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1 | 5705-5708 | Breathing about 900 parts of chloroform per million
parts of air (900 parts per million) for a short time can cause dizziness,
fatigue, and headache Chronic chloroform exposure may cause damage
to the liver (where chloroform is metabolised to phosgene) and to the
kidneys, and some people develop sores when the skin is immersed in
chloroform Chloroform is slowly oxidised by air in the presence of
light to an extremely poisonous gas, carbonyl chloride, also known as
phosgene It is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles
completely filled so that air is kept out |
1 | 5706-5709 | Chronic chloroform exposure may cause damage
to the liver (where chloroform is metabolised to phosgene) and to the
kidneys, and some people develop sores when the skin is immersed in
chloroform Chloroform is slowly oxidised by air in the presence of
light to an extremely poisonous gas, carbonyl chloride, also known as
phosgene It is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles
completely filled so that air is kept out It was used earlier as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are
due to the liberation of free iodine and not due to iodoform itself |
1 | 5707-5710 | Chloroform is slowly oxidised by air in the presence of
light to an extremely poisonous gas, carbonyl chloride, also known as
phosgene It is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles
completely filled so that air is kept out It was used earlier as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are
due to the liberation of free iodine and not due to iodoform itself Due
to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations
containing iodine |
1 | 5708-5711 | It is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles
completely filled so that air is kept out It was used earlier as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are
due to the liberation of free iodine and not due to iodoform itself Due
to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations
containing iodine It is produced in large quantities for use in the manufacture of
refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans |
1 | 5709-5712 | It was used earlier as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are
due to the liberation of free iodine and not due to iodoform itself Due
to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations
containing iodine It is produced in large quantities for use in the manufacture of
refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans It is also used as
feedstock in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, and general solvent use |
1 | 5710-5713 | Due
to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations
containing iodine It is produced in large quantities for use in the manufacture of
refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans It is also used as
feedstock in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, and general solvent use Until the mid
1960s, it was also widely used as a cleaning fluid, both in industry,
as a degreasing agent, and in the home, as a spot remover and as fire
extinguisher |
1 | 5711-5714 | It is produced in large quantities for use in the manufacture of
refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans It is also used as
feedstock in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, and general solvent use Until the mid
1960s, it was also widely used as a cleaning fluid, both in industry,
as a degreasing agent, and in the home, as a spot remover and as fire
extinguisher There is some evidence that exposure to carbon
tetrachloride causes liver cancer in humans |
1 | 5712-5715 | It is also used as
feedstock in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, and general solvent use Until the mid
1960s, it was also widely used as a cleaning fluid, both in industry,
as a degreasing agent, and in the home, as a spot remover and as fire
extinguisher There is some evidence that exposure to carbon
tetrachloride causes liver cancer in humans The most common effects
are dizziness, light headedness, nausea and vomiting, which can cause
permanent damage to nerve cells |
1 | 5713-5716 | Until the mid
1960s, it was also widely used as a cleaning fluid, both in industry,
as a degreasing agent, and in the home, as a spot remover and as fire
extinguisher There is some evidence that exposure to carbon
tetrachloride causes liver cancer in humans The most common effects
are dizziness, light headedness, nausea and vomiting, which can cause
permanent damage to nerve cells In severe cases, these effects can lead
rapidly to stupor, coma, unconsciousness or death |
1 | 5714-5717 | There is some evidence that exposure to carbon
tetrachloride causes liver cancer in humans The most common effects
are dizziness, light headedness, nausea and vomiting, which can cause
permanent damage to nerve cells In severe cases, these effects can lead
rapidly to stupor, coma, unconsciousness or death Exposure to CCl4
can make the heart beat irregularly or stop |
1 | 5715-5718 | The most common effects
are dizziness, light headedness, nausea and vomiting, which can cause
permanent damage to nerve cells In severe cases, these effects can lead
rapidly to stupor, coma, unconsciousness or death Exposure to CCl4
can make the heart beat irregularly or stop The chemical may irritate
the eyes on contact |
1 | 5716-5719 | In severe cases, these effects can lead
rapidly to stupor, coma, unconsciousness or death Exposure to CCl4
can make the heart beat irregularly or stop The chemical may irritate
the eyes on contact When carbon tetrachloride is released into the air,
it rises to the atmosphere and depletes the ozone layer |
1 | 5717-5720 | Exposure to CCl4
can make the heart beat irregularly or stop The chemical may irritate
the eyes on contact When carbon tetrachloride is released into the air,
it rises to the atmosphere and depletes the ozone layer Depletion of the
6 |
1 | 5718-5721 | The chemical may irritate
the eyes on contact When carbon tetrachloride is released into the air,
it rises to the atmosphere and depletes the ozone layer Depletion of the
6 8
6 |
1 | 5719-5722 | When carbon tetrachloride is released into the air,
it rises to the atmosphere and depletes the ozone layer Depletion of the
6 8
6 8
6 |
1 | 5720-5723 | Depletion of the
6 8
6 8
6 8
6 |
1 | 5721-5724 | 8
6 8
6 8
6 8
6 |
1 | 5722-5725 | 8
6 8
6 8
6 8
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
6 |
1 | 5723-5726 | 8
6 8
6 8
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
6 8 |
1 | 5724-5727 | 8
6 8
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
6 8 1
Dichloro-
methane
(Methylene
chloride)
6 |
1 | 5725-5728 | 8
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Polyhalogen
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
6 8 1
Dichloro-
methane
(Methylene
chloride)
6 8 |
1 | 5726-5729 | 8 1
Dichloro-
methane
(Methylene
chloride)
6 8 3
Triiodo-
methane
(Iodoform)
6 |
1 | 5727-5730 | 1
Dichloro-
methane
(Methylene
chloride)
6 8 3
Triiodo-
methane
(Iodoform)
6 8 |
1 | 5728-5731 | 8 3
Triiodo-
methane
(Iodoform)
6 8 4
Tetrachlo-
romethane
(Carbon
tetrachloride)
6 |
1 | 5729-5732 | 3
Triiodo-
methane
(Iodoform)
6 8 4
Tetrachlo-
romethane
(Carbon
tetrachloride)
6 8 |
1 | 5730-5733 | 8 4
Tetrachlo-
romethane
(Carbon
tetrachloride)
6 8 2
Trichloro-
methane
(Chloroform)
Rationalised 2023-24
188
Chemistry
ozone layer is believed to increase human exposure to ultraviolet rays,
leading to increased skin cancer, eye diseases and disorders, and
possible disruption of the immune system |
1 | 5731-5734 | 4
Tetrachlo-
romethane
(Carbon
tetrachloride)
6 8 2
Trichloro-
methane
(Chloroform)
Rationalised 2023-24
188
Chemistry
ozone layer is believed to increase human exposure to ultraviolet rays,
leading to increased skin cancer, eye diseases and disorders, and
possible disruption of the immune system The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively
known as freons |
1 | 5732-5735 | 8 2
Trichloro-
methane
(Chloroform)
Rationalised 2023-24
188
Chemistry
ozone layer is believed to increase human exposure to ultraviolet rays,
leading to increased skin cancer, eye diseases and disorders, and
possible disruption of the immune system The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively
known as freons They are extremely stable, unreactive, non-toxic, non-
corrosive and easily liquefiable gases |
1 | 5733-5736 | 2
Trichloro-
methane
(Chloroform)
Rationalised 2023-24
188
Chemistry
ozone layer is believed to increase human exposure to ultraviolet rays,
leading to increased skin cancer, eye diseases and disorders, and
possible disruption of the immune system The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively
known as freons They are extremely stable, unreactive, non-toxic, non-
corrosive and easily liquefiable gases Freon 12 (CCl2F2) is one of the
most common freons in industrial use |
1 | 5734-5737 | The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively
known as freons They are extremely stable, unreactive, non-toxic, non-
corrosive and easily liquefiable gases Freon 12 (CCl2F2) is one of the
most common freons in industrial use It is manufactured from
tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction |
1 | 5735-5738 | They are extremely stable, unreactive, non-toxic, non-
corrosive and easily liquefiable gases Freon 12 (CCl2F2) is one of the
most common freons in industrial use It is manufactured from
tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction These are usually produced
for aerosol propellants, refrigeration and air conditioning purposes |
1 | 5736-5739 | Freon 12 (CCl2F2) is one of the
most common freons in industrial use It is manufactured from
tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction These are usually produced
for aerosol propellants, refrigeration and air conditioning purposes By
1974, total freon production in the world was about 2 billion pounds
annually |
1 | 5737-5740 | It is manufactured from
tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction These are usually produced
for aerosol propellants, refrigeration and air conditioning purposes By
1974, total freon production in the world was about 2 billion pounds
annually Most freon, even that used in refrigeration, eventually makes
its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the
stratosphere |
1 | 5738-5741 | These are usually produced
for aerosol propellants, refrigeration and air conditioning purposes By
1974, total freon production in the world was about 2 billion pounds
annually Most freon, even that used in refrigeration, eventually makes
its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the
stratosphere In stratosphere, freon is able to initiate radical chain
reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance |
1 | 5739-5742 | By
1974, total freon production in the world was about 2 billion pounds
annually Most freon, even that used in refrigeration, eventually makes
its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the
stratosphere In stratosphere, freon is able to initiate radical chain
reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance DDT, the first chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared
in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy
Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as
an insecticide |
1 | 5740-5743 | Most freon, even that used in refrigeration, eventually makes
its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the
stratosphere In stratosphere, freon is able to initiate radical chain
reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance DDT, the first chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared
in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy
Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as
an insecticide Paul Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine
and Physiology in 1948 for this discovery |
1 | 5741-5744 | In stratosphere, freon is able to initiate radical chain
reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance DDT, the first chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared
in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy
Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as
an insecticide Paul Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine
and Physiology in 1948 for this discovery The use of DDT increased
enormously on a worldwide basis after World War II, primarily because
of its effectiveness against the mosquito that spreads malaria and lice
that carry typhus |
1 | 5742-5745 | DDT, the first chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared
in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy
Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as
an insecticide Paul Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine
and Physiology in 1948 for this discovery The use of DDT increased
enormously on a worldwide basis after World War II, primarily because
of its effectiveness against the mosquito that spreads malaria and lice
that carry typhus However, problems related to extensive use of DDT
began to appear in the late 1940s |
1 | 5743-5746 | Paul Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine
and Physiology in 1948 for this discovery The use of DDT increased
enormously on a worldwide basis after World War II, primarily because
of its effectiveness against the mosquito that spreads malaria and lice
that carry typhus However, problems related to extensive use of DDT
began to appear in the late 1940s Many species of insects developed
resistance to DDT, and it was also discovered to have a high toxicity
towards fish |
1 | 5744-5747 | The use of DDT increased
enormously on a worldwide basis after World War II, primarily because
of its effectiveness against the mosquito that spreads malaria and lice
that carry typhus However, problems related to extensive use of DDT
began to appear in the late 1940s Many species of insects developed
resistance to DDT, and it was also discovered to have a high toxicity
towards fish The chemical stability of DDT and its fat solubility
compounded the problem |
1 | 5745-5748 | However, problems related to extensive use of DDT
began to appear in the late 1940s Many species of insects developed
resistance to DDT, and it was also discovered to have a high toxicity
towards fish The chemical stability of DDT and its fat solubility
compounded the problem DDT is not metabolised very rapidly by
animals; instead, it is deposited and stored in the fatty tissues |
1 | 5746-5749 | Many species of insects developed
resistance to DDT, and it was also discovered to have a high toxicity
towards fish The chemical stability of DDT and its fat solubility
compounded the problem DDT is not metabolised very rapidly by
animals; instead, it is deposited and stored in the fatty tissues If
ingestion continues at a steady rate, DDT builds up within the animal
over time |
1 | 5747-5750 | The chemical stability of DDT and its fat solubility
compounded the problem DDT is not metabolised very rapidly by
animals; instead, it is deposited and stored in the fatty tissues If
ingestion continues at a steady rate, DDT builds up within the animal
over time The use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1973,
although it is still in use in some other parts of the world |
1 | 5748-5751 | DDT is not metabolised very rapidly by
animals; instead, it is deposited and stored in the fatty tissues If
ingestion continues at a steady rate, DDT builds up within the animal
over time The use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1973,
although it is still in use in some other parts of the world 6 |
1 | 5749-5752 | If
ingestion continues at a steady rate, DDT builds up within the animal
over time The use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1973,
although it is still in use in some other parts of the world 6 8 |
1 | 5750-5753 | The use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1973,
although it is still in use in some other parts of the world 6 8 5 Freons
6 |
1 | 5751-5754 | 6 8 5 Freons
6 8 |
1 | 5752-5755 | 8 5 Freons
6 8 6
p,p’-Dichlo-
rodiphenyl-
trichloro-
ethane(DDT)
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Alkyl/ Aryl halides may be classified as mono, di, or polyhalogen (tri-, tetra-, etc |
1 | 5753-5756 | 5 Freons
6 8 6
p,p’-Dichlo-
rodiphenyl-
trichloro-
ethane(DDT)
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Alkyl/ Aryl halides may be classified as mono, di, or polyhalogen (tri-, tetra-, etc )
compounds depending on whether they contain one, two or more halogen atoms in
their structures |
1 | 5754-5757 | 8 6
p,p’-Dichlo-
rodiphenyl-
trichloro-
ethane(DDT)
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Alkyl/ Aryl halides may be classified as mono, di, or polyhalogen (tri-, tetra-, etc )
compounds depending on whether they contain one, two or more halogen atoms in
their structures Since halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-
halogen bond of alkyl halide is polarised; the carbon atom bears a partial positive
charge, and the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge |
1 | 5755-5758 | 6
p,p’-Dichlo-
rodiphenyl-
trichloro-
ethane(DDT)
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Alkyl/ Aryl halides may be classified as mono, di, or polyhalogen (tri-, tetra-, etc )
compounds depending on whether they contain one, two or more halogen atoms in
their structures Since halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-
halogen bond of alkyl halide is polarised; the carbon atom bears a partial positive
charge, and the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge Alkyl halides are prepared by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, addition
of halogen acids to alkenes, replacement of –OH group of alcohols with halogens using
Rationalised 2023-24
189 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
phosphorus halides, thionyl chloride or halogen acids |
1 | 5756-5759 | )
compounds depending on whether they contain one, two or more halogen atoms in
their structures Since halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-
halogen bond of alkyl halide is polarised; the carbon atom bears a partial positive
charge, and the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge Alkyl halides are prepared by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, addition
of halogen acids to alkenes, replacement of –OH group of alcohols with halogens using
Rationalised 2023-24
189 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
phosphorus halides, thionyl chloride or halogen acids Aryl halides are prepared by
electrophilic substitution to arenes |
1 | 5757-5760 | Since halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-
halogen bond of alkyl halide is polarised; the carbon atom bears a partial positive
charge, and the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge Alkyl halides are prepared by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, addition
of halogen acids to alkenes, replacement of –OH group of alcohols with halogens using
Rationalised 2023-24
189 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
phosphorus halides, thionyl chloride or halogen acids Aryl halides are prepared by
electrophilic substitution to arenes Fluorides and iodides are best prepared by halogen
exchange method |
1 | 5758-5761 | Alkyl halides are prepared by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, addition
of halogen acids to alkenes, replacement of –OH group of alcohols with halogens using
Rationalised 2023-24
189 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
phosphorus halides, thionyl chloride or halogen acids Aryl halides are prepared by
electrophilic substitution to arenes Fluorides and iodides are best prepared by halogen
exchange method The boiling points of organohalogen compounds are comparatively higher than the
corresponding hydrocarbons because of strong dipole-dipole and van der Waals forces
of attraction |
1 | 5759-5762 | Aryl halides are prepared by
electrophilic substitution to arenes Fluorides and iodides are best prepared by halogen
exchange method The boiling points of organohalogen compounds are comparatively higher than the
corresponding hydrocarbons because of strong dipole-dipole and van der Waals forces
of attraction These are slightly soluble in water but completely soluble in organic
solvents |
1 | 5760-5763 | Fluorides and iodides are best prepared by halogen
exchange method The boiling points of organohalogen compounds are comparatively higher than the
corresponding hydrocarbons because of strong dipole-dipole and van der Waals forces
of attraction These are slightly soluble in water but completely soluble in organic
solvents The polarity of carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides is responsible for their
nucleophilic substitution, elimination and their reaction with metal atoms to form
organometallic compounds |
1 | 5761-5764 | The boiling points of organohalogen compounds are comparatively higher than the
corresponding hydrocarbons because of strong dipole-dipole and van der Waals forces
of attraction These are slightly soluble in water but completely soluble in organic
solvents The polarity of carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides is responsible for their
nucleophilic substitution, elimination and their reaction with metal atoms to form
organometallic compounds Nucleophilic substitution reactions are categorised into
SN1 and SN2 on the basis of their kinetic properties |
1 | 5762-5765 | These are slightly soluble in water but completely soluble in organic
solvents The polarity of carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides is responsible for their
nucleophilic substitution, elimination and their reaction with metal atoms to form
organometallic compounds Nucleophilic substitution reactions are categorised into
SN1 and SN2 on the basis of their kinetic properties Chirality has a profound role in
understanding the reaction mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions |
1 | 5763-5766 | The polarity of carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides is responsible for their
nucleophilic substitution, elimination and their reaction with metal atoms to form
organometallic compounds Nucleophilic substitution reactions are categorised into
SN1 and SN2 on the basis of their kinetic properties Chirality has a profound role in
understanding the reaction mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions SN2 reactions of
chiral alkyl halides are characterised by the inversion of configuration while SN1 reactions
are characterised by racemisation |
1 | 5764-5767 | Nucleophilic substitution reactions are categorised into
SN1 and SN2 on the basis of their kinetic properties Chirality has a profound role in
understanding the reaction mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions SN2 reactions of
chiral alkyl halides are characterised by the inversion of configuration while SN1 reactions
are characterised by racemisation A number of polyhalogen compounds e |
1 | 5765-5768 | Chirality has a profound role in
understanding the reaction mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions SN2 reactions of
chiral alkyl halides are characterised by the inversion of configuration while SN1 reactions
are characterised by racemisation A number of polyhalogen compounds e g |
1 | 5766-5769 | SN2 reactions of
chiral alkyl halides are characterised by the inversion of configuration while SN1 reactions
are characterised by racemisation A number of polyhalogen compounds e g , dichloromethane, chloroform, iodoform,
carbon tetrachloride, freon and DDT have many industrial applications |
1 | 5767-5770 | A number of polyhalogen compounds e g , dichloromethane, chloroform, iodoform,
carbon tetrachloride, freon and DDT have many industrial applications However,
some of these compounds cannot be easily decomposed and even cause depletion of
ozone layer and are proving environmental hazards |
1 | 5768-5771 | g , dichloromethane, chloroform, iodoform,
carbon tetrachloride, freon and DDT have many industrial applications However,
some of these compounds cannot be easily decomposed and even cause depletion of
ozone layer and are proving environmental hazards 6 |
1 | 5769-5772 | , dichloromethane, chloroform, iodoform,
carbon tetrachloride, freon and DDT have many industrial applications However,
some of these compounds cannot be easily decomposed and even cause depletion of
ozone layer and are proving environmental hazards 6 1
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as
alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
6 |
1 | 5770-5773 | However,
some of these compounds cannot be easily decomposed and even cause depletion of
ozone layer and are proving environmental hazards 6 1
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as
alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
6 2
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
(ii) CHF2CBrClF
(iii) ClCH2CºCCH2Br
(iv) (CCl3)3CCl
(v) CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
6 |
1 | 5771-5774 | 6 1
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as
alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
6 2
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
(ii) CHF2CBrClF
(iii) ClCH2CºCCH2Br
(iv) (CCl3)3CCl
(v) CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
6 3
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds |
1 | 5772-5775 | 1
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as
alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
6 2
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
(ii) CHF2CBrClF
(iii) ClCH2CºCCH2Br
(iv) (CCl3)3CCl
(v) CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
6 3
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
(iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
(v) 2-Bromobutane
(vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
(viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
6 |
1 | 5773-5776 | 2
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
(ii) CHF2CBrClF
(iii) ClCH2CºCCH2Br
(iv) (CCl3)3CCl
(v) CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
6 3
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
(iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
(v) 2-Bromobutane
(vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
(viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
6 4
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment |
1 | 5774-5777 | 3
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
(iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
(v) 2-Bromobutane
(vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
(viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
6 4
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3
(iii) CCl4
6 |
1 | 5775-5778 | (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
(iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
(v) 2-Bromobutane
(vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
(viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
6 4
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3
(iii) CCl4
6 5
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single
monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight |
1 | 5776-5779 | 4
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3
(iii) CCl4
6 5
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single
monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight Identify the hydrocarbon |
1 | 5777-5780 | (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3
(iii) CCl4
6 5
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single
monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight Identify the hydrocarbon 6 |
1 | 5778-5781 | 5
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single
monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight Identify the hydrocarbon 6 6
Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br |
1 | 5779-5782 | Identify the hydrocarbon 6 6
Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br 6 |
1 | 5780-5783 | 6 6
Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br 6 7
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
(i) 1-butanol
(ii) 1-chlorobutane
(iii) but-1-ene |
1 | 5781-5784 | 6
Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br 6 7
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
(i) 1-butanol
(ii) 1-chlorobutane
(iii) but-1-ene 6 |
1 | 5782-5785 | 6 7
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
(i) 1-butanol
(ii) 1-chlorobutane
(iii) but-1-ene 6 8
What are ambident nucleophiles |
1 | 5783-5786 | 7
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
(i) 1-butanol
(ii) 1-chlorobutane
(iii) but-1-ene 6 8
What are ambident nucleophiles Explain with an example |
1 | 5784-5787 | 6 8
What are ambident nucleophiles Explain with an example Exercises
Rationalised 2023-24
190
Chemistry
6 |
1 | 5785-5788 | 8
What are ambident nucleophiles Explain with an example Exercises
Rationalised 2023-24
190
Chemistry
6 9
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction
with –OH |
1 | 5786-5789 | Explain with an example Exercises
Rationalised 2023-24
190
Chemistry
6 9
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction
with –OH (i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
6 |
1 | 5787-5790 | Exercises
Rationalised 2023-24
190
Chemistry
6 9
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction
with –OH (i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
6 10
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the
following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane |
1 | 5788-5791 | 9
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction
with –OH (i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
6 10
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the
following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane 6 |
1 | 5789-5792 | (i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
6 10
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the
following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane 6 11
How will you bring about the following conversions |
1 | 5790-5793 | 10
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the
following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane 6 11
How will you bring about the following conversions (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(ii) Ethane to bromoethene
(iii) Propene to
1-nitropropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Propene to propyne
(vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
(vii) Bromomethane to propanone
(viii) But-1-ene
to but-2-ene
(ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
(x) Benzene to biphenyl |
1 | 5791-5794 | 6 11
How will you bring about the following conversions (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(ii) Ethane to bromoethene
(iii) Propene to
1-nitropropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Propene to propyne
(vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
(vii) Bromomethane to propanone
(viii) But-1-ene
to but-2-ene
(ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
(x) Benzene to biphenyl 6 |
1 | 5792-5795 | 11
How will you bring about the following conversions (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(ii) Ethane to bromoethene
(iii) Propene to
1-nitropropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Propene to propyne
(vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
(vii) Bromomethane to propanone
(viii) But-1-ene
to but-2-ene
(ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
(x) Benzene to biphenyl 6 12
Explain why
(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride |
1 | 5793-5796 | (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(ii) Ethane to bromoethene
(iii) Propene to
1-nitropropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Propene to propyne
(vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
(vii) Bromomethane to propanone
(viii) But-1-ene
to but-2-ene
(ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
(x) Benzene to biphenyl 6 12
Explain why
(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water |
1 | 5794-5797 | 6 12
Explain why
(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions |
1 | 5795-5798 | 12
Explain why
(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions 6 |
1 | 5796-5799 | (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions 6 13
Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform |
1 | 5797-5800 | (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions 6 13
Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform 6 |
1 | 5798-5801 | 6 13
Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform 6 14
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(i) CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI
(ii) (CH3)3CBr + KOH
(iii) CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH
(iv) CH3CH2Br + KCN
(v) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
(vi) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
(vii) CH3CH2CH = CH2 + HBr
(viii) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr
6 |
1 | 5799-5802 | 13
Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform 6 14
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(i) CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI
(ii) (CH3)3CBr + KOH
(iii) CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH
(iv) CH3CH2Br + KCN
(v) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
(vi) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
(vii) CH3CH2CH = CH2 + HBr
(viii) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr
6 15
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
6 |
1 | 5800-5803 | 6 14
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(i) CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI
(ii) (CH3)3CBr + KOH
(iii) CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH
(iv) CH3CH2Br + KCN
(v) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
(vi) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
(vii) CH3CH2CH = CH2 + HBr
(viii) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr
6 15
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
6 16
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2
displacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane |
1 | 5801-5804 | 14
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(i) CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI
(ii) (CH3)3CBr + KOH
(iii) CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH
(iv) CH3CH2Br + KCN
(v) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
(vi) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
(vii) CH3CH2CH = CH2 + HBr
(viii) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr
6 15
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
6 16
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2
displacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane 6 |
1 | 5802-5805 | 15
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
6 16
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2
displacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane 6 17
Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous
KOH |
1 | 5803-5806 | 16
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2
displacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane 6 17
Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous
KOH 6 |
1 | 5804-5807 | 6 17
Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous
KOH 6 18
p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m |
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