manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
9836_96	extended through 2019. Under Feinstein's leadership, the Pasadena POPS has quickly become the
9836_97	nation's premier presenter of the Great American Songbook in the orchestral arena, delivering
9836_98	definitive performances of rare orchestrations and classic arrangements.
9836_99	Feinstein's memoir The Gershwins and Me: A Personal History in Twelve Songs about working for Ira
9836_100	Gershwin was published in the fall of 2012, accompanied by a CD of Feinstein performing the
9836_101	Gershwin brothers' music discussed in the book.
9836_102	In April 2013 Feinstein released a new CD, Change Of Heart: The Songs of André Previn, (Concord) in
9836_103	collaboration with composer-conductor-pianist André Previn, with an album celebrating Previn's
9836_104	repertoire from his catalog of pop songs that have most commonly been featured in motion pictures.
9836_105	The album opens with "(You've Had) A Change of Heart".
9836_106	On October 31, 2014, Feinstein's Michael Feinstein at the Rainbow Room premiered on PBS, with guest
9836_107	stars. The special is part of the 2014 PBS Arts Fall Festival, a primetime program with 11 weekly
9836_108	programs of classic Broadway hits and music from around the country, as well as some award-winning
9836_109	theater performances.
9836_110	Feinstein has appeared numerous times as a presenter on Turner Classic Movies. After cohosting with
9836_111	Robert Osborne for a night in January 2015, he returned to the channel as a guest host in August
9836_112	2016 and December 2017, appearing in dozens of wraparounds on the channel.
9836_113	Personal life
9836_114	In October 2008, Feinstein married his longtime partner Terrence Flannery. The ceremony was
9836_115	performed by famed family court and television judge Judith Sheindlin, also known as Judge Judy.
9836_116	Feinstein and Flannery have homes in New York, Los Angeles, and Indiana.
9836_117	Discography For Feinstein's discography see Michael Feinstein discography. References Notes
9836_118	External links
9836_119	Michael Feinstein's American Songbook Official fan club Great American Songbook Foundation
9836_120	The Center for the Performing Arts
9836_121	1956 births Living people American archivists American cabaret performers American male singers
9836_122	American jazz singers American music historians American male non-fiction writers
9836_123	20th-century American Jews Concord Records artists American gay musicians
9836_124	LGBT singers from the United States Singers from Ohio Nonesuch Records artists
9836_125	People from Carmel, Indiana Musicians from Columbus, Ohio Traditional pop music singers LGBT Jews
9836_126	LGBT people from Ohio 20th-century American pianists American male pianists
9836_127	Jazz musicians from Ohio 21st-century American pianists 20th-century American male musicians
9836_128	21st-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Historians from Ohio
9836_129	20th-century LGBT people 21st-century LGBT people 21st-century American Jews
9837_0	The Chinese family of scripts are writing systems descended from the Chinese Oracle Bone Script and
9837_1	used for a variety of languages in East Asia. They include logosyllabic systems such as the Chinese
9837_2	script itself (or hanzi, now in two forms, traditional and simplified), and adaptations to other
9837_3	languages, such as Kanji (Japanese), Hanja (Korean), Chữ Hán and Chữ Nôm (Vietnamese) and Sawndip
9837_4	(Zhuang). More divergent are Tangut, Khitan large script, and its offspring Jurchen, as well as the
9837_5	Yi script, which were inspired by Chinese although not directly descended from it. The partially
9837_6	deciphered Khitan small script may be another. In addition, various phonetic scripts descend from
9837_7	Chinese characters, of which the best known are the various kana syllabaries, the zhuyin
9837_8	semi-syllabary, nüshu, and some influence on hangul.
9837_9	The Chinese scripts are written in various calligraphic hands, principally seal script, clerical
9837_10	script, regular script, semi-cursive script, and cursive script. (See Chinese calligraphy and
9837_11	Chinese script styles.) Adaptations range from the conservative, as in Korean, which used Chinese
9837_12	characters in their standard form with only a few local coinages, and relatively conservative
9837_13	Japanese, which has coined a few hundred new characters and used traditional character forms until
9837_14	the mid-20th century, to the extensive adaptations of Zhuang and Vietnamese, each coining over
9837_15	10,000 new characters by Chinese formation principles, to the highly divergent Tangut script, which
9837_16	formed over 5,000 new characters by its own principles.
9837_17	Chinese script Origins
9837_18	The earliest extant Chinese writing consists of divinatory texts inscribed on ox scapulae and
9837_19	tortoise plastrons found at the last Shang dynasty capital near Anyang and dating from 1200 BC.
9837_20	This Oracle Bone Script shows extensive simplification and linearization, which most researchers
9837_21	believe indicates an extensive period of prior development of the script. Although some Neolithic
9837_22	symbols have been found on pottery, jade or bone at a variety of sites in China, there is no
9837_23	consensus that any of them are directly related to the Shang oracle bone script. Bronze
9837_24	inscriptions from about 1100 BC are written in a developed form of the script and provide a richer
9837_25	body of text.
9837_26	Each character of the early script represents a word of Old Chinese, which at that time was
9837_27	uniformly monosyllabic. The strategies used are traditionally classified into six categories (六書
9837_28	liùshū "six writings") first recorded in the second century dictionary Shuowen Jiezi. Three of
9837_29	these categories involved a representation of the meaning of the word:
9837_30	Pictograms (象形字 xiàngxíngzì) represent a word by a picture (later stylized) such as rì "sun",
9837_31	rén "person" and mù "tree".
9837_32	Ideograms (指事字 zhǐshìzì) are abstract symbols such as sān "three" and shàng "up".
9837_33	Semantic compounds (會意字 huìyìzì) combine simpler elements to indicate the meaning of the word, as
9837_34	in lín "grove" (two trees).
9837_35	Evolved forms of these characters are still in among the most commonly used today.
9837_36	Words that could not be represented pictorially, such as abstract terms and grammatical particles,
9837_37	were denoted using characters for similar-sounding words (the rebus strategy). These phonetic
9837_38	loans (假借字 jiǎjièzì) are thus new uses of existing characters rather than new graphic forms. An
9837_39	example is lái "come", written with the character for a similar-sounding word meaning "wheat".
9837_40	Sometimes the borrowed character would be modified slightly to distinguish it from the original, as
9837_41	with wú "don't", a borrowing of mǔ "mother".
9837_42	Phono-semantic compounds (形聲字 xíngshēngzì) were obtained by adding semantic indicators to
9837_43	disambiguate phonetic loans. This type was already used extensively on the oracle bones, and has
9837_44	been the main source of new characters since then. For example, the character originally
9837_45	representing jī "winnowing basket" was also used to write the pronoun and modal particle qí. Later
9837_46	the less common original word was written with the compound , obtained by adding the symbol zhú
9837_47	"bamboo" to the character. Sometimes the original phonetic similarity has been obscured by
9837_48	millennia of sound change, as in gé < krak "go to" and lù < "road". Many characters often
9837_49	explained as semantic compounds were originally phono-semantic compounds that have been obscured in
9837_50	this way. Some authors even dispute the validity of the semantic compound category.
9837_51	The sixth traditional category (轉注字 zhuǎnzhùzì) contained very few characters, and its meaning is
9837_52	uncertain.
9837_53	Styles
9837_54	Development and simplification of the script continued during the Western Zhou and Spring and
9837_55	Autumn periods, with characters becoming less pictorial and more linear and regular, with rounded
9837_56	strokes being replaced by sharp angles.
9837_57	During the Warring States period, writing became more widespread, with further simplification and
9837_58	variation, particularly in the eastern states.
9837_59	After the western state of Qin unified China, its more conservative seal script became the standard
9837_60	for the whole country.
9837_61	A simplified form known as the clerical script became the standard during the Han dynasty, and
9837_62	later evolved into the regular script still used today.
9837_63	At the same time semi-cursive and cursive scripts developed.
9837_64	The Traditional Chinese script is currently used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.
9837_65	Mainland China and Singapore use the Simplified Chinese variant.

9836_96

extended through 2019. Under Feinstein's leadership, the Pasadena POPS has quickly become the

9836_97

nation's premier presenter of the Great American Songbook in the orchestral arena, delivering

9836_98

definitive performances of rare orchestrations and classic arrangements.

9836_99

Feinstein's memoir The Gershwins and Me: A Personal History in Twelve Songs about working for Ira

9836_100

Gershwin was published in the fall of 2012, accompanied by a CD of Feinstein performing the

9836_101

Gershwin brothers' music discussed in the book.

9836_102

In April 2013 Feinstein released a new CD, Change Of Heart: The Songs of André Previn, (Concord) in

9836_103

collaboration with composer-conductor-pianist André Previn, with an album celebrating Previn's

9836_104

repertoire from his catalog of pop songs that have most commonly been featured in motion pictures.

9836_105

The album opens with "(You've Had) A Change of Heart".

9836_106

On October 31, 2014, Feinstein's Michael Feinstein at the Rainbow Room premiered on PBS, with guest

9836_107

stars. The special is part of the 2014 PBS Arts Fall Festival, a primetime program with 11 weekly

9836_108

programs of classic Broadway hits and music from around the country, as well as some award-winning

9836_109

theater performances.

9836_110

Feinstein has appeared numerous times as a presenter on Turner Classic Movies. After cohosting with

9836_111

Robert Osborne for a night in January 2015, he returned to the channel as a guest host in August

9836_112

2016 and December 2017, appearing in dozens of wraparounds on the channel.

9836_113

Personal life

9836_114

In October 2008, Feinstein married his longtime partner Terrence Flannery. The ceremony was

9836_115

performed by famed family court and television judge Judith Sheindlin, also known as Judge Judy.

9836_116

Feinstein and Flannery have homes in New York, Los Angeles, and Indiana.

9836_117

Discography For Feinstein's discography see Michael Feinstein discography. References Notes

9836_118

External links

9836_119

Michael Feinstein's American Songbook Official fan club Great American Songbook Foundation

9836_120

The Center for the Performing Arts

9836_121

1956 births Living people American archivists American cabaret performers American male singers

9836_122

American jazz singers American music historians American male non-fiction writers

9836_123

20th-century American Jews Concord Records artists American gay musicians

9836_124

LGBT singers from the United States Singers from Ohio Nonesuch Records artists

9836_125

People from Carmel, Indiana Musicians from Columbus, Ohio Traditional pop music singers LGBT Jews

9836_126

LGBT people from Ohio 20th-century American pianists American male pianists

9836_127

Jazz musicians from Ohio 21st-century American pianists 20th-century American male musicians

9836_128

21st-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Historians from Ohio

9836_129

20th-century LGBT people 21st-century LGBT people 21st-century American Jews

9837_0

The Chinese family of scripts are writing systems descended from the Chinese Oracle Bone Script and

9837_1

used for a variety of languages in East Asia. They include logosyllabic systems such as the Chinese

9837_2

script itself (or hanzi, now in two forms, traditional and simplified), and adaptations to other

9837_3

languages, such as Kanji (Japanese), Hanja (Korean), Chữ Hán and Chữ Nôm (Vietnamese) and Sawndip

9837_4

(Zhuang). More divergent are Tangut, Khitan large script, and its offspring Jurchen, as well as the

9837_5

Yi script, which were inspired by Chinese although not directly descended from it. The partially

9837_6

deciphered Khitan small script may be another. In addition, various phonetic scripts descend from

9837_7

Chinese characters, of which the best known are the various kana syllabaries, the zhuyin

9837_8

semi-syllabary, nüshu, and some influence on hangul.

9837_9

The Chinese scripts are written in various calligraphic hands, principally seal script, clerical

9837_10

script, regular script, semi-cursive script, and cursive script. (See Chinese calligraphy and

9837_11

Chinese script styles.) Adaptations range from the conservative, as in Korean, which used Chinese

9837_12

characters in their standard form with only a few local coinages, and relatively conservative

9837_13

Japanese, which has coined a few hundred new characters and used traditional character forms until

9837_14

the mid-20th century, to the extensive adaptations of Zhuang and Vietnamese, each coining over

9837_15

10,000 new characters by Chinese formation principles, to the highly divergent Tangut script, which

9837_16

formed over 5,000 new characters by its own principles.

9837_17

Chinese script Origins

9837_18

The earliest extant Chinese writing consists of divinatory texts inscribed on ox scapulae and

9837_19

tortoise plastrons found at the last Shang dynasty capital near Anyang and dating from 1200 BC.

9837_20

This Oracle Bone Script shows extensive simplification and linearization, which most researchers

9837_21

believe indicates an extensive period of prior development of the script. Although some Neolithic

9837_22

symbols have been found on pottery, jade or bone at a variety of sites in China, there is no

9837_23

consensus that any of them are directly related to the Shang oracle bone script. Bronze

9837_24

inscriptions from about 1100 BC are written in a developed form of the script and provide a richer

9837_25

body of text.

9837_26

Each character of the early script represents a word of Old Chinese, which at that time was

9837_27

uniformly monosyllabic. The strategies used are traditionally classified into six categories (六書

9837_28

liùshū "six writings") first recorded in the second century dictionary Shuowen Jiezi. Three of

9837_29

these categories involved a representation of the meaning of the word:

9837_30

Pictograms (象形字 xiàngxíngzì) represent a word by a picture (later stylized) such as rì "sun",

9837_31

rén "person" and mù "tree".

9837_32

Ideograms (指事字 zhǐshìzì) are abstract symbols such as sān "three" and shàng "up".

9837_33

Semantic compounds (會意字 huìyìzì) combine simpler elements to indicate the meaning of the word, as

9837_34

in lín "grove" (two trees).

9837_35

Evolved forms of these characters are still in among the most commonly used today.

9837_36

Words that could not be represented pictorially, such as abstract terms and grammatical particles,

9837_37

were denoted using characters for similar-sounding words (the rebus strategy). These phonetic

9837_38

loans (假借字 jiǎjièzì) are thus new uses of existing characters rather than new graphic forms. An

9837_39

example is lái "come", written with the character for a similar-sounding word meaning "wheat".

9837_40

Sometimes the borrowed character would be modified slightly to distinguish it from the original, as

9837_41

with wú "don't", a borrowing of mǔ "mother".

9837_42

Phono-semantic compounds (形聲字 xíngshēngzì) were obtained by adding semantic indicators to

9837_43

disambiguate phonetic loans. This type was already used extensively on the oracle bones, and has

9837_44

been the main source of new characters since then. For example, the character originally

9837_45

representing jī "winnowing basket" was also used to write the pronoun and modal particle qí. Later

9837_46

the less common original word was written with the compound , obtained by adding the symbol zhú

9837_47

"bamboo" to the character. Sometimes the original phonetic similarity has been obscured by

9837_48

millennia of sound change, as in gé < *krak "go to" and lù < * "road". Many characters often

9837_49

explained as semantic compounds were originally phono-semantic compounds that have been obscured in

9837_50

this way. Some authors even dispute the validity of the semantic compound category.

9837_51

The sixth traditional category (轉注字 zhuǎnzhùzì) contained very few characters, and its meaning is

9837_52

uncertain.

9837_53

Styles

9837_54

Development and simplification of the script continued during the Western Zhou and Spring and

9837_55

Autumn periods, with characters becoming less pictorial and more linear and regular, with rounded

9837_56

strokes being replaced by sharp angles.

9837_57

During the Warring States period, writing became more widespread, with further simplification and

9837_58

variation, particularly in the eastern states.

9837_59

After the western state of Qin unified China, its more conservative seal script became the standard

9837_60

for the whole country.

9837_61

A simplified form known as the clerical script became the standard during the Han dynasty, and

9837_62

later evolved into the regular script still used today.

9837_63

At the same time semi-cursive and cursive scripts developed.

9837_64

The Traditional Chinese script is currently used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.

9837_65

Mainland China and Singapore use the Simplified Chinese variant.