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9817_30 | Special tools are available for the maintenance of bonsai. The most common tool is the concave cutter (5th from left in picture), a tool designed to prune flush, without leaving a stub. Other tools include branch bending jacks, wire pliers and shears of different proportions for performing detail and rough shaping.
Soil and fertilization
Bonsai soil is usually a loose, fast-draining mix of components, often a base mixture of coarse sand or gravel, fired clay pellets, or expanded shale combined with an organic component such as peat or bark. The inorganic components provide mechanical support for bonsai roots, and—in the case of fired clay materials—also serve to retain moisture. The organic components retain moisture and may release small amounts of nutrients as they decay. |
9817_31 | In Japan, bonsai soil mixes based on volcanic clays are common. The volcanic clay has been fired at some point in time to create porous, water-retaining pellets. Varieties such as akadama, or "red ball" soil, and kanuma, a type of yellow pumice used for azaleas and other calcifuges, are used by many bonsai growers. Similar fired clay soil components are extracted or manufactured in other countries around the world, and other soil components like diatomaceous earth can fill a similar purpose in bonsai cultivation. |
9817_32 | Opinions about fertilizers and fertilization techniques vary widely among practitioners. Some promote the use of organic fertilizers to augment an essentially inorganic soil mix, while others will use chemical fertilizers freely. Many follow the general rule of little and often, where a dilute fertilizer solution or a small amount of dry fertilizer are applied relatively frequently during the tree's growing season. The flushing effect of regular watering moves unmetabolized fertilizer out of the soil, preventing the potentially toxic build-up of fertilizer ingredients.
Pest management |
9817_33 | The common pests afflicting bonsai include insects both above and beneath the soil, and infections, usually fungal. A tree grown as a bonsai is subject to the pests that affect the same species full-grown, and also to pests common to other potted plants. Most pests are species-specific, so a detailed understanding of the specific bonsai species is necessary for identifying and treating most pests. The same materials and techniques used for other affected plants can be applied to the bonsai, with some relatively minor variation. Pesticide chemicals are usually diluted more for bonsai than for a larger plant, as a regular-strength application may overwhelm the smaller bonsai's biological processes.
Location |
9817_34 | Outdoors
Bonsai are sometimes marketed or promoted as house plants, but few of the traditional bonsai species can thrive or even survive inside a typical house. Most bonsai are grown outdoors. The best guideline to identifying a suitable growing environment for a bonsai is its native hardiness. If the bonsai grower can closely replicate the full year's temperatures, relative humidity, and sunlight, the bonsai should do well. In practice, this means that trees from a hardiness zone closely matching the grower's location will generally be the easiest to grow, and others will require more work or will not be viable at all.
Indoors |
9817_35 | Tropical and Mediterranean species typically require consistent temperatures close to room temperature, and with correct lighting and humidity many species can be kept indoors all year. Those from cooler climates may benefit from a winter dormancy period, but temperatures need not be dropped as far as for the temperate climate plants and a north-facing windowsill or open window may provide the right conditions for a few winter months.
See also
Bonsai
Indoor bonsai
Bonsai aesthetics
Penjing – Chinese precursor to bonsai
Saikei – tray gardens using live trees
References
External links
Bonsai
Horticultural techniques |
9818_0 | William Aloysius Bergen (June 13, 1878 – December 19, 1943) was an American professional baseball catcher. He played eleven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1901 to 1911 for the Cincinnati Reds and Brooklyn Superbas/Dodgers. He was one of the worst-hitting position players in the history of the Major Leagues, but was also one of the best defensive catchers of all time. |
9818_1 | At the plate |
9818_2 | Bergen was a fine defensive catcher whose dubious claim to fame was his offensive ineptitude. No one played in the major leagues as long as Bill Bergen and hit so poorly. Bergen had 3,028 career at-bats, during which he compiled a batting average of .170 (516/3028), a record low for players with more than 2,500 plate appearances. Pitchers are traditionally the weakest-hitting player in the lineup, yet three hurlers with more than 2,500 plate appearances accrued higher career batting averages than Bergen: Pud Galvin with .201, Bobby Mathews with .203, and Cy Young with .210. Among position players (non-pitchers), the next lowest career batting average is Billy Sullivan with .213 (a remarkable .043 differential). Bergen's career on-base percentage (OBP) was .194—he is the only player with at least 500 at-bats who tallied an OBP under .200. During five of his major league seasons, both his OBP and slugging percentage were under .200. He hit only two home runs in his career—and both were |
9818_3 | inside-the-park. In 1909, Bergen hit .139, the lowest average in history for a player with the minimum number of plate appearances to qualify for the batting title. From 1904 to 1911, Dodger pitchers as a group outhit Bergen, .169 to .162. |
9818_4 | Per 150 games played (extended to an average MLB season), Bergen averaged only 11 extra-base hits and 15 walks. In five seasons his on-base average and his slugging percentage were both under .200. Throughout his 3,229 career plate appearances, Bergen was never hit by a pitch, a major league record that stood for over 85 years until broken by Mark Lemke in 1997. |
9818_5 | In 1909, Bergen set another record for futility with a span of 45 consecutive at-bats without a base hit, which at the time was the longest streak ever by a position player (non-pitcher). The record stood for 102 years, and was broken in 2011 by Eugenio Vélez (who also, coincidentally, played for the Dodgers). (The record was again broken in 2019 when Chris Davis of the Baltimore Orioles went 0-for-54.) Baseball historian Craig Wright wrote, "Forgotten today is how close Bergen came to extending his record. He ended his streak with what was described as a 'lucky hit,' an infield hit he beat out after his grounder 'caromed off [pitcher Ed Reulbach]'s glove.” |
9818_6 | Behind the plate
Despite his lack of batting skills, Bergen remained an active major leaguer for so long because he played in an era when pitching dominated and he was a first-rate defensive catcher. In 1908, The Sporting News called him one of the best catchers in the game. Charles Faber, in his book Baseball Ratings, called Bergen the third-best defensive catcher in history, behind Gabby Hartnett and Pop Snyder, and ahead of Johnny Edwards and Roy Campanella. Total Baseball ranks Bergen the fifth-best defensive catcher of all-time. By the measure of win shares, Bergen was the second best defensive catcher in the majors during his career, trailing only Ossee Schreckengost of the Philadelphia Athletics. |
9818_7 | Bergen ranks ninth on the all-time list for assists by a catcher with 1,444, despite never being a full-time player. His .989 fielding percentage in 1908 set a record (since broken) for catchers. On August 23, 1909, he threw out six St. Louis Cardinals who attempted to steal bases, which tied the record. The record was in question for quite some time due to inconsistent reporting, but has been accepted to be six. That year Bergen threw out 138 attempted steals in only 112 games behind the plate. His career percentage for throwing out base-stealers was 47.3%, as compared to a league average of 45% in that timeframe. He led the league in Caught Steals in 1906 and 1909. |
9818_8 | Bergen tallied 100 assists as a catcher in nine seasons (in seven of which he caught less than 100 games), leading the league in 1904, 1906, and 1909. By comparison, the following Hall of Fame catchers reached 100 assists in a season the following number of times (despite in most cases playing far more games each season than Bergen) : Johnny Bench (1); Yogi Berra (0); Mickey Cochrane (0); Ray Schalk (10); Roger Bresnahan (6); Roy Campanella (0); Gary Carter (4); Bill Dickey (4); Carlton Fisk (0); Gabby Hartnett (2); Ernie Lombardi (0); Rick Ferrell (0); and Buck Ewing (4). |
9818_9 | Most of the teams for which Bergen played were not very good, which could partly explain his being retained on rosters year after year. The Dodgers had a losing record every year Bergen was on the team, including a dismal 48–104 record in 1905. (The 1903 Cincinnati Reds were the only team he played on that finished with a winning record.) After he was released from the big leagues, Bergen played in the minor leagues until 1914. He coached and managed in minor league ball until 1920, at which point he retired from the game.
Personal life
Bergen died in Worcester, Massachusetts, on December 19, 1943, of heart disease. He is buried at St. John Cemetery, in Worcester.
His brother, Marty Bergen was a big-league catcher for the Boston Beaneaters, and suffered from severe mental illness. Marty Bergen brutally murdered his family and committed suicide in 1900.
See also
Dead-ball era
Batting average
On-base percentage
Mendoza Line
References
External links |
9818_10 | Pepper, Al. Mendoza's Heroes: Fifty Batters Below .200.
Webpage dedicated to Bergen
Major League Baseball catchers
Cincinnati Reds players
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Brooklyn Superbas players
Baseball players from Worcester, Massachusetts
1878 births
1943 deaths
Pawtucket Tigers players
Taunton Herrings players
Fort Wayne Indians players
Baltimore Orioles (IL) players
Newark Indians players
Scranton Miners players
People from North Brookfield, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Worcester County, Massachusetts |
9819_0 | The Incredible Hulk Coaster is a launched roller coaster located at Universal's Islands of Adventure within the Universal Orlando Resort. Designed by Werner Stengel and manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M), the roller coaster is themed after Marvel's Hulk and opened to the public on May 28, 1999. It is the first B&M coaster themed to a Marvel Comics superhero character and the first to feature a launch design, a system that was primarily implemented by Universal Creative and MTS Systems Corporation. |
9819_1 | The Incredible Hulk Coaster's launched lift hill accelerates the train up to in approximately two seconds and eventually reaches a maximum speed of . Riders experience seven inversions throughout the course of the ride, which was positively received when it opened. The park temporarily closed the coaster on September 8, 2015, for a major refurbishment that included an updated line queue, a modified theme, new sections of track, and new trains that feature on-board audio. It reopened to the public on August 4, 2016. |
9819_2 | History
In 1991, planning began for a new theme park adjacent to Universal Studios Florida. By the end of 1993, it was decided that one area of the future Islands of Adventure theme park would be themed after Marvel Comics, with a Hulk theme being selected for a thrill ride. The designers of the ride wanted to simulate being fired out of a cannon and subsequently set about prototyping a launch system. Universal Creative and MTS Systems Corporation had a working prototype in January 1995. Methods to achieve this acceleration were investigated into mid-1996. On-site construction of Islands of Adventure was underway in 1997, with Superior Rigging & Erection being responsible for erecting the supports and track of the roller coaster. On May 28, 1999, Islands of Adventure officially opened to the public, with The Incredible Hulk being one of its debut attractions. |
9819_3 | On August 14, 2015, Universal announced that the coaster would undergo major enhancement and refurbishment work. The ride closed on September 8, 2015, and re-opened to the public on August 4, 2016, after several days of technical rehearsals. The refurbishment involved heavy modifications to the line queue and entrance, along with a storyline theme. To improve the smoothness of the ride, sections of track were also replaced along with the trains, which were enhanced with on-board audio and special lighting effects. The launch tunnel's exterior was repainted black and the old track and trains were recycled for scrap.
Concept art released in 2015 for the upcoming Universal Studios Beijing showed that the park would include a clone of the Incredible Hulk Coaster. However, Universal later clarified in 2019 that the depicted roller coaster clone would instead be themed to the Transformers franchise.
Characteristics |
9819_4 | The Incredible Hulk is a sitting coaster by Swiss firm Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M). The ride features seven inversions including a zero-G roll, a cobra roll, two vertical loops, and two corkscrews. The ride features a maximum height of , and a first drop stretching . Riders reach a top speed of on the two-and-a-quarter minute ride. Each of The Incredible Hulk's trains feature eight cars which seat riders four abreast, giving each train a maximum capacity of 32 riders. Riders, who must be at least tall, are restrained with ratcheting over-the-shoulder restraints. This train configuration allows the ride to achieve a theoretical hourly capacity of 1,920 riders per hour. The ride features two subterranean dives, is partially built over water, and is illuminated green at night. |
9819_5 | A unique launch system propels riders up the hill. The system was developed by Universal Creative and MTS Systems Corporation. A prototype launch system was designed by January 1995. The prototype consisted of a series of boxcars welded together to form a launch tunnel. A track-mounted dune buggy was then propelled inside the tunnel through the use of a weight drop launch mechanism. The designers then experimented with different rates of acceleration, each emitting between one and five times the force of gravity. The final system which was implemented on The Incredible Hulk sees trains launch from 0 to in 2 seconds. Riders travel at an angle of 30 degrees through a tunnel, pulling 1 G. To power this launch the designers investigated a variety of systems ranging from hydraulic, pneumatic, cable, steam catapult, and conveyor belt. In the end a drive tire system was selected, where 230 electrical motors power a set of tires that pinch the train's underside to provide propulsion. As |
9819_6 | this system required eight megawatts of power to propel each train, the park built several customized motor generator sets with large flywheels to reduce the risk of browning-out the local energy grid with every launch. The launch system made The Incredible Hulk the only B&M ride to feature a launch, until Thunderbird opened at Holiday World in 2015. Unlike The Incredible Hulk, Thunderbird uses a linear synchronous motor (LSM) launch system. |
9819_7 | Ride description
1999–2015
Queue
In the original version, the queue began with the science laboratory of Dr. Bruce Banner with many televisions showing a cartoon about the story of Hulk. Bruce tried to find a way to reverse the effects, which the guests were about to take part in. While walking through the lab they encountered items including the generator, the gamma core and the towers of power. Guests waiting in line were also able to see the roller coaster through large holes in the walls as well as listen to the ride as it did a number of passes.
Ride experience |
9819_8 | After boarding, the train moved into another area of the station themed as a gamma-ray accelerator, while a recording of Dr. Bruce Banner was played anxiously stating, "Everything looks good...I think...I think this time it's...going to work!" A female voice then exclaimed, "Warning! Coolant levels dropping!" and announced that there was a malfunction. Alarms began to sound inside the accelerator as Dr. Banner screamed in terror, "No! No! No! No!" The last "No!" was synchronized with the tire-propelled launch mechanism, which propelled the train from in 2 seconds at an upward angle exiting the station. |
9819_9 | Immediately after exiting the tunnel, the train entered a zero-g roll inverting element and plunged down a drop. The train then reached a max speed of , followed by a cobra roll over the park's main lagoon. The train then proceeded through a vertical loop, followed by a subterranean tunnel full of mist. Upon exiting the tunnel, the track encircled the station, sending the train into a corkscrew and a second vertical loop, which wrapped around the mid-course brake run and was flanked by two over-banked turns. This led into the mid-course brake run slowing the train before descending another hill into a second corkscrew and a turn-around. The train then tilted sideways during the final stretch of track as riders passed an on-ride camera and entered a helix, which ended at the coaster's final brake run.
2016–present |
9819_10 | Queue
Following a major refurbishment that was completed in 2016, a new, original storyline was added with a completely redesigned queue experience that places guests inside a perilous scientific experiment led by General Thaddeus Ross. The entrance features a statue of Hulk holding one of the ride's vehicles over his head, and arching tracks passing over him. These arching coaster tracks came from the original Hulk Roller Coaster. The televisions now show CGI animations of test subjects being exposed to gamma radiation and being transformed into Hulk-like creatures. As of April 2015, riders must pass through metal detectors and security personnel and must rid themselves of all loose items from their pockets. |
9819_11 | Ride experience
The refurbishment added new, immersive elements such as a revamped launch tunnel and audio speakers integrated on-board each train. After walking through the queue, guests arrive at General Ross' launching platform. After boarding, the train departs the platform and enters an area themed as a gamma core. The train begins to ascend a launch tunnel, while a female voice recording announces, "Initiating Gamma Exposure. Hulk Transformation: Accelerating. Do not be afraid." Visual and audio effects portraying the reaction of a gamma accelerator are activated, as a tire-propelled launch mechanism sends riders catapulting out of the launch tunnel. Riders experience the same track layout from the original Hulk ride that was rebuilt with new track pieces. An original score composed by Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy is played over the on-board speakers. |
9819_12 | Reception
The Incredible Hulk has been well received. In its debut year, the ride was voted the 1 roller coaster by Discovery Channel viewers, appearing on the Thrills, Chills and Spills documentary. Amusement Business described The Incredible Hulk as one of Islands of Adventure's two world-class roller coasters (the other being the now-dismantled Dueling Dragons, also known as the Dragon Challenge). Dewayne Bevil of the Orlando Sentinel rated the ride as his eighth favorite attraction in Orlando. He states the ride is "too intense to take back-to-back trips. It rattles our nerves, in a good way." Arthur Levine of About.com gave the ride 9 out of 10 stars. Levine describes the ride as "both terrifying and exhilarating" and "not for the faint of heart".
In Amusement Today's annual Golden Ticket Awards, The Incredible Hulk was consistently ranked until 2013. It debuted at position 19 in 1999 before reaching its peak ranking of 9 in 2001.
See also
Incidents at Universal parks |
9819_13 | References
External links
Amusement rides manufactured by MTS Systems Corporation
Amusement rides based on works by Stan Lee
Hulk (comics) in other media
Islands of Adventure
Licensed-properties at Universal Parks & Resorts
Roller coasters in Orlando, Florida
Roller coasters introduced in 1999
Roller coasters operated by Universal Parks & Resorts
Roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard
Universal Parks & Resorts attractions by name
Marvel Comics in amusement parks
Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States
1999 establishments in Florida
Roller coasters in Florida |
9820_0 | Constantin George Sandulescu (11 February 1933, Bucharest – 27 October 2018, Monte Carlo) was a Joycean scholar, but in the first place, he was a linguist with twelve years' experience in the Department of Theoretical Linguistics of the University of Stockholm in the 1970s and 1980s, specializing in Discourse Analysis. In that capacity he read a dozen or so papers at various international congresses (see texts below).
His education includes a B.A. degree (Bucharest), M.Phil. (Leeds) and PhD (Essex). George Sandulescu has worked as a researcher at university level for 12 years in Romania (between 1957 and 1969), for 12 years in Sweden (from 1970 to 1982), and for 12 years in the Principality of Monaco (from 1984 to 1996). He taught at Bucharest University between 1962 and 1969. He has lived, worked, and conducted research and teaching in major institutions in Romania, Sweden, Great Britain, the United States and Italy. |
9820_1 | After the death in 1983 of Princess Grace of Monaco, he substantially assisted in founding the Monaco library bearing her name, and organised important International Conferences there devoted to James Joyce (1985 and 1990), William Butler Yeats (1987), Samuel Beckett (1991), and Oscar Wilde (1993). On the invitation of Prince Rainier III, and together with the British writer Anthony Burgess, also a resident of Monaco, George Sandulescu was one of the founders of the Princess Grace Irish Library of Monaco—the fundamental purpose of which was to publish literary criticism in two distinct series of publications, produced by Colin Smythe Ltd., of Gerrards Cross. More than 25 volumes were published in the period from 1985 to 1997; the programme had stopped by 2000. |
9820_2 | George Sandulescu attended most James Joyce Conventions, Conferences and get-togethers which took place in Europe (and some of them in the United States) between the years 1975 and 1990. (The same applied to both Theoretical and Practical Linguistics during the same period of time.)He stopped in 1990, after having organized the 12th James Joyce Symposium in the Principality of Monaco.
As Director of the Princess Grace Irish Library between 1982 and 1996, George Sandulescu made a point of organizing World Congresses in Monaco, devoted to the Irish writers Wilde, Yeats, Joyce and Beckett. Both the Director Sandulescu, the Reigning Family, the Trustees of the Library, and the Principality as a whole invited the families of these four writers to actively participate in the event, as an essential point in the success and completeness of these manifestations (see Proceedings below). |
9820_3 | Literary criticism
C. George Sandulescu, The Joycean Monolgue. A Study of Ulysses, A Wake Newslitter Press, Colchester, Essex (England), 1979; revised for The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest
C. George Sandulescu, The Language of the Devil, Texture and Archetype in Finnegans Wake, Colin Smythe Ltd. of London and Dufour Editions of Chester Springs, Pennsylvania, 1987
Assessing the 1984 Ulysses. The Princess Grace Irish Library. Signed, Eds. C. George Sandulescu, Clive Hart, Colin Smythe (1986)
Rediscovering Oscar Wilde, Ed. C.George Sandulescu, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. (6 December 1994)
Images of Joyce: Volume 1, Eds. Clive Hart, C. George Sandulescu, Bonnie K. Scott, and Fritz Senn, A Colin Smythe Publication (12 November 1998)
Images of Joyce: Volume 2, Eds. Clive Hart, C. George Sandulescu, Bonnie K. Scott, and Fritz Senn, A Colin Smythe Publication (12 November 1998) |
9820_4 | Beckett and Beyond, Ed. C. George Sandulescu, Colin Smythe Ltd. (10 May 1999)
George Sandulescu, Two Great Translators into English – Leviţchi and Duţescu – Two Personalities to Remember
Mihail C. Vlădescu: Opere complete (ed.and author of A New Noica of Long Ago: Mihail C. Vlădescu)
Constantin Noica: Doing Time (ed. and author of Atitudinea Noica)
Noica Anthology. Volume Two: General Philosophy, edited by C. George Sandulescu, Contemporary Literature Press (Bucharest University)
Noica Anthology. Volume Three: Rostirea româneascǎ de la Eminescu cetire, edited by C. George Sandulescu, Contemporary Literature Press (Bucharest University)
Counterfeiting Noica! Controversatul Noica rǎsare din nou!, edited by C. George Sandulescu, Contemporary Literature Press (Bucharest University)
C. George Sandulescu, English Grammar Exercises,The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest |
9820_5 | A Manual for the Advanced Study of James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake in One Hundred Volumes by C. George Sandulescu and Lidia Vianu, including the full text of Finnegans Wake, line-numbered, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest
C. George Sandulescu, A Lexicon of Romanian in Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest]
C. George Sandulescu, A Lexicon of Common Scandinavian in Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest]
C. George Sandulescu, A Lexicon of Allusions and Motifs in Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest]
C. George Sandulescu, A Lexicon of "Small" Languages in Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest]
C. George Sandulescu, A Total Lexicon of Part Four of Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press, under the University of Bucharest] |
9820_6 | C. George Sandulescu, UnEnglish English in Finnegans Wake. The First Hundred Pages. Pages 003 to 103, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, UnEnglish English in Finnegans Wake. The Second Hundred Pages. Pages 104 to 216, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, UnEnglish English in Finnegans Wake. Part Two of the Book. Pages 219 to 399, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, Lexicon Volume Ten. UnEnglish English in Finnegans Wake. The Last Two Hundred Pages. Parts Three and Four of Finnegans Wake. Pages 403 to 628, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, Lexicon Volume Eleven. Literary Allusions in Finnegans Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, Finnegans Wake Motifs I, II, and III, The Contemporary Literature Press] |
9820_7 | C. George Sandulescu, Finnegans Wake without Tears. The Honuphrius & A Few Others FW Interludes properly paraphrased for the general public, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, Dublin English in the Wake, The Contemporary Literature Press]
C. George Sandulescu, Oscar Wilde's Salome: 120 Years Old!, The Contemporary Literature Press] |
9820_8 | Language and linguistics
coauthor of English Grammar, Editura Didactica si Pedagogica, Bucharest, 1963
coauthor of Shakespeare and His Critics, Editura pentru Literatura Universala, Bucharest, 1963
Constantin Sandulescu, Exercitii de gramatica engleza, Editura Stiintifica, Bucharest, 1964
coauthor of Banking English, A Specialized Course in English, Tjänstemännens, Bildningsverksamhet, Stockholm, 1971
coauthor of Banking English Workbook, A Collection of Exercises, TBV, Stockholm, 1971
coeditor of Modern Language Teaching to Adults: Language for Special Purposes, AIMAV (Bruxelles) si DIDIER (Paris). 1973
Papers in theoretical and applied linguistics |
9820_9 | Theory of discourse: 1972 to 1978
InterDisciplinary Aspects of Discourse Analysis, 1974 – Paper given at the Congress of Applied Linguistics which took place in Stuttgart in the summer of 1974. Proceedings edited by Gerhard Nickel and Albert Raasch.
Presupposition, Assertion and Discourse Structure, 1975 – Paper given at the Helsinki Conference, and published in Reports on Text Linguistics: Approaches to Word Order, edited by Nils-Erik Enkvist and Viljo Kohonen. Meddelanden från Åbo Akademi Forskningsinstitut, No. 8, pages 197 – 214.
Displacement Constraints on Discourse, 1975 – Paper given at the Second Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics held at Lysebu (outside Oslo) between 19 and 20 April 1975; and published in: Papers from the Second Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Lysebu, 19–20 April 1975, edited by Even Hovdhougen; issued by the Department of Linguistics of the University of Oslo, Norway, 411 pages. |
9820_10 | Mapping Discourse Structure, 1976 – Paper given at the Third International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics, held at the University of Texas at Austin between 5 and 9 April 1976, and published in The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics 3, Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics, edited by John Weinstock, pages 497–502.
Theory & Practice in Analysing Discourse, 1976 – Paper given at the Stuttgart Congress of Applied Linguistics in 1976, and published in the Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Applied Linguistics, pages 349 to 365.
Structuring Discourse Connectors, 1976 – Paper prepared for the Third Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, which took place in Helsinki, in October 1976. Part Two of the present paper had by then already been submitted for presentation at the 1977 Vienna Congress of Linguists. |
9820_11 | Linguistic Intuition, 1976 – Paper given in March 1976 at the 27th Annual Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics, that year devoted to "Semantics: Theory & Application", The 'English for Special Purposes' Section.
Only Connect . . ., 1976 – Paper given by C. George SANDULESCU in 1976, at the Third Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, which took place at Hanasaari, near Helsinki, in Finland, between 1 and 3 October 1976; the Proceedings, edited by Fred KARLSSON were issued by the Text Linguistics Research Group of the Academy of Finland, Turku/Åbo, 1976, 404+16 pages. |
9820_12 | Language teaching principles: 1971 to 1978
Contrastive Analysis, 1971 – Paper given in English at the Nordic Summer University (Nordiska sommaruniversitetet) in August 1971 at their session in Jyväskylä, Finland, within the Section devoted to Språkbeskrivning (Language Description).
Language for Special Purposes, 1973 – Published in Modern Language Teaching to Adults: Language for Special Purposes. edited by M. de Greve, M. Gorosch, C. G. Sandulescu and F.Van Passel. Being The Second AIMAV Seminar of ASLA, Stockholm, 27–30 April 1972. Printed by AIMAV in Bruxelles and DIDIER in Paris. 1973. Paperback. 290 pp. The above paper by C. George SANDULESCU appears in the book on pages 87 to 89.
Anatomy of Motivation, 1974 – Paper given at the IATEFL Conference, London, January 1974; the account was published in the IATEFL Newsletter No. 33, May 1974. |
9820_13 | Readability, 1976 – Paper given at the Tenth Annual TESOL Convention (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages), which took place in New York City from 1 to 7 March 1976. Published in the Conference Proceedings.
Semiotics of Modern Language Teaching, 1972 – Paper given at the Third International Congress of Applied Linguistics, The Section of Modern Language Teaching for Adults, which took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 21 to 26 August 1972. Published in the Congress Proceedings.
Mention versus Use, 1977 – Paper given at the Ninth International Conference of IATEFL (International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language) held at Oxford in January 1977. Published in IATEFL Newsletter, The Bulletin of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, No. 51, January 1978, pages 31 to 34. |
9820_14 | References
External links
C. George Sandulescu's Official Site
Executive Advisor of Contemporary Literature Press
Lidia Vianu, ed., Heureux qui, comme Ulysse... C.G. Sandulescu: Welcome Back, Contemporary Literature Press
, Princess Grace Irish Library books
, Colin Smythe books
1933 births
Alumni of the University of Essex
Alumni of the University of Leeds
James Joyce scholars
Romanian expatriates in Monaco
Romanian scholars
University of Bucharest alumni
University of Bucharest faculty
2018 deaths |
9821_0 | Serhiy Viktorovych Kandaurov (; born 2 February 1972) is a Ukrainian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
A Ukrainian international from eight seasons, he amassed Israel Championship totals of 118 games and 41 goals, winning the league title in 1993–94. In 1997, he moved to Benfica, spending three and half years in the Primeira Liga adding 67 games and 12 goals. He finished his career in Ukraine, where he started working as a manager in 2006. |
9821_1 | Club career
Born in Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Oblast, Kandaurov started at Metalist Kharkiv in 1990. Due to his performances, Giora Spiegel brought him to Maccabi Haifa in 1993. In Israel, he grew into a goalscoring midfielder, bagging 10 in his first year, helping Maccabi win the league title. In his second season, he scored 8 goals in 25 games, but failed to retain the title, winning instead the State Cup. He continued to show his goalscorer abilities in his third year, netting 11 goals in 23 games, but failed to win any silverware. During the 1996 transfer season, Maccabi lost important players like Haim Revivo, Eyal Berkovic, Ofer Shitrit and Alon Hazan, so was time to Kandaurov to lead the team. However, despite scoring 7 goals in 25 games, Maccabi finished in fifth in the 1996–97, his lowest position in 4 seasons. |
9821_2 | Midway into his fourth season, Kandaurov received an offer to join Benfica, which he immediately accepted, in a transfer deal reported to be of a million dollars. He made his debut on 3 January 1998, in a match against Porto. He scored a goal but was annulled for apparent hand control, despite his claim that it was a wrong decision: "In that game we were cheated. I did not play with my hand. It was clean." He eventually assumed an important role in a team that finished second in the league. In the following season, his temperament would often conflict with Graeme Souness, and he would be in and out of the starting line-up regularly; he reportedly started a fist fight with Michael Thomas during a training session and in the start of the 1999–2000 season, he professed that "If did not play, he would rather leave Benfica.". Yet, due to his free-kick and goalscoring record, he still attracted attention from other clubs, and was reportedly offered a contract extension in November 2000. In |
9821_3 | 2000–01, he fell out of the picking order, making only eight appearances throughout the season, being release at the end of the season. |
9821_4 | A free player, he was heavily linked to English football, allegedly Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Burnley, and Bolton. However, since none materialized, he opted to return to Metalit Kharkiv.
In 2002, he was linked to Maccabi Haifa, but due to the excessive number of foreigners in the team, he signed with smaller Ashdod. His spell was did not see as much success as before, only scoring one in 20 matches. He briefly passed through Felgueiras in 2003, playing only two games, spending the remaining two years of his career at Helios Kharkiv, retiring in 2006. He immediately started a managerial career, spending two seasons at FC Arsenal Kharkiv and one at Helios Kharkiv. |
9821_5 | International career
A youth international since 1989, he was part of the squad that won the 1990 UEFA Under-18 with the Soviet Union. An international for Ukraine, he made his debut on 26 August 1992, in a loss against Hungary, making five more appearances in the following eight years, with his last arriving on 31 May 2000, in a match against England.
Career statistics
Honours
Soviet Union
UEFA European Under-18 Championship champion: 1990
Maccabi Haifa
Israel Championship: 1993–94
State Cup: 1994–95
References
External links |
9821_6 | 1972 births
Living people
People from Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Oblast
Soviet footballers
Ukrainian footballers
Ukrainian expatriate footballers
Ukraine international footballers
Maccabi Haifa F.C. players
F.C. Ashdod players
FC Metalist Kharkiv players
FC Helios Kharkiv players
S.L. Benfica footballers
F.C. Felgueiras players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Primeira Liga players
Israeli Premier League players
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Ukrainian football managers
FC Helios Kharkiv managers
FC Arsenal Kharkiv managers
Association football midfielders
Ukrainian people of Russian descent |
9822_0 | The Seventh Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. He is portrayed by Scottish actor Sylvester McCoy.
Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in the TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor regenerates; as a result, the physical appearance and personality of the Doctor changes.
McCoy portrays the Seventh Doctor as a whimsical, thoughtful character who quickly becomes more layered, secretive, and manipulative. His first companion was Melanie Bush (Bonnie Langford), a computer programmer who travelled with his previous incarnation, and who is soon succeeded by troubled teenager and explosives expert Ace (Sophie Aldred), who becomes his protégée. |
9822_1 | The Seventh Doctor first appeared on TV in 1987. After the programme was cancelled at the end of 1989, the Seventh Doctor's adventures continued in novels until the late 1990s. The Seventh Doctor made an appearance at the start of the 1996 movie before the character was replaced by the Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann).
Overview
In his first season, the Seventh Doctor started out as a comical character, engaging in dundrearyisms ("Time and tide melt the snowman," or when partner Mel is kidnapped, "A bird in the hand keeps the Doctor away"), playing the spoons, and making pratfalls, but later started to develop a darker nature. The Seventh Doctor era is noted for the cancellation of Doctor Who after 26 years. It is also noted for the Virgin New Adventures, a range of original novels published from 1992 to 1997, taking the series beyond the television serials. |
9822_2 | The Seventh Doctor's final appearance on television was in the 1996 Doctor Who television movie, where he regenerated into the Eighth Doctor, played by Paul McGann. A sketch of him is later seen in John Smith's A Journal of Impossible Things in the new series 2007 episode "Human Nature". Brief holographic clips of the Seventh Doctor appear in "The Next Doctor" (2008) and "The Eleventh Hour" (2010), and as flashbacks in "The Name of the Doctor" (2013) and as a holographic representation in "Twice Upon a Time" (2017). The Seventh Doctor also appeared in the 50th anniversary special, "The Day of the Doctor" (2013) and can be seen standing beside all incarnations of the Doctor, at the time. |
9822_3 | Biography
When the TARDIS was attacked by the Rani, the Sixth Doctor was injured and forced to regenerate. After a brief period of post-regenerative confusion and amnesia (chemically induced by the Rani), the Seventh Doctor thwarted the Rani's plans, and rejoined his companion Mel for whimsical adventures in an odd tower block and a Welsh holiday camp in the 1950s.
On the planet Svartos, Mel decided to leave the Doctor's company for that of intergalactic rogue Sabalom Glitz. Also at this time, the Doctor was joined by time-stranded teenager Ace. Although he did not mention it at the time, the Doctor soon recognised that an old enemy from a past adventure, the ancient entity known as Fenric, was responsible for the Time Storm which transported Ace from 1980s Perivale to Svartos in the distant future. Growing more secretive and driven from this point on, the Doctor took Ace under his wing and began teaching her about the universe, all the while keeping an eye out for Fenric's plot. |
9822_4 | The Doctor began taking a more scheming and proactive approach to defeating evil, using the Gallifreyan stellar manipulator named the Hand of Omega as part of an elaborate trap for the Daleks which resulted in the destruction of their home planet, Skaro. Soon afterwards, the Doctor used a similar tactic and another Time Lord relic to destroy a Cyberman fleet. He engineered the fall of the oppressive government of a future human colony in a single night and encountered the Gods of Ragnarok at a circus on the planet Segonax, whom he had apparently fought throughout time. Later, he was reunited with his old friend, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart while battling the forces of an alternate dimension on Earth. |
9822_5 | The Seventh Doctor's manipulations were not reserved for his rivals. With the goal of helping Ace confront her past, he took her to a Victorian house in her home town of Perivale in 1883 which she had burned down in 1983. Eventually, the Doctor confronted and defeated Fenric at a British naval base during World War II, revealing Fenric's part in Ace's history. The Doctor continued to act as Ace's mentor, returning her to Perivale; however, she chose to continue travelling with him. The circumstances of her parting from the Doctor were not shown on television. |
9822_6 | Near the end of his incarnation, the Seventh Doctor was given the responsibility of transporting the remains of his former enemy the Master from Skaro to Gallifrey. This proved to be a huge mistake; despite having a limited physical form, the Master was able to take control of the Doctor's TARDIS and cause it to land in 1999 San Francisco, where the Doctor was shot in the middle of a gang shoot-out. He was taken to a hospital, where surgeons removed the bullets but mistook the Doctor's double heartbeat for fibrillation; their attempt to save his life instead caused the Doctor to "die" with one last shocking scream. He is thus the only Doctor to have died at the (unwitting) hand of one of his own companions. Perhaps due to the anaesthesia, the Doctor did not regenerate immediately after death, unlike all previous occasions; he finally did so several hours later, while lying in the hospital's morgue. |
9822_7 | In Time and the Rani (1987), the Seventh Doctor gives his age soon after his regeneration as "exactly" 953 years, indicating that some two centuries of subjective time has passed since his fourth incarnation was revealed to be 756 in The Ribos Operation (1978), and approximately half a century since Revelation of the Daleks (1985) in which the Sixth Doctor stated he was 900 years old. The later revival of the series, however, contradicts earlier episodes by establishing the Ninth Doctor as being 900 years old in "Aliens of London" (2005). |
9822_8 | Personality
The Seventh Doctor has the most profound change in attitude of any of the Doctor's incarnations, beginning as someone bumbling (to the extent of putting himself in danger but not at the cost of his overall great intelligence and benevolent intentions) and progressing into a driven, dark gamemaster whose plans to defeat his adversaries, both old and new, would play out across space and time. He generally displayed an affable, curious, knowledgeable, easygoing, excitable, and charming air. However, as he began to choose his battles and keep a tighter grip on his secrets – from his plans to his very identity – he also presented more serious, contemplative, secretive, wistful, and manipulative sides with undercurrents of mischief and authority (constantly giving the impression that there was more to him than met the eye). |
9822_9 | As something of a showman, the Doctor would sometimes act like a buffoon, usually preferring to manipulate events from behind the scenes; much like his second incarnation, he was prepared to play the fool to trick his foes into underestimating him, inevitably leading to their defeat at his hands. He was an adept physical performer and deployed a repertoire of magic tricks, illusions and escape artistry to this effect as part of his plans. Although his more obvious whimsical tendencies disappeared over time (particularly his spoons-playing), he maintained a fondness for idiosyncratic speeches that occasionally referred to literature, ordinary places and even food and drink amidst the weightier concerns on his mind. He was empathetic to his friends (and even his enemies, such as Helen A) and somewhat melancholic at times (such as during Mel's departure and before his decision to eradicate the Daleks) but now placed greater burdens upon himself in the name of protecting the universe. |
9822_10 | This may have led him to shroud his true intentions in mystery and the use of sleight of hand as befit his fondness for performance, in effect, subverting his more lighthearted qualities to complement and enhance his heroic and darker ones. |
9822_11 | Given the Seventh Doctor's appearance and stature, he was surprisingly capable of both directly and indirectly taking control of situations involving strangers, using his greater intelligence to assess and direct events. Concerned with the bigger picture, he would sometimes overlook the finer details and his planning (both prepared and improvised) would sometimes have fatal results and consequences. When he acted to end threats, it was usually a ruthless, destructive and final manoeuvre. He was also not above hiding the truth from his friends and allies and using them to complete his schemes and gambits. |
9822_12 | His tendency to reveal only select information to his companion Ace – as well as anyone else around them – was used both in her education and in their adventures, as if he were the only one who should know all the answers and others should come to their own conclusions. At two points he even abused Ace's trust in him, once to develop her as a person and again to keep her alive (on both occasions, freeing her from the evil influences that had haunted her during her life), while on one of these adventures, he showed great difficulty in admitting his foreknowledge of the situation's severity to her when she finally confronted him. In spite of his immense fondness for her, and hers for him, he often frustrated her with his secretive nature as his alien behaviour, the great importance of his objectives (especially his focus on obliterating enemies from his past) and his strong desire to both educate and protect her would lead him to keep even her in the dark and would even subordinate her |
9822_13 | feelings towards him to succeed in their battles. Their close, almost familial bond was likely what helped Ace in moving past the feelings of betrayal she sometimes felt towards the Doctor, particularly as he genuinely had her best interests at heart. In fact, while he appeared to be an unassuming figure, fond of performing magic tricks and displaying notable showmanship, the Seventh Doctor was actually quite powerful and calculating, for he would use his friends and foes alike as pawns in his elaborate chess game against "evil". As Ace herself put it, he was "well devious". |
9822_14 | In direct contrast to his third incarnation, this Doctor was absolutely opposed to violence of any sort (as demonstrated in stories such as Battlefield, where he stops a battle merely by ordering the warriors to desist) and he was totally against the use of firearms (to the extent of 'talking down' a soldier ordered to execute him in The Happiness Patrol by emphasising the easiness of the kill versus the enormity of ending a life), although he also proved capable of rendering a man unconscious with a touch (Battlefield, Survival). In keeping with his established habits, he would use gadgetry of his own invention when the situation called for it, but never as his final gambit. Instead, he almost always managed to talk his enemies into submission, often into suicide – perhaps most memorably in Remembrance of the Daleks, where he taunts the seemingly last Dalek in existence until it self-destructs, or in Ghost Light, where he defeats the dangerously unstable Light by ramming home the |
9822_15 | folly of trying to prevent evolution (he employs variations of this 'talk to death' tactic in Dragonfire, Silver Nemesis and The Curse of Fenric, although primarily to manipulate opponents to guarantee the outcome in his favour). |
9822_16 | This Doctor also displays strange and 'alien' characteristics playing with the perception of his senses, as he smells an apple and listens to cheese in Survival, and listens to an apple briefly in Delta and the Bannermen. He also displayed a talent for hypnosis on various occasions that appeared to be much stronger than in past incarnations (Battlefield). The Greatest Show in the Galaxy shows him to be a capable entertainer, performing a variety of well known magic tricks. In Ghost Light, he reveals his pet peeves to be burnt toast, bus stations, unrequited love, tyranny, and cruelty. |
9822_17 | Costume
The Doctor's outfit in this incarnation was calmer than his previous attire, but as idiosyncratic as any other. It consisted of an ivory safari jacket with a crimson paisley scarf worn under its lapels and a matching handkerchief in the left pocket, a fob watch chained to the left lapel, a plain white shirt, a scarlet paisley tie, a yellow-brown fair isle-themed pullover adorned with cherry question marks and turquoise zigzag patterns, sand-beige tweed plaid trousers, beige brogued spectator shoes, an ivory colonial-styled Panam cap with a scarlet paisley hatband and an upturned brim and a black umbrella with a cherry question mark-shaped handle. As with the three other Doctors costumed during the John Nathan-Turner era, the above-mentioned question marks on the Doctor's pullover and his umbrella handle continued the cherry-question-marked clothing motif that was introduced in the Fourth Doctor's final season and ended before the Seventh Doctor's regeneration. |
9822_18 | Although a seemingly casual outfit that reflected the Seventh Doctor's initially easy and whimsical manner, it took on a new light when he became more scheming and prepared in his missions – to reflect the emergence of his personality's more mysterious and darker aspects, his jacket, hatband, handkerchief, scarf and tie became more muted and darker in colour, now in shades of burgundy and brown. In the New Adventures novels, images of the Doctor on the covers usually omitted the pullover and eventually depicted him in a cream single breasted suit. On a DVD featurette ("Light in Dark Places") for Ghost Light, when drawing attention to the stylistic choice of performing in most of the serial without his hat and umbrella, Sylvester McCoy expresses some disdain for the garment, feeling it detracts somewhat from the mood of the story. The changes in colours make the Seventh the only Doctor under Nathan-Turner's tenure to greatly alter his costume; the changes to the outfits worn by his |
9822_19 | three previous selves during this production period tended to be more subtle and less noteworthy. The Seventh's own attire was repeatedly revised during his first season, initially including a crimson/black tartan scarf and burgundy braces, along with the whangee bamboo-handle umbrella. |
9822_20 | In the TV Movie the Doctor's costume changed again, with a return to a lighter jacket, now a light brown tweed. Gone were the question mark pullover, paisley tie and question mark umbrella, replaced by a scarlet brocade waistcoat and a brown/black zig zag pattern tie; joined by a maroon scarf. However, the Doctor retained his Panama hat.
The Doctor enjoyed using his hat, umbrella and the TARDIS key, amongst other items, as physical props, usually as showy affectations or to command attention, while the umbrella could also be used to disarm and trip foes (Paradise Towers, Battlefield, Ghost Light, Survival). Like most of his previous selves, the Seventh carried any number of random items in his pockets, including technological devices and books (Dragonfire, Ghost Light). In a break from his past however, he spoke with a mild Scottish accent with rolled Rs, rather than in his past selves' Received Pronunciation speaking patterns. |
9822_21 | Story style
In Season 24, the Seventh Doctor era began with a light-hearted approach, with stories like Delta and the Bannermen clearly aimed at a younger audience. However, in the final two seasons with Andrew Cartmel as script editor, the stories soon explored the true nature of the Doctor, hinting at dark secrets in his past. In Silver Nemesis, Lady Peinforte hints she knows the Doctor's secret of being more than just a Time Lord (deleted scenes in Remembrance of the Daleks and Survival also refer to this). Remembrance has the Doctor use "we" when referring to early Gallifreyan time travel experiments. Ace also became the focus of a dedicated character arc that was seeded from her introduction onwards and prominently played out during Season 26.
With the cancellation of the series, these developments were never fully played out in the television series, but some of them were revealed in the New Adventures. |
9822_22 | Marc Platt's novel Lungbarrow is usually considered to be the conclusion of the "Cartmel Masterplan". In that novel, the Doctor is revealed to be the reincarnation of "the Other", a shadowy figure and contemporary of Rassilon and Omega from Ancient Gallifrey. Lungbarrow was originally intended for Season 26, but producer John Nathan-Turner felt that it revealed too much of the Doctor's origins. It was reworked to become Ghost Light instead. |
9822_23 | According to McCoy and script editor Andrew Cartmel, a number of Seventh Doctor stories were intended to satirise or protest the rule of then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. McCoy told the Sunday Times in 2010 "The idea of bringing politics into Doctor Who was deliberate, but we had to do it very quietly and certainly didn't shout about it...We were a group of politically motivated people and it seemed the right thing to do. At the time Doctor Who used satire to put political messages out there in the way they used to do in places like Czechoslovakia. Our feeling was that Margaret Thatcher was far more terrifying than any monster the Doctor had encountered. Those who wanted to see the messages saw them; others, including one producer, didn't." One story mentioned as having an anti-Thatcher theme was The Happiness Patrol in which the tyrannical Helen A outlawed unhappiness and remarked "I like your initiative, your enterprise" as her secret police rounded up dissidents. The Doctor |
9822_24 | persuaded "the drones", who toiled in the factories and mines, to down tools and rise up in revolt, an echo of the miners' strikes and printers' disputes during Thatcher's first two terms in office. Script editor Andrew Cartmel assembled several "angry young writers" such as Ben Aaronovitch and Rona Munro to produce storylines that they hoped would foment anti-Thatcher dissent. |
9822_25 | Other appearances
Television
The Seventh Doctor and Ace appeared twice on television between the time Doctor Who was cancelled and the 1996 television movie. The first was in 1990, in a special episode of the BBC2 educational programme Search Out Science. In this episode, the Doctor acted as a quiz show host, asking questions about astronomy; Ace, K-9 and "Cedric, from the planet Glurk" were the contestants. The Seventh Doctor then appeared in the 1993 charity special Dimensions in Time. A picture of the Seventh Doctor appears briefly in the Tenth Doctor story "Human Nature" (2007), in John Smith's A Journal of Impossible Things, and visions of him appear briefly in "The Next Doctor" (2008), "The Eleventh Hour" (2010), "Nightmare in Silver" and "The Name of the Doctor" (both 2013). He also appears in the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" (2013) helping his past and future incarnations save Gallifrey from the Time War. |
9822_26 | Audio
The Seventh Doctor has featured in dozens of audio dramas. Storylines in these audios include his travels with Ace and nurse Thomas Hector Schofield- known as 'Hex'- who is the son of a young woman that the Doctor failed to save in his sixth incarnation who was particularly close to his then-companion Evelyn Smythe-, his attempts to reform Elizabeth Klein, a Nazi officer from an alternate timeline, and his later interaction with her other self from this reality, and the return of Mel as she travels with him and Ace. |
9822_27 | Novels
Following the end of the TV series, the adventures of Doctor Who were continued in the Virgin New Adventures. The Seventh Doctor was the subject of 60 of these between 1991 and 1997. The Virgin novels pit the Seventh Doctor against the powerful Timewyrm, a complex plan to change history by his old enemy the Monk, facing the renegade time traveler Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart, a mysterious psychic brotherhood and their role in Earth's history, and culminates in a return to his family home on Gallifrey that reveals details about how the Doctor left Gallifrey in the first place. These novels also introduce original companions of Professor Bernice Summerfield- who proves so popular that she acquires her own spin-off series-, Roslyn Forrester, and Chris Cwej. |
9822_28 | His adventures also appeared in the BBC Past Doctor Adventures novels. Some of these are stand-alone stories, but authors Robert Perry and Mike Tucker create a miniseries that explores the Doctor's discovery that Ace is destined to die in her immediate future and the Doctor's attempts to prevent it (as well as a confrontation with his foe the Valeyard), setting up a complex confrontation with the twisted psychopath George Limb as Limb abuses time-travel to avoid his fate of becoming a Cyberman.
Online
Sylvester McCoy reprised the role of the Seventh Doctor in 2021 for a trailer promoting the Season 24 blu-ray release alongside Bonnie Langford as Mel.
Reception
Although McCoy's tenure as the Doctor received poor reviews at the time; in recent years, reviews have become more positive. In 1990, readers of Doctor Who Magazine voted McCoy's Doctor "Best Doctor", over perennial favourite Tom Baker.
See also
History of Doctor Who – the 1980s
References
External links |
9822_29 | The Seventh Doctor on the BBC's Doctor Who website
Seventh Doctor Gallery
Seventh Doctor theme music QuickTime file
Seventh Doctor title sequence
Television characters introduced in 1987
07
07
Male characters in television |
9823_0 | David Deron Haye (born 13 October 1980) is a British former professional boxer who competed between 2002 and 2018. He held multiple world championships in two weight classes, and was the first British boxer to reach the final of the World Amateur Boxing Championships, where he won a silver medal in 2001. |
9823_1 | As a professional, Haye became a unified cruiserweight world champion in 2008, winning three of the four major world titles, as well as the Ring magazine and lineal titles. He was ranked by BoxRec as the world's No.1 cruiserweight from 2005 to 2007, and was also ranked within ten best in 2003 and 2004. In 2008 he moved up to heavyweight, winning the WBA title in 2009 after defeating Nikolai Valuev, who had a size advantage of in height and in weight over Haye. Along with Evander Holyfield and Oleksandr Usyk, Haye is one of only three boxers in history to have unified the cruiserweight world titles and become a world heavyweight champion. As of September 2021, BoxRec ranks Haye as the 12th greatest British fighter of all time.
Haye founded his own boxing promotional firm, Hayemaker Promotions, in 2008. He became a vegan in 2014 and launched his own range of vegan protein powder later that year. |
9823_2 | Early life
David Deron Haye was born in the Bermondsey area of London on 13 October 1980, to a white English mother and a black Jamaican father. He grew up in Bermondsey for most of his childhood, and attended Bacon's College in Rotherhithe.
Amateur career
At the age of eighteen, Haye competed in the light-heavyweight division at the 1999 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Houston, Texas. He knocked out then-ABA light-heavyweight champion Courtney Fry, but missed out on the 2000 Sydney Olympics after a controversial defeat in the qualifier in which he was eliminated by experienced American Michael Simms early in the contest.
At the 2001 World Championshsips in Belfast, Haye fought in the heavyweight division where he defeated Sebastian Köber to reach the final. In this bout he managed to score a standing eight count against Odlanier Solís, but was later stopped by the Cuban in round three to earn a silver medal.
Haye's amateur record was 83–13.
Professional career |
9823_3 | Early career at cruiserweight
Based in Bermondsey, Haye turned professional in December 2002, aged 22. In his first fight he defeated Tony Booth via second-round corner retirement (RTD). In 2003 he won seven fights, two of which were the only fights he has fought in the United States. He won all by knockout (KO), the most notable being a fourth-round KO of Lolenga Mock, in which Haye had to come off the floor to win.
Haye's fights were regularly seen on the BBC and his popularity began to grow in 2004, when he dispatched the 39-year-old former world champion "King" Arthur Williams in three rounds.
Haye vs. Thompson
Later that year, in his eleventh fight, he fought 40-year-old former WBO champion Carl Thompson in a 'youth vs. experience' match-up. Haye started fast and alarmingly caught Thompson with constant barrages of power punches, coming close to forcing a stoppage at numerous points over the first few rounds. |
9823_4 | Gradually, despite the early punishment he received, Thompson warmed up and worked his way into the fight whilst Haye seemed to tire and slow down. Thompson began to pressure Haye and knocked Haye down with a chopping right hand in round five. With seven seconds left in the round, Thompson landed two jabs followed by a flush right hand which cleanly caught a fatigued Haye, and compelled Haye's corner to throw in the towel; Haye was leading on all three scorecards before the stoppage.
European champion
Haye returned against Estonian Valery Semishkur, winning by technical knockout (TKO) in round one, then defeated Garry Delaney by a third-round TKO. Following two more fights against Glen Kelly and Vincenzo Rossitto, Haye faced Alexander Gurov for the European cruiserweight title. Haye easily knocked out Gurov with a single right hand in just 45 seconds. |
9823_5 | Haye vs. Fragomeni
In January 2006, Haye signed a three-year contract with former Lennox Lewis promoter Frank Maloney to further his world title ambitions. He successfully defended his European title against Ismail Abdoul in a lopsided twelve-round decision. He defeated Giacobbe Fragomeni, when he broke through the Italian's defences in the ninth round, finally flooring his man in a flurry of punches. Haye had waited seven years for the opportunity to defeat Fragomeni, who controversially out-pointed him as an amateur in the final qualifying tournament for the Sydney Games. |
9823_6 | Haye's cameo at heavyweight in April 2007 resulted in a first-round KO win over Polish fighter Tomasz Bonin, who at the time was ranked No. 9 by the WBC and had only one loss, against Audley Harrison. Haye admitted he was taking "a crazy step up" when he fought Bonin at Wembley Arena. Haye said in a post-fight interview "If you asked me when I was three years old, I'd say I'm going to be the heavyweight champion of world. I never said cruiserweight. It's what I wanted to do since I can remember. I always wanted to be the main man in boxing. I want everyone to recognise I can beat every other boxer in the world. That's why I'm fighting the guy I'm fighting. I really want to prove to everyone I am the man."
Unified cruiserweight champion |
9823_7 | Haye vs. Mormeck
Haye challenged Jean-Marc Mormeck (33–3, 22 KOs) on 10 November 2007 for the WBA, WBC, The Ring and lineal cruiserweight titles. Following being knocked down himself in the fourth round, Haye unleashed a combination made up of a right uppercut, left, then right hook to floor Mormeck in the seventh round to win by TKO. The victory meant Haye became Britain's sixth world champion. "I worked my way back into the fight and showed great heart, 17 weeks of hard work have paid off." The victory confirmed Haye's arrival as a genuine world class fighter. At this point Haye made his initial mark on history as Britain's first two-belt cruiserweight champion.
The Mormeck fight was expected to be Haye's last fight in the cruiserweight division. However Haye would be tempted into a unification cruiserweight bout for the most lucrative fight of his career. |
9823_8 | Haye vs. Maccarinelli
Haye and Enzo Maccarinelli (28–1, 21 KOs) met in an all-British world cruiserweight title fight, in the early hours of 9 March 2008 at O2 Arena in London. Haye's WBA, WBC, and The Ring titles were at stake, while Maccarinelli's WBO title was on the line. British trade paper Boxing News produced a pullout special on the match, which was widely billed as the biggest all-British bout since Chris Eubank met Nigel Benn. As both fighters were hard punchers with excellent KO records, a short fight was predicted. These predictions proved to be correct, as Haye knocked out Maccarinelli in the second round of the contest. Commenting on the fight and of the prospect of working again with Frank Warren, Maccarinelli's promoter, Haye said, "We thank Frank for sacrificing Maccarinelli, but we'd feel immense guilt if we took any more free money from Sports Network. I have a hard enough time sleeping at night as it is." |
9823_9 | Heavyweight
Haye described the victory over Maccarinelli as "the final piece" in his cruiserweight jigsaw. Haye then defeated heavyweight Monte Barrett at The O2 Arena in London on 15 November 2008, winning via TKO in the fifth round.
WBC heavyweight champion Vitali Klitschko confirmed he would defend his title in a fight with Haye to take place on 20 June 2009, at Stamford Bridge in London. Instead, his younger brother, WBO, IBF, and IBO champion Wladimir Klitschko agreed to fight Haye the same date in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Haye pulled out of the fight with a back injury.
WBA heavyweight champion
Haye vs. Valuev |
9823_10 | Haye then confirmed that he would meet the WBA champion Nikolay Valuev (50–1, 34 KOs) on 7 November 2009 in the Nuremberg Arena, Nuremberg, Germany. Haye's former trainer Adam Booth said it was a fight that Valuev wanted; it was billed as David and Goliath. Haye weighed in at 217 pounds, almost 100 pounds less than his opponent. Haye said about Valuev: "He is the ugliest thing I have ever seen. I have watched Lord of the Rings and films with strange-looking people, but for a human being to look like he does is pretty shocking." |
9823_11 | Haye beat Valuev in a reserved display of accuracy and efficiency, countering Valuev's misses, jabbing and circling his much larger opponent. Haye came close to knocking Valuev down in the final round with a hard left hand, which made Valuev stumble. Haye won a majority decision (MD) with scores of 114–114, 116–112, and 116–112. Haye is the first and currently only boxer in the history of the sport to be seven stone or more lighter than an opponent in a world title fight and still come out victorious. The fight garnered 469,000 buys on Sky Sports Box Office, which saw Haye receive a payday of £2.1 million. |
9823_12 | Haye vs. Ruiz
On 26 January 2010, former WBA champion John Ruiz was announced as Haye's first title defence on 3 April at the M.E.N Arena in Manchester, live on Sky Box Office. Ruiz, ranked as the number one contender by the WBA was initially in line to fight Valuev, however agree to step aside. Ruiz was unhappy at the fight being staged in the UK and not Las Vegas, as he thought it would be. Ruiz did not show up at the official press conference. Haye defeated Ruiz in his first WBA title defence by TKO in the ninth round after knocking Ruiz down four times during the fight. This was only the second time Ruiz had been stopped, after being knocked out in round one by David Tua 14 years prior to facing Haye. After the fight, Haye immediately called on both Klitschko brothers, after claiming their recent challengers Eddie Chambers and Chris Arreola were "a disgrace to boxing." Haye earned a £1 million purse for the bout. |
9823_13 | Haye vs. Harrison |
9823_14 | It was confirmed on 7 September 2010 that Haye would fight Audley Harrison on 13 November 2010 at the Manchester Arena. The press conference for the bout became heated, leading to the two fighters swearing at each other on live television. On 13 November 2010, Haye defeated Harrison with one minute, seven seconds remaining of the third round by TKO. Southpaw Harrison landed one punch during the entire fight. He staggered to his feet after being knocked down, only for Haye to immediately pounce right back on him, hitting him with another flurry of punches. The referee intervened and ended the bout. Haye earned £4.2 million for the fight and Harrison had a purse of £1.5 million. The fight was bought by 223,000 households in the UK on Sky Box Office. An investigation took place after the fight and Harrison's purse was withheld, due to his underwhelming performance. After listening to Harrison's explanation, the British Boxing Board of Control decided to release his purse. |
9823_15 | Haye's plans to unify the heavyweight division took a major setback in January 2011 when it was revealed that Tomas Adamek would fight one of the Klitschko brothers in September 2011, before his planned retirement in October of that year. However, in April 2011, it was announced that Haye and Wladimir Klitschko had agreed to meet at the Imtech Arena in Hamburg on 2 July 2011.
Haye vs. Wladimir Klitschko |
9823_16 | Haye vs. Klitschko was the first heavyweight unification fight since Klitschko and Sultan Ibragimov fought back in 2008, when Klitschko beat Ibragimov and added the WBO title to his IBF title. Klitschko defeated Haye by unanimous decision (UD) to become the unified WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, and The Ring heavyweight champion. Klitschko and Haye agreed to a 50–50 split of the purse and Haye was allotted 7,000 seats at the venue. Klitschko dominated the fight, statistically outlanding Haye nearly 2 to 1. The three judges scored it 117–109, 118–108, and 116–110 all in favour of Klitschko. Haye revealed afterwards that he had a broken toe. Both Klitschko and Haye reportedly earned $24 million each for the bout. |
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