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1 | 6405-6408 | 14 Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol Compare acidity
of phenol with that of ethanol 7 15 Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol |
1 | 6406-6409 | Compare acidity
of phenol with that of ethanol 7 15 Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol 7 |
1 | 6407-6410 | 7 15 Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol 7 16 Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring
activate it towards electrophilic substitution |
1 | 6408-6411 | 15 Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol 7 16 Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring
activate it towards electrophilic substitution 7 |
1 | 6409-6412 | 7 16 Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring
activate it towards electrophilic substitution 7 17 Give equations of the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution |
1 | 6410-6413 | 16 Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring
activate it towards electrophilic substitution 7 17 Give equations of the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution (ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol |
1 | 6411-6414 | 7 17 Give equations of the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution (ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol (iii) Dilute HNO3 with phenol |
1 | 6412-6415 | 17 Give equations of the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution (ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol (iii) Dilute HNO3 with phenol (iv) Treating phenol wih chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH |
1 | 6413-6416 | (ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol (iii) Dilute HNO3 with phenol (iv) Treating phenol wih chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH 7 |
1 | 6414-6417 | (iii) Dilute HNO3 with phenol (iv) Treating phenol wih chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH 7 18 Explain the following with an example |
1 | 6415-6418 | (iv) Treating phenol wih chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH 7 18 Explain the following with an example (i) Kolbe’s reaction |
1 | 6416-6419 | 7 18 Explain the following with an example (i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
1 | 6417-6420 | 18 Explain the following with an example (i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (iii) Williamson ether synthesis |
1 | 6418-6421 | (i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (iii) Williamson ether synthesis (iv) Unsymmetrical ether |
1 | 6419-6422 | (ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (iii) Williamson ether synthesis (iv) Unsymmetrical ether 7 |
1 | 6420-6423 | (iii) Williamson ether synthesis (iv) Unsymmetrical ether 7 19 Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene |
1 | 6421-6424 | (iv) Unsymmetrical ether 7 19 Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene 7 |
1 | 6422-6425 | 7 19 Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene 7 20 How are the following conversions carried out |
1 | 6423-6426 | 19 Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene 7 20 How are the following conversions carried out (i) Propene ® Propan-2-ol |
1 | 6424-6427 | 7 20 How are the following conversions carried out (i) Propene ® Propan-2-ol (ii) Benzyl chloride ® Benzyl alcohol |
1 | 6425-6428 | 20 How are the following conversions carried out (i) Propene ® Propan-2-ol (ii) Benzyl chloride ® Benzyl alcohol (iii) Ethyl magnesium chloride ® Propan-1-ol |
1 | 6426-6429 | (i) Propene ® Propan-2-ol (ii) Benzyl chloride ® Benzyl alcohol (iii) Ethyl magnesium chloride ® Propan-1-ol (iv) Methyl magnesium bromide ® 2-Methylpropan-2-ol |
1 | 6427-6430 | (ii) Benzyl chloride ® Benzyl alcohol (iii) Ethyl magnesium chloride ® Propan-1-ol (iv) Methyl magnesium bromide ® 2-Methylpropan-2-ol 7 |
1 | 6428-6431 | (iii) Ethyl magnesium chloride ® Propan-1-ol (iv) Methyl magnesium bromide ® 2-Methylpropan-2-ol 7 21 Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid |
1 | 6429-6432 | (iv) Methyl magnesium bromide ® 2-Methylpropan-2-ol 7 21 Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde |
1 | 6430-6433 | 7 21 Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol |
1 | 6431-6434 | 21 Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid |
1 | 6432-6435 | (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene |
1 | 6433-6436 | (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol |
1 | 6434-6437 | (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol 7 |
1 | 6435-6438 | (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol 7 22 Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to
methoxymethane |
1 | 6436-6439 | (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol 7 22 Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to
methoxymethane Rationalised 2023-24
224
Chemistry
7 |
1 | 6437-6440 | 7 22 Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to
methoxymethane Rationalised 2023-24
224
Chemistry
7 23 Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:
7 |
1 | 6438-6441 | 22 Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to
methoxymethane Rationalised 2023-24
224
Chemistry
7 23 Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:
7 24 Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following
ethers by Williamson’s synthesis:
(i) 1-Propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxybenzene
(iii) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-Methoxyethane
7 |
1 | 6439-6442 | Rationalised 2023-24
224
Chemistry
7 23 Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:
7 24 Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following
ethers by Williamson’s synthesis:
(i) 1-Propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxybenzene
(iii) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-Methoxyethane
7 25 Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the
preparation of certain types of ethers |
1 | 6440-6443 | 23 Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:
7 24 Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following
ethers by Williamson’s synthesis:
(i) 1-Propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxybenzene
(iii) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-Methoxyethane
7 25 Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the
preparation of certain types of ethers 7 |
1 | 6441-6444 | 24 Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following
ethers by Williamson’s synthesis:
(i) 1-Propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxybenzene
(iii) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-Methoxyethane
7 25 Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the
preparation of certain types of ethers 7 26 How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-1-ol |
1 | 6442-6445 | 25 Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the
preparation of certain types of ethers 7 26 How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-1-ol Write mechanism
of this reaction |
1 | 6443-6446 | 7 26 How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-1-ol Write mechanism
of this reaction 7 |
1 | 6444-6447 | 26 How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-1-ol Write mechanism
of this reaction 7 27 Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols
is not a suitable method |
1 | 6445-6448 | Write mechanism
of this reaction 7 27 Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols
is not a suitable method Give reason |
1 | 6446-6449 | 7 27 Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols
is not a suitable method Give reason 7 |
1 | 6447-6450 | 27 Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols
is not a suitable method Give reason 7 28 Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide with:
(i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene and (iii) benzyl ethyl ether |
1 | 6448-6451 | Give reason 7 28 Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide with:
(i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene and (iii) benzyl ethyl ether 7 |
1 | 6449-6452 | 7 28 Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide with:
(i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene and (iii) benzyl ethyl ether 7 29 Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the
incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring |
1 | 6450-6453 | 28 Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide with:
(i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene and (iii) benzyl ethyl ether 7 29 Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the
incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring 7 |
1 | 6451-6454 | 7 29 Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the
incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring 7 30 Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with methoxymethane |
1 | 6452-6455 | 29 Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the
incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring 7 30 Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with methoxymethane 7 |
1 | 6453-6456 | 7 30 Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with methoxymethane 7 31 Write equations of the following reactions:
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction – alkylation of anisole |
1 | 6454-6457 | 30 Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with methoxymethane 7 31 Write equations of the following reactions:
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction – alkylation of anisole (ii) Nitration of anisole |
1 | 6455-6458 | 7 31 Write equations of the following reactions:
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction – alkylation of anisole (ii) Nitration of anisole (iii) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium |
1 | 6456-6459 | 31 Write equations of the following reactions:
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction – alkylation of anisole (ii) Nitration of anisole (iii) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium (iv) Friedel-Craft’s acetylation of anisole |
1 | 6457-6460 | (ii) Nitration of anisole (iii) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium (iv) Friedel-Craft’s acetylation of anisole 7 |
1 | 6458-6461 | (iii) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium (iv) Friedel-Craft’s acetylation of anisole 7 32 Show how would you synthesise the following alcohols from appropriate
alkenes |
1 | 6459-6462 | (iv) Friedel-Craft’s acetylation of anisole 7 32 Show how would you synthesise the following alcohols from appropriate
alkenes CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
7 |
1 | 6460-6463 | 7 32 Show how would you synthesise the following alcohols from appropriate
alkenes CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
7 33 When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes
place:
Give a mechanism for this reaction |
1 | 6461-6464 | 32 Show how would you synthesise the following alcohols from appropriate
alkenes CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
7 33 When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes
place:
Give a mechanism for this reaction (Hint : The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more
stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom |
1 | 6462-6465 | CH3
OH
OH
OH
OH
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
7 33 When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes
place:
Give a mechanism for this reaction (Hint : The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more
stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom Rationalised 2023-24
225
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Answers to Some Intext Questions
7 |
1 | 6463-6466 | 33 When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes
place:
Give a mechanism for this reaction (Hint : The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more
stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom Rationalised 2023-24
225
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Answers to Some Intext Questions
7 1 Primary alcohols
(i), (ii), (iii)
Secondary alcohols
(iv) and (v)
Tertiary alcohols
(vi)
7 |
1 | 6464-6467 | (Hint : The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more
stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom Rationalised 2023-24
225
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Answers to Some Intext Questions
7 1 Primary alcohols
(i), (ii), (iii)
Secondary alcohols
(iv) and (v)
Tertiary alcohols
(vi)
7 2 Allylic alcohols
(ii) and (vi)
7 |
1 | 6465-6468 | Rationalised 2023-24
225
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Answers to Some Intext Questions
7 1 Primary alcohols
(i), (ii), (iii)
Secondary alcohols
(iv) and (v)
Tertiary alcohols
(vi)
7 2 Allylic alcohols
(ii) and (vi)
7 3
(i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol
(ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol
(iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol
(iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol
(v) 2-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
7 |
1 | 6466-6469 | 1 Primary alcohols
(i), (ii), (iii)
Secondary alcohols
(iv) and (v)
Tertiary alcohols
(vi)
7 2 Allylic alcohols
(ii) and (vi)
7 3
(i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol
(ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol
(iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol
(iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol
(v) 2-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
7 4
7 |
1 | 6467-6470 | 2 Allylic alcohols
(ii) and (vi)
7 3
(i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol
(ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol
(iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol
(iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol
(v) 2-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
7 4
7 5
CH3
CH3
CH
(i)
OH
OH
(ii)
CH2
C
OCH3
O
CH3
CH OH
2
CH
(iii)
CH3
CH2
7 |
1 | 6468-6471 | 3
(i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol
(ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol
(iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol
(iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol
(v) 2-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
7 4
7 5
CH3
CH3
CH
(i)
OH
OH
(ii)
CH2
C
OCH3
O
CH3
CH OH
2
CH
(iii)
CH3
CH2
7 7 (i) 1-Methylcyclohexene
(ii)
A Mixture of but-1-ene and but-2-ene |
1 | 6469-6472 | 4
7 5
CH3
CH3
CH
(i)
OH
OH
(ii)
CH2
C
OCH3
O
CH3
CH OH
2
CH
(iii)
CH3
CH2
7 7 (i) 1-Methylcyclohexene
(ii)
A Mixture of but-1-ene and but-2-ene But-2-ene is the major product
formed due to rearrangement to give secondary carbocation |
1 | 6470-6473 | 5
CH3
CH3
CH
(i)
OH
OH
(ii)
CH2
C
OCH3
O
CH3
CH OH
2
CH
(iii)
CH3
CH2
7 7 (i) 1-Methylcyclohexene
(ii)
A Mixture of but-1-ene and but-2-ene But-2-ene is the major product
formed due to rearrangement to give secondary carbocation 7 |
1 | 6471-6474 | 7 (i) 1-Methylcyclohexene
(ii)
A Mixture of but-1-ene and but-2-ene But-2-ene is the major product
formed due to rearrangement to give secondary carbocation 7 10
C H OH
2
5
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – ONa
CH3
HBr
C H Br
2
5
C H Br
2
5
+
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – OC H
2
5
CH3
2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Rationalised 2023-24
226
Chemistry
7 |
1 | 6472-6475 | But-2-ene is the major product
formed due to rearrangement to give secondary carbocation 7 10
C H OH
2
5
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – ONa
CH3
HBr
C H Br
2
5
C H Br
2
5
+
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – OC H
2
5
CH3
2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Rationalised 2023-24
226
Chemistry
7 11 (ii)
7 |
1 | 6473-6476 | 7 10
C H OH
2
5
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – ONa
CH3
HBr
C H Br
2
5
C H Br
2
5
+
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – OC H
2
5
CH3
2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Rationalised 2023-24
226
Chemistry
7 11 (ii)
7 12 (i)
3
2
2
3
CH CH CH OH
CH Br
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3
2
5
3
CH
C
I
C H OH
Rationalised 2023-24
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
write the common and IUPAC
names of aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids;
•
write
the
structures
of
the
compounds containing functional
groups namely carbonyl and
carboxyl groups;
•
describe the important methods
of preparation and reactions of
these classes of compounds;
•
correlate physical properties and
chemical reactions of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids,
with their structures;
•
explain the mechanism of a few
selected reactions of aldehydes
and ketones;
•
understand
various
factors
affecting the acidity of carboxylic
acids and their reactions;
•
describe the uses of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids |
1 | 6474-6477 | 10
C H OH
2
5
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – ONa
CH3
HBr
C H Br
2
5
C H Br
2
5
+
CH3 – CH2 – CH –
CH3
CH – OC H
2
5
CH3
2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Rationalised 2023-24
226
Chemistry
7 11 (ii)
7 12 (i)
3
2
2
3
CH CH CH OH
CH Br
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3
2
5
3
CH
C
I
C H OH
Rationalised 2023-24
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
write the common and IUPAC
names of aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids;
•
write
the
structures
of
the
compounds containing functional
groups namely carbonyl and
carboxyl groups;
•
describe the important methods
of preparation and reactions of
these classes of compounds;
•
correlate physical properties and
chemical reactions of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids,
with their structures;
•
explain the mechanism of a few
selected reactions of aldehydes
and ketones;
•
understand
various
factors
affecting the acidity of carboxylic
acids and their reactions;
•
describe the uses of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids Objectives
Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic
chemistry |
1 | 6475-6478 | 11 (ii)
7 12 (i)
3
2
2
3
CH CH CH OH
CH Br
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3
2
5
3
CH
C
I
C H OH
Rationalised 2023-24
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
write the common and IUPAC
names of aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids;
•
write
the
structures
of
the
compounds containing functional
groups namely carbonyl and
carboxyl groups;
•
describe the important methods
of preparation and reactions of
these classes of compounds;
•
correlate physical properties and
chemical reactions of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids,
with their structures;
•
explain the mechanism of a few
selected reactions of aldehydes
and ketones;
•
understand
various
factors
affecting the acidity of carboxylic
acids and their reactions;
•
describe the uses of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids Objectives
Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic
chemistry They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics
and drugs |
1 | 6476-6479 | 12 (i)
3
2
2
3
CH CH CH OH
CH Br
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3
2
5
3
CH
C
I
C H OH
Rationalised 2023-24
After studying this Unit, you will be
•able to
write the common and IUPAC
names of aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids;
•
write
the
structures
of
the
compounds containing functional
groups namely carbonyl and
carboxyl groups;
•
describe the important methods
of preparation and reactions of
these classes of compounds;
•
correlate physical properties and
chemical reactions of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids,
with their structures;
•
explain the mechanism of a few
selected reactions of aldehydes
and ketones;
•
understand
various
factors
affecting the acidity of carboxylic
acids and their reactions;
•
describe the uses of aldehydes,
ketones and carboxylic acids Objectives
Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic
chemistry They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics
and drugs 8
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit8
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
In the previous Unit, you have studied organic
compounds with functional groups containing carbon-
oxygen single bond |
1 | 6477-6480 | Objectives
Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic
chemistry They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics
and drugs 8
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit8
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
In the previous Unit, you have studied organic
compounds with functional groups containing carbon-
oxygen single bond In this Unit, we will study about the
organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double
bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group, which is one of the
most important functional groups in organic chemistry |
1 | 6478-6481 | They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics
and drugs 8
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit8
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
In the previous Unit, you have studied organic
compounds with functional groups containing carbon-
oxygen single bond In this Unit, we will study about the
organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double
bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group, which is one of the
most important functional groups in organic chemistry In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen while in the ketones, it is bonded
to two carbon atoms |
1 | 6479-6482 | 8
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit8
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Aldehydes,,,,, KKKKKeeeeetones
tones
tones
tones
tones
and
and
and
and
and Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
AAAAAcids
cids
cids
cids
cids
In the previous Unit, you have studied organic
compounds with functional groups containing carbon-
oxygen single bond In this Unit, we will study about the
organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double
bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group, which is one of the
most important functional groups in organic chemistry In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen while in the ketones, it is bonded
to two carbon atoms The carbonyl compounds in which
carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or
hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are
known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where
carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen
of -NH2 moiety or to halogens are called amides and
acyl halides respectively |
1 | 6480-6483 | In this Unit, we will study about the
organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double
bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group, which is one of the
most important functional groups in organic chemistry In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen while in the ketones, it is bonded
to two carbon atoms The carbonyl compounds in which
carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or
hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are
known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where
carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen
of -NH2 moiety or to halogens are called amides and
acyl halides respectively Esters and anhydrides are
derivatives of carboxylic acids |
1 | 6481-6484 | In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen while in the ketones, it is bonded
to two carbon atoms The carbonyl compounds in which
carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or
hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are
known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where
carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen
of -NH2 moiety or to halogens are called amides and
acyl halides respectively Esters and anhydrides are
derivatives of carboxylic acids The general formulas of
these classes of compounds are given below:
Rationalised 2023-24
228
Chemistry
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are widespread in plants
and animal kingdom |
1 | 6482-6485 | The carbonyl compounds in which
carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or
hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are
known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where
carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen
of -NH2 moiety or to halogens are called amides and
acyl halides respectively Esters and anhydrides are
derivatives of carboxylic acids The general formulas of
these classes of compounds are given below:
Rationalised 2023-24
228
Chemistry
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are widespread in plants
and animal kingdom They play an important role in biochemical
processes of life |
1 | 6483-6486 | Esters and anhydrides are
derivatives of carboxylic acids The general formulas of
these classes of compounds are given below:
Rationalised 2023-24
228
Chemistry
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are widespread in plants
and animal kingdom They play an important role in biochemical
processes of life They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example,
vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadow sweet) and
cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrances |
1 | 6484-6487 | The general formulas of
these classes of compounds are given below:
Rationalised 2023-24
228
Chemistry
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are widespread in plants
and animal kingdom They play an important role in biochemical
processes of life They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example,
vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadow sweet) and
cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrances 8 |
1 | 6485-6488 | They play an important role in biochemical
processes of life They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example,
vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadow sweet) and
cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrances 8 1 |
1 | 6486-6489 | They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example,
vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadow sweet) and
cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrances 8 1 1
Nomenclature
I |
1 | 6487-6490 | 8 1 1
Nomenclature
I Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are the simplest and most important carbonyl
compounds |
1 | 6488-6491 | 1 1
Nomenclature
I Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are the simplest and most important carbonyl
compounds There are two systems of nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones |
1 | 6489-6492 | 1
Nomenclature
I Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are the simplest and most important carbonyl
compounds There are two systems of nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones (a) Common names
Aldehydes and ketones are often called by their common names
instead of IUPAC names |
1 | 6490-6493 | Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are the simplest and most important carbonyl
compounds There are two systems of nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones (a) Common names
Aldehydes and ketones are often called by their common names
instead of IUPAC names The common names of most aldehydes are
derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic
acids [Section 8 |
1 | 6491-6494 | There are two systems of nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones (a) Common names
Aldehydes and ketones are often called by their common names
instead of IUPAC names The common names of most aldehydes are
derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic
acids [Section 8 6 |
1 | 6492-6495 | (a) Common names
Aldehydes and ketones are often called by their common names
instead of IUPAC names The common names of most aldehydes are
derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic
acids [Section 8 6 1] by replacing the ending –ic of acid with aldehyde |
1 | 6493-6496 | The common names of most aldehydes are
derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic
acids [Section 8 6 1] by replacing the ending –ic of acid with aldehyde At the same time, the names reflect the Latin or Greek term for the
original source of the acid or aldehyde |
1 | 6494-6497 | 6 1] by replacing the ending –ic of acid with aldehyde At the same time, the names reflect the Latin or Greek term for the
original source of the acid or aldehyde The location of the substituent
in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters a, b, g, d, etc |
1 | 6495-6498 | 1] by replacing the ending –ic of acid with aldehyde At the same time, the names reflect the Latin or Greek term for the
original source of the acid or aldehyde The location of the substituent
in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters a, b, g, d, etc The
a-carbon being the one directly linked to the aldehyde group, b-
carbon the next, and so on |
1 | 6496-6499 | At the same time, the names reflect the Latin or Greek term for the
original source of the acid or aldehyde The location of the substituent
in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters a, b, g, d, etc The
a-carbon being the one directly linked to the aldehyde group, b-
carbon the next, and so on For example
8 |
1 | 6497-6500 | The location of the substituent
in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters a, b, g, d, etc The
a-carbon being the one directly linked to the aldehyde group, b-
carbon the next, and so on For example
8 1
8 |
1 | 6498-6501 | The
a-carbon being the one directly linked to the aldehyde group, b-
carbon the next, and so on For example
8 1
8 1
8 |
1 | 6499-6502 | For example
8 1
8 1
8 1
8 |
1 | 6500-6503 | 1
8 1
8 1
8 1
8 |
1 | 6501-6504 | 1
8 1
8 1
8 1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add
flavours |
1 | 6502-6505 | 1
8 1
8 1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add
flavours Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents
(i |
1 | 6503-6506 | 1
8 1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add
flavours Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents
(i e |
1 | 6504-6507 | 1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add
flavours Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents
(i e , acetone) and for preparing materials like adhesives, paints, resins,
perfumes, plastics, fabrics, etc |
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