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[ "Man of the earth" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Adam Name Meaning. From the Biblical personal name Adam, which was borne, according to Genesis, by the first man. It is the generic Hebrew term for ‘man’, probably from Hebrew adama ‘earth’. Compare the classical Greek legend that Zeus fashioned the first human beings from earth", "Other origins for the name Adam include-Hebrew, Israeli, English.The name Adam is most often used as a boy name or male name. Hebrew Name Meaning-Red, a reference to either the red skin or the red earth of Eden from which the Old Testament Adam was created in Genesis 2.", "Meaning of Adam. Hebrew name. In Hebrew, the name Adam means-Red, a reference to either the red skin or the red earth of Eden from which the Old Testament Adam was created in Genesis 2. Famous bearer: 7th century Irish St Adamnan, meaning little adam, was the biographer of St Columba.. Hebrew Name Meaning", "Meaning of Adam. Israeli name. In Israeli, the name Adam means-man of the earth. Other origins for the name Adam include-Israeli, English, Hebrew.The name Adam is most often used as a boy name or male name. Israeli Name Meaning-man of the earth. Origin-Israel. Alternate Origins-English Hebrew.", "Adam is both the proper name of the first human and a designation for humankind. God himself gave this appellation to Adam and Eve (Gen 5:1-2). The color red lies behind the Hebrew root adam [ ; 'a ]. This may reflect the red soil from which he was made. Adam was formed from the ground (Gen 2:7). ", "In English the meaning of the name Adam is: Of the red earth. Hebrew Meaning: The name Adam is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Adam is: Red, a reference to either the red skin or the red earth of Eden from which the Old Testament Adam was created in Genesis 2. Famous bearer: 7th century Irish St Adamnan, meaning 'little adam', was the biographer of St Columba.", "Adam /adam/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced AD-um. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Adam is earth. From adama. In Hebrew, it is a generic term for man. Biblical: in the Genesis account, he was the first man created from the red earth of Eden. The name was borne by a seventh-century Irish abbot of Fermo in Italy.", "Meaning & History. This is the Hebrew word for man. It could be ultimately derived from Hebrew אדם ('adam) meaning to be red, referring to the ruddy colour of human skin, or from Akkadian adamu meaning to make. According to Genesis in the Old Testament Adam was created from the earth by God (there is a word play on Hebrew אֲדָמָה ('adamah) earth). He and Eve were supposedly the first humans, living happily in the Garden of Eden until Adam ate a forbidden fruit given to him by Eve. ", "Adam is a common masculine given name. The personal name Adam derives from the Hebrew noun ha adamah meaning the ground or earth. It is still a Hebrew given name, and its Quranic and Biblical usage has ensured that it is also a common name in all countries which draw on these traditions. Adan adán is The spanish form of this. Name adam is also a surname in many, countries although it is not as common In english as its Derivative (adams sometimes Spelled). Addams in other languages there are similar surnames derived From, adam such As, Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz adamski. etc" ], "url": [ "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=adam", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/hebrew-names/adam.asp", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/hebrew-names/adam.asp", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/israeli-names/adam.asp", "http://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/adam/", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/adam", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Adam", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/adam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_(given_name)" ] }

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[ "It was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Re-passage of a new Equal Rights Amendment by two-thirds of Congress and 38 states is seen as highly unlikely politically. The 1972 Equal Rights Amendment states the following: 1 Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. 2 Section 2. 3 The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. The amendment guarantees that “equality of rights under the laws shall not be denied or abridged by the State of Oregon or by any political subdivision in this state on account of sex.” That text mirrors the language of the long-proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution.", "What the ERA Says. The text of the Equal Rights Amendment is: Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Section 3. ", "Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. The Equal Rights Amendment is not yet in the U.S. Constitution. The ERA, affirming the equal application of the Constitution to all persons regardless of their sex, was written in 1923 by Alice Paul, suffragist leader and founder of the National Woman's Party.", "The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. The ERA was originally written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. In 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time. Oregon-Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the state of Oregon or by any political subdivision in this state on account of sex. Oregon Constitution, Article I, §46 (2014).", "The 15 states that have not yet ratified the Equal Rights Amendment are Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and Virginia. The amendment guarantees that “equality of rights under the laws shall not be denied or abridged by the State of Oregon or by any political subdivision in this state on account of sex.” That text mirrors the language of the long-proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution.", "The 15 states whose legislatures never ratified the Equal Rights Amendment are Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and Virginia. Present Strategies For Ratification. 47 which if passed, would eliminate the time limit for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment proposed to the states. It declares that such amendment shall be part of the Constitution whenever ratified by the necessary number of additional states, not under a time limit.", "The proposed constitutional amendment — Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.. — would give both men and women new legal recourse in sex discrimination cases. It also would give Congress the power to enforce it through legislation. " ], "url": [ "http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/states.htm", "http://womenshistory.about.com/od/equalrightsamendment/a/equal_rights_amendment_overview.htm", "http://equalrightsamendment.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment", "http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/states.htm", "http://eraeducationproject.com/what-is-the-equal-rights-amendment/", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/09/12/equal-rights-amendment-rally/15508713/" ] }

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[ "A glycohemoglobin test, or hemoglobin A1c, is a blood test that checks the amount of sugar (glucose) bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.When hemoglobin and glucose bond, a coat of sugar forms on the hemoglobin.", "The particular type of hemoglobin that glucose attaches to is hemoglobin A, and the combined result is call glycated hemoglobin.", "It is a blood test that checks the amount of sugar (glucose) bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.When hemoglobin and glucose bond, a coat of sugar forms on the hemoglobin." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "What It Is. A hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to monitor long-term glucose (sugar) control in people with diabetes. While daily blood sugar testing gives a picture of day-to-day fluctuations, the hemoglobin A1c test offers an overview of how well glucose has been controlled over the past 2 to 3 months. The test assesses the amount of glycated (sugar-coated) hemoglobin in the blood. Doctors use the hemoglobin A1c test to determine if your child's diabetes management plan needs to be adjusted. Typically the test is performed in a clinical laboratory or the doctor's office and repeated a few times a year.", "For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes. Because studies have repeatedly shown that out-of-control diabetes results in complications from the disease, the goal for people with diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c less than 7%. The higher the hemoglobin A1c, the higher the risks of developing complications related to diabetes.", "1 As blood glucose levels rise, so does the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, so A1C is used to measure diabetes control. 2 The test is used for both monitoring and diagnosing diabetes, and results come from a blood sample given at the doctor's clinic. 2. The particular type of hemoglobin that glucose attaches to is hemoglobin A, and the combined result is call glycated hemoglobin. As blood glucose levels rise, more glycated hemoglobin forms, and it persists for the lifespan of red blood cells, about four months.", "Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c or HGBA1C) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. HbA 1c is a measure of the beta-N-1-deoxy fructosyl component of hemoglobin. Normal levels of glucose produce a normal amount of glycated hemoglobin. As the average amount of plasma glucose increases, the fraction of glycated hemoglobin increases in a predictable way. This serves as a marker for average blood glucose levels over the previous 3 months prior to the measurement as this is the half life of red blood cells", "Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c, A1c). Guide. A glycohemoglobin test, or hemoglobin A1c, is a blood test that checks the amount of sugar (glucose) bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. When hemoglobin and glucose bond, a coat of sugar forms on the hemoglobin. Glucose binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells at a steady rate. Since red blood cells last 3 to 4 months, the A1c test shows how much glucose is in the plasma part of blood. This test shows how well your diabetes has been controlled in the last 2 to 3 months and whether your diabetes treatment plan needs to be changed.", "1 Hemoglobin A1c, often abbreviated HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin (a blood pigment that carries oxygen) that is bound to glucose. 2 The blood test for HbA1c is routinely performed in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3 HbA1c levels are reflective of how well diabetes is controlled. HbA1c facts. 1 Hemoglobin A1c, often abbreviated HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin (a blood pigment that carries oxygen) that is bound to glucose. 2 The blood test for HbA1c is routinely performed in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.", "The reason why A1C, glycated hemoglobin, is an indicator of blood sugar levels is that some of the glucose in the blood binds to hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells and responsible for transporting oxygen around the circulation. 2. 2. The particular type of hemoglobin that glucose attaches to is hemoglobin A, and the combined result is call glycated hemoglobin. As blood glucose levels rise, more glycated hemoglobin forms, and it persists for the lifespan of red blood cells, about four months.", "The A1C test is a blood test used to measure the average level of glucose in the blood over the last two to three months, and is used as a means of checking how well blood sugar levels are being controlled for a person with diabetes. 2. The particular type of hemoglobin that glucose attaches to is hemoglobin A, and the combined result is call glycated hemoglobin. As blood glucose levels rise, more glycated hemoglobin forms, and it persists for the lifespan of red blood cells, about four months." ], "url": [ "https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/procedures_tests/hemoglobin_a1c/index.html", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/glycohemoglobin-ghb", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hemoglobin_a1c_hba1c/article_em.htm", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php" ] }

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[ "A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Although considered a freshwater marsh, this form of marsh is affected by the ocean tides. However, without the stresses of salinity at work in its saltwater counterpart, the diversity of the plants and animals that live in and use freshwater tidal marshes is much higher than in salt marshes. Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons, estuaries, and on the sheltered side of shingle or sandspit. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up.", "Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides. Salt marsh within Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which are flooded and drained by tides. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides. They are marshy because the soil may be composed of deep mud and peat. Peat is made of decomposing plant matter that is often several feet thick. Peat is waterlogged, root-filled, and very spongy. ", "A marsh is a type of wetland which is distinguished from other wetland varieties by having an assortment of grasses, reeds, and sedges, without large bushes and tall trees. A swamp is a bottomland which often has trees. Unlike a marsh, it is not a transition between bodies of water and land, but simply a minor body of water at a low area, and it is usually stagnant and shallow. Marshes do not generally have many trees, but are home to smaller vegetation.", "Marsh in shallow water on a lakeshore. A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds. Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons, estuaries, and on the sheltered side of shingle or sandspit. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up.", "A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons, estuaries, and on the sheltered side of shingle or sandspit. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up.", "Marshes are usually found on the edge of a stream, pond, or lake. They often flood, and if the surrounding area gets too dry, they feed the water from the flood back to stream, pond, or lake. Common plants, animals, and insects in a marsh are: 1 cattail. 2 reed. 3 red-winged blackbird. 4 great blue heron. 5 sandhill crane. ", "Noun. 1. marsh-low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water; thousands of acres of marshland; the fens of eastern England. fenland, marshland, fen. salt marsh-low-lying wet land that is frequently flooded with saltwater. ", "Plants: Plants are one of the most important parts of a wetland. Aquatic plants specialize in living in a wet environment, and a marsh is full of these. Plenty of other, non-aquatic plants grow in a marsh as well, since a marsh is really a transition, or middle-ground between a water habitat and a land habitat. A marsh, also called a wetland, is one of our most important habitats. Marshes probably support more life than any other type of habitat. They are also essential to keeping our environment clean.", "Marsh. A marsh is a type of wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh", "http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/saltmarsh.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-marsh.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh", "http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module12/Marsh.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/marsh", "http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/marsh.htm", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/marsh" ] }

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[ "9 hours, 15 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How long is the drive from Madison, WI to Mackinac Island, MI? The total driving time is 9 hours, 15 minutes. Your trip begins in Madison, Wisconsin. It ends in Mackinac Island, Michigan. If you're planning a road trip, you might be interested in seeing the total driving distance from Madison, WI to Mackinac Island, MI.", "Nearby Hotels. Whether you use your round trip on the Star Line Hydro-Jet Ferry to cross from St Ignace to Mackinac Island and back again, or simply take a ride to enjoy the sights of Lake Michigan, the Hydro-Jet Ferry is both functional and entertaining! Take a round trip on the Star Line Mackinac Island Hydro Jet Ferry from the Mackinaw City Dock. The ferry will take you around Lake Michigan, then bring you back to where you started. Mackinac Island Ferry Round Trip From St. Ignace Main Dock Aboard The Starline. Available Now until 11/2/2015 View Detailed Schedule.", "The driving distance between Madison, WI and Mackinac Island, MI is approximately 410 miles. The driving time would be approximately 8 hours 15 minutes if you were to travel non-stop in good driving conditions. The driving distance between Madison, WI and Wisconsin Dells, WI is approximately 55 miles. The driving time would be approximately 1 hour 5 minutes if you were to travel non- … ", "Driving distance from Milwaukee, WI to Mackinac Island, MI. The total driving distance from Milwaukee, WI to Mackinac Island, MI is 404 miles or 650 kilometers. Your trip begins in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. You can also calculate the cost of driving from Milwaukee, WI to Mackinac Island, MI based on current local fuel prices and an estimate of your car's best gas mileage. If you're meeting a friend, you might be interested in finding the city that is halfway between Milwaukee, WI and", "Getting To Mackinac Island. Most people get to Mackinac Island by first driving to Mackinaw City or St. Ignace and then taking a ferry. Others arrive by either plane or private boat. By Road. To get to Mackinac Island by road, you must first travel to Mackinac City or St. Ignace in the Lower Peninsula. From there: take a ferry to reach the Island.", "You cannot drive a car to Mackinaw Island. You would have to drive about 4 hours and 15 minutes to Mackinaw City, then take a Ferry for a 20-25 minute ride across Lake Huron t … o get to Mackinaw Island. 3 people found this useful. The driving distance between Madison, WI and Wisconsin Dells, WI is approximately 55 miles. The driving time would be approximately 1 hour 5 minutes if you were to travel non- … stop in good driving conditions.", "You can also calculate the cost to drive from Madison, WI to Mackinac Island, MI based on current local gas prices and an estimate of your car's best gas mileage. If you're meeting a friend, you might be interested in finding the city that is halfway between Madison, WI and Mackinac Island, MI. It ends in Mackinac Island, Michigan. If you're planning a road trip, you might be interested in seeing the total driving distance from Madison, WI to" ], "url": [ "http://www.travelmath.com/driving-time/from/Madison,+WI/to/Mackinac+Island,+MI", "https://www.vacationsmadeeasy.com/MackinacIslandAreaMI/activity/StarLineMackinacIslandHydroJetFerry.cfm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_driving_distance_from_Madison_WI_to_Mackinac_Island_MI", "http://www.travelmath.com/drive-distance/from/Milwaukee,+WI/to/Mackinac+Island,+MI", "http://www.mackinac.com/about/getting-here", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_driving_distance_from_Madison_WI_to_Mackinac_Island_MI", "http://www.travelmath.com/driving-time/from/Madison,+WI/to/Mackinac+Island,+MI" ] }

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[ "Heterotrophic" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Regulation of autotrophic carbon metabolism. Many autotrophic archaea are facultative autotrophs or they can co-assimilate organic substrates into cellular building blocks even though they do not use organic substrates as an energy source by oxidizing them to CO 2.", "Cells are also defined according the need for energy. Autotrophs are self feeders that use light or chemical energy to make food. Plants are an example of autotrophs. In contrast, heterotrophs (other feeders) obtain energy from other autotrophs or heterotrophs. Many bacteria and animals are", "Archaebacteria --Prokaryotic, unicellular, nutrition by absorption (heterotrophic). This group of bacteria-like organisms live in harsh (high temperature, salinity, etc.) environments similar to that of ancient earth (hence the name). They cell wall structure is different than that of typical bacteria.", "An example of an autotroph is algae. A heterotroph is an organism that receives its food from other sources. It is a multicellular or unicellular organism. Organisms that are consumers or decomposers are heterotrophs. A parasite is also a heterotroph. A parasite feeds off other organisms for its food. An example of a parasite is a deet tick. An example of a decomposing heterotroph is an earthworm. An earthworm decomposes biological matter in soil" ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v8/n6/full/nrmicro2365.html", "http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page1.html", "https://www.hinsdale86.org/staff/kgabric/6kingdom.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_archaea_heterotroph_or_autotroph" ] }

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[ "Less than 160 degrees." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cook a Frozen Roast. Place a frozen beef roast in a crock pot. Put in a can of beef broth and then fill the can with water and pour into the crock pot. You can use creamed soups with a can of milk or water, if you prefer. The frozen meat needs liquid to cook at a more even temperature. Allow the beef to cook for an hour or so on high before adding chopped vegetables. Then allow it all to cook together for another four to five hours. Stick a meat thermometer in the roast and check the internal temperature. It should be no less than 160 degrees.", "Rub garlic and pepper on the roast and put in the oven for 30 minutes. 3. Turn oven down to 325 degrees F, and roast another 2 to 3 hours or until beef is tender enough to be pulled apart with a fork. 4. Remove from oven. Shred beef by pulling it apart with a fork into a bowl. 5. • Roasted or braised beef roasts for about 45 minutes per pound at 325 degrees F. A 2-pound roast will take about 1 ½ hours to cook. • Slice cooked beef roasts and serve with gravy; steamed vegetables; and rice, noodles, or potatoes.", "No-thaw Cooking. It is perfectly safe to cook meats from the frozen state. Cooking will be approximately 50% longer than the recommended time for fully thawed or fresh meat and poultry. 1 DO NOT thaw meats on the counter or in hot water. 2 DO NOT leave meat at room temperature for more than two hours. ", "The oven temperature used to cook a beef roast is usually set somewhere between 300 degrees and 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The recommended cooking temperature for your roast is usually determined by the type of beef cut that you plan to roast. The proper beef roast cook times and the correct beef cooking oven temperatures are extremely important. The optimum flavor and tenderness of various beef roasts can be consistently achieved when care is taken to follow the recommended time and temperature guidelines for cooking beef roasts.", "How long and at what temperature should I cook a beef roast in the oven? Roasting is a great cooking method for a large, tender cut of beef such as a rib or sirloin roast. Sirloin-tip, rump, rolled-rump, eye-of-round or top-round roasts will also benefit from this cooking method if they are graded prime or choice. Cooking at a constant oven temperature of 300°F (160°C), a 5- to 8-lb standing rib roast will take 17-19 minutes per pound for rare, 20-22 for medium rare, 23-25 minutes for medium, and 27-30 minutes for well done.", "• For food safety reasons, DO NOT thaw beef roasts on countertops or at room temperature. • Cook immediately after thawing; beef roasts should be cooked to an internal temperature of 145 to 160 degrees F using a food thermometer. You can’t tell if food is cooked safely by how it looks. • Roasted or braised beef roasts for about 45 minutes per pound at 325 degrees F. A 2-pound roast will take about 1 ½ hours to cook. • Slice cooked beef roasts and serve with gravy; steamed vegetables; and rice, noodles, or potatoes.", "Tip: From Frozen Tender Roast. To make a tender roast put it into your oven frozen, yes frozen. Place it into your cooking container garnish it with veggies, seasonings or what ever you like, pour in a can of Beef Stock (can use Chicken Stock too) and 1-2 cups of water (if the pot will hold it). Put in the oven on low (I put it on at 250 degrees F). I normally put my roast in oven at 3:00 pm and cook it until supper time at 7:00 pm. When you cook it frozen at a low temp for at least 4 hours, the roast will be the tenderest. You can cut it with a fork!", "Please try again later. Learn how to cook a roast beef in the oven from frozen. No need to thaw it out and in just 3 hours you can have a tasty roast for a party or Holiday celebration. Chef Steve and Suzie Mahnken of Missouri Legacy Beef show you how. Roast Beef is a great alternative to the Holiday Turkey. It cooks fast and there is no need to thaw it out. And it ... ", "1 Do not cover or add water. 2 Place the roast in the preheated oven. 3 Reduce the temperature to 475 degrees F (245 degrees C). 4 Roast for 21 minutes (seven minutes per pound) then turn off the oven and let the roast sit in the hot oven for 2 1/2 hours. 1 Place the roast in the preheated oven. 2 Reduce the temperature to 475 degrees F (245 degrees C). 3 Roast for 21 minutes (seven minutes per pound) then turn off the oven and let the roast sit in the hot oven for 2 1/2 hours. 4 Do not open the door at all during this time!" ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/how_5125270_cook-frozen-beef.html", "http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/HHFS_BEEF_ROAST_100166Oct2012.pdf", "http://www.organicprairie.com/thawing", "http://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--1542/roast-beef-cook-time.asp", "http://ochef.com/343.htm", "http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/HHFS_BEEF_ROAST_100166Oct2012.pdf", "http://www.thriftyfun.com/Cooking-a-Roast-1.html", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJncVMP5oUE", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/94113/high-temperature-eye-of-round-roast/" ] }

[]

[ "Dwight D. Eisenhower" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Before John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, served from January 20, 1953 to January 20, 1961. Before he was President, he was a Congressman from Massachusetts from 1947-1953. He then became a Senator from Massachusetts from 1953-1960. Before he became a US President, … John F. Kennedy was the US Senator from Massachusetts from January 3, 1953 to December 22, 1960. Prior to the Senate, Kennedy was the Member of the US House of Representative from Massachusetts, 11th district from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 1953", "John F. Kennedy. John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963), the youngest man elected to the office. On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, becoming also the youngest President to die. In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Millions watched his television debates with the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon.", "Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Millions watched his television debates with the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon.", "President John F. Kennedy moments before he was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas. Despite the assassinations of three U.S. presidents -- Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield and William McKinley -- killing or attempting to harm a president wasn't a federal offense until 1965, two years after Kennedy's death. (CNN) -- This year will mark 51 years since President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Whether you were alive at the time or not, you probably know that Lee Harvey Oswald killed the President, only to be fatally gunned down by Jack Ruby two days later.", "For the assassination of John's brother Robert, see Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy's motorcade route through Dallas was planned to give him maximum exposure to Dallas crowds before his arrival, along with Vice-President Lyndon Johnson and Texas Governor John Connally, at a luncheon with civic and business leaders in that city.", "Confidence votes 1.9K. The President of the United States before John Fitzgerald Kennedy was Dwight D. Eisenhower. John F. Kennedy was criticized as a president because he focused a lot of money on space exploration and the cold war while there was starvation around the world. Critics … wanted him to focus on poverty reduction and peace.", "John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later, before Oswald could be prosecuted.", "Lyndon Baines Johnson was the US President after John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th President of the United States from 1963 November 22 to 1969 January … 20. He was originally John F. Kennedy's Vice President and assumed the presidency after Kennedy's assassination in 1963. Before he was President, he was a Congressman from Massachusetts from 1947-1953. He then became a Senator from Massachusetts from 1953-1960. Before he became a US President, … John F. Kennedy was the US Senator from Massachusetts from January 3, 1953 to December 22, 1960. Prior to the Senate, Kennedy was the Member of the US House of Representative from Massachusetts, 11th district from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 195" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_US_president_before_John_F_Kennedy", "https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnfkennedy", "https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnfkennedy", "http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/14/us/jfk-assassination-5-things/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_the_president_before_JFK", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Kennedy", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_US_president_before_John_F_Kennedy" ] }

[]

[ "Myofibrils, and myofilaments." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This process is known as myosin-actin cycling. As the myosin S1 segment binds and releases actin, it forms what are called cross bridges, which extend from the thick myosin filaments to the thin actin filaments. By studying sarcomeres, the basic unit controlling changes in muscle length, scientists proposed the sliding filament theory to explain the molecular mechanisms behind muscle contraction. Within the sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that requires ATP. Scientists have also identified many of the molecules involved in regulating muscle contractions and motor behaviors, including calcium, troponin, and tropomyosin", "Myofibrils are composed of long proteins including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold them together. These proteins are organized into thick and thin filaments called myofilaments, which repeat along the length of the myofibril in sections called sarcomeres. 1 Thin filaments consist primarily of the protein actin, coiled with nebulin filaments. 2 Actin, when polymerized into filaments, forms the ladder along which the myosin filaments climb to generate motion. 3 Thick filaments consist primarily of the protein myosin, held in place by tit", "BSI Activity Page 3 Actin and Myosin Actin and myosin are the major proteins found in muscle. The interaction of these two proteins,within each sarcomere causes the sarcomere to shorten.Actin is a round protein shaped roughly like a ball. In the sarcomere, many of these actinmolecules are linked together in a long chain to form a filament, called thin filament.Myosin is a long thin protein with a head on it. The activity also covers information on sarcomere structure and the proteinsinvolved in muscle contraction. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Understand the structure of muscle fibers.• Explore the process of muscle contraction.• Understand the roles that different proteins play in this process.", "The filaments of myofibrils, myofilaments, consist of two types, thick and thin: 1 Thin filaments consist primarily of the protein actin, coiled with nebulin filaments. 2 Actin, when polymerized into filaments, forms the ladder along which the myosin filaments climb to generate motion. 1 Thin filaments consist primarily of the protein actin, coiled with nebulin filaments. 2 Actin, when polymerized into filaments, forms the ladder along which the myosin filaments climb to generate motion. 3 Thick filaments consist primarily of the protein myosin, held in place by tit", "Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous proteins as filaments that slide past each other when a muscle contracts or relaxes. Two of the important proteins are myosin, which forms the thick filament, and actin, which forms the thin filament. The myosin head also binds to ATP, which is the source of energy for muscle movement. Myosin can only bind to actin when the binding sites on actin are exposed by calcium ions. Actin molecules are bound to the Z line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere.", "Thick and thin filaments are organized into contractile units called sarcomeres. A sarcomere extends from one Z line to the next and represents the fundamental unit of muscle contraction. From Copstead, 1995. ", "Calcium is required by two proteins, troponin and tropomyosin, that regulate muscle contraction by blocking the binding of myosin to filamentous actin. In a resting sarcomere, tropomyosin blocks the binding of myosin to actin. By studying sarcomeres, the basic unit controlling changes in muscle length, scientists proposed the sliding filament theory to explain the molecular mechanisms behind muscle contraction. Within the sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that requires ATP. Scientists have also identified many of the molecules involved in regulating muscle contractions and motor behaviors, including calcium, troponin, and tropomyos", "A myofibril (also known as a muscle fibril) is a basic rod-like unit of a muscle cell. Muscles are composed of tubular cells called myocytes, known as muscle fibers in striated muscle, and these cells in turn contain many chains of myofibrils. 1 Thin filaments consist primarily of the protein actin, coiled with nebulin filaments. 2 Actin, when polymerized into filaments, forms the ladder along which the myosin filaments climb to generate motion. 3 Thick filaments consist primarily of the protein myosin, held in place by tit", "A sarcomere (Greek sarx flesh, meros part) is the basic unit of striated muscle tissue. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (myocytes called muscle fibers) which are formed in a process known as myogenesis. Muscle fibers are composed of tubular myofibrils. The myosin head also binds to ATP, which is the source of energy for muscle movement. Myosin can only bind to actin when the binding sites on actin are exposed by calcium ions. Actin molecules are bound to the Z line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere." ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-sliding-filament-theory-of-muscle-contraction-14567666", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibril", "http://www.colorado.edu/outreach/BSI/pdfs/muscleContraction.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibril", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomere", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sarcomere", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-sliding-filament-theory-of-muscle-contraction-14567666", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibril", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomere" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In order to figure out how much you can contribute, and deduct, for your Simple IRA and Traditional IRA, see the link in @mhoran_psprep's answer money.stackexchange.com/a/13495/3361 It is valid for the tax year 2011. Yes. You can make contributions to all three. However, you might not be able to deduct all of your contribution to the Traditional IRA and the Simple IRA. Being able to take a tax deduction for a contribution to your Traditional IRA depends on. 1 your modified adjusted gross income. 2 your tax-filing status.", "Contribution Limit Overlap. The limit for contributions you can make as an individual to a Roth IRA or SEP IRA is cumulative for both plans. For example, in 2015, you can put in up to $5,500 ($6,500 if you're 50 or older) to both plans combined. A Roth IRA is an IRA that you start and make contributions on your own. A SEP IRA allows both you and your employer to make contributions to your retirement nest egg.", "You can also contribute to a traditional IRA even if you participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan, but in some cases not all of your traditional IRA contributions will be tax deductible. A: Yes, you can contribute to both a Roth IRA and an employer-sponsored retirement plan such as a 401(k), SEP or SIMPLE IRA. However, each type of retirement account has annual contribution limits.", "If the Retirement Plan Box on your Form W-2 is checked, then you are an active participant. If you are an active participant, you can take a tax deduction for a percentage amount, up to 100%, of your contribution, depending on your income and filing status. You can definitely contribute to a Roth IRA too. However, according to the IRS for the 2011 tax year : Contributions to a traditional IRA reduce your limit for contributions to a Roth IRA. There is a chart in Publication 509 from the IRS that lets you figure how the Roth IRA contribution will affect your traditional IRA contribution limit. Yes. You can make contributions to all three. However, you might not be able to deduct all of your contribution to the Traditional IRA and the Simple IRA. Being able to take a tax deduction for a contribution to your Traditional IRA depends on. 1 your modified adjusted gross income. 2 your tax-filing status.", "1 The annual contribution limit on IRAs is only applicable to the combination of traditional and Roth IRAs. 2 So if you are in a situation where you are able to fully fund a Roth IRA and a SEP, SIMPLE, and/or Education IRA, the law allows you to do so. A couple of distinctions to note: 1 Be aware that you may contribute to a Roth IRA and a SEP, SIMPLE, and/or Education IRA at the same time. 2 ", "Contribution Limits. The contribution limits for SIMPLE IRAs are lower than 401(k) plans, so your SIMPLE IRA contribution cannot exceed the lower limit and your total contributions can't exceed the higher, 401(k) plan limit. In 2012, the limit for a SIMPLE IRA is $11,500 and the limit for a 401(k) plan is $17,000. ", "1 Be aware that you may contribute to a Roth IRA and a SEP, SIMPLE, and/or Education IRA at the same time. 2 The annual contribution limit on IRAs is only applicable to the combination of traditional and Roth IRAs. A couple of distinctions to note: 1 ", "For 2015, you can contribute the maximum $5,500 to a Roth IRA ($6,500 if you are age 50 or older by the end of the year) if you are single or the single head of a household and your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is less than $164,000. " ], "url": [ "http://money.stackexchange.com/questions/13491/if-i-have-a-simple-ira-can-i-also-contribute-to-a-traditional-ira-and-or-roth-ir", "http://www.ehow.com/about_7485609_can-roth-ira-same-time.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/081414/can-i-contribute-roth-ira-and-still-participate-my-employersponsored-retirement-plan.asp", "http://money.stackexchange.com/questions/13491/if-i-have-a-simple-ira-can-i-also-contribute-to-a-traditional-ira-and-or-roth-ir", "http://www.fool.com/money/allaboutiras/allaboutiras04.htm", "http://finance.zacks.com/can-contribute-401k-simple-ira-same-year-2907.html", "http://www.fool.com/money/allaboutiras/allaboutiras04.htm", "http://www.rothira.com/what-is-a-Roth-IRA" ] }

[]

[ "June 20, 1863." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The region chose to remain in the Union and form a new state. West Virginia was admitted into the Union in 1863, after conditions requiring the gradual emancipation of slaves had been met. The state motto is Mountaineers are always free, and West Virginia lives up to its nickname of the Mountain State..", "West Virginia was admitted to the Union as a Free State with the agreement that current conditions of slavery would be phased out. President Lincoln approved the statehood bill for West Virginia on January 1, 1863. On April 20, 1863, West Virginia was proclaimed a State, effective 60 days later on June 20, 1863.", "On December 10, 1862, the House of Representatives passed the act. On December 31, President Lincoln signed the bill into law, approving the creation of West Virginia as a state loyal to the Union without abolishing slavery. The next step was to put the statehood issue to a vote by West Virginia's citizens.", "Confederate forces occupied a portion of West Virginia during the war, but West Virginian statehood was nonetheless approved in a referendum and a state constitution drawn up. In April 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the admission of West Virginia into the Union effective June 20, 1863.", "1 In 1792, nine counties known as the Kentucky District of Virginia entered the union as the state of Kentucky, and in 1863, western counties of Virginia were approved to enter the union as the state of West Virginia.", "A+E Networks. During the Civil War, West Virginia is admitted into the Union as the 35th U.S. state, or the 24th state if the secession of the 11 Southern states were taken into account. The same day, Arthur Boreman was inaugurated as West Virginia’s first state governor." ], "url": [ "http://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/wv/es_wv_subj.html", "http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/wv_flag.htm", "http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehoo.html", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/west-virginia-enters-the-union", "http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/virginia", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/west-virginia-enters-the-union" ] }

[]

[ "An individual skeletal muscle may be made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In the body, there are three types of muscle: skeletal (striated), smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements. Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements. The peripheral portion of the central nervous system (CNS) controls the skeletal muscles. Thus, these muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control.", "The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The musculoskeletal system refers to the system having its muscles attached to an internal skeletal system and is necessary for humans to move to a more favorable position.", "The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. In these organs, muscles serve to move substances throughout the body.... ", "Structure of Skeletal Muscle. A whole skeletal muscle is considered an organ of the muscular system. Each organ or muscle consists of skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood or vascular tissue. Skeletal muscles vary considerably in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single cylindrical muscle cell. An individual skeletal muscle may be made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium. Fascia, connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscle", "Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal muscle is called voluntary because you can control this type of muscle. You can voluntarily choose to move them. These muscles attach to bones, move the skeleton, and are found in the arms, legs, neck, or anywhere you can voluntarily move a body part.", "The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system refers to the system having its muscles attached to an internal skeletal system and is necessary for humans to move to a more favorable position.", "Skeletal muscle comprises the largest single organ of the body. It is highly compartmentalized, and we often think of each compartment as a separate entity (such as the biceps muscle). Each of these individual muscles is composed of single cells or fibers embedded in a matrix of collagen. " ], "url": [ "http://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/types.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html", "http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/structure.html", "http://www.e-missions.net/cybersurgeons/?/musc_teacher/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system", "http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/Struct.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A: People can catch anthrax from infected animals or contaminated animal products. Most natural infection. comes from skin contact. In the past, industrial wool sorters were at high risk of infection. ", "Anthrax disease is a severe illness caused by bacteria named Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax disease can result in pneumonia, blood infection, and death. Most of the time anthrax bacteria live in an inactive form called spores. Inactive anthrax spores live naturally in soil and can be carried in the wool or on the skin of animals-usually cows, sheep, or goats. 1 Lung Anthrax or Pneumonia is the most likely form of disease after an intentional release of anthrax and occurs by breathing in anthrax spores. 2 After exposure, it usually takes 2-7 days (but sometimes up to 2 months) until illness starts.", "Humans can get anthrax through contact with infected animals, by handling wool and other products from infected animals, or by eating meat from an infected animal. Naturally-occurring cases of human anthrax are rare in the U.S. In its spore form, anthrax is hard to kill. Spores are naturally present in soil, where they can survive for many years. Animals like cattle, sheep, horses and goats can get the illness if they come in contact with anthrax in the soil.", "Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Most forms of the disease are lethal, and it affects mostly animals. It is contagious and can be transmitted through contact or consumption of infected meat. Anthrax does not spread directly from one infected animal or person to another; rather, it is spread by spores. These spores can be transported by clothing or shoes. The body of an animal that had active anthrax at the time of death can also be a source of anthrax spores.", "Q. What is anthrax? A. Anthrax is a disease caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It is a disease which has existed for hundreds of years and which still occurs naturally in both animals and humans in many parts of the world, including Asia, southern Europe, sub-Sahelian Africa and parts of Australia. Anthrax bacteria can survive in the environment by forming spores.", "Anthrax can be found naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world. Although it is rare in the United States, people can get sick with anthrax if they come in contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Contact with anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals. Anthrax is not contagious, which means you can’t catch it like the cold or flu. Domestic and wild animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, and deer can become infected when they breathe in or ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water. In areas where domestic animals have had anthrax in the past, routine vaccination can help prevent outbreaks.", "Anthrax is an infection caused by a bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It is a naturally occurring disease known from the times of Moses and annotated in the annals of the Romans. Found throughout the world in Africa, Asia, Europe, North/South America, & Middle East, this bacteria hibernates in the form of spores. ", "Anthrax is NOT Contagious. You cannot catch anthrax from another person the way you might catch a cold or the flu. In rare cases, person-to-person transmission has been reported with cutaneous anthrax, where discharges from skin lesions might be infectious. Certain activities (described below) can increase a person’s chances of getting infected. Most people who get sick from anthrax are exposed while working with infected animals or animal products such as wool, hides, or hair. Inhalation anthrax can occur when a person inhales spores that are in the air (aerosolized) during the industrial processing of contaminated materials,", "People get infected with anthrax when spores get into the body. When this happens, the spores can be activated and become anthrax bacteria. Then the bacteria can multiply, spread out in the body, produce toxins (poisons), and cause severe illness. Most people who get sick from anthrax are exposed while working with infected animals or animal products such as wool, hides, or hair. Inhalation anthrax can occur when a person inhales spores that are in the air (aerosolized) during the industrial processing of contaminated materials,", "Anthrax is caused by exposure to the spores of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis that become entrenched in the host body and produce lethal poisons. It is primarily a disease of grazing animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Pigs are more resistant, as are dogs and cats. " ], "url": [ "http://www.lafn.org/medical/dr.bt.anthrax.QA.html", "http://www.sfcdcp.org/anthrax.html", "http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/anthrax/anthrax.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax", "http://www.who.int/csr/disease/Anthrax/anthraxfaq/en/", "http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html", "http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nhoki/Patients/CommunityHealth/PopHealth/Pages/AnthraxFAQ.aspx", "http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/how-people-are-infected.html", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anthrax/article_em.htm" ] }

[]

[ "A system specification document is used to present the functions, performance and limitations of a software product or system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Format: Checklist / Specifications/Procedures. The System Requirements Specification (SRS) document describes all data, functional and behavioral requirements of the software under production or development.", "System Requirements Specification (SyRS) : This is the high-level engineering document that enumerates the requirements on how the system is to function. It is not a software-only document; if the system involves hardware, or multiple software components, then it describes them as well.", "A functional specification (or sometimes functional specifications) is a formal document used to describe in detail for software developers a product's intended capabilities, appearance, and interactions with users.", "A software design document can be at the level of a system or component, and generally includes: 1 relevant goals or requirements (functional and non-functional); 2 static structure (e.g., components, interfaces, dependencies);", "A system specification document is used to present the functions, performance and limitations of a software product or system.", "The software requirements specification is sometimes called a functional specification, a product specification... This is very confusing for me as I thought FS describes just functions while SRS whole system. From this point of view, FS would contain both non functional and functional requirements and everything else.", "System Specification Document. A system specification document is used to present the functions, performance and limitations of a software product or system. The document should contain an overview of the product which shall describe what the system is supposed to do and the jobs it will perform.", "System Design Specification: The System Design Specification (SDS) is a complete document that contains all of the information needed to develop the system. Unlike the SRS, the target audiences of this document are the implementation and testing teams, so the SDS should be written at a more technical level." ], "url": [ "http://www.projectmanagement.com/deliverables/238236/System-Requirements-Specification", "http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/179447/system-requirement-specification-vs-functional-one-separate-docs", "http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/functional-specification", "http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/179554/what-is-the-difference-between-technical-specifications-and-design-documents", "http://www.sampledocuments.in/system-specification-document.html", "http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/179447/system-requirement-specification-vs-functional-one-separate-docs", "http://www.sampledocuments.in/system-specification-document.html", "http://cs.armstrong.edu/sjodis/COURSES/3321/design-guide.html" ] }

[]

[ "13 years", "17 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You’re probably familiar with the annual cicadas that come out every summer, typically called dog-day cicadas. The rarer 13- and 17-year cicadas are growing underground all the time, feeding on nutrients in trees, but only come out after they’ve fully grown (after 13 or 17 years). The difference between a 13-year and a 17-year cicada is that one species simply takes four years longer to mature than the other.", "There are also species of periodical cicadas, as they're called, that emerge from the ground every 13 years, but we won't see those in 2013 (p eriodical cicadas are different from annual cicadas which come out every year). ", "Other names: Cicadas are also called 17 year Locust, Cicada insects or Periodical Cicada. Large spring hatches, called broods, emerge in 13 year and 17 year cycles. The 2015 Cicada emergence will have two different broods emerging. Brood IV will arrive in IA,KS,MO,NE,OK, and TX. This brood is a 17 year cycle. Brood XXIII affects several state: AR, IL, IN, KY, LA, MO, MS, and TN. It is a 13 year brood", "Why do 17-year cicadas come out more often than every 17 years? Along with 17-year cicadas, there are five broods of 13-year cicadas, which are more prevalent in the southeastern part of the U.S. [source: Penn State University ].", "Best Answer: They came out every 17 years or so. But you have some that come out alternately. Like how people give birth every year insects come out in intervals to one another at the same time. but you also have a lot of different species of Cicadas that you see as well that are out every year. Which come out every year. The best-known North American genus is Magicicada, however. These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and emerge in large numbers. xyzzy · 5 years ago.", "For example, in 2014, Brood III is expected to appear in Iowa, Illinois and Missouri. And in 2015, Brood IV will make a comeback in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas [source: Cicada Mania ]. In fact, there's a brood of cicadas coming out every year in a different part of the eastern U.S. Along with 17-year cicadas, there are five broods of 13-year cicadas, which are more prevalent in the southeastern part of the U.S. [source: Penn State University ].", "Each brood includes different species of cicadas that emerge together in a collective bid to find suitable mates. There are 13 broods of 17-year cicadas. Along with 17-year cicadas, there are five broods of 13-year cicadas, which are more prevalent in the southeastern part of the U.S. [source: Penn State University ]. Each brood operates on a different schedule, which means you don't have to wait 13 or 17 years to witness the insects' next en masse eruption", "Cicadas spend years underground and come out once in a blue moon for a frenzy of activity. But certain broods, like the one that emerged in 2004, come out like clockwork every 13 or 17 years. Why cicadas come out in their prime. I'm Bob Hirshon and this is Science Update. 2004 is the year of Brood X—a group of cicadas that emerge from the soil every 17 years to molt and mate. Other types come out every 13 years. This prompted one listener from Washington, D.C., to wonder why these insects have such odd-numbered life cycles. We asked biologist Keith Clay of Indiana University", "It depends on which genus of cicadas they are. Most of the North American species are in the genus Tibicen: the annual or dog-day cicadas (so named because they emerge in late July and August [1]). Which come out every year. The best-known North American genus is Magicicada, however. These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and emerge in large numbers. xyzzy · 5 years ago." ], "url": [ "http://thebugman.us/2011/04/the-13-year-cicadas-set-to-invade-middle-tennessee/", "http://www.businessinsider.com/17-year-cicadas-will-overrun-the-east-coast-any-day-now-2013-5", "http://www.gardenersnet.com/atoz/cicada.htm", "http://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/why-17-year-cicadas-come-more-than-17-years.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100918115447AArDjRh", "http://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/why-17-year-cicadas-come-more-than-17-years.htm", "http://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/why-17-year-cicadas-come-more-than-17-years.htm", "http://sciencenetlinks.com/science-news/science-updates/cicada-cycles/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100918115447AArDjRh" ] }

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[ "It is Located directly above the first rib, it acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The collarbone is a doubly curved bone that connects the arm to the body (trunk). Located directly above the first rib it acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely. Medially, it articulates with the manubrium of the sternum (breast-bone) at the sternoclavicular joint. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is palpable in all people; in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible, as it creates a bulge in the skin.", "Best Answer: The collar bone (the clavicle is the anatomical name for it) is located medial to the arm (closer to the center of the body), and lateral to the chest plate (or farther away from-towards the arm). ", "In human anatomy, the clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is palpable in all people; in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible, as it creates a bulge in the skin.", "Location of the Clavicle. The clavicle is located at the top of the thoracic wall, just below the neck and to the sides of the breastbone (sternum). It lies just above the first rib on either side of the anterior (front) chest wall. The human clavicle or collarbone is a short bone that lies on the front of the chest (thoracic) wall. It plays an important role in connecting the upper limb to the trunk of the body. The clavicle is also the most frequently fractured bone of the upper body especially since it lies superficially..", "scapula-is the shoulder blade. located on the back of your body. clavicle-is bone bone that connects to the shoulder. its located in between the shoulder and neck. 4 people found this useful. Edit. ", "Collar Bone. Collar Bone or Clavicle, located between the shoulder blade and the ribcage, is the bone that connects the arm to the breast bone (called sternum). A broken collar bone is termed as a clavicle fracture, common among people of all ages. Clavicle is a long bone, and the breaks would occur mostly in its middle, and rarely at the shoulder blade or ribcage. Clavicle fractures are often caused due to a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched arm, or a vehicular collision.", "One of the bones that meet at the shoulder is the clavicle, which is also known as the collarbone. The collarbone is long, thin, and located at the base of the neck. One of the main functions of the collarbone is to hold the arms freely and supported, away from the trunk. Fractures of the collarbone are common.", "scapula-is the shoulder blade. located on the back of your body. clavicle-is bone bone that connects to the shoulder. its located in between the shoulder and neck. 4 people found this useful. Edit. The clavicle (collar bone) is located in the pectoral girdle. The pectoral girdle is where the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle are located. The pectoral girdle is al … so referred to as the shoulder girdle. The clavicle's sternal end articulates with the sternal notch of the manubrium of the sternum while the acromial end articulates with the acromion of the scapula", "The collarbone (clavicle) is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula), and it connects the arm to the body. The clavicle lies above several important nerves and blood vessels. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090304163514AAWVs8p", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle", "http://www.healthhype.com/clavicle-human-collarbone-anatomy-parts-location-and-functions.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_your_clavicle_and_scapula_located", "http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/collar-bone/", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/clavicle-bone", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_the_clavicle_located", "http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00072" ] }

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[ "A magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to provide pictures of blood vessels inside the body." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Why It Is Done. A magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) is done to look for: 1 A bulge (aneurysm), clot, or the buildup of fat and calcium deposits (stenosis caused by plaque) in the blood vessels leading to the brain. 2 An aneurysm or tear (dissection) in the aorta, which carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. With MRA, both the blood flow and the condition of the blood vessel walls can be seen. The test is often used to look at the blood vessels that go to the brain, kidneys, and legs. Information from an MRA can be saved and stored on a computer for further study. Photographs of selected views can also be made.", "An MRI and an MRA are actually the same test. The only difference is the application of the technology. Unlike X-rays, which use ionizing radiation to create medical images, both the MRI and MRA use powerful magnets and radio waves to create images of the inside of the body. If you or someone you love has suffered from a blood clot, stroke, heart disease, or similar health problem, your doctor may recommend a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) exam.", "Guide. A magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to provide pictures of blood vessels inside the body. With MRA, both the blood flow and the condition of the blood vessel walls can be seen. The test is often used to look at the blood vessels that go to the brain, kidneys, and legs. Information from an MRA can be saved and stored on a computer for further study. Photographs of selected views can also be made.", "You might be familiar with the testing procedure called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . In this test, radio waves, a magnetic field, and a computer create a scan of your body parts to look for health problems. Magnetic resonance angiography – also called a magnetic resonance angiogram or MRA – is a type of MRI that looks specifically at the body’s blood vessels. Unlike a traditional angiogram, which requires inserting a catheter into the body, magnetic resonance angiography is a far less invasive and less painful procedure. During a magnetic resonance angiography, you lie flat inside the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, which is a large, tunnel-like tube that takes pictures of your body.", "MRA: The magnetic resonance angiogram, or MRA, is a noninvasive test that has demonstrated usefulness in defining the anatomy of blood vessels of certain size in the head and neck. MRA serves as a complement to traditional MRI scanning in evaluation of the brain and neck. Magnetic resonance angiogram is a general term that refers to various imaging techniques that are used to visualize the blood vessels by using magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes that are affected by changes in the flow of blood caused by changes in the shape of the blood vessels.", "2. MRA. An MRA is a troglodyte that writes “women’s rights --- ROFLOL!“ and “a woman is the useless skin around the vagina” on Urban Dictionary. An MRA thinks that a woman should be locked in the kitchen and “slammed and beaten” (a quote)", "MR angiography (MRA) uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to evaluate blood vessels and help identify abnormalities or diagnose atherosclerotic (plaque) disease. In magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency waves and a computer produce detailed images of the major arteries within the body. MR angiography does not use ionizing radiation (x-rays). MRA may be performed with or without contrast material.", "MRI vs MRA. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, is a relatively recent diagnostic tool that uses magnetic fields to create an image of the soft tissues within the body. It is very similar to what X-ray imaging but is more advanced and has the capability to show muscles and other organs. In summary, MRI and MRA imaging are medical tools that allow the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis of the problem that the patient is having. As each of them have their own uses that depend on what the condition is, it is up to the doctor to choose which tool he would like to employ." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/magnetic-resonance-angiogram-mra", "http://www.healthline.com/health/magnetic-resonance-angiography", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/magnetic-resonance-angiogram-mra", "http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/cardiovascular/magnetic_resonance_angiography_mra_135,14/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12199", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=MRA", "http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=angiomr", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-mri-and-mra/" ] }

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[ "Grilling salmon & tilapia fish" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Paninis and grilled cheese: Use a George Foreman Grill in place of a panini press to whip up all sorts of delicious hot sandwiches. Lemon-basil grilled cheese panini. (Image: The Lemon Bowl). Grilled potatoes: Add a crispy char and flavor to your potatoes. Pizza: Use George Foreman's pizza cooking plate to cook a pizza on your grill. You can grill a pan pizza. (Image: eHow). Chicken: An easy go-to for any night of the week.", "Grilling salmon on your George Foreman Grill is very easy and can be done with a minimum of ingredients. A basic salmon filet should be approximately 4 oz and 3/4″ thick. If you don’t have cooking spray, a light brushing of olive oil will do. Though the Foreman Grill is non-stick, fish can become very sticky so the spray or oil will make cooking and cleanup much easier. Brush both sides of salmon filets with olive oil and squeeze some fresh lemon on just before cooking.", "1 Heat grill. 2 Spray grill (or onions!) with non-stick cooking spray, or brush with olive oil. 3 Lay onion rounds on the grill, close it, and grill for 10-15 minutes. 4 Check at the halfway point, and turn rings over with a spatula if you want to fiddle with them. 5 Or don’t, if you don’t. 6 It won’t matter. Instructions. 1 Heat grill. 2 Spray grill (or onions!) with non-stick cooking spray, or brush with olive oil. 3 Lay onion rounds on the grill, close it, and grill for 10-15 minutes. 4 Check at the halfway point, and turn rings over with a spatula if you want to fiddle with them. 5 Or don’t, if you don’t. 6 It won’t matter.", "The most important thing when cooking bacon on the Foreman Grill is to make sure the grill is as hot as possible. Preheat grill for at least 5 minutes with the lid closed. Place bacon slices on grill, close lid, and leave it alone for several minutes. You can give it a look after about 5 minutes and flip the bacon over.", "The Evolve will change the way you prepare food. Grill, bake, and cook all on the same quality George Foreman Grill. A variety of grill plates let you create all your favorites and discover new, delicious meals and treats. ", "Heat your grill, grill pan or electric grill (such as a classic George Foreman) and cook the tofu on each side for 2-4 minute, until desired doneness. Brush each side with some of the remaining sauce before cooking. 8. Heat your grill, grill pan or electric grill (such as a classic George Foreman) and cook the tofu on each side for 2-4 minute, until desired doneness. Brush each side with some of the remaining sauce before cooking. 9.", "The versatility of a George Foreman Grill knows no bounds. While the indoor grill is typically used to cook meat and vegetables, you can make anything from breakfast to dessert in just a few easy steps. Below are instructions on how to make eggs and cookies, as well as links to other recipes that you can try on a George Foreman Grill. Pizza: Use George Foreman's pizza cooking plate to cook a pizza on your grill. You can grill a pan pizza. (Image: eHow). Chicken: An easy go-to for any night of the week.", "Please try again later. How to cook tilapia fish on a George Foreman Grill; get expert tips for homemade recipes in this free cooking video. Expert: Brandon Sarkis. Bio: Brandon Sarkis has been a professional chef for more than 12 years, and he has worked in Austin, Texas, Columbus, Ohio, and Atlanta, Ga. Filmmaker: brandon sarkis. ", "The answer, simply put, is YES you certainly can cook bacon on your George Foreman Grill. And it comes out perfect! Cooking bacon in a traditional frying pan is often messy, requires a lot of attention and flipping, and takes up valuable space when trying to make other breakfast items such as eggs or hash browns. Preheat grill for at least 5 minutes with the lid closed. Place bacon slices on grill, close lid, and leave it alone for several minutes. You can give it a look after about 5 minutes and flip the bacon over." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/list_6323518_things-cook-george-foreman-grill.html", "http://foremangrillrecipes.com/seafood-recipes/easy-grilled-salmon/", "http://www.shockinglydelicious.com/grilled-onions-on-a-george-foreman-grill/", "http://foremangrillrecipes.com/pork-recipes/bacon/", "http://www.georgeforemancooking.com/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070921060954AAtOHxd", "http://www.ehow.com/list_6323518_things-cook-george-foreman-grill.html", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0cA62MUBfo", "http://foremangrillrecipes.com/pork-recipes/bacon/" ] }

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[ "A machine that breaks up solids." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition of COMMINUTOR. : a machine that cuts up solids in raw sewage in preparation for purifying treatment. ADVERTISEMENT. 1 comminute + -or. ", "DIMMINUTOR®. The DIMMINUTOR provides automatic screening and grinding of liquid-borne solids with a straight through open channel design. ", "Role of Comminutors in Preliminary Treatment. Comminutors can be used in wastewater treatment to cut up and grind the coarse solids into smaller sizes so that this will eliminate the problems caused towards downstream operations especially clogging happening in pumps. ", "FitzMill comminuting machines are recognized worldwide as the industry standard for precision particle size reduction. The FitzMill® Comminutor. FitzMill comminuting machines are recognized worldwide as the industry standard for precision particle size reduction. ", "Tweet. A comminutor is a machine that is used in wastewater treatment plants to cut up wastewater solids. In other words, a comminutor is a size reduction device, doing so by grinding up the wastewater solids. Large, stringy wastewater solids can plug pump impellers and can damage belt filter presses and centrifuges.", "comminutor. (mechanical engineering). A machine that breaks up solids. 1 Facebook. 2 Twitter. ", "Broken into several pieces; denoting especially a fractured bone. [L. com-minuo, pp. - minutus, to make smaller, break into pieces, fr. minor, less]. /com·mi·nut·ed/ (kom´in-ldbomact″id) broken or crushed into small pieces, as a comminuted fracture. ", "Hammermill, used Fizpatrick DAS06 Fitzmill Comminutor Machine, 15HP, all stainless steel, Alard item Y1476. Category. License. ", "Comminution is the reduction of solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding, cutting, vibrating, or other processes. In geology, it occurs naturally during faulting in the upper part of the Earth's crust. Within industrial uses, the purpose of comminution is to reduce the size and to increase the surface area of solids. It is also used to free useful materials from matrix materials in which they are embedded, and to concentrate minerals.", "Model 26A (20 mgd). Chicago Pump comminutors installed over the years are most often in a channel or structure compatible with the dimensions of a replacement Grind Hog comminutor. Typical installation detail shown here should be confirmed to ensure compatibility. Custom retrofit options not listed are also available. " ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comminutor", "https://www.franklinmiller.com/product/dimminutor/", "http://www.wastewatersystem.net/2011/07/role-of-comminutors-in-preliminary.html", "http://www.pharmaceuticalonline.com/doc/fitzmill-comminutor-0001", "http://purestreamparts.com/blog/post/2013/10/30/What-Is-A-Comminutor.aspx", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/comminutor", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/comminuted", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60ewEucOLuk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comminution", "http://www.grindhog.com/chicago_pump.htm" ] }

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[ "$15-$30" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Composite railing ranges from $15-$30 per linear foot before installation costs. 2 Cable rail-Cable rail is a wonderful solution for properties with a view. 3 The slender metal cables run horizontally, and take up so little visual space that you can see the trees, mountains, or ocean beyond.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Stairway Handrail Installation project. For a basic 25 linear feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Stairway Handrail ranges between $15.06 - $29.98 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1.", "1 It’s easy to clean and long-lasting, requiring little maintenance to look good. 2 Composite railing ranges from $15-$30 per linear foot before installation costs. 3 Cable rail-Cable rail is a wonderful solution for properties with a view.", "CALL 1-888-686-7245 (RAIL). Cable rail is rapidly replacing glass, wood, iron and aluminum railings as the railing of choice for decks, balconies, and stairs. We are one of the industry’s leading sources for easy to install modular aluminum and stainless steel cable railing systems.", "Before purchasing any cable rail system, we always suggest you refer to your local code officials opinion prior to purchasing this product. We're sure that you'll find a system to fit the deck of your most discerning customer or family member. A typical system will cost between $75 - $100 per lineal foot.", "Ultra-tec Cable Railing by The Cable Connection. Our DIY stainless steel cable railing assembly kits cost between $1.50 - $2.50 per foot based on length of 50 feet. Our budget kits with 1/8 cable cost on average about $1.30 per foot.", "1 A capped composite deck can cost $20-28 per square foot. 2 Cedar or redwood-Cedar or redwood are good mid-range options in that they cost less than tropical hardwoods or composite, yet last 15 to 20 years." ], "url": [ "http://www.landscapingnetwork.com/decks/cost.html", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_stairway_handrail.html", "http://www.landscapingnetwork.com/decks/cost.html", "http://nadradeckandrailingproductandserviceguide.com/Listing/Company/40083107", "http://www.thedeckstoreonline.com/cable-rail-information", "http://www.houzz.com/discussions/238922/how-expensive-are-the-cable-railings-i-want-them-on-my-deck-so-i-can-see-the-birds-at-my-feeders", "http://www.landscapingnetwork.com/decks/cost.html" ] }

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[ "$3,000 to $8,500" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you are considering a tummy tuck (abdominoplasty), the cost of the procedure will likely play a role in your final decision. In general, tummy tuck cost includes three major fees: the surgeon's fee, the anesthesia fee and the facility fee. The average surgeon's fee is slightly more than $5,000, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. This is the average, which means individual surgeons may charge much more or less. Additional fees, often not included in your initial quote, may include preoperative tests (which can cost up to $500) as well as the cost of postoperative medications and compression garments (which can be as high as $350). Based on these estimated costs, the total cost of a tummy tuck ranges from $7,475 to $17,650.", "A tummy tuck, or abdominoplasty, can cost between $3,000 and $12,000, depending on the surgeon you choose, the geographic location of the surgeon's practice, the scope of treatment, and several other factors. Throughout our lives, perhaps no other area of the body is subject to as many changes as the abdomen. ", "Find Your Surgeon. Find Your Surgeon. The average cost of a tummy tuck is $5,493, according to 2014 statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Tummy tuck surgery cost can vary widely. The average fee referenced above does not include anesthesia, operating room facilities or other related expenses", "Affordable Tummy Tuck in the United States & Canada. If you stay in the States or Canada, the average cost for tummy tuck surgery is between $9,000 and $10,000 dollars. The more expensive cities typically have more expensive surgeons and vice versa, although surgeon experience and availability may also affect the price. ", "Related articles: Forehead Lift, Facelift, Breast Lift. 1 A tummy tuck, also called abdominoplasty, varies widely in cost from $3,000 to $8,500. 2 Patients in the northeastern United States can expect to pay higher surgeon's fees, averaging $4,995, while patients in the south central states pay much less, averaging $3,681. 1 The cost varies according to how much skin and fat has to be removed and whether the procedure is performed in a doctor's surgical suite or in a hospital. 2 Sometimes, a tummy tuck requires an overnight hospital stay, which can make the procedure considerably more expensive.", "For example, anesthesia can cost anywhere from $425 to $1,800, and the fee for the surgical facility can cost $1,200 if your tummy tuck is performed in your doctor's office or up to $10,000 if it takes place in a hospital and an overnight stay is warranted. Additional fees, often not included in your initial quote, may include preoperative tests (which can cost up to $500) as well as the cost of postoperative medications and compression garments (which can be as high as $350). Based on these estimated costs, the total cost of a tummy tuck ranges from $7,475 to $17,650.", "1 This includes an anesthesiologist fee of $500 to $700, a facility fee of $700 to $1,000 and a surgeon's fee, which averages $5,232 according to The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery,. 1 The cost varies according to how much skin and fat has to be removed and whether the procedure is performed in a doctor's surgical suite or in a hospital. 2 Sometimes, a tummy tuck requires an overnight hospital stay, which can make the procedure considerably more expensive.", "Cost Of Tummy Tuck Surgery. The price of a tummy tuck varies throughout the United States depending on region, and even throughout the Tampa Bay area. According to RealSelf.com, the average price of a tummy tuck in the United States is $7,800. The cost of a tummy tuck in Tampa including Clearwater and St. Petersburg, varies from $6,500 to $10,000. Prices of a tummy tuck will also depend on the complexity of each patient, distribution of fat, and necessity of other simultaneous procedures." ], "url": [ "http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/tummy-tuck/cost.htm", "http://www.docshop.com/education/cosmetic/body/tummy-tuck/cost", "http://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/tummy-tuck.html?sub=How+much+does+a+tummy+tuck+cost", "http://www.bariatric-surgery-source.com/affordable-tummy-tuck.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/tummy-tuck.html", "http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/tummy-tuck/cost.htm", "http://health.costhelper.com/tummy-tuck.html", "http://www.jaimeperezmd.com/procedures/body/tummy-tuck" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Rotator cuff injuries affect your whole upper body mobility and can cause you a world of pain. I've been training for about 20 years and my upper body mobility is limited because of heavy and repetitive shoulder exercises.", "The rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, the subscapularis and the teres minor, all of which are innervated by the subscapular and axillary nerves. The tendons of the rotator cuff combine to form one large band that is a 5 layer-structure.", "Print. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder. A rotator cuff injury can cause a dull ache in the shoulder, which often worsens when you try to sleep on the involved side.", "The exercises described below can help you strengthen the muscles in your shoulder (especially the muscles of the rotator cuff--the part that helps with circular motion). These exercises should not cause you pain. If you feel any pain, stop exercising. Start again with a lighter weight.", "1 Training your rotator cuff muscles can help you avoid pain, prevent future injuries, and fix muscular imbalances. 2 It's not uncommon for a trainee to add 20+ pounds to their bench press simply by strengthening the rotator cuff muscles.", "While your shoulder is one of your most mobile joints, it's also somewhat weak. Too much stress -- or too many fastballs -- can cause partial tears and swelling in the tendons of the rotator cuff. Abrupt stress may even cause one of the tendons to pull away from the bone or tear in the middle of the tendon." ], "url": [ "http://www.building-muscle101.com/weight-training-and-rotator-cuffs.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/sclark71.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rotator-cuff-injury/home/ovc-20126921", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/exercise-fitness/injury-rehab/rotator-cuff-exercises.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/criticalbench24.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/guide/rotator-cuff-tear" ] }

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[ "Greater, Bigger." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Akbar Name Meaning. The meaning of Akbar is “The greatest”. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. Instead, we recommend that you pay a greater attention to the origin and meaning of the name Akbar. Read our baby name articles for useful tips regarding baby names and naming your baby. If you are thinking of giving your baby the beautiful name Akbar, spread the love and share this with your friends.", "[ 2 syll. ak-bar, akb-ar ] The baby boy name Akbar is pronounced as aaKB AA R †. Akbar is primarily used in Arabic and Urdu. Its language of origin is Arabic. The meaning of Akbar is greatest. The names Acbar, Acbarr, Ackbar, Ackbarr, Akbara, and Akbarr are forms of Akbar. Akbar is uncommon as a baby boy name. It is not in the top 1000 names. Baby names that sound like Akbar include Abeer, Abhear, Abheir, Abher, Abhir, Abhyr, Abrao, Ackbar, Ackbarr, Akbarr, Abhier, Asbury, Okparo, Okparro, Abeeri, Abeerie, Abheer, and Abyr.", "[ more ]. Akbar is an uncommonly occurring first name for males but a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#14495 out of 150436, Top 10%). (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the birth name popularity of Akbar for boys. Akbar has yet to be recorded in the Top 1000 so far. Variations. Akbar is an uncommonly occurring first name for males but a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#14495 out of 150436, Top 10%). (2000 U.S. Census).", "What does Akbar mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Akbar is of Arabic origin. The meaning of Akbar is greatly praised. It is also of Persian origin, where its meaning is big, great. ", "Muslim (mainly Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh; also Iran): from a personal name based on Arabic akbar ‘greater’, ‘greatest’, an elative adjective from kabir ‘great’. Allahu Akbar (‘Allah is the Greatest’) is a slogan of Muslims throughout the world. Find out where people with the family name Akbar lived before coming to the United States. Using Ancestry, you can search through passenger arrival records, naturalization records, border crossings, emigration records, passport applications, and even convict transportation records.", "Hindi Meaning: The name Akbar is a Hindi baby name. In Hindi the meaning of the name Akbar is: Akbar was a 16th-century Muslim King. Muslim Meaning: The name Akbar is a Muslim baby name. In Muslim the meaning of the name Akbar is: Greater. Bigger.", "The form Allāhu is the nominative of Allah, meaning God . In the context of Islam, it is the proper name of God. The form akbar is the elative of the adjective kabīr, meaning great, from the Semitic root k-b-r. As used in the Takbīr it is usually translated as greatest, but some authors prefer greater. ", "First name origin & meaning: Arabic: Powerful. Last name origin & meaning: Muslim (mainly Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh; also Iran): from a personal name based on Arabic akbar ‘greater’, ‘greatest’, an elative adjective from kabīr ‘great’. Allahu Akbār (‘Allah is the Greatest’) is a slogan of Muslims throughout the world." ], "url": [ "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/akbar/", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Akbar", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Akbar", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Akbar.html", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=akbar", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/akbar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takbir", "http://baby-names.familyeducation.com/name-meaning/akbar" ] }

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[ "The ton that was used was equal to 2240 pounds (1016kg), and since this value is very close to actual metric tonne (1000kg)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ton vs Tonne. If you ask someone the difference between a ton and a tonne, it is likely that you may draw a blank as most people think that they are one and the same.", "The 'long ton' comprises 2240 pounds, whereas the 'short ton' comprises 2000 pounds. The 'tonne' (spoken as, 'metric ton') is a non-SI unit, equivalent to a mass of 1000 kg. A mass of one tonne is equivalent to 0.984 206 (long) tons. A mass of one tonne is equivalent to 1.102 311 (short) tons.", "In Britain for example, prior to the introduction of the SI system, the ton that was used was equal to 2240 pounds (1016kg), and since this value is very close to actual metric tonne (1000kg), people felt very little difference between the earlier ton and the metric tonne.", "The British ton is the long ton, which is 2240 pounds, and the U.S. ton is the short ton which is 2000 pounds. Both tons are actually defined in the same way. 1 ton is equal to 20 hundredweight. It is just the definition of the hundredweight that differs between countries.", "Ton vs Metric Ton. Ton and metric ton are units of measurement but there is difference between the two. Metric ton is a unit based upon SI system and is equal to 1000 kilos. Thus it is a megagram as it contains 1 million grams. Why the words ton and metric ton are being used is interesting to note.", "As such, since 1 kg is equal to 2.204 pounds, a ton falls short of 1 Tonne by a few kilograms. 1 Ton= 1000 X2.204= 2204 pounds. Ton is mostly used in the US where it contains 2000 pounds. If one tries to calculate its value in kilograms, it comes to around 910 kg. In the old British system of weights, 14 pounds make up one stone, 8 stones make up 1 hundredweight, and twenty hundredweight make up one ton." ], "url": [ "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-ton-and-vs-tonne/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Difference_between_5_ton_and_5_metric_ton", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-ton-and-vs-metric-ton/", "http://www.onlineconversion.com/faq_09.htm", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-ton-and-vs-metric-ton/", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-ton-and-vs-tonne/" ] }

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[ "It covers a wide variety of techniques and processes which use gardens and garden based activities to promote the physical, mental and social health of participants." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Horticultural Therapy has been defined as the use of plants and gardens for human healing and rehabilitation. It is an ancient practice, but a rather new profession. ", "Horticultural therapy incorporates horticultural activities facilitated by a registered therapist to achieve specific and documented treatment goals. For example, planting herbs helps increase sensory stimulation, watering helps improve motor skills, and group gardening helps decrease isolation and depression. ", "Horticulture Educator Mike Maddox gives us both the official and unofficial definition of Horticultural Therapy and explains how it is used in medicine and in our communities. Premiere date: Jul 01, 2012. ", "Horticultural Therapy is a very rewarding career if you enjoy helping people connect with nature as a way for them to heal. We are all interconnected and the results of Horticultural Therapy affirm that people need a good relationship with nature to lead healthy lives. Canadian Horticultural Therapy Association (CHTA) defines Horticultural Therapy as: “ a formal practice that uses plants, horticultural activities, and the garden landscape to promote well-being for its participants. HT is goal oriented with defined outcomes and assessment procedur", "The term Horticultural Therapy covers a wide variety of techniques and processes which use gardens and garden based activities to promote the physical, mental and social health of participants. Horticultural Therapy utilises many different disciplines and draws upon many different fields including, but not limited to: ", "Horticultural therapy is a relatively new discipline combining horticulture and rehabilitation disciplines. It employs plants and gardening activities in therapeutic and rehabilitation activities to improve human well being. Horticulture therapy employs plants and gardening activities in therapeutic and rehabilitation activities and could be utilized to improve the quality of life of the worldwide aging population, possibly reducing costs for long-term, assisted living and dementia unit residents.", "Horticultural Therapy. History and Practice. Horticultural therapy (HT) is a time-proven practice. The therapeutic benefits of garden environments have been documented since ancient times.", "Horticultural Therapy is defined by the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) as “a process in which plants and gardening activities are used to improve the body, mind and spirits of people.”. ", "Essentially, it is using gardens and plants to help with physical or emotional healing. The art of using plants as tools for healing is not a new practice. Ancient civilizations and various cultures throughout time have incorporated the use of horticultural therapy as part of a holistic healing regimen. " ], "url": [ "http://plantbiopath.rutgers.edu/horttherapy/whatis.html", "http://www.agrhodes.org/horticulturaltherapy/", "http://wpt.org/Wisconsin-Gardener/Segments/what-horticultural-therapy", "http://www.gardentherapynotes.com/What-is-Horticultural-Therapy.html", "http://www.cultivatensw.org.au/horticultural-therapy/", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372556/", "http://ahta.org/horticultural-therapy", "http://monarchgal.com/index.html", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/accessible/healing-gardens-for-therapy.htm" ] }

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[ "Meadow settlement.", "Meadow settlement." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Layton is used as both a boys and girls name. It consists of 6 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Lay-ton. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 3726 in baby name popularity for girls with 41 occurrences. View the Layton Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Layton has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Layton to other names. Layton is a variant spelling of Leighton. Variants of the name Layton include Leyton. The name Leighton is a form of Layton", "Layton /lay-ton/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is of Old English derivation, and the meaning of the name Layton is meadow settlement. Layton is an alternate spelling of Leighton (Old English). Lauten is a common last name. Kreatif forms: Leton, Lowton, Lyton. Layton is a rare given name for males but a very popular surname for all people (#1746 out of 150436, Top 1%). (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the baby name popularity of Layton for boys. Layton was first listed in 2001 and reached its peak position of #612 in the U.S. in the year 2012, and is presently at #643", "Etymology & Historical Origin-Layton. The surname-turned-first-name Layton comes from the same place as Leighton; both are the transferred use of an English and Scottish surname derived from a place name. Layton shows up sporadically a few times in the 20th century but was most likely bestowed as a family name. For all intents and purposes, Layton did not stick to the charts until this century in 2001. The name is performing better today because of the widespread American trend that favors using surnames as first names.", "Here are pictures of people with the name Layton. Help us put a face to the name by uploading your pictures to BabyNames.com! ", "The first thing you should know if you are considering Layton for your baby's name is that in most countries all over the world the name Layton is a boy name. The name Layton is of English origin, and is used mostly in English speaking countries but also in a few other countries and languages of the world. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Layton and its name origin or of any other name in our database.", "Leyton is an uncommonly occurring first name for males but a very prominent last name for all people (#36463 out of 150436, Top 24%). (2000 U.S. Census). Popular related forms of Leyton (not ranked) listed in the Top 1000 are Layton (#643 in 2014) and Leighton (#893) . Leyton /ley-ton/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. Leyton's root is Old English, and the name Leyton means meadow settlement. Leyton is a version of Leighton (Old English). Letton is a familiar last name.", "English names generally consist of a given name, middle name and family name. Many English speaking countries have fairly flexible naming laws. This allows the multicultural families that live in these countries to merge the naming conventions of their faiths or previous nationalities with their current homeland. View the Layton Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Layton has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Layton to other names. Layton is a variant spelling of Leighton. Variants of the name Layton include Leyton. The name Leighton is a form of Layton", "Early examples of the surname recording include Richard de Layton in the 1292 Pipe Rolls of Cumberland, whilst Richard Layton became dean of York in 1534. He was later appointed ambassador to Brussels in 1543 by King Henry V111. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Richard de Lecton, which was dated 1201, The Pipe Rolls of Shropshire, during the reign of King John known as Lackland, 1199 - 1216." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Layton.html", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Layton", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/layton/1874", "http://www.babynames.com/name/LAYTON", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/layton/", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Leyton", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Layton.html", "http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Layton" ] }

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[ "It is a production group from Austin, Texas that specializes in the creation of live action shorts and machinima, or films created using real-time, interactive engines from computer and video games.ooster Teeth Shorts Edit." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Rooster Teeth vs. Zombiens is a game made by Team Chaos that features some of the main Rooster Teeth personnel in their fight against zombies in the Rooster Teeth office and parking lot. It is currently available on the iOS store, Google Play store and Steam. At RTX 2014, Rooster Teeth announced during the RWBY panel on July 4 that a RWBY video game was in development, under the working title RWBY: Grimm Eclipse, making this the first video game ever created by the company. An early demo of the game was available for consumers to play at the event", "1,507 pages on this wiki. Rooster Teeth Productions is an online video production company that creates content ranging from short films, skit-style vlogs, podcasts, and machinima shows, but is most famous for its gaming videos. Red vs. Blue Edit. Rooster Teeth was previously most well-known for Red vs. Blue (RvB for short), a machinima series that takes place in Blood Gulch Canyon across the Halo series.", "Rooster Teeth hosts its convention, RTX, annually in Austin, Texas. The company's videos are released on its website and YouTube, on which it maintains over 8.2 million subscribers and over 4 billion video views, as of October 2015. At RTX 2014, Rooster Teeth announced during the RWBY panel on July 4 that a RWBY video game was in development, under the working title RWBY: Grimm Eclipse, making this the first video game ever created by the company. An early demo of the game was available for consumers to play at the event", "The company is owned by Matt Hullum. Rooster Teeth has a division called Achievement Hunter which produces most of the gaming content. Rooster Teeth's YouTube channel currently has 8.2 million subscribers, 3.8 billion video views, and 5,700+ videos. Red vs. Blue Edit. Rooster Teeth was previously most well-known for Red vs. Blue (RvB for short), a machinima series that takes place in Blood Gulch Canyon across the Halo series.", "What We Do. Rooster Teeth Productions is recognized as one of the world's leading innovators in the field of entertainment production. Over the past 11 years, we have built a global community of highly engaged and dedicated viewers. Rooster Teeth was asked by Verizon Wireless to develop an integrated campaign to generate awareness for the new Droid device.", "594 pages on this wiki. Rooster Teeth Productions is a production group from Austin, Texas that specializes in the creation of live action shorts and machinima, or films created using real-time, interactive engines from computer and video games. Rooster Teeth Shorts Edit. Following the positive reception of Captain Dynamic, Rooster Teeth began producing another live-action series, Rooster Teeth Shorts, a sketch comedy which parodies life at their offices in a similar fashion to the webcomic.", "Rooster Teeth. A company that makes several video series revolving around video games. The company's name is a play on the insult ''cock-bite'', which is scattered here and there throughout their main series called Red VS Blue. They also have a series that's dedicated to helping viewers with certain parts of video-games; called Achievement Hunter (after the X-Box 360 gamer-score system). Rooster Teeth. A website filled with 14 year-olds who's sole purpose is to brown nose their way to the staff's friend's list. As well as producing Red vs. Blue, Rooster Teeth also employs a Canadian and a bull dyke to produce very unfunny comics slathered with laugh-a-minute jokes about France a", "You’ll see your favorites from every Rooster Teeth production: Red vs. Blue, Achievement Hunter, Funhaus, Screw Attack, RWBY, Live Action, and more! Last year we raised $442,000 for Team Rooster Teeth and I am challenging our incredible community to cross the half million mark this year. So, begin your preparations, get your days off of work, the 7th is going to be a whirlwind of insanity.", "RWBY (pronounced Ruby ) is an American anime web series created by Monty Oum for Rooster Teeth Productions. The show is set in the fictional world of Remnant, which is filled with supernatural forces. Following its announcement, the show became a viral hit, resulting in many cosplays and fan adaptations. One of these adaptations, a video game titled RWBY: Grimm Eclipse, was later officially adopted by Rooster Teeth, and is currently under development." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooster_Teeth", "http://youtube.wikia.com/wiki/Rooster_Teeth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooster_Teeth", "http://youtube.wikia.com/wiki/Rooster_Teeth", "http://business.roosterteeth.com/", "http://roosterteeth.wikia.com/wiki/Rooster_Teeth_Productions", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Rooster%20Teeth", "http://www.roosterteeth.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWBY" ] }

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[ "Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are the viruses that cause 'human parainfluenza.' hPIVs are a group of four distinct serotypes of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family.", "Parainfluenza is a respiratory infection that seems very similar to influenza." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Parainfluenza is a respiratory infection that seems very similar to influenza (i.e. flu). However, it is typically less severe than flu. It may cause flu-like symptoms, and needs to be distinguished from other similar conditions, such as the common cold or flu. ", "Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are the viruses that cause 'human parainfluenza.' hPIVs are a group of four distinct serotypes of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. The first hPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes. These include: 1 Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) (most common cause of croup).", "The parainfluenza virus is often referred to by other names, such as canine influenza virus, greyhound disease and race flu. This virus used to affect only horses and is believed to have adapted to become contagious to dogs as well. Currently, no other species are at risk of this particular strain of the virus. ", "Parainfluenza 3. Parainfluenza viruses cause a spectrum of respiratory illnesses, from URIs, 30–50% of which are complicated by otitis media, to LRIs, about 0.3% of which require hospitalization. ", "Parainfluenza is a respiratory infection that seems very similar to influenza (i.e. flu). However, it is typically less severe than flu ... more ». However, it is typically less severe than flu ... more 1 ». Parainfluenza: Milder influenza-like infection. 2 Parainfluenza: A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.", "Disease overview. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus and is one of the most common pathogens of infectious tracheobronchitis, also known as canine cough. ", "Parainfluenza refers to a group of viruses called the human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV). There are four viruses in this group and each one causes different symptoms and illnesses. All forms of HPIV cause an infection in either the upper or lower respiratory area of the body. Most often, the symptoms of parainfluenza viruses are not severe enough to cause concern in healthy adults. They can, however, be life-threatening in an infant, the elderly, or anyone else with a compromised or weakened immune system. Any such person with HPIV symptoms should see a doctor or go to the emergency room.", "Article Body. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a group of organisms, types 1 through 4, that cause several different respiratory infections. For example, they are the major cause of croup, which is an inflammation of the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea) that makes breathing more difficult", "Parainfluenza is a respiratory infection that seems very similar to influenza (i.e. flu). However, it is typically less severe than flu ... more 1 ». Parainfluenza: Milder influenza-like infection. 2 Parainfluenza: A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children." ], "url": [ "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/parainfluenza/intro.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_parainfluenza_viruses", "http://www.vetinfo.com/parainfluenza-virus-in-dogs.html", "http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/parainfluenza3/en/", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/parainfluenza/basics.htm", "http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/diseases/130_19184_2/ProductDetails_130_114023.aspx", "http://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/parainfluenza", "https://healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Parainfluenza-Viral-Infections.aspx", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/parainfluenza/basics.htm" ] }

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[ "Purity in love with you" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "White balloon symbolizes cleanliness, sympathy in other way, and supports also in others. When we are talking about love life, white balloon ... read more. Hello, Symbolism is the art of using an object, act, or person to represent and explain another procedure or purpose from the story. 0. 1. White balloon symbolizes cleanliness, sympathy in other way, and supports also in others. When we are talking about love life, white balloon means purity in love with you. When we are showing sympathy and support for others who had been survivors or others got die, we use white balloon for showing our sympathy with them", "show more I look for spiritual signals and symbolism in things, and I was wondering if there is any spiritual symbolism to walking on the sidewalk with my dog when a white balloon suddenly floats in front of me and lingers near me. If you believe in spirituality or God or a higher power, does a white ballon seeming to... It means that a white balloon floated in front of you. The only miracle you'll see on this planet is life. Most people though disregard what a miracle that really is and instead wantonly destroy all manner of life for no reason whatsoever. J · 6 years ago.", "when i see a balloon i think of a birthday party.... 1. 1. It really depends on the context... You posted this in the drawing section, so I can`t make heads or tails of your question in and of itself. 1 22% - The angle of depression of a car from a balloon is 50°. if the balloon is 2000 feet from the car, how high is the balloon? 2 16% - A balloon is cooled by removing .655 kj of heat. 3 it shrinks on cooling and the atmopshere does 382 j of the work on the balloon. what`s the change ..?", "Next. I look for spiritual signals and symbolism in things, and I was wondering if there is any spiritual symbolism to walking on the sidewalk with my dog when a white balloon suddenly floats in front of me and lingers near me. If you believe in spirituality or God or a higher power, does a white ballon seeming to... It means that a white balloon floated in front of you. The only miracle you'll see on this planet is life. Most people though disregard what a miracle that really is and instead wantonly destroy all manner of life for no reason whatsoever. J · 6 years ago.", "If you have a dream in which you are carrying around a balloon, it could mean that you are trying to recall happier times when you were a child. [Reply] [Reply with quote] [Cancel reply]. In my dream I kept holding onto a balloon then it was making me rise 10 ft then I'd put my head down and counter weight the rise to fall back down. The dream was always near a beach.", "It is not possible to create a balloon using with the keyboard.... 0. 0. It is not possible to create a balloon using with the keyboard. There is a certain application you can use or an extension that you may download on your facebook account to post a balloon on your friends timeline. 0. 1. White balloon symbolizes cleanliness, sympathy in other way, and supports also in others. When we are talking about love life, white balloon means purity in love with you. When we are showing sympathy and support for others who had been survivors or others got die, we use white balloon for showing our sympathy with them", "I'm holding on to you like I'm holding on to white balloons, When you are a child once you get a balloon, you want to hold on to it. And the character is connecting those two together... oddone68011 on March 06, 2011 Link. No Replies Log in to reply. There was an error. My Interpretation I think this song is about being in love with your best friend and when to take it to the next level. When that happens, it's about more than a physical connection. They really know each other. I'm holding up white balloons up against a sky of doom.", "Best Answer: The color red is usually seen in dream interpretation as either a warning sign, or a representation of passion or strong feelings. Balloons represent either childhood or your hopes, especially of love. Interpretation 1: You have let go of some childish ways, you are growing up and quickly. The childish things you once held close, seem unimportant to what you've discovered recently." ], "url": [ "http://www.askmefast.com/What_does_white_balloons_symbolize-qna5226142.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090708003721AAP2VQ6", "http://www.askmefast.com/What_does_balloon_symbolize-qna311447.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090708003721AAP2VQ6", "http://www.gotohoroscope.com/txt/dream-dictionary-balloon.html", "http://www.askmefast.com/What_does_white_balloons_symbolize-qna5226142.html", "http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/3530822107858786433/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080730003629AArpuP6" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In this undated photo provided by Susan G. Komen for the Cure, new President and CEO Judith A. Salerno, left, is shown with Komen Founder and now Chair of Global Strategy Nancy G. Brinker. The breast cancer charity on Monday, June 17, 2013, announced that it named Salerno as its new leader. Dr. Judith Salerno, Susan G. Komen for the Cure's new CEO and President, said she anticipates a promising future for the charity.", "Nancy Brinker makes $684 thousand annually, a 64 percent increase from her salary in 2010. The CEO of the Red Cross, Gail McGovern, makes half a million annually — even though the Red Cross made $3.4 billion in revenue last year, 10 times the $340 million brought in by Susan G. Komen.", "3738994. Nancy Brinker, CEO of the Susan G. Komen Foundation, is making over and above other charity heads, even after the breast cancer charity recently cancelled half of their three-day charity walks for 2014. The foundation blamed the economy for the cancellations, reports NBC News. The CEO of the Red Cross, Gail McGovern, makes half a million annually — even though the Red Cross made $3.4 billion in revenue last year, 10 times the $340 million brought in by Susan G. Komen.", "Susan G. Komen, formerly known as Susan G. Komen for the Cure and originally as The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, often referred to as simply Komen, is the most widely known, largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States. To fulfill that promise, Brinker founded the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation in Komen's memory in 1982. In 2008, the 25th anniversary of the organization, the name was changed to Susan G. Komen for the Cure and trademarked a new logo in support of its promise to end breast cancer forever..", "Origins: When Susan Goodman Komen died of breast cancer at the age of 33 in 1980, her younger sister, Nancy Goodman Brinker promised she would do whatever she could to help end that disease. Brinker fulfilled that promise by founding The. Claim: The Susan G. Komen breast cancer organization gives only 20% of their donations to cancer research and pays their CEO $684,000 per year. Example: [Collected via e-mail, October 2014].", "Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy. Breast cancer advocates are up in arms because the CEO of the Susan G. Komen Foundation is still taking home a hefty salary even after the nonprofit recently canceled a number of charity walks and fundraising has dropped. ", "Mission. Nancy G. Brinker promised her dying sister, Susan G. Komen, she would do everything in her power to end breast cancer forever. In 1982, that promise became Susan G. Komen for the Cure and launched the global breast cancer movement. Charts", "Email. Financial reports reveal Nancy Brinker, founder and CEO of the Susan G. Komen foundation, received a 64 percent raise for a total pay package of $684,000, and despite Brinker announcing she would be stepping aside 10 months ago, she is still CEO of the charity. NBC's Lisa Myers reports. The Susan G. Komen Foundation, the nation’s largest breast cancer charity, was founded in 1982. Since its first race of 800 people in Dallas, the series grew to 138 races with 1.7 million participants around the world. In 30 years, the charity says it has raised more than $2 billion for research and community programs." ], "url": [ "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/24/judith-salerno-salary-smaller-than-brinkers_n_3479399.html", "http://dailycaller.com/2013/06/10/susan-g-komen-ceo-salary-up-64-as-charity-loses-funds/", "http://dailycaller.com/2013/06/10/susan-g-komen-ceo-salary-up-64-as-charity-loses-funds/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_G._Komen_for_the_Cure", "http://www.snopes.com/politics/business/komen.asp", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/10/nancy-brinker-komen-salary_n_3417144.html", "http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=4509", "http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/10/18869742-susan-komen-ceos-salary-draws-fire-as-donations-drop-races-are-canceled" ] }

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[ "It is any process by which genetic material is changed in such a way as to make possible the production of new substances or new functions." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Genetic engineering alters the genetic make-up of an organism using techniques that remove heritable material or that introduce DNA prepared outside the organism either directly into the host or into a cell that is then fused or hybridized with the host.", "Intentional germline genetic engineering in humans where the DNA changes will be inherited by successive generations is by far the biggest and most profound risk in genetic engineering. ANSWER: Intentional germline genetic engineering in humans where the DNA changes will be inherited by successive generations is by far the biggest and most profound risk in genetic engineering. The Center for Genetics and Society states it this way.", "Genetic engineering enables scientists to create plants, animals and micro-organisms by manipulating genes in a way that does not occur naturally. ", "Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. Genetic engineering alters the genetic make-up of an organism using techniques that remove heritable material or that introduce DNA prepared outside the organism either directly into the host or into a cell that is then fused or hybridized with the host.", "Aa Aa Aa. Genes influence health and disease, as well as human traits and behavior. Researchers are just beginning to use genetic technology to unravel the genomic contributions to these different phenotypes, and as they do so, they are also discovering a variety of other potential applications for this technology. This practice is defined as the nontherapeutic use of cells, genes, or genetic elements to enhance athletic performance. Gene doping takes advantage of cutting-edge research in gene therapy that involves the transfer of genetic material to human cells to treat or prevent disease (Well, 2008).", "The most common vector used in genetic engineering is a circular form of DNA known as a plasmid. Endonucleases are used to cut the plasmid molecule open at almost any point chosen by the scientist. Once the plasmid has been cut open, it is mixed with the insulin gene and a ligase enzyme. Genetic engineering. Photo by: Gernot Krautberger. Genetic engineering is any process by which genetic material (the building blocks of heredity) is changed in such a way as to make possible the production of new substances or new functions. As an example, biologists have now learned how to transplant the gene that produces light in a firefly into tobacco plants", "sidebarA. Genetic engineering (GE) is the modification of an organism’s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. Many concerns have been raised over the inadequate testing of the effects of genetic engineering on humans and the environment. Genetic engineering is still an emerging field, and scientists do not know exactly what can result from putting the DNA of one species into another.", "Full Definition of GENETIC ENGINEERING. : the group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result into an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics. Medica", "The Campaign Against Human Genetic Engineering, has been set up in response to this threat. Currently, genetic engineering is only applied to non-reproductive cells (this is known as 'gene therapy') in order to treat diseases in a single patient, rather than in all their descendants. Gene therapy is still very unsuccessful, and we are often told that the prospect of reproductive genetic engineering is remote. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering", "http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/genetic-engineering-in-humans-faq.htm", "http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/genetic-engineering/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Genetic-Inequality-Human-Genetic-Engineering-768", "http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ga-He/Genetic-Engineering.html", "http://www.sustainabletable.org/264/genetic-engineering", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/genetic%20engineering", "http://hgalert.org/topics/hge/threat.htm" ] }

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[ "Pojection of a single view of an object (as a view of the front) onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. Two-dimensional isometric or oblique views of a three-dimensional object on a drawing surface at right angles to the views and the lines of sight (projection). In these views the lines of the object parallel to the drawing surface are of true length and thus can be drawn to scale. Elevations, floor plans, and sections of a building are orthographic projections.", "A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an telecentric lens. The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane, as in multiview orthographic projections. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometr", "I. Definition of Orthographic Projection. Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projections, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.", "A method of projection in which an object is depicted using parallel lines to project its outline on to a plane. Example sentences. 1 These techniques were generalised into a system called geometrie géométrie, descriptive which is now known as orthographic, projection the graphical method used in modern mechanical. drawing ", "a two-dimensional pictorial representation of a three-dimensional object in which the object is shown separately in two or more accurate, scaled-down views, as from the top, front, and side: the views are typically displayed with the top view above and the side view alongside the front view. 1 Link/Cite. 2 Home. ", "It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. In computer graphics, one of the most common matrices used for orthographic projection can be defined by a 6-tuple, (left, right, bottom, top, near, far), which defines the clipping planes. These planes form a box with the minimum corner at (left, bottom, - near) and the maximum corner at (right, top, - far).", "The orthographic projection has been known since antiquity, with its cartographic uses being well documented. Hipparchus used the projection in the 2nd century BC to determine the places of star-rise and star-set. In computer graphics, one of the most common matrices used for orthographic projection can be defined by a 6-tuple, (left, right, bottom, top, near, far), which defines the clipping planes. These planes form a box with the minimum corner at (left, bottom, - near) and the maximum corner at (right, top, - far).", "For the orthographic projection as a map projection, see Orthographic projection in cartography. For mathematical discussion in terms of linear algebra, see Projection (linear algebra) . Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. In computer graphics, one of the most common matrices used for orthographic projection can be defined by a 6-tuple, (left, right, bottom, top, near, far), which defines the clipping planes. These planes form a box with the minimum corner at (left, bottom, - near) and the maximum corner at (right, top, - far).", "Definition of ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION. 1. : projection of a single view of an object (as a view of the front) onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface. 2. : the representation of related views of an object as if they were all in the same plane and projected by orthographic projection. ADVERTISEMENT" ], "url": [ "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/orthographic-projection.html", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/orthographic%20projection", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Definition-And-Importance-Of-Orthographic-Projection-1923434.html", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/orthographic-projection", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/orthographic-projection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/orthographic%20projection" ] }

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[ "Shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and egg." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Food allergy testing There are some useful diagnostic tests that can be used in conjunction with clinical history to diagnose the most common type of food allergy, which involves the production of IgE antibodies, the antibodies that are involved in an immediate type reaction. Fish, shellfish, peanuts, legumes and seeds are also common causes of allergy in adults. Food Allergy and Intolerances Food allergies occur when the body’s immune system wrongly thinks that a food protein is harmful and acts against it.", "The Most Common Allergy Triggers in Adults. Still, it’s clear that any type of allergy can first appear in adulthood. The most common adult allergy triggers also happen to be some of the most common triggers in general. They include: 1 Pollen. 2 Also known as hay fever, pollen allergy, which affects one in five people, is the most common. ", "Peanuts are one of the most common causes of food allergy and can cause severe reactions, including anaphylaxis. They contain a number of allergens that are not destroyed by cooking or roasting. Peanut allergy can be so severe that very tiny amounts can cause a reaction. The most common allergenic foods, also known as the ' big eight ', are: Among children, most allergic reactions to food are to peanuts, milk, soya, nuts from trees, eggs and wheat. The majority of children stop being allergic to foods early on in their childhood.", "Tree nut allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children and adults. Tree nuts can cause a severe, potentially fatal, allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). ", "The most common food allergens include peanuts, milk, eggs, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat — these foods account for about 90% of all allergic reactions. The most common food allergies in adults are shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and egg. The most common food allergies in children are milk, eggs, peanuts, and tree nuts. Six to eight percent of children under the age of three have food allergies and nearly four percent of adults have food allergies. Some types of food allergies among children resolve with age including that to milk, eggs, and soy; while others such as to nuts and shellfish typically do not. In the developed world about 4% to 8% of people have at least one food allergy.", "Food and Drug Allergies – Food allergy is more common among children than adults. Most food allergy reactions are caused by 8 foods: milk, soy, eggs, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish. Of these foods, peanut is the most prevalent allergen, followed by milk and then shellfish.3.", "Overview. More than 50 million Americans have an allergy of some kind. Food allergies are estimated to affect 4 to 6 percent of children and 4 percent of adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Food allergy symptoms are most common in babies and children, but they can appear at any age.", "Learn more about the most common allergy trigger foods. Allergic reactions to foods are very common and often very dangerous too. Other allergies are triggered by microscopic protein particles that are inhaled or come into contact with the skin. But food allergies usually involve proteins that have been ingested (swallowed). Virtually any food can cause allergy. But in reality the great majority of food allergies are caused by just a handful of foods. Among children, the foods most commonly linked to food allergy are: 1 milk. 2 eggs. 3 wheat. 4 fish.", "In adults, the most common food allergies are: 1 Peanuts. 2 Tree nuts. 3 Fish. 4 Crustaceans (such as shrimp, crabs, and lobster). 5 Mollusks (such as clams, oysters, and mussels). 6 Fruits. " ], "url": [ "https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/Allergy.pdf", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/allergy/adult-allergies-explained.aspx", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8624.php", "https://www.foodallergy.org/allergens/tree-nut-allergy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy", "http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=30", "http://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergies", "http://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/most-common-food-allergens", "http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/food-allergy-testing" ] }

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[ "A style of contemporary interpretive dance that focuses on the ability of the dancer to create geometric positions and movements." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tutting is a type of modern dance wherein body and arm movements are based on mathematical and/or geometric angles and shapes. If you like this article, you might also like.... 1 What is the Dougie? 2 What is “doing the dougie”? 3 What Is Jazz Dance? 4 What Is Zumba? 5 What is a Quadrilateral? 6 What is house music? 7 What is MMD? 8 What is FADC? 9 What is Garba? 10 What is Egyptian cotton?", "Learn what tutting is in this Howcast dance video with choreographers Jamal Cumberbatch and Searich Wilson Hong. My name is Jamal Cumberbatch. I’m Wilson Hong. And we are choreographers from the Eternity Dance academy. You can also check me and the other choreographers at eternitydanceacademy.com. ", "Some moves of tutting are called “King Tut”, which probably evolved from the dance’s reference to Egyptian art and the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamen. It was in the early part of 1980s when tutting became popular on the streets of the US, especially among youngsters. If you like this article, you might also like.... 1 What is the Dougie? 2 What is “doing the dougie”? 3 What Is Jazz Dance? 4 What Is Zumba? 5 What is a Quadrilateral? 6 What is house music? 7 What is MMD? 8 What is FADC? 9 What is Garba? 10 What is Egyptian cotton?", "Finger tutting is a type of dance that involves intricate movements of the fingers. The word tutting refers to use of angular movements reminiscent of Egyptian hieroglyphics. Finger tutting received international attention after practitioner John Hunt (aka Pnut) made a viral video entitled Greasy Fingers.", "Tutting is the sound made (usually to show dissaproval) by the tongue being held up to the roof of the mouth while inhaling pressure is exerted. Then, releasing the tongue, the tut sound is made by the released air. Tutting is also the kind of hip-hop dance that uses the body's ability to create geometric shapes and movements, usually with right angles. It's performed in sync with musical rhythm, kind of by suddenly altering a dancer's positions. ", "Tutting moves can be considered “big moves” wherein the whole body is involved in forming various angles and shapes. But tutting can also be done in “small” ways, particularly in doing what people call “finger tuts”. If you like this article, you might also like.... 1 What is the Dougie? 2 What is “doing the dougie”? 3 What Is Jazz Dance? 4 What Is Zumba? 5 What is a Quadrilateral? 6 What is house music? 7 What is MMD? 8 What is FADC? 9 What is Garba? 10 What is Egyptian cotton?", "The movements involved in tutting are done to mimic various angles and shapes and these are done along with the specific music beat or rhythm, making the whole dance routine somewhat robotic. On a viewer’s point of view, it will seem like the one doing the tutting move is showcasing different shapes and angles. If you like this article, you might also like.... 1 What is the Dougie? 2 What is “doing the dougie”? 3 What Is Jazz Dance? 4 What Is Zumba? 5 What is a Quadrilateral? 6 What is house music? 7 What is MMD? 8 What is FADC? 9 What is Garba? 10 What is Egyptian cotton?", "About. Tutting is a style of hip hop dance that involves popping one’s hands and arms at perpendicular angles in sync to the beat. The dance can be traced back to the 1970s, but it found increased popularity in late 2013 through “hand tutting” videos on Vine. ", "Tutting is the name given to a style of contemporary interpretive dance that focuses on the ability of the dancer to create geometric positions and movements in which predominates the ' right angle. Despite the tutting is a prevalent form of dance in the community of dancers related forms such as funk and electronics, its history, how many dances, is not very well documented. The word 'Tutting' refers to a distinct style that caught on with the advent of funk styles during the early 1980s.", "Articles. Tutting is the name given to a contemporary abstract interpretive dance style that exploits the body's ability to create geometric positions and movements, predominately with the use of right angles. It is performed with minute attention to the musical rhythm, typically by altering positions in a stop-and-go fashion. Tutting as a whole or certain tutting moves have been referred to as 'King Tut'; it is likely from this colloquialism for the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, as a representative of ancient Egypt in western popular culture, that the form gained its name." ], "url": [ "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-tutting/", "http://www.howcast.com/videos/493879-What-Is-Tutting-Tutting/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-tutting/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_tutting", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_tutting", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-tutting/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-tutting/", "http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/tutting", "https://www.facebook.com/HipHopDanceSA/posts/712244085470009", "http://www.hiphoparea.com/breakdance/tutting.html" ] }

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[ "Thoracic surgery is usually performed by a surgeon who specializes in either general thoracic surgery or cardiothoracic surgery." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "mediastinum (the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus). Holonyms (thoracic cavity is a part of...): chest; pectus; thorax (the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates).", "Definition. Thoracic surgery is the repair of organs located in the thorax, or chest. The thoracic cavity lies between the neck and the diaphragm, and contains the heart and lungs (cardiopulmonary system), the esophagus, trachea, pleura, mediastinum, chest wall, and diaphragm.", "The noun THORACIC CAVITY has 1 sense: 1. the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart. Familiarity information: THORACIC CAVITY used as a noun is very rare. Dictionary entry details.", "The cardiothoracic ratio aids in the detection of cardiomegaly, or more broadly, enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. It is measured on a PA chest x-ray, and is the ratio of: 1 maximal horizontal cardiac diameter. 2 maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (inner edge of ribs / edge of pleura).", "the bony structure enclosing the thorax, consisting of the ribs, vertebral column and sternum. thoracic cavity. see thorax; called also chest. thoracic duct ligation. a surgical procedure used in the treatment of chylothorax where medical management is unsuccessful. thoracic girdle. the incomplete ring of bones that support the thoracic limb, made up of the scapula, clavicle, coracoid and occasionally other elements.", "Thoracic surgery is usually performed by a surgeon who specializes in either general thoracic surgery or cardiothoracic surgery. The patient is placed under general anesthesia and endotracheally intubated for the procedure. The procedure followed varies according to the purpose of the surgery.", "All the thoracic vertebrae-all 12 have ribs attached. The curve the thoracic spine has is call … ed the thoracic curve, or kyphosis. It is normal to have a curve but if the curve is excessive or twists to the side it is abnormal. It can cause problems or if mild most people do not know it is there." ], "url": [ "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/thoracic_cavity.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thoracic+surgery", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/thoracic_cavity.htm", "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cardiothoracic-ratio", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thoracic", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thoracic+surgery", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_thoracic_mean" ] }

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[ "East Africa" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Kenya. Kenya is a beautiful country located in the eastern part of the African continent. Many books have been written about the history, nature and the fascinating life in this beautiful country and not without reason.", "Afripedia. A country in East Africa, the Republic of Kenya borders Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Ethiopia to the north. Facts and Figures. Kenya was named after Mount Kenya from the Kikuyu name Kere-Nyaga (Mountain of Whiteness).", "Around 2000 BC, Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa settled in the part of East Africa that is now Kenya. By the 1st Century AD, the Kenyan coast was frequented by Arab traders, who due to Kenya's proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, established Arab and Persian colonies there.", "Kenya lies across the equator in east-central Africa, on the coast of the Indian Ocean. It is twice the size of Nevada. Kenya borders Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest.", "Kenya is located on the eastern side of Africa. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the South East, Tanzania on the South, Uganda on the West, Sudan on the North West, Ethio … pia on the North and Somalian on the North East. found this useful. Cheryl Murdock.", "Kenya map with capital Nairobi click to zoom. Kenya lies astride the equator on the eastern coast of Africa. Kenya is bordered in the north by Sudan and Ethiopia, in the east by Somalia, on the southeast by the Indian Ocean, on the southwest by Tanzania and to the west by Lake Victoria and Uganda.", "Kenya is located on the eastern part of the African continent and lies on the equator. The country is bordered in the north to Sudan and Ethiopia and Uganda in the west. Somalia and the Indian Ocean form the eastern border and Tanzania the southern border." ], "url": [ "http://www.africamiracles.com/kenya/information", "http://www.africa.com/kenya/", "http://www.kenyarep-jp.com/kenya/history_e.html", "http://www.infoplease.com/country/kenya.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_part_of_Africa_is_Kenya", "http://www.africaguide.com/country/kenya/", "http://www.africamiracles.com/kenya/information" ] }

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[ "During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of adverse effects may occur, called immune-related adverse events." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Recently, ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. We review the literature on managing the adverse effects and kinetics of tumor regression with ipilimumab and provide guidelines on their management. During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of adverse effects may occur, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Hypophysitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, iridocyclitis, lymphadenopathy, neuropathies, and nephritis have also been reported with ipilimumab. Early recognition of irAEs and initiation of treatment are critical to reduce the risk of sequelae. Interestingly, irAEs correlated with treatment response in some studies.", "Many adverse drug reactions are mediated by the immune system. This can be because the therapeutic effect of the drug targets the immune system. For example, immunosuppressive drugs increase the risk of infections. It is paradoxical that some immunosuppressive drugs can lead to autoimmune reactions. Another mechanism by which drugs can cause an adverse reaction involves an idiosyncratic response to the drug such as an immune-mediated skin rash. These idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are difficult to study because of the paucity of valid animal models and their unpredictable nature", "Ipilimumab is generally well tolerated but can be associated with a host of novel side effects, presumably due to the immune system activation by CTLA-4 blockade. Collectively the spectrum of side effects is described as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ", "Monoclonal antibodies directed against the immune checkpoint protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4; CD152)-ipilimumab and tremelimumab-have been investigated in metastatic melanoma and other cancers and have shown promising results. Hypophysitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, iridocyclitis, lymphadenopathy, neuropathies, and nephritis have also been reported with ipilimumab. Early recognition of irAEs and initiation of treatment are critical to reduce the risk of sequelae. Interestingly, irAEs correlated with treatment response in some studies.", "Recently, ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. We review the literature on managing the adverse effects and kinetics of tumor regression with ipilimumab and provide guidelines on their management. During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of adverse effects may occur, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Abstract. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the immune checkpoint protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4; CD152)—ipilimumab and tremelimumab—have been investigated in metastatic melanoma and other cancers and have shown promising results.", "The terms “drug allergy,” “drug hypersensitivity,” and “drug reaction” are often used interchangeably. Drug reactions encompass all adverse events related to drug administration, regardless of etiology. Drug hypersensitivity is defined as an immune-mediated response to a drug agent in a sensitized patient. Adverse drug reactions caused by immune and nonimmune mechanisms are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They are the most common iatrogenic illness, complicating 5 to 15 percent of therapeutic drug courses.", "A range of autoimmune effects or “immune-related adverse events” have been described in patients undergoing treatment with ipilimumab: enterocolitis, hypophysitis, hepatitis, dermatitis, myopathy, pancreatitis, and nephritis [ 8 – 11 ]. A sarcoidosislike reaction has also been reported [ 12 ]. CONCLUSION. Novel immune-related tumor response criteria should be applied to patients undergoing therapy with ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab also produces a spectrum of immune-related adverse effects that can be recognized radiologically.", "Management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab. Weber JS(1), Kaehler KäHLER, Kc Hauschild. A author: (information)1. H Lee Moffitt Cancer center And Research, institute 12902 Magnolia, Drive, TAMPA fl, 33612. [email protected]. org Hypophysitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, iridocyclitis, lymphadenopathy, neuropathies, and nephritis have also been reported with ipilimumab. Early recognition of irAEs and initiation of treatment are critical to reduce the risk of sequelae. Interestingly, irAEs correlated with treatment response in some studies.", "OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to illustrate examples of radiologic immune-related response criteria and toxicity in patients with advanced melanoma treated with the immunotherapeutic agent ipilimumab. CONCLUSION. CONCLUSION. Novel immune-related tumor response criteria should be applied to patients undergoing therapy with ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab also produces a spectrum of immune-related adverse effects that can be recognized radiologically.", "Guidelines for the management of immune-related adverse events associated with ipilimumab therapy are also presented. These stress vigilance, prompt intervention, and the use of corticosteroids as appropriate. Various ipilimumab-associated immune-related adverse events, both common (enterocolitis, dermatitis) and less frequent (hepatitis, hypophysitis), are illustrated in case studies. The objective of this review is to provide information on the administration, treatment responses, and expected outcomes of treatment of metastatic melanoma with the new immunotherapeutic agent, ipilimumab, a drug with a unique mechanism of action that differentiates it from current treatments." ], "url": [ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614989", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149477", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/762282_2", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614989", "http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/30/21/2691.abstract", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1101/p1781.html", "http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.6032", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614989", "http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.6032", "https://www.dovepress.com/characteristics-and-management-of-immune-related-adverse-effects-assoc-peer-reviewed-article-CMAR" ] }

[]

[ "Flu and measles" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bacterial diseases include any type of illness caused by bacteria. Bacteria are a type of microorganism, which are tiny forms of life that can only be seen with a microscope. Other types of microorganisms include viruses, some fungi, and some parasites. Common pathogenic bacteria and the types of bacterial diseases they cause include: Escherichia coli and Salmonella cause food poisoning. Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.", "Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial to ones body, a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases. The most common bacterial disease is tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which affects just about 2 million people mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Some eukaryotic organisms, such as protists and helminths, cause disease. One of the best known diseases caused by protists in the genus Plasmodium is malaria. These can range from 3-200 micrometers in length.", "Microbes and disease. A few harmful microbes, for example less than 1 % of bacteria, can invade our body (the host) and make us ill. Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles. There is also strong evidence that microbes may contribute to many non–infectious chronic diseases such as some forms of cancer and coronary heart disease. Different diseases are caused by different types of micro-organisms. ", "Bacteria cause bacterial infections and viruses cause viral infections. Antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but they are not effective against viruses. Infections caused by bacteria include strep throat, tuberculosis and urinary tract infections. Diseases caused by viruses include chickenpox, AIDS and common colds. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine whether a bacterium or a virus is causing your symptoms.", "A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal flora and fauna. Some eukaryotic organisms, such as protists and helminths, cause disease. One of the best known diseases caused by protists in the genus Plasmodium is malaria. These can range from 3-200 micrometers in length.", "The microorganisms, or microbes, that can cause disease come in different forms. Viruses and bacteria are probably the most familiar because we hear so much about them. But fungi, protozoa, and helminths are also big players in the story of infectious disease. Bread mold and hookworm, both infectious agents, are neither bacteria nor viruses. Viruses and bacteria may be the most recognizable of the microbes that can cause infectious disease. But there are several other varieties.", "These toxins can damage your cells. Some bacteria damage your cells directly as they grow. Disease symptoms such as a high temperature, headaches and rashes can be caused by the damage and toxins or by the way your body responds to the damage and toxins produced by the bacteria.", "Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, several are pathogenic. One of the bacterial diseases with the highest disease burden is tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella.", "1 Most of these diseases are infections, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be foodborne. 2 Other diseases are poisonings, caused by harmful toxins or chemicals that have contaminated the food, for example, poisonous mushrooms. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/bacterial-diseases", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen", "http://microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/microbes-and-disease", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/infectious_diseases", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen", "http://needtoknow.nas.edu/id/infection/microbe-types/", "http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_pathogens/pathogens8.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria", "http://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foodborne-germs.html" ] }

[]

[ "Rocks and soil", "The Earth itself is a source of terrestrial radiation. Radioactive materials (including uranium, thorium, and radium) exist naturally in soil and rock. Essentially all air contains radon, which is responsible for most of the dose that Americans receive each year from natural background sources.nternal Radiation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most of the variation in exposure to natural radiation results from inhalation of radioactive gases that are produced by radioactive minerals found in soil and bedrock. Radon is an odourless and colourless radioactive gas that is produced by the decay of uranium. Thoron is a radioactive gas produced by the thorium. Radiation occurs when energy is emitted by a source and then travels through a medium, such as air, until it is absorbed by matter. Radiation can be described as two basic types, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. N", "Background radiation is the ubiquitous ionizing radiation that people on the planet Earth are exposed to, including natural and artificial sources. Both natural and artificial background radiation varies depending on location and altitude. Displays showing ambient radiation fields of 0.120-0.130 μSv/h (1.05-1.14 mSv/a) in a nuclear power plant. This reading includes natural background from cosmic and terrestrial sources, but excludes any contribution from contamination in the air, food, and water.", "Uranium and thorium decay to other radioactive atoms, including radium, which then decays to radon gas. Since radon is an inert (that is,chemically stable) gas, it moves from the soil, where it is produced, and into the air. Radon is a natural part of the earth's atmosphere. ", "Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us. Radiation can be found in soils, in our air and water, and in us. Because it occurs in our natural environment, we encounter it every day through the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe. ", "Terrestrial Radiation. The Earth itself is a source of terrestrial radiation. Radioactive materials (including uranium, thorium, and radium) exist naturally in soil and rock. Essentially all air contains radon, which is responsible for most of the dose that Americans receive each year from natural background sources. Internal Radiation. All people have internal radiation, mainly from radioactive potassium-40 and carbon-14 inside their bodies from birth and, therefore, are sources of exposure to others. The variation in dose from one person to another is not as great as that associated with cosmic and terrestrial sources.", "Displayed background gamma radiation level is 9.8 μR/h (0.82 mSv/a) This is very close to the world average background radiation of 0.87 mSv/a from cosmic and terrestrial sources. Displays showing ambient radiation fields of 0.120-0.130 μSv/h (1.05-1.14 mSv/a) in a nuclear power plant. This reading includes natural background from cosmic and terrestrial sources, but excludes any contribution from contamination in the air, food, and water.", "They are even found in us, being that we are products of our environment. Every day, we ingest and inhale radionuclides in our air and food and the water. Natural radioactivity is common in the rocks and soil that makes up our planet, in water and oceans, and in our building materials and homes. There is nowhere on Earth that you can not find Natural Radioactivity. Radioactive elements are often called radioactive isotopes or radionuclides or just nuclides", "Much of the information and many of tables found on this page are adapted from information found in Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial and Military Sources by Merrill Eisenbud and Tom Gesell, Academic Press, Inc. 4 th Edition. Every day, we ingest and inhale radionuclides in our air and food and the water. Natural radioactivity is common in the rocks and soil that makes up our planet, in water and oceans, and in our building materials and homes. There is nowhere on Earth that you can not find Natural Radioactivity.", "Natural sources of background radiation include: 1 Cosmic rays-radiation that reaches the Earth from space. 2 Rocks and soil-some rocks are radioactive and give off radioactive radon gas. Natural sources. Natural sources of background radiation include: 1 Cosmic rays-radiation that reaches the Earth from space. 2 Rocks and soil-some rocks are radioactive and give off radioactive radon gas. 3 Living things-plants absorb radioactive materials from the soil and these pass up the food chain." ], "url": [ "http://www.nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/resources/radiation/introduction-to-radiation/types-and-sources-of-radiation.cfm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_radiation", "http://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/320-063_bkvsman_fs.pdf", "http://www.radiationanswers.org/radiation-sources-uses/natural-radiation.html", "http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/sources/nat-bg-sources.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_radiation", "http://physics.isu.edu/radinf/natural.htm", "http://physics.isu.edu/radinf/natural.htm", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/atoms_radiation/nuclearradiationrev1.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "India and eastern Pakistan." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "cotton was referred to in a Hindu Rig-Veda hymn mentioning threads in the loom.. It is generally believed that the first cultivation of cotton was in India, though it grew wild in several locations around the world. People living in Egypt's Nile Valley and across the world in Peru were also familiar with cotton.", "Cotton is believed to have originated from the Indus Valley Civilization, which a huge area of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan over 7000 years ago. In the Americas, co … tton was first cultivated in Mexico some 8", "Cotton is a plant, it grows wild in many places on the earth, but it has been known about, cultivated and put to use by people of many lands for centuries. Scientists and historians have found shreds of cloth or written reference to cotton dating back at least seven-thousand years.", ") belongs to the Malvaceae family and is one of the most important and earliest domesticated plants in the world. It was domesticated independently both in the Old World and in the New World. The word cotton originated from the Arabic term al qutn, which became in Spanish algodon algodón and cotton In. english", "THE PLANT. There are several species of wild cotton (cotton that grows uncultivated) in the world. They have been found in Australia, Africa, Arizona, Central America, Lower California, Brazil, Mexico and other tropical countries and islands.", "By 1500, cotton was known generally throughout the world. Cotton seed are believed to have been planted in Florida in 1556 and in Virginia in 1607. By 1616, colonists were growing cotton along the James River in Virginia. Cotton was first spun by machinery in England in 1730.", "Cotton grows from seeds of the cotton tree/plant/shrub-gossypium. The places it comes from include India, America, Africa, China, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey. Cotton shrubs a … re native to Tropical and SubTropical regions internationally.", "Scientists searching caves in Mexico found bits of cotton bolls and pieces of cotton cloth that proved to be at least 7,000 years old. They also found that the cotton itself was much like that grown in America today. In the Indus River Valley in Pakistan, cotton was being grown, spun and woven into cloth 3,000 years BC.", "The Origins of Cotton. A cotton plant blooms in a field watered by an underground irrigation system July 27, 2011 near Hermleigh, Texas. A severe drought has caused the majority of dry-land (non-irrigated) cotton crops to fail in the region." ], "url": [ "http://cottonsjourney.com/Storyofcotton/page2.asp", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_countries_does_cotton_originate_from", "http://cottonsjourney.com/Storyofcotton/page2.asp", "http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/a/Cotton.htm", "http://www.cottonsjourney.com/storyofcotton/page3.asp", "https://www.cotton.org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_does_cotton_come_from", "https://www.cotton.org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/", "http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/a/Cotton.htm" ] }

[]

[ "It refers to a paste where the main ingredient is chili pepper." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "chili paste. Widely used in Chinese cooking, this paste is made of fermented fava beans, flour, red chiles and sometimes garlic. It's available in Chinese markets and many large supermarkets. From The Food Lover's Companion, Fourth edition by Sharon Tyler Herbst and Ron Herbst. ", "Yuzukoshō. Chili pepper paste usually refers to a paste where the main ingredient is chili pepper. Some are used as a cooking ingredient, while others are used to season a dish after preparation. In Korean cuisine, red pepper paste is used to create red pepper sauce, which is a common seasoning in the cuisine", "From Cook's Thesarus: chile paste = Asian chile paste = chili paste = chilli paste Notes: This is a blend of hot chile peppers, garlic, oil, and salt that's commonly used in Asian cuisine. Can't find Srichicha sauce either. If a recipe calls for the Chili Paste with Garlic and I substitute hot sauce or red pepper flakes, say in a tenderloin recipe (thinking of the Fig Glazed tenderloin), should I add some minced garlic or garlic powder, too?", "Many people are asking what this paste is used for. Garlic chili paste is a standard ingredient everyone should have in their fridge. Any time you want to add a little kick, a little spice, it’s wonderful. If your paste is not too hot, you can add it into the background of many sauces. ", "Chili paste is remarkably similar in appearance to ketchup, but filled with heat and great pepper aroma. Chili paste is made with a variety of dried. that are ground and mixed with liquid. It is used as a table condiment or as an addition to numerous ethnic dishes as well as soups and stews. Many recipes, such as. , can also be livened up with chili paste. ", "There are many different types of chili peppers used in chili paste. One is the Ancho chili, made from dried poblano peppers. It is milder than most made in Mexico. Some chili pastes are made from green chili pepper. The chili's are often ground mixed with salt and oil. Green chili paste is made in the United States and other countries. It is often as spicy as red chili paste depending on the pepper used to make it. History. Red chili paste dates back to the 1700s. It is primarily a Korean condiment. It is made with red chili powder, glutinous rice powder and soybean paste.", "Chili paste is a popular condiment served in Korean, Mexican, and Asian cooking. There are several types of chili paste. Some are made with hot red peppers and others green. The recipe and the amount of heat the paste has depends on the country it came from. History. Red chili paste dates back to the 1700s. It is primarily a Korean condiment. It is made with red chili powder, glutinous rice powder and soybean paste.", "Sambal is sauce typically made from a variety of chili peppers and secondary ingredients such as shrimp paste, fish sauce, garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, sugar, lime juice, and rice vinegar or other vinegars. The name lunu miris can be literally translated as salt chili and is a paste of red chili pounded with sea salt. A widespread derivative is katta sambal, which adds onions, crumbled Maldive fish, salt, and lime juice to the chili-and-salt mixture." ], "url": [ "http://www.foodterms.com/encyclopedia/chili-paste/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper_paste", "http://community.cookinglight.com/showthread.php?63271-Substitute-for-Chili-Paste", "http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/15/recipe-of-the-day-chili-garlic-paste/", "http://www.bigoven.com/article/recipe/chili%20paste", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5771176_chili-paste_.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5771176_chili-paste_.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambal" ] }

[]

[ "They are a large English breed with white, black or red feathers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "I LIKE this recipe for Cornish hens because it’s easy to do and a delicious entree entrée for. Two the basting ingredients result in a beautifully browned, hen sealing in the juices so that it is, moist tender and quite. FLAVORFUL TOTAL: Time: prep 10. min Directions. 1 Place hens on a rack in a shallow baking pan. 2 Combine the apple juice, soy sauce and browning sauce if desired; pour over hens. 3 Bake, uncovered, at 350° for 50-60 minutes or until a meat thermometer reads 180°, basting occasionally with pan juices. 4 Yield: 2 servings.", "In the United States, a Cornish game hen, also sometimes called a Cornish hen, poussin, Rock Cornish hen, or simply Rock Cornish, is a hybrid chicken sold whole. Despite the name, it is not a game bird. Rather, it is a broiler chicken, the most common strain of commercially raised meat chickens. A cornish hen typically commands a higher price per pound than typically sold chickens, despite a shorter growing span of 28 to 30 days, as opposed to 42 or more for regular chicken. The Rock Cornish game hen or Rock Cornish hen is a cross between the Cornish Game and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds.", "The Cornish game hen, though it may sound like a fancy name, merely refers to young chickens, which are usually fed a significant amount of food and slaughtered when they are about five weeks old. The name is a specific reference to the fact that the chickens are of the Cornish breed. Initially the name Guinea hen was used to refer to these small birds, but Cornish game hen has become more popular as the result of Connecticut farmers Jacques and Alphonsine Markowsky's breeding practices in the 1950s.", "A Cornish is a particular breed of chicken. Traditional Cornish hens are female Cornish chickens. The Cornish hens available in grocery stores are actually a hybridized breed of bird developed especially for commercial production. Cornish chickens are a large English breed with white, black or red feathers. They are a heritage breed, meaning they've been bred for many years in a particular location with traits conducive to thriving in that environment.", "Directions. Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. In a small mixing bowl, stir together salt, lemon pepper, dried basil and poultry seasoning. Rub olive oil all over the hens and season each with the salt mixture. Place the hens on a baking sheet pan with plenty of space between them. You may need to use 2 pans. Loosely stuff the cavities of each hen with some green bell pepper, celery and onion", "Many people like to stuff the Cornish game hen, and for this, only about 1 cup (200 grams) of stuffing is needed. As with any poultry, a cook should stuff the game hen just before placing it in the oven to avoid the possible growth of salmonella. The name is a specific reference to the fact that the chickens are of the Cornish breed. Initially the name Guinea hen was used to refer to these small birds, but Cornish game hen has become more popular as the result of Connecticut farmers Jacques and Alphonsine Markowsky's breeding practices in the 1950s.", "Cornish Hens. Cornish chickens are a large English breed with white, black or red feathers. They are a heritage breed, meaning they've been bred for many years in a particular location with traits conducive to thriving in that environment. They are now raised by backyard enthusiasts and small farm" ], "url": [ "http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/cornish-hens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_game_hen", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-cornish-game-hen.htm", "http://animals.mom.me/difference-between-chicken-cornish-hen-5812.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/patrick-and-gina-neely/roasted-cornish-game-hens-recipe.html", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-cornish-game-hen.htm", "http://animals.mom.me/difference-between-chicken-cornish-hen-5812.html" ] }

[]

[ "Manchester" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "John Matthew WILLIAMSON 1 was born in 1859 in Colac Victoria, Australia, died 9th March 1916 in Kew, Victoria, Australia, at age 57, and was buried on 11 March 1916 in Geelong Eastern Cemetery, Geelong Victoria Australia. Joseph Patrick WILLIAMSON 1 was born in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia. He never married. + 46 F v. Teresa WILLIAMSON 1 was born 22nd January 1866 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died 26th September 1937", "Matthew WILLIAMSON 1 (Matthew 3, William (Rev) 1) was born in 1815, was baptized 8th October 1815 in Northgate Canterbury Kent England, and died 20th April 1890 in Colac Victoria, Australia, at age 75. General Notes: Matthew WILLIAMSON 1815 - 1890 - There is a map of part of Colac dated approx. 1855. Joseph Patrick WILLIAMSON 1 was born in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia. He never married. + 46 F v. Teresa WILLIAMSON 1 was born 22nd January 1866 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died 26th September 1937", "Edward George Seymour WILLIAMSON 1 was born 10th August 1820 in Westbere Kent England. 3. Matthew WILLIAMSON 1 (William (Rev) 1) was born in 1784 in Elham Kent England, died 18th May 1859 in Birrewarra Victoria, at age 75, and was buried 20th May 1859 in Birrewarra Victoria. The cause of his death was debility caused by old age. Joseph Edmund WILLIAMSON 1 was born 23rd September 1819 in Canterbury Kent England, died 24th October 1911 in Colac Victoria, Australia, and was buried in Warncourt Victoria Australia. + 13 M iv. John WILLIAMSON 1 was born in 1819 and died in 1838 in Hobart Tasmania Australia, at age 19. He never married.", "Meet Matthew. Matthew Williamson was born in Manchester in 1971. He grew up and studied there until the age of 17, when he was offered a place on the fashion degree course at Central Saint Martins College, London. His luxury fashion house produces four women's ready-to-wear collections annually and is based in Mayfair, London. 2:47. Read more. Relaxed glamour reminiscent of David Bailey's shots of Marie Helvin in his book, Chasing Rainbows, sets the tone for Matthew Williamson spring/summer 2015.", "Famous As: English fashion designer. Childhood: Born in Chorlton, Williamson studied in Manchester until he was 18, when he moved to London to attend school at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. He graduated in 1994 with a BA 2:1 in Fashion Design and Printed Textiles. ", "Matthew Williamson was born in Chorlton on October 23, 1971, and studied in Manchester before moving to London to enrol at St Martins. In the mid-Nineties a tanned, good-looking youth from Central St Martins College of Art and Design started visiting the Vogue offices on Hanover Square during lunch time to sell the embroidered scarves that he'd had made in India. Just over a decade later that young man was partner in a fashion empire worth £52 million.", "He was born on October 23, 1971 in Manchester, England, and studied in Manchester at Loreto College until he was 17. He then moved to London to attend school at Central Saint Martin's College of Art and Design, graduating in 1994. In 2005, he launched his own perfum te range; the following year he was appointed Creative Director at Emilio Pucci. In 2007, a runway show of his designs was incorporated into the video for Prince 's song Chelsea Rodgers from his Planet Earth album.", "Malcolm WILLIAMSON 1 (Matthew 3, William (Rev) 1) was born circa 1832 in Hobart Tasmania Australia, died 9th December 1908 in Dunolly Victoria, Australia, at age 76, and was buried in Tarnagulla, Victoria Australia. Joseph Patrick WILLIAMSON 1 was born in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died in 1864 in Colac Victoria, Australia. He never married. + 46 F v. Teresa WILLIAMSON 1 was born 22nd January 1866 in Colac Victoria, Australia and died 26th September 1937", "Gilbert Williamson, born 25 Feb 1829 in Gardie, Mid Yell, Shetland. He married Mary JanetWilliamson 29 Jan 1854. Generation No. 7 67. Margaret 7 Williamson (David William 6, William 5 Mathewson, Matthew 4 Laurenson, Laurence 3 Mathewson, Matthew 2 Thomason, Thomas 1 Mathewson) was born Abt. 16 Jan 1837 in North Dale, Fetlar, Shetland. 68. Grace Janet 7 Williamson (David William 6, William 5 Mathewson, Matthew 4 Laurenson,Laurence 3 Mathewson, Matthew 2 Thomason, Thomas 1 Mathewson) was born 1801 in Gardie, Mid Yell,Shetland, and died 14 Apr 1899 in Sellafirth, North", "When was Matthew williamson born? already exists. already exists as an alternate of this question. exists and is an alternate of. What's next after the Origami Yoda series is complete? Will you write sequels of any of your other books? Is Matthew williamson gay? When was born Matthew Espinosa? When was Lexi Matthews born? When was Mackenzie Sol ... " ], "url": [ "http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~talltrees/FamilyHistories/Williamson/Williamson3.htm", "http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~talltrees/FamilyHistories/Williamson/Williamson3.htm", "http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~talltrees/FamilyHistories/Williamson/Williamson2.htm", "http://www.youtube.com/user/MatthewWilliamsonMW", "http://www.circa-club.com/gallery/gay_history_icons_matthew_williamson.php", "http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/matthew-williamson/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Williamson", "http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~talltrees/FamilyHistories/Williamson/Williamson3.htm", "http://www.davidkfaux.org/MathewsonThomasDescendants.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_Matthew_williamson_born" ] }

[]

[ "Atlas Mountains, the Congo River Basin, the Nile River, and the Sahara Desert" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Namib Desert: The Namib is a coastal desert in southern Africa that stretches for more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi) along the Atlantic coasts of Angola, Namibia, and South Africa, extending southward from the Carunjamba River in Angola, through Namibia and to the Olifants River in Western Cape, South Africa.", "There are many landforms found in Africa. Africa has the Atlas Mountains, the Congo River Basin, the Nile River, and the Sahara Desert.", "This is one of the most distinct physical features of Africa. It is a very large valley formed by the earth’s crust pulling apart. The Great Rift Valley begins in Syria north of Africa and goes all the way down to Mozambique in the south region. It is over 4,000 miles long.", "The chaparral biome is found in a little bit of most of the continents-the west coast of the United States, the west coast of South America, the Cape Town area of South Africa, the western tip of Australia and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.", "The highest peak is Mt. Toubkal in western Morocco at 13,671 ft. (4,167 m). Congo River Basin: The Congo River Basin of central Africa dominates the landscape of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and much of neighboring Congo. In addition, it stretches into Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Zambia.", "Landforms found in Africa include deserts, rivers, lakes, islands, valleys, and mountains. There are also plains areas, savannahs, and highlands.", "There are many landforms found in Africa. Africa has the Atlas Mountains, the Congo River Basin, the Nile River, and the Sahara Desert." ], "url": [ "http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/aflnd.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_of_Africas_distinctive_landforms", "http://www.k12opened.com/ebooks/ss/ebook-africaphysicalgeography/index.html", "http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.htm", "http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/aflnd.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_of_Africas_distinctive_landforms", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_list_of_landforms_in_Africa" ] }

[]

[ "5 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Dear ACE, I would like to know what age do children start Primary School in the UK. And what year will they start in. I have heard about the term when the child turns five. I have also heard about early fives. My son was born on 21/12. The intake for children into Reception is the September during the year they turn 5, so if a child turns 5 between 1st September,2009 and 31st August 2010 then he/she will start in September 2009. It is Nursery schools intakes that do things different, they start the children the term after they turn 3", "Introduction. Most children in Ireland start their first-level education in primary schools (also called national schools) at the age of 4 or 5 years of age. Legally, children can be enrolled at primary school from the age of 4 upwards and must have started their formal education by the age of 6 years. The primary school cycle is 8 years long.", "This means that Scottish children do not usually start school below the age of four years and six months. 5 Wales: As in England, children reach compulsory school age at the start of the school term following their fifth birthday, which may be in September, January or April. If they turn five in September to March, they will start in the reception class (ISCED 0).", "Starting school. Most children begin primary school at the start of the school year in which they reach school age (5 years old). All schools must admit children from the September following their 4th birthday. A school year runs from September to the following August. ", "2 Cyprus: Compulsory school age is reached by children who are five years eight months old before 1 September. Pre-primary education is compulsory for five-to six-year-olds, that is, for one year, for children who are four years and eight months old by 1 September. 3 England: Children reach compulsory school age at the start of the school term following their fifth birthday, which may be in September, January or April. 5 Wales: As in England, children reach compulsory school age at the start of the school term following their fifth birthday, which may be in September, January or April. If they turn five in September to March, they will start in the reception class (ISCED 0).", "Education at this level lasts for 5 years and is compulsory for all children.The country's literacy rate is over 90%. According to the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey 2006 of Vietnam’s General Statistics Office, 96% of six to 11-year-old children enrolled in primary school. Children in the Netherlands must be at least four years old to enter primary education. Almost all 4-year-olds (99.3%) in the Netherlands indeed attend primary school, although this is not compulsory until children reach the age of 5. Primary school is free of charge.", "Children born between 1 September 2011 and 31 August 2012 will usually start school in September 2016. Children are entitled to 38 weeks of school in their first (reception) year. Most children will start school full-time from the second week of term, week beginning 12 September 2016.", "The statutory school age in England, Wales and Scotland is from 5 years to 16 years. In England term starts in September, the entry year is reception (R) and children must be 5 before August 31 the following year. The Scottish school year starts in August. The entry class is primary 1 (P1) and a child must be 5 before the end of the following February to gain admission to P1." ], "url": [ "http://www.netmums.com/coffeehouse/netmums-coffeehouse-archives-528/education-school-admissions-advice-ace-216/212323-what-age-do-children-start-primary-school-all.html", "http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/primary_and_post_primary_education/going_to_primary_school/primary_education_life_event.html", "http://www.nfer.ac.uk/nfer/index.cfm?9B1C0068-C29E-AD4D-0AEC-8B4F43F54A28", "http://www.kent.gov.uk/education-and-children/schools/school-age", "http://www.nfer.ac.uk/nfer/index.cfm?9B1C0068-C29E-AD4D-0AEC-8B4F43F54A28", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_education", "http://www3.hants.gov.uk/education/admissions/ad-guidance/main-admissions-round/ad-startingschool.htm", "http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/education/startsch.html" ] }

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[ "A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a hybrid business entity having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship (depending on how many owners there are)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A noncorporate business whose owners actively participate in the organization's management and are protected against personal liability for the organization's debts and obligations. The limited liability company (LLC) is a hybrid legal entity that has both the characteristics of a corporation and of a partnership. An LLC provides its owners with corporate-like protection against personal liability. ", "One of the primary advantages of an LLC is that its owners, called members, have limited liability, meaning that, under most circumstances, they are not personally liable for the debts and liabilities of the LLC. Like a corporation, a limited liability company or LLC, is a separate and distinct legal entity.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. ", "The simple definition of a limited liability company (LLC) is that it is a form of business entity that limits the liability of its owners while allowing flexibility in operation and management and passing through its income to its members with no tax at the entity level. ", "In a partnership, the limited partners have limited liability, while the general partner has unlimited liability. The limited liability feature protects the investor's or partner's personal assets from the risk of being seized to satisfy creditor claims in the event of the company's or partnership's insolvency.", "A type of business organization that offers the limited liability of a corporation and the tax benefits of a partnership. The owners of an LLC are referred to as members, whose rights and responsibilities in managing the LLC are governed by an operating agreement. ", "DEFINITION of 'Limited Liability Company-LLC'. A corporate structure whereby the members of the company cannot be held personally liable for the company's debts or liabilities. Limited liability companies (LLC) differ slightly from one country to the next. However, it is essentially a hybrid entity that combines the characteristics of a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship. While the limited liability feature is similar to that of a corporation, the availability of flow-through taxation to the members of a LLC is a feature of partnership", "A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a hybrid business entity having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship (depending on how many owners there are). An LLC, although a business entity, is a type of unincorporated association and is not a corporation. For limited liability companies in the United Kingdom, see Limited company. For a general discussion of entities with limited liability, see Corporation. A limited liability company (LLC) is the United States-specific form of a private l", "LLC. A type of company, authorized only in certain states, whose owners and managers receive the limited liability and (usually) tax benefits of an S Corporation without having to conform to the S corporation restrictions. ", "A noncorporate business whose owners actively participate in the organization's management and are protected against personal liability for the organization's debts and obligations. The limited liability company (LLC) is a hybrid legal entity that has both the characteristics of a corporation and of a partnership. An LLC provides its owners with corporate-like protection against personal liability. It is, however, usually treated as a noncorporate business organization for tax purposes. State LLC statutes specifically provide that members of an LLC are not personally liable for the LLC's debts and obligations. This limited liability is similar to the liability protection for corporate shareholders, partners in a limited partnership, and partners in a limited liability" ], "url": [ "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Limited-liability+company", "https://www.legalzoom.com/knowledge/limited-liability-company/topic/limited-liability-company", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_company", "http://www.limitedliabilitycompanycenter.com/what_is_an_llc.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limitedliability.asp", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/limited_liability_company_llc", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/llc.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_liability_company", "http://www.investorwords.com/2817/Limited_Liability_Company.html", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Limited+Liability+Company" ] }

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[ "$27,000 and $40,000 per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The nation’s 1,214,170 retail managers made an average of $40,910 per year, as of May 2011, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The lowest paid 10 percent made less than $23,410 yearly, while the highest paid 10 percent made over a $61,940.", "As a Journeys Store Manager I made $250 a week salary plus 10% commission and a percentage of the store monthly. It also depends on how much y … ou and your team sell. My checks (bi-weekly) were anywhere from $650 to $850 usually, sometimes more during peak holidays.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Retail Store Manager in the United States is $54,198, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager in the United States are expected to make less than $54,198. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus.", "Salary. Pay for the position varies, but is typically somewhere between the pay for a manager and a salesperson. The median salary for the position as of September 2010 is $37,985, and the salary for a retail assistant manager with little to no experience is between $27,000 and $40,000 per year. With five to nine years of experience, you can expect a salary of least $33,000 and the pay slowly goes up from there.", "Answers. Best Answer: Retail store managers are usually salary because they have to work a lot of hours. An Abercombie store manager might make around $40,000 per year, but a Best Buy store manager would probably make somwhere between $70,000-$100,000 per year. I used to be a store manager at Spencer's and I made about $35,000, and a friend was a store manager at Service Merchandise and he made about $60,000." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/much-someone-retail-management-make-21017.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_retail_store_manager_or_supervisor_earn", "http://www1.salary.com/Retail-Store-Manager-salary.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7185319_much-retail-assistant-manager-make_.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100618204538AAAXoBA" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Earth's graceful 24-hour rotation rate is one of the traits that makes our planet so friendly to life, allowing most parts of Earth to stay a nice, comfortable temperature as they are bathed in sunlight during the day and darkness at night. The Moon formed much closer to Earth than it is today. As Earth rotates, the Moon's gravity causes the oceans to seem to rise and fall. (The Sun also does this, but not as much.) There is a little bit of friction between the tides and the turning Earth, causing the rotation to slow down just a little.", "Here is one. During an earthquake, the mass distribution in the Earth’s crust changes. This changes the Earth’s moment of inertia, which is the sum of the moments of inertia of each point. The moment of inertia of a point mass is the product of its mass and the square of its distance to the axis of rotation. ", "Earth's Rotation. Earth's Rotation and the Apparent Daily Motion of the Sky. The earth rotates about an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles of the planet. This line is called the axis of rotation. Earth rotates about this axis once each day (approximately 24 hours). More specifically, our rotation period (the time elapsed for one rotation) with respect to the stars is called a sidereal day. A sidereal day is 24 sidereal hours, or 23 hours and 56 minutes on a normal clock. Our clock time is based on the earth's rotation with respect to the sun from solar noon to solar noon.", "The South Pole is the other point where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica. The Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the sun and once every 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds with respect to the stars (see below). Earth's rotation is slowing slightly with time; thus, a day was shorter in the past. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its stellar day by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is 86,164.098 903 691 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23 56 4.098 903 691, 0.997 269 663 237 16 mean solar days).", "The moment of inertia IC about an axis perpendicular to the movement of the rigid system and through the centre of mass is known as the polar moment of inertia. For a given amount of angular momentum, a decrease in the moment of inertia results in an increase in the angular velocity. When a body is rotating, or free to rotate, around an axis, a torque must be applied to change its angular momentum. The amount of torque needed for any given rate of change in angular momentum is proportional to the moment of inertia of the body.", "For a point-like mass, the moment of inertia about some axis is given by d 2 m, where d is the distance to the axis, and m is the mass. For an extended body, the moment of inertia is just the sum of all the small pieces of mass multiplied by the square of their distances from the axis in question. When a body is rotating, or free to rotate, around an axis, a torque must be applied to change its angular momentum. The amount of torque needed for any given rate of change in angular momentum is proportional to the moment of inertia of the body.", "EARTH'S MASS, DENSITY, AND MOMENT OF INERTIA. To learn what the earth is made of, our first constraint is its density (mass / volume). We find its mass from the acceleration of gravity g. The universal law of gravity says that the force F betwen objects M and m. L =. Just as the linear velocity gives the change in position per unit time, the angular velocity or rotation rate is the change in angle per unit time. w. Similarly, just as mass measures an object's resistance to acceleration, its moment of inertia I shows how hard it is to get it rotating.", "Moment of inertia can be measured using a simple pendulum, because it is the resistance to the rotation caused by gravity. Mathematically, the moment of inertia of the pendulum is the ratio of the torque due to gravity about the pivot of a pendulum to its angular acceleration about that pivot point. When a body is rotating, or free to rotate, around an axis, a torque must be applied to change its angular momentum. The amount of torque needed for any given rate of change in angular momentum is proportional to the moment of inertia of the body.", "The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis. When a body is rotating, or free to rotate, around an axis, a torque must be applied to change its angular momentum. The amount of torque needed for any given rate of change in angular momentum is proportional to the moment of inertia of the body.", "Earth's rotation is the rotation of the planet Earth around its own axis. The Earth rotates from the west towards east. As viewed from North Star or polestar Polaris, the Earth turns counter-clockwise. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its stellar day by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is 86,164.098 903 691 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23 56 4.098 903 691, 0.997 269 663 237 16 mean solar days)." ], "url": [ "http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-earth/earth-rotation.html", "http://mpe.dimacs.rutgers.edu/2013/05/04/why-do-earthquakes-change-the-speed-of-rotation-of-the-earth/", "http://www.polaris.iastate.edu/NorthStar/Unit3/unit3_sub1.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia", "http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/202/lectures/intro/mass.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" ] }

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[ "19 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What is the average life of a Volvo Penta Diesel engine? We have about 4,000 hours on this set of DP6's (310 hp). They are on a 24,000 lb catamaran. We cruise at about 400 rpm less than the max, at 22 knots.", "The average Volvo vehicle has a lifespan of 19 years, and LCA means paying attention to environmentally safe recycling and disposal techniques 20 years into the future. Volvo cars were among the first in the world to be supplied with an 'environmental product declaration' (EPD), certified by a third party.", "In 1987, the average life of a Volvo was calculated to be 20.7 years. I have experience with Volvo models that have been run up to 350,000 miles on the original engine and eve … n the original automatic gearbox.", "U.S. cars from the 1950s to 1970s had an average life span of 100,000 miles, or eight years. Today, the median life expectancy of an American-made automobile is 12 years, or about 128,500 miles. While figures vary, the average life span of a Volvo is second only to a Mercedes. At 19.7 years, the brick, as a Volvo is sometimes referred to, is renowned for its safety and reliability.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. In 1987, the average life of a Volvo was calculated to be 20.7 years. I have experience with Volvo models that have been run up to 350,000 miles on the original engine and even the original automatic gearbox.", "Comparison. While figures vary, the average life span of a Volvo is second only to a Mercedes. At 19.7 years, the brick, as a Volvo is sometimes referred to, is renowned for its safety and reliability." ], "url": [ "http://www.justanswer.com/boat/6h08l-average-life-volvo-penta-diesel-engine.html", "http://www.iisd.org/business/viewcasestudy.aspx?id=97", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_mileage_for_a_Volvo_tractor_trailer_truck", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5315957_long-do-volvos-last.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_lifetime_mileage_for_a_volvo", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5315957_long-do-volvos-last.html" ] }

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[ "It is the energy newly derived from electric potential energy." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A battery transfers stored chemical energy as charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire. For example, electrical energy is transferred to the surroundings by the lamp as light energy and thermal (heat) energy. Lightning is one good example of electrical energy in nature, so powerful that it is not confined to a wire. Thunderclouds build up large amounts of electrical energy. This is called static electricity. They are released during lightning when the clouds strike against each other. ", "noun. Electrical energy is defined as an electric charge that lets work be accomplished. An example of electrical energy is power from a plug outlet. Noun. (uncountable)", "Electric potential energy, or electrostatic potential energy, is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system. The term electric potential energy is used to describe the potential energy in systems with time-variant electric fields, while the term electrostatic potential energy is used to describe the potential energy in systems with time-invariant electric fields.", "Electrical energy is a type of potential energy, or energy stored in an object due to the position of the object. In the case of electrical energy, the object is the charged particle, and the position is within the electric field. Energy is the ability to do work, where work is done when a force moves an object. We need and we use energy every day, and energy is available in all different forms. Electrical energy is energy that's stored in charged particles within an electric field. Electric fields are simply areas surrounding a charged particle. In other words, charged particles create electric fields that exert force on other charged particles within the", "Electrical Energy. Electrical energy is energy that is caused by moving electric charges. Since the electric charges are moving, this is a form of kinetic energy. The faster the electric charges are moving the more electrical energy they carry. We can use the analogy of a ball being thrown at a window. Examples of Electrical Energy: 1. In a car battery, the chemical reaction creates an electron which has the energy to move in an electric current. These moving charges provide electrical energy to the circuits in the car. 2. A lamp is plugged into a wall outlet.", "By definition, the electrostatic potential energy, UE, of one point charge q at position r in the presence of an electric field E is the negative of the work done by the electrostatic force to bring it from the reference position r ref to that position r. The term electric potential energy is used to describe the potential energy in systems with time-variant electric fields, while the term electrostatic potential energy is used to describe the potential energy in systems with time-invariant electric fields.", "1 Electrical Energy is when electricity creates motion, light or heat. 2 An example of electrical energy is the electric coils on your stove. 3 Gravitational Energy is motion that is caused by gravity. 4 An example of gravitational energy is water flowing down a waterfall. ", "In review, energy is the ability to do work. Electrical energy is energy stored in a charged particle within an electric field. Electric fields are areas surrounding a charged particle that exert a force on another charged particle within the field. Energy is the ability to do work, where work is done when a force moves an object. We need and we use energy every day, and energy is available in all different forms. Electrical energy is energy that's stored in charged particles within an electric field. Electric fields are simply areas surrounding a charged particle. In other words, charged particles create electric fields that exert force on other charged particles", "Electrical energy is the energy newly derived from electric potential energy. When loosely used to describe energy absorbed or delivered by an electrical circuit (for example, one provided by an electric power utility) electrical energy talks about energy which has been converted from electrical potential energy. This energy is supplied by the combination of electric current and electrical potential that is delivered by the circuit. At the point that this electrical potential energy has been converted to another type of energy, it ceases to be" ], "url": [ "http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/what-is-electrical-energy.html", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/electrical-energy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential_energy", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-electric-energy-definition-examples.html", "http://www.softschools.com/examples/science/electrical_energy_examples/20/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential_energy", "http://www.enwin.com/kids/electricity/types_of_energy.cfm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-electric-energy-definition-examples.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_energy" ] }

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[ "It checks for calcium buildup in the coronary arteries." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Doctors are already pretty good at predicting heart disease risk among healthy people, but a new study shows they could more accurately identify those at highest risk by adding a coronary artery calcium scan. The test, done using a CT scan, assesses the amount of calcium people have in their blood vessels. A lot is just common sense. Be sure to consult good doctor heart attacks do cause lot of people to die too. soon. I believe calcium test could really help. Also you have cheaper test available. More info about coronary diseases on http://coronary-disease.com. A full CAT scan is equivalent to about 600 chest Xray", "A coronary calcium scan is a test that looks for specks of calcium in the walls of the coronary (heart) arteries. These specks of calcium are called calcifications (KAL-sih-fih-KA-shuns). Calcifications in the coronary arteries are an early sign of coronary heart disease (CHD). Figure A shows the position of the heart in the body and the location and angle of the coronary calcium scan image. Figure B is a coronary calcium scan image showing calcifications in a coronary artery.", "1. The Coronary Artery Calcium Score is a measurement of the amount of calcium in the walls of the arteries that supply your heart muscle, using a special computed tomography (CT) scan of your heart. It shows the amount of hardening of the artery wall (a disease called atherosclerosis) that you have. ", "Coronary Calcium Scan. Guide. Coronary calcium scans use a special X-ray test called computed tomography (CT) to check for the buildup of calcium in plaque on the walls of the arteries of the heart (coronary arteries). This test is used to check for heart disease in an early stage and to determine how severe it is. Coronary calcium scans are also called cardiac calcium scoring. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart. Normally, the coronary arteries do not contain calcium. Calcium in the coronary arteries may be a sign of coronary artery disease (CAD) . A CT scan takes pictures of the heart in thin sections", "You don't need to take any special steps before having a coronary calcium scan. However, your doctor may ask you to avoid caffeine and smoking for 4 hours before the test. For the scan, you'll remove your clothes above the waist and wear a hospital gown. You also will remove any jewelry from around your neck or chest. ", "Outlook. A coronary calcium scan is most useful for people who are at moderate risk for heart attacks. You or your doctor can calculate your 10-year risk using the Risk Assessment Tool from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Figure A shows the position of the heart in the body and the location and angle of the coronary calcium scan image. Figure B is a coronary calcium scan image showing calcifications in a coronary artery.", "The calcium-score screening heart scan takes only a few minutes. 1 You may continue all normal activities and eat as usual after the test. 2 Interpretation of results: 3 The CT scan and its computer program will determine the number and density of calcified coronary plaques in the coronary arteries. ", "Key points to remember. 1 A coronary calcium scan checks for calcium buildup in the coronary arteries. 2 Calcium in these arteries is a sign of heart disease. 3 A high score on a calcium scan can mean that you have a higher chance of having a heart attack than someone with a low score. ", "Cardiac Calcium Scoring. The coronary arteries are the vessels that supply oxygen containing blood to the heart. The plaque that may be found in these arteries is a build-up of fat, calcium and other substances that can either narrow or close the arteries. " ], "url": [ "http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/22/predicting-heart-attack-risk-a-calcium-test-may-help/", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/", "http://www.insideradiology.com.au/pages/view.php?T_id=37", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiac-calcium-scoring", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/before", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/diagnostics-testing/radiographic-tests/calcium-score-screening-heart-scan", "https://www.cardiosmart.org/healthwise/av20/72/av2072", "http://umm.edu/programs/diagnosticrad/services/technology/ct/cardiac-calcium-scoring" ] }

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[ "A common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis, or inflammation of the nerves emanating from the spinal cord." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Neurogenic Claudication. Neurogenic claudication is the medical term used to describe the symptom of pain induced by walking, as claudication comes from the Latin “claudico,” or to limp. With neurogenic claudication, relieving the pain can be slow and variable and further helped by sitting or stooping. Achieving relief by simply standing is rarely achieved and can even aggravate the pain. On the other hand, vascular claudication can often be relieved by simply standing in place, often very quickly.", "Sections. Neurogenic claudication is discomfort in the lower back or legs caused by nerve compression in the lumbosacral region of the spine. This is distinct from vascular claudication, which is caused by a circulatory problem within the lower back, buttocks or legs. Neurogenic means that the symptoms are related to a nerve, and claudication – which is Latin for “limp” – refers to cramping or weakness in the legs.", "neurogenic claudication, claudication accompanied by pain and paresthesias in the back, buttocks, and lower limbs that is relieved by stooping, caused by mechanical disturbances resulting from posture or by ischemia of the cauda equina. neurogenic claudication. Leg pain or numbness that occurs with standing or walking and is relieved by sitting or resting with the spine flexed. It is typically caused by lumbar disk disease.", "Patients with neurogenic claudication suffer symptoms such as buttock and leg cramps, pain, fatigue, and an exacerbation of symptoms when standing upright. Such symptoms often lead to patients developing a hunched posture to reduce the stenosis and this postural abnormality can cause further problems in the spine. ", "Neurogenic Claudication – Definition and Treatments. Sections. Neurogenic claudication is a group of symptoms that is commonly associated with spinal stenosis (narrowing of nerve passageways) in the lumbar (lower) region of the spine. Numbness, tingling and muscle weakness are other symptoms of spinal stenosis and often accompany neurogenic claudication. Neurogenic conditions originate in the nervous system, while the Latin word “claudication” literally means “limping.” Neurogenic claudication, therefore, is defined as limping that is accompanied by pain and cramping in the lower back, buttocks, hips and legs.", "Neurogenic claudication is a hallmark symptom of lumbar stenosis, a condition in which the column of the spinal cord or the canals that protect the nerve roots narrows at the lower back. With neurogenic claudication, relieving the pain can be slow and variable and further helped by sitting or stooping. Achieving relief by simply standing is rarely achieved and can even aggravate the pain. On the other hand, vascular claudication can often be relieved by simply standing in place, often very quickly.", "Neurogenic means that the problem originates with a problem at a nerve, and claudication, from the Latin for limp, because the patient feels a painful cramping or weakness in the legs. Neurogenic claudication can be bilateral or unilateral calf, buttock, or thigh discomfort, pain or weakness. In some patients, it is precipitated by walking and prolonged standing", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Neurogenic claudication (NC), also known as pseudoclaudication, is a common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis, or inflammation of the nerves emanating from the spinal cord. Neurogenic claudication can be bilateral or unilateral calf, buttock, or thigh discomfort, pain or weakness. In some patients, it is precipitated by walking and prolonged standing", "Claudication, literally ' limping ' (Latin), is a medical term usually referring to impairment in walking, or pain, discomfort or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking and is relieved by rest. The perceived level of pain from claudication can be mild to extremely severe. Main article: Neurogenic claudication. Spinal or neurogenic claudication is not due to lack of blood supply, but rather it is caused by nerve root compression or stenosis of the spinal canal, usually from a degenerative spine, most often at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level." ], "url": [ "http://www.spinal-healthcare.com/condition.php?condition_id=11", "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/neurogenic/what_is/", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurogenic+claudication", "http://spinalstenosis.org/blog/spinal-stenosis-neurogenic-claudication/", "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/neurogenic/def/", "http://www.spinal-healthcare.com/condition.php?condition_id=11", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_claudication", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_claudication", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudication" ] }

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[ "Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) native to tropical and sub-tropical South America." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Water hyacinth. Eichhornia crassipes. A jewel in the water garden but invasive in waterways, water hyacinth is a pond fish's best friend, providing shelter and feeding area. Rosettes of glossy green leaves float leisurely across a pond, gradually covering the surface and sending down thick roots that shelter fish", "Water hyacinth is a popular water garden plant because of the beauty of its large, purple to violet flowers and its interesting floating vegetation. Many plant nurseries and big box stores sell it in Washington as an ornamental pond plant each spring and summer. Growth Habit. Water hyacinth is a free-floating plant that gets its nutrients from the water from dangling roots. The plant reproduces by seeds and vegetatively through daughter plants that form on rhizomes and produce dense plant beds. In one study, two plants produced 1,200 daughter plants in four months.", "Size: 6 in. to 2 feet or more. Notes: Water hyacinths are one of the most common plants seen in water gardens. This floating plant is native to South America and very sensitive to cold weather. Water hyacinths have round, glossy green leaves held on upright, fleshy stalks. Short plants usually have a large ball at the base of each leaf. ", "Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, water hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The leaves are 10–20 cm across, and float above the water surface. Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as (common) water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often considered a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range.", "Water Hyacinth Identification. Water Hyacinth is a floating perennial plant that is native to the Amazon and has spread to much of the southern united states. It prefers warmer climates and has board, thick, and glossy leaves that are 10-20 cm across. The hanging roots of the plant feathery and purplish-black in color.", "Non-Native. Water hyacinth is native to South America but has naturalized much of the Southern U.S. Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial plant that can grow to a height of 3 feet. The dark green leave blades are circular to elliptical in shape attached to a spongy, inflated petiole. Underneath the water is a thick, heavily branched, dark fibrous root system" ], "url": [ "http://www.bhg.com/gardening/plant-dictionary/water/water-hyacinth/", "http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/weeds/hyacinth.html", "http://www.inthecountrygardenandgifts.com/articles/plants/pond_plant_water_hyacinth.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_hyacinth", "https://www.lakerestoration.com/t-water-hyacinth-control.aspx", "http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/alphabetical-index/water-hyacinth/" ] }

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[ "From living donors who are having bone removed during surgery or cadaveric donors." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Allograft bone is material that was taken from an organ donor and processed to ensure its safety and improve the handling characteristics. The advantages of allograft bone are that it is readily available and does not require a second surgical site. Bone grafting material comes from several sources. Autograft bone is material that is taken from another point in the patient's body and transplanted to the desired site. It is a good graft material since it contains the patient's own cells, and carries no risk of disease transmission.", "Bone or tissue transplanted from one part of a person's body to another part is called an autograft. Bone or tissue transplanted from the body of one person to another person is called an allograft. The term graft is commonly used to refer to either an allograft or an autograft. All these efforts represent the costs of providing the utmost safety in allograft tissue. These expenses are then passed on to the hospital, surgeon, or recipient. Costs are kept at a minimum, but must cover personnel and services in the areas of acquiring, processing, and storage of the", "Bone grafts may be autologous (bone harvested from the patient’s own body, often from the iliac crest), allograft (cadaveric bone usually obtained from a bone bank), or synthetic (often made of hydroxyapatite or other naturally occurring and biocompatible substances) with similar mechanical properties to bone. Osteogenesis only occurs with autograft tissue and allograft cellular bone matrices, such as Trinity ELITE (MTF/Orthofix), BIO4/Stryker) and Osteocel Plus (AlloSource/NuVasive).", "Article continues below. 1 Allograft as a supplement to the patient’s own bone. 2 Allograft chips may be used to augment the patient’s own bone in a posterolateral gutter fusion. 3 It also may be used if more bone graft is needed in more extensive fusion procedures, such as spinal fusion for adolescent scoliosis. However, there are two main drawbacks. 1 Lower chance of fusion. 2 Because allograft bone does not contain living bone cells, it is not as effective at stimulating fusion as the patient’s own bone. 3 See Failed Spinal Fusion Surgery. 4 Risk of disease transmission.", "Bone graft that comes from a donor is called allograft bone. Allograft bone usually comes from bone banks that harvest the bone from cadavers. The types of allograft bone used for spine surgery include fresh frozen and lyophilized (freeze dried). The bone is cleaned and disinfected to reduce the possibility of disease transmission from donor to recipient. Allograft, like autograft, provides a framework for the new bone to grow on and into. In most cases, these are the preferred bone grafts to use. The graft bone is harvested, or taken, from the bones of the hip, the ribs or the leg. Autograft bone is one of the safest to use due to the low risk of disease transmission.", "1 Allograft used on its own. 2 In the lumbar spine, allograft bone is restricted for use in ALIF or PLIF procedures in which bone graft is placed in compression between the vertebrae, as the compression fosters a better healing process for the bone. However, there are two main drawbacks. 1 Lower chance of fusion. 2 Because allograft bone does not contain living bone cells, it is not as effective at stimulating fusion as the patient’s own bone. 3 See Failed Spinal Fusion Surgery. 4 Risk of disease transmission.", "An allograft is a graft between genetically dissimilar members of the same species. An allograft may be obtained from living donors who are having bone removed during surgery or cadaveric donors. Allograft material has been used for more than 30 years in periodontal therapy. There are several types of allografts: ", "Allograft: The transplant of an organ or tissue from one individual to another of the same species with a different genotype. For example, a transplant from one person to another, but not an identical twin, is an allograft. ", "1 In the lumbar spine, allograft bone is restricted for use in ALIF or PLIF procedures in which bone graft is placed in compression between the vertebrae, as the compression fosters a better healing process for the bone. However, there are two main drawbacks. 1 Lower chance of fusion. 2 Because allograft bone does not contain living bone cells, it is not as effective at stimulating fusion as the patient’s own bone. 3 See Failed Spinal Fusion Surgery. 4 Risk of disease transmission.", "1 Allograft as a supplement to the patient’s own bone. 2 Allograft chips may be used to augment the patient’s own bone in a posterolateral gutter fusion. 3 It also may be used if more bone graft is needed in more extensive fusion procedures, such as spinal fusion for adolescent scoliosis. However, there are two main drawbacks. 1 Lower chance of fusion. 2 Because allograft bone does not contain living bone cells, it is not as effective at stimulating fusion as the patient’s own bone. 3 See Failed Spinal Fusion Surgery. 4 Risk of disease transmission." ], "url": [ "http://biohorizons.com/bonegrafting-about.aspx", "http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00115", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_grafting", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spinal-fusion/allograft-cadaver-bone-a-tissue-bank", "http://www.knowyourback.org/Pages/Treatments/SurgicalOptions/BoneGraftAlternatives.aspx", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spinal-fusion/allograft-cadaver-bone-a-tissue-bank", "http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/faq/allografts.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=30941", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spinal-fusion/allograft-cadaver-bone-a-tissue-bank", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spinal-fusion/allograft-cadaver-bone-a-tissue-bank" ] }

[]

[ "When the earth, sun and moon form a right angle." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The biggest tidal range is found in the Bay of Fundy, Canada where sea level rises and falls as much as 16 m (53 feet) in just over 6 hours. The smallest tidal ranges are less than 1 m (3 feet). The highest tides, called spring tides, are formed when the earth, sun and moon are lined up in a row. This happens every two weeks during a new moon or full moon. Smaller tides, called neap tides, are formed when the earth, sun and moon form a right angle. This causes the sun and moon to pull the water in two different directions. Neap tides happen during a quarter or three-quarter moon. The width of the shoreline strip that is affected by waves depends on the tidal range. ", "neap tide. Neap tides occur when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle and the gravitational pull of the sun counteracts the pull of the moon.", "neap tide. A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the least. Neap tides occur twice a month when the sun and moon are at right angles to the Earth. When this is the case, their total gravitational pull on the Earth's water is weakened because it comes from two different directions. Compare spring tide. Neap tides occur when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle and the gravitational pull of the sun counteracts the pull of the moon.", "When the Earth, moon, and sun are in line (sun–Earth–moon, or sun–moon–Earth) the two main influences combine to produce spring tides; when the two forces are opposing each other as when the angle moon–Earth–sun is close to ninety degrees, neap tides result. When the Moon is at first quarter or third quarter, the sun and Moon are separated by 90° when viewed from the Earth, and the solar tidal force partially cancels the Moon's. At these points in the lunar cycle, the tide's range is at its minimum; this is called the neap tide, or neaps.", "The difference is that the spring tides When the Sun, Earth & Moon are in alignment with one another spring tides occur. Spring tides are higher than average. When the Sun-Earth line is at right angles to the Earth-Moon line, we see neap tides, which are lower than average. A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the least. Neap tides occur twice a month when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to the Earth.", "These are times of high high tides and low low tides. A week later, during either of the two quarter Moon phases, when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other and their tidal influences partially cancel each other out, neap tides occur, and the tidal range is minimal. ", "Tides are cause by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. Spring tides are when the Moon and the Sun are perfectly aligned, in line, which gives a higher tide … . Neap tide is when the Sun and the Moon are as poorly aligned as possible, making a weaker tide. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon. Neap Tides During the moon's quarter phases the sun and moon work at right angles, causing the bulges to cancel each other. The result is a smaller difference between high and low tides and is known as a neap tide. Neap tides are especially weak tides", "This occurs about every 14 days, and is not called spring tide because of the season of spring; it is called spring tide because the tides spring up, so to speak. A neap tide, on the other hand, is when the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a 90 degree angle. In this condition, the gravity from the Sun and Moon partially cancel each other and you have a lower than normal tide. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon. Neap Tides During the moon's quarter phases the sun and moon work at right angles, causing the bulges to cancel each other. The result is a smaller difference between high and low tides and is known as a neap tide. Neap tides are especially weak tides", "This occurs about every 14 days, and is not called spring tide because of the season of spring; it is called spring tide because the tides spring up, so to speak. A neap tide, on the other hand, is when the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a 90 degree angle. When the Sun-Earth line is at right angles to the Earth-Moon line, we see neap tides, which are lower than average. A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the least. Neap tides occur twice a month when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to the Earth." ], "url": [ "http://www.onegeology.org/eXtra/kids/earthProcesses/tides.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neap+tide", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neap+tide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_spring_tides_and_neap_tides", "http://www.almanac.com/content/spring-tides-neap-tides", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_spring_tides_form", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_spring_tides_form", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_spring_tides_and_neap_tides" ] }

[]

[ "$40,000 and up.", "$16,000 to $20,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Beside the type of floor finishes you select, the floor area largely determines the cost of new flooring. An average 4-room HDB flat is of 90 sqm, or 969 sqft in area. Assuming an average per square foot price for laminate flooring (simulated wood flooring finish) to be at $4.00 psf. Taking 85% of the total floor area as living and bedrooms floor space, expect to pay at least about $3,300 for laminate flooring alone. If you engage a renovation contractor for the job, the renovation company would definitely include painting service as one of the items. Based on today’s HDB painting prices, painting contractors typically charge about $1,600 to paint up a whole 4-room HDB flat unit.", "Total: $22,600. Note: This is only a guideline for those who are looking to renovate their 4-room HDB flats. HDB renovation package prices can differ from case to case depending on the type of finishes and materials selected, quality of workmanship, floor area, flat sizes, etc. An average 4-room HDB flat is of 90 sqm, or 969 sqft in area. Assuming an average per square foot price for laminate flooring (simulated wood flooring finish) to be at $4.00 psf.", "Flooring. Beside the type of floor finishes you select, the floor area largely determines the cost of new flooring. An average 4-room HDB flat is of 90 sqm, or 969 sqft in area. Assuming an average per square foot price for laminate flooring (simulated wood flooring finish) to be at $4.00 psf. Taking 85% of the total floor area as living and bedrooms floor space, expect to pay at least about $3,300 for laminate flooring alone", "About 50% to 60% of the homeowners do spend about that amount with a 10% variation. In another words, if you wanted a full renovation for a 4 room resale HDB flat, you can expect yourself to spend at least $40,000 just on ID without accessories. Of course if you cut a lot of carpentry works or choose to reuse the flooring or windows, you need not spend that amount (which we deem as partial renovation). 1 Giving the IDs something to work with: for example you gave your ID a budget of $15,000 and expect him to do a “miracle” full renovation for your 4 room resale HDB flat. 2 He will most likely reject your project without even trying because he know its totally impossible.", "The average HDB renovation cost in Singapore is estimated to be between $14000 and $16,000. This is in fact just for a 3 bedroom house. On the other hand, the full HDB renovation cost for a 4-bedroom house is in the range of $16,000 to $20,000. 1). Size. As you can see from above, the size of the house is the first thing that affects the HDB renovation cost. For a 4-bedroom flat, the cost of renovation can be in the region of $11,000 t0 $15,000. This is noticeably cheaper if you have to compare it against the price of renovating an old house. Therefore, if you live in an older house, know that it will require more materials and more labor, hence it will cost more. 3)", "Looking for HDB renovation package for new or resale HDB (2/3/4/5-Room, 3Gen/Executive Flat, Condo, BTO/DBSS) in Singapore? ", "Suggested budget (to the IDs only excluding accessories) for resale HDB with full renovation (hacking, flooring, false ceiling, carpentry, doors, windows and grilles). 3 room HDB: $30,000 and up. 4 room HDB: $40,000 and up. 1 Giving the IDs something to work with: for example you gave your ID a budget of $15,000 and expect him to do a “miracle” full renovation for your 4 room resale HDB flat. 2 He will most likely reject your project without even trying because he know its totally impossible.", "These are some of our bestselling packages for HDB, Condo and landed house renovation. We hope you can find one that suits your needs. Read More. Our house renovation packages includes the most basic package for new 3, 4 and 5 room flat, 3/4/5 room BTO renovation to full design packages for HDB resale flats. And if you're only looking for kitchen and toilet renovation, do check out our most popular kitchen and toilet renovation package. So if you are in search for HDB new or resale flat renovation, we've got you covered from basic interior design to premium HDB packages. If it's condo or landed house, we've also got our standard package for condo or landed houses under 3000 sqft. For larger unit, do send us your details for a no obligation quote.", "Unless you plan to do only partial renovation, for example, only to the kitchen and up to two bathrooms, expect to pay about $14,000 to $16,000 for a 3 room HDB flat, $16,000 to $20,000 for a 4 room HDB flat, and $18,000 to $24,000 for a 5 room HDB flat for resale flats to HDB renovation contractors. For new flats, the renovation cost is lower as there is minimal need for hacking and removal works. You may expect around $11,000 to $15,000 for standard HDB packages. Some of you may want to take things slow and start off with painting your home first." ], "url": [ "http://singaporedesignrenovation.com/tag/hdb-4-room-renovation/", "http://singaporedesignrenovation.com/hdb-renovation-singapore/hdb-4-room-renovation-singapore/", "http://singaporedesignrenovation.com/hdb-renovation-singapore/hdb-4-room-renovation-singapore/", "http://www.vincentinteriorblog.com/renovation-cost-budget-setting-for-hdb-flats/", "http://www.singaporerenovations.com/news/how-much-does-it-costs-to-renovate-my-4-room-hdb.html", "http://www.iddepot.com.sg/hdb-renovation-packages-resale-new-hdb-singapore/", "http://www.vincentinteriorblog.com/renovation-cost-budget-setting-for-hdb-flats/", "http://homerenovation.com.sg/renovation-packages/", "http://the-singapore-guide.com/hdb-renovation-package-renovation-cost-singapore/" ] }

[]

[ "Mitochondria" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nucleus: They are the membrane bound organelles, which are found in all eukaryotic cells. It is the very important organelle of a cell as it controls the complete activity of a cell and also plays a vital role in reproduction. It forms a connection between nuclear envelope and the cell membrane of a cell. Mitochondria: They are rod shaped organelles, plays an important role in releasing energy and they are the powerhouse of a cell. In plant cell, they are the sites of cellular respiration.", "Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they contain enzymes that are needed for stepwise oxidation of food stuffs (carbohydrate, fats and lipids) present … in the cells to CO2 and water. Oxidation of food releases energy which is used to form high energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules. The organelle that serves as the powerhouse of the cell is the Mitochondria.", "The mitochondrion is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organalle that converts oxygen and nutrients into Adenosine triphosphat … e (ATP). The mitochondrian generates most of the cell's supply of ATP. ATP is the primary source of energy for the cell. The organelle that serves as the powerhouse of the cell is the Mitochondria.", "The mitochondrion is the organelle that is the powerhouse of heterotrophic eukaryotic cells. Edit. Share to: 1 The Five Major Parts of the Brain At its most basic, the brain controls the body. 2 Electrical impulses are sent along the nervous system to and from the brain that regulate all movement. 3 The brain and the nerv…. The organelle that serves as the powerhouse of the cell is the Mitochondria. Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food, … also known as cellular respiration. Valentin Popov.", "Plant Cell Structure. A plant cells are eukaryotic cells, with the presence of true nucleus, multicellular large and advanced membrane bound organelles. These plant cells are quite different from animal cells like in shape and other few organelles which are only found in animal cells but are absent in plant cells. It forms a connection between nuclear envelope and the cell membrane of a cell. Mitochondria: They are rod shaped organelles, plays an important role in releasing energy and they are the powerhouse of a cell. In plant cell, they are the sites of cellular respiration.", "Organelles are specialized membrane-enclosed structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The nucleus, which contains DNA in the form of chromosomes, is the most characteristic eukaryotic organelle. The nuclear envelope is connected to a system of membranes in the; cytoplasm called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).", "The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name, which comes from the Greek ευ (eu, well) and κάρυον (karyon, nut or kernel). Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Eukaryotic organisms may be unicellular, or multicellular. Only eukaryotes have many kinds of tissue made up of different cell types. A eukaryote (/juːˈkaeri.juːˈkæri/ oʊt /or/ juːˈkaeriət-JUːˈKæRIəT-yoo-karr ee oht-OR-yoo-karr) ee ət is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed. Within membranes eukaryotes belong to The taxon Eukarya. or eukaryota", "Cell walls are present in plant cells and are absent in animal cells. Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is present in animal cells, plant cells and even in eukaryotic cells. It is a double layered, thin barrier, surrounding the cell that controls the entry and exit of certain substances. It also refers to a thin, fluid entity that manages to be very flexible and it is stable. Plasma membrane: It is also known as a cell membrane.It is mainly composed of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates, which forms into a fluid-mosaic. Plasma membrane surrounds the bacteria and it is a most important organelle and plays a vital role in controlling the movement of substances in the cell.", "The mitochondrion is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organalle that converts oxygen and nutrients into Adenosine triphosphat … e (ATP). The mitochondrian generates most of the cell's supply of ATP. ATP is the primary source of energy for the cell. The organelle that serves as the powerhouse of the cell is the Mitochondria. Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food, … also known as cellular respiration. Valentin Popov." ], "url": [ "http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell/cell-structure.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_organelle_is_the_powerhouse_of_heterotrophic_eukaryotic_cells", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_organelle_is_the_powerhouse_of_heterotrophic_eukaryotic_cells", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_organelle_is_the_powerhouse_of_heterotrophic_eukaryotic_cells", "http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell/cell-structure.html", "http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap04/lecture6.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote", "http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_organelle_is_the_powerhouse_of_heterotrophic_eukaryotic_cells" ] }

[]

[ "Skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The brachial plexus is a network of nerves, running from the spine, formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5 – C8, T1). ", "The anterior and middle divisions of the Deltoid muscles (in conjunction with other muscle groups) are predominantly responsible for pressing movements and exercises to the front of the body as well as over the head, such as push ups, bench press or shoulder presses. 2. The middle division, also known as the medial deltoid, is located on the outside aspect of your shoulder. 3.The posterior division, also known as the posterior deltoid, is located on the backside of the shoulder joint. The Deltoid Muscles consist of three divisions highlighted in this picture.", "The posterior division of the Deltoid muscles (in conjunction with other muscle groups) are responsible for the pulling movements and exercises such as bent-over rows, pull-ups, pull-downs, and movements such as moving the arms from center away from the body. A fine example of the deltoid muscles. 2. The middle division, also known as the medial deltoid, is located on the outside aspect of your shoulder. 3.The posterior division, also known as the posterior deltoid, is located on the backside of the shoulder joint. The Deltoid Muscles consist of three divisions highlighted in this picture.", "The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the anterior divisions of the lower four cervical nerves and the greater part of the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve; the fourth cervical usually gives a branch to the fifth cervical, and the first thoracic frequently receives one from the second thoracic. (* 133 The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form a cord, which is situated on the lateral side of the second part of the axillary artery, and is called the lateral cord or fasciculus of the plexus.", "Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth. Muscle action can be classified as being either voluntary or involuntary", "The roots of the brachial plexus are formed by the anterior divisions of spinal nerves C5-T1 (the posterior divisions go on to innervate the skin and musculature of the trunk). After their formation, these nerves pass between the anterior and medial scalene muscles to enter the base of the neck. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla, and enters the upper arm. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of the cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, C7 and C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the brachial plexus – its formation and anatomical course through the body", "The three purposes of cell division are repair, reproduction, and growth. In multicellular organisms, cell division is essential for three major functions: growth that … make up the lining of your throat have a short life span. There are other uncommon branches of Science, but they all fall under these three categories. The actual answer is that the three main divisions of science are Physical Science's, Biological or Life Science's and Social Science's.", "The main functions of mitosis are growth and repair. Some cells once fully formed do not undergo cell division, such as nerve cells and muscle cells. Since you can never re-grow or repair these types of cells once they are mature, you must take care of the ones you have. However, to grow in size from a baby to teen-ager, all of the cells must undergo cell division." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus", "http://www.musclesused.com/deltoid-muscles/", "http://www.musclesused.com/deltoid-muscles/", "http://www.theodora.com/anatomy/the_anterior_divisions.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_tissue", "http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/brachial-plexus/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_muscle_is_formed_from_three_divisions", "http://plaza.ufl.edu/alallen/pgl/modules/rio/stingarees/module/what.html" ] }

[]

[ "£727 - £1,727" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average Labour Cost/Price to Tile a Floor. To clarify the following prices it is recommended that you read the article in the INFORMATION box below the PRICES…. (These prices are based on a tradesman’s rate of £150.00 per day and a labourer if required at £100.00 per day. This includes the cost of buying and collecting any materials, dumping any waste if necessary and any incidental materials they will need. The minimum price will usually be for a half day). Laying 8”x 8” (200 x 200mm) ceramic glazed floor tiles in your 10’ (3 metre) square kitchen.", "The average size of a UK kitchen has also grown dramatically from 6 square metres a century ago to over 11 square metres currently. This means that on average, fitting a new kitchen will cost between £727 - £1,727 per square metre depending on the quality of units and appliances chosen. The average cost of a new fitted kitchen in the UK is now £8,000 while a top of the range kitchen can cost around £19,000 depending on the quality and design of the cupboards, worktops and other installations.", "1 For example, the kitchen is going to require plumbing of some appliances as well as assembly of faucet and under-sink plumbing, at an average cost of $45 to $65 per hour, plus materials. 1 Provide plumbing to code-The average plumber is going to base their pricing on each individual element of the project. 2 ", "Most people ask us how we keep our Quantum Quartz prices so low. The fact is we do it in volume and keep our overheads low with our online service. Our Quantum Quartz prices are some of the lowest in the market. Our Quantum Quartz price is around $222 per square meter for the standard colours in 20mm. Most of our competitors will be $400 upwards. We can customize any Caesarstone kitchen benchtops to your needs. The Caesarstone edge profiles can be made in 20mm, 30mm (for selected colours), 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 80mm and 100mm. We also do any of the stove, drop-in sinks and under-mount sink cut outs.", "Job 5. Same area of kitchen but with 1’ (25mm) mosaic tiles that come on a 12” (300mm) backing mesh which are a nightmare to put on. This is fiddly work, he will charge you for 1.5 days plus his materials……£275.00. The previous jobs were quite small and reasonably fiddly. ", "Most places will charge you from $450 per square meter for your Caesarstone benchtops. The standard Caesarstone slab sizes are 3000mm x 1400mm x 20mm. You can select how the Caesarstone benchtop slab is cut or we can do the layout for you. We can customize any Caesarstone kitchen benchtops to your needs. The Caesarstone edge profiles can be made in 20mm, 30mm (for selected colours), 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 80mm and 100mm. We also do any of the stove, drop-in sinks and under-mount sink cut outs.", "The cost of renting a commercial kitchen usually runs $10 to $25 per hour as of 2013, although some commercial kitchens offer unlimited access packages for $600 to $800 per month. Although renting a commercial kitchen saves money, it does usually limit the space and time you have available for kitchen production. ", "The cost of tiling varies depending on a number of factors. However, the average cost of tiling per square metre is $40. This is just an average figure that may vary depending on other factors. While this remains to be the average figure, there are people paying $100+ per square metre. Home » Uncategorized » How much does Tiling cost per Square Metre. Tiling is just part of building, just like in any other renovation job. There is the element of professionalism whenever a tiling company comes to do the work for you.", "Granite Countertop Prices. The price of granite rivals marble and so does its natural splendor. This is a high-end countertop that can take a kitchen from good to great. Granite countertops: $30 to $155 per square foot." ], "url": [ "http://www.buildingsheriff.com/tiling-floor-cost.html", "http://www.getproquotes.co.uk/prices-and-costs/kitchen-prices.php", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/kitchen-remodeling", "http://www.diyaustralia.com/Benchtop_Prices.html", "http://www.buildingsheriff.com/tiling-wall-cost.html", "http://www.diyaustralia.com/Benchtop_Prices.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/estimated-cost-commercial-kitchen-small-business-74630.html", "http://flawlesstilersmelbourne.com.au/tiling-cost-per-square-metre/", "http://www.countertopguides.com/guides/how-much-do-different-countertops-cost.html" ] }

[]

[ "Five" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Earn enough points and you’ll end up losing (your licence) rather than winning. Learner and P1 drivers can kiss their licence goodbye for at least three months if they get four or more demerit points over three years. P2 drivers face losing their right to drive if they get seven or more points. ", "Over 45kmh: six month suspension, six demerit points and a $1,744 fine. Mr Daley said that while the new system is fairer on drivers, penalties for P2 drivers will be increased, with any P2 driver speeding over the limit from 1km/h to 30km/h to lose an additional point under the new rules. 1 1 to 10kmh over the speed limit: one demerit point and an $84 fine; 2 11 to 20kmh over the speed limit: three demerit points and a $197 fine; 3 21 to 30kmh over the speed limit: four demerit points and a $338 fine; 4 31 to 45kmh: three month suspension, five demerit points and a $647 fine;", "16 points and 6 months suspension. $1099. For example, if you commit a speeding offence of 25km/h over the speed limit, you will be allocated 4 demerit points for that offence. If you commit a second speeding offence of 32km/h over the speed limit within 1 year, you will be allocated 6 demerit points for the second offence, plus an additional 6 demerit points for it being within 1 year of the first offence.", "Every driver in NSW starts with a clean slate. That is, drivers begin with zero points. You will only have points assessed against your driving record if you are convicted of a traffic offence. If you accumulate too many demerit points within any three year period, you face a suspension of your driving privileges.", "Any speeding violation will therefore result in a demerit point suspension. If you have a P2 licence, you will face a suspension when you accumulate 7 points. All suspensions of provisional and learner licences are for 3 months. That is, drivers begin with zero points. You will only have points assessed against your driving record if you are convicted of a traffic offence. If you accumulate too many demerit points within any three year period, you face a suspension of your driving privileges.", "If you have been caught speeding, you will lose demerit points off your licence. The number o f demerit points you have depends on the licence that you hold. 1 Red P Plate drivers have a maximum of 4 demerit points. 2 Green P Plate drivers have a maximum of 7 demerit points. Exceed Speed Limit by 21-30km per hour. 1 If you are on your red or green p plates and exceed the speed limit by 21-30 km p/hr you will be fined $799 and lose 5 demerit points. 2 If you are a full licenced driver and exceed the speed limit by 21-30 km p/hr you will be fined $521", "New South Wales. 2015 Penalties for speeding in New South Wales. 1 Less than 10 km/h over the limit: $109 + one point. 2 11 to 20 km/h over the limit: $254 + three points. 3 21 to 30 km/h over the limit: $436 + four points. 4 31 to 45 km/h over the limit: $835 + five points and three months suspension. ", "Exceed Speed limit by 0-10km per hour. 1 If you are on your red or green p plates and you exceed the speed limit by 0-10 km p/hr you will be fined $243 and lose 4 demerit points. 2 If you are a full licenced driver and exceed the speed limit by 0-10 km p/hr you will be fined $313 and lose 1 demerit point. Exceed Speed Limit by 21-30km per hour. 1 If you are on your red or green p plates and exceed the speed limit by 21-30 km p/hr you will be fined $799 and lose 5 demerit points. 2 If you are a full licenced driver and exceed the speed limit by 21-30 km p/hr you will be fined $521", "Provisional licence holders are issued with 4 demerit points. Committing a traffic offence will make you eligible for a fine and the loss of points. Penalties and Fines. Some of the offences you could be fined and lose points for are: 1 Failing to wear a seatbelt. 2 Speeding. 3 Using a mobile phone while driving. " ], "url": [ "http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/geared/your_licence/keeping_your_licence/demerit_points.html", "http://www.themotorreport.com.au/34205/new-demerit-points-scheme-for-nsw-goes-easy-on-drivers", "http://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Safety/Driver-guide/Speeding/Speeding-fines-and-demerit-points.aspx", "http://nsw.criminallegal.com.au/traffic-law/demerit-points/", "http://nsw.criminallegal.com.au/traffic-law/demerit-points/", "http://www.andersonboemi.com.au/traffic-law/speeding-the-facts/", "http://www.abcdiamond.com/australia/speeding-penalties-in-australia/", "http://www.andersonboemi.com.au/traffic-law/speeding-the-facts/", "http://www.nrmasaferdriving.com.au/licence-penalties-fines.htm" ] }

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[ "Plantar fasciitis" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If your pain is in your heel, you may have plantar fasciitis. That’s an irritation or inflammation of the band of tough tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. Usually, it hurts the worst in the morning when you’re getting out of bed. You can feel it in your heel or in your arch. To treat it: 1 Rest your foot. ", "Plantar fasciitis causes pain in the bottom of the heel. The plantar fascia is a thin ligament that connects your heel to the front of your foot. It supports the arch in your foot and is important in helping you walk. Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common orthopedic complaints. ", "Get help from a doctor now ›. Foot pain: The ball of the foot can hurt caused by increased pressure. This can cause a neuroma or metatarsal pain. Typically tightness of the achilles contributes to this pain. I recommend stretching the achilles and wearing proper fitting shoes to see if that helps. ", "Injury, overuse, or conditions causing inflammation involving any of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot can cause foot pain. Arthritis is a common cause of foot pain. Injury to the nerves of the feet may result in intense burning pain, numbness or tingling (peripheral neuropathy). Some common causes of foot pain include: 1 Achilles tendinitis. 2 Achilles tendon rupture.", "Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation at the point where the ligament inserts at the heel bone. The cause of the heel pain can be a combination of several factors: obesity, flat feet or high-arched feet, overuse, or a tendency to roll your feet inwards when you walk. Shoe disaster: No support, open back, worn-down heels.", "Feels like: A sharp pain in your heel (or heels) that’s at its worst when you get out of bed. What causes it: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of your foot from the heel to the toes. People with all arch types―high, medium, or low―can be prone to this type of irritation, says Carly Robbins, a podiatric surgeon in Columbus, Ohio. Treatment strategies. Feels like: A shooting pain in the ball of the foot. What causes it: Pressure on the nerve tissue in the underside of the foot, usually between two adjacent metatarsals. This pressure irritates the nerves, and the area swells. “Narrow, pointy shoes can put added pressure on an already irritated nerve,” says Robbins", "The pain may be sharpest when you first wake up and put pressure on the foot. Arthritis, excessive exercise, and poorly fitting shoes also can cause heel pain, as can tendonitis. Less common causes include a bone spur on the bottom of the heel, a bone infection, tumor, or fracture. Dragging Your Feet. Sometimes the first sign of a problem is a change in the way you walk -- a wider gait or slight foot dragging. The cause may be the slow loss of normal sensation in your feet, brought on by peripheral nerve damage. About 30% of these cases are linked to diabetes. Nerve damage also can be due to infection, vitamin deficiency, and alcoholism. In many cases, no one knows what caused the nerve damag", "This condition is called plantar fasciitis. Symptoms. 1 Mild pain on the bottom of the foot near the heel. 2 A sharp, shooting pain in the heel when you first step down on your foot in the morning, which subsides after a few minutes of walking. 3 Heel pain after, not during, exercise. 1" ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/foot-pain-causes-and-treatments", "http://www.healthline.com/health/plantar-fasciitis", "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/what-causes-the-bottom-of-your-feet-to-hurt", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/foot-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050792", "http://www.grandparents.com/health-and-wellbeing/health/why-do-my-feet-hurt", "http://www.realsimple.com/health/preventative-health/aches-pains/why-feet-hurt", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/ss/slideshow-what-your-feet-say", "http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-03-2013/feet-hurt-symptoms-causes-treatments.html" ] }

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[ "The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775, just a few months after the start of the American Revolutionary War. Boston was being besieged by thousands of American militia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview and Summary of the Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 at Charlestown, Massachusetts and was the first important battle of the American War of Independence. Although it was called the Battle of Bunker Hill, it took place mostly on Breed's Hill on the Charlestown hills.", "Introduction. On June 17, 1775, early in the Revolutionary War (1775-83), the British defeated the Americans at the Battle of Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. Despite their loss, the inexperienced colonial forces inflicted significant casualties against the enemy, and the battle provided them with an important confidence boost.", "Bunker Hill is the name of a battle fought near Boston, Massachusetts, on June 17th, 1775 between the Americans, led by Colonels Putnam and Prescott, and the British led by Generals Howe and Clinton. The Battle of Bunker Hill is misnamed. The battle actually took place on Breed's Hill, not Bunker Hill.", "The year and date that the Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775. The battlefield in which the British and American Forces fought during the Battle of Bunker Hill was located in Charlestown, Massachusetts.", "Facts about the Battle of Bunker Hill Facts about who fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill and who were the leaders of the conflict. Facts about where the Battle of Bunker Hill was fought, the location of the battlefield.", "The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775, just a few months after the start of the American Revolutionary War. Boston was being besieged by thousands of American militia. The British were trying to keep control of the city and control its valuable sea ports.", "The battle is named for Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle, and was the original objective of both the colonial and British troops, though the vast majority of combat took place on the adjacent Breed's Hill." ], "url": [ "http://www.landofthebrave.info/battle-of-bunker-hill.htm", "http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battle-of-bunker-hill", "http://www.libertyskids.com/arch_where_bunkerh.html", "http://www.landofthebrave.info/battle-of-bunker-hill.htm", "http://www.landofthebrave.info/battle-of-bunker-hill.htm", "http://www.ducksters.com/history/battle_of_bunker_hill.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" ] }

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[ "It produces large fruit bodies such as the mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, etc." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most aquatic Basidiomycota and forms that produce spores inside the fruiting body, such as puffballs, have lost ballistospory. Ballistospory is associated with the production of a liquid filled hilar droplet that forms at the base of the spore, just above its attachment to the sterigma (Fig. 2). Thus, the dominant phase of the life cycle in most Basidiomycota is a dikaryon, in which the two nuclei brought together in mating exist side-by-side in each cell (Fig. 3A). Sometimes a dikaryon can donate a nucleus to a uninucleate monokaryon, resulting in a di-mon mating.", "Mating in Basidiomycota involves fusion of haploid cells, but fusion of the nuclei is usually delayed until the basidia are formed. Thus, the dominant phase of the life cycle in most Basidiomycota is a dikaryon, in which the two nuclei brought together in mating exist side-by-side in each cell (Fig. 3A). Sometimes a dikaryon can donate a nucleus to a uninucleate monokaryon, resulting in a di-mon mating.", "Basidiomycota /bəˌsɪdi.ɵmaɪˈkoʊtə/ is one of two large phyla that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the higher fungi) within the kingdom Fungi. The most recent classification adopted by a coalition of 67 mycologists recognizes three subphyla (Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Agaricomycotina) and two other class level taxa (Wallemiomycetes, Entorrhizomycetes) outside of these, among the Basidiomycota.", "The Basidiomycota Division of the Fungi Kingdom contains mushrooms, jelly fungi, polypores, tooth fungi, crust fungi, chanterelles, coral fungi, and puffballs. Most of the fungi you would find in a yard, forest, or field is in the Basidiomycota Division. These fungi have fleshy bodies and many of them are edible. ", "More specifically the Basidiomycota include these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus. The most recent classification adopted by a coalition of 67 mycologists recognizes three subphyla (Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Agaricomycotina) and two other class level taxa (Wallemiomycetes, Entorrhizomycetes) outside of these, among the Basidiomycota.", "Go to Next Page. The class Basidiomycetes includes those members that produce their basidia and basidiospores on or in a basidiocarp. The morphology of the basidium is variable. Until recently the morphology of the basidium was believed to be a key to determining relationship in the Basidiomycota. This is the order of Basidiomycetes with which most of us are familiar. This is the order that is commonly referred to as mushrooms. Basidiocarps of this order typically are fleshy and have a stipe (=stalk), pileus (=cap), and lamellae (=gills) where the basidia and basidiospores are borne (Fig.", "Ascomycota is a division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. ", "Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can be recognized as members of this phylum by gross similarity to others, by the formation of a distinctive anatomical feature (the clamp connection-see below), cell wall components, and definitively by phylogenetic molecular analysis of DNA sequence data. The most recent classification adopted by a coalition of 67 mycologists recognizes three subphyla (Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Agaricomycotina) and two other class level taxa (Wallemiomycetes, Entorrhizomycetes) outside of these, among the Basidiomycota.", "The Microbial World: Basidiomycota: activities and lifestyleProduced by Jim Deacon Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh Introduction The fungal group basidiomycota is best known for the production of large fruitbodies such as the mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, etc. Puffballs (see below) are common examples of this-the basidiospores form a powdery mass inside the fruitbody. At maturity, the outer layer of the puffball becomes a papery structure with a hole at the top, and a puff of basidiospores is released when raindrops impact onto the fruibody.", "Like basidiomycota, most ascomycota sprout from spores into hapliod mycelia. These mycelia can produce two types of reproductive structures. First, they can produce conidiophores for asexual reproduction. Conidiaphores may simply branch off from the mycelia or they may be formed in fruiting bodies. " ], "url": [ "http://tolweb.org/Basidiomycota/20520", "http://tolweb.org/Basidiomycota/20520", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota", "http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/basidiomycota.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota", "http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Basidiomycota/Basidiomycetes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascomycota", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota", "http://archive.bio.ed.ac.uk/jdeacon/microbes/basidio.htm", "http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/fungi/section2.rhtml" ] }

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[ "The most commonly prescribed drug is levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine, also known as T4.It's usually taken orally, on a daily basis. Liothyronine is another medication for hypothyroidism." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of Hypothyroidism. Follow the links to read common uses, side effects, dosage details and read user reviews for the drugs listed below. Your search for Hypothyroidism returned the following treatments. ", "The commonly prescribed treatment, levothyroxine tablets, is a synthetic version of a hormone called thyroxine, or T4, produced by the thyroid gland. But some people have erratic thyroid laboratory results with this treatment or find it difficult to tolerate. ", "Thyroid hormone medicine is the only effective way to treat hypothyroidism. In most cases, thyroid hormone medicine: 1 Reduces or eliminates symptoms of hypothyroidism. 2 Symptoms usually improve within the first week after you begin therapy. 3 All symptoms usually disappear within a few months. In most cases, thyroid hormone medicine: 1 Reduces or eliminates symptoms of hypothyroidism. 2 May reduce the risk of slowed physical growth, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems in infants and children.", "USE. SYNTHROID ® (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) is a prescription, man-made thyroid hormone that is used to treat a condition called hypothyroidism, except in cases of temporary hypothyroidism, which is usually associated with an inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). ", "Synthroid is the most commonly-prescribed brand of T4 for hypothyroidism. It delivers a steady, prolonged dose of T4. There is also a generic form of T4 available, which is more cost-effective than brand-name medications. Synthetic forms of the thyroid hormone T4 are generally called levothyroxine, and they are considered the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Though they are man-made, synthetic T4 hormones are exactly the same as the T4 that is produced and released by the thyroid gland. Types of T4 Supplements.", "An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) is usually treated by taking daily hormone replacement tablets called levothyroxine. Levothyroxine replaces the thyroxine hormone, which your thyroid doesn't make enough of. You'll initially have regular blood tests until the correct dose of levothyroxine is reached. An underactive thyroid is a lifelong condition, so you'll usually need to take levothyroxine for the rest of your life. If you're prescribed levothyroxine because you have an underactive thyroid, you're entitled to a medical exemption certificate.", "USE. SYNTHROID ® (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) is a prescription, man-made thyroid hormone that is used to treat a condition called hypothyroidism, except in cases of temporary hypothyroidism, which is usually associated with an inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). Synthroid is a prescription medication that can help treat hypothyroidism. The active ingredient in Synthroid is called levothyroxine sodium. Synthroid can help restore thyroid hormone balance. It is a man-made thyroid hormone identical to thyroxine, the hormone that’s naturally made by the thyroid gland.", "Drugs For Treating Thyroid Conditions. Let's start with drugs commonly used to treat hypothyroidism. When your thyroid is not producing enough hormones, you can take thyroid hormone replacement medications. The most commonly prescribed drug is levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine, also known as T4. It's usually taken orally, on a daily basis. Liothyronine is another medication for hypothyroidism. It's available both in a manufactured form (Cytomel), and as generic liothyronine. " ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-584-Hypothyroidism.aspx?names-dropdown=", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/hypothyroidism/hypothyroidism-what-you-should-know-about-your-treatment", "http://www.webmd.com/women/tc/hypothyroidism-medications", "https://www.synthroid.com/", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/hypothyroidism/synthetic-t4-supplements-hypothyroidism", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Thyroid-under-active/Pages/Treatment.aspx", "https://www.synthroid.com/what-is-synthroid/definition", "http://thyroid.about.com/video/Drugs-Used-to-Treat-Thyroid-Conditions.htm" ] }

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[ "Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria normally live in the intestines of healthy people and animals. Most varieties of E. coli are harmless or cause relatively brief diarrhea. But a few particularly nasty strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, can cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting", "E. coli is a type of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of people and animals. However, some types of E. coli, particularly E. coli 0157:H7, can cause intestinal infection. Symptoms of intestinal infection include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. More severe cases can lead to bloody diarrhea, dehydration, or kidney failure. Causes of E. coli Infection. People and animals normally have some E. coli in their intestines, but some strains cause infection. The bacteria that cause infection can enter your body in a number of ways.", "Escherichia coli (/ˌɛʃɨˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ/ ; also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). ", "Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most E. coli are harmless and actually are an important part of a healthy human intestinal tract. However, some E. coli are pathogenic, meaning they can cause illness, either diarrhea or illness outside of the intestinal tract. Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick. Some kinds of E. coli can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses.", "There are many types of E. coli, and most of them are harmless. But some can cause bloody diarrhea. Some strains of E. coli bacteria (such as a strain called O157:H7) may also cause severe anemia or kidney failure, which can lead to death. Other strains of E. coli can cause urinary tract infections or other infections. You get an E. coli infection by coming into contact with the feces, or stool, of humans or animals", "Escherichia coli, usually called E. coli, refers to a large group of bacteria that is commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless; however, some strains, such as E. coli O157: H7, can make people sick, causing severe stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting. Serious complications of an E. coli O157:H7 infection can include kidney failure.", "email. Knowledge center. Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of endotherms (warm blooded organisms). Several types of E. coli exist as part of the normal flora of the human gut and have many beneficial functions, such as the production of vitamin K2. ", "Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick. " ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/basics/definition/CON-20032105", "http://www.healthline.com/health/e-coli-infection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli", "http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.html/", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/e-coli-infection-topic-overview", "http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fs-sa/fs-fi/ecoli-eng.php", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/68511.php", "http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/index.html" ] }

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[ "8 minutes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Directions. Preheat a grill to high heat. Place rib-eye steaks on a large platter and season with rub on all sides. Transfer seasoned steaks to the hot grill, and cook for 4 to 6 minutes on each side for medium-rare, longer if desired. Remove steaks and let rest for 5 to 10 minutes before serving. In a small bowl, combine all ingredients, to taste. Adjust the ratio of spices to your preference.", "1 Grill steaks on hot side of barbecue until grill marks form, about 3 minutes per side. 2 Transfer steaks to unlit side of grill, cover, and cook to desired doneness, about 8 minutes for medium-rare. 3 Transfer steaks to plates; let rest 10 to 15 minutes.", "Continue to grill with the lid open for about 4 - 6 minutes. Flip the steaks over onto the other side, still over the hottest part of the grill. Grill the rib eye steaks for an additional 4 - 6 minutes on the other side, lid open, for a medium-rare delicious steak.", "1 (This helps prevent the meat from sticking to the metal grill bars.). 2 Place ribeye steaks on freshly oiled grill. 3 Cooked uncovered for approximately 8 minutes. 4 Flip the steak when the first side is looking done (aprox 8 minutes) and cook for another five minutes or so.", "1 Once grill is preheated clean the grill with a grill brush to remove residue. 2 Add some oil to a paper towel and using tongs oil the hot grill by rubbing paper towel and oil across the bars of the grill. ( 3 This helps prevent the meat from sticking to the metal grill bars.). 4 Place ribeye steaks on freshly oiled grill.", "1 Place ribeye steaks on freshly oiled grill. 2 Cooked uncovered for approximately 8 minutes. 3 Flip the steak when the first side is looking done (aprox 8 minutes) and cook for another five minutes or so. 4 To test remove a steak from direct heat and insert a meat thermometer into the middle of the steak." ], "url": [ "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/rib-eye-steak-recipe.html", "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/grilled-bone-in-rib-eye-steaks-242706", "http://www.grillingcompanion.com/recipe/grilled_ribeye_steak/", "http://greatgrub.com/recipes/rib_eye_steak_on_a_gas_grill", "http://greatgrub.com/recipes/rib_eye_steak_on_a_gas_grill", "http://greatgrub.com/recipes/rib_eye_steak_on_a_gas_grill" ] }

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[ "Fair, Handsome in American, Harmony, Stone or Noble in Celtic, Awakening in Germain and Hawaiian." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Allen Name Meaning. English and Scottish: from a Celtic personal name of great antiquity and obscurity. In England the personal name is now usually spelled Alan, the surname Allen; in Scotland the surname is more often Allan. Various suggestions have been put forward regarding its origin; the most plausible is that it originally meant ‘little rock’. Compare Gaelic ailin, ailín diminutive of ‘ail’. rock", "Etymology and early history [edit]. Alan is a masculine given name in the English language. The name, or forms of the name, were brought to England by people from Brittany, in the 11th century; later the name spread north into Scotland and west into Ireland. Today there are numerous variations of Alan, a short form, and there are also numerous feminine forms of the name as well. Alan has many forms in other languages. Alan is also an Old Breton personal name (from which the modern English Alan is ultimately derived), as well as being a Norman French name.", "Origin of the name Alan: A Celtic name of uncertain etymology. Alan was brought to England by the Normans during the Conquest. The name was borne by Alan, earl of Brittany, a follower of William the Conqueror. From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman. Comments and insights on the name Alan: | Edit. One likely reason that Alan (not a traditional Spanish name) is still popular in the Spanish Southwest while not in the rest of the country, is because older relatives with limited English can easily pronounce it in Spanish. Edgar and Ivan also fall into this category.", "Gaelic Meaning: The name Alana is a Gaelic baby name. In Gaelic the meaning of the name Alana is: This name of uncertain origin may be a feminine form of Man, or derived from the Irish Gaelic word for 'child'. Hawaiian Meaning: The name Alana is a Hawaiian baby name. In Hawaiian the meaning of the name Alana is: Feminine of Alan awakening.", "Usage: Alan, of Scottish Gaelic origin, is a very popular first name. It is more often used as a boy (male) name. People having the name Alan are in general originating from Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Ireland, Malta, Russia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.", "The name Alan is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Alan is: Fair; handsome. Famous Bearer: U.S. actor Alan Alda. American Meaning: The name Alan is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Alan is: Fair; handsome. Famous Bearer: U.S. actor Alan Alda. Celtic Meaning: The name Alan is a Celtic baby name. In Celtic the meaning of the name Alan is: Harmony, stone, or noble. Also fair, handsome. Originally a saint's name, it was reintroduced to Britain during the Norman Conquest, remained popular throughout the Middle Ages, and was revived in the 19th century", "Alana /ala-na/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced ah-LAH-nah. It is of Old German and Hawaiian origin, and the meaning of Alana is precious; awakening. A rather modern Latinate feminine form of Alan. Also possibly from the Gaelic ailin meaning little rock or possibly derived from Elaine or Helen. ", "Alan /alan/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced AL-an. It is of Old German origin, and the meaning of Alan is precious. From Adal. Also possibly derived from the Gaelic ailin meaning little rock. Introduced into England by Breton followers of William the Conqueror, such as Alan, Earl of Brittany, who was rewarded for his services with vast estates in the newly conquered kingdom.", "Alan is a very prominent first name for males (#91 out of 1220, Top 7%) and also a very prominent surname for both adults and children (#18551 out of 150436, Top 12%). (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the baby name popularity of Alan for boys. From Adal. Also possibly derived from the Gaelic ailin meaning little rock. Introduced into England by Breton followers of William the Conqueror, such as Alan, Earl of Brittany, who was rewarded for his services with vast estates in the newly conquered kingdom.", "See also Allen.. Other origins for the name Alan include-Celtic, Irish, English.The name Alan is most often used as a boy name or male name. Celtic Name Meaning-Harmony, stone, or noble. Also fair, handsome. In Celtic, the name Alan means-Harmony, stone, or noble. Also fair, handsome. Originally a saints name, it was reintroduced to Britain during the Norman Conquest, remained popular throughout the Middle Ages, and was revived in the 19th century." ], "url": [ "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=allen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_(given_name)", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/alan", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/alana", "https://themeaningofthename.com/alan/", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/alan", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Alana", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Alan", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Alan", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/celtic-names/alan.asp" ] }

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[ "$6.10 to $7.60 per linear foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The Wall-for a cast in place (concrete) retaining wall with a vertical face, installed on no more than a 33 degree slope with a level embankment, at 6' high (including excavation and backfill) the cost will be $12,800. 1 Costs will vary widely. 2 The Wall-for a cast in place (concrete) retaining wall with a vertical face, installed on no more than a 33 degree slope with a level embankment, at 6' high (including excavation and backfill) the cost will be $12,800.", "A natural stone wall will cost around $8 to $12 per square foot based on the type of stone chosen. A concrete block wall costs $6.10 to $7.60 per linear foot. Homeowners will also need to pay for any other materials needed, including steel bars, sand to keep the stones from rubbing against each other and mortar. Cost of Materials. The cost of adding a new wall to a home depends on the material used. Brick walls are often an affordable option, and a hollow brick wall costs around $25.40 per square foot.", "Poured Concrete Wall Costs. Concrete prices vary widely by region of the country and time of year. Ready-mixed concrete will cost between $65 and $90 per cubic yard (3’x3’x3’) . To put this into perspective, a wall 9’x27’x12” thick would take 9 cubic feet of concrete. Building a concrete wall also requires reinforcing metal bar, or re-bar to help solidify the wall. Labor costs will vary depending on the company you hire. Some companies have reusable concrete forms to build walls and this keeps their costs down. These companies typically charge about $3 to $5 per square foot of wall (disregard thickness of the wall).", "Retaining Wall Cost. Poured retaining walls with elaborate curves require complex formwork and will drive up cost for a wall. The total cost to have a concrete retaining wall installed will be a combination of material and labor prices. For a basic wall you can expect to pay between $30 and $40 per square foot. If you add a decorative finish, curves, steps, lighting or other upgrades, the cost will rise. For Ralston, $39 per square foot is the average cost he charges for a wall under 4 feet tall. For walls below 4 feet, he says his prices are often competitive with finished block. A block wall has to be stuccoed or finished with veneer, while a concrete wall does not need an added finish.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Concrete Block Wall Cap Installation project. For a basic 25 feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Concrete Block Wall Cap ranges between $13.26 - $16.36 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. We just got three estimates for a concrete block retaining wall using 8 x 8 x 18 blocks. One was $24 per square one was $27 per square foot and the last one was $51 per square foot not including the labor to dig the footing. Tomorrow we will go and check some of the walls they have built to make our decision. ", "But, you're not going to build that wall for ~$20 per linear foot, and even a fairly small lot needs a lot of fence or block... If your lot is 100 feet by 50 feet, that might be three-hundred feet of something... ", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Concrete Block Wall Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Concrete Block Wall ranges between $8.59 - $11.70 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased" ], "url": [ "http://www.fixr.com/costs/retaining-wall-building", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/walls-and-ceilings/install-a-brick-stone-or-block-wall/", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-concrete-wall-cost.html", "http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/poured_concrete_retaining_walls/cost.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_concrete_block_wall_cap.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_installation_price_of_a_concrete_block_retaining_wall_per_square_foot", "http://www.city-data.com/forum/phoenix-area/1559425-estimated-cost-concrete-block-wall-3.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_concrete_block_wall.html" ] }

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[ "The entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet; flood control in the Missouri basin.", "River basin means the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Noun. 1. river basin-the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet; flood control in the Missouri basin. catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, drainage basin, watershed, basin. detention basin-a storage site (such as a small reservoir) that delays the flow of water downstream. retention basin-a storage site similar to a detention basin but the water in storage is permanently obstructed from flowing downstream.", "River Basin. the part of the earth’s surface that includes a layer of water-bearing rock from which waters flow into a separate river or river system. The basin of each river includes surface and underground drainage. A surface drainage area is a part of the earth’s surface from which waters flow into a given river system or river. Underground drainage areas are formed by masses of loose deposits from which the water flows into the river network. ", "Full Definition of BASIN. 1. a: an open usually circular vessel with sloping or curving sides used typically for holding water for washing b chiefly British: a bowl used especially in cooking c: the quantity contained in a basin. 2. a: a dock built in a tidal river or harbor b: an enclosed or partly enclosed water area. Definition of BASIN for Kids. 1. : a wide shallow usually round dish or bowl for holding liquids. 2. 3. : the land drained by a river and its branches. 4. : a partly enclosed area of water for anchoring ships.", "A river basin is the land that water flows across or under on its way to a river. Just as a bathtub catches all of the water that falls within its sides, a river basin sends all of the water falling within it to a central river and out to an estuary or to the ocean. ", "Princeton's WordNet (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: river basin, basin, watershed, drainage basin, catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area (noun). the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet. ", "A drainage basin or catchment basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean. Similarly, the Missouri and Ohio rivers are each part of their own drainage basins and that of the Mississippi River. Other terms that are used to describe drainage basins are catchment, catchment area, drainage area, river basin and water basin.", "The drainage basin includes both the streams and rivers that convey the water as well as the land surfaces from which water drains into those channels, and is separated from adjacent basins by a drainage divide. Similarly, the Missouri and Ohio rivers are each part of their own drainage basins and that of the Mississippi River. Other terms that are used to describe drainage basins are catchment, catchment area, drainage area, river basin and water basin.", "4. basin-the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet; flood control in the Missouri basin. catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, drainage basin, river basin, watershed. ", "Definition of RIVER BASIN. : basin 3d. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged. " ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/river+basin", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/river+basin", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basin", "http://www.ncstormwater.org/pages/workbook_riverbasin.html", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/river%20basin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/basin", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/river%20basin" ] }

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[ "It is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "a term used in problem solving where there is a tendency to cling to set patterns and overlook possible new approaches. May overlook different uses for an object. FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS: Functional fixedness deals with one purpose for an object and no consideration of any other purposes.. No related posts. ", "Functional fixedness, which can also be a hindrance to problem solving, is a tendency to only think of the usual uses for an object. For example, you may go fishing, and instead of bringing your tackle box (contains fishing lures, hooks, etc.), you bring a sewing kit. Functional Fixedness is the tendency for one to perceive an item only in terms of its common use. For example, people typically see a pen as only used for writing. A pen could also be used to pull ones hair into a bun", "Karl Duncker defined functional fixedness as being a mental block against using an object in a new way that is required to solve a problem.. This block limits the ability of an individual to use components given to them to complete a task, as they cannot move past the original purpose of those components. Functional fixedness is this inability to see a hammer's use as anything other than for pounding nails; the person couldn't think to use the hammer in a way other than in its conventional function. When tested, 5-year-old children show no signs of functional fixedness. It has been argued that this is because at age 5, any goal to be achieved with an object is equivalent to any other goal. However, by age 7, children have acquired the tendency to treat the originally intended purpose of an object as special", "Functional Fixedness. The concept of Functional Fixedness developed during the period of Gestalt Psychology. Functional Fixedness occurs when a person is not able to see innovative ways of using an item or concept. For example, paper clips are not just useful for binding paper together. Functional Fixedness prevents people from coming up with new ways of using familiar objects so that they can solve problems that may come up. Children are not as fixed when it comes to using items in new ways especially those 5 years and younger.", "Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing. Functional fixedness is this inability to see a hammer's use as anything other than for pounding nails; the person couldn't think to use the hammer in a way other than in its conventional function. When tested, 5-year-old children show no signs of functional fixedness. It has been argued that this is because at age 5, any goal to be achieved with an object is equivalent to any other goal. However, by age 7, children have acquired the tendency to treat the originally intended purpose of an object as special", "The problem is when mental sets lead to functional fixedness. A really famous example of functional fixedness involves a candle, thumbtacks, and a box of matches. Imagine that I gave you these three things, and asked you to mount the candle on the wall and light it. People become fixed or locked in their way of thinking about the functions of things, which is why it is called functional fixedness. For example, when Henna and most people look at a coin, they think about its most common function, as currency.", "Confidence votes 1.6K. Functional Fixedness is the tendency for one to perceive an item only in terms of its common use. For example, people typically see a pen as only used for writing. A pen could also be used to pull ones hair into a bun", "Another way of overcoming functional fixedness is through meaning training. This is when people are trained to look at the most basic aspects of a problem. For example, Henna might be trained in the way that a screwdriver works to tighten a screw. People become fixed or locked in their way of thinking about the functions of things, which is why it is called functional fixedness. For example, when Henna and most people look at a coin, they think about its most common function, as currency." ], "url": [ "http://psychologydictionary.org/functional-fixedness/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_functional_fixedness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_fixedness", "http://mercercognitivepsychology.pbworks.com/w/page/61206602/Functional%20Fixedness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_fixedness", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/functional-fixedness-in-psychology-definition-examples-quiz.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_functional_fixedness", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/functional-fixedness-in-psychology-definition-examples-quiz.html" ] }

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[ "In the extreme south, 30 ml (1.18 in) annually and in the north, 900 ml (35.4 in)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Rainfall is unevenly distributed, decreasing sharply as one moves southward. In the extreme south, rainfall averages less than 100 mm annually; in the north, average annual rainfall is about 1,100 mm. Rainfall varies from season to season and from year to year, particularly in the Negev Desert. The climate further inland can be classified as BSh climate, a hot, dry Climate with the annual average Teperature above 18°C. The regions in southern Israel have a Bwh Climate; a hot desert climate with the annual average Tem", "Jerusalem: Annual Weather Averages. July is the hottest month in Jerusalem with an average temperature of 23°C (73°F) and the coldest is January at 8°C (46°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 13 in July. The wettest month is January with an average of 90mm of rain", "The average rainfall of a swamp varies from 24 to 36 inches per year. The actual amount depends on the location and weather. The average rainfall in Arizona is 7.11 inches per year. Of course there is less in the desert areas than in the fertile areas. The above rainfall is distributed over 113,909 … square miles contained in Arizona.", "1 Of the land area, 20.9% has a semi-arid/ steppe climate (BS), 40.5% has a arid/ desert climate (BW), 38.7% has a temperate/ mesothermal climate with dry summers (Cs). Climate & Temperature. 1 ", "Tel Aviv: Annual Weather Averages. July is the hottest month in Tel Aviv with an average temperature of 26°C (79°F) and the coldest is January at 13°C (55°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 13 in July. The wettest month is January with an average of 110mm of rain. The best month to swim in the sea is in August when the average sea temperature is 29°C (84°F). Search : July is the hottest month in Tel Aviv with an average temperature of 26°C (79°F) and the coldest is January at 13°C (55°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 13 in July.", "January is the coldest month, with temperatures from 5 C to 10 C, and August is the hottest month at 18 C to 38 C. About 70 percent of the average rainfall in the country falls between November and March; June through August are often rainless. Rainfall is unevenly distributed, decreasing sharply as one moves southward. In the extreme south, rainfall averages less than 100 millimeters annually; in the north, average annual rainfall is 1,128 millimeters. Rainfall varies from season to season and from year to year, particularly in the Negev Desert. Precipitation is often concentrated in violent storms, causing erosion and flooding", "1 Of the population, 9.5% live in a semi-arid/ steppe climate (BS), 16.4% live in a arid/ desert climate (BW), 74.1% live in a temperate/ mesothermal climate with dry summers (Cs). Climate & Temperature. 1 Of the land area, 20.9% has a semi-arid/ steppe climate (BS), 40.5% has a arid/ desert climate (BW), 38.7% has", "Rainfall is unevenly distributed, significantly lower in the south of the country. In the extreme south, rainfall averages near 30 millimeters (1.18 in) annually; in the north, average annual rainfall exceeds 900 millimeters (35.4 in). Rainfall varies from season to season and from year to year, particularly in the Negev Desert. Israel's area is approximately 20,770 km 2 (8,019 sq mi), which includes 445 km 2 (172 sq mi) of inland water. Israel stretches 424 km (263 mi) from north to south, and its width ranges from 114 km (71 mi) to, at its narrowest point, 15 km (9.3 mi)." ], "url": [ "http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/Israel-and-Palestine.htm", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/jerusalem/averages/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_rainfall_of_Israel", "http://www.israel.climatemps.com/", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/tel_aviv/averages/", "http://countrystudies.us/israel/36.htm", "http://www.israel.climatemps.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Israel" ] }

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[ "Low income per capita, famine, and disease." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Studies have shown that over 80% of U.S. population growth between 2005 and 2050 will be a direct result of immigration – legal, illegal, and the U.S.-born children of immigrants. That rate is expected to be even higher in the years to come. Immigration (as it relates to population growth) is simply about numbers – not race, ethnicity, skin color, or nation of origin. It is not racist to question what continued population growth will mean for America’s resources and environment. NPG strongly condemns racism in all its forms.", "In a word, it is immigration. That is because new immigrants and their U.S.- born children currently account for 75 to 80 percent of our annual population growth. And, that share of population growth due to immigration has been rising along with the rising number of new immigrants. The Pew Hispanic Center researchers estimated in 2008 that given current trends 82 percent of population growth from 2005 to 2050 will result from immigrants and their descendents. Common sense tells us that there are limits to sustainable population growth just as there is a limit to the land area of our country. The U.S. population is now 307 million residents with an annual average growth rate of 0.975 percent.", "And Americans have the biggest Affluence footprint per person of any people in the world. Any population growth in the United States, then, is growth of these big Affluence footprints, making U.S. population growth more harmful to the world than population growth anywhere else. Foreign-born residents are now 40% of the total of the population, according to new United States Census Bureau figures. In 1990, foreign-born residents were only 28%. The new figures come from a 15,417-household survey taken in 1999 by the Census Bureau. Without immigration, NYC's population would be shrinking.", "In the US, much of the impact is a result of growing population and faster-growing development of land. Between 1990 and 2000, the U.S. population grew by 33 million people, the greatest increase the country has ever seen. Future growth is predicted to add 27 million people each decade for the next 30 years. The U.S. population constitutes only 5% of world population, but consumes 24% of world's energy. The U.S. is losing 400,000 acres of rural land per year, while urbanized land area increased between 1969 and 1990 at twice the rate of population growth in the same time period.", "Malthus states that population increase is detrimental to a nation’s economy due to a variety of problems caused by the growth. For example, overpopulation and population growth places a tremendous amount of pressure on natural resources, which result in a chain reaction of problems as the nation grows. The increase in demand for food leads to a decrease in natural resources, which are needed for a nation to survive. Other negative effects of population growth and, specifically, overpopulation include poverty caused by low income per capita, famine, and disease. India is a prime example of Thomas Malthus’ theory of population growth and its effect on the economy. India is a country plagued by poverty primarily caused by overpopulation. Inhabited by over nine hundred billion people, India has a population of three hundred million under the poverty line", "By the 1970s, American women were averaging fewer babies and the US was well-positioned to transition from a growing to a stable population. Without post- 1970 immigration, the U.S. population would have leveled off below 250 million in the first few decades of this century. Foreign-born residents are now 40% of the total of the population, according to new United States Census Bureau figures. In 1990, foreign-born residents were only 28%. The new figures come from a 15,417-household survey taken in 1999 by the Census Bureau. Without immigration, NYC's population would be shrinking.", "The population of the US is a little over 300 million and the current population growth rate is a little under 1% per year which means that the population of the US is increasing by about 3 million people per year. The U.S. population constitutes only 5% of world population, but consumes 24% of world's energy. The U.S. is losing 400,000 acres of rural land per year, while urbanized land area increased between 1969 and 1990 at twice the rate of population growth in the same time period.", "Overpopulation occurs when a population of a species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. Overpopulation is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources, such as the water and essential nutrients they need to survive. It can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources", "Negative Population Growth, Inc. (NPG) is a national non-profit membership organization. NPG’s primary purpose is to educate American citizens and legislators regarding the damaging effects of population growth. Immigration (as it relates to population growth) is simply about numbers – not race, ethnicity, skin color, or nation of origin. It is not racist to question what continued population growth will mean for America’s resources and environment. NPG strongly condemns racism in all its forms." ], "url": [ "http://www.npg.org/about-us/f-a-q.html", "http://www.fairus.org/issue/the-united-states-is-already-overpopulated", "http://www.overpopulation.org/immigration.html", "http://www.overpopulation.org/USpopulation.html", "http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dluu/ps/rkothare99.pdf", "http://www.overpopulation.org/immigration.html", "http://www.overpopulation.org/USpopulation.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpopulation", "http://www.npg.org/about-us/f-a-q.html" ] }

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[ "80% during the wet season.", "Humidity routinely registers about 80% during the wet season. A 75% rate of humidity is not uncommon during parts of the dry season." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Weather in the Maldives. The tropical Maldive islands form an island nation – a chain of about 7,000 islands stretching north to south in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, across the equator to the south west of India, in a string covering more than 1,000 miles. Temperature-wise the equatorial heat is tempered on the Maldives by the surrounding ocean, which provides some cool sea breezes. The temperature ranges between a pleasant 24 °C and rather steamier 33 °C all through the year, feeling warmer at times because humidity can be high, particularly in the wet season.", "Two seasons dominate Maldives' weather: the dry season associated with the winter northeast monsoon and the rainy season brought by the summer southwest monsoon. The annual rainfall averages 2,540 millimeters (100 in) in the north and 3,810 millimeters (150 in) in the south. The weather in Maldives is affected by the large landmass of the South Asia to the north.", "Due to the lower rainfall and reduced humidity, Maldives climate is best experienced during the dry season, particularly between February and April. Although there is greater chance of rain during the wet season, the temperature remains hot and there is a strong chance of extended periods of sunshine in between showers. The Maldives has a year-round hot tropical climate. There are two monsoons, the southwest from May to October and the northeast from November to April. Generally the southwest brings more wind and rain in June and July.", "Climate-Maldives-annual temperature. The Maldives has a tropical climate with warm temperatures year round and a great deal of sunshine. The warm tropical climate results in relatively minor variations in daily temperature throughout the year. The hottest month on average is April and the coolest, December. Maldives Climate. In a nation with less than one percent land and over 99 percent sea, the weather obviously plays a significant role in day-to-day life.", "Male Yearly Weather Summary. Male weather is tropical that is hot, humid and dry. It enjoys pleasant temperatures all year round that feature two main weather conditions, the dry and rainy season. The dry season is between end of October until end of March and the rainy season is between end of April and end of October.", "The rainy season in the Maldives lasts from the end of April until mid-October whereby the average temperature fluctuates between 27 and 33 degrees. With regards to the rainfall in the Maldives, the yearly average lies at around 2,540 millimetres in the North, and 3,810 millimetres in the south of Maldives. The water temperature in Maldives never drops below 25 degrees, and with the average sunshine surpassing 8 hours in a day, it is difficult not to enjoy the blissful weather conditions. For a detailed monthly summary of the weather in the Maldives, please click on one of the links below! 1 Maldives Weather in January.", "Average monthly rainfall in the wet season never drops below 200 mm. It is highest in May and lowest in June. Humidity routinely registers about 80% during the wet season. The chart below shows the average rainfall in mm by month. Statistics are courtesy of the Maldives Meteorological Service for calendar year 2010. During the dry season, the average monthly rainfall, expressed in millimeters (mm), is highest in November and lowest in February. Being close to the equator and surrounded by water, humidity is always pretty high. A 75% rate of humidity is not uncommon during parts of the dry season.", "During the wetter months the Maldives still enjoy an average four hours a day of sunshine, and up to nine hours in the dry season. Temperature-wise the equatorial heat is tempered on the Maldives by the surrounding ocean, which provides some cool sea breezes. The temperature ranges between a pleasant 24 °C and rather steamier 33 °C all through the year, feeling warmer at times because humidity can be high, particularly in the wet season.", "The Maldives climate guide is perfect for planning your holiday. Monthly weather averages give the best indication of what the weather is usually like for every month of the year including figures for temperature, rainfall and sunshine. The Maldives climate guide shown below is for Male. Maldives climate overview. Lying to the southwest of Sri Lanka and India, the Maldives is a collection of about 1,200 coral islands and atolls straddling the equator.", "Maldives: Annual Weather Averages. March is the hottest month in Maldives with an average temperature of 29°C (84°F) and the coldest is January at 27°C (81°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in February. The wettest month is September with an average of 243mm of rain" ], "url": [ "http://www.climateandweather.com/weather-in-maldives", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives", "http://www.worldtravelguide.net/maldives/weather-climate-geography", "http://www.visitmaldives.info/climate.html", "http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Male-weather-averages/Maale/MV.aspx", "http://www.maldivesdivetravel.com/maldives-weather", "http://www.maldivesholidays.org/maldives-weather", "http://www.climateandweather.com/weather-in-maldives", "http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/maldives/", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/maldives/averages/" ] }

[]

[ "Uber is an on-demand car service that allows you to request private drivers through applications for iPhone and Android devices." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I know some people in big US cities already know what Uber is, but I was so excited to finally use it, being an outsider... so I made this for people that follow the blog on http://www.StuckInCustoms.com :). I tried to use Uber a few months ago in Vancouver, but it was outlawed there! ", "All fare payments are handled automatically by the Uber service and your credit card on file. If using the TAXI service, you can select the amount to be tipped through your Uber Payment Settings-the default is 20%. You do not need to tip the other Uber services, including UberX, but tips are appreciated. 1 The Uber app will provide you with the phone number of your driver. 2 You can use this contact the driver if you have any special considerations. 3 If you need to cancel your reservation, you will be charged a $5-$10 fee if you cancel after five minutes.", "1 Taxi – This calls a taxi that has an agreement with Uber. 2 These taxis are much like any normal taxi, except that you can pay through the app. 3 UberX – This sends an everyday car to your location with seating for up to four people. 4 This is Uber’s budget option. 1 The Uber app will provide you with the phone number of your driver. 2 You can use this contact the driver if you have any special considerations. 3 If you need to cancel your reservation, you will be charged a $5-$10 fee if you cancel after five minutes.", "Uber is an on-demand car service that allows you to request private drivers through applications for iPhone and Android devices. The service utilizes dispatch software to send the nearest driver to your location. 1 The Uber app will provide you with the phone number of your driver. 2 You can use this contact the driver if you have any special considerations. 3 If you need to cancel your reservation, you will be charged a $5-$10 fee if you cancel after five minutes.", "One afternoon in late September, I opened the Uber app and requested a ride. For the unitiated, Uber is a hugely popular app that allows people to summon a private car with a few taps of their fingers. Since launching in 2009, the company has expanded to 34 countries, mainstreaming on-demand private transportation. If Uber's function was to take people in private vehicles from point A to point B, it would be easier to argue that the safety and privacy of customers should be enough of a priority to make sure that the whole company is at least aware of what the policies are. But that's not what Uber's function is.", "No cab. Tonight I see the need for more competition with @Uber // @Uber_Ottawa #ottcity — John Baird (@HonJohnBaird) October 5, 2014. As the app-based ridesharing service Uber fights to stay in Ottawa, debate is heating up over whether the company is a technology middle-man or an unlicensed, unregulated taxi service.", "1 Black Car – This is Uber’s original service. 2 Choosing Black Car will send a high-end sedan to your location, with seating for up to 4 people. 3 Taxi – This calls a taxi that has an agreement with Uber. 4 These taxis are much like any normal taxi, except that you can pay through the app. 1 The Uber app will provide you with the phone number of your driver. 2 You can use this contact the driver if you have any special considerations. 3 If you need to cancel your reservation, you will be charged a $5-$10 fee if you cancel after five minutes.", "Uber Technologies Inc. is an American international transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company develops, markets and operates the Uber mobile app, which allows consumers with smartphones to submit a trip request which is then routed to Uber drivers who use their own cars. In some cities, if the Uber car is travelling at a speed greater than 11 mph (18 km/h), the price is calculated on a distance basis, otherwise, the price is calculated on a time basis. At the end of a ride, the complete fare is automatically billed to the customer's credit card.", "Since Uber's launch, several other companies have copied its business model, a trend that has come to be referred to as Uberification. Uber was founded as UberCab by Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp in 2009 and the app was released the following June. Beginning in 2012, Uber expanded internationally. In 2014, it experimented with carpooling features and made other updates. In some cities, if the Uber car is travelling at a speed greater than 11 mph (18 km/h), the price is calculated on a distance basis, otherwise, the price is calculated on a time basis. At the end of a ride, the complete fare is automatically billed to the customer's credit card.", "I've been a big fan of Uber for nearly two years, ever since I first used the service a year and a half ago in London. When Uber came to Norway just before Christmas, I was overjoyed. But it got a lukewarm reception in the Norwegian press and among politicians, as most new things in Norway get. I don't want Uber to give up on Norway — and I don't think it ever will — so I embedded myself as a driver for Uber Pop (the European version of UberX) for a week to see what it's really all about. So in the previous week, I have been an Uber driver at night, and I will tell everything I learned, good and bad." ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CpqnR73b2U", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/28/uber-s-biggest-problem-isn-t-surge-pricing-what-if-it-s-sexual-harassment-by-drivers.html", "http://www.ctvnews.ca/business/uber-ride-share-taxi-or-tech-company-1.2044508", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber_(company)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber_(company)", "http://www.businessinsider.com/i-drove-for-uber-for-a-week-heres-what-its-really-like-2015-2" ] }

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[ "Scottish, northern Irish, and English." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Linton /lin-ton/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Linton is flax settlement . Place name. Kreatif forms: Linlon, Lintonne, Lonton. Linton is a rare given name for men but a very popular surname for all people (#2428 out of 150436, Top 2%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the baby name popularity of Linton for boys", "Scottish, northern Irish, and English: habitational name from any of the numerous places so called, found in the Scottish Borders and in various parts of England. The second element is in all cases Old English tun ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. In the case of Linton in Northumberland the first element is a British river name, Lyne (related to Welsh lliant ‘stream’), while Linton in Kent is ‘estate associated with a man called Lill or Lilla’. The other places of this name normally have as their first element Old English lind ‘lime tree’ or lin ‘flax’, but occasionally perhaps hlynn ‘torrent’ or hlinc ‘hillside’. (On the basis of geographical situation the meaning ‘torrent’ would be appropriate to Linton near Skipton in West Yorkshire).", "Share what you know! Personal experiences with the name Linton: | Edit. Share what you know! Nicknames for Linton: | Edit. Share what you know! Meanings and history of the name Linton: | Edit. A British surname originally derived from place name, Linton has been used as a given name for males since the 19th century. Linton in song, story & screen: | Edit. Linton is the surname of a family in Emily Bronte'brontë S Wuthering. Heights it is also the given name of a (Character Linton) heathcliff in the same. work", "Linton in Northumberland is named from the River Lyne (from lei, to flaw), on which the village is situated. Locational surnames were developed when former inhabitants of a place moved to another area, usually to seek work, and were best identified by the name of their birthplace. One Richard de (of) Linton was recorded in the 1273 Hundred Rolls of London.", "Linton Early Origins. First found in East Lothian, Scotland, where East Linton is situated on the River Tyne, near Haddington. West Linton is a village in the Scottish Borders, (formerly in Peeblesshire) not far from East Linton. There is also a Linton located in Orkneys. One of the first records of the name was Gamel de Lintun who witnessed a charter by Ernaldus, bishop pf St. Andrews (c. 1160-62.) Magister Roberts de Linton was vicar of Kylelan (c. 1214.).", "Save Name. Last name origin & meaning: Scottish, northern Irish, and English: habitational name from any of the numerous places so called, found in the Scottish Borders and in various parts of England. The second element is in all cases Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’", "The name Linton is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Linton is: From the flax enclosure. American Meaning: The name Linton is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Linton is: From the flax enclosure. SoulUrge Number: 6. Expression Number: 3. People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated." ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Linton", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=linton", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/linton", "http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Linton", "https://www.houseofnames.com/linton-family-crest", "http://genealogy.familyeducation.com/surname-origin/linton", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/linton" ] }

[]

[ "SEROTONIN." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Presynaptic neurons are the neurons that conduct the AP to release a neurotransmitter and they affect the postsynaptic neurons. What ALWAYS causes a neuron to release any neurotransmitter (whether it is excitatory or inhibitory) is an action potential.", "DOPAMINE is a special neurotransmitter because it is considered to be both excitatory and inhibitory. Dopamine helps with depression as well as focus, which you will read about in the excitatory section.", "GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is often referred to as “nature’s VALIUM-like substance”. When GABA is out of range (high or low excretion values), it is likely that an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain. GABA will be sent out to attempt to balance this stimulating over-firing.", "There are two kinds of neurotransmitters – INHIBITORY and EXCITATORY. Excitatory neurotransmitters are not necessarily exciting – they are what stimulate the brain. Those that calm the brain and help create balance are called inhibitory.", "A. The effects of neurotransmitters released from either sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic neurons may be stimulatory. or inhibitory. B. The effects of neurotransmitters released by somatic motor neurons may be either stimulatory or inhibitory. C. The effects of neurotransmitters released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons are always", "Inhibitory Neurotransmitters. SEROTONIN is an inhibitory neurotransmitter – which means that it does not stimulate the brain. Adequate amounts of serotonin are necessary for a stable mood and to balance any excessive excitatory (stimulating) neurotransmitter firing in", "GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it decreases the neuron's action potential. When the action potential drops below a certain level, known as the threshold potential, the neuron will not generate action potentials and thus not excite nearby neurons.", "Glycine is the main neurotransmitter that mediates the inhibitory actions of spinal cord interneurons. It is also present in lower amounts throughout the nervous system. Glycine is synthesized from serine in the mitochondria (Figure 13.5)." ], "url": [ "http://antranik.org/actions-of-excitatory-and-inhibitory-neurotransmitters/", "https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp", "https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp", "https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp", "http://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=214045", "https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp", "https://www.dnalc.org/view/485-GABA-Neurotransmitter.html", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter13.html" ] }

[]

[ "The Path of Redemption is a Path of Enlightenment that fights the Beast by striving for salvation in the service of God." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Path of Nocturnal Redemption was born in Montreal at the end of the 17th century. It began when a cadre of Jesuits, Embraced by local Sabbat, emerged from their graves charged with a potent mixture of human faith and Cainite enlightenment. The Path of Nocturnal Redemption is a Path of Enlightenment created by the members of the coven known as the Shepherds of Caine from Montreal.", "The Cainites who follow the Path of Redemption do the same by investigating their Disciplines or spending their immortal existences researching occult texts. They try to atone for the sins of Caine and strive to redeem him and themselves. Naturally, these claims are somewhat inconvenient in the current societies of the Damned, but the followers of the path are often more determined to gain grace than caring about others. A follower of the Path is also known as a Martyr.", "Not only is the path to redemption from a 20 perspective but from from a Christ perspective, which is introspective and often times this leads people to look at how their walk with the Lord will be over their life time. I see it as an opportunity to reconnect with Christ in a new way. It is deepens your faith walk. ", "Please try again later. Long time no see everyone. This AMV is a sequel to Path to Majin, in which I focused on what led Vegeta to sell his soul to Babidi. In this AMV I focused on what led him to fight for someone, other than himself, for the first time, in other words his act of redemption. ", "The Path of Redemption is a Path of Enlightenment that fights the Beast by striving for salvation in the service of God. Naturally, these claims are somewhat inconvenient in the current societies of the Damned, but the followers of the path are often more determined to gain grace than caring about others. A follower of the Path is also known as a Martyr.", "It is allegedly a journal that holds the prophetic ramblings of High General Abbendis of the Scarlet Onslaught. Within that book can be found the motivations and goals of the Scarlet zealots-not to mention a whole lot of insanity. Venture to Onslaught Base Camp, northeast of Wintergarde Keep, and recover a copy of The Path of Redemption from one of the Onslaught soldiers.", "Usually, they will form communities that are centered similar to a monastery. It should be noted, however, that followers of the Path of redemption don't care about maintaining their Humanity or any human moralities any longer, having accepted their bestiality and striving only for absolution before God. Naturally, these claims are somewhat inconvenient in the current societies of the Damned, but the followers of the path are often more determined to gain grace than caring about others. A follower of the Path is also known as a Martyr.", "Overview Edit. The undeniable supernatural fact of vampirism, so the scholars of the Path argue, proves that there must be a higher power. If there is a higher power, humanity must have failed it; just look around and you can see how sin and degradation flourish among them. Naturally, these claims are somewhat inconvenient in the current societies of the Damned, but the followers of the path are often more determined to gain grace than caring about others. A follower of the Path is also known as a Martyr.", "Comment by cheesepotatoes. All of the following have a chance to drop the Path of Redemption : The only mobs in the Onslaught Base Camp (Other than Onslaught Commander Iustus) that will not reward the Book are the Onslaught Bloodhounds. Within that book can be found the motivations and goals of the Scarlet zealots-not to mention a whole lot of insanity. Venture to Onslaught Base Camp, northeast of Wintergarde Keep, and recover a copy of The Path of Redemption from one of the Onslaught soldiers.", "You might also check Path of Redemption. The Path of Nocturnal Redemption is a Path of Enlightenment created by the members of the coven known as the Shepherds of Caine from Montreal. Practitioners of this path are called Martyrs" ], "url": [ "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Nocturnal_Redemption", "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Redemption", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081105211158AAohSvV", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sms0fCbDlTA", "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Redemption", "http://www.wowhead.com/quest=12477/the-path-of-redemption", "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Redemption", "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Redemption", "http://www.wowhead.com/quest=12477/the-path-of-redemption", "http://whitewolf.wikia.com/wiki/Path_of_Nocturnal_Redemption" ] }

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[ "The Angolan culture is mostly native Bantu which was mixed with Portuguese culture. The diverse ethnic communities with their own cultural traits, traditions and native languages or dialects include the Ovimbundu, Ambundu, Bakongo, Chokwe, and other peoples." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "However, the Angolan culture is mostly native Bantu which was mixed with Portuguese culture. The diverse ethnic communities with their own cultural traits, traditions and native languages or dialects include the Ovimbundu, Ambundu, Bakongo, Chokwe, and other peoples. The three dominant ethnic groups are the Ovimbundu, Mbundu (better called Ambundu, speaking Kimbundu) and the Bakongo. There are also small numbers of Mestico (mixed African and European descent) and ethnic white Europeans as well.", "Here are some physical feature of Angola. The climate of Angola is tropical, rainy, and dry depending on the season. From February to April it is very rainy while in the summer it is hot and dry and winters are mild. Some mountains includes the Moco mountain and the Tala Mugongo mountains", "There are over 100 distinct ethnic groups and languages/dialects in Angola. Although Portuguese is the official language, for many black Angolans it is a second or even third language. The three dominant ethnic groups are the Ovimbundu, Mbundu (better called Ambundu, speaking Kimbundu) and the Bakongo. There are also small numbers of Mestico (mixed African and European descent) and ethnic white Europeans as well.", "Angola is known for its traditional ethnic art, which is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. The masks and statues of the Chokwe people in the east are regarded as some of the finest wood carvings in central Africa. Ceramics, basketry and textiles are also well-practised art forms. Sport. Today, it’s the modern culture of sport, particularly football and basketball, which best unites Angolans. Angolans were thrilled when their nation reached the Football World Cup final draws in 2006. The sport of capoeria is also very popular among young people in Angola.", "Identification. The word Angola derives from the title used by the rulers of the Ndongo state. The title ngola was first mentioned in Portuguese writings in the sixteenth century. A Portuguese colony founded on the coast in 1575 also came to be known as Angola. At the end of the nineteenth century, the name was given to a much larger territory that was envisaged to come under Portuguese influence.", "Angola is a geographically having large territories and it is located in the Southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Although the western-style clothing is becoming relatively-common but still their traditional norms are somehow alive and are reflected from their traditional dress which is the symbol of the ethnic culture of Angola. Share this:", "(June 2012). The culture of Angola is influenced by the Portuguese Portugal occupied the coastal enclave Luanda, and later also Benguela, since the 16th/17th centuries, occupied the territory of what today in the 19th/20th centuries, and ruled it until 1975. The three dominant ethnic groups are the Ovimbundu, Mbundu (better called Ambundu, speaking Kimbundu) and the Bakongo. There are also small numbers of Mestico (mixed African and European descent) and ethnic white Europeans as well.", "Although the 27-year-long civil war in Angola ended in 2002, its society remains forever changed by the conflict. Angola’s art and culture have been largely unexplored historically and remain so today. Angola was barely explored by its colonizers during over 400 years of rule; and since independence from Portugal in 1975, the country has been rarely visited by tourists. A written literary culture developed in the 19th century in the cities, and political poetry and literature played a significant part in the independence movement. The most famous poet in Angola is Antonio Agostinho Neto, an admired political poet and former president of Angola.", "The traditional dress of Angola is the symbol of the ethnic culture of Angola as they have continued to follow their own cultural traits, traditions and languages. Although the western-style clothing is becoming relatively-common but still their traditional norms are somehow alive and are reflected from their traditional dress which is the symbol of the ethnic culture of Angola. Share this:", "Liberation of Angola (UNITA) and the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) many symbols stem from the military tradition. Parades, uniforms, and flags are prominent during many political meetings. The title ngola was first mentioned in Portuguese writings in the sixteenth century. A Portuguese colony founded on the coast in 1575 also came to be known as Angola. At the end of the nineteenth century, the name was given to a much larger territory that was envisaged to come under Portuguese influence." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Angola", "http://angolainfo.weebly.com/physical-features.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Angola", "http://www.our-africa.org/angola/people-culture", "http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Angola.html", "http://thelovelyplanet.net/traditional-dress-of-angola-a-symbol-of-the-ethnic-culture/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Angola", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/art-culture-angola-africa-11787.html", "http://thelovelyplanet.net/traditional-dress-of-angola-a-symbol-of-the-ethnic-culture/", "http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Angola.html" ] }

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[ "24 inches deep, 36 to 42 inches high and 25-1/4 to 26 inches wide." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "But some homeowners opt for deeper countertops measuring 30 inches or more, which can accommodate a larger sink than the standard countertop. Single bowl sinks come in sizes as wide as 33 inches, while double-bowl units can measure 48 inches.Triple bowl units may be as wide as 60 inches. For rooms smaller than 150 square feet or 10-by-15 feet, skip the big sinks and stick to models that fall below the standard size range. If your kitchen exceeds 150 square feet, look for larger units, including double-or triple-bowl units that are better equipped to meet the needs of larger families.", "Sizing the Drain. The drain on a sink has to be narrower or equal to the size of the drain hole. If the opening in the upper part of the sink basin is, for instance, 1.5 inches wide, the drain can be 1.25 or 1.5 inches wide. This variation comes into play because the opening in the basin is generally a lot wider in this visible flange area.", "It has three main types, namely apron sinks, top mount sinks and undermount sinks. Aside from learning these things, there are other interesting things to learn about it such as the standard kitchen sink dimensions. The standard width of a kitchen sink is 22 inches while its length usually measures 30 inches. This useful fixture usually has two basins that are 8 inches deep. Its size varies depending on different factors such as the sink drain position, counter space bowl orientation as well as number of bowls. In addition, its dimensions also depend on the accessories available, some of the most common of which are the soap dispenser, air gap, sprayer and tappings.", "A bathroom sink drain hole is typically 1.25 inches in diameter. While a bathroom sink's design and overall size may vary from one model to the next, the drain holes are fairly standard, 1.25 inches being a general standard, with widths of 1.5 inches and 1.625 inches also common. The size of the hole helps determine which size drain is needed for that particular sink. If the opening in the upper part of the sink basin is, for instance, 1.5 inches wide, the drain can be 1.25 or 1.5 inches wide. This variation comes into play because the opening in the basin is generally a lot wider in this visible flange area.", "Typical Sink Bowl Diameters. There is no set standard bathroom sink bowl size. However, when you buy a sink for a countertop, you will find most fall within a certain size range. This range is between 15 and 18 inches wide overall. This width varies due to the shape of the bowl as well. Typical Bathroom Sink Depth. The typical sink bowl is usually between 4 and 5 inches deep. This is not a standard size, however. Some larger bowls have a depth of between 6 to 8 inches.", "While countertop sizes vary greatly, and have a big impact on sink bowl size, the height of the countertop is more standardized. Most bathroom countertops are 34 to 36 inches high, a standard for kitchen countertops as well. Typical Bathroom Sink Depth. The typical sink bowl is usually between 4 and 5 inches deep. This is not a standard size, however. Some larger bowls have a depth of between 6 to 8 inches.", "The sink bowl and countertop varies in size. Smaller vanity tops measure 30 inches wide while larger tops measure up to 92 inches wide. Vanity tops are usually between 22 and 24 inches wide, a standard width for bathroom countertops. Typical Bathroom Sink Depth. The typical sink bowl is usually between 4 and 5 inches deep. This is not a standard size, however. Some larger bowls have a depth of between 6 to 8 inches.", "One of the most important criteria for choosing kitchen sink size involves finding a sink that comfortably fits the kitchen's base cabinets. Average cabinets measure 24 inches deep, 36 to 42 inches high and 25-1/4 to 26 inches wide.The standard 22-by-33 inch sink fits well within these dimensions. If your base cabinets are larger than this standard size, you may be able to accommodate a larger sink. For rooms smaller than 150 square feet or 10-by-15 feet, skip the big sinks and stick to models that fall below the standard size range. If your kitchen exceeds 150 square feet, look for larger units, including double-or triple-bowl units that are better equipped to meet the needs of larger families.", "Even the standard 22-by-33-inch sink may seem too large in small kitchens. For rooms smaller than 150 square feet or 10-by-15 feet, skip the big sinks and stick to models that fall below the standard size range. If your kitchen exceeds 150 square feet, look for larger units, including double-or triple-bowl units that are better equipped to meet the needs of larger families.", "The Dimensions of a Kitchen Sink. The standard width of a kitchen sink is 22 inches while its length usually measures 30 inches. This useful fixture usually has two basins that are 8 inches deep. Its size varies depending on different factors such as the sink drain position, counter space bowl orientation as well as number of bowls. In addition, its dimensions also depend on the accessories available, some of the most common of which are the soap dispenser, air gap, sprayer and tappings." ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/standard-sizes-kitchen-sinks-89166.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/standard-size-drain-hole-bathroom-sink-88102.html", "http://www.dimensionsinfo.com/kitchen-sink-dimensions/", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/standard-size-drain-hole-bathroom-sink-88102.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8735362_standard-sizes-bathroom-sink-countertops.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8735362_standard-sizes-bathroom-sink-countertops.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8735362_standard-sizes-bathroom-sink-countertops.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/standard-sizes-kitchen-sinks-89166.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/standard-sizes-kitchen-sinks-89166.html", "http://www.dimensionsinfo.com/kitchen-sink-dimensions/" ] }

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[ "23 pairs", "23" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How many chromosome are in a human sex cell? The human sex cell or human gamete has half the number of cells that any other normal human cell would have. A normal human cell (the one from your skin, mou … th, lung, liver, sex organs, etc.) has 23 pairs of chromosomes and as such are called diploid cells.", "A human cell has a diploid number of 46. Following mitosis, each daughter cell would have a total of 46 chromosomes. After meiosis I, each daughter cell would have a total of 23 chromosomes. After meiosis I", "The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes. This picture of the human chromosomes lined up in pairs is called a karyotype. In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between", "After meiosis I, each daughter cell would have a total of __ chromosomes. After meiosis II, each daughter cell would have a total of __ chromosomes. I understand that if diploid number is 46, then 2n=46, 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of", "A regular human cell has 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes, which come in pairs, and 2 sex chromosomes, which specify gender (XX for female and XY for male). The pairs of autosomes are called homologous chromosomes.. One of each pair came from mom and the other came from dad." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_chromosomes_would_you_find_in_a_human_sex_cell", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080623145731AASRFuC", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/howmanychromosomes", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080623145731AASRFuC", "http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/diagnose/" ] }

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[ "Chronology Otto von Bismarck was the principal architect of the Berlin Conference." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Berlin Conference was held in Berlin between November 15, 1884 and November 26, 1885, under the leadership of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.", "Author(s): The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 marked the climax of the European competition for territory in Africa, a process commonly known as the Scramble for Africa.", "The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference (German: Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz), regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power.", "The Conference met at Berlin from November 1884 through Februart 1885 and resulted in the following agreement--The Berlin Act of 1885. It was attended by representatives of Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Russia, U.S.A., Portugal, Denmark, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium and Turkey.", "Chronology Otto von Bismarck was the principal architect of the Berlin Conference. The exploration of Africa by Europeans started with the Portuguese sailing along Africa's coast in 1450. The success the Portuguese had on these voyages encouraged other European naval powers to explore Africa.", "The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was a meeting between European nations to create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among them for colonization. The conference was convened by Portugal but led by Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of the newly united Germany. Though invited, the U.S. declined to participate.", "Curated Facts. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, convened by Otto von Bismarck to discuss the future of Africa, had the stamping out slavery high on the agenda. The Berlin Act of 1885, signed by the 13 European powers attending the conference, included a resolution to 'help in suppressing slavery'.", "The Berlin Conference was Africa's undoing in more ways than one. The colonial powers superimposed their domains on the African continent. By the time independence returned to Africa in 1950, the realm had acquired a legacy of political fragmentation that could neither be eliminated nor made to operate satisfactorily." ], "url": [ "http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Africa/BerlinConf.html", "http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467", "http://originalpeople.org/berlin-conference-1884-85/", "http://www.africafederation.net/Berlin_1885.htm", "http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Africa/BerlinConf.html", "http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/berlin-conference-of-1884-45", "http://www.citelighter.com/history/history/knowledgecards/1884-berlin-conference", "http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/MWH/Projects/mun-bc/history.htm" ] }

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[ "Adipose tissue" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "fibrous renal capsule the connective tissue investment of the kidney, which continues through the hilus to line the renal sinus. Glisson's capsule a sheath of connective tissue accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels through the hepatic portal. In hepatitis it may become stretched, which is a common cause of pain. a sheath of connective tissue accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels within the liver. glomerular capsule. the globular dilatation forming the beginning of a uriniferous tubule within the kidney, and surrounding the glomerulus.", "fibrous renal capsule the connective tissue investment of the kidney, continuous through the hilum to line the renal sinus. Glisson's capsule the connective tissue sheath accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels through the hepatic portal. a sheath of connective tissue accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels within the liver. glomerular capsule. the globular dilatation forming the beginning of a uriniferous tubule within the kidney, and surrounding the glomerulus.", "At the middle of this indentation a tube called the ureter leaves the kidney, and nerves, and blood and lymph vessels also lead in and out of the kidney. Each kidney is covered by three layers made out of fat or connective tissue, the so-called kidney capsule (or renal capsule). These layers give the kidney extra stability, protect it from external harm and anchor it in the surrounding tissue. The kidney is surrounded by a thin outer renal cortex. ", "The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule relates to the other layers in the following order (moving from innermost to outermost): 1 renal medulla. 2 renal cortex. 3 renal capsule.", "A tough, fibrous, connective tissue renal capsule closely envelopes each kidney and provides support for the soft tissue that is inside. In the adult, each kidney is approximately 3 cm thick, 6 cm wide, and 12 cm long. It is roughly bean-shaped with an indentation, called the hilum, on the medial side. The cortex and medulla make up the parenchyma, or functional tissue, of the kidney. The central region of the kidney contains the renal pelvis, which is located in the renal sinus, and is continuous with the ureter.", "the layer of white fibers between the putamen and claustrum. fibrous renal capsule. the connective tissue investment of the kidney, which continues through the hilus to line the renal sinus. Glisson's capsule. a sheath of connective tissue accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels within the liver. glomerular capsule. the globular dilatation forming the beginning of a uriniferous tubule within the kidney, and surrounding the glomerulus.", "The renal capsule is a thin yet tough layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each of the two kidneys. The primary components of this tissue are the proteins elastin and collagen. A dialysis machine, which is used for those with renal failure. A diagram of a kidney, including the renal capsule in pink. Long-term use of illicit drugs may cause kidney health to become compromised.", "The renal tubule carries urine from the glomerular capsule to the renal pelvis. 1 The curvy first section of the renal tubule is known as the proximal convoluted tubule. 2 The tubule cells that line the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb much of the water and nutrients initially filtered into the urine. Aldosterone stimulates the cells of the kidney to increase their reabsorption of sodium and water to maintain blood volume and pressure. Hormones. The kidneys maintain a small but important endocrine function by producing the hormones calcitriol and erythropoietin. 1 Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D in the body.", "While this membrane is made of tough fibers, it is a rather thin covering. This tissue is covered with a layer of fatty tissue known as perinephric adipose tissue. The fatty tissue covering the renal capsule helps to cushion the kidney and provide shock resistance during movement. This is of significant importance because the kidneys do have a limited amount of space in which to move around within the body. A dialysis machine, which is used for those with renal failure. A diagram of a kidney, including the renal capsule in pink. Long-term use of illicit drugs may cause kidney health to become compromised.", "This means they are retroperitoneal. Each kidney is held in place by connective tissue, called renal fascia, and is surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue, called perirenal fat, which helps to protect it. The cortex and medulla make up the parenchyma, or functional tissue, of the kidney. The central region of the kidney contains the renal pelvis, which is located in the renal sinus, and is continuous with the ureter." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fibrous+renal+capsule", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fibrous+renal+capsule", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022152/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_capsule", "http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/kidney.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fibrous+renal+capsule", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-renal-capsule.htm", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_urinov/dige05-new.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-renal-capsule.htm", "http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/kidney.html" ] }

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[ "Lyme disease is an infection." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "They are arachnids, not insects. There are hundreds of different kinds of ticks in the world. Many of them carry bacteria, viruses or other pathogens that cause disease in humans and/or animals. In the midwestern and eastern United States, Ixodes scapularis or deer tick is the primary vector of Lyme disease. A tick is uniquely suited to carry and spread Lyme disease. Spirochetes have co-evolved with ticks over millions of years. Tick saliva contains immune suppressors that help disseminate the bacteria throughout the host’s body.", "In the United States, some ticks carry pathogens that can cause human disease, including: 1 Anaplasmosis is transmitted to humans by tick bites primarily from the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern and upper midwestern U.S. and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) along the Pacific coast. 1 Lyme disease is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern U.S. and upper midwestern U.S. and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) along the Pacific coast. 2 Powassan disease is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the groundhog tick (Ixodes cookei).", "Lyme disease is an infection that is transmitted through the bite of a tick infected with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. Ticks typically get the bacterium by biting infected animals, like deer and mice. Most people who get tick bites do not get Lyme disease. ", "Ticks have become quite abundant in many parts of Vermont. Thirteen different tick species have been identified in Vermont, but only four are known to carry pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause disease in humans. The deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) is also known as the black-legged tick. These ticks may transmit the organisms that cause anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Powassan virus and Lyme disease. Ticks acquire these organisms by feeding on infected small animals, and then spread disease to other mammals while taking a blood meal.", "A new tick borne illness that is similar to Lyme disease, with symptoms including fever and muscle pain, are being reported among people in the U.S. for the first time this year. The bacteria, called Borrelia miyamotoi is relatively new and is one of five newly identified diseases spread by deer ticks. ", "1 Borrelia miyamotoi infection has recently been described as a cause of illness in the U.S. It is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and has a range similar to that of Lyme disease. 2 Colorado tick fever is caused by a virus transmitted by the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni). 1 Lyme disease is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern U.S. and upper midwestern U.S. and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) along the Pacific coast. 2 Powassan disease is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the groundhog tick (Ixodes cookei).", "Fact: There are a number of types of ticks, but only blacklegged ticks (commonly called deer ticks) carry the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). One such problematic insect is the tick, and its most commonly associated illness, Lyme disease. There were nearly 30,000 confirmed cases of the tick-borne disease in 2009, and rates are on the rise in northern states, according to recent research.", "Only deer ticks can carry the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. They can also carry the germs that cause babesiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Young deer ticks, called nymphs, are brown and the size of poppy seeds. Adult female deer ticks are red and black, while males are black. If you find a tick attached to your skin, remove the tick with tweezers (see tick removal instructions on page 6), and watch for the symptoms of Lyme disease. In 60-80% of cases the first symptom is a rash, known as erythema migrans, that: 1 Occurs at or near the site of the tick bite.", "The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and local health departments continue to investigate the spread of Lyme disease throughout New York State. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the bite of an infected deer tick. Untreated, the disease can cause a number of health problems. Patients treated with antibiotics in the early stage of the infection usually recover rapidly and completely. " ], "url": [ "https://www.lymedisease.org/lyme-basics/ticks/about-ticks/", "http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/diseases/index.html", "http://www.webmd.com/arthritis/ss/slideshow-lyme-disease", "http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/zoonotic/tickborne/ticks.aspx", "http://healthland.time.com/2013/07/19/theres-a-new-disease-spread-by-ticks-and-its-not-lyme/", "http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/diseases/index.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/20/lyme-disease-myths-facts_n_3287872.html", "https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2813/", "https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/lyme/" ] }

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[ "2 to 4 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Well, I've had my nose pierced for about 6 months. It didn't take long for my nose to heal. two weeks after I got it pierced I could take it out overnight. Then in about … three or four weeks I could take it out for a couple of days at a time.", "We have all along been saying that you shouldn’t remove your piercing during the healing time to not only avoid infections but also to avoid close up especially given the fact that a piercing on the nose of less than four weeks closes up in less that 24 hours if the ring or stud is removed.", "Nostril piercings tend to close down very quickly. The inside of the piercing is a mucus membrane, which usually will not stay open without jewelry in it. We have seen ful … ly healed (1+ years) nostril piercings shrink down within 10 minutes.", "Well the piercing needs to heal, this can take up to a year for a piercing to become seasoned (this is when you can remove the jewellery for a few hours and not have an issue … putting it back in). Average heal time can vary from piercing to piercing from 4~6 weeks for some and other a lot longer. Light heals are not considered healed and can be damaged by removing the jewellery too soon. Nostril piercings can take 6 months to 1 year to heal completely, and a septum piercing usually takes about 3 months.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: I've had my nose pierced for 13 years & if I take mine out for like 6 hours its tight putting it back in, but it depends too on what gauge you wear.I think you will be totally fine for a couple hours.", "As we have said the time frame for a newly pierced nose to completely heal varies from 2 to 4 months for nostril piercing and 6 to 8 months for septum piercings. Swelling and other symptoms that appear immediately after the piercing is done however normally go away in 10 to 15 days.", "Well, I've had my nose pierced for about 6 months. It didn't take long for my nose to heal. two weeks after I got it pierced I could take it out overnight. Then in about … three or four weeks I could take it out for a couple of days at a time.", "Nostril piercings tend to close down very quickly. The inside of the piercing is a mucus membrane, which usually will not stay open without jewelry in it. We have seen fully healed (1+ years) nostril piercings shrink down within 10 minutes. For this reason, we suggest you always keep jewelry in your nostril piercing." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_nose_piercings_to_close", "http://www.beautyhows.com/nose/nose-piercing/nose-piercing-healing-time-close-up-after-healing-how-long-nostril/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_nose_piercings_to_close", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_a_nose_piercing_to_close", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070703223116AAHCxSF", "http://www.beautyhows.com/nose/nose-piercing/nose-piercing-healing-time-close-up-after-healing-how-long-nostril/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_a_nose_piercing_to_close", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_a_nose_piercing_to_close" ] }

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[ "Pelagic Zone. That part of a lake, sea, or ocean that is the habitat of pelagic organisms—plankton, necton, and pleuston." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The benthic zone is the area below the pelagic zone, but does not include the very deepest parts of the ocean (see abyssal zone below). The bottom of the zone consists of sand, slit, and/or dead organisms. Note: The word kai refers to the ocean and all its parts. Unlike the science point of view where the divisions of the ocean are due to the penetration of light, the Hawaiians division of the ocean depended on the life forms in the depths of the ocean.", "The Pelagic Zone. The word pelagic is derived from the Greek work pelagos, pélagos meaning open. Ocean it is the name for oceanic water not in direct contact with a shore or the. Bottom it is by far the largest aquatic biome terms of, volume but in comparison to many of the other, biomes it is a. desert The pelagic zone is further divided up into vertical sub-zones as seen in the image below. This biome vertically joins with the Deep Sea biome once the illuminated surface layers are passed. For more information on the deeper pelagic waters, please also visit our deep sea biome page.", "pelagic adj 1 of or relating to the open sea pelagic whaling 2 (of marine life) living or occurring in the upper waters of open sea 3 (of geological formations) derived from material that has fallen to the bottom from the upper waters of the sea (C17: from Latin pelagicus, from pelagus, from Greek pelagos sea). pelagic. 2 (of marine life) living or occurring in the upper waters of open sea. 3 (of geological formations) derived from material that has fallen to the bottom from the upper waters of the sea. (C17: from Latin pelagicus, from pelagus, from Greek pelagos sea). English Collins Dictionary-English Definition & Thesaurus &nbsp.", "Pelagic Zone. that part of a lake, sea, or ocean that is the habitat of pelagic organisms—plankton, necton, and pleuston. The pelagic zone is opposed to the benthic zone, that is, the bottom of the body of water, which is inhabited by benthos. In oceans and seas, the pelagic zone is divided horizontally into two regions: the neritic (water above the shelf) and the oceanic (all the remaining water). ", "Marine Zone: are divisions of the ocean. Oceanographers divide the ocean into two basic parts; the pelagic or open ocean, and the benthic or sea floor. The pelagic is divided into five broad zones according to how far down sunlight penetrates: Note: The word kai refers to the ocean and all its parts. Unlike the science point of view where the divisions of the ocean are due to the penetration of light, the Hawaiians division of the ocean depended on the life forms in the depth", "The word pelagic is derived from Greek πέλαγος (pelagos) , pélagos meaning open. Sea the pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the. bottom The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea. It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers. Marine organisms living in this zone, such as clams and crabs, are called benthos.", "The pelagic zone includes those waters further from the land, basically the open ocean. The pelagic zone is generally cold though it is hard to give a general temperature range since, just like ponds and lakes, there is thermal stratification with a constant mixing of warm and cold ocean currents. Note: The word kai refers to the ocean and all its parts. Unlike the science point of view where the divisions of the ocean are due to the penetration of light, the Hawaiians division of the ocean depended on the life forms in the depths of the ocean.", "1 Animals There are five main types of animals that live in the Ocean Pelagic Zone: • Birds • Invertebrates • Mammals • Fish • Reptiles. 2 15. 3 Pelagic Birds Pelagic birds are birds that live on the open sea rather than land or waters close to land. 4 These birds feed on crustaceans, forage fish, and squid. 1 Ocean Pelagic Zone The Ocean Pelagic Zone, sometimes referred to as the Open Ocean Zone, is comprised of nearly the entire ocean beyond the costal region. 2 The word pelagic comes from the Greek word pelagos, pélagos meaning open. sea", "The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom. Conditions differ deeper in the water column; the pressure increases, the temperature drops and less light penetrates. The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea. It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers. Marine organisms living in this zone, such as clams and crabs, are called bentho" ], "url": [ "http://www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/sciencedictionary/M/marinezone.php", "http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/pelagic-biome/", "http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/pelagic%20zone", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/pelagic+zone", "http://www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/sciencedictionary/M/marinezone.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone", "http://www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/sciencedictionary/M/marinezone.php", "http://www.slideshare.net/hbasham1/oceanic-pelagic-zone-biology-biome-project", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Short-sightedness. Someone with short-sightedness can see near objects clearly, but cannot focus properly on distant objects. This is caused by the eyeball being elongated, so that the distance between the lens and the retina is too great.", "Myopia-Short Sighted. Myopia is the term used to define short sightedness. Light from a distant object forms an image before it reaches the retina. This could be because the eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too strong.", "As mentioned earlier in Lesson 6, the lens of the eye assumes a large curvature (short focal length) to bring nearby objects into focus and a flatter shape (long focal length) to bring a distant object into focus. Unfortunately, the eye's inability a wide variance in focal length leads to a variety of vision defects.", "The eye contains a lens that bends light rays so that they meet exactly on a part of the eye known as the retina. The shape of the lens changes to allow the eye to see objects at different distances. If the lens does not bend light rays properly, the result is nearsightedness or farsightedness.", "Light from an object passes through the cornea which is a transparent dome like structure covering the iris. The light rays are refracted by the cornea onto the lens. The light rays are refracted a second time whilst passing through the lens and focussed onto the retina – the light sensitive part of the eye. The image formed on the retina is inverted (upside down) and real (the light rays travel through the image).", "Despite maximum flattening of the lens, the eye is not able to focus the light rays further back, and on to the retina. People with short sight are not able to see distant objects clearly. Short sight or near sight mean exactly what the terms suggest. You are sighted (you can see), near (short) distance objects.", "As mentioned earlier in Lesson 6, the lens of the eye assumes a large curvature (short focal length) to bring nearby objects into focus and a flatter shape (long focal length) to bring a distant object into focus." ], "url": [ "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/ourselves/3_keeping_in_touch7.shtml", "http://www.visionexpress.com/eye-health/eye-conditions/myopia-hypermetropia/", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-6/Nearsightedness-and-its-Correction", "http://kids.britannica.com/eb/art-89155/A-convex-lens-makes-objects-look-larger-and-farther-away", "http://passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/use-of-lenses-for-correcting-vision-eyesight.html", "http://patient.info/health/short-sight-myopia", "http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-6/Farsightedness-and-its-Correction" ] }

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[ "collect unwanted scrap metals of all kinds and offer junked cars removal, towing services and wrecked car removal" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cash for Scrap Metal and Scrap Copper. Frog Metals offer competitive prices for all your metal scrap and scrap copper ! Transport your scrap metal and copper to our yard and you can be paid on the spot for your recyclable items to our depot. Examples of the kinds of scrap metal we buy and recycle. 1 Electrical cabling and copper wiring. 2 Soft metal or aluminium extrusion and aluminium cans.", "About us. Brisbane Scrap Metal is an emerging scrap metals buyer in Brisbane, QLD. We offer the best scrap metal prices in the country! We collect unwanted scrap metals of all kinds and offer junked cars removal, towing services and wrecked car removal. As a scrap metal buyer in Brisbane, our principles are based on our belief that recycling is the best way to preserve the environment.", "You may be searching for Scrap Metal Prices per kg in Brisbane for a number of reasons, you may be a scrap yard in Brisbane checking out your oppositions prices or you may be one of the thousands of people wanting to cash in on your scrap metal and you simply want the best prices for it.", "Metal recycling in Brisbane has never been easier than with Metal Biz. We’ll take all your unwanted metals and pay you cash for scrap metal, all over the Brisbane area – see the map below. Whether it’s to recycle your aluminium, brass, copper, steel, or iron – whatever the scrap metal, we’ll pay cash.", "METAL PROCESSING. Metal recycling in Brisbane has never been easier than with Auto Metal. We’ll take all your unwanted metals and pay you cash for scrap metal, all over the Brisbane area – see the map below. Whether it’s to recycle your aluminium, brass, copper, steel, or iron – whatever the scrap metal, we’ll pay cash." ], "url": [ "http://frogmetals.com.au/scrap-metal-prices-brisbane/", "http://brisbanescrapmetal.com.au/about-us/", "http://www.scrapmetalpricesperkgaustralia.com/scrap-metal-prices-per-kg-brisbane.php", "http://www.metalbiz.com.au/scrap-metal/", "https://www.autometal.com.au/" ] }

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[ "Fraternities are traditionally represented by two or three letters from the Greek alphabet and those letters' respective symbols.The origins of this tradition date back to the eighteenth century, when the first fraternity formed in Williamsburg, Virginia.xceptions. While most fraternities have continued the tradition of Greek-letter names, there are exceptions." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Polytonic orthography, which is used for Ancient Greek and sometimes for Modern Greek, has many diacritics, such as accent marks for pitch accent, the breathing marks for the presence and absence of the /h/ sound, and the iota subscript for the historical /i/ sound. Apart from its use in writing the Greek language, in both its ancient and its modern forms, the Greek alphabet today also serves as a source of technical symbols and labels in many domains of mathematics, science and other fields.", "The origin of Greek letters can be traced back to the first fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. It is important to understand that the Greek writing system and philosophies has connections to Africa, particularly Egypt. For the Greeks went to Africa and stole the writings, philosophies, and lifestyles of the Egyptians. Formally the Greek organizations above aren't brother/sister or frat/soror. But each hold a mutual alliance to each other. Phi-Skee & Skee-Phi are terms used by the Alpha's and AKA's to represent their bond of being the first Black Greek Fraternity & Sorority respectively.", "Fraternity symbol The symbol of Alpha Phi is the ivy leaf with the new member badge taking its form. Fraternity constellation The Fraternity constellation is Ursa Major, the Great Bear. This symbol can be seen on the Alpha Phi crest and is displayed on the ceiling of the Alpha Phi Executive Office in Evanston, Illinois. Alpha Phi was the first women's organization to use Greek letters as an emblem. Originally there was no standard badge. Until 1906 when the current badge was adopted, each member went to the jeweler of her choice to have her pin designed. Most chose similar designs using the lazy Phi, a Phi symbol turned on its side.", "The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the 8th century BC. It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. Apart from its use in writing the Greek language, in both its ancient and its modern forms, the Greek alphabet today also serves as a source of technical symbols and labels in many domains of mathematics, science and other fields.", "Share the Symbols on this page: Tweet Minotaur is Greek for Bull of Minos.. The bull was known in Crete as Asterion, a name shared with Minos's foster father. Labrys is the term for a doubleheaded axe, known to the Classical Greeks as pelekys or sagaris, and to the Romans as a bipennis. ", "Sorority Symbolism. Sorority life has a rich history of employing Greek letters and symbolism to articulate the values important to each individual sisterhood. In the same way that every young woman is unique, every sorority is unique as well. While Greek letters identify a young woman’s association with a particular sorority, symbols speak to the reasons she joined said sorority by representing ideas and values cherished by the sisterhood she chose for herself. The most important symbol of Pi Phi is the arrow. The wine carnation is the sorority’s chosen flower. Every part of the blossom represents an element of the organization. Wine and silver blue are the sisterhood’s colors.", "Although there are some exceptions to the rule, fraternities are traditionally represented by two or three letters from the Greek alphabet and those letters' respective symbols. The origins of this tradition date back to the eighteenth century, when the first fraternity formed in Williamsburg, Virginia. Exceptions. While most fraternities have continued the tradition of Greek-letter names, there are exceptions. A number of secret societies and organizations that only accept elite members have names chosen based on the symbols that represent the organization.", "Alpha Phi. The official badge of Alpha Phi is an unjeweled monogram of gold, showing the symbol of Alpha superimposed upon the symbol of Phi. Inscribed in black on the symbol Phi are the letters a, o, e. The meaning of these letters is reserved for the initiation ceremony. ", "Fraternities and sororities in North America are social organizations at universities in the United States and Canada. There are also fraternities and sororities in the Philippines structured along the lines of the North American tradition, as well as a small number in the United Kingdom. The first fraternity in North America to incorporate most of the elements of modern fraternities was Phi Beta Kappa, founded at the College of William and Mary in 1775." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_symbols", "http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~nphc/bglos.html", "http://www.alphaphi.org/aboutus/fastfacts/symbols", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_symbols", "http://ancient-symbols.com/greek_symbols.html", "http://www.campus-classics.com/sorority-symbolism/", "http://education.seattlepi.com/meaning-behind-college-fraternity-names-1356.html", "http://www.the-symbols.net/sorority/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" ] }

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[ "A levee is a type of dam that runs along the banks of a river or canal.A natural levee is formed when sediment settles on the river bank, raising the level of the land around the river. To construct a man-made levee, workers pile dirt or concrete along the river banks, creating an embankment." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A levee is typically little more than a mound of less permeable soil, like clay, wider at the base and narrower at the top. These mounds run in a long strip, sometimes for many miles, along a river, lake or ocean. Levees along the Mississippi River may range from 10 to 20 feet (3 to 7 meters) tall. In Holland, they can top 30 feet (10 meters). But there's no set height for levees. Their measurements vary according to the storms the area receives, even if those storms occur only once every hundred or thousand years.", "Prominent levee systems have been built along the Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhone, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. The main purpose of artificial levees is to prevent flooding of the adjoining countryside and to slow natural course changes in a waterway to provide reliable shipping lanes for maritime commerce over time; they also confine the flow of the river, resulting in higher and faster water flow.", "These levees were formed naturally by the Mississippi's fluvial processes and tended to be no more than a meter or two in height. Building up these natural levees was the first solution to the flooding problem. In 1717, the first manmade levee system was started by Bienville, the founder of the city of New Oreans. The construction of the first levees, which reached only three feet in height, was completed in 1727. After that, it was left to private interests to extend the levees.", "Natural levees commonly form around lowland rivers and creeks without human intervention. They are elongate ridges of mud and/or silt that form on the river floodplains immediately adjacent to the cut banks. The main purpose of artificial levees is to prevent flooding of the adjoining countryside and to slow natural course changes in a waterway to provide reliable shipping lanes for maritime commerce over time; they also confine the flow of the river, resulting in higher and faster water flow.", "Like artificial levees, they act to reduce the likelihood of floodplain inundation. Deposition of levees is a natural consequence of the flooding of meandering rivers which carry high proportions of suspended sediment in the form of fine sands, silts, and muds. The main purpose of artificial levees is to prevent flooding of the adjoining countryside and to slow natural course changes in a waterway to provide reliable shipping lanes for maritime commerce over time; they also confine the flow of the river, resulting in higher and faster water flow.", "A levee is an embankment that helps protect the land from a floodplain. A levee is formed when floodwater deposits material on the banks of a river, which builds up over time … . The embankment slowly erodes away which is making rivers and streams wider and it can sometimes create a v-shaped valley. 15 people found this useful.", "A natural levee is formed when a river floods over the bank and deposits sediment and this causes the banks to be higher than the flood plain. A levee is formed when floodwater deposits material on the banks of a river, which builds up over time … . The embankment slowly erodes away which is making rivers and streams wider and it can sometimes create a v-shaped valley. 15 people found this useful.", "A natural levee is formed when a river floods over the bank and deposits sediment and this causes the banks to be higher than the flood plain. A manmade levee is … formed by piling dirt and rocks, wider at the base and tapering to the top. A levee works by redirecting water and flooding away from a certain area. The levee is similar to a wall placed in the path of the water. There does need to be another pla … ce for the flood waters to go, if too much pressure is built up then levees can fail.", "A levee is a type of dam that runs along the banks of a river or canal. Levees reinforce the banks and help prevent flooding. By confining the flow, levees can also increase the speed of the water. Levees can be natural or man-made. A natural levee is formed when sediment settles on the river bank, raising the level of the land around the river. To construct a man-made levee, workers pile dirt or concrete along the river banks, creating an embankment. This embankment is flat at the top, and slopes at an angle down to the water" ], "url": [ "http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/levee.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee", "http://www.tulane.edu/~bfleury/envirobio/enviroweb/FloodControl.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_a_levee_formed", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_a_levee_formed", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_natural_levees_form", "http://architecture.about.com/od/damsresevoirs/g/levee.htm" ] }

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[ "No", "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The ratio of the activity of the SLRDs to the activity of the radon gas is called the Equilibration Ratio (ER). Equilibrium usually occurs in about three to four hours. When an individual receives a dose of one WL in 170 hours (a miner's month), the exposure then becomes called a working level month or WLM. Radon and Health When radon decays, it too produces a decay chain, with its own daughters. During its decay, it releases a large atomic alpha particle and the atom is transmuted into polonium. An alpha particle is essentially an helium atom stripped of its electrons.", "Radon Entry into Buildings Most soil gas reaching the surface is quickly diluted by the surrounding air. In the event that a structure is built in or on top of the soil, the dilution of the radon does not take place as quickly, and the radon in the structure may accumulate. Radon and Health When radon decays, it too produces a decay chain, with its own daughters. During its decay, it releases a large atomic alpha particle and the atom is transmuted into polonium. An alpha particle is essentially an helium atom stripped of its electrons.", "Radon is a radioactive element formed by the disintegration of radium. It is the heaviest of the noble gases, and therefore builds up in the lowest levels of the house. It occurs naturally, especially in areas over granite. If vented to the outdoors, where it can be scattered by the wind, it is relatively harmless. Homebuyers often request radon tests, sometimes to be paid by the seller. The test may be required as part of the purchase contract to protect the homebuyer. Sometimes a conflict of interest can arise, where the team that would do the remediation is also the team that does the testing.", "Although you may still occasionally hear remarks such as “radon is a hoax!” or “some radon is good for you,” there is no scientific doubt that exposure to high radon levels can cause lung cancer. ", "Also featured prominently on the EPA’s website is a 2005 statement from the Surgeon General that states, “Indoor radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the United States… It’s important to know that this threat is completely preventable.”. While the EPA crows that radon is the second-leading cause of cancer and that thousands die each year from radon, it is virtually impossible to tell whether radon or exposure to tobacco caused lung cancer! And from these fabrications sprung countless regulations, bureaucrats, businesses, inspectors and agencies.", "That is a radon concentration expressed in pCi/l derived from WLs in risk estimates are not the same as radon concentrations expressed in pCi/l when measured by a home inspector or other radon mitigation service. Equilibrium is said to have been reached when the maximum concentration of SLRDs has been reached. Radon and Health When radon decays, it too produces a decay chain, with its own daughters. During its decay, it releases a large atomic alpha particle and the atom is transmuted into polonium. An alpha particle is essentially an helium atom stripped of its electrons.", "Radon gas is an imaginary risk at best. Remember what the EPA is doing for you, and your family. Says the EPA, the cost of sealing a home from radon gas buildup generally ranges from $800 to $2,500 (with an average cost of $1,200). Oddly, while some studies report a link between radon and lung cancer, there was no association for lung cancer among houses located near uranium or radium processing waste sites. At best, the association between radon gas and lung cancer is considered weak. [13]. How radon gas gets in your home.", "Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is emitted from soils and rocks and is in some water sources. The EPA promotes radon monitoring and sealing of homes to prevent an indoor radon gas hazard. The range of radon gas in US homes varies by a factor of over 1000. Oddly, while some studies report a link between radon and lung cancer, there was no association for lung cancer among houses located near uranium or radium processing waste sites. At best, the association between radon gas and lung cancer is considered weak. [13]. How radon gas gets in your home.", "Typically, when we speak of radon, we are speaking of radon 222 which has an half life of 3.8 days. This means that if a volume of radon is sealed into a container and left on its own, half of the radon will decay into SLRDs and be gone in four days. Radon and Health When radon decays, it too produces a decay chain, with its own daughters. During its decay, it releases a large atomic alpha particle and the atom is transmuted into polonium. An alpha particle is essentially an helium atom stripped of its electrons.", "Look what the EPA is doing to protect your home from radon gas. Before you run down and have your home checked for radon gas, you might want to explore this topic a bit more, as I did. The EPA offers a videotape about radon, has various publications about radon for homeowners. Oddly, while some studies report a link between radon and lung cancer, there was no association for lung cancer among houses located near uranium or radium processing waste sites. At best, the association between radon gas and lung cancer is considered weak. [13]. How radon gas gets in your home." ], "url": [ "http://www.forensic-applications.com/radon/radon.html", "http://www.forensic-applications.com/radon/radon.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5439427_radon-testing-scam.html", "https://radon-ohio.com/mitigation-systems/", "http://hotair.com/greenroom/archives/2009/12/13/the-epas-other-hockey-stick-the-radon-scam/", "http://www.forensic-applications.com/radon/radon.html", "https://www.lewrockwell.com/2003/11/bill-sardi/the-radon-fraud/", "https://www.lewrockwell.com/2003/11/bill-sardi/the-radon-fraud/", "http://www.forensic-applications.com/radon/radon.html", "https://www.lewrockwell.com/2003/11/bill-sardi/the-radon-fraud/" ] }

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[ "Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms.Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management in any business. ", "A property manager is responsible for the maintenance and management of a physical building or property. There are two types of managers: residential and commercial. The specific tasks required in these two types of roles are different, but the overall position requirements are the same. ", "Most property management companies will provide a variety of services, depending on what you want and need. For example, a property management company will show the property to prospective tenants and obtain a signed lease. ", "Property Management Services-A Complete List. Tweet. The following is a list of the tasks property managers commonly perform for owners. You may only need some of these property management services, and the property management companies you interview may offer more or less than what is listed here. ", "Essentially, property management services provide all of the needed functions to run a property or real estate portfolio without involving the owner. This allows owners to completely hand over the responsibilities of owning a rental property, while still maintaining the financial benefits of the investment. A local property manager can keep an eye on your rental property to make sure that the tenants are taking good care of it. Local property managers tend to find problems sooner and correct them more efficiently.", "Yes. Generally, property managers and real estate managers handle the financial operations of the property, ensuring that rent is collected and that mortgages, taxes, insurance premiums, payroll, and maintenance bills are paid on time. A local property manager can keep an eye on your rental property to make sure that the tenants are taking good care of it. Local property managers tend to find problems sooner and correct them more efficiently.", "Many landlords manage properties on their own or with the help of an employee, such as a resident manager. But sometimes landlords need more help, and that's when a property management company might make sense. If you are hiring an individual resident manager, protect your rental property and the manager by using Nolo's Residential Rental Property Manager Agreement. If you decide to hire a property management company, use caution in selecting one. Here's how: 1 Get recommendations from colleagues and your local apartment association. 2 Search professional directories on the Internet.", "Plus, a good management company brings its know-how and experience to your property, giving you the peace of mind that comes with knowing your investment is in good hands. Finally, a management company is an independent contractor, so you avoid the hassles of being an employer. If you decide to hire a property management company, use caution in selecting one. Here's how: 1 Get recommendations from colleagues and your local apartment association. 2 Search professional directories on the Internet.", "If you lack the time or expertise needed for day-to-day management of your commercial or residential real estate investments, an expert property manager can help you. A property management company can help you: In short, property managers help you make the most from your rental property and they can save you time. Yes. A local property manager can keep an eye on your rental property to make sure that the tenants are taking good care of it. Local property managers tend to find problems sooner and correct them more efficiently.", "The services provided by a property manager or property management company are broad and diverse. Many companies offer both full service options and partial or a la carte property management service depending on what a property or owner requires. A local property manager can keep an eye on your rental property to make sure that the tenants are taking good care of it. Local property managers tend to find problems sooner and correct them more efficiently." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_management", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-does-a-property-manager-do.htm", "http://www.landlordstation.com/info/what-does-a-property-management-company-do.html", "http://www.managemyproperty.com/articles/property-management-services-a-complete-list-7", "http://www.allpropertymanagement.com/faq/what-do-property-managers-or-real-estate-managers-do_c2.html", "http://www.allpropertymanagement.com/faq/what-do-property-managers-or-real-estate-managers-do_c2.html", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/landlord-hire-property-management-company-29885.html", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/landlord-hire-property-management-company-29885.html", "http://www.allpropertymanagement.com/faq/what-do-property-managers-or-real-estate-managers-do_c2.html", "http://www.allpropertymanagement.com/faq/what-do-property-managers-or-real-estate-managers-do_c2.html" ] }

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[ "A paralegal is an individual, qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "State regulations define a paralegal’s scope of practice. In nearly all states, paralegals must work under the direct supervision of an attorney. Paralegals must uphold standards of ethics and confidentiality. They may not offer legal opinions or legal advice, represent clients in court, accept new clients into the practice or set legal fees. A person qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.", "A paralegal is protected under the conduit theory, which means he or she is working as an enhancement of an attorney and what he or she does is due to instruction by the attorney and the attorney is ultimately responsible. Paralegals often have taken a prescribed series of courses in law and legal processes. The role that a paralegal has in the United States is similar to the role of a law clerk or legal assistant in Ontario. Many paralegals in Ontario work in the areas of permitted practice for paralegals and also work alongside lawyers in areas of practice that are only permitted to be practiced by lawyers.", "#91. “Behind every great lawyer is a great paralegal” is a sentence scrawled on many a magnet and coffee mug. And there’s some truth in the saying, because paralegals aid attorneys in nearly every facet of the legal profession. From drafting motions to summarizing reports of legal precedent, a paralegal can help lighten a lawyer’s load tremendously.", "A paralegal is an individual, qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible. The role that a paralegal has in the United States is similar to the role of a law clerk or legal assistant in Ontario. Many paralegals in Ontario work in the areas of permitted practice for paralegals and also work alongside lawyers in areas of practice that are only permitted to be practiced by lawyers.", "A Paralegal will usually have greater expertise, and be qualified to carry out more substantial tasks within a law firm, in some case this can be some of the same work that a lawyer would actually do, when the lawyer is absent. For this reason there is sometimes confusion when it comes to defining what one actually is. A term closely related to the term Paralegal is Legal assistant. The problem with grouping them together is, that a Paralegal is often a more qualified Legal assistant. As time has gone by the growing trend is to differentiate a Legal Assistant from a Paralegal, due to the Para-legals expertise and qualifications", "Certified Paralegal (CP) or Certified Legal Assistant (CLA) is the title of paralegals in the United States who have passed the Certified Paralegal Exam and have met additional education and experience requirements for certification as a CP or CLA. To become a Certified Paralegal in the United States, the candidate voluntarily passes the Certified Paralegal Exam (CP Exam). The Certified Paralegal program established in 1976 is administered by the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA).", "The American Bar Association (ABA) defines a paralegal as: A person qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.", "A Paralegal is a person qualified through education and training to perform substantive legal work that requires knowledge of the law and procedures and who is not a qualified solicitor or barrister. Being a law graduate does not mean you can perform Paralegal work. Graduating with a Law Degree or attaining the LPC does not necessarily mean a person is qualified to do paralegal work. Further training is required to gain knowledge of the practical side of the profession.", "A paralegal, like a lawyer, can be employed by a law office or work freelance at a company or law office. Paralegals are not allowed to offer legal services directly to the public on their own and must perform their legal work under an attorney or law firm (except in Ontario Canada). The role that a paralegal has in the United States is similar to the role of a law clerk or legal assistant in Ontario. Many paralegals in Ontario work in the areas of permitted practice for paralegals and also work alongside lawyers in areas of practice that are only permitted to be practiced by lawyers." ], "url": [ "http://www.paralegaledu.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralegal", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/paralegal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralegal", "http://www.whatisaparalegalsite.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_Paralegal", "http://www.paralegaledu.org/", "http://www.nationalparalegals.co.uk/what_is_a_paralegal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralegal" ] }

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[ "Sub-Saharan Africa(south of the Saharan Desert)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) historically lived throughout Africa, the Middle East, and Southern Asia. However, most of the remaining wild cheetah populations are located in sub-Saharan Africa (south of the Saharan Desert) with some smaller populations in Northern Africa and one isolated population still living in Iran. The largest remaining African Cheetah population is located in the region of Namibia and Botswana (Southern Africa), while the second largest population survives in Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa). Battle of the Brains. This question is part of the Battle of the Brains, a multiple choice learning game.", "Protection status: Vulnerable. Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: The cheetah is the world's fastest land mammal. With acceleration that would leave most automobiles in the dust, a cheetah can go from 0 to 60 miles (96 kilometers) an hour in only three seconds. ", "Although cheetahs are widely distributed throughout Africa, but the largest concentration occurs in the eastern and southern Africa specifically in Tanzania, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and South West Africa. Around 300 to 500 cheetahs inhabit Sahara, principally in Niger, Chad, and Mali. The primitive cheetahs were known to live in Asia and occupied all the major habitats of the world. According to the fossils some two to four hundred million years ago a giant cheetah named Acinonyx pardinensis lived all across Europe. The weight of the cat was measured at 200 pounds.", "Cheetah's are predominantly found in the jungles of Africa and India. The Asiatic cheetah can be found in India, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan etc. The African cheetah is found in countries like Kenya, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe etc. numbers wise, the African species is more populous than its Indian cousin. Is the cheetah the fastest animal in the world? not really.On land,cheetahs can run 60-70mph(97-113 km/h)and is the fastest land animal.When diving and swooping,the peregrine falcon is the fastest.It can reach up to speeds … of about 240km/h.", "Known for being the world’s fastest land animal, the cheetah is a large feline that can run up to 75 miles per hour in short bursts to cover distances up to 1,600 feet and accelerate to over 60 miles per hour within just three seconds! Since the animals can reach top speeds in no time, cheetahs have a slender body frame that is both lightweight and aerodynamic. Averaging a shoulder height of 30 inches, most cheetahs are between 110 to 140 pounds on their small stature.", "Cheetah. Cheetahs are found in sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Iran. Reaching speeds of over 100kph (almost 65mph) they are the fastest animals on land, easily capable of outrunning any other animal over short distances.", "Here, however, I discuss the location of that habitat. A bit of history first. The cheetah was found in Europe (believe it or not), Asia, Africa and North America (also rather hard to believe). About 400 years ago it was found in India (west and central India). It also occupied countries of the Middle East: Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. It is hard to visualize the cheetah geographic range including some of these countries now. ", "Where Do Cheetahs Live in the World. There was a time when cheetah roamed all across Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe. Besides, they were fairly common in western and central India of the Ganges predating four hundred years ago. The primitive cheetahs were known to live in Asia and occupied all the major habitats of the world. According to the fossils some two to four hundred million years ago a giant cheetah named Acinonyx pardinensis lived all across Europe. The weight of the cat was measured at 200 pounds." ], "url": [ "http://www.bigcats.com/quiz.php?id=0000000012", "http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/cheetah/", "http://animalstime.com/where-do-cheetahs-live-in-the-world/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_in_the_world_is_the_cheetah_found_in", "http://www.conservationinstitute.org/cheetah-facts/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Cheetah", "http://pictures-of-cats.org/Where-Do-Cheetahs-Live.html", "http://animalstime.com/where-do-cheetahs-live-in-the-world/" ] }

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[ "1 Pediculus humans capitis (head louse), \n2 Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse, clothes louse), and \n3 Pthirus pubis (crab louse, pubic louse)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Lice that are found on the body are different from lice found on the head or on the pubic area. Infestations are generally spread by close contact with other people and are typically found in areas of poor hygiene and crowding. Other animals or pets, like dogs and cats, do not play a role in spreading human lice. An infestation of body lice occurs when a certain type of lice invade the body and clothing. Lice are parasitic insects that feed on human blood and can infest the head, body, and pubic area. There are three types of lice that infest humans: 1 head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). 2 body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis).", "A lice infestation is a population of small parasites that live on the human body. There are three types of lice: head lice, body lice, and pubic lice (or crab lice). All three forms are passed on through skin-to-skin contact and can spread quickly. Body lice can carry diseases, but head lice and pubic lice cannot. Lice infestations are classified by the body part they correspond to. Different lice are attracted to different parts of the body. The head louse attaches to hair on the head and lays eggs at the base of a strand.", "Head lice infestation (also known as pediculosis capitis, nits, or cooties) is the infection of the head hair and scalp by the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). Itching from lice bites is common. During a person's first infection, the itch may not develop for up to six weeks. Head lice are spread by direct contact with the hair of someone who is infected. The cause of head lice infestations are not related to cleanliness. Other animals, such as cats and dogs, do not play a role in transmission. Head lice feed only on human blood and are only able to survive on human head hair", "Adult head lice are roughly 2–3 mm long. Head lice infest the head and neck and attach their eggs to the base of the hair shaft. Lice move by crawling; they cannot hop or fly. Head lice infestation, or pediculosis, is spread most commonly by close person-to-person contact. Dogs, cats, and other pets do not play a role in the transmission of human lice", "The body louse is larger than other types of lice. They lay their eggs and leave waste on skin and in clothing. Lice can crawl, but they cannot fly, hop, or jump. Infestations occur worldwide and are spread via close person-to-person contact or through used bed linens, towels and clothing. An infestation of body lice occurs when a certain type of lice invade the body and clothing. Lice are parasitic insects that feed on human blood and can infest the head, body, and pubic area. There are three types of lice that infest humans: 1 head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). 2 body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis).", "Only the body louse is known to spread disease. Lice infestations (pediculosis and pthiriasis) are spread most commonly by close person-to-person contact. Dogs, cats, and other pets do not play a role in the transmission of human lice. Lice move by crawling; they cannot hop or fly. The three types of lice that live on humans are: 1 Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), 2 Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse, clothes louse), and. 3 Pthirus pubis (crab louse, pubic louse).", "Lice infestations (pediculoses) are infections of the skin, hair, or genital region caused by lice living directly on the body or in hats or other garments. Lice are small wingless insect-like parasites with sucking mouthparts that feed on human blood and lay their eggs on body hairs or in clothing. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/body-lice", "http://www.healthline.com/health/lice-infestation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_capitis", "http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/index.html", "http://www.healthline.com/health/body-lice", "http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/index.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lice+Infestation" ] }

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[ "Pega is a Business Process Management tool." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Especially this Pega testing is followed in agile model. pega is fast growing tool which makes millions of users hapy. It is a BPM tool or business process management tool which was founded by alen trefler. With the help of pega testing we test the pega applications very wisely and deliver as a defect free.It uses concept caled PRPC which is a pega rules and process commander.It uses Rules set to design the pega applications.", "1. Pega is a Business Process Management tool. It is developed on Java and uses OOP and java concepts.Visit this link:http://www.quora.com/Whats-the-use-of-pega-technology. When I have attended the Virtusa Company interview, they said that they are going to train the selected candidates on PEGA tools.", "Pega is a Business Process Management tool. It is developed on Java and uses OOP and java concepts. And the big advantage is we don't have to have to build the system from the scratch like any conventional programming. It is becoming popular because of that, though most conventional programmers would disagree.", "ANS: PEGA is one of the finest BPM Tool available today in the industry. BPM Tools helps an organization to achieve work productivity and efficiency by providing process automation.", "What PEGA provides us is a framework which is process driven; everything that we do in traditional programming such as designing user interfaces, writing business logic, applications logic, creating physical and logical mode of databases etc. we do the same thing in PEGA.", "Pega. Pega is a popular rules engine and BPM tool from Pega systems that is gaining good market share among large corporations. Architects and developers build the Pega/PRPC instance while administrators and even select business analysts have the option of changing workflow rules during runtime.", "Pega is a popular rules engine and BPM tool from Pega systems that is gaining good market share among large corporations." ], "url": [ "http://testingboss.com/pega-testing/", "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31545398/what-is-pega-tools-and-where-do-we-use-it", "http://www.coderanch.com/t/93084/java/PEGA", "http://pegainterviewquestion.blogspot.com/2015/04/what-is-pega.html", "http://pegainterviewquestion.blogspot.com/2015/04/what-is-pega.html", "http://www.train4job.com/pega.html", "http://www.train4job.com/pega.html" ] }

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[ "Either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head. An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement.", "is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head. An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement.", "Eye tracking is a powerful tool to objectively measure consumers' attention and spontaneous responses to marketing messages." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For the tendency to visually track potential prey, see eye-stalking. Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head. An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement. Eye trackers are used in research on the visual system, in psychology, in psycholinguistics, marketing, as an input device for human computer interaction, and in product design. 1 It's All in the Eye of the User: How eye tracking can help answer usability questions. 2 User Experience, Vol. 4, No. 1. 3 Chandon, Pierre, J. Wesley Hutchinson, and Scott H. Young (2001), Measuring Value of Point-of-Purchase Marketing with Commercial Eye-Tracking Data.", "Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 80 158. Schmidt, R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 67 condition that were not noticed (SR-) suggest that learners perhaps did notice many of these items at some level, but were not able to articulate this during the stimulated recall session.", "Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 64 In many cases it was necessary to create several heat maps for a single recast item to accommodate these shifts in the screen. Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 67 condition that were not noticed (SR-) suggest that learners perhaps did notice many of these items at some level, but were not able to articulate this during the stimulated recall session.", "Eye tracking data is collected using either a remote or head-mounted ‘eye tracker’ connected to a computer. While there are many different types of non-intrusive eye trackers, they generally include two common components: a light source and a camera. The light source (usually infrared) is directed toward the eye. The most common is to analyze the visual path of one or more participants across an interface such as a computer screen. Each eye data observation is translated into a set of pixel coordinates. From there, the presence or absence of eye data points in different screen areas can be examined.", "Eye tracking is a powerful tool to objectively measure consumers' attention and spontaneous responses to marketing messages. Knowing what people actually see helps advertisers optimize the design and placement of ads. Eye tracking can reveal how different elements in a TV commercial draw or drop visual attention. This research tool enables detailed refinement of an ad before money is spent on development and implementation, and it can be used to measure how viewer perception and behavior evolve during the campaign period.", "What is Eye tracking? Eye tracking is the field of monitoring what people do with their eyes – observing what people choose to look at, how their eyes move, how their visual activities behave. Eye trackers are the instruments that measure our eye behavior. They measure the directions that our eyes are pointed and predict our gaze points, i.e. the locations of the objects in space that we look at.", "8/18/20101 Designing eye tracking experiments to measure human behavior Eindhoven, The NetherlandsAugust, 2010 Ricardo MatosTobii Technology Steps involved in measuring behaviour 1. Formulate and initial question and make preliminaryobservations2. Formulate hypothesis and make predictions3. ", "Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 60 incorrect items together with them and explained those items that were incorrect. Learners were allowed to ask questions in order to clarify the nature and purpose of recasts in their minds. Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 67 condition that were not noticed (SR-) suggest that learners perhaps did notice many of these items at some level, but were not able to articulate this during the stimulated recall session.", "Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 59 calculated by the website upon completing the test and scores are immediately available to the user. Bryan Smith Eye Tracking as a Measure of Noticing: A Study of Explicit Recasts in SCMC Language Learning & Technology 67 condition that were not noticed (SR-) suggest that learners perhaps did notice many of these items at some level, but were not able to articulate this during the stimulated recall session." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_tracking", "http://llt.msu.edu/issues/october2012/smith.pdf", "http://llt.msu.edu/issues/october2012/smith.pdf", "http://www.eyetracking.com/About-Us/What-Is-Eye-Tracking", "http://www.tobiipro.com/fields-of-use/marketing-consumer-research/advertising/", "http://www.eyegaze.com/what-is-eye-tracking/", "http://www.measuringbehavior.org/files/tutorials/Tobii_MB2010_tutorial_handouts.pdf", "http://llt.msu.edu/issues/october2012/smith.pdf", "http://llt.msu.edu/issues/october2012/smith.pdf" ] }

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[ "Yes", "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Almost everywhere on the internet I see that garbanzo beans and chickpeas are the same thing. Here on Seasoned Advice I also see that the tag chickpeas comes up when you type garbanzo. The names chickpea and garbanzo are the same and interchangeable, with Garbanzo being the Spanish name. There are also several other names that would be interchangeable depending on where you are.", "Garbanzo Beans vs Chickpeas. Garbanzo beans and chickpeas are the same plant, or specifically, the same legume. Like many plants, garbanzo beans and chickpeas are just one of the various names and layman’s terms of the Cicer arietinum. Aside from preparations, another difference between the two is that the dried beans have hulls that need to be removed before using while the canned beans have their hulls removed in the factory. Summary: 1.Garbanzo beans and chickpeas are the same thing. They are both common names for a plant specie named Cicer arietinum. Because they are the same plant and entity, they share the same scientific classification, uses, types, and other identifying characteristics", "Chickpeas and garbanzo beans are the same thing. Just one warning. as I ate the entire batch by myself in one sitting: These Roasted Chickpeas are really are perfect as a little bar snack to nibble on with beer. And I emphasize nibble and little. Make sure that the beans do not burn. 4. Season with salt and spice blend. 1. Preheat oven to 400F. 2. Drain the can of garbanzo beans in a strainer and rinse with water for a few seconds to clean off the beans. Shake and tap the strainer to rid of excess water. Lay paper towl on a baking sheet, and spread the beans over. Use another paper towel to gently press and absorb the water on the beans", "Though referring to the same species, “chickpea” is often the common name used for English-speaking people while “garbanzo” is used by Spanish-speaking people. In a nation with both languages present, the names might be used interchangeably. Two types of garbanzo beans or chickpeas are known, the Kabuli and the Desi. Aside from preparations, another difference between the two is that the dried beans have hulls that need to be removed before using while the canned beans have their hulls removed in the factory. Summary: 1.Garbanzo beans and chickpeas are the same thing. They are both common names for a plant specie named Cicer arietinum. Because they are the same plant and entity, they share the same scientific classification, uses, types, and other identifying characteristics", "Let us know in the comments! Chickpeas and garbanzo beans are the same thing so look for either but always try to go for organic. Watch out for salt too since sea salt is the only kind considered safe for dogs. The brand I use contains only water and seaweed, another healthy ingredient for dogs. ", "The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is also known as gram, or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, and sometimes known as Egyptian pea, ceci, cece or chana, or Kabuli chana (particularly in northern India). Its seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes: 7,500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East." ], "url": [ "http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/47748/what-is-the-difference-between-chickpeas-and-garbanzo-beans", "http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/processed-foods/difference-between-garbanzo-beans-and-chickpeas/", "http://steamykitchen.com/10725-crispy-roasted-chickpeas-garbanzo-beans.html", "http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/processed-foods/difference-between-garbanzo-beans-and-chickpeas/", "http://www.entirelypets.com/honey-roasted-chickpeas-recipe.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea" ] }

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[ "Villi" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The ileum is preceded by the jejunum. This section of the small intestine is approximately 6 to 12 feet (3.5 meters) long. The ileum absorbs mainly vitamin B12, other water soluble vitamins, bile salts, and nutrients that were not absorbed in", "The small intestine is a tubular structure within the abdominal cavity that carries the food in continuation with the stomach up to the colon from where the large intestine carries it to the rectum and out of the body via the anus. The main function of this organ is to aid in digestion.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The hairs in your small intestine is called Villi.It sucks up the nutrients that you eat after the stomach turns it into a liquid.", "Small Intestine. The small intestine is a winding, tightly folded tube about 20 ft (6 m) long in adults. It connects to the stomach on the top end and to the large intestine (colon) on the bottom end. Most of the food a person consumes is digested and absorbed in the small intestine.", "The small intestine is the location in the body where the majority of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. Whereas the stomach is responsible for the churning and mechanical breakdown of food, the small intestine is very important for absorption.", "Your small intestine and digestion. The small intestine is a long tube that is approximately 18 feet long (6 meters). The small intestine is called small because the diameter or the width of the tube is much less than the large intestine. The parts of the small intestine include the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum. The duodenum is a segment of intestine between the stomach and the jejunum that is very active in digestion where many different enzymes mix from the stomach, liver, gallbladder and pancreas." ], "url": [ "http://www.laparoscopic.md/digestion/intestine", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-the-Small-Intestine-Do.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_hairs_in_the_small_intestines_is_called", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/small-intestine", "http://www.laparoscopic.md/digestion/intestine", "http://www.laparoscopic.md/digestion/intestine" ] }

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[ "The salary of the vice president is currently (2015) $230,700." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As is the case with other financial institutions, investment banking positions at Citi see their compensation numbers swell with bonuses. The base salary for an investment banking associate, for example, stands at an average of $116,984. It nearly doubles after bonuses, vaulting to $210,869. Here's the combined compensation — annual salary and bonus — for 15 positions at Citi, according to Glassdoor: Justin Sullivan/Getty You can still make bank at Citi. The name Citibank calls up a lot of bad memories in the financial world. One that stands out is Chuck Prince, Citi's former head, telling the Financial Times in the summer of 2007 that the emerging financial crisis wasn't going to upset his bank's business.", "infoplease has also created this page which summarizes Presidential and Vice Presidential Salaries from 1789 to the present. President George Washington, for example, was offered a salary of $25,000/year. Presidential Salary Information. The most recent salary increase, to $400,000/year from $200,000/year, took effect when George W. Bush became President. The President also receives a $50,000 non-taxable expense account.", "Senior vice President at Citigroup, Vice president at Citigroup, Vice president at Citi, Vice president at Citi, Year 2000 Project Manager... Senior Vice President at Citigroup, Senior Vice President-EMEA surveillance team at Citi. Past. Senior Vice President-EMEA Markets and Securities Services (FXLM Sales and Trading advisory) at Citi, Resident Vice President-Fixed...", "citigroup vice president project manager salary citigroup vice president project manager average salary is $ 98000 median salary is $ 100000 with a salary range from $ 80000 to $ 105000 citigroup vice president project manager salaries are collected from government agencies and companies each salary is associated with a real job position citigroup vice president project manager salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only they are presented as is and updated regularly", "Average Senior Vice President salaries for job postings in New York, NY are 36% higher than average Senior Vice President salaries for job postings nationwide. ", "Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) or Citi is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. ", "Under the Former Presidents Act, each former president is paid a lifetime, taxable pension that is equal to the annual rate of basic pay for the head of an executive federal department -- $201,700 in 2015 -- the same annual salary paid to secretaries of the Cabinet agencies. The increase was approved as part of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act (Public Law 106-58), passed in the closing days of the 106th Congress. The salary of the vice president is currently (2015) $230,700.", "As is the case with other big banks, bonuses can be gigantic at JPMorgan. For instance, the investment banking vice president salary is reported as $172,902, while bonuses nearly double the annual compensation to a sizeable $337,121. " ], "url": [ "http://www.businessinsider.com/citi-bank-salaries-2014-11", "http://www.ipl.org/div/farq/pensionFARQ.html", "https://www.linkedin.com/title/senior-vice-president-at-citigroup", "http://www.salarylist.com/company/Citigroup/Vice-President-Project-Manager-Salary.htm", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Senior-Vice-President-l-New-York,-NY.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Citigroup%2c_Inc./Salary", "http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/thepresidentandcabinet/a/presidentialpay.htm", "http://www.businessinsider.com/jp-morgan-salaries-2014-11" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Malignant Hypertension. A headache may indeed be one of your symptoms if you have severe or “malignant” hypertension. This type of high blood pressure can come on very suddenly and affects about one percent of people with", "Causes. The most common type of headache is tension headache. It is likely caused by tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw. A tension headache 1 : May be related to stress, depression, anxiety, a head injury, or holding your head and neck in an abnormal position. 2 Tends to be on both sides of your head. 3 It often starts at the back of the head and spreads forward.", "Tension headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches. A tension headache may appear periodically (episodic, less than 15 days per month) or daily (chronic, more than 15 days per month).", "Headaches are among the top health complaints of Americans. While some types of headaches have an allergic basis, most do not. Before you see an allergist for evaluation and treatment of your headaches, you should first visit your primary care physician to rule out other, more common causes.", "In fact, you are slightly less likely to have high blood pressure. As for migraine headaches and high blood pressure, both are common disorders, which affect 10 to 22 percent of the adult population. Roughly three percent of the population can be expected to have both conditions. Headache is not a reliable indicator except in cases of malignant hypertension." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/headache", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003024.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/tension-headaches", "http://acaai.org/allergies/symptoms/allergy-headaches", "http://www.healthline.com/health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/headache" ] }

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