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9590_30 | Civil passenger version manufactured in Kazan plant and based on the Mi-8MTV-3.
Mi-171Sh Storm for special forces |
9590_31 | Operators
: – 19
Former operators
Mi-8 |
9590_32 | Accidents and notable incidents
On 16 September 2000, a Mi-17 of the Sri Lankan Airforce crashed near Aranayake in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka with one of the then government ministers on board. Besides the minister, there were 14 others on board – nine party officials, three bodyguards and two crew members. The authorities initially claimed that engine failure had caused the crash. The government immediately ordered an inquiry into the crash and in January 2001 President Kumaratunga appointed a Presidential Commission to inquire into the crash. However, neither found any conclusive evidence for the crash's cause.
On 4 December 2003, a Polish Air Force Mi-8 crashed with Prime Minister Leszek Miller on board; all survived. |
9590_33 | On 30 July 2005, a Mi-17 presidential helicopter crashed in mountain ranges in South Sudan due to poor visibility claiming the life of then President of South Sudan John Garang, six of his colleagues and seven Ugandan crew members. He was returning from a private visit in Rwakitura meeting President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda.
On 12 January 2008, a Mi-17 of the Macedonian Armed Forces crashed, killing all three crew members and eight passengers.
On 3 March 2008, an Iraqi Air Force Mi-17 (Mi-8AMT) crashed near Baiji while ferrying troops from Tal Afar to the capital Baghdad. All eight people on board perished in the accident.
On 31 May 2008, a People's Liberation Army Mi-171 transport crashed in southwest Sichuan province, killing 5 crew and 13 passengers on board. It was on a rescue mission during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. |
9590_34 | On 14 January 2009, an Afghan Air Force Mi-17 crashed in Herat while en route to Farah province. All 13 on board were killed, including Maj. Gen. Fazl Ahmad Sayar, one of Afghanistan's four regional commanders.
On 14 February 2010, a Yemeni Air Force Mi-17 crashed in Northern Yemen, hitting an Army vehicle. All eleven people on board were killed, along with three others on the ground.
On 28 July 2010, an Iraqi Air Force Mi-17 (Mi-8M) crashed in a sandstorm about 110 km south of Baghdad, killing all 5 occupants.
On 19 November 2010, an Indian Air Force Mi-17 crashed near Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh, India killing all 12 people on board. It had taken off from Tawang for Guwahati, and crashed about five minutes later at Bomdila.
On 19 April 2011, a Pawan Hans Mi-172 burst into flames seconds before landing at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh, India, killing 17 people on board.
On 18 May 2012, a Mi-17 crashed while in training in Yaracuy, Venezuela, killing 4 people. |
9590_35 | On 11 July 2012, a Pakistan Army Mi-17 crashed near Skardu Airport in Gilgit-Baltistan, killing 5 people.
On 30 August 2012, two Indian Air Force Mi-17s collided near Jamnagar in Western India, killing 9 people.
On 11 February 2013, a Mi-17 belonging to Azerbaijani Air Force crashed into the Caspian Sea killing all 3 people on board.
On 25 June 2013, a Mi-17V-5 of the Indian Air Force crashed while undertaking rescue operations in the flood-ravaged areas of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India. IAF chief NAK Browne ruled out possibility of any of the 20 men on board surviving. There were five staff from IAF, six from Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and nine from National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
On 16 September 2013, a Turkish Air Force F-16 shot down a Syrian Mil-17 at the border after the helicopter violated Turkish airspace. Two crew members reportedly bailed out before the aircraft crashed in Syrian territory. |
9590_36 | On 9 November 2013, an Indonesian Army Mi-17 crash killed at least 13 people after the helicopter caught on fire in the jungles of Borneo.
On 7 July 2014, a Vietnam People's Air Force Mi-171 military helicopter crashed on the outskirts of Hanoi while on a training mission for parachute recruits. Among 21 men on board, 16 died, 4 others died in hospital, only 1 survived. The pilot crashed in a field, probably to avoid the local market and houses.
On 10 July 2014, a Macedonian police Mi-17V-5 crashed overnight during a training flight near the southern town of Strumica, killing all four people on board. The four crew members were all pilots, each with more than 30 years of flight experience. They were on a night training flight when the Mi-17-V5 hit a 120-meter (394-ft) tall television transmitter tower near Strumica, about 190 kilometers (120 miles) south of the capital Skopje. |
9590_37 | On 21 September 2014, an Egyptian Army Mi-8/17 crashed near Kom Oshem, Fayoum Governrate while on a transport mission from Bani Sweif Governrate. All the crew died.
On 13 March 2015, Serbian Army Mi-17 crashed just short of Belgrade airport when employed in transportation, from Novi Pazar to military medical facility in Belgrade, of a 5-day-old baby with respiratory problems due to road blockade by the landslide. All 7 individuals aboard, including four crew members, two medical staff and the patient died.
On 8 May 2015, a Pakistan Army Mi-17 crashed near the Naltar area of Gilgit in Gilgit-Baltistan, killing the Norwegian and Philippine ambassadors and the wives of the Malaysian and Indonesian ambassadors. Two Pakistan Army pilots, Major Al-Tamash and Major Faisal, were also killed in the incident. The Polish and Dutch ambassadors were injured. |
9590_38 | On 13 May 2015, a Mi-17 helicopter on a training flight belonging to Bangladesh Air Force crash landed at the airport and caught fire. All three people on board sustained major injuries and were hospitalized.
On 28 July 2015, a Mi-17 from the Presov Helicopter Airbase of the Slovak Air Force crashed into a forested area near Hradisko, Terňa, Slovakia during a routine training flight. The pilot died on the scene and the remaining two crew members sustained major injuries and were hospitalized.
During the Russian intervention on the Syrian Civil War. Two Russian Mi-8AMTsh helicopters were sent to find and recover the pilots from the crash site of a Su-24M bomber downed. One of the helicopters was damaged by small-arms fire from Syrian Turkmen Brigade militants, resulting in the death of a naval infantryman, and was forced to make an emergency landing. |
9590_39 | On 27 March 2016, a Mi-17 of the Algerian Air Force crashed in Southern Algeria causing the death of 12 military personnel and two injured.
On 4 August 2016, A Pakistani Mi-17 transport helicopter belonging to the Punjab government en route to Russia for repair, crashed in Logar Province, Afghanistan. The six people on board were reportedly taken as hostage by Taliban. The crew and occupants of the Mi-17 were released after ten days through an inter-tribe exchange at Pakistan-Afghan border. The crew consisted of five Pakistanis and one Russian.
On 27 November 2016, an Iranian Mi-17 transport helicopter belonging to the IRGC dispatched to an oil rig located off the coast of Amirabad in the northern province of Mazandaran, crashed in the Caspian Sea. All five people on board died.
On 31 December 2016, a Venezuelan Mi-17 transport helicopter belonging to the Venezuelan Army covering the route SVPA – SVLE crashed in the Amazonas State. |
9590_40 | On 29 May 2017 a Mi-17 transport helicopter belonging to the Sri Lanka Air Force which was engaged in flood relief operations was forced to land with extensive damage in Baddegama, and none of the crew members injured.
On 6 October 2017 an Indian Air Force Mi-17V-5 helicopter crashed in Arunachal Pradesh killing 7 on board.
On 3 January 2018: A Mil Mi-17 helicopter of Bangladesh Air Force crashed in Sreemangal whilst carrying Kuwaiti delegates. The Kuwaiti delegates have been identified as Kuwait Armed Forces Chief of Staff Lt Gen Mohammad Al-Khuder and Kuwait Naval Forces Commander Maj Gen Khalid Mahmud Abdullah.Everyone were rescued alive. |
9590_41 | On 3 April 2018, an Mi-17 transport helicopter of the Indian Air Force crashed in Kedarnath. All the people onboard survived. Indian Air Force has ordered an inquiry into the crash.
On 11 June 2018, a Mi-17 of the Bulgarian Air Force crashed at Plovdiv Airport, Bulgaria, killing two on board.
On 27 February 2019, a Mi-17 of the Indian Air Force crashed in Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir, killing six on board and one civilian on the ground. Locals on the ground claim that they had heard a huge explosion and saw the helicopter break into two parts before crash. Later investigation have shown that the helicopter was shot down as result of friendly fire when a SPYDER Indian air defense system fired a missile which hit Mi-17 helicopter, killing everyone aboard.
On 13 May 2019, a People's Liberation Army Mi-171 transport belonging to the Tibet Military District crashed in Qinling in Shaanxi Province, killing 6 crew. |
9590_42 | On 8 January 2020, an Afghan National Army Mi-17 crashed shortly after takeoff in Gardiz, Paktia province. It was later destroyed on the ground by Afghan Security forces.
On 11 February 2020, a Syrian Air Force Mi-17 utility helicopter was shot-down by Turkish-backed rebel forces using an American designed MANPADS over Al-Nayrab, killing everyone aboard. A second Mi-17 of the Syrian Army was shot down in Idlib under similar circumstances, killing all crew, on 14 February 2020.
On 6 March 2020, a Myanmar Air Force Mi-17 Crashed shortly after take-off near Kaungkha Village, Kutkai Township.
On 6 June 2020, an Indonesian Army Mi-17 helicopter crashed in Kendal Regency, killing 4 on board and 5 personnels survived.
On 7 July 2020, a Peruvian Air Force Mi-17-1V crashed in a river in the Amazonas. Seven occupants died in the crash, four crew members and three civilian passengers. |
9590_43 | On 13 October 2020, a pair of Afghan National Army Air Corps Mi-17s collided with one another in mid-air in the Nawa-i-Barakzayi district, Helmand province. 9 were killed.
On 10 November 2020, an Afghan National Army Air Corps crashed upon take-off at Hisarak district, Nangarhar province.
On 18 March 2021, a Mi-17 helicopter of the Afghan Army was shot down by a local anti-taliban militia led by ethnic warlord Abdul Ghani Alipur in the Behsud district of Maidan Wardak. Nine members of the Afghan security forces died in the incident. Two days later a video appeared, showing the helicopter being hit while increasing altitude just after unloading troops and cargo. A missile hits the helicopter, clipping the tail boom, with the helicopter spinning out of control and crashing. The missile was claimed to be a "laser-guided weapon".
On June 24, 2021, a Kenyan military aircraft identified as the Mil Mi-17 crashed in Kajiado county and went up in flames. |
9590_44 | On August 25, 2021, a Mi-17 of the Mexican Navy crashed in Agua Blanca de Iturbide. Four people injured were reported.
On 30 November 2021, a Mi-17 of the State Border Service of Azerbaijan crashed in Khizi District causing the death of 14 military personnel and 2 injured.
On 8 December 2021, an Indian Air Force Mi-17V-5 carrying 13 defence personnel including Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and 1 civilian, Madhulika Rawat, crashed near Coonoor, Tamil Nadu while flying towards Wellington from Sulur Air Force Station. 13 of the 14 onboard died in the crash, including General Bipin Rawat and his spouse. The sole survivor of the crash died from his injuries seven days later. |
9590_45 | Specifications (Mil-171A2)
See also
References
Citations
General sources
External links
Mi-8 (171-E) page at milhelicopter.com
Mi-8/17 page on russianhelicopters.aero
Mi-17 Medium Multipurpose helicopter on Air recognition site
Inside Mil-Mi helicopter
Mi-17 DataBase
Mi-171V Malaysia Fire Department – Bomba
1970s Soviet military transport aircraft
Mil aircraft
Military helicopters
1970s Soviet helicopters
Twin-turbine helicopters
Articles containing video clips
Aircraft first flown in 1975 |
9591_0 | The Green Inferno is a 2013 American cannibal horror film directed by Eli Roth. The film was inspired by and is an homage to Italian cannibal films of the late 1970s and early '80s "cannibal boom", particularly Cannibal Holocaust (1980), which features a film-within-a-film titled The Green Inferno. The film follows a group of activists who are forced to fight for survival when they are captured by a cannibalistic tribe.
The film was released on September 25, 2015, by Blumhouse Tilt and High Top Releasing.
Plot
College freshman Justine becomes interested in a student social activism group led by Alejandro and his girlfriend Kara. The group plans a trip to the Amazon rainforest to stop a petrochemical company from forest clearing and displacing native tribes by filming them and streaming footage to raise awareness. Justine suggests she could bring attention to the issue through her father, a United Nations attorney. |
9591_1 | The operation is funded by Carlos, a drug dealer who meets the group in Peru. They journey by boat to the construction site and begin their protest, chaining themselves to bulldozers while filming the land clearing. A private militia hired by the company arrives, and when Justine is nearly killed by an officer, the protest goes viral. The group is arrested, but Carlos bribes the police to release them. They depart by plane, but the plane's engine explodes and it crashes in the jungle, killing several people, including Carlos. |
9591_2 | As the survivors search for a GPS phone, Kara hears something nearby. However, when she goes to check, a native tribe emerges and kills her before tranquilizing the others, taking them to their village, and imprisoning them. As a tribal elder and the Headhunter leader kill Jonah and feed his remains to their tribe, Alejandro reveals the protest was staged to benefit a rival petrochemical company and so he could focus on other activism projects, to the others' dismay. The tribe test Justine, Samantha, and her girlfriend Amy for their virginity. Upon learning Justine is a virgin, they take her away for a genital mutilation ceremony while the couple is returned. Alejandro tells the group to stay put and wait for the next petrochemical company's clearing crews, but they attempt to escape. Amidst a downpour, they distract a watchman while Samantha escapes and hides in a canoe and Justine is eventually captured and returned. |
9591_3 | The tribe feed the prisoners strange meat. Being a vegan, Amy reluctantly eats, only to discover a chunk of skin in her bowl bearing one of Samantha's tattoos. Realizing they were fed Samantha's remains, Amy breaks the bowl and uses a shard to commit suicide. Seeing an opportunity, Lars stuffs marijuana down Amy's throat, hoping to get the tribe high when they eat her. As his plan succeeds, Justine and Daniel escape, but Alejandro chooses to stay, tranquilizing Lars to keep him company. When Lars regains consciousness, he sees the intoxicated tribe members eat him alive. |
9591_4 | Justine and Daniel reach the crash site and find a phone, but are recaptured and returned to the village. The tribe paints and dresses Justine in tribal attire while an elder ties Daniel to a stake, breaks his limbs, and leaves him to be eaten by ants. News of a forest clearing crew's arrival sends the tribe into a frenzy and the warriors leave to confront them, allowing Justine to escape with the help of a sympathetic child she befriended earlier. Daniel begs Justine to kill him, but the child does so after she refuses. Alejandro begs Justine for help, but she abandons him and flees. Encountering the militia in a firefight against the tribe, in which the Headhunter and most of the tribe’s warriors are killed, she convinces an officer that she is an American and uses the phone to pretend to film the fight so the battle would end peacefully, and they fly her to safety. |
9591_5 | In New York City, she lies to her father and other government workers in an interview saying that she was the sole survivor of the plane crash, the natives were friendly, and that they helped her group before they were slaughtered by the petrochemical company's militia. Sometime later, Justine sees a group of activists wearing shirts emblazoned with Alejandro's face.
In a mid-credits scene, Alejandro's sister Lucia phones Justine saying she saw Alejandro in a satellite photo, which shows him covered in the dark tribal paint of the village leader that was killed by the militia.
Cast |
9591_6 | Lorenza Izzo as Justine, a college freshman
Ariel Levy as Alejandro, leader of an activism group
Daryl Sabara as Lars
Kirby Bliss Blanton as Amy
Magda Apanowicz as Samantha
Sky Ferreira as Kaycee, Justine's roommate
Nicolás Martínez as Daniel, one of the college students who goes to Peru with Justine and Alejandro
Aaron Burns as Jonah
Ignacia Allamand as Kara, Alejandro's girlfriend
Ramón Llao as The Bald Headhunter, the cannibalistic leader of the Peruvian tribe
Richard Burgi as Charles, Justine's Father
Matías López as Carlos Lincones
Antonieta Pari as The Village Elder, the matriarch of the Peruvian tribe
Percy Chumbe as Guard Leader, the unnamed leader of the logging company's hired militia tasked with destroying the forests
Paz Bascuñán as Lucia (voice) |
9591_7 | Production
On May 17, 2012, at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, Eli Roth announced that he was planning to direct a horror thriller, The Green Inferno, with Worldview Entertainment stating that they would finance and produce the film. Roth wrote the script with Guillermo Amoedo. Production began in Autumn 2012 in Peru and Chile. In October 2012, it was announced that filming was set to begin in November in Peru. On October 25, Roth announced the full cast for the film. Principal photography began in October 2012 in New York City, and shooting in Peru and in some locations in Chile began on November 5, 2012.
Roth said in an interview in February 2013 that he wanted the film to look like a Werner Herzog or Terrence Malick film. He has also said that he was inspired by Italian cannibal films such as Cannibal Holocaust and Cannibal Ferox. |
9591_8 | Release
On July 30, 2013, it was announced that The Green Inferno would premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was intended to be released theatrically on September 5, 2014, by Open Road Films. However, financial difficulties with the production company Worldview Entertainment caused Open Road to pull it from its original release. The film had secret screenings on September 22, 2013 at Fantastic Fest and on April 25, 2014, at the Stanley Film Festival.
The Green Inferno was eventually theatrically released in the United States on September 25, 2015, by Blumhouse Productions' multi-platform arm BH Tilt and High Top Releasing. It was released in Filipino theaters on September 23, 2015 by Solar Pictures. Two versions of the film were presented there, depending on the cinema chain: an R-13 "sanitized" version with some gory details removed, resulting in five minutes of footage edited out, and the uncut R-18 version.
Reception |
9591_9 | Box office
The film opened to 1,540 venues, earning $3.5 million in its opening weekend, ranking ninth place in the domestic box office. At the end of its run, six weeks later on November 5, the film grossed $7.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $5.7 million overseas for a worldwide total of $12.9 million. |
9591_10 | Critical reception
The Green Inferno received generally mixed reviews from critics; however, some praised the film's throwback vibe to earlier Italian cannibal horror films of the 1970s and its social commentary. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 38%, based on 98 reviews, with an average rating of 4.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Green Inferno may not win writer-director Eli Roth many new converts, but fans of his flair for gory spectacle should find it a suitably gruesome diversion." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 38 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". CinemaScore audiences gave the film an average grade of "B-" on an A+ to F scale. |
9591_11 | The film received a glowing response from horror novelist Stephen King, who wrote that the film is "like a glorious throwback to the drive-in movies of my youth: bloody, gripping, hard to watch, but you can't look away." Todd Gilchrist of The Wrap gave the film a negative review, stating "Unfortunately, Roth’s abundant gore fails to either offend or exhilarate." Meredith Borders of Birth. Movies. Death., reporting from Fantasia Fest, gave the film a more positive notice: "The Green Inferno never lets up: it barrels ahead, exuberant and relentless in its brutality, never giving the audience a second to unclench. It's a feast for gorehounds, one with an unsubtle message about the way that uninformed activism harms more than it helps. And it's a total blast." |
9591_12 | Controversy |
9591_13 | The film was criticized by Survival International, which campaigns for indigenous peoples and indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation, as reinforcing colonialism and respectively neocolonialism, as well as their stigmas against indigenous peoples, portraying them as savage. Roth dismissed this argument as unimportant for stopping exploitation: "The idea that a fictional movie about a fictional tribe could somehow hurt indigenous people when gas companies are tearing these villages apart on a daily basis is simply absurd. These companies don't need an excuse—they have one—the natural resources in the ground. They can window-dress things however they like, but nobody will destroy a village because they didn't like a character in a movie, they'll do it because they want to get rich by draining what's under the village. The fear that somehow a movie would give them ammunition to destroy a tribe all sounds like misdirected anger and frustration that the corporations are the ones |
9591_14 | controlling the fates of these uncontacted tribes." |
9591_15 | Home media
The Green Inferno was released on DVD and Blu-ray on January 5, 2016, by Universal Home Entertainment. The release features a director's cut and an audio commentary by Roth, López, Izzo, Burns, Blanton and Sabara.
Potential sequel
On September 7, 2013, it was announced that a sequel would be produced, titled Beyond the Green Inferno and directed by Nicolás López. As of May 2016, there have been no further updates, other than articles referring to the original 2013 announcement and a single unsubstantiated comment, with no production details, that a sequel is still under consideration.
References
Further reading
External links |
9591_16 | 2013 films
American films
2010s English-language films
English-language Peruvian films
English-language Chilean films
English-language Canadian films
English-language Spanish films
2013 horror films
2010s adventure films
2013 horror thriller films
American adventure films
American independent films
American horror thriller films
American splatter films
Adventure horror films
Films about cannibalism
Films directed by Eli Roth
Films produced by Eli Roth
Films set in jungles
Films shot in Chile
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Peru
Obscenity controversies in film
Films with screenplays by Eli Roth
Blumhouse Productions films
Worldview Entertainment films
Open Road Films films |
9592_0 | Disneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California conceived by Walt Disney. This is a list of attractions – rides, shows, shops and parades – that have appeared at the park but have permanently closed. Character meets and atmosphere entertainment (e.g., roving musicians) are not listed. Also not listed are permanently closed attractions from Disney California Adventure.
Main Street, U.S.A. |
9592_1 | Hollywood-Maxwell's Intimate Apparel Shop (1955–1956): Featuring the "Wizard of Bras"
Maxwell House Coffee House (1955–1957)
Main Street Shooting Gallery (1955–1962): A shooting gallery themed to the 1920s
Main Street Flower Mart (1955–1977): A large display of plastic flowers: "The world's finest natural flowers not grown by nature"
Disneyland Branch of Bank of America (1955–1993): A Bank of America with three ATMs to use
Story Book Shop (1955–1995): A book shop operated by Western Publishing
Babes in Toyland Exhibit (1961–1963): Utilizing the sets from the movie of the same name, this walk-through attraction occupied the Opera House near the park's entrance.
Legacy of Walt Disney (1970–1973): A museum showing exhibits on how Walt Disney changed the world
Disneyland Presents a Preview of Coming Attractions (1973–1989): A preview center for up-coming attractions
Bank of Main Street U.S.A. (1993–2005)
Annual Passholder Center (2005–2009) |
9592_2 | Main Street Opera House shows
The Main Street Opera House has housed the following shows:
Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln (1965–1973): Theater presentation featuring an Audio-Animatronic Abraham Lincoln, and a replica of a similar attraction at the 1964 New York World's Fair. Elements of the original show were incorporated into later versions of the attraction from 1975 to 2004 and from 2009–present.
The Walt Disney Story (1973–1975): Biographical film about Walt Disney, which originally appeared at Walt Disney World in 1972.
The Walt Disney Story featuring Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln (1975–2004): A combination of the two previous shows. Disneyland had been criticized for replacing the Lincoln tribute with a tribute to Walt Disney, and combined elements of the two shows in response. From 2001 to 2004 the Disney tribute was removed, and the entire show was given more of a focus on the American Civil War. |
9592_3 | Disneyland: The First 50 Magical Years (2005–2009): An exhibition on the history of Disneyland, including a film narrated by Steve Martin. |
9592_4 | Fantasyland |
9592_5 | Mickey Mouse Club Theater (1955–1964): Walk-in theater continuously showing animated Disney films and shorts, similar to the Main Street Cinema. Renamed Fantasyland Theater (1964–1982); not to be confused with the present-day theater). Now the site of Pinocchio's Daring Journey.
Mickey Mouse Club Circus (1955–1956): A circus arts show featuring actual cast members of the Mickey Mouse Club, live animals with Professor George J. Keller's Jungle Killers, Bob-O the Disneyland Clown and the talking equine, The Wonder Horse!
Keller's Jungle Killers (1956)
Merlin's Magic Shop (1955–1983): The original magic shop in the park. A second one on Main Street, U.S.A. opened in 1957 and continues to this day. Steve Martin worked at the store for three years beginning in August 1960. "I knew every nook and cranny of the shop," he recalled in later years, and credited working there as helping hone his performing skills. |
9592_6 | Skyway to Tomorrowland (1956–1994): This ride, a typical aerial lift ride seen in many parks, traveled from a chalet on the west side of Fantasyland, through the Matterhorn, to a station in Tomorrowland. Cabins hung from cables and ran constantly back and forth between the two lands. The Fantasyland station stood until 2016 – closed to public access – adjacent to the Casey Jr. Circus Train, and was concealed by trees. It was demolished for Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge construction. Its support towers were removed and the holes in the Matterhorn through which the ride passed were filled in.
Junior Autopia (1956–1958): A version of the original Autopia geared towards children. The Junior Autopia featured a guide rail, which the original version of Autopia did not have at the time. The site of the Junior Autopia reopened a year later as the Fantasyland Autopia and is now part of the present-day Autopia. |
9592_7 | Midget Autopia (1957–1966): A version of the original Autopia geared towards young children. After the Midget Autopia closed, the ride was dismantled and sent to Walt Disney's hometown of Marceline, Missouri, where it operated for a few years. The site of the Midget Autopia is now the main walkway between It's a Small World and the rest of Fantasyland.
Fantasyland Autopia (1959–1999): A version of the original Autopia, built on the site of the former Junior Autopia. The Fantasyland Autopia was known as the "Rescue Ranger Raceway" and themed to the Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers television series from 1991 to 1993. Its name reverted to "Fantasyland Autopia" afterwards, and operated part-time until it permanently closed in 1999. Its track was combined with the track of the Tomorrowland Autopia to create the present-day Autopia. |
9592_8 | Skull Rock and Pirate's Cove (1961–1982): A dining experience themed to Captain Hook's pirate ship. Dumbo the Flying Elephant was relocated to the former location of Skull Rock and Pirate's Cove and reopened there in 1983.
Motor Boat Cruise (1957–1991): Simulated experience of navigating waterways in a motor boat. Renamed Motor Boat Cruise to Gummi Glen (1991–1993), based on the Gummi Bears television show.
Videopolis (1985–1995): A nighttime dance club targeted at young adults. Videopolis featured television monitors playing modern music videos and also hosted live musical acts. It also featured its very own snack bar, "Yumz". Videopolis was converted into an amphitheatre in 1990 and was renamed Fantasyland Theatre in 1995. |
9592_9 | Videopolis/Fantasyland Theatre shows
One Man's Dream: Stage show about Walt Disney
Dick Tracy: Diamond Double-Cross: Based on the 1990 film Dick Tracy
Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage: Stage version of the 1991 Disney adaptation of Beauty and the Beast
Plane Crazy: Original show featuring characters from The Disney Afternoon television shows
The Spirit of Pocahontas: Based on the 1995 film Pocahontas
Animazement—The Musical: Musical featuring characters from several Disney masterpieces
Snow White—An Enchanting Musical: Based on the 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Frontierland |
9592_10 | Golden Horseshoe Revue (1955–1986): A musical comedy show featuring Sluefoot-Sue (Betty Taylor), an Irish Tenor (Fulton Burley) and a traveling Salesman (Wally Boag) along with Can-Can girls. An extremely popular show, it ran in the Golden Horseshoe Saloon nearly unchanged for about three decades.
Golden Horseshoe Jamboree (1986–1994): An Old West show featuring singing, dancing, joke-telling, banjo playing, and general fun and rowdiness, starring Miss Lilly, Sam the Bartender and a gang of cowpunchers.
Golden Horseshoe Variety Show (1986–2003): A variety show featuring comedian/musician Dana Daniels and Luigi, his psychic parrot. This shared the Golden Horseshoe Saloon with Billy Hill and the Hillbillies.
All-New Woody's Roundup (1999–2000): A live-action show featuring characters from Toy Story. |
9592_11 | Billy Hill and the Hillbillies (1994–2014): A live-action show featuring singing and comedy. In 2012 the musical/variety group moved to Big Thunder Ranch until their show was retired in early 2014. Afterward, they were hired by Knott's Berry Farm as Krazy Kirk and the Hillbillies.
Davy Crockett Museum (1955–1956): Mostly given over to retail space, with a few exhibits detailing scenes from the television series of the same name.
Pack Mules (1955–1956): Real mules which were ridden in a line to view simulated frontierlands and deserts. After renovations and upgrades, the ride was renamed:
Rainbow Ridge Pack Mules (1956–1959)
Pack Mules Through Nature's Wonderland (1960–1973); in 1973, Big Thunder Mountain Railroad and Big Thunder Ranch replaced Nature's Wonderland.
Stage Coach (1955–1956): A real stagecoach drawn by real horses. After new scenic landscaping, it became Rainbow Mountain Stage Coaches (1956–1960). |
9592_12 | Conestoga Wagons (1955–1960): A real Conestoga wagon drawn by real animals.
Rainbow Caverns Mine Train (1956–1959): A narrow gauge mine train attraction through the new Living Desert. After the scenery was again redone in 1960, it was also upgraded and became: |
9592_13 | Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland (1960–1977): The Big Thunder Mountain Railroad attraction replaced this sedate train ride with a roller coaster version. The only element that remained in place from its scenic vistas was the mighty waterfall tumbling from Cascade Peak into the Rivers of America, visible only from various boat rides around the Rivers. The structure that formed Cascade Peak and its waterfalls was demolished in 1998 after it was found to be suffering structurally from the decades of water that had flowed over it. One of the four locomotives and two cars from the ride remained on a stretch of track where Cascade peak once stood, as a staged wreck scene. The train, however, was removed in early 2010 during the Rivers of America refurbishment. The cacti that were a part of the Living Desert section were mostly relocated to the Magic Kingdom version of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad. Other remnants from Nature's Wonderland include the tunnel from Bear Country, the |
9592_14 | buttes from the Living Desert, the tunnel into Rainbow Caverns (though half-buried in concrete), and the jumping fish seen in Bear Country, all visible on Big Thunder Trail. The animals, however, were buried in concrete as the Imagineers didn't know where to place them. |
9592_15 | Mineral Hall (1956–1963): Mineral Hall was a shop located next door to the Rainbow Caverns Mine Train/Mine Train through Nature's Wonderland ride. Operated by Ultra-Violet Products, the Mineral Hall featured a free exhibit, which included a mineral display lit by black-light. The shop also sold related gifts and mineral samples. Selling anywhere between 10 and 50 cents, the Disneyland-themed mineral samples were labeled "Walt Disney's Mineral Land – Rocks & Minerals".
Indian War Canoes (1956–1971): Now Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes, and part of Critter Country. |
9592_16 | Indian Village (1955–1971): Now Critter Country.
Big Thunder Ranch (1986–2016): A Western-themed casual area for seeing shows, viewing Disneyland's horses on their breaks and days off, and dining at Big Thunder Barbecue which served ribs, chicken, potatoes, beans, and such. The Barbecue remained open for a few more years after the Ranch area became the Festival of Fools stage for The Hunchback of Notre Dame show. Up until its closing, the area was used for special events, a Petting Zoo, and seasonal attractions. It closed in early 2016 for Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. |
9592_17 | Mike Fink Keel Boats (1956–1994, 1996–1997): Shut down due to an accident in 1997 when the Gullywhumper boat began rocking side-to-side on a trip on the Rivers of America and capsized. The attraction never returned. The Gullywhumpers sister boat, the Bertha Mae, was sold on Disney's auctions site. In 2003, the Gullywhumper returned to the Rivers of America as a prop and is moored on Tom Sawyer Island, where it is visible from the Mark Twain Riverboat, the Sailing Ship Columbia, and the Explorer Canoes.
Little Patch of Heaven Petting Farm (2004–2005): Petting zoo located at Big Thunder Ranch to promote the film Home on the Range. |
9592_18 | Adventureland
Tahitian Terrace (1962–1993): Dinner show with various Polynesian entertainment. Replaced by:
Aladdin's Oasis (1993–1995, 1997–2008): Dinner show based on the 1992 film Aladdin. The dinner show ended in 1995 and the stage show was brought back in 1997–2008.
Big Game Safari Shooting Gallery (1962–1982): A jungle-themed shooting gallery with images of wild animals as the targets.
Swiss Family Treehouse (1962–1999): Treehouse based on the film Swiss Family Robinson. Rethemed as Tarzan's Treehouse in 1999 and still open under that name.
New Orleans Square |
9592_19 | The Disney Gallery (1987–2007): A gallery of Disney-related art. The Disney Gallery was the only area listed on Disneyland maps as both an attraction and a retail location. The Gallery sometimes featured preliminary artwork and sketches from certain attractions or movies, sometimes (as in the 100 Mickeys exhibit) the displayed art was associated only with Disney and not with any specific attraction, film, or event. Often, prints from the exhibit were available for purchase via the print-on-demand system, and the Gallery always featured items such as books about Disney artwork. The Gallery used to sell prints of the ride posters featured in the tunnels leading to and from Main Street. The former gallery was replaced by the Disneyland Dream Suite. In October 2009 the gallery re-opened, but now it resides on Main Street, U.S.A. |
9592_20 | Disneyland Dream Suite (2008-2014): A 2,200-square-foot (200 m2) luxury apartment. It was created as part of the "Year of a Million Dreams" promotion that ran from October 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008. |
9592_21 | Critter Country |
9592_22 | Bear Country opened in 1972 and was renamed Critter Country in 1988.
Country Bear Jamboree (1972–2001): An audio-animatronic show featuring traditional American folk songs sung by a variety of bears and their friends, including Henry the host and Big Al, Shaker (a.k.a. Terrence), The Sun Bonnets (Bunny, Bubbles, and Beulah), Liver Lips McGrowl, Wendell, Ernest, Gomer, Trixie, Teddi Barra, The Five Bear Rugs (Zeke, Zeb, Ted, Fred and Tennessee), and Zeke's son Oscar. The content of the show was replaced by Country Bear Vacation Hoedown at the Country Bear Playhouse (1986–2001): Used the same animated figures as Country Bear Jamboree, redecorated. This is now the site of The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. |
9592_23 | The Mile-Long Bar (1972–1988): A snack bar fashioned like an old-west wooden bar with brass footrail and featuring wall-sized mirrors at either end so that it appeared that the bar went on forever. Later became Brer Bar and is now the site of the expanded Pooh Corner store (formerly Crocodile Mercantile).
Teddi Barra's Swinging Arcade (1972–2003): Video arcade, now the site of the expanded Pooh Corner store. |
9592_24 | Mickey's Toontown
Jolly Trolley (1993–2003): The Jolly Trolley was a Trolley providing transportation from one end of Toontown to the other. Closed due to crowded walkways presenting major safety hazards, meaning the trolleys could only operate on days with sparse crowds. The Jolly Trolley's track is still present in the main walkway of Toontown, and one car stands stationary in the middle of Toontown.
Chip 'n Dale's Acorn Pit (1993–1998)
Goofy's Bounce House (1993–2008) (re-themed to Goofy's Playhouse)
Toon Park (1993–1998 or 1999)
Tomorrowland |
9592_25 | Circarama, U.S.A. (1955–1997), renamed Circle-Vision 360° in 1967: A film presentation showing scenes from around the United States and later China. Guests stood in a large circular room and watched a film projected on nine large, contiguous screens that surrounded them. During its run, the attraction was hosted by American Motors, Bell System, AT&T Corporation, Pacific Southwest Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In 1998, the theater became the queue for the short-lived Rocket Rods attraction. The building now houses Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters. Shows were:
A Tour of the West (1955–1959)
America the Beautiful (1960–1984)
"All Because Man Wanted to Fly" (lobby pre-show) (1984–1989)
American Journeys (1984–1996)
Wonders of China (1984–1996)
America the Beautiful (1996–1997)
Clock of the World (1955–1966): A clock tower in the center of Tomorrowland
Monsanto Hall of Chemistry (1955–1966): A hands-on museum-like attraction teaching guests about chemistry |
9592_26 | Monsanto's Fashions and Fabrics through the Ages (1965–1966): An exhibition on the evolution of women's attire from the Stone Age to the space age
Space Station X-1 (1955–1960), renamed Satellite View of America in 1958: A circular screen showed America from space.
Rocket to the Moon (1955–1966): Inside a building under a tall futuristic-looking rocket ship, the audience sat in seats around central viewing screens (top and bottom of the center of the room) so that they could see where they were going as they headed away from Earth and towards other worlds. As actual flight to the Moon became more likely, the ride was refurbished as:
Flight to the Moon (1967–1975): A refurbished version of Rocket to the Moon with a mission control pre-show. The ride became obsolete as the United States sent actual manned flights to the Moon between 1969 and 1972, and it was refurbished as: |
9592_27 | Mission to Mars (1975–1992): An updated version of Flight to the Moon, simulating a spaceflight to Mars instead of the Moon.
The attraction building is now the site of Pizza Planet, a space-themed restaurant.
Tomorrowland Boats (1955–1956), renamed Phantom Boats in 1956: The boat engines were unreliable, and this became the first permanent attraction to be removed from Disneyland. Later became the site of Submarine Voyage, now Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage.
The World Beneath Us (1955–1960): A CinemaScope film about man's quest for energy, featuring an animated diorama of the earth's crust.
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Exhibit (1955–1966): A walk-through with sets from the 1954 film
Flight Circle (1955–1966): A show about planes, cars and boats
Hobbyland (1955–1966)
Art Corner (1955–1966)
Aluminum Hall of Fame (1955–1960)
Dutch Boy Color Gallery (1955–1963)
Starcade (1975-2015): A space themed arcade that was originally two stories but the second story closed in the 90s. |
9592_28 | Astro Jets (1956–1964): A rocket-spinner ride originally located between Submarine Voyage and Flight to the Moon. Astro Jets has undergone the following name and location changes:
Tomorrowland Jets (1964–1966): New name for the original attraction after corporate sponsor disagreements. After its closure the original attraction was dismantled and the Carousel of Progress theater was built on the site. The building now houses Star Wars Launch Bay and Super Hero HQ.
Rocket Jets (1967–1997): A new version of the same ride, in a new location above the PeopleMover loading platform. The ride's mechanical components are now part of the Observatron, a sculpture on the same site that plays music and spins at regular intervals.
The ride's present incarnation is known as Astro Orbitor, located at the entrance to Tomorrowland from Main Street, and debuted in 1998.
Crane Company Bathroom of Tomorrow (1956–1960) |
9592_29 | Skyway to Fantasyland (1956–1994): Aerial lift ride; see Skyway to Tomorrowland in Fantasyland, below. The Tomorrowland station was adjacent to the north side of the Carousel of Progress/America Sings (present-day Innoventions) building and has been demolished.
Viewliner Train of Tomorrow (1957–1958): "The fastest miniature train in the world" ran alongside the Disneyland Railroad for just over a year, and therefore has the distinction of being the shortest-lived ride in the park's history. |
9592_30 | Monsanto House of the Future (1957–1967): A walk-through tour of a plastic house with plastic furnishings and interior and modern appliances such as dishwashers. The house was designed in roughly the shape of a plus sign with high-tech rounded exterior contours, all made from white plastic with large windows. It was outdated almost as soon as it was built. It was anchored to a solid concrete foundation that proved to be so indestructible that, when it was dismantled, the work crew gave up and left some of the support pilings in place and they can still be seen in King Triton's Grotto between the Tomorrowland entrance and Fantasyland. |
9592_31 | Submarine Voyage (1959–1998): Riders entered the half-submerged miniature submarines by descending through access hatches at either end of the submarine, sat on tiny fold-down seats, and leaned forward to peer out through portholes on either side of the submarine. The submarines moved around a track in the mermaid lagoon and simulated diving by having bubbles rise around it with the purported captain intoning commands over the loudspeaker (they never really submerged). On the trip, riders saw real-looking and imaginary sea life fastened to rocks or floating in the water, a treasure chest of gold, mermaids and a sea serpent, and passed under icebergs at the "North Pole". The submarines were originally military gray and named after US Navy nuclear-powered submarines but were repainted high-visibility yellow in the 1980s. The attraction returned as "Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage" in 2007.
The Art of Animation (1960–1966) |
9592_32 | Flying Saucers (1961–1966): Guests rode in single-rider cars on a cushion of air that were steered by shifting body weight. The air cushion was supplied from below through holes in the floor that opened when the cars passed over. The ride's site later became the site of the Tomorrowland Stage, and is now the site of Magic Eye Theater. Luigi's Flying Tires at Disney California Adventure was a modern-day version of the Flying Saucers.
Fashion and Fabrics Through the Ages (1965–1966)
Tomorrowland Stage (1967–1977): Performance venue for concerts and other stage shows, built on the site of the Flying Saucers. The stage was demolished due to the construction of Space Mountain, and was replaced by Space Stage (1977–1985), a performance venue that served a similar purpose to the Tomorrowland Stage. The stage's location is now the site of the Magic Eye Theater. |
9592_33 | General Electric Carousel of Progress (1967–1973): A sit-down show in which the building rotated the audience around a series of stages. The stages had audioanimatronic humans and household appliances showing how appliances and electronics advanced about every 20 years from the turn of the century to the "modern" era of the early 1960s. The audience stopped in front of each stage while the characters joked with each other, described life at the time in history, and demonstrated their kitchen. This ride originated at the 1964 New York World's Fair and was installed at Disneyland after the fair closed. In 1974, Carousel of Progress was moved to Florida's Walt Disney World, and the show building was used for America Sings and Innoventions. |
9592_34 | PeopleMover (1967–1995): A scenic, slow-moving ride high-above Tomorrowland that was intended to demonstrate how people could be shuttled around a central urban area without rushing to board individual trains or drive individual cars. It consisted of many dozens of small open-air cars seating up to eight riders, all running continuously on a track above and through the various attractions in Tomorrowland. After the ride was closed, the track sat vacant for two-and-a-half years until the opening of the ill-fated Rocket Rods. The Walt Disney World version is still active in the Magic Kingdom under the name of Tomorrowland Transit Authority. |
9592_35 | Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967–1985): A dark ride that pretended to shrink the rider gradually down to microscopic size within a snowflake, then further to view a water molecule in the flake, then finally to the point where one could see the throbbing nucleus of a single oxygen atom, with electrons zooming all around. The attraction was replaced by Star Tours in 1986 and is now the site of Star Tours: The Adventures Continue. |
9592_36 | America Sings (1974–1988): A sit-down show in the same building using the same stages as Carousel of Progress. Audio-Animatronic animals sang American tunes from different eras. It was described as a "lighthearted journey to Musicland, U.S.A". After the attraction closed in spring of 1988, most of the singing, dancing animals were recycled into the current "Splash Mountain" attraction. Earlier in 1987, two geese were removed and their outer skins peeled and used in the Star Tours queue as droids. The building sat empty from 1988 to 1998, except for seats, the old stages and some offices. Innoventions occupied the same building until its closure on March 31, 2015.
Magic Eye Theater (1986–2015): A theater which showed 3-D films. The theater has shown the following films:
Magic Journeys (1984–1986): A film about children's imaginations, originally shown at Space Stage, then Magic Eye Theater. |
9592_37 | Captain EO (1986–1997, 2010–2015): A film starring Michael Jackson about a spaceship captain and his misfit crew battling against an evil queen. The show closed in 1997 due to certain problems with Jackson's image, but less than a year after Jackson's death in 2009 it was brought back as the "Captain EO Tribute" for a "limited engagement".
Honey, I Shrunk the Audience! (1998–2010): A film that served as a sequel to Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, starring Rick Moranis, Marcia Strassman, Eric Idle, and Robert Oliveri.
The 3-D technology used in the Magic Eye Theater is also used in multiple theaters at Disney California Adventure.
Tomorrowland Autopia (1955–1999): The original Autopia attraction. At least one other Autopia had existed in some form in Fantasyland since 1956. In 1999, the tracks of the Tomorrowland Autopia and the last version of the Fantasyland Autopia were combined to create the present-day Autopia, which opened in 2000. |
9592_38 | Toy Story Funhouse (1996–1997): A temporary stage show and exhibit themed to the 1995 film Toy Story. |
9592_39 | Rocket Rods (1998–2000): A high-speed ride high above Tomorrowland along the former PeopleMover track. The ride's queue, which went through the old Circle-Vision theater, showed early Disney films about transportation combined with more recent footage. Rocket Rods was plagued with technical problems that frequently caused the ride to shut down. Its track and station remain standing and unused, and its queue area is now part of Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters.
The American Space Experience (1998–2003): An exhibit highlighting space exploration in conjunction with NASA's 40th anniversary. It occupied the former Premiere Shop location outside of the Circle-Vision 360 theater. Now the site of the Disney's Fastpass distribution center for Star Tours: The Adventures Continue and part of the Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters ride. |
9592_40 | Star Tours (1986–2010): Built at the original site for Adventure Through Inner Space, this was Disney's first attempt at a motion simulator ride, based on the Star Wars film series. It was closed in late July 2010 to allow the area to be remodeled to a new attraction, Star Tours – The Adventures Continue which features all new simulators, along with a new story line and other changes, including the film being shown in high-definition 3-D film
Innoventions (1998–2015): Built inside the Carousel Theater, its focus was to show near-futuristic technologies. The attraction closed on March 31, 2015, once again leaving the Carousel Theater empty.
Jedi Training Academy (2015–2018) |
9592_41 | Holidayland
Holidayland (1957–1961): Holidayland, the "lost" land of Disneyland, was a recreation area with a separate entrance before being replaced by New Orleans Square. Holidayland featured a baseball diamond, a circus and a picnic area and more resembled a park than a themed land.
Parades
Christmas in Many Lands (1957–1959?)
Mickey at the Movies (1960–1964)
Christmas Toy Parade (1960–1964?)
Fantasy on Parade (1965–1976, 1980–1986) |
9592_42 | Mickey's Character Parade (Early 70's)
America on Parade (1975–1976)
Mickey's 50th Birthday Parade (1978)
Dumbo's Circus Parade (1979)
Disneyland's 25th Anniversary Family Reunion Parade (1980)
It's a Small World Parade (1981)
Flights of Fantasy (1983)
American Gazette (1984–1985)
Donald's 50th Birthday (1984)
Mickey, Our Hero (1984)
Disneyland's 30th Anniversary Parade (1985)
Circus Fantasy Parade (1986–1988)
Totally Minnie (1986–1987)
Snow White's 50th Anniversary (1987)
State Fair Parade (1987–1988)
The Very Merry Christmas Parade (1987–1993)
Blast To The Past (1988–1989)
Mickey's 60th Birthday (1988–1989)
Hooray For Disney Stars Parade (1989–1990)
Party Gras Parade (1990)
Celebration, U.S.A. (1991)
Livin' in the USA (1992)
The World According to Goofy (1992)
Aladdin's Royal Caravan (1993–1994)
The Lion King Celebration (1994–1997)
Crusin' The Kingdom (1996–1997)
Light Magic (1997)
Hercules' Victory Parade (1997–1998)
Mulan Parade (1998–1999) |
9592_43 | 45 Years of Magic Parade/Parade of the Stars (2000–2005)
Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams (2005–2008)
Celebrate! A Street Party (2009–2010)
Paint the Night Parade (May 22, 2015 - January 8, 2017)
Pixar Play Parade (April 2018- November 2018)
Mickey's Soundsational Parade (2011–2019)
Main Street Electrical Parade ((June 1972 - 1996), (January 19, 2017 - August 20, 2017), (August 2, 2019 - September 30, 2019))
Magic Happens (February 28, 2020 – present) |
9592_44 | Fireworks
Fantasy in the Sky (1958–1996)
Believe... There's Magic in the Stars (February 2000–May 2004)
Imagine... A Fantasy in the Sky (June 2004–April 2005)
Remember... Dreams Come True (May 2005-June 2009)
Magical: Disney's New Nighttime Spectacular of Magical Celebrations (2009-2014)
Remember... Dreams Come True (January 2010-November 2014)
Fantasy in the Sky (January 2015-May 2015)
Disneyland Forever (May 2015-September 2016)
Fantasy in the Sky (September 2016-January 2017)
Remember... Dreams Come True (February 2017-April 2018)
Together Forever: A Pixar Nighttime Spectacular (April–September 2018)
Remember... Dreams Come True (September 2018-January 2019)
Mickey's Mix Magic (January–June 2019)
Disneyland Forever (June–September 2019)
Mickey's Mix Magic (October 2019 – Present)
See also
List of Disneyland attractions
List of former Disney California Adventure attractions
Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
References
External links |
9592_45 | Yesterland: With photos of bygone attractions.
General Electric Carousel of Progress at the NY World's fair and beyond, several pages of information
Disneyland Maps: All past Disneyland large poster-sized wall maps sold in the park.
Overview of Disneyland Publications from its history
Walt's Magic Kingdom: List of Disneyland attractions, shops, shows and restaurants since 1955.
Crane Bathroom of Tomorrow
Disneyland branch of Bank of America 1955 tri-fold brochure cover and money orders
Lists of Disney attractions
Lists of former amusement park attractions
Lists of former buildings and structures
Articles containing video clips |
9593_0 | Christa Gail Pike (born March 10, 1976) is an American convicted murderer, and the youngest woman to be sentenced to death in the United States during the post-Furman period. She was 20 when convicted of the torture murder of a classmate she committed at age 18.
Pike lived a troubled life and dropped out of high school. She joined the Job Corps, a government program aimed at helping low-income youth by offering vocational training and career skills, and attended the now-closed Job Corps center in Knoxville, Tennessee. Pike began dating a man a year her junior named Tadaryl Shipp. Together, they developed interest in the occult and devil worship.
Crime
Pike became jealous of 19-year-old Colleen Slemmer, who she thought was trying to "steal" her boyfriend from her; friends of Slemmer denied the accusations. Along with friend Shadolla Peterson, 18, Pike planned to lure Slemmer to an isolated, abandoned steam plant near the University of Tennessee campus. |
9593_1 | On January 12, 1995, Pike, Shipp, Peterson, and Slemmer signed out of the dormitory and proceeded to the woods, where Slemmer was told they wanted to make peace by offering her some marijuana. Upon arrival at the secluded location, Slemmer was attacked by Pike and Shipp while Peterson acted as lookout. According to later court testimony, for the next thirty minutes Slemmer was taunted, beaten, and slashed, and a pentagram was carved in her chest. Finally, Pike smashed Slemmer's skull with a large chunk of asphalt, killing her. Pike kept a piece of her victim's skull. |
9593_2 | Pike began to show off the piece of skull around the school, and within thirty-six hours the three were arrested. The log book showed that the four of them left together and only three returned. Detectives found the piece of skull in Pike's jacket pocket. The suspects' rooms were searched and a copy of the Satanic Bible was found in Shipp's. Soon after her arrest Pike confessed to police of the torture and killing of Slemmer but insisted they were merely trying to scare her and it got out of control. |
9593_3 | Trial
During Pike's trial, the prosecution was aided by evidence and Pike's confession. Pike was charged with first degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder. On March 22, 1996, after only a few hours of deliberation, Pike was found guilty on both counts. On March 30, Pike was sentenced to death by electrocution for the murder charge and 25 years in prison for the conspiracy charge. Shipp received a life sentence with the possibility of parole plus 25 years. Peterson, who had turned informant, received probation for pleading guilty to being an accessory after the fact. |
9593_4 | Appeals of conviction
Following the guilty verdict, Pike "launched, cancelled and then re-launched" an appeal of her conviction in the Tennessee state courts. In June 2001, then again in June 2002, against the advice of her lawyers, Pike asked the courts to drop her appeal and sought to be executed via electrocution. Criminal Court Judge Mary Beth Leibowitz granted the request and an execution date of August 19, 2002, was set. Pike soon thereafter changed her mind and on July 8, 2002, defense lawyers filed a motion to allow the appeal process to continue. This motion was denied. However, on August 2, 2002, a three judge state appeals court panel ruled that the proceedings should be continued and the execution was not carried out. In December 2008, Pike's latest request for a new trial was turned down and she was returned to death row. With this denial Pike's allowed appeals under the rules and procedures of the State of Tennessee's criminal justice system were exhausted. |
9593_5 | In May 2014 Pike's Lawyers entered an appeal in the federal court system. Her lawyers sought a commutation of the sentence from death to prison on the following grounds: ineffective assistance of counsel; Pike suffered from mental illness; and capital punishment as administered in Tennessee is unconstitutional. In a 61 page ruling by U.S. District Judge Harry S. Mattice Jr. issued on March 11 2016 all grounds were rejected and the requested commutation was denied. On August 22 2019, having heard the same appeal by Pike's lawyers on October 1 2018, the three judge United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit panel unanimously upheld the lower court ruling and denied relief. |
9593_6 | Attempted murder conviction
On August 24, 2001, Pike (with alleged assistance from inmate Natasha Cornett) attacked and attempted to strangle fellow inmate Patricia Jones with a shoe string, and nearly succeeded in choking her to death. She was convicted of attempted first degree murder on August 12, 2004. Although it is the position of the Tennessee Department of Corrections that Cornett assisted in this crime, their investigators concluded there was insufficient evidence to charge her with helping Pike attack Jones. |
9593_7 | Attempted prison break
In March 2012, it was revealed that Pike had made escape plans involving corrections officer Justin Heflin and a New Jersey man named Donald Kohut. Though it has never been determined how it exactly began, Kohut, who worked as a personal trainer and was then in his early thirties, entered into a letter writing correspondence with Pike around the beginning of 2011. By July of that year, Kohut was making the close to 1800 mile (by car) round trip from Flemington, New Jersey to Nashville, Tennessee to visit Pike in person on visiting days once or twice a month. Eventually Kohut communicated a plan for her escape to Pike and enlisted the help of corrections officer Heflin, who agreed to participate in return for cash and gifts. |
9593_8 | Because of security concerns, the Tennessee Department of Corrections has not provided many details about the plan, however the eventually unsealed indictment laid out a scenario where a prison key would be traced and then a duplicate created.
Early in 2012, prison personnel received information about the escape plot. This led to the attempted prison break being thwarted by a joint investigation involving the Tennessee Department of Corrections, the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) and the New Jersey State Police. According to the TBI, the plan was not very far along when uncovered and "the jailbreak was not imminent".
In March 2012, Kohut was arrested and charged with bribery and conspiracy to commit escape, while Heflin was arrested and
charged with bribery, official misconduct and conspiracy to commit escape. Pike was not charged and it was unclear to the investigators if she was a participant in the conspiracy other than being aware of it. |
9593_9 | On May 31, 2012, Kohut was sentenced to seven years in prison the time to be served at the Tennessee State Northeast Correctional Complex.
Heflin, who cooperated with authorities after his arrest, served no prison time but was terminated from his job with the Tennessee Department of Corrections. |
9593_10 | Scheduled execution
On August 27, 2020, Tennessee Attorney General Herbert Slatery’s office requested the Tennessee Supreme Court to set an execution date for Pike. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee and various other factors, Pike's attorneys were granted extensions by the court, allowing them more time to argue as to why Pike should not be executed. The state did not oppose the extensions. On June 7, 2021, Pike's attorneys filed a motion to oppose the execution date and request a Certificate of Commutation. The court is expected to decide on the matter as to whether Pike can be executed or if her sentence will be commuted. If Pike is executed, she would be the first woman to be executed in Tennessee in roughly 200 years.
In popular culture
The murder of Colleen Slemmer was featured on the TV shows Deadly Women, For My Man, Killer Kids, Martinis and Murder, and Snapped: Killer Couples.
A book was written about the murder, called A Love To Die For, by Patricia Springer. |
9593_11 | See also
List of death row inmates in the United States
List of people scheduled to be executed in the United States
List of women on death row in the United States
References
1976 births
Living people
American female murderers
American female criminals
American people convicted of attempted murder
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to death
Crimes involving Satanism or the occult
People convicted of murder by Tennessee
Prisoners sentenced to death by Tennessee
Women sentenced to death
Violence against women in the United States
1995 murders in the United States
20th-century American criminals
Criminals from West Virginia
People from Beckley, West Virginia |
9594_0 | The Old Royal Naval College is the architectural centrepiece of Maritime Greenwich, a World Heritage Site in Greenwich, London, described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as being of "outstanding universal value" and reckoned to be the "finest and most dramatically sited architectural and landscape ensemble in the British Isles". The site is managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College, set up in July 1998 as a registered charity to "look after these magnificent buildings and their grounds for the benefit of the nation". The grounds and some of its buildings are open to visitors. The buildings were originally constructed to serve as the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich, now generally known as Greenwich Hospital, which was designed by Christopher Wren, and built between 1696 and 1712. The hospital closed in 1869. Between 1873 and 1998 it was the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.
Origins of the site |
9594_1 | This was originally the site of Bella Court, built by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and subsequently renamed Palace of Placentia by Margaret of Anjou upon its confiscation. Rebuilt by Henry VII, it was thenceforth more commonly known as Greenwich Palace. As such, it was the birthplace of Tudor monarchs Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, and reputedly the favourite palace of Henry VIII. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War. With the exception of the incomplete John Webb building, the palace was finally demolished in 1694.
Greenwich Hospital |
9594_2 | In 1692 the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich was created on the site on the instructions of Mary II, who had been inspired by the sight of wounded sailors returning from the Battle of La Hogue. Architectural highlights included the Chapel and the Painted Hall. The Painted Hall was painted between 1707 and 1726 by Sir James Thornhill. The hospital closed in 1869 and the remains of thousands of sailors and officers were removed from the hospital site in 1875 and reinterred in East Greenwich Pleasaunce or "Pleasaunce Park".
Royal Naval College, Greenwich
In 1873, four years after the hospital closed, the buildings were converted to a training establishment for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy finally left the College in 1998 when the site passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College. |
9594_3 | Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College
Since 1998, the site has had new life breathed into it through a mix of new uses and activities and a revival of the historic old site under the management and control of the Greenwich Foundation. The buildings are Grade I listed. In 1999 some parts of Queen Mary and King William, and the whole of Queen Anne and the Dreadnought Building were leased for 150 years by the University of Greenwich. In 2000 Trinity College of Music leased the major part of King Charles. This created a unique new educational and cultural mix. |
9594_4 | In 2002 the Foundation realised its aim of opening up the whole site to visitors. It opened the Painted Hall, the Chapel and the grounds and a Visitor Centre to the public daily, free of charge, with guided tours available. The Old Royal Naval College became open to students and visitors of all ages and nationalities accompanied often by music wafting from Trinity College. As Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote in 1863, "the people are sooner or later the legitimate inheritors of whatever beauty kings and queens create". |
9594_5 | In 2005, the room where Nelson's coffin was held prior to his being laid-in-state was opened as the Nelson Room. The little side room contains a statue of Nelson replicating the one in Trafalgar Square, memorabilia, paintings and information. It can be seen on one of the guided tours that also include a visit to the undercrofts, the old skittle alley and crypt. A service is held in the chapel every Sunday at 11 am which is open to all. Public concerts are regularly held here and a wide variety of business and cultural events are held in the Painted Hall. The area is used by visitors, students, local people and film crews in a traffic-free environment that provides a variety of coffee shops, bars and restaurants, all incorporated within the old buildings, as part of a unique "ancient and modern" blend that support 21st century life in Greenwich. |
9594_6 | The Old Royal Naval College and the "Maritime Greenwich" World Heritage site are becoming focal points for a wide range of business and community activities. Trinity College of Music provide a wide range of musicians and ensembles on a subsidised commercial basis to play at events throughout East London and beyond, part of their business and community “out-reach” policy encouraged and part-funded by the Higher Education Funding Council.
The site is regularly used for filming television programmes, television advertisements, and feature films. Productions have included Patriot Games, where an attack on a fictional royal family member, Lord Holmes, was filmed, as well as Shanghai Knights, and a 2006 television advertisement campaign for the British food and clothing retailer Marks & Spencer. Other films include Four Weddings and a Funeral, The Madness of King George, The Mummy Returns, The Avengers (1998) and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001). |
9594_7 | More recent filming has included BBC television's spy-drama Spooks and the dramatisation of Little Dorrit, David Cronenberg's film Eastern Promises, the film adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel Northern Lights and The Wolf Man (2009). The grounds were used extensively during the filming of 2006's Amazing Grace, and 2011's Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, Now You See Me 2 and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. Scenes were shot at the grounds for The King's Speech, where the site doubled for Buckingham Palace, and The Dark Knight Rises, where it doubled for a cafe in the film's final scenes. In April 2012 the site was used for the iconic barricade scenes in the film adaption of the musical Les Miserables. In October 2012 the college was used for filming Thor: The Dark World. In October 2013 the college was used as a set for The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. Also Guy Richie's 2005 film Revolver filmed a scene there. |
9594_8 | Painted Hall project
In 2014 the Old Royal Naval College announced that it was embarking on the next stage of its ambitious plans to restore the Painted Hall. Over three years 3,700 m2 of Thornhill’s masterpiece was to be conserved. The conservation project focused on the Lower Hall (the Upper Hall having been conserved in 2013). The project included a unique series of public 'ceiling tours' allowing members of the public to get up close to the painted ceiling and see conservators at work. In March 2019, the hall reopened to the public, the project winning awards.
Gallery
See also
Greenwich Hospital Act
Discover Greenwich Visitor Centre on the Old Royal Naval College site
References
External links
University of Greenwich
Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance – Music Faculty
Greenwich World Heritage Site
Photos from the conversion |
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