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9823_17 | Retirement talks and return
BBC chief Charlie Smith told The Sun on 11 October 2011 that Haye had informed him that he would not be renewing his boxing licence, thus retiring from the sport. Haye has had a long-standing plan to retire early. After the Harrison fight Haye said his plans to retire before he is 31 had not altered: "I will have achieved what I wanted to achieve – undisputed cruiserweight champion, unify the heavyweight division and then call it a day." In December 2010, during the negotiations to fight Klitschko, Haye said if the fight did not happen, "I'll just have to accept that becoming the WBA champion was enough and move on with my life. That'll be 20 years of getting punched in the face, which is a long enough time. I set my goals and achieved them so unifying the titles is the cherry on the cake but if it doesn't happen it wasn't meant to be and I've just got to get on with my life". |
9823_18 | Vitali Klitschko negotiations
Haye put retirement on hold and was in negotiations for a possible bout with WBC heavyweight champion Vitali Klitschko on 3 March 2012. However, Klitschko went on to schedule a fight with Derek Chisora on 18 February 2012, which he won by decision. Following the fight there was a fracas between Chisora and Haye, who had attended as a spectator, leading to speculation that Haye might come out of retirement to fight Chisora. However, on 21 February, Haye confirmed that he would only come out of retirement to fight Klitschko. On 8 May, Haye signed on to face Chisora on 14 July. |
9823_19 | Haye vs. Chisora
Haye attended the 2012 WBC heavyweight title fight in which Vitali Klitschko defeated Derek Chisora. Following the fight, Haye began heckling the post-fight press conference, leading to a violent brawl with Chisora and his entourage. Klitschko's manager Bernd Boente said "with the bad experience we've had with British fighters we will now look for other countries". He then told Haye from the dais "You had an offer, you didn't accept it, now you are out. You are out. You cannot talk yourself back into the fight, you have no belts." Chisora then called out Haye, but Haye dismissed Chisora as "a loser". |
9823_20 | Chisora taunted Haye by asking him "How's your toe David? How's your toe?". Chisora challenged Haye to tell him that to his face and approached Haye sparking a melee with Haye throwing the first punch with what appeared to be a glass bottle in his hand, as the brawl progressed Haye was seen swinging a camera tripod. After order was restored, a furious Chisora stated multiple times that he would "shoot" Haye and claimed Haye "glassed" him. Haye's former manager Adam Booth emerged from the fracas with a facial wound and Chisora suggested to Booth that Haye hit him with a bottle by mistake while Booth insisted it was one of Chisora's entourage that had hit him with a bottle. During an interview at the Haye vs. Chisora press conference, Booth was asked "how did you end up with a cut on your head?" to which he replied "David hit me with a tripod" but also added "he bought me a new S-Class Mercedes as an apology". |
9823_21 | On 8 May 2012, Haye and his promotion team announced that he would fight against Chisora at Boleyn Ground, Upton Park, London on 14 July 2012. The announcement caused controversy as neither held a British Boxing Licence, and so had agreed a licence deal with the Luxembourg Boxing Association. Seen as a direct attempt to undermine the British Boxing Board of Control, it meant that fights could take place in Britain even if a boxer was facing disciplinary action.
Haye won the fight with a fifth-round stoppage in front of over 40,000 spectators. Knocked to the floor in the fifth round, receiving a count of eight, Chisora recovered only to be floored again in the same round. Referee Luis Pabon decided Chisora was unable to continue, signalling the end of the contest.
Tyson Fury talks and fallout |
9823_22 | Haye was due to fight Manuel Charr at Manchester Arena on 29 June 2013. However, the fight was called off because Haye had suffered an injury. Haye later arranged a fight with Tyson Fury at the same venue on 28 September 2013. However, a week before the fight, Haye sustained a cut to the head which required several stitches, so yet again the fight was postponed. It was originally rescheduled for 8 February 2014. However Haye dropped out of the fight on 17 November 2013 after shoulder surgery. Fury, meanwhile, believed that Haye was making excuses because he didn't want the fight, with Fury himself saying "I'm absolutely furious but in all honesty this is exactly what I expected. Everyone knows I was very suspicious when he pulled out the first time and this confirms to me that he's always been afraid of me and never wanted this fight." Aside from training camp expenses, Haye also cost Fury his positions in the world rankings including an IBF final eliminator bout which would have made |
9823_23 | him mandatory for a shot at the world title. Although doctors advised Haye to retire from boxing, he never officially announced his retirement. |
9823_24 | Heavyweight comeback
In 2015, Haye switched trainers from Adam Booth to Shane McGuigan, son of former WBA featherweight champion Barry McGuigan. |
9823_25 | Haye vs. de Mori
On 24 November 2015, Haye and his new promotion and management team, Salter Brothers Entertainment, announced his comeback fight against WBA #10 ranked heavyweight Mark de Mori. The fight took place on 16 January 2016 (marketed by Salter Brothers Entertainment as "Haye Day") at The O2 Arena in London, and was Haye's first fight in more than three years since stopping Chisora in 2012. Coming into the fight, Australian De Mori had lost only once in 33 career bouts and 26 of his 29 victories had come via KO, albeit against limited opposition. It was announced on 6 January 2016 that Haye and the Salter Brothers had struck a deal for the comeback fight to be shown on free-to-air entertainment channel Dave, the largest non-PSB broadcaster in the UK and the channel's first ever live sport broadcast. In a world's first, Salter Brothers Entertainment also partnered with YouTube to live-stream the event outside of the UK to a global audience for free. |
9823_26 | Haye came in at the highest weight of his career, appearing to have gained a lot of muscle mass since the lay off. He employed much less movement than in previous fights and came forward methodically, knocking out de Mori in 113 seconds of the first round. The broadcast of the fight on Dave was the most successful show in the history of the channel after achieving an audience of over 3 million viewers, experiencing a higher share of the UK audience than Channel 4 and was only one per cent behind ITV. The event was the first ever boxing match to be shot and streamed live in 360 and VR via partnership between Salter Brothers Entertainment and IM360. A large number of celebrities were in attendance; Sigma performed an opening concert and A-lister guests ringside included Benedict Cumberbatch and Idris Elba. |
9823_27 | Haye vs. Gjergjaj
On 26 January 2016, Haye announced his next fight, (marketed as "Haye Day 2") would take place on 21 May 2016 at The O2 in London in Haye's pursuit of reclaiming and unifying the heavyweight world titles. His opponent was the little known Swiss fighter Arnold Gjergjaj. During the press conference announcing the fight, Shannon Briggs confronted Haye calling him out. Haye did not agree to fight Briggs immediately but instead offered him the chance to fight on his undercard, promising that he would fight him next if he was victorious. Briggs agreed to this arrangement and stopped Emilio Ezequiel Zarate in the first round. |
9823_28 | Haye floored Gjergjaj with a right hand inside the first 30 seconds of the fight, and then proceeded drop him again with a left jab and a third time with a chopping right in the second round before the fight was waved off by the referee. For a second time Haye used free-to-air channel Dave to broadcast the fight, but this time it was promoted by Haye himself with Hayemaker Promotions and not by Salter Brothers Entertainment. The fight peaked at 2.5 million viewers. The fight was also a success on social media platforms Facebook and Twitter as #HayeDay overtook the #FACupFinal to become the UK top trend. |
9823_29 | Despite winning on the undercard, a fight between Briggs and Haye didn't materialize. Briggs continued to call out Haye, asking him to honour his end of the agreement. Briggs also chased Haye down in Brooklyn when both were in attendance for the Frampton vs. Santa Cruz fight. In October, Haye spoke out about the fight not taking place due to the fact that Briggs wanted the fight to be on ppv, "Because the fight can't happen on pay-per-view ... I like people thinking I'm running from him and ducking him because when I do get in the ring with him, which I really think I will do, I think it will make it a bigger fight. But at the moment the fight can't happen because he will only fight me if the fight is on pay-per-view. I would fight him on [UK terrestrial channel] DAVE, but he doesn't want to do that."
Haye vs. Bellew |
9823_30 | Following his win over BJ Flores in October, WBC cruiserweight champion Tony Bellew immediately hit out a verbal assault on rival Haye, who was ringside, repeating he's next. Referring to Haye as 'Sideshow Bob', Bellew carried on the verbal assault in the post-fight interview using profanity and taunting Haye, stating he has been 'conning the British public' since he announced his comeback. Bellew's promoter, Eddie Hearn, claimed the fight could take place at heavyweight or at cruiserweight for Bellew's WBC title. On 25 November 2016, Hearn announced on Twitter that Haye and Bellew would face each other in a heavyweight bout on 4 March 2017 at The O2 Arena, London. The fight was shown on Sky Box Office and was Bellew's first heavyweight fight. |
9823_31 | At the first press conference on 30 November, a fight broke out as Haye and Bellew went face to face and it appeared on the replay that Haye had managed to land a left hook on Bellew, leaving a mark. Both fighters were then separated before going their own ways. On 3 March 2017, Haye weighed 224.9 pounds, heavier than Bellew who came in at 213lbs, a career high. |
9823_32 | After months of trash talk back and forth the two met in the ring. The bout started as a stalemate until the sixth round, when Haye injured his achilles tendon, causing him to fall twice. Bellew then took control of the fight as Haye opted to continue. Bellew knocked Haye down and out of the ropes late in the eleventh round. Haye managed to make it to his feet, but his corner threw in the towel, giving Bellew a TKO win. Bellew credited Haye for his bravery, while Haye refused to blame his injury and stated that Bellew was "by far the better fighter", though stated that he wanted a rematch. Haye was taken to the hospital following the bout but was released the next morning. It was revealed that Haye had ruptured his right achilles tendon and underwent surgery. At the time of stoppage, Bellew led on all three scorecards 96–93. With a 60–40 split of the £7 million purse, Haye earned £4.2 million while Bellew earned £2.8 million, his biggest purse by far. It was reported that the fight |
9823_33 | generated 890,000 buys on Sky Sports Box Office. |
9823_34 | Despite the loss, Haye was widely praised for his performance in fighting on whilst severely injured. As Kevin Mitchell of The Guardian newspaper summed up of the fight: Haye, staggering around the ring like a Saturday night drunk, went down swinging, his right ankle strapped in the ninth then unstrapped, his aged body sagging under every assault.....Even when thrashed through the ropes at the end, Haye clambered back and was willing to continue.... It will not seem so to him as he contemplates the fading of his days, but this was Haye's finest night." |
9823_35 | Change of trainer
On 3 June 2017 Haye and McGuigan both announced that they would no longer work together. It was said that they had reached a mutual agreement and parted on good terms. Some rumours indicated that McGuigan had urged Haye to retire, which eventually caused the split. On 6 July, Haye announced that he had hired Cuban Ismael Salas as his new trainer. Salas, known for working with Jorge Linares, Guillermo Rigondeaux and Nonito Donaire, stated that he believed he could lead Haye to another world title reign. |
9823_36 | Haye vs. Bellew II |
9823_37 | On 12 July 2017, Haye confirmed that he had begun strengthening his ankle and he would slowly start training for his next fight which would likely take place in December 2017. On 24 July, negotiations had begun for a rematch between Haye and Bellew to take place in December 2017, although they were far from an agreement. Bellew made Haye an offer of his preferred purse, which would reportedly make the rematch worth around £20 million. On 3 August, Hearn stated a rematch between Bellew and Haye was 'virtually dead', due to both fighters believing they are the A-side and have the right to demand ring walks, poster position, changing rooms and split of purse. On 6 September, Hearn stated a deal could be made within seven days. According to Bellew's trainer, David Coldwell, both Haye and Bellew had held positive talks and looking more likely to agree to a fight, as long they stay on the same page and agree to the same terms. On 19 September, Haye agreed all the terms and tweeted Bellew to |
9823_38 | sign the contract. He said, "It's taken months of negotiating but teams have finally agreed all terms for Haye-Bellew 2. Will Bellew put pen to paper?" The fight was reported to take place on Sunday 17 December 2017. Hearn stated the fight was not a done deal, but he had hoped to confirm the fight within a week. Bellew replied the following day, tweeting, "I OBLIGE YOU @mrdavidhaye , happy? Now leave me alone with my family please. I'll see you soon enough!" The fight was officially confirmed on 29 September for the fight to take place at The O2 Arena in London. Bellew claimed the rematch wasn't personal anymore, just business and hoping to dedicate a win to his late brother-in-law, who had died in August. Haye stated that Bellew wouldn't win the lottery twice. Like the first fight, it was scheduled to be shown live on Sky Sports Box Office. |
9823_39 | On 20 November, it was reported that Haye had injured his arm and forced to pull out of the fight. In a statement, Haye said, "I am devastated to announce my much-anticipated rematch against Tony Bellew has been postponed until March 24 or May 5, subject to scheduling." It was believed that the injury occurred during a stair conditioning session. Bellew was said to be disappointed with Haye's announcement, but stated he may take an interim bout. The fight was rescheduled for 5 May 2018. Haye weighed 220.2 pounds, 4 pounds lighter than the first fight. Bellew also came in lighter at 210.4 pounds. |
9823_40 | Bellew knocked Haye down three times, eventually winning the fight via TKO in round five. Haye started the opening two rounds using his jab, leaving a mark around Bellew's right eye. As round three started, both boxers started getting closer and unloading power shots. As Haye started to step backwards around the ring, Bellew landed clean, dropping Haye. At this point it appeared Haye may have injured his ankle, with the Sky commentary team mentioning this, as well as the post-fight interviewer. Haye later denied he was injured. Bellew then dropped Haye again with a hard combination. Bellew came out cautiously in round four, still wary of Haye's power. In round five, both fighters traded punches, but it was a left hook from Bellew that dropped Haye for a third time. Haye managed to beat the count again, not long before Bellew started unloading a barrage of punches. With Haye against the ropes, referee Howard Foster stepped in at 2 minutes, 14 seconds, giving Bellew his second stoppage |
9823_41 | win over Haye. Immediately after the fight Haye congratulated Bellew on the win. Haye stated he would review the tapes and see what went wrong. According to CompuBox Stats, Haye landed 42 of 189 punches thrown (22%), only 6 being power punches and Bellew landed 70 of his 219 thrown (32%), with 34 being power punches. Both boxers earned a minimum purse of £2.5 million for the fight, which would likely increase based on TV revenue and PPV shares. |
9823_42 | Final retirement
On 12 June 2018, Haye released a statement via social media announcing his retirement. In the statement, Haye spoke about his career from start to finish, all the injuries he suffered, rehab and also revealed he had spinal surgery in March 2015.
Exhibition bout |
9823_43 | Haye vs. Fournier |
9823_44 | In August 2021, Haye announced that he would be making a one-fight comeback on 11 September 2021 in a bout against his friend, businessman Joe Fournier, on the undercard of the Triller pay-per-view bout between Oscar De La Hoya and Vitor Belfort at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. Haye explained in a statement on his website: "This whole fight between us came into existence when at dinner with a group in Mykonos we were asked who would win in a fight between us." He detailed that he was unhappy with Fournier being "deadly serious stating he would win in a fight today", and confirmed that he "remain[s] happily retired from boxing, with no intentions to make a traditional comeback to challenge the monsters of the division but am fit and ready to prove my point against my overconfident billionaire buddy." Haye asserted that he will receive a larger payday from his bout with Fournier than his first Sky Sports Box Office bout against Tony Bellew in 2017, calling it "crazy |
9823_45 | dough". |
9823_46 | On 31 August, it emerged that the fight would be classified as an exhibition bout due to a ruling by the California State Athletic Commission, thus the result of the fight would have no bearing on Haye or Fournier's professional records. On the night, Haye easily outboxed Fournier over 8 rounds, and knocked him down once, to earn a unanimous decision victory with scores of 79–72, 80–71 and 79–72. In his post-fight interview, he called out undefeated WBC and The Ring heavyweight champion Tyson Fury.
Promotional career
On 20 January 2017, Haye announced he would combine his Hayemaker promotions with Richard Schaefer's Ringstar Sport to create Hayemaker Ringstar, which would be based in the UK and rival Eddie Hearn's Matchroom Sport and Frank Warren's Queensberry Promotions. They would also promote shows in the US. Shaefer stated in a press release that he had intended to promote in the UK for some years and spoke of his excitement to be in partnership with Haye. |
9823_47 | At an official press conference on 12 July 2017, Hayemaker Ringstar announced they had agreed a TV rights deal with the biggest multichannel broadcaster in the UK, UKTV, for entertainment channel Dave. The deal would be for 3 years which would show five fight nights per year. Hayemaker Ringstar also introduced its latest signings, Olympics silver medalist, heavyweight Joe Joyce, Olympian Qais Ashfaq, European champion Willy Hutchinson and former 10-time world kickboxing champion Michael 'Venom' Page.
On 6 September 2017, an official announcement was made for the first boxing event which would take place at Indigo, The O2 Arena in London on 20 October 2017. Haye confirmed that Joe Joyce would headline the card, making his debut against experienced former WBO Inter-Continental champion Ian Lewison (12–3, 8 KOs). |
9823_48 | Media career
Haye created his own documentary reality show, David Haye versus, under his production company Hayemaker Productions, which was broadcast on Sky 1 from 28 to 29 June 2011. It featured him training and in conversation with Ricky Gervais, Justin Bieber, Michael McIntyre, Dizzee Rascal and Mickey Rourke.
In November 2012, he took part in the twelfth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, in which he finished third.
Personal life
Haye lives in the Beckenham area of London. He married make-up artist Natasha in 2008, with whom he has a son named Cassius (named after Cassius Clay). After eight years of marriage, they divorced in 2016. |
9823_49 | Haye is a fan of Millwall FC. In addition to being a native British citizen, he gained Northern Cypriot citizenship in 2010, but later relinquished it. His training camp was based in Ozanköy from 2005 until his split with trainer Adam Booth, and his former training site now serves as an amateur boxing gym. He sometimes wore the Northern Cypriot flag on his shorts alongside the English, United Kingdom, and Jamaican flags.
Haye became a vegan in 2014, stating, "I watched a TV documentary about how animals are farmed, killed and prepared for us to eat. I saw all those cows and pigs and realised I couldn't be a part of it any more. It was horrible. I did some research to make sure I could still obtain enough protein to fight and, once satisfied that I could, I stopped. I'll never go back." He launched his own range of vegan protein powder later that year. In 2016, he appeared in a promotional video by PETA called David Haye: Vegan for Animals. |
9823_50 | Honours
Haye was selected for the final 10 shortlist for the 2010 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award for his performances against John Ruiz and Audley Harrison.
Professional boxing record
Exhibition boxing record
Television viewership
International
Germany
UK pay-per-view bouts
See also
List of world cruiserweight boxing champions
List of world heavyweight boxing champions
List of WBA world champions
List of WBC world champions
List of WBO world champions
List of The Ring world champions
References
External links
David Haye profile at Cyber Boxing Zone |
9823_51 | 1980 births
English people of Jamaican descent
English male boxers
Black British sportspeople
People from Bermondsey
Boxers from Greater London
World Boxing Association champions
World Boxing Council champions
World Boxing Organization champions
World cruiserweight boxing champions
Boxers at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Living people
World heavyweight boxing champions
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
The Ring (magazine) champions
Light-heavyweight boxers
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants
People educated at Bacon's College |
9824_0 | Thomas Clarkson (28 March 1760 – 26 September 1846) was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire. He helped found The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade (also known as the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade) and helped achieve passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, which ended British trade in slaves.
He became a pacifist in 1816 and, together with his brother John, was among the twelve founders of the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace.
In his later years, Clarkson campaigned for the abolition of slavery worldwide; it was then concentrated in the Americas. In 1840, he was the key speaker at the Anti-Slavery Society's (today known as Anti-Slavery International) first conference in London which campaigned to end slavery in other countries. |
9824_1 | Early life and education
Clarkson was the eldest son of the Reverend John Clarkson (1710–1766), a Church of England priest and master of Wisbech Grammar School and his wife Anne née Ward (died 1799). He was baptised on 26 May 1760 at the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul, Wisbech. |
9824_2 | His siblings were John (born 1764) and Anne. Both boys attended Wisbech Grammar School, Hill Street where the family lived. After the death of his father the family moved into a house on Bridge Street which is now marked by a blue plaque. Thomas went on to St Paul's School in London in 1775, where he obtained an exhibition. He entered St John's College, Cambridge in 1779. An excellent student, he appears to have enjoyed his time at the University of Cambridge, although he was a serious, devout man. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1783 and was set to continue at Cambridge to follow in his father's footsteps and enter the Anglican ministry. He was ordained a deacon but never proceeded to priest's orders. |
9824_3 | Revelation of the horrors of slavery
In 1785 Clarkson entered a Latin essay competition at the university that was to set him on the course for most of the remainder of his life. The topic of the essay, set by university vice-chancellor Peter Peckard, was Anne liceat invitos in servitutem dare ("is it lawful to make slaves of others against their will?"), and it led Clarkson to consider the question of the slave trade. He read everything he could on the subject, including the works of Anthony Benezet, a Quaker abolitionist, as well as first hand accounts of the African slave trade such as Francis Moore's Travels into the Interior Parts of Africa. He also researched the topic by meeting and interviewing those who had personal experience of the slave trade and of slavery.
After winning the prize, Clarkson had what he called a spiritual revelation from God as he travelled by horse between Cambridge and London. He broke his journey at Wadesmill, near Ware, Hertfordshire. He later wrote: |
9824_4 | As it is usual to read these essays publicly in the senate-house soon after the prize is adjudged, I was called to Cambridge for this purpose. I went and performed my office. On returning however to London, the subject of it almost wholly engrossed my thoughts. I became at times very seriously affected while upon the road. I stopped my horse occasionally, and dismounted and walked. I frequently tried to persuade myself in these intervals that the contents of my Essay could not be true. The more however I reflected upon them, or rather upon the authorities on which they were founded, the more I gave them credit. Coming in sight of Wades Mill in Hertfordshire, I sat down disconsolate on the turf by the roadside and held my horse. Here a thought came into my mind, that if the contents of the Essay were true, it was time some person should see these calamities to their end. Agitated in this manner I reached home. This was in the summer of 1785. |
9824_5 | This experience and sense of calling ultimately led him to devote his life to abolishing the slave trade.
Having translated the essay into English so that it could gain a wider audience, Clarkson published it in pamphlet form in 1786 as An essay on the slavery and commerce of the human species, particularly the African, translated from a Latin Dissertation. |
9824_6 | The essay was influential, resulting in Clarkson's being introduced to many others who were sympathetic to abolition, some of whom had already published and campaigned against slavery. These included influential men such as James Ramsay and Granville Sharp, many Quakers, and other nonconformists. The movement had been gathering strength for some years, having been founded by Quakers both in Britain and in the United States, with support from other nonconformists, primarily Methodists and Baptists, on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1783, 300 Quakers, chiefly from the London area, presented Parliament with their signatures on the first petition against the slave trade. |
9824_7 | Following this step, a small offshoot group formed the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, a small non-denominational group that could lobby more successfully by incorporating Anglicans. Under the Test Act, only those prepared to receive the sacrament of the Lord's Supper according to the rites of the Church of England were permitted to serve as MPs, thus Quakers were generally barred from the House of Commons until the early nineteenth century. The twelve founding members included nine Quakers, and three pioneering Anglicans: Clarkson, Granville Sharp, and Philip Sansom. They were sympathetic to the religious revival that had predominantly nonconformist origins, but which sought wider non-denominational support for a "Great Awakening" amongst believers. |
9824_8 | Anti-slavery campaign
Encouraged by publication of Clarkson's essay, an informal committee was set up between small groups from the petitioning Quakers, Clarkson and others, with the goal of lobbying members of parliament (MPs). In May 1787, they formed the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The Committee included Granville Sharp as chairman and Josiah Wedgwood, as well as Clarkson. Clarkson also approached the young William Wilberforce, who as an Anglican and an MP was connected within the British Parliament. Wilberforce was one of few parliamentarians to have had sympathy with the Quaker petition; he had already put a question about the slave trade before the House of Commons, and became known as one of the earliest Anglican abolitionists. |
9824_9 | Clarkson took a leading part in the affairs of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, and was tasked to collect evidence to support the abolition of the slave trade. He faced strong opposition from supporters of the trade in some of the cities he visited. The slave traders were an influential group because the trade was a legitimate and highly lucrative business, generating prosperity for many of the ports.
Liverpool was a major base of slave-trading syndicates and home port for their ships. In 1787, Clarkson was attacked and nearly killed when visiting the city, as a gang of sailors was paid to assassinate him. He barely escaped with his life. Elsewhere, however, he gathered support. Clarkson's speech at the collegiate church in Manchester (now Manchester Cathedral) on 28 October 1787 galvanised the anti-slavery campaign in the city. That same year, Clarkson published the pamphlet A Summary View of the Slave Trade and of the Probable Consequences of Its Abolition. |
9824_10 | Clarkson was very effective at giving the committee a high public profile: he spent the next two years travelling around England, promoting the cause and gathering evidence. He interviewed 20,000 sailors during his research. He obtained equipment used on slave-ships, such as iron handcuffs, leg-shackles, and thumbscrews; instruments for forcing open slaves' jaws; and branding irons. He published engravings of the tools in pamphlets and displayed the instruments at public meetings.
Clarkson's research took him to English ports such as Bristol, where he received information from the landlord of the Seven Stars pub. (The building still stands in Thomas Lane.) He also travelled repeatedly to Liverpool and London, collecting evidence to support the abolitionist case. |
9824_11 | Clarkson visited The Lively, an African trading ship. Although not a slave ship, it carried cargo of high-quality goods: carved ivory and woven textiles, beeswax, and produce such as palm oil and peppers. Impressed by the high quality of craftsmanship and skill expressed in these items, Clarkson was horrified to think that the people who could create such items were being enslaved. He bought samples from the ship and started a collection to which he added over the years. It included crops, spices and raw materials, along with refined trade goods.
Clarkson noticed that pictures and artefacts could influence public opinion more than words alone. He began to display items from his collection of fine goods to reinforce his anti-slavery lectures. Demonstrating that Africans were highly skilled artisans, he argued for an alternative humane trading system based on goods rather than labourers. He carried a "box" featuring his collection, which became an important part his public meetings. |
9824_12 | He rode by horseback some 35,000 miles for evidence and visited local anti-slave trade societies founded across the country. He enlisted the help of Alexander Falconbridge and James Arnold, two ship's surgeons he had met in Liverpool. They had been on many voyages aboard slave ships, and were able to recount their experiences in detail for publication.
Clarkson also continued to write against the slave trade. He filled his works with vivid firsthand descriptions from sailors, surgeons and others who had been involved in the slave traffic. In 1788 Clarkson published large numbers of his Essay on the Impolicy of the African Slave Trade (1788). Another example was his "An Essay on the Slave Trade" (1789), the account of a sailor who had served aboard a slave ship. These works provided a grounding for William Wilberforce's first abolitionist speech in the House of Commons on 12 May 1789, and his 12 propositions. |
9824_13 | Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) a member of the Sons of Africa published his memoir, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, one of the genre of what became known as slave narratives – accounts by slaves who achieved freedom. As an African with direct experience of the slave trade and slavery, Equiano was pleased that his book became highly influential in the anti-slavery movement. Clarkson wrote to the Rev Thomas Jones MA (1756-1807) at Trinity College, Cambridge, to introduce Equiano to him and the community. He asked for aid from the Rev Jones in selling copies of the memoir and arranging for Equiano to visit Cambridge to lecture. |
9824_14 | In 1791 Wilberforce introduced the first Bill to abolish the slave trade; it was easily defeated by 163 votes to 88. As Wilberforce continued to bring the issue of the slave trade before Parliament, Clarkson travelled and wrote anti-slavery works. Based on a plan of a slave ship he acquired in Portsmouth, he had an image drawn of slaves loaded on the slave ship Brookes; he published this in London in 1791, took the image with him on lectures, and provided it to Wilberforce with other anti-slave trade materials for use in parliament. |
9824_15 | This was the beginning of their protracted parliamentary campaign, during which Wilberforce introduced a motion in favour of abolition almost every year. Clarkson, Wilberforce and the other members of the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade and their supporters, were responsible for generating and sustaining a national movement that mobilised public opinion as never before. Parliament, however, refused to pass the bill. The outbreak of War with France effectively prevented further debate for many years. Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, who was the Secretary of State for War for prime minister William Pitt the Younger, instructed Sir Adam Williamson, the lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, to sign an agreement with representatives of the French colonists of Saint Domingue, later Haiti, that promised to restore the ancien regime, slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists, a move that drew criticism from abolitionists Wilberforce and Clarkson. |
9824_16 | By 1794, Clarkson's health was failing, as he suffered from exhaustion. He retired from the campaign and spent some time in the Lake District, where he bought an estate at Ullswater. There he became a friend of the poet William Wordsworth.
On 19 January 1796 he married Catherine Buck of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk; their only child Thomas was born in 1796. They moved to the south of England for the sake of Catherine's health, and settled at Bury St Edmunds from 1806 to 1816. They then lived at Playford Hall, between Ipswich and Woodbridge in Suffolk.
When the war with France appeared to be almost over, in 1804 Clarkson and his allies revived the anti-slave trade campaign. After his ten years' retreat, he mounted his horse to travel again all over Great Britain and canvass support for the measure. He appeared to have returned with all his old enthusiasm and vigour. He was especially active in persuading MPs to back the parliamentary campaign. |
9824_17 | Passage of the Slave Trade Act in 1807 ended the trade and provided for British naval support to enforce the law. Clarkson directed his efforts toward enforcement and extending the campaign to the rest of Europe, as Spain and France continued a trade in their American colonies. The United States also prohibited the international trade in 1807, and operated chiefly in the Caribbean to interdict illegal slave ships. In 1808 Clarkson published a book about the progress in abolition of the slave trade. He travelled to Paris in 1814 and Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, trying to reach international agreement on a timetable for abolition of the trade. He contributed the article on the "Slave Trade" for Rees's Cyclopædia, Vol. 33, 1816. |
9824_18 | Later career
In 1823 the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery (later known as the Anti-Slavery Society) was formed. Clarkson travelled the country to build support for its goal. He covered 10,000 miles, and activated the network of sympathetic anti-slavery societies which had been formed. This resulted in 777 petitions being delivered to parliament demanding the total emancipation of slaves. When the society adopted a policy of immediate emancipation, Clarkson and Wilberforce appeared together for the last time to lend their support. In 1833 the Slavery Abolition Act was passed, with emancipation completed on 1 August 1838 in the British colonies. |
9824_19 | Clarkson lived an additional 13 years. Although his eyesight was failing, he continued to campaign for abolition, focusing on the United States, where slavery had expanded in the Deep South and some states west of the Mississippi River. He was the principal speaker in 1840 at the opening of the first World's Anti-Slavery Convention in Freemasons' Hall, London, chaired by Thomas Binney. The conference was designed to build support for abolishing slavery worldwide and included delegates from France, the US, Haiti (established in 1804 as the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere) and Jamaica. |
9824_20 | The scene at Clarkson's opening address was painted in a commemorative work, now in the National Portrait Gallery, London. The emancipated slave, Henry Beckford (a Baptist deacon in Jamaica), is shown in the right foreground. Clarkson and the prominent abolitionist Quaker William Allen were to the left, the main axis of interest. In 1846 Clarkson was host to Frederick Douglass, an American former slave who had escaped to freedom in the North and became a prominent abolitionist, on his first visit to England. Douglass spoke at numerous meetings and attracted considerable attention and support. At risk even prior to passage in the US of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, Douglass was grateful when British friends raised the money and negotiated purchase of his freedom from his former master in December 1846.
Later life |
9824_21 | Throughout his life Clarkson was a frequent guest of Joseph Hardcastle (the first treasurer of the London Missionary Society) at Hatcham House in Deptford, then a Surrey village. In the early 1790s he met his wife, a niece of Mrs Hardcastle here. Clarkson wrote much of his History of the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1808) at Hatcham House.
His younger brother John Clarkson (1764–1828) took a major part in organising the relocation of approximately 1200 Black Loyalists to Africa in early 1792. They were among the 3000 former United States slaves given their freedom by the British and granted land in Nova Scotia, Canada, after the American Revolutionary War. This group chose to go to the new colony of Sierra Leone established by the British in West Africa, founding Freetown. John Clarkson was appointed its first Governor.
Thomas Clarkson died on 26 September 1846 in Playford, Suffolk. He was buried in the village on 2 October at St Mary's Church. |
9824_22 | The Clarkson chest and Clarkson Collection are now on display in Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
Legacy |
9824_23 | In 1833 the inhabitants of Wisbech requested Clarkson sit for his portrait; it was hung in the council chamber.
In 1834, after the abolition of slavery in Jamaica, Free Villages were founded for the settlement of freedmen. The town of Clarksonville, named in his honour, was established in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica.
In 1839 the Court of the Common Council gave Clarkson the Freedom of the City of London.
In 1839 a mission station in South Africa was named Clarkson by Moravian missionary Hans Peter Hallbeck in honour of Clarkson and his abolition work.
Opened in 1847, Wisbech & Fenland Museum has a permanent display of anti-slavery artefacts collected by Thomas Clarkson and his brother John, and organises events linked to anti-slavery.
In 1857, an obelisk commemorating Clarkson was erected in St Mary's churchyard in Playford to a design by George Biddell Airy. |
9824_24 | In 1879, a monument to Clarkson was erected in Wadesmill; it reads: "On this spot where stands this monument in the month of June 1785 Thomas Clarkson resolved to devote his life to bringing about the abolition of the slave trade."
The Clarkson Memorial was erected in Wisbech to commemorate his life and work. Work started in October 1880 and it was unveiled by Sir Henry Brand, Speaker of the House of Commons on 11 November 1881. The Clarkson School, Wisbech is named after him, as is Thomas Clarkson Academy. A tree-lined road in Wisbech is named Clarkson Avenue in his honour (a side street is Wilberforce Road), and a pub opposite was called the Clarkson Arms (closed in 2018). Nearby is Clarkson Court.
A blue plaque to Thomas Clarkson has been erected in his memory by the Wisbech Society and is part of the town trail.
In 1996, a tablet was dedicated to Clarkson's memory in Westminster Abbey, near the tomb of William Wilberforce. |
9824_25 | Several other roads in the United Kingdom are named after him, for example in Hull, Cambridge and Ipswich.
A descendant, Canon John Clarkson, continues in his footsteps as one of the leaders of the Anti-Slavery Society.
In July 2010, the Church of England Synod added Clarkson with Equiano and Wilberforce to the list of people to be honoured with a Lesser Festival on 30 July in the Church's calendar of saints. An initial celebration was held in Playford Church on 30 July 2010. |
9824_26 | Representation in other media
The poet William Wordsworth wrote a sonnet to Clarkson:
Sonnet, To Thomas Clarkson,
On the final passing of the Bill for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, March 1807.
Clarkson! it was an obstinate Hill to climb:
How toilsome, nay how dire it was, by Thee
Is known,—by none, perhaps, so feelingly;
But Thou, who, starting in thy fervent prime,
Didst first lead forth this pilgrimage sublime,
Hast heard the constant Voice its charge repeat,
Which, out of thy young heart's oracular seat,
First roused thee.—O true yoke-fellow of Time
With unabating effort, see, the palm
Is won, and by all Nations shall be worn!
The bloody Writing is for ever torn,
And Thou henceforth wilt have a good Man's calm,
A great Man's happiness; thy zeal shall find
Repose at length, firm Friend of human kind!
William Wordsworth
In the 2006 film about the abolition of the slave trade, Amazing Grace, Clarkson was played by the British actor Rufus Sewell. |
9824_27 | See also
The Clapham Sect
List of Abolitionist Forerunners (Thomas Clarkson)
References
Further reading |
9824_28 | Barker, G.F.R. "Thomas Clarkson", Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 1887)
Brogan, Hugh. "Thomas Clarkson", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: University Press, 2005)
Carey, Brycchan. British Abolitionism and the Rhetoric of Sensibility: Writing, Sentiment, and Slavery, 1760–1807 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). 131–37.
Gifford, Zerbanoo, Thomas Clarkson and the Campaign Against the Slave Trade – used in events marking the bi-centenary in 2007 of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade in the British Empire
Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains, The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery (Basingstoke: Pan Macmillan, 2005)
Meier, Helmut. Thomas Clarkson: 'Moral Steam Engine' or False Prophet? A Critical Approach to Three of his Antislavery Essays. (Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2007).
Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World. (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2007) |
9824_29 | Wilson, Ellen Gibson. Thomas Clarkson: A Biography (Macmillan, 1989)
Wilson, Ellen Gibson. The Clarksons of Wisbech and the abolition of the slave trade (Wisbech Society, 1992) |
9824_30 | External links
Thomas Clarkson website
Brief Biography of Thomas Clarkson
Biography of Thomas Clarkson, Ely Cathedral
Thomas Clarkson: biography and bibliography by Brycchan Carey (Part of his British Abolitionists project)
Teaching resources about Slavery and Abolition on blackhistory4schools.com
Works by Thomas Clarkson at the online library of liberty
The Louverture Project: Thomas Clarkson – Thoughts on The Haitian Revolution Excerpt from an 1823 Clarkson book.
Parliament & The British Slave Trade 1600–1807
Clarkson Collection, Wisbech & Fenland Museum, whose collection includes the Clarkson Chest.
Thomas Clarkson Community College
The Thomas Clarkson section, The Abolition Project website
An article about Thomas Clarkson's stay at The Seven Stars Pub in Bristol, Bristol Historical Society |
9824_31 | Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice, study of relationship of university to the slave trade
"Thomas Clarkson", the life of Thomas Clarkson, The Wisbech Society and Preservation Trust.
"The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave Trade" Thomas Clarkson manuscript, held by Haverford College
1760 births
1846 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Anglican deacons
Anglican saints
Burials in Suffolk
Christian abolitionists
English abolitionists
English Christian pacifists
History of Sierra Leone
People educated at Wisbech Grammar School
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from Suffolk Coastal (district)
People from Wisbech
Sierra Leone Creole history |
9825_0 | Silicon Valley Bank, a subsidiary of SVB Financial Group, is a U.S.-based high-tech commercial bank. The bank has helped fund more than 30,000 start-ups. SVB is on the list of largest banks in the United States, and is the biggest bank in Silicon Valley based on local deposits.
The bank is also one of the largest providers of financial services to wine producers in Napa Valley. |
9825_1 | History
Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was founded in 1982 by Bill Biggerstaff and Robert Medearis over a poker game. Its first office opened in 1983 on North First Street in San Jose. The Palo Alto office opened in 1985. The bank’s main strategy was collecting deposits from businesses financed through venture capital. It then expanded into banking and financing venture capitalists themselves, and added services aimed at allowing the bank to keep clients as they matured from their startup phase. In 1986, SVB merged with National InterCity Bancorp and opened an office in Santa Clara. In 1988, the bank completed its IPO, raising $6 million. In the same year they opened another office in San Jose. In 1990, the bank opened its first office on the East Coast, near Boston. The following year, the bank went international with the launch of the companies Pacific Rim and Trade Finance.
By the mid-1990s, the bank had provided early venture capital to Cisco Systems and Bay Networks. |
9825_2 | In 1992, the bank was hit by the real estate burst (50% of the bank's assets) and recorded a $2.2 million yearly loss. In 1993, the bank's founding CEO, Roger V. Smith, was replaced by John C. Dean; Smith became Vice Chairman of the bank. Smith left in 1994 to launch the Smith Venture Group. In 1994, the bank launched its Premium Wine Practice activities. In 1995, the bank moved its headquarters from San Jose to Santa Clara. In 1997, SVB opened a branch in Atlanta. In 1999, the company was reincorporated in Delaware. From March 1999 to March 2000, SVB's stock value soared from $20 to $70.
In 2000, SVB opened a branch in Florida. In 2001, SVB Securities acquired the Palo Alto investment banking firm Alliant Partners for $100 million. Following the crash of the dot-com bubble, the bank's stock dropped 50%. In 2002, the bank began expanding its private banking business, which up to that point had been done primarily as a favor to wealthy venture capitalists and entrepreneurs. |
9825_3 | In 2004, the bank opened international subsidiaries in Bangalore, India, and London. In 2005 it opened offices in Beijing and Israel. In 2006, the bank began operations in the UK and opened its first branch there in 2012. In 2006, the bank also ceased its investment banking activities, launched after the 2001 dotcom crash.
In December 2008, SVB Financial received a $235 million investment from the U.S. Treasury through the Troubled Asset Relief Program. The U.S. Treasury received $10 million in dividends from Silicon Valley Bank and, in December 2009, the bank repurchased the outstanding stock and warrants held by the government, funding this through a stock sale of $300 million.
In April 2011, Ken Wilcox, who had been CEO since 2000, left the CEO position, while remaining Chairman of the Board; he was replaced by Greg Becker as CEO. |
9825_4 | In November 2012, the bank announced a 50-50 joint venture with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (SPDB) to provide capital to start-up technology entrepreneurs. In July 2015, the joint venture was granted approval by the China Bank Regulatory Commission (CBRC) to operate in renminbi (RMB), the official currency of the People’s Republic of China. This license allows the joint venture to provide banking products and services to its clients in local Chinese currency. According to the bank itself, in 2015 SVB was catering banking and financial services to 65% of all startups.
In March 2017, Michael R. Descheneaux was named president of the company. |
9825_5 | Operations
The company focuses on lending to technology companies, providing multiple services to venture capital, revenue-based financing and private equity firms that invest in technology and biotechnology, and also on private banking services for high-net-worth individuals, in its home market in Silicon Valley. In addition to taking deposits and making loans, the bank operates venture capital and private equity divisions that sometimes invest in the firm's commercial banking clients.
The bank is the largest bank in Silicon Valley in terms of deposits, with a 25.9% market share as of June 30, 2016.
The bank operates from 29 offices in the United States and has banking operations in:
London, United Kingdom
Hong Kong
Beijing and Shanghai, China
Herzliya Pituah, Israel
Frankfurt, Germany
Toronto, Canada
In addition, SVB Global Services India LLP is a non-banking subsidiary of SVB Financial Group in Bangalore, India providing IT and back office support.
References |
9825_6 | External links
1980s initial public offerings
1982 establishments in California
Banks based in California
American companies established in 1982
Banks established in 1982
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Companies based in Santa Clara, California |
9826_0 | Black Hour, often stylized as Blackhour, () is a Pakistani progressive rock band from Islamabad, founded in 2007 by guitarist Hashim Mehmood. After several lineup changes in its early years, the band settled on four members for more than a decade: Hashim Mehmood, drummer Daim Mehmood, bassist Salman Afzal and lead vocalist Tayyab Rehman. Black Hour has consistently incorporated progressive, folk, classical, and alternative influences into its compositions, as well as strong influences from heavy metal, especially in their early works. |
9826_1 | Black Hour has released two studio albums and one live album. The band released its debut album Age of War in 2011, which garnered them critical success and began to create a cult following for the band outside of Pakistan. In 2016, Black Hour released their best selling album Sins Remain, which received accolades from around the globe, with Aaron Yurkiewicz from Metal Rules rating the album 4/5 and Rock Hard giving positive reviews, comparing the band's music with Iron Maiden. The band came into the highlight when they went on Pepsi Battle of the Bands and shifted their musical lyrics from English to Urdu in 2019 and released their third studio album, Woh Jahan (Another Universe) in February 2021.
History
Formation and early years (2007–2009) |
9826_2 | Black Hour was formed as a heavy metal band in 2007 in Islamabad, Pakistan, by lead guitarist Hashim Mehmood. In 2007, Hashim asked his college friends, Hasan Rauf and Saad Javed to join Black Hour on guitars and bass alongside his brother Daim Mehmood to be the drummer of the band. After several line-up changes, in 2008, the band recruited Tayyab Rehman on vocals and in an interview with Metalhead Spotted, confirmed, "Tayyab suddenly clicked with the band" after meeting the lead guitarist, Hashim Mehmood. This prompted the band to perform in the local metal scene and gaining recognition in Pakistan. Soon after in 2009, Hasan Rauf left the band and was replaced by Mubbashir Sheikh on guitars.
Age of War (2010–2014) |
9826_3 | With Rehman as the vocalist and Sheikh on guitars, Black Hour went on to perform and participate at various underground musical competitions and after three successive wins at the Underground Battle of the Bands in Pakistan and getting acclaim for their the singles, "Age of War" and "Salvation", the band decided to work on their debut album in the mid of 2010. During an interview with Metalindia Magazine, "it wasn't until 2009 that Black Hour became what it is today. And although it's a cliché but the journey hasn't been very smooth for Blackhour, but then again our fans, friends and family have always been there to help us through some really tough times, and we wouldn't be where we are today if it weren't for each and every one of them", Rehman said on Age of War, the debut album by the band. |
9826_4 | Black Hour recorded its debut album, Age of War, at 11/8 Studios in Islamabad, Pakistan in 2010. However, the album was not released until October 25, 2011 via Yourlabel Records in the United States of America and by Afterwind Records in Pakistan. The album sold over 10,000 copies worldwide and helped the band gain success both locally and internationally. Soon after a few live shows in Pakistan, Black Hour returned to the studio to begin work on a second album and went on to perform on the World Music Day with their new single titled "Winds of Change" and "Battle Cry" from their upcoming second album in June 2013. |
9826_5 | Sins Remain (2015–2018) |
9826_6 | In 2015, Black Hour signed with Transcending Obscurity, an Indian record label, for the release of their second studio album titled Sins Remain. In July, the band went on to release their first single "Wind of Change" from their upcoming second studio album, with Unite Asia referring the band as the Iron Maiden of Pakistan and praised the song saying, "the vocal chops on the song "Wind of Change" and get ready to be pleasantly surprised by how the band fully wears their influences on their sleeves even up to the recording/production of the song." On August 27, the band collaborated and performed with former Guns N' Roses lead guitarist, Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal at Lok Virsa Open Air Theater during his tour to Pakistan. On November 23, the group went on to perform a theatrical album launch show at the Lok Virsa Open Air Theater in Islamabad, Pakistan. The band while in conversation with Youlin Magazine regarding the album, said "music has never been a means of pleasing the audience; |
9826_7 | rather, it serves as an outlet to express ourselves, which is why we chose to stick to the genre of heavy metal, and furthered our musical expression through English lyrical content." Hashim Mehmood, in an interview to Trendcrusher said the album "was a challenge for the band. With Age of War, it was just me, Tayyab and Hasan Rauf (ex-member) who were involved in the writing process so it was easy to carry. But with this one we decided that each member should bring about their creative process into the songwriting and thus, each song is so much different from the other that you get to hear the versatility of each member." |
9826_8 | On 5 January 2016, the band released Sins Remain and received critical acclaim from multiple metal forums and magazines. Wonderbox Metal, while reviewing the album, praised the band and the album, saying, "this is an album that embraces what True Heavy Metal is all about; attitude, passion, songcraft and pure, molten delivery." Aaron Yurkiewicz from Metal Rules wrote, "refreshing to hear a new band that’s non-committal to any particular metal sub-genre and that just totally embraces the whole family with passion and enthusiasm. Such is the case with Islamabad’s Black Hour and their sophomore release Sins Remain" and Metal Odyssey wrote, "the band forges a sound that is bound to hold appeal to any metal fan, old or new". Metal Underground Austria gave a critical review and rated the album 3/5, while the album was applauded by critics at the Metal Zone Magazine from Greece. Dave Hodges, critic and writer, from The Metal Observer reviewed Sins Remain and said, "Black Hour have put |
9826_9 | together a decent set of tunes here" and gave a rating of 7/10 overall, while Glacially Musical gave a positive review that Black Hour "extensive ability to create sound and melody, their solos soar well past melodic, into epic." In August, Metal Temple reviewed the album, saying "Sins Remain is actually a record that is worth checking out for everybody" and Kyle McGinn from Dead Rhetoric stated, that the album is "a solid sophomore attempt" by the band, while MetalSucks said, "Sins Remain holds its own as “non-annoying radio metal,” with classic twists of course." |
9826_10 | On May 7, 2017, lead guitarist Hashim Mehmood went on to release his debut solo instrumental album titled Mood Swings. On September 22, Black Hour appeared on the documentary The Magic Begins featuring the band's performance at Echo Rock Fest 2016 in Islamabad.
Pepsi Battle of the Bands and Live: Volume I (2019)
Black Hour shifted their musical lyrics from English to Urdu in 2019 and appeared on Pepsi Battle of the Bands fourth season with the performance of their Potwari language single "Daulat". The performance and the song was lauded by Bilal Maqsood, one of the judges at the television series, with The Express Tribune reporting, "Bilal Maqsood aptly pointed out how the rawness and loudness of the language suited their music well and wouldn’t have worked so effortlessly in Urdu", while Daily Times said, "the organic quality and clarity of direction and purpose pushed the band to the next round." |
9826_11 | On July 19, the band performed their second single titled "Aik Nayi Subh", originally a literary piece by Ibn-e-Insha, on the fourth episode of the television series and got positive feedback from judging panel, which included, Fawad Khan, Meesha Shafi and Strings and allowed the band to qualify for the top eight bands round. Something Haute said, "the song, as corroborated by Meesha, had a very concert sound and the lead vocalist powerful vocals supported it thoroughly" and MangoBaaz cited that "due to Black Hour’s range and overall cohesion, the judges chose them to go to the next round." On July 26, in the next round of Pepsi Battle of the Bands, Black Hour performed a rendition of "Tum Hi Se Aye Mujahido" by Alamgir Haq and went into the top four bands round alongside Auj, Aarish and E Sharp. MangoBaaz reported that the cover song "rendition was goosebump-inducing and hit all the right notes" and Maheen Sabeeh, music critic, from The News International giving a critical review |
9826_12 | wrote, "Black Hour just couldn’t decide if they aim to entertain or carry their chosen genre forward full scale." In their final appearance at the show, Maheen Sabeeh from The News International said, "Black Hour went with an original called "Tanhaiyaan" with "Tanhai" by Fringe Benefits and showcased strong musicianship, picked good songs to mash", which received mix reviews from the panel judges, with Faisal Kapadia saying the performance was a “rollercoaster” ride. |
9826_13 | After the band's exit from Pepsi Battle of the Bands fourth season, Black Hour went on to releasing a live album Live: Volume I of their performances at the television series and went on tour performing on various festivals and concerts, most notably at the Lahore Auto Show 2019 in November and at the Pepsi Battle of the Band's Tour with Mekaal Hasan Band in December 2019. On December 15, Black Hour released a studio version of their single "Aik Nayi Subh" with a music video. Bolojawan named and listed "Aik Nayi Subh" by Black Hour as part of the list 10 Pakistani Music Moments Of 2019, saying the song "stood out" amongst others in Pepsi Battle of Bands.
Woh Jahan (2020–present) |
9826_14 | On September 22, 2020, Black Hour released a visualiser of their single "Husn-e-Haqiqi", a Sufi kafi written by Khwaja Ghulam Farid, from their upcoming third studio album. In an interview with Unite Asia, the band confirmed they re-released a remastered version of their debut album Age of War (2011) via Rearts and are set to release their third studio album Woh Jahan in February 2021. Hashim Mehmood, while talking about the band's upcoming third studio release, added that “the next album is a mix of rock n’ roll, progressive tones, and heavy riffs which are both inspired from Eastern and Western melodies and the album will entirely be in Urdu, being our first Urdu language studio album and third overall album as part of our discography”. |
9826_15 | On February 14, Maheen Sabeeh from The News International reported, Black Hour is releasing their third album which is “scheduled for release on February 19th, the album comprises seven tracks in total with two music videos, "Aik Nayi Subh" and "Husn-e-Haqiqi", having released in the previous year”. On February 19, Maíra Watanabe from WikiMetal said, “the new Black Hour work brings a range of emotions, versatility and portraits, a new structure for the South Asian progressive rock music scene”. On February 20, Unite Asia, praised the album saying "the shift starts off with a massive nod to the 80’s of hard rock with HUGE earth-shattering vocals. Goddamn the dude can sing. This record is clearly way outside of our world of hardcore and punk rock – but good music done properly with heart and soul deserves support regardless." Tayyab Khalil from Rockistan reviewed the album, saying “Woh Jahan is an avalanche of great rock tracks and definitely worth checking out”. |
9826_16 | Musical style and influences
As Black Hour's primary songwriter and lyricist, vocalist/guitarist Tayyab Rehman alongside lead guitarist Hashim Mehmood heads the direction of Black Hour's sound. Both Rehman and Mehmood were influenced at a young age by the 1980s progressive rock bands Guns N' Roses, Metallica and Porcupine Tree, and heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, Alice in Chains, Judas Priest and Black Sabbath. |
9826_17 | Lisa Fingerhut, from MetalInside, has compared the band's music with Iron Maiden and Alice in Chains, saying "Black Hour are tonally somewhere between Iron Maiden and Alice in Chains, which, especially in combination with many influences from other genres, makes them interesting for the average European metal musician." Black Hour's distinct sound mixes heavy metal with alternative rock. Aaron Yurkiewicz from Metal Rules refers that Black Hour's sound take "cues from both classic and more modern trappings". In his review of Black Hour's 2016 album Sins Remain, FFM-Rock's Michael Toscher wrote, "Straightforward melodies, neatly played, cross-eyed grooveriffs and twin guitar harmonies, as well as a powerfully expressive vocal pattern of their fronter who bridges the gap between robust, hard voice phrasing, heroic stretched parts and soft timbre". Matt Bacon of Two Guys Metal Reviews stated, "Blackhour understand the fundamental topres of the metal world and are pushing it forward in a |
9826_18 | country that desperately needs it". Hashim Mehmood commented on the sound of Black Hour's music, while talking to WikiMetal: |
9826_19 | The thing is that Maiden has really inspired me, and the way they produce their melodious tracks, and the way that their heavy metal is, in a way, very melodic, so we kind of try to put that in Blackhour as well, we want that, we want to make our songs very melodic, and we want songs that really touch the hearts of people, that they can head bang to, or jump, or whatever they feel like doing. So mainly, for me, it’s this inspiration, I try to put that in my songs, in our songs. |
9826_20 | More recently, Black Hour have abandoned their heavy metal sound resulting in a mellower progressive/alternative rock sound and have moved their lyrics from English to Urdu language. Areeba Mukhtiar, from Runaway Pakistan, referred the band with their new sound as "a unit with a diverse set of music and abilities". When talking about Woh Jahan (2021) to Unite Asia, guitarist Hashim Mehmood stated, "a mix of rock n’ roll, progressive tones, and heavy riffs which are both inspired from Eastern and Western melodies and the album will entirely be in Urdu, being our first Urdu language studio album and third overall album as part of our discography."
Discography
Age of War (2011)
Sins Remain (2016)
Woh Jahan (2021)
Band members
Current members
Tayyab Rehman – lead vocals (2009–present)
Daim Mehmood – drums (2007–present)
Hashim Mehmood – lead guitar, backing vocals (2007–present)
Salman Afzal – bass (2007–present) |
9826_21 | Former members
Hasan Rauf – rhythm guitar (2007–2009)
Saad Javed – bass, backing vocals (2007–2009)
Mubbashir Sheikh – rhythm guitar, lead guitar (2009–2017)
See also
Pepsi Battle of the Bands
Pakistani rock
References
External links
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups from Islamabad
Musical quartets
Musical quintets
Pakistani musical groups
Pakistani rock music groups
Pakistani progressive rock groups
Pakistani heavy metal musical groups |
9827_0 | Shin Tae-yong (, Hanja: 申台龍; born on 11 October 1970) is a South Korean former player and professional football manager who is currently managing the Indonesia national football team.
Playing career
He earned the nickname "Fox of the Ground" by clearly distinguishing when passing and dribbling with sensual and intelligent play. As a player, he was an attacking midfielder and mainly played in the middle offensive position. |
9827_1 | After graduating Yeungnam University, Shin played 12 seasons for Ilhwa Chunma. He won the K League Young Player of the Year Award in 1992, the first year of his professional career. He was a key player for Ilhwa Chunma when they won the K League for three consecutive years from 1993 to 1995. Especially in 1995, he became the Most Valuable Player of the K League, and also won the Asian Club Championship in the end of the year. Afterward, Ilhwa Chunma had faltered for a while, but they succeeded in conquering the league again under Shin's contribution. They once again won the league for three consecutive years from 2001 to 2003, and he also won his second MVP Award in 2001. He scored 99 goals, and provided 68 assists in 401 K League games including the Korean League Cup. He could become a one-club man of Ilhwa Chunma, but he finished his playing career in an Australian club, Queensland Roar. He is regarded as one of the greatest K League players of all time, and was selected for the K |
9827_2 | League 30th Anniversary Best XI in 2013. |
9827_3 | Drafted by the Queensland Roar in the Australian A-League in 2005, he retired due to an ankle problem. He accepted an assistant coaching role at the club, assisting Miron Bleiberg primarily with technical skills.
He played 23 international matches including the 1996 AFC Asian Cup for the South Korea national team.
Managerial career |
Subsets and Splits
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