At many of its locations, Snap Fitness offers family plans for an average of $50 a month, but children must live at home and be 18 or younger.", "If there's good films to see, I'll see it. Ask me anything! The average price for a yearly membership with Anytime Fitness Center will roughly cost you about $36 a month. They offer a 24 hour gym that comes complete with a spa and a tanning area. Make sure to contact your nearest Anytime Fitness Center location to see what possible membership deals and specials are available.", "Anytime Fitness Prices. Anytime Fitness is a health fitness center, with 1,935 clubs in the United States and 474 more around the world. With more than a million members, Fitness operates in several countries including Canada, Japan, Australia, the UK, Qatar, New Zealand, Spain and many other countries. If you are not sure of the fee, you can check the Anytime Fitness Membership Agreement, where you will also find information on cancellation fees. The yearly membership also varies depending on the location, although the rate is usually in the $450 to $500 range.", "Anytime Fitness Membership Fees and Benefits. Anytime Fitness prices will depend on the kind of membership you apply for and where, although the cost is usually $30 to $36 with a $50 activation fee. However, in other clubs the membership fee is $44 for a single monthly membership and $39 for a 12 month membership. If you are not sure of the fee, you can check the Anytime Fitness Membership Agreement, where you will also find information on cancellation fees. The yearly membership also varies depending on the location, although the rate is usually in the $450 to $500 range." ], "url": [ "http://www.anytimehealth.com/questions/194-how-much-is-a-membership-at-anytime-fitness?page=2", "https://www.anytimefitness.com/membership/", "http://anytimehealth.com/questions/194-How-much-is-a-membership-at-Anytime-Fitness", "http://fitness.costhelper.com/fitness-club.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_is_a_membership_at_Anytime_Fitness_Center", "http://www.gymmembershipfees.com/anytime-fitness-prices/", "http://www.gymmembershipfees.com/anytime-fitness-prices/" ] }

[]

[ "Two weeks" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Acceptable ID for your provisional driving licence application. 1 UK passport – If you have a valid UK passport no more than 5 years old you need only enter the passport number on the application to confirm your ID. 2 Other forms of ID. Complete a D1 Application for a Provisional Driving Licence available from the Post Office. Alternately go online to DVLA order forms and have the D1 Form sent in the post. Complete and return your application to DVLA, you will need to include a photo for your photo card.", "Apply online for your provisional driving licence. Apply for a provisional driving licence online .You require a valid UK passport no more than five years old and you won’t have to provide a photo. Online is quicker and cheaper than with a postal application. Complete a D1 Application for a Provisional Driving Licence available from the Post Office. Alternately go online to DVLA order forms and have the D1 Form sent in the post. Complete and return your application to DVLA, you will need to include a photo for your photo card.", "Apply for your first provisional driving licence. Get your first provisional driving licence for a car, moped or motorcycle from. online. Apply using your Government Gateway ID. If you don’t have one or need to re-register, you’ll get an ID as part of your application. Start now on driving licensing online. To get your first provisional driving licence online for a car, motorcycle or moped you must: 1 be a resident of Great Britain-there’s a different service in Northern Ireland. You can apply for a provisional driving licence when you’re 15 years and 9 months old. You can start driving when you’re: 1 17 if you want to drive a car. 2 16 if you want to ride a moped or light quad bike", "The DVLA aim to get everyone’s licence sent to them within 2 weeks of receiving their application. Obviously if you apply online, they’ll get your application that much quicker (especially if they can snag your pic from your passport), but even so, they do have a fairly speedy turn-around on written submissions. The application form is quite simple, and can be done online at DirectGov, (here's a convenient link straight to the Provisional Licence application page on the DirectGov website, or you can by pick up a D1 application form from most post office branches.", "If you don’t have the D798 reminder and want to apply by post, fill in form D1 ‘Application for a driving licence’, available from the DVLA form ordering service and selected Post Offices. Your driving licence should arrive within 3 weeks. It might take longer if your medical or personal details need to be checked. Your driving licence should arrive within a week if you apply online. You must send your old photocard licence to. when you get your new licence. You’ll be told the address to use when you finish the application.", "Apply by post for the provisional licence. Complete a D1 Application for a Provisional Driving Licence available from the Post Office. Alternately go online to DVLA order forms and have the D1 Form sent in the post. Complete and return your application to DVLA, you will need to include a photo for your photo card. The licence should arrive within two weeks", "You can use our service in order to apply for your first British provisional driving licence online as long as you: 1 Have not previously had a provisional licence. 2 Are a resident of Great Britain. 3 Can meet the minimum age requirement. 4 Can meet the minimum eyesight requirement. The official advice from the DVLA is that you can drive before you receive your licence as long as you: 1 Have held a UK licence issued since 1 January 1976 or another exchangeable licence. 2 Are not disqualified from driving.", "*Bear in mind that you need a photograph and signature for your provisional driving licence. If you’re using snail mail, simply include both when you post your application back. If you’re applying online, the DVLA will (if possible) use your photograph and signature from your UK passport. If you don’t have a passport, or don’t want them to use it for your provisional licence, simply state this during the application and they’ll send out a form for you to complete in the more traditional way. The application form is quite simple, and can be done online at DirectGov, (here's a convenient link straight to the Provisional Licence application page on the DirectGov website, or you can by pick up a D1 application form from most post office branches.", "You must renew a photocard licence every 10 years-you’ll receive a reminder before your current licence ends. There’s a different service if you want to renew your licence and you’re 70 or over. Your driving licence should arrive within a week if you apply online. You must send your old photocard licence to. when you get your new licence. You’ll be told the address to use when you finish the application." ], "url": [ "http://youngcardriver.com/learning/provisional-driving-licence/", "http://youngcardriver.com/learning/provisional-driving-licence/", "https://www.gov.uk/apply-first-provisional-driving-licence", "http://www.thedrivingtests.co.uk/start-driving/provisional-licence/", "https://www.gov.uk/renew-driving-licence", "http://youngcardriver.com/learning/provisional-driving-licence/", "https://drivinglicenceapplications.org.uk/index.php/Main/faq", "http://www.thedrivingtests.co.uk/start-driving/provisional-licence/", "https://www.gov.uk/renew-driving-licence" ] }

[]

[ "Four years.", "It takes four year for biomedical engineering degree." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$34,750. The median annual wage for biomedical engineers was $86,960 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $52,600, and the top 10 percent earned more than $139,450. Employment of biomedical engineers is projected to grow 27 percent from 2012 to 2022, much faster than the average for all occupations. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast growth will result in only about 5,200 new jobs over the 10-year period.", "The median annual wage for biomedical engineers was $86,960 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $52,600, and the top 10 percent earned more than $139,450. Employment of biomedical engineers is projected to grow 27 percent from 2012 to 2022, much faster than the average for all occupations. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast growth will result in only about 5,200 new jobs over the 10-year period.", "A Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering is a kind of bachelor's degree typically conferred after a four year undergraduate course of study in biomedical engineering (BME). As with many engineering fields, a bachelor's degree is usually the minimum and often most common degree for a profession in BME, though it is not uncommon for the bachelor's degree to serve as a launching pad into graduate studies. ABET does accredit undergraduate programs in the field.", "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the average annual salary earned by a biomedical engineer was $81,450. PayScale.com lists the median pay at $79,500, while the top of the salary range is at $124,000. Median pay is for 5-7 years experience in the field. Top pay comes with the 90th percentile. The master's strengthens experience in the sciences, and animal and human medicine. Earning two degrees in 5 years is an excellent beginning to a successful career as a biomedical engineer. Duke's BME combines hands-on experience with interdisciplinary research in the detection and treatment of human disease.", "With that being said, you must research various schools that offer this particular degree. In general, engineering master's degrees are 30 semester units. Depending on how fast you decide to tackle it, the degree can take you anywhere from 1 to 2 years. This is assuming you decide to study full-time. If you decide to study part-time, the degree should take you no more than 4 years. ", "A relatively new discipline, biomedical engineering involves research and development that combine medical and biological sciences for the advancement of all healthcare disciplines. It is a growing and evolving career field and according to CNNMoney.com, is the #1 Best Job for 2012 in America. The master's strengthens experience in the sciences, and animal and human medicine. Earning two degrees in 5 years is an excellent beginning to a successful career as a biomedical engineer. Duke's BME combines hands-on experience with interdisciplinary research in the detection and treatment of human disease.", "The Bachelor of Engineering Science in Biomedical Engineering-BEngSc(BME) is a new three year degree programme which has been designed to give students a thorough understanding of the application of quantitative sciences and engineering methods to problems in medicine and biology. ", "The range for a mid-level engineer with a master's degree and five to 10 years of experience is $51,404 to $84,098; and the range for a senior engineer with a master's degree or doctorate and more than 15 years of experience is $82,490 to $112,063. ", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Biomedical Engineer I in the United States is $51,209 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Biomedical Engineer I in the United States are expected to make less than $51,209. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Median $51,209. ", "Many biomedical engineers complete a 4-year degree in 5 years. In addition to standard engineering degrees, many colleges offer 2 year and 4 year engineering technology degrees to biomedical engineers. These programs are more hands-on, focusing on the current issues in engineering principles. Biomedical engineers earn median annual salaries of $82,550. The highest 10 percent earn above $123,270, the lowest 10 percent earn below $49,480 and the middle 50 percent earn between $60,980 and $100,890. Engineers earn some of the highest starting salaries among college graduates with bachelor’s degrees." ], "url": [ "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/biomedical-engineers.htm", "https://collegegrad.com/careers/biomedical-engineers", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Biomedical_Engineering", "http://educatingengineers.com/degrees/biomedical-engineering", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100207075408AAP3G8q", "http://educatingengineers.com/degrees/biomedical-engineering", "http://www.eie.wits.ac.za/undergrad-program/bme", "http://www.livescience.com/48001-biomedical-engineering.html", "http://www1.salary.com/Biomedical-Engineer-I-salary.html", "http://www.campusexplorer.com/careers/D789FBF8/biomedical-engineers/" ] }

[]

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In 2002, 1,000 kcal of healthy food-as defined by government criteria-cost an average of £5.65, compared to purchasing the same quantity of energy from less healthy food at £1.77. The average increase of healthy foods rose by £1.84 per 1,000 calories over the decade, while unhealthy food rose by 73 pence for the same energy intake, the study found.", "Vending Machine Lease Average Costs. Leasing a vending machine typically involves a monthly fee. Prices begin at around $50 per month and range upwards of $150 per month. Often, snack machines are slightly more expensive than soda machines. In addition, you’ll have to purchase enough products to keep the machines stocked", "1,000 calories made up from healthy items cost an average of £7.49 in 2012 while the same calorie intake from less healthy items, including doughnuts, could be purchased for an average of £2.50 Photo: Alamy. The average increase of healthy foods rose by £1.84 per 1,000 calories over the decade, while unhealthy food rose by 73 pence for the same energy intake, the study found.", "While less healthy foods had a slightly greater price rise in percentage terms, the absolute increase was significantly more for more healthy foods-a total average increase of £1.84 per 1,000 kcal for more healthy food across the decade, compared 73 pence for less healthy food. The average increase of healthy foods rose by £1.84 per 1,000 calories over the decade, while unhealthy food rose by 73 pence for the same energy intake, the study found.", "The average cost per month for office supplies depends on the size and type of business as well as the cost of the supplies used. You can calculate your company's average monthly supply costs by multiplying the cost of each item used by the amount of each item you use per month. Writing utensils are common office supplies, with pens costing between $1 and $5 per pen, depending on the type of pen and ink. You can get a discount for bulk orders of many desk supplies. A box of 50 pens can cost as low as 24 cents per pen, according to the Staples website.", "1 It costs an average of about $47,000 per year to incarcerate an inmate in prison in California. 2 Over two-thirds of these costs are for security and inmate health care. 3 Since 2000-01, the average annual cost has increased by about $19,500. Miscellaneous. $116. Total. $47,102. 1 It costs an average of about $47,000 per year to incarcerate an inmate in prison in California. 2 Over two-thirds of these costs are for security and inmate health care. 3 Since 2000-01, the average annual cost has increased by about $19,500.", "Your company's average monthly spending on office supplies depends on how much of each item you use per month and how often each item needs to be replaced. The average monthly cost of office supplies in the U.S. is $19, according to the financial website Bundle. Your company's expenses may be higher or lower depending on the size of the company and rate of supply use. Writing utensils are common office supplies, with pens costing between $1 and $5 per pen, depending on the type of pen and ink. You can get a discount for bulk orders of many desk supplies. A box of 50 pens can cost as low as 24 cents per pen, according to the Staples website.", "The mean reported cost of producing a reimbursable breakfast was $1.46, and the mean full cost was $1.81. Food and labor accounted for the vast majority (90 percent) of the average SFA’s reported costs. Food costs, including donated commodities, accounted for 46 percent of reported costs, while labor costs accounted for 45 percent of reported costs. Key Findings For most reimbursable lunches and in most SFAs, reported costs were less than the Federal free lunch subsidy. For the average SFA, the mean reported cost to produce a reimbursable lunch was $2.36, less than the Federal free lunch subsidy of $2.495." ], "url": [ "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/11149644/Healthy-diet-costs-three-times-that-of-junk-food.html", "http://www.costowl.com/b2b/office-vending-machine-service-cost.html", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/11149644/Healthy-diet-costs-three-times-that-of-junk-food.html", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/11149644/Healthy-diet-costs-three-times-that-of-junk-food.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/average-cost-per-month-office-supplies-12771.html", "http://www.lao.ca.gov/PolicyAreas/CJ/6_cj_inmatecost", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/average-cost-per-month-office-supplies-12771.html", "http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/MealCostStudySummary.pdf" ] }

[]

[ "Change of physical form, structure, or substance.", "To change the form or nature of; transform." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. Metamorphosis is a biological process. It's when an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, and involves a change in the animal's form through cell growth. Some insects undergo metamorphosis, which is usually (but not always) accompanied by a change of habitat or behavior. Metamorphosis means the process of change, turning from one thing to another. The best example of metamorphosis is when a caterpillar changes into a beautiful butterfly!! This process is called metamorphosis. elibw · 9 years ago.", "Full Definition of METAMORPHOSIS. 1. a: change of physical form, structure, or substance especially by supernatural means b: a striking alteration in appearance, character, or circumstances. 2. 2. : a typically marked and more or less abrupt developmental change in the form or structure of an animal (as a butterfly or a frog) occurring subsequent to birth or hatching. See metamorphosis defined for English-language learners. See metamorphosis defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "Metamorphosis (noun). change of form, or structure; transformation. Metamorphosis (noun). a change in the form or function of a living organism, by a natural process of growth or development; as, the metamorphosis of the yolk into the embryo, of a tadpole into a frog, or of a bud into a blossom. A change in the form and often habits of an animal after the embryonic stage during normal development. (e.g. the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly or a tadpole into a frog.). metamorphosis (Noun). A change in the structure of a specific body tissue. Usually degenerative.", "Medical Definition of METAMORPHOSIS. 1. : change of physical form, structure, or substance. 2. : a marked and more or less abrupt developmental change in the form or structure of an animal (as a butterfly or a frog) occurring subsequent to birth or hatching. 2. : a typically marked and more or less abrupt developmental change in the form or structure of an animal (as a butterfly or a frog) occurring subsequent to birth or hatching. See metamorphosis defined for English-language learners. See metamorphosis defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "The noun METAMORPHOSIS has 3 senses: 1. the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals. 2. a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances. 3. a complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft. Familiarity information: METAMORPHOSIS used as a noun is uncommon. ", "met•a•mor•phose. 1. to change the form or nature of; transform. 2. to subject to metamorphosis or metamorphism. 3. to undergo or be capable of undergoing a change in form or nature. ", "Full Definition of METAMORPHOSE. transitive verb. 1. a: to change into a different physical form especially by supernatural means b: to change strikingly the appearance or character of: transform. 2. : to cause (rock) to undergo metamorphism. intransitive verb. 1. : to undergo metamorphosis. 2. ", "• METAMORPHIC (adjective). The adjective METAMORPHIC has 2 senses: 1. of or relating to metamorphosis (especially of rocks). 2. characterized by metamorphosis or change in physical form or substance. Familiarity information: METAMORPHIC used as an adjective is rare. Dictionary entry details.", "Definition of METAMORPHOSIS for Kids. 1. : a great change in appearance or character. 2. : the process of great and usually rather sudden change in the form and habits of some animals during transformation from an immature stage (as a caterpillar) to an adult stage (as a butterfly). 2. : a typically marked and more or less abrupt developmental change in the form or structure of an animal (as a butterfly or a frog) occurring subsequent to birth or hatching. See metamorphosis defined for English-language learners. See metamorphosis defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061124164714AATBao6", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/metamorphosis", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/metamorphosis.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/metamorphosing", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphose", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/metamorphic.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Muesli is a nutritious breakfast cereal made up of whole grains, dried fruit, nuts, and seeds. It was made popular in the late 19th century by Maximilian Bircher-Benner, a Swiss physician who ran a sanatorium in Switzerland. ", "Breakfast Recipes Easy High-protein Breakfast Stir-fry for the Daniel Fast 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 medium onion, sliced 1/2 green pepper, chopped 1 cup firm tofu, diced in bite-sized pieces Fresh Italian herbs to taste Heat a skillet over medium heat. So from these scriptures we get two of the guidelines for the fast: 1. Only fruits and vegetables 2. Only water for a beverage In Daniel 10 we read that the Prophet ate no meat nor any breads or foods and he drank no wine for 21 days. So from this scripture, we get a third guideline: 3.", "Black Bean Chili Recipe. Using 1 Tablespoon of olive oil in a skillet, saute the following ingredients together until softened: 1 Red onion, chopped. 2 Garlic, minced. 3 Red & green bell pepper. 4 Whole kernel corn (bag of frozen corn). 5 Portabella mushrooms diced. 6 Can of petite diced tomatoes. 7 Chili powder. 8 1 tsp. chopped chipotle pepper in adobo sauce. Favorite Meals. Breakfast – Quaker Oats Old Fashioned Oatmeal made with cinnamon, ground flax, dash of sea salt, & walnuts. Sometimes I add chopped apple to the mix. Lunch – I take a lunch to work where there is a microwave available, so one of my favs is Black Bean Chili (recipe below) with Scoops.", "Yes, these are Daniel-Fast-ready oatmeal raisin cookies: no sugar, butter, no processed flour. However, they have a taste not unlike those no-bake cookies from the store. What these cookies do have is peanut butter(!), applesauce, oat flour, and something called date honey. ", "Yes, mushrooms are great to eat in your Daniel Fast Diet. They are listed on the Foods to eat page as vegetables. So you can fry some up with some onions in a little extra virgin olive oil and put them on your veggie burgers between your whole grain hamburger buns. I'm not sure where you read about 3 cups of oatmeal. Oatmeal is allowed in the Daniel Diet, along with all other whole grains. You can eat as much of whole grain products raw or cooked as you desire.", "Duration : You can do the Daniel Fast for 3 days, 10 days, 21 days, or 40 days. Many do the Daniel Diet for a lifetime. Even Non-Christians have found Daniel's Vegan diet to be a source of healing for a long duration. Read more about duration of a Daniel Diet. I'm not sure where you read about 3 cups of oatmeal. Oatmeal is allowed in the Daniel Diet, along with all other whole grains. You can eat as much of whole grain products raw or cooked as you desire.", "Fruits and Vegetables. You can eat any type of fruit on The Daniel Fast, including fresh, frozen or canned fruits, as long as they contain no artificial flavoring or coloring. Added sugar also is not allowed. Following the same guidelines, you can also eat any type of vegetable on The Daniel Fast. You can eat only unleavened bread made without yeast or baking powder. No processed or refined breads are allowed, whole grain flatbreads or breads made without yeast, available in health food stores, can be eaten. You can also eat unrefined brown rice, barley, oats and other whole grains.", "Foods to Avoid on the Daniel Fast. According to the Daniel Fast website, you should abstain from all animal and dairy products, sweeteners such as honey and sugar, bread, and leavening agents such as yeast and baking powder. Artificial and processed foods, chemicals and food additives are also not allowed. If you follow a more modern-day Daniel Fast, you may eat all plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. You may also eat whole grains such as oats, wheat, barley and corn.", "Since oat comes from grains, it is one of the allowed foods on the Daniel Fast. However, if you want to follow the stricter guidelines, then you should prepare oatmeal at home instead of buying the packaged version. You may use oat bran or rolled oats, boiling the grain in water until it cooks. If you follow a more modern-day Daniel Fast, you may eat all plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. You may also eat whole grains such as oats, wheat, barley and corn.", "Foods to Eat on the Daniel Fast. According to biblical accounts, Daniel ate only foods grown from seeds and drank only water. If you follow a more modern-day Daniel Fast, you may eat all plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. You may also eat whole grains such as oats, wheat, barley and corn." ], "url": [ "http://www.ultimatedanielfast.com/daniel-fast-breakfast-cereal/", "http://nmi.nazarene.org/Stories/docs/Praying/PrayerFast/Fasting/Daniel_Fast_Recipe.pdf", "http://www.claimgodsbest.com/?p=947", "https://bythewayblog.wordpress.com/2011/08/23/daniels-fast-cookies-my-way/", "http://www.christ-web.com/daniel-fast/labels/whole-grain.html", "http://www.christ-web.com/daniel-fast/labels/whole-grain.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/339947-things-that-you-can-can-not-eat-on-the-daniel-fast/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/473877-can-i-eat-oatmeal-on-the-daniel-fast/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/473877-can-i-eat-oatmeal-on-the-daniel-fast/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/473877-can-i-eat-oatmeal-on-the-daniel-fast/" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When you define a new interface, you are defining a new reference data type. You can use interface names anywhere you can use any other data type name. If you define a reference variable whose type is an interface, any object you assign to it must be an instance of a class that implements the interface. As an example, here is a method for finding the largest object in a pair of objects, for any objects that are instantiated from a class that implements Relatable :", "A class can extend one other class and implement any number of interfaces. An interface can extend any number of interfaces. When a class implements an interface it implements all of the methods declared in that interface. You can have variables and parameters of an interface type. A method in Java that has a parameter of interface type is nearly the same as a function template in C++. A class that uses interfaces to type any variables or parameters behaves very similarly to a class template in C++. Just think of the interface names as if they were template arguments.", "In this section we will see some important properties of interface in Java. 1. Interface in java is declared using keyword interface and it represent a Type like any Class in Java. a reference variable of type interface can point to any implementation of that interface in Java.", "Note that a type is something that can be used to declare variables. A type can also be used to specify the type of a parameter in a subroutine, or the return type of a function. In Java, a type can be either a class, an interface, or one of the eight built-in primitive types. These are the only possibilities. ", "add a comment |. up vote 0 down vote. In Java, interface doesn't allow you to declare any instance variables. Using a variable declared in an interface as an instance variable will return a compile time error. You can declare a constant variable, using static final which is different from an instance variable. ", "No. Interface variables are supposed to be public static final. Interfaces, like abstract classes, cannot be instantiated, so all variables in an interface must be static final ones. They are public because usually interfaces are used throughout an application, and this will ensure versatility. Private variables (and methods) in Java are those members of a class which can only be accessed by that class and other methods of that class.", "In Java, you can think of the compiler as the bucket police. It ensures that programmers declare and use variables properly. To declare a variable in Java, all that is needed is the data type followed by the variable name : In the above example, a variable called numberOfDays has been declared with a data type of int. ", "When a class implements an interface, the interface serves as a type that can be used to refer to instances of the class. That a class implements an interface should therefore say something about what a client can do with instances of the class. It is inappropriate to define an interface for any other purpose. All the variables are implicitly public static final in a Java Interface. Is it a good coding practice to use public static final in constant variable although it is declared inside an Interface.", "Once a Java class implements an Java interface you can use an instance of that class as an instance of that interface. Here is an example: Notice how the variable is declared to be of the interface type MyInterface while the object created is of type MyInterfaceImpl. Before you can really use an interface, you must implement that interface in some Java class. Here is a class that implements the MyInterface interface shown above: Notice the implements MyInterface part of the above class declaration." ], "url": [ "http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/interfaceAsType.html", "http://csis.pace.edu/~bergin/papers/Interface.html", "http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2012/04/10-points-on-interface-in-java-with.html", "http://math.hws.edu/javanotes/c5/s7.html", "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2430756/why-are-interface-variables-static-and-final-by-default", "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_java_can_we_define_private_and_protected_modifiers_for_variables_in_interfaces", "http://java.about.com/od/understandingdatatypes/a/declaringvars.htm", "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12518859/public-static-final-declaration-of-an-instance-variables-in-java-interfaces", "http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java/interfaces.html" ] }

[]

[ "Around $42.00." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Convert at that rate, and Germans only pay around 92 dollars a month for electricity – compared to the US average of 110 dollars. But even at the higher exchange rate from 2014, German power bills would still only come in right at around 110 dollars. In 2015, the average German household power bill fell slightly from 85 euros to 84 euros per month. What’s more, that level is relatively low compared to US averages.", "In 2004 an average home paid just £277 for gas and £288 for electricity, totalling £565. By 2014 the total cost for 15,000 kWh of gas and 3,800 kWh of electricity had risen to a staggering £1,344. In the chart below we show how the bill for a ‘standard user’ has increased over time. These are for the old ‘standard user’ from Ofgem but are right in line with the current average.", "You have to consider the size of your apartment and the general climate. An average electric bill may be as low as $30 per month or as high as $100. Gas may cost, on average, anywhere from $40 to $150 and can fluctuate depending on the season. ", "Tags: electricity, conservation. * The average residential monthly bill is $95.66 * Average residential monthly use is 920 kilowatt hours (kWh) * The average price paid per kWh is 10.4 cents, so about a dime. My average monthly electric bill is around $42.00 U.S. My average monthly usage is 240 kilowatt hours (kWh) The average price I pay is something like $10.6 / kWh I'm pretty efficient, but let's see.. A lot of the compact fluorescents are 27W jobs, and I'm getting more 13W ones to replace those energy hogs.", "Depending on whether a state is hot or cold, urban or rural, an average household can use as little as 531 kWh a month (Maine) or as much as 1,245 kWh (Louisiana). Costs vary state-by-state, too. Hawaiians pay the most for electricity ($203 a month) and New Mexicans pay the least ($75 a month). As for our Inside Energy focus states: 1 Colorado homes use 706 kWh and spend $81 per month. But there’s another value listed: how much energy you actually used. If you are a perfectly average American living in a perfectly average household, your monthly electricity bill will read 903 kilowatt hours (kWh), which costs $107, per household.", "I use less that 400 kWh per month and my bills are over one hundred dollars. My current bill has me using 371 kWh for 30 days and the bill is $122. Even if I subtract the sales tax and some of the state imposed surcharges that Con Edison passes on to the customer, my rate per kWh is 30 cents per kWh. My average monthly electric bill is around $42.00 U.S. My average monthly usage is 240 kilowatt hours (kWh) The average price I pay is something like $10.6 / kWh I'm pretty efficient, but let's see.. A lot of the compact fluorescents are 27W jobs, and I'm getting more 13W ones to replace those energy hogs.", "6/21/2012 8:38:45 PM. Your numbers are wrong in several aspects, First the average residential electric bill is $96.50 per month and the average lighting percentage is 10 -15 percent, that would mean a $ 9.60 to 14.50 per month. And you will not save 80 to 85 percent going to fluorescent. My average monthly electric bill is around $42.00 U.S. My average monthly usage is 240 kilowatt hours (kWh) The average price I pay is something like $10.6 / kWh I'm pretty efficient, but let's see.. A lot of the compact fluorescents are 27W jobs, and I'm getting more 13W ones to replace those energy hogs.", "That update can be found here. The average monthly electric bill for residential properties in Hawaii was $203.15, the highest in the nation for 2012, according to recently released data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). The average residential electric bill, by contrast, in New Mexico was $74.62, the lowest in the nation. ", "How much electricity does an American home use? In 2013, the average annual electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer was 10,908 kilowatthours (kWh), an average of 909 kWh per month. Louisiana had the highest annual consumption at 15,270 kWh, and Hawaii had the lowest at 6,176 kWh. " ], "url": [ "http://energytransition.de/2015/05/german-power-bills-low-compared-to-us/", "https://www.ovoenergy.com/guides/energy-guides/the-average-gas-bill-average-electricity-bill-compared.html", "http://ohmyapt.apartmentratings.com/breaking-down-the-average-utility-costs-per-month-whats-normal.html", "http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/average-electric-bills.aspx", "http://insideenergy.org/2014/05/22/using-energy-how-much-electricity-do-you-use-each-month/", "http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/average-electric-bills.aspx", "http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/average-electric-bills.aspx", "http://eyeonhousing.org/2013/12/average-monthly-electric-bill-by-state/", "http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=97&t=3" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "RE: What hormone does your Thyroid glands produce? I know that the difficiency called Goiter enlarges the thyroid gland due to an iodine diffiency. The gland uses iodine to produce this hormone but what is the hormone and what is it used for. Thanks. Source(s): hormone thyroid glands produce: https://tinyurl.im/HBSxO. Benedict · 2 months ago. Thumbs up. 0.", "Having thyroid hormone levels that are too high (overactive thyroid gland). Sometimes the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone, which is called hyperthyroidism. Think of your body as a car and your thyroid as the engine. An overactive thyroid makes your body idle too fast. The thyroid (THY-royd) gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck, makes thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones travel from the thyroid gland through the blood to all parts of the body, where they do their work.", "Ali: By introducing insulin to your body, GH and thyroid hormone levels drop dramatically. That is just how the human body works. Therefore you need to supplement your body with the two hormones mentioned to compensate the shortage, edge out the gains and minimize the side effect of insulin. ", "What hormones does my thyroid gland produce? The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T4), which is a relatively inactive prohormone and lower amounts of the active hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Collectively, T3 and T4 are referred to as the thyroid hormones. What does my thyroid gland do? The thyroid gland produces hormones which regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development and bone maintenance.", "The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T 4), which is a relatively inactive prohormone and lower amounts of the active hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). What does my thyroid gland do? The thyroid gland produces hormones which regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development and bone maintenance.", "Its correct functioning depends on having a good supply of iodine from the diet. The release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland is controlled by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus in the brain and by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary gland. What does my thyroid gland do? The thyroid gland produces hormones which regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development and bone maintenance.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition, caused by problems arising in the pituitary gland, in which the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone, also called somatropin, is a polypeptide hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction. ", "When things go wrong. Thyroid disease occurs when your thyroid under-or over-produces the correct amount of thyroid hormone. It can cause elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease, infertility, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, coma, and even death. Thyroid disease can be hereditary. ", "The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, found in many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4. When the level of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) drops too low, the pituitary gland produces Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more hormones." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080822212225AAtbnUb", "http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/what-do-hormones-do/what-does-the-thyroid-gland-do", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/ali_amini_gh_interview.htm", "http://www.yourhormones.info/glands/thyroid_gland.aspx", "http://www.yourhormones.info/glands/thyroid_gland.aspx", "http://www.yourhormones.info/glands/thyroid_gland.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_deficiency", "http://ministryhealth.org/HC/Home/Spring2010/Yourthyroidisyourmetaboliccontrolcenter.nws", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The chairman. The chairman leads the board, sets its agenda and ensures it is an effective working group at the head of the company. He must promote a culture of openness and debate and is responsible for effective communication with shareholders (but note the role of the senior independent director as well. The executives can play no part in the decision, and it will be for the independent directors to decide alone whether to recommend the bid to shareholders. Walker also put a time commitment on the role in a major bank board: a minimum of 30 to 36 days a year for at least some of the non-executives.", "A non-executive director (abbreviated to non-exec, NED or NXD) or outside director is a member of the board of directors of a company or organisation who does not form part of the executive management team. Non-executive directors are the custodians of the governance process. They are not involved in the day-to-day running of business but monitor the executive activity and contribute to the development of strategy.", "The role of the board, chairman and non-executive directors – the UK Corporate Governance Code. This guide is based on UK law as at 1st February 2010, unless otherwise stated. It is part of a series on corporate governance. The UK Corporate Governance Code sets out its own view of the role ... The executives can play no part in the decision, and it will be for the independent directors to decide alone whether to recommend the bid to shareholders. Walker also put a time commitment on the role in a major bank board: a minimum of 30 to 36 days a year for at least some of the non-executives.", "Provided that where the non-executive Chairman is a promoter of the company or is related to any promoter or person occupying management positions at the Board level or at one level below the Board, at least one-half of the Board of the company shall consist of independent directors. (ii) Where the Chairman of the Board is a non-executive director, at least one-third of the Board should comprise independent directors and in case he is an executive director, at least half of the Board should comprise", "Non-executive directors are sometimes considered the same as an independent director, while other sources distinguish them from independent directors saying non-executive directors are allowed to hold shares in the company while independent directors are not. Non-executive directors are the custodians of the governance process. They are not involved in the day-to-day running of business but monitor the executive activity and contribute to the development of strategy.", "Previous 3 Next If the board appoints a chairman who is a non-executive director, but is not independent or is an executive director, this should be disclosed in their reporting to shareholders, together with the reasons and justifications for the appointment. 1 Next The role of the Chairman as well as value of a non executive chairman. Previous 2 Next The role of the Chairman and considerations in appointing a non-executive Chairman It has become common for shareholders to attach more value to the quality of corporate governance structures.", "CII believes that an independent chair supports a board of directors in carrying out its primary duty—to monitor the management of the company on behalf of its shareowners. A CEO who also serves as chair can exert a dominant influence on the board and its agenda, weakening the board’s oversight of management. ", "Independent Chairman The chairperson of the board is the individual charged with providing the board with leadership, and to harness the talents and energy contributed by each of the individual directors. King III recommends that the chairperson should be an independent non-executive director. 1 Next The role of the Chairman as well as value of a non executive chairman. Previous 2 Next The role of the Chairman and considerations in appointing a non-executive Chairman It has become common for shareholders to attach more value to the quality of corporate governance structures.", "The Value of a Non-Executive Chairman “Appointing a Non-Executive Chairman is the single most effective step a Board of Directors can take to force sweeping change in governance – a proven drive of higher market value.”. © 2008 Cullen Coates & Associates 1.  One person can no longer effectively fulfill the responsibilities imposed on the CEO and the Chairman.  Appointing a “Non-Executive Chairman of the Board” is the single most decisive step that a Board can take to force systemic and truly effective change in corporate governance. © 2008 Cullen Coates & Associates 2.", "4. What can compensate for a non-independent Chairman being appointed? King III recommends in Chapter 2 that the Chairman of the board should be independent and free of conflicts of interest at appointment, failing which, the board should appoint a lead independent non-executive director (LID). Appointing a LID can assist the board to deal with actual or perceived conflicts of interest. 5. The independent Chairman can become a new driver of systemic change, ensuring that the board properly executes its expanded responsibilities – to challenge management, to oversee more complex compliance and to monitor execution of the business plan." ], "url": [ "http://www.out-law.com/page-8215", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-executive_director", "http://www.out-law.com/page-8215", "http://www.acga-asia.org/public/files/Rules%20on%20Number%20of%20Independent%20Directors%20in%20Asia%20(ACGA%202010).pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-executive_director", "http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/za/Documents/governance-risk-compliance/ZA_TheRoleOfTheChairmanAsWellAsValueOfANonExecutiveChairman_04042014.pdf", "http://www.cii.org/independent_boardchair", "http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/za/Documents/governance-risk-compliance/ZA_TheRoleOfTheChairmanAsWellAsValueOfANonExecutiveChairman_04042014.pdf", "http://cullencoates.com/images/The_Non-Executive_Chairman.pdf", "http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.iodsa.co.za/resource/collection/6AFA1967-5252-4F2C-A3B1-08DFA678F43B/Non-independent_chairman_of_board.pdf" ] }

[]

[ "Medical error, negligence, and the adverse effects or interactions of prescription drugs.", "Causes of iatrogenesis include medical error, negligence, and the adverse effects or interactions of prescription drugs. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Causes of iatrogenesis include medical error, negligence, and the adverse effects or interactions of prescription drugs. In the United States, 225,000 deaths per year may be iatrogenic, making it the third leading cause of death.", "This effect is where an initial mistake in diagnosis or treatment causes health problems or the appearance of health problems that lead to additional medical procedures that in turn cause further damage to the patient's health. Some iatrogenesis is psychological in origin.", "iatrogenesis. Any injury or illness that occurs because of medical care. Some examples: chemotherapy used to treat cancer may cause nausea, vomiting, hair loss, or depressed white blood cell counts. The use of a Foley catheter for incontinence can create a urinary tract infection and urinary sepsis.", "Research in these areas continues. Causes of iatrogenesis include negative effects of drugs, chance, medical error, negligence, social control, unexamined instrument design, anxiety or annoyance related to medical procedures, and the adverse effects or interactions of medications.", "This has been greatly alleviated in modern times, but iatrogenesis remains a major cause of illness and death. Some iatrogenesis is the expected but undesirable result of treatment. In the case of drugs, this is called adverse drug reaction. Many drugs have significant side effects and some are only effective in doses high enough to be toxic to humans.", "Adorable animal families that will make you aww. Iatrogenesis refers to harm to health caused by medical treatment or medical personnel. Causes include negligence, improper sanitation, medical error, poor medical procedures, lack of medical information, misdiagnosis, adverse effects of drugs, and drug interactions." ], "url": [ "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Iatrogenesis", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-iatrogenesis.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Iatrogenesis", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/iatrogenesis", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-iatrogenesis.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-iatrogenesis.htm" ] }

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[ "Lay Counseling is one-on-one counseling in a non-clinical environment. ", "Lay Counseling is one-on-one counseling in a non-clinical environment." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Lay Counseling Ministry offers up to ten weeks of counseling to the All Saints community, at no cost, with counselors who are trained and supervised by licensed professionals. For more information or to schedule an appointment, call 626.583.2706.", "Counselling is one of the areas where the pastor can mobilise the lay person. Many pastor finding counselling difficult or that they do not have time to do counselling work. It is a wise pastor who can identify and mobilise members of his congregation to do this.", "Lay counselors have been used in counseling of drug addicts, people living with or at risk for HIV /AIDS etc. Experiences have showed that paraprofessional counselors, who would work effectively in their home-community, can be produced with short-term training.", "Lay counselors perform many activities that are similar to licensed counselors, but lay counselors aren’t required to be licensed by the state. They render their counseling services under the auspices of a church pastor or leader. They do not (cannot) charge a fee. Most often they do not have a counseling degree.", "Scripture teaches the priesthood of all believers (1 Peter 2:5,9). We are to be ministers and priests to one another. A key area of ministry in the church is, therefore, that of lay pastoral care and lay counseling (people helping)—God's people being shepherded by appropriately gifted lay caregivers or lay counselors.", "Lay Counseling Training CDs: Teaches how lay counselors can effectively intervene, support and refer hurting people family members, friends or church attendees who are struggling with personal and relational issues and/or may be in crisis. Presentation includes R.E.A.L. helping skills.", "Lay Counseling is one-on-one counseling in a non-clinical environment. Volunteer leaders (aka lay leaders) are trained and taught the principles of counseling in order to offer loving care towards others.", "Lay Counseling Certificate Course for learning Christian lay counseling skills. Check out CounselCare Connection's Church Lay Counseling Training Program!", "Lay counselors are specially selected, trained, and supervised, but the caring and counseling ministry takes place by appointment in a more formal office setting or lay counseling center. The real choice is between the informal, organized and the formal, organized models." ], "url": [ "http://www.allsaints-pas.org/community/pastoral-care/lay-counseling-ministry/", "http://www.kairos2.com/case_for_lay_counseling_in_the_l.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lay_community_counsellor", "http://lciministry.org/about/faqs/", "http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/199804/092_counseling.cfm", "http://www.counselcareconnection.org/pages/Lay-Counseling.html", "http://lciministry.org/", "http://www.counselcareconnection.org/pages/Lay-Counseling.html", "http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/199804/092_counseling.cfm" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The conceptual framework for the development of Social Wealth Economic Indicators is described in the report National Indicators and Social Wealth and is based on meetings of economists and other experts convened by the Center for Partnership Studies and the Urban Institute in 2012 in Washington DC. The rapid shift from a manufacturing to a knowledge-service era is bringing unprecedented economic, social, and environmental challenges. Social Wealth Economic Indicators (SWEIs) provide the missing information leaders in government, business, and civil society need to meet these", "Social indicators Please note this page is currently revision. Social indicators covering a wide range of subject-matter fields are compiled by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, from many national and international sources. The indicators presented here consist mainly of the minimum list which has been proposed for follow-up and monitoring implementation of major United Nations conferences on children, population and development, social development and women.", "Technical background on the development of social indicators is contained in two United Nations publications, Handbook on Social Indicators (United Nations publication, Series F, No. 49, 1989) and Towards a System of Social and Demographic Statistics (United Nations publication, Series F, No. 18, 1975). The indicators presented here consist mainly of the minimum list which has been proposed for follow-up and monitoring implementation of major United Nations conferences on children, population and development, social development and women.", "Since its inception, Social Security has been an important source of economic security and financial stability for the American people. The programs administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) for nearly 70 years touch the lives of virtually every American. The outcome indicators in this section show both the extent to which individuals have other sources of the income they need to ensure economic security and the comparative role that OASDI and other sources play in economic security.", "No single indicator can capture the effectiveness of a social program. Therefore, SSA has developed a number of outcomes for the OASI, DI and SSI programs. Each outcome contains multiple data indicators that reflect the different bases and objectives of each program. These indicators measure how well the Agency's programs provide for the economic security of its beneficiary populations. The outcome indicators in this section show both the extent to which individuals have other sources of the income they need to ensure economic security and the comparative role that OASDI and other sources play in economic security.", "How much faster will it grow as a share of the economy? Social Security benefits amounted to 4.9 percent of GDP in 2014. By 2035, when the youngest baby boomers will have turned age 70, Social Security benefits in current law are projected to be 6.0 percent of GDP. That is an increase of 1.1 percentage points over the current cost of the program. Because more people will receive benefits, Social Security will grow faster than the total economy, or gross domestic product (GDP).", "Social Security benefits and Supplemental Security Income both play an important role in the economic security of beneficiaries. Adequacy and equity are measured in terms of the size of benefits in relation to prior earnings, poverty levels and how benefit dollars are distributed. The outcome indicators in this section show both the extent to which individuals have other sources of the income they need to ensure economic security and the comparative role that OASDI and other sources play in economic security.", "Social Wealth Economic Indicators (SWEIs) demolish that assumption. SWEIs show the benefits of investing in care, and the dismal consequences of devaluing it-not only for women (who still do most of the care work), children, the elderly, families, and the natural environment, but also for economic competitiveness. The rapid shift from a manufacturing to a knowledge-service era is bringing unprecedented economic, social, and environmental challenges. Social Wealth Economic Indicators (SWEIs) provide the missing information leaders in government, business, and civil society need to meet these", "WISP is a composite index consisting of 40 economic and social indicators of development, welfare and well-being in 10 dimensions — economics, welfare, demography, education, health, environment, women’s status, cultural diversity, social chaos, and defense. ", "Social Wealth Economic Indicators are the missing metrics needed to empower women and girls, reduce the disproportionate poverty of women and communities of color, and, at the same time, strengthen the economy. The rapid shift from a manufacturing to a knowledge-service era is bringing unprecedented economic, social, and environmental challenges. Social Wealth Economic Indicators (SWEIs) provide the missing information leaders in government, business, and civil society need to meet these" ], "url": [ "http://caringeconomy.org/newindicators/", "http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/", "http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p70.html", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p70.html", "https://www.nasi.org/learn/socialsecurity/economy-share", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p70.html", "http://caringeconomy.org/newindicators/", "http://cadmusjournal.org/node/11", "http://caringeconomy.org/newindicators/" ] }

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[ "$3,000 to $5,500 per eye" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Since it no longer requires days in the hospital, the cost of cataract surgery has decreased. According to a study by AllAboutVision.com, the average cost of cataract surgery in 2012 was $3,429 per eye. With many insurances, this price can lower to $500-600. There are some reasons you may be charged more, however. During the average cataract surgery, the surgeon implants an intraocular lens (IOL). ", "(In 2010 the average was about $3,279, in 2011 it was $2,699, in 2012 it was $3,429 and in 2013 it was $3,230.). If you want a high-tech, presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens for your cataract procedure, then costs would increase to an average of about $4,591 per eye (vs. $4,461 in 2010, $4,337 in 2011, $4,269 in 2012 and $4,350 in 2013). 1 An average additional charge of $2,188 per eye for a premium, presbyopia-correcting IOL, if you already have Medicare coverage for basic cataract surgery costs. 2 An average additional charge of $607 per eye, if you need an extra surgical procedure to correct mild astigmatism", "1 For patients not covered by health insurance, cataract surgery typically costs $5,000 to $10,000 per eye, for a total of $10,000 to $20,000 for both eyes. 2 For example, at Park Nicollet, a hospital in Minneapolis, Minn., it costs about $4,365 per eye -- a total of $8,730 for both eyes. 1 Cataract surgery is covered by most health insurance plans. 2 Many patients who need cataract surgery are 65 or older, and Medicare covers cataract surgery. 3 For patients covered by insurance, typical out-of-pocket costs would consist of coinsurance of 10 to 20 percent or more -- or $1,000 or more", "1 A premium eye lens is going to cost more than a standard lens. 2 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye. 3 AllAboutVision.com claims that the surgery without insurance averages $4,461.47, while those with Medicare and insurance can expect to pay anywhere from $528 to $947. 1 On average, the physician services, facility services, and anesthesia services can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,500 per eye without health insurance. 2 A premium eye lens is going to cost more than a standard lens. 3 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per eye", "Advanced cataract surgery with presbyopia-correcting lenses will run you an average of $4,337 per eye; this, too is less expensive than it was in 2010, when the same surgery averaged $4,461. This cost is comparable to that of laser surgery procedures to correct presbyopia, such as multifocal LASIK surgery. In most cases, Medicare pays 80 percent of the approved cost of cataract surgery and you are responsible for the remaining 20 percent (the Medicare copayment), after meeting your annual deductible payment.", "How much is the cost of cataract surgery? 1 On average, the physician services, facility services, and anesthesia services can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,500 per eye without health insurance. 1 On average, the physician services, facility services, and anesthesia services can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,500 per eye without health insurance. 2 A premium eye lens is going to cost more than a standard lens. 3 A premium lens can cost upwards of $750 to $1,500 extra per ey" ], "url": [ "http://www.worthingtoneye.com/eye-blog/the-average-cost-of-cataract-surgery", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/cataract-surgery-cost.htm", "http://health.costhelper.com/cataract-surgery.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cataract-surgery-cost/", "http://www.lasiksurgerynews.com/news/cataract-surgery-cost.shtml", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cataract-surgery-cost/" ] }

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[ "Flour, water, salt, yeast, and malt." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The truth is, you can make bagels that are just as good at home, no matter where you live. They’re one of the simplest breads to make, requiring only flour, water, salt, yeast, and malt—and one secret ingredient: time (in the form of long, slow, cold fermentation). 1 When the bagels come out of the oven, brush the tops with melted butter and dip the top into a bed of cinnamon sugar to give it a very tasty cinnamon crust. 2 You can make cinnamon sugar by whisking 2 tablespoons (1.6 oz / 44 g) of ground cinnamon into 1/2 cup (4 oz / 113 g) of granulated sugar.", "Background. The bagel is a dense ring of bread, often rather bland, raised with yeast and containing almost no fat. In fact, the average bagel is about 4 oz (113.4 g) and 200 calories and contains no cholesterol (unless it is an egg bagel) and no fat (unless it is a specialty bagel such as cheese). 1 3 When the mixing is finished, the dough is taken from the mixer, put on a table and laid in strips. 2 The large strips are fed into a divider, which perfectly portions out the amount of dough required to make an individual bagel, either 3-5 oz (85-113 g) of dough.", "1 1 Many, but not all, bagel bakeries use fresh ingredients and fresh dough as opposed to frozen dough to make bagels. 2 All ingredients, flour, salt, yeast, water, and various flavorings, are mixed together in a batch. 3 The definition of a batch is determined by the amount of flour included. 1 3 When the mixing is finished, the dough is taken from the mixer, put on a table and laid in strips. 2 The large strips are fed into a divider, which perfectly portions out the amount of dough required to make an individual bagel, either 3-5 oz (85-113 g) of dough.", "Contrary to some beliefs, the bagel was not created in the shape of a stirrup to commemorate the victory of Poland's King John III Sobieski over the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. A typical bagel has 260-350 calories, 1.0-4.5 grams of fat, 330-660 milligrams of sodium, and 2-5 grams of fiber. Gluten-free bagels have much more fat, often 9 grams, because of the presence in the dough of ingredients that supplant wheat flour in the original.", "The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Krakow, Kraków. Poland bagels are now a popular bread product In North, america especially in cities with a Large jewish, population many with different ways of making. bagels A typical bagel has 260-350 calories, 1.0-4.5 grams of fat, 330-660 milligrams of sodium, and 2-5 grams of fiber. Gluten-free bagels have much more fat, often 9 grams, because of the presence in the dough of ingredients that supplant wheat flour in the original.", "To make a steam bagel, the process of boiling is skipped, and the bagels are instead baked in an oven equipped with a steam injection system. In commercial bagel production, the steam bagel process requires less labor, since bagels need only be directly handled once, at the shaping stage. A typical bagel has 260-350 calories, 1.0-4.5 grams of fat, 330-660 milligrams of sodium, and 2-5 grams of fiber. Gluten-free bagels have much more fat, often 9 grams, because of the presence in the dough of ingredients that supplant wheat flour in the original.", "Ingredients for bagels vary tremendously according to who makes the bagel, whether it is made at home or in a commercial bakery, and the flavor of the bagel. Generally, all bagels must contain at least the following: water, salt, flour, and yeast. 1 3 When the mixing is finished, the dough is taken from the mixer, put on a table and laid in strips. 2 The large strips are fed into a divider, which perfectly portions out the amount of dough required to make an individual bagel, either 3-5 oz (85-113 g) of dough.", "The Montreal bagel, (sometimes beigel; Yiddish בײגל beygl), is a distinctive variety of handmade and wood-fired baked bagel. In contrast to the New York-style bagel, the Montreal bagel is smaller, thinner, sweeter and denser, with a larger hole, and is always baked in a wood-fired oven. Montreal-style bagels are currently the only style of bagel known to have ventured into space. Gregory Chamitoff, who grew up in Montreal, took three bags of sesame bagels with him on his assignments to STS-124 as passenger and ISS Expedition 17 as crewmember.", "Of course, nowadays, bagels have evolved to include not only egg (for a bit lighter roll), but also spices, herbs, and fruit to give added flavor. A common misconception is that water bagels are any bagel cooked in water. Of course, all bagels by definition are cooked in water and then browned in the oven. To the purist, water bagels are bagels made with water in the dough, specifically with no egg or flavoring additions. From a purist standpoint, a bagel is a round yeast roll with a hole in the middle, no egg in the dough, malt rather than sugar, cooked in water, and then browned in the oven. This process produces a dense, chewy roll with a crisp exterior, hence giving rise to the term cement doughtnut.", "Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in East European Jewish communities from the 17th century. The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Krakow, Kraków. poland A typical bagel has 260-350 calories, 1.0-4.5 grams of fat, 330-660 milligrams of sodium, and 2-5 grams of fiber. Gluten-free bagels have much more fat, often 9 grams, because of the presence in the dough of ingredients that supplant wheat flour in the original." ], "url": [ "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/bagels-366757", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Bagel.html", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Bagel.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Bagel.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel", "http://homecooking.about.com/od/cookingfaqs/f/faqbagels.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" ] }

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[ "Judicial Link has a strong understanding of electronic monitoring capabilities." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The practices, procedures, and offices that deal with the management of the administrative systems of the courts. Judicial administration, also referred to as court administration, is concerned with the day-to-day and long-range activities of the court system.", "judicial administration: an overview. Judicial administration consists of the practices, procedures and offices that deal with the management of the system of the courts.", "There are two types of electronic bracelets: the Radio Frequency Bracelet, which is used as a form of house arrest, and the GPS Bracelet, used to track an offender’s whereabouts in real time. How GPS Monitoring Bracelet Works: The GPS consists of 24 satellites orbiting the earth.", "1 Judicial review. Judicial review. Judicial review is a type of court proceeding in which a judge reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made by a public body.", "Electronic home monitoring, or EHM, is a type of supervision tool used in the criminal justice system, most often by police. The EHM system requires a residential phone line, ankle bracelet, and monitoring device.", "Judicial Watch seeks to ensure high ethical standards in the judiciary through monitoring activities and the use of the judicial ethics process to hold judges to account. Judicial Watch’s investigation, legal, and judicial activities provide the basis for strong educational outreach to the American people.", "Judicial Link has a strong understanding of electronic monitoring capabilities. Our organization works with the Client, Court and Counsel to establish measurable goals for defendants approved by the Court.", "Enrolled defendant is fitted with an electronic Ankle Bracelet, the Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring works due to the triangulation of satellites orbiting the earth. To “triangulate” means that a GPS receiver measures distance using the travel time of radio signals." ], "url": [ "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Judicial+Administration", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/judicial_administration", "http://www.mass.gov/courts/court-info/probation/electronic-monitoring-program.html", "https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/you-and-the-judiciary/judicial-review/", "http://www.attorneys.com/parole-and-probation/electronic-home-monitoring/", "http://www.judicialwatch.org/about/", "http://judiciallink.com/", "http://judiciallink.com/" ] }

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[ "Candle" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Lighting of jyot or deep or a lamp is an essential part of all the pujas in Hinduism. Every puja is followed by aarti which is performed by lighting the lamp or jyot. The flame of the lamp, jyoti has two significant qualities. First it banish darkness and the other is it is always upward. The upward movement of the Jyoti signifies the path of wisdom and the path of divinity. ", "A candle is wax with an ignitable wick embedded that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. It can also be used to provide heat, or as a method of keeping time. Candle snuffers are instruments used to extinguish burning candles by smothering the flame with a small metal cup that is suspended from a long handle, and thus depriving it of oxygen. An older meaning refers to a scissor-like tool used to trim the wick of a candle.", "A diya, divaa, deepa, deepam, or deepak is an oil lamp, usually made from clay, with a cotton wick dipped in ghee or vegetable oils. Clay diyas are often used temporarily as lighting for special occasions, while diyas made of brass are permanent fixtures in homes and temples. Diyas are native to India, and are often used in Hindu, Sikh, Jain and Zoroastrian religious festivals such as Diwali or the Kushti ceremony. A similar lamp called a butter lamp is used in Tibetan Buddhist offerings as well.", "Diwali Diyas (candles). Sunita, one of our viewers, writes: The Indian New Year is Diwali and we celebrate good over evil by lighting rows of lamps or 'diyas'. Thanks Sunita! A Diwali Diya is a small lamp that is lit especially at Diwali (New Year's in India). Diyas are typically made of clay with Ghee or oil used as the fuel and cotton wool as the wick. DLTK's Countries and Cultures-India", "For a candle to burn, a heat source (commonly a naked flame) is used to light the candle's wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel (the wax). Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to ignite and form a constant flame. Candle snuffers are instruments used to extinguish burning candles by smothering the flame with a small metal cup that is suspended from a long handle, and thus depriving it of oxygen. An older meaning refers to a scissor-like tool used to trim the wick of a candle.", "Report Abuse. Ok This is what is my understanding Lighting a diya (oil lamp) - The Jyoti of the Diya-Flame is used to focus your mind /concentrate and get positive energy in your body and invoke the chakras in your body for enligthment. Namashkar-Bowing is respecting and accepting the almighty. Lighting the wick is like lighting a candle in church, U are announcing your presence in front of the Deity, giving it respect, and folding your hands is another sign of respect and humility before your Deity. Like I bow To Thee and respect thee.", "A diya used in any kind of Puja is the symbol of devotion as the light dispersing from that diya attracts the deity. The purpose of lighting a diya is to spread joy and prosperity around. As Navratri is the auspicious puja for the Hindus, the items used in the Puja should also be pure and rich in contents. Desi Ghee is considered to be the purest form which is specially made by collecting cream from whole milk.", "The flame of this brass diya does not go off or cause any danger even when the fan is on as the diya comes with a lid. Instead of using wire mesh or steel wool for cleaning the diya, you can soak the diya in pitambari powder and water for enhancing its shine. ", "This is a common practice to light a Diya before the altar of the Lord. Some people light it in morning prayer, some in evening prayer, Some light it both time, some maintain it continuously for specific period and purpose and for specific number of days which remains lighted 24 hours which is called “Akhand Deepak”." ], "url": [ "http://articles.holydrops.com/significance-of-lighting-a-lamp-or-jyoti-207.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diya_%28light%29", "http://www.dltk-kids.com/world/india/mdiyas.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070617105848AAIknzL", "http://www.premastrologer.com/Navratri/faqs.php", "http://www.amazon.in/Borosil-Akhand-Diya-Medium-Brass/dp/B00EZMNH9A", "http://www.vaastuastro.com/light/" ] }

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