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Q: Relative vs absolute orientation when triangulating a stereopair Given the extrinsic (including center of projection) and intrinsic parameters of a stereo pair, and enough correspondences (say 10-11), is it possible to triangulate the exact 3D position of the correspondences? Some websites say it is only possible to determine the relative orientation of the without control points. These websites say it is a relative triangulation -- correct up to a similarity transform. But that doesn't make sense if you know where the cameras are located in world reference frame. What is the correct answer? And is this related to projective ambiguity at all? These terms seem related. A: If you know the intrinsics of both cameras and the rotation and translation between them, then you can certainly triangulate the 3D positions of the correspondences in world units. How exact those positions are depends on the resolution of your cameras, the accuracy of the camera parameters, and the accuracy of the correspondences. If you don't know the rotation and translation between the two cameras, then you get an up-to-scale reconstruction. If you also don't know the intrinsics, then you get projective ambiguity. | Mid | [
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$NetBSD: distinfo,v 1.18 2015/11/03 03:29:04 agc Exp $ SHA1 (pth-2.0.7.tar.gz) = 9a71915c89ff2414de69fe104ae1016d513afeee RMD160 (pth-2.0.7.tar.gz) = 80bc66777ba20d9648b7aaf3f58d593be6416910 SHA512 (pth-2.0.7.tar.gz) = f79d74047c50e06f3198356f88647c5c1c8a04ebdd94641fc31d5ab0fd2750d86615fcb81da2f98d7ea73d012a501195d3fa09060571d18dcfdaec5d7a0ecb12 Size (pth-2.0.7.tar.gz) = 652640 bytes SHA1 (patch-ab) = 8495e25d31dadc9f0b56e48950eecf3e895a9f30 SHA1 (patch-ac) = d3683f603c3e4f1826b55967639823b3295d1fb7 SHA1 (patch-ad) = ddabeeff5bab8b580904861ea5437ed8f24f3965 SHA1 (patch-ae) = 97e9546ce894a100b889dfacbd19e6c1cc1de87f SHA1 (patch-af) = 13aba228b9e8d8bedeac4018073c4fa5b3652caf SHA1 (patch-ag) = 66ba441a4efc85af4ef498d846d7ebc1115f3dcc SHA1 (patch-aj) = f155cac115446efce191b859d92900d1ea3bc44b | Mid | [
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Pharmacokinetics of anticholinergic drugs and brain muscarinic receptor alterations in streptozotocin diabetic rats. We studied the effects of experimental diabetes on the pharmacokinetics of biperiden (BP) and scopolamine (SP) and brain muscarinic receptor alterations in rats after the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg kg-1 i.v.). The serum levels of BP and SP differed significantly between the rats 14 weeks after the STZ treatment and age-matched control rats. The values of total body clearance (CLtot) of BP and SP were significantly increased by STZ treatment. The values of volume of distribution (Vdss) of SP were slightly increased in the STZ-treated rats, although Vdss of BP was decreased. Because of the high lipophilicity of BP, Vdss of BP may be decreased due to the reduced fat tissue volume caused by STZ treatment. The density of the muscarinic receptors in whole brain was measured by a radioligand receptor binding assay using [3H]-quinuclidinyl-benzylate ([3H]-QNB). The density in the diabetic rats two weeks after the STZ treatment was significantly decreased compared to age-matched control rats. However in the diabetic rats 14 weeks after the STZ treatment, there was no difference in the density of muscarinic receptors. The IC50 of muscarinic antagonist for the binding of [3H]-QNB to the receptor did not change on STZ treatment. Modulation of the receptor following repeated anticholinergic drug exposure was studied. In control rats, the number of muscarinic receptors in the brain increased by 6.9% on chronic treatment with BP for two weeks. When diabetic rats were treated with BP and SP, the number of muscarinic receptors in the brain increased by 9.6% and 33.8%, respectively. | High | [
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Journalists and reporters employed by the media in the People's Republic of China are said to number about 250,000. The Chinese government recently announced that in order to keep their accreditation they would be expected to undertake 18 or more hours of study and then undergo an examination. The title of the course is "Reporting with View toward Marxism." Weekly Playboy (Nov 4) reports that in 2009, after incidents of unauthorized reporters and others claiming to be journalists became problematic, the Chinese government clamped down and began issuing official identification cards for journalists, who were obliged to undergo a qualification test to obtain one. The cards were valid for five years, upon which they could be automatically renewed upon application. However, Weekly Playboy reports, when the cards come up for renewal in February 2014, this time the government is raising the barrier. "In May of this year, a demonstration with 10,000 participants took place in Beijing, protesting the gang rape of a 22-year-old woman from Anhui Province," explains author-journalist Daisuke Kondo. "The security agency attempted to pass it off as a suicide. Infuriated people from Anhui living in Beijing rioted. The real reason for the troubles was the widening gap between the rich and poor. People from poor provinces like Anhui are particularly dissatisfied with the system under leader Xi Jinping. I think the new guidelines are aimed at muzzling the media from negative reporting." But what's keeping journalists from raising a ruckus over the government's heavy-handed attempt to muzzle them? Kondo suggests the reason is probably money, as it seems journalism in China can be an "unexpectedly profitable occupation." "With the exception of the reporters at Xinhua and CCTV, which are basically government mouthpieces, ordinary news reporters virtually never approach the government," he says. "The majority write about auto manufacturers and so on, and receive monetary gifts from the companies they report about." "So although their regular monthly wages are in the neighborhood of 80,000 Japanese yen, some reporters make enough money on the side to build homes worth 100 million yen," Kondo adds. Weekly Playboy was apparently in such a rush to scoop this story it missed out on the best part --- at least as far as Japan is concerned. That must be left to the Sankei Shimbun (Oct 20). It seems that among the information that Chinese journalists will be expected to follow Chinese government guidelines related to reporting about Japan, for which they are henceforth expected to assume a critical stance. Likewise for reportage about the U.S., which is "bent on undermining China." Among the sticking points regarding Japan that the scribes are expected to touch on are criticism of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's "right-leaning" administration. Nonetheless, terms like "kaisen" (outbreak of war) are to be eschewed as being overly inflammatory. And within China, voices calling for freedom of the press or rule of law are also to be criticized. After all, according to the powers that be, those who raise such issues as basic human rights or democracy are actually "bent on attacking the teachings of China's Communist Party." The examinations will be administered by the end of this year. Journalists receiving a failing grade will be obliged to retake the test. © Japan Today | Mid | [
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Q: Querying DB2 every 15 seconds causing memory leak in NodeJS I have an application which checks for new entries in DB2 every 15 seconds on the iSeries using IBM's idb-connector. I have async functions which return the result of the query to socket.io which emits an event with the data included to the front end. I've narrowed down the memory leak to the async functions. I've read multiple articles on common memory leak causes and how to diagnose them. MDN: memory management Rising Stack: garbage collection explained Marmelab: Finding And Fixing Node.js Memory Leaks: A Practical Guide But I'm still not seeing where the problem is. Also, I'm unable to get permission to install node-gyp on the system which means most memory management tools are off limits as memwatch, heapdump and the like need node-gyp to install. Here's an example of what the functions basic structure is. const { dbconn, dbstmt } = require('idb-connector');// require idb-connector async function queryDB() { const sSql = `SELECT * FROM LIBNAME.TABLE LIMIT 500`; // create new promise let promise = new Promise ( function(resolve, reject) { // create new connection const connection = new dbconn(); connection.conn("*LOCAL"); const statement = new dbstmt(connection); statement.exec(sSql, (rows, err) => { if (err) { throw err; } let ticks = rows; statement.close(); connection.disconn(); connection.close(); resolve(ticks.length);// resolve promise with varying data }) }); let result = await promise;// await promise return result; }; async function getNewData() { const data = await queryDB();// get new data io.emit('newData', data)// push to front end setTimeout(getNewData, 2000);// check again in 2 seconds }; Any ideas on where the leak is? Am i using async/await incorrectly? Or else am i creating/destroying DB connections improperly? Any help on figuring out why this code is leaky would be much appreciated!! Edit: Forgot to mention that i have limited control on the backend processes as they are handled by another team. I'm only retrieving the data they populate the DB with and adding it to a web page. Edit 2: I think I've narrowed it down to the DB connections not being cleaned up properly. But, as far as i can tell I've followed the instructions suggested on their github repo. A: This was confirmed to be a memory leak in the idb-connector library that i was using. Link to github issue Here. Basically there was a C++ array that never had it's memory deallocated. A new version was added and the commit can viewed Here. | Mid | [
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#pragma once #include "data_types.h" #include <catboost/libs/helpers/vector_helpers.h> #include <catboost/private/libs/algo/tensor_search_helpers.h> #include <library/cpp/par/par.h> #include <library/cpp/par/par_util.h> #include <util/ysafeptr.h> namespace NCatboostDistributed { class TDatasetLoader: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TDatasetLoaderParams, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TDatasetLoader); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* params, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TPlainFoldBuilder: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TPlainFoldBuilderParams, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TPlainFoldBuilder); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* params, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TApproxReconstructor : public NPar::TMapReduceCmd< std::pair<TVector<TVariant<TSplitTree, TNonSymmetricTreeStructure>>, TVector<TVector<TVector<double>>>>, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TApproxReconstructor); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* forest, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TTensorSearchStarter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TTensorSearchStarter); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* /*ctx*/, int /*hostId*/, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TBootstrapMaker: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TBootstrapMaker); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TDerivativesStDevFromZeroCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, double> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TDerivativesStDevFromZeroCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; // [cand][subcand] class TScoreCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TCandidateList, TStats5D> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TScoreCalcer); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* candidateList, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; }; // [cand][subcand] class TPairwiseScoreCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TCandidateList, TWorkerPairwiseStats> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TPairwiseScoreCalcer); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* candidateList, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; }; // [cand] class TRemotePairwiseBinCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TCandidatesInfoList, TVector<TPairwiseStats>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TRemotePairwiseBinCalcer); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* subcandidates, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* statsFromAllWorkers, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; }; class TRemotePairwiseScoreCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TPairwiseStats>, TVector<TVector<double>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TRemotePairwiseScoreCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* bucketStats, TOutput* scores) const final; }; class TRemoteBinCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TCandidatesInfoList, TStats4D> { // [subcand] OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TRemoteBinCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* candidatesInfoList, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* statsFromAllWorkers, TOutput* bucketStats) const final; }; class TRemoteScoreCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TStats4D, TVector<TVector<double>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TRemoteScoreCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* bucketStats, TOutput* scores) const final; }; class TLeafIndexSetter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TSplit, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TLeafIndexSetter); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* bestSplit, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TEmptyLeafFinder: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TIsLeafEmpty> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TEmptyLeafFinder); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* /*ctx*/, int /*hostId*/, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* isLeafEmpty) const final; }; class TBucketSimpleUpdater: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, std::pair<TSums, TArray2D<double>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TBucketSimpleUpdater); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* /*ctx*/, int /*hostId*/, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* sums) const final; }; class TCalcApproxStarter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVariant<TSplitTree, TNonSymmetricTreeStructure>, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TCalcApproxStarter); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* splitTree, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TDeltaSimpleUpdater: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TVector<double>>, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TDeltaSimpleUpdater); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* sums, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TApproxUpdater: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TVector<double>>, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TApproxUpdater); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* averageLeafValues, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TDerivativeSetter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TDerivativeSetter); void DoMap( NPar::IUserContext* /*ctx*/, int /*hostId*/, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TBucketMultiUpdater: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd< TUnusedInitializedParam, std::pair<TMultiSums, TUnusedInitializedParam>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TBucketMultiUpdater); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* /*ctx*/, int /*hostId*/, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* sums) const final; }; class TDeltaMultiUpdater: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TVector<double>>, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TDeltaMultiUpdater); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* leafValues, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TErrorCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<bool, THashMap<TString, TMetricHolder>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TErrorCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* useAveragingFold, TOutput* additiveStats) const final; }; class TArmijoStartPointBackupper: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<bool, TUnusedInitializedParam> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TArmijoStartPointBackupper); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* isRestore, TOutput* /*unused*/) const final; }; class TLeafWeightsGetter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TVector<double>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TLeafWeightsGetter); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* /*unused*/, TOutput* leafWeights) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* leafWeightsFromWorkers, TOutput* totalLeafWeights) const final; }; class TQuantileExactApproxStarter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TUnusedInitializedParam, TVector<TVector<TMinMax<double>>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TQuantileExactApproxStarter); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* leafCount, TOutput* minMaxDiffs) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* minMaxDiffsFromWorkers, TOutput* reducedMinMaxDiffs) const final; }; class TQuantileArraySplitter: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TVector<double>>, TVector<TVector<double>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TQuantileArraySplitter); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* pivots, TOutput* leftSumWeights) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* leftRightWeightsFromWorkers, TOutput* totalLeftSumWeights) const final; }; class TQuantileEqualWeightsCalcer: public NPar::TMapReduceCmd<TVector<TVector<double>>, TVector<TVector<double>>> { OBJECT_NOCOPY_METHODS(TQuantileEqualWeightsCalcer); void DoMap(NPar::IUserContext* ctx, int hostId, TInput* pivots, TOutput* equalSumWeights) const final; void DoReduce(TVector<TOutput>* equalSumWeightsFromWorkers, TOutput* totalEqualSumWeights) const final; }; } // NCatboostDistributed | Mid | [
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Efficient oxygen reduction by nanocomposites of heterometallic carbide and nitrogen-enriched carbon derived from the cobalt-encapsulated indium-MOF. By one-step pyrolysis of an indium-MOF with entrapped cobalt dimers in the presence of melamine, heterometallic carbide nanoparticles (Co3InC0.75) embedded in nitrogen-enriched carbon have been prepared and found to exhibit efficient electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction with high durability and methanol-tolerance properties. | High | [
0.6567164179104471,
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Q: Converting 16-bit integer to 32-bit floating-point I am trying to port a portion of a code written in a different language (an obscure one called Igor Pro by Wavemetrics for those of you have heard of it) to Python. In this code, there is a conversion of a data type from a 16-bit integer (read in from a 16-bit, big endian binary file) to single-precision (32-bit) floating-point. In this program, the conversion is as follows: Signed 16-bit integer: print tmp tmp[0]={-24160,18597,-24160,18597,-24160} converted to 32-bit floating-point: Redimension/S/E=1 tmp print tmp tmp[0]={339213,339213,5.79801e-41,0,0} The /S flag/option indicates that the data type of tmp should be float32 instead of int16. However, I believe the important flag/option is /E=1, which is said to "Force reshape without converting or moving data." In Python, the conversion is as follows: >>> tmp[:5] array([-24160, 18597, -24160, 18597, -24160], dtype=int16) >>> tmp.astype('float32') array([-24160., 18597., -24160., ..., 18597., -24160., 18597.], dtype=float32) Which is what I expect, but I need to find a function/operation that emulates the /E=1 option in the original code above. Is there an obvious way in which -24160 and 18597 would both be converted to 339213? Does this have anything to do with byteswap or newbyteorder or something else? A: import numpy tmp=numpy.array([-24160,18597,-24160,18597,-24160, 0], numpy.int16) tmp.dtype = numpy.float32 print tmp Result: [ 3.39213000e+05 3.39213000e+05 5.79801253e-41] I had to add a zero to the list of value because there are an odd number of values. It cannot interpret those as 32 bit floats since there 5 16 bit values. | Mid | [
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Tall task: Junior looking to join ‘The King’ in elite category Dale Earnhardt Jr. is off to the best start of his career, but the third-generation driver is keeping his early season success in perspective. So far this season, Earnhardt has won the Daytona 500 and finished second at Phoenix and Las Vegas. If he can have similar results in Sunday’s Food City 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway — one of his favorite tracks — Earnhardt will tie NASCAR Hall of Fame member Richard Petty as the only drivers to finish first or second in the first four Sprint Cup Series races of a given season. "Any time you’ve done anything that Richard has done and you put yourself in the conversation with him to do with any statistic, it’s a pretty awesome accomplishment because of everything that he has ever done, winning as many races as he has and running as many races as he has," Earnhardt said Friday morning prior to practice at the 0.533-mile Tennessee track. "He’s been such a fixture in the sport still today. Yeah, that would be awesome." "This place here isn’t going to hand you any favors or give you an inch," Earnhardt said. "So you’re going to have to work hard to get — whatever you take out of here, you’re going to have to earn it." Still, Earnhardt is red hot right now. He has posted a career-best eight consecutive top-10 finishes, has led the Sprint Cup points standings for all three weeks of the 2014 season and his three consecutive top-five finishes have him off to the best start he’s ever had in NASCAR’s top division. While Earnhardt said he’s obviously pleased with the success that he and the No. 88 Hendrick Motorsports team have had so far in 2014, he’s a realist. At Las Vegas last week, Earnhardt likely would have finished in the bottom half of the top 10 had he not gambled late in the race on track position by not pitting during the final caution flag of the race. "We’re not going to be able to turn an eighth or a fifth-place run into a second or third or first-place run every week," said Earnhardt, who was 14th in Friday’s lone practice round at Bristol. "We’ve got to keep in perspective what happened last week. We weren’t by any means running with Brad (Keselowski, race winner) and those guys up front and battling for the lead at any point in the day. "So we definitely can look at that and be excited that we had a chance to win. But also we need to focus more on how we get better so we’re running up front regardless of the strategy we’re running and the fuel strategy we use." Asked if his enormous popularity could help elevate the sport, Earnhardt said he didn’t think so. "To get asked about it really makes me uncomfortable because there are so many other drivers — there’s guys like Jimmie (Johnson) who have done so much and accomplished much more than I have," said Earnhardt. "And they do a lot to elevate the sport. They do a lot of things that carry the sport as well or better than I do. It’s just very uncomfortable because I don’t have the accolades and the hardware that a lot of these guys have, like a championship and things like that." That said, Earnhardt does enjoy his fans. "I’m comfortable with the popularity and things like that because I feel like that we do a lot and we have a great fan base and we do a lot to engage with them," he said. "But carrying the sport is a whole other conversation or being the face of the sport is a whole other conversation. It’s a very uncomfortable position to be put in. I don’t think it’s realistic. All the drivers have a role in that and they are actively doing that." | Mid | [
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Field of the Invention The present Invention relates to a sapphire substrate for a nitride semiconductor light emitting element and a method for manufacturing the same and a nitride semiconductor light emitting element. Description of Related Art Generally, a light emitting diode (LED) made of a nitride semiconductor is constituted by laminating on a sapphire substrate an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer in this order. Light generated in this light emitting diode at the active layer is extracted from a side opposite to the sapphire substrate or from the sapphire substrate side, while the generated light is also radiated to a direction opposite to a light exiting side. Therefore, it is necessary to improve external quantum efficiency by allowing light radiated to a direction opposite to the light exiting side to be extracted effectively from the light exiting side. Therefore, JP 2008-177528A, for example, discloses that an external quantum efficiency of a semiconductor light emitting element is improved by arranging a plurality of projections having truncated triangular pyramidal-shape on a sapphire substrate. It also describes that the generation of voids and the deterioration of crystallinity can be suppressed by growing a nitride semiconductor crystalline on a surface on which truncated triangular pyramidal-shaped projections are formed. However, with an increase in an output of light emitting diodes, it has been found as a result of the present inventors' studies that problems due to crystal defects become apparent, which were not recognized in the previous light emitting diodes. In addition, further improvements are desired in a light extraction efficiency of light emitting diodes. Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a sapphire substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, which enables growth of a nitride semiconductor having excellent crystallinity and can provide a nitride semiconductor light emitting element having excellent light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a nitride light emitting element which comprises a nitride semiconductor having excellent crystallinity and light extraction efficiency. | Mid | [
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Strict diets are a huge part of any athlete's training — they may consume an astronomical amount of calories on a daily basis, but gold medalists don't tend to put away milkshakes and potato chips. When your performance relies on your body being in perfect physical condition, every calorie counts. But, if the number of vegan Olympic athletes is anything to go by, it's possible to succeed without ever touching the grilled chicken many of their competitors favor. At first, "vegan athlete" might seem like a contradiction. It's no secret that the vegan diet has become something of a trend; over the last few years, dozens of public figures have proclaimed their love for the meat- and dairy-free life. Furthermore, athletes usually adhere to high-calorie, high-protein diets, which can be hard to achieve without animal products. However, some athletes have been vegan since long before Beyonce and Jay-Z, and it's totally possible to get all the protein they need from a plant-based diet. Even a few professional football players have tried out vegan diets in the past, with varying degrees of success. Eating healthily without animal products does take more planning, especially with the nutritional needs of professional athletes, but here are seven vegan Olympians who are making it work. 1. Carl Lewis Ed Mulholland/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images Perhaps the most famous vegan athlete is American track and field star Carl Lewis. Over the course of four Olympic games, he won nine gold medals and is widely considered to be one of the greatest track athletes in the world. He also credits some of his success to his vegetarian diet, which is often vegan as well. "I changed my diet to vegan diet. ... I set all my personal bests at 30 years old as a vegetarian," he said in an interview with Oprah. 2. Alexey Voevoda Adam Pretty/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images Russian bobsledder (and professional armwrestler) Voevoda has competed in three Olympics, winning two gold medals in the Sochi games. "At first, I approached [going vegan] from a scientific standpoint. However, I then came to have some ethical views about this diet. I love happy, living animals!" he told PETA UK in 2014. 3. Ronda Rousey PAUL CROCK/AFP/Getty Images Ronda Rousey may be known primarily as a mixed martial arts fighter now, but she won bronze for judo in the 2008 Bejing Olympics, becoming the first American woman to medal in the sport. After her Olympic win, she briefly became vegan. "As of right now I am a vegan. I put that off until after I was done with this tournament," she told The Washington Post. In 2013, she tweeted that she was "not really vegan mostly dairy/gluten free." 4. Murray Rose Australian swimmer Murray Rose won four gold medals; many believe he would have won more if he hadn't been controversially banned from the 1964 Tokyo Olympics for missing the Australian Championships earlier that year. As The New York Times wrote when he passed away in 2012, "Rose was a vegan at a time when shunning meat and fish was decidedly an oddity. His diet included sunflower seeds, sesame, unpolished rice, dates, cashew nuts and carrot juice." According to The Chicago Sun-Times, his diet earned him the nickname "The Seaweed Streak." 5. Cam Awesome KEVIN VAN PAASSEN/AFP/Getty Images Cam Awesome is currently representing the U.S. in boxing at the Rio Olympics. According to his Team USA bio, the boxer is a "proud vegan and advocate for that lifestyle." 6. Venus Williams LUIS ACOSTA/AFP/Getty Images Internationally famous tennis pro Venus Williams has won four Olympic gold medals in the past and is in the running for more at this year's games. According to her website, she started a vegan, raw-food diet after being diagnosed with Sjögrens Syndrome. Since then, she refers to herself as a "cheagan," or "cheating vegan." "I think it's pretty well known. ... I'm not perfect, but I try," she said in 2013. 7. Meagan Duhamel GEOFF ROBINS/AFP/Getty Images Along with partner Eric Radford, Canadian figure skater Meagan Duhamel won silver in the Sochi Olympics. She attributes much of her health to being vegan, which she chose to do after reading a book advocating the diet. "I thought I was just going to do it until the (2010) Olympics, but then I didn't go to the Olympics, and then I ended up liking it so much, I think I'll be a vegan for the rest of my life," she told Huffington Post Canada. Image: Wikimedia Commons | High | [
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Conference report: Bio-International 2005. This is a summary report of the International Pharmaceutical Federation/Board of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FIP/BPS) international conference, Bio-International 2005, which was held October 24-26, 2005 at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, in London, UK. Bioequivalence (BE) issues related to multisource locally delivered topical dosage forms, oral inhalation drug products, highly variable drug products (HVDP), and endogenously occurring drugs were discussed. The conference also focused on alternate approaches to assess BE for some of these drug products. Pharmacokinetic (PK) approaches like, dermatopharmacokinetics (DPK) for dermatological topical dosage forms, scaled average BE (s-ABE) where within-subject variability is considered for estimation of 90% confidence intervals to document BE for highly variable drugs (HVD) were recommended. In addition, issues and difficulties related to the BE assessment of oral inhalation products, role, and appropriateness of metabolites in BE assessment, importance of base line correction in BE assessment of endogenously occurring drugs, and waiver of BE study requirements for certain drugs based on a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), were also discussed. | Mid | [
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Did this as part of a section hike of the AT with my wife, where we were finishing up Maryland. We stayed the night at the new Raven Rock shelter which is very close to the turn-off for Devils Racecourse. We checked out Devils Racecourse the next morning and it is a neat spot. I started at 77 and climbed Buzzard Knob on the way. When I reached the blue spur trail, I scrambled and bushwhacked north all the way to the highest of the rocks, then made my way back down to enjoy the views from the outcrop at the southern end (just north of 491). So, I learned that the best views and climbing opportunities are down there - not at the high point. | Mid | [
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Contents >> Leading Causes of Death >> Overview - Leading Causes of Death OVERVIEW Ranking causes of death is a useful method of describing patterns of mortality in a population. It allows comparison over time and between populations. However, different methods of grouping causes of death can result in a vastly different list of leading causes for any given population. For this reason ABS ranks leading causes of death in this publication based on research presented in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Volume 84, Number 4, April 2006, 297-304 . For further information see Explanatory Notes 41-43. In 2011, the leading underlying cause of death for all Australians was Ischaemic heart disease (I20-I25), which includes angina, blocked arteries of the heart and heart attacks. Ischaemic heart diseases were identified as the underlying cause of 21,513 deaths, 14.6% of all deaths registered in 2011. While Ischaemic heart diseases have been the leading cause of death in Australia since 2000, the proportion of deaths due to this cause has decreased, from 19.5% (26,063) in 2002 to 14.6% (21,513) in 2011. Cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) have remained the second leading underlying cause of death in 2011. Cerebrovascular diseases include haemorrhages, strokes, infarctions and blocked arteries of the brain. Over the last 10 years, deaths due to this cause have decreased by 10.2%, from 12,533 deaths in 2002 to 11,251 deaths in 2011. Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (F01, F03, G30) was the third leading cause of death in 2011. The number of deaths due to this cause has increased by 126% over the past decade from 4,364 in 2002 to 9,864 in 2011. This is largely due to an increase in deaths due to Dementia (F01, F03), which increased from 2,513 in 2002 to 6,877 in 2011. For further information see Explanatory Note 84. Trachea, bronchus and lung cancers (C33-C34) were the fourth leading cause of death in 2011. Over the last 10 years, deaths due to this cause have increased by 11.1%, from 7,303 in 2002 to 8,114 in 2011. The top 10 leading causes of death accounted for 52% of all deaths registered in 2011, and the top 20 leading causes accounted for 67.2%. 2.1 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH (a) , Australia - Selected years - 2002, 2006, 2011 (b) 2002 2006 2011 Cause of death and ICD code no. Rank no. Rank no. Rank Ischaemic heart diseases (I20-I25) 26 063 1 23 132 1 21 513 1 Cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) 12 533 2 11 479 2 11 251 2 Dementia and Alzheimer disease (F01, F03, G30) 4 364 6 6 550 4 9 864 3 Trachea, bronchus and lung cancer (C33-C34) 7 303 3 7 353 3 8 114 4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases (J40-J47) 6 256 4 5 463 5 6 570 5 Diabetes (E10-E14) 3 329 9 3 669 8 4 209 6 Colon, sigmoid, rectum and anus cancer (C18-C21) 4 649 5 3 857 6 4 087 7 Blood and lymph cancer (including leukaemia) (C81-C96) 3 791 7 3 700 7 3 978 8 Heart failure (I50-I51) 3 367 8 2 902 11 3 488 9 Diseases of the urinary system (N00-N39) 2 887 11 3 197 9 3 386 10 Prostate cancer (C61) 2 852 12 2 951 10 3 294 11 Breast cancer (C50) 2 716 13 2 643 13 2 937 12 Influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18) 3 084 10 2 711 12 2 492 13 Pancreatic cancer (C25) 1 834 15 2 077 15 2 416 14 Intentional self-harm (X60-X84)(c) 2 320 14 2 118 14 2 272 15 Skin cancers (C43-C44) 1 462 17 1 648 17 2 087 16 Accidental falls (W00-W19) 629 38 1 288 20 1 845 17 Hypertensive diseases (I10-I15) 1 353 20 1 500 18 1 802 18 Cardiac arrhythmias (I47-I49) 1 226 21 1 280 21 1 612 19 Cirrhosis and other diseases of liver (K70-K77) 1 354 19 1 416 19 1 589 20 (a) Causes listed are the leading causes of death for all deaths registered in 2011, based on WHO recommended tabulation of leading causes. See Explanatory Notes 41-43 for further information. (b) See Explanatory Notes 81-99 for further information on specific issues relating to 2011 data. (c) Excludes Sequelae of suicide (Y87.0) as per the WHO recommended tabulation of leading causes. Care needs to be taken in interpreting figures relating to suicide. See Explanatory Notes 92-95. Previous Page Next Page | High | [
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Q: How can i build a content of text lines from some controls and write it to a text file? private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string accountsSettingsFile = Path.GetDirectoryName(Application.LocalUserAppDataPath) + "\\accounts" + "\\accounts.txt"; if (!File.Exists(accountsSettingsFile)) File.Create(accountsSettingsFile); System.IO.File.WriteAllText(accountsSettingsFile,); } I want to build a string right before writing the content to the text file in the button click event. Maybe StringBuilder and to format it to contain all the data from some controls. I have a textBox1, textBox2, textBox3 a checkBox. I want to get all this controls data and write it in lines to the text file. For example if in textBox1 I have "hello" and in textBox2 "world" and in textBox3 "hi" and the checkBox is false, then the text file content should be something like: hello world hi false A: I would go with something like this, especially if your list of controls might get longer later on: private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Form1.WriteToFile(textBox1, textBox2, textBox3, checkBox); } private static void WriteToFile(params Control[] controls) { string accountsSettingsFile = Path.GetDirectoryName(Application.LocalUserAppDataPath) + "\\accounts" + "\\accounts.txt"; List<string> lines = new List<string>(controls.Length); foreach (var control in controls) { string value = Form1.GetValueFromControl(control); //this will skip null entries, not sure you really //want to do that, otherwise when you read this file back in //you will have no idea which values represent which fields if (value != null) lines.Add(value); } //This will overwrite the file. //If you want to append use File.AppendAllLines File.WriteAllLines(accountsSettingsFile, lines); } private static string GetValueFromControl(Control control) { if (control is TextBox) { return ((TextBox)control).Text; } if (control is CheckBox) { return ((CheckBox)control).Checked.ToString(); } return null; } Though, since you are using this for settings, writing raw values to a text file is a very brittle approach. Might I recommend using serialization? Though this requires that you reference Newtonsoft.Json (via nuget) in your project: private void Button_Write_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { AccountSettings settings = new AccountSettings(); settings.Setting1 = this.textBox1.Text; settings.Setting2 = this.textBox2.Text; settings.Setting3 = this.textBox3.Text; settings.CheckboxValue = this.checkBox.Checked; WriteJson(settings, SettingsFile); } private void Button_Read_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { AccountSettings settings = ReadJson<AccountSettings>(SettingsFile); this.textBox1.Text = settings.Setting1; this.textBox2.Text = settings.Setting2; this.textBox3.Text = settings.Setting3; this.checkBox.Checked = settings.CheckboxValue; } private static string SettingsFile { get { return Path.GetDirectoryName(Application.LocalUserAppDataPath) + "\\accounts" + "\\accounts.txt"; } } private static void WriteJson(Object obj, string path) { var ser = new JsonSerializer(); using (var file = File.CreateText(path)) using (var writer = new JsonTextWriter(file)) { ser.Serialize(writer, obj); } } private static T ReadJson<T>(string path) where T: new() { if (!File.Exists(path)) return new T(); var ser = new JsonSerializer(); using (var file = File.OpenText(path)) using (var reader = new JsonTextReader(file)) { return ser.Deserialize<T>(reader); } } private class AccountSettings { public string Setting1 { get; set; } public string Setting2 { get; set; } public string Setting3 { get; set; } public bool CheckboxValue { get; set; } } } This gives you a strongly typed AccountSettings object that can be written and read in a very concrete and repeatable manner. | Mid | [
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I have, twice now. He doesn't have the voice for it if he's going to scream (which sounds high, comical with voice cracking and all haha). But ive argued this point against the Gosling haters. The people who don't think he's got the voice for it or cuz he's blonde. A) hair dye B) Not too much dialogue under the cowl. A whisper like voice, even more subtle than Keaton. Now, this could only be achieved if people accept that this new Batman may not be the Kevin Conroy approach that they want. We're all expecting a Conroy style of commanding, deep speaking in the mask. I would love that. But we need to stop expecting it because a Gosling like portrayal could be awesome if done right. It could be eerie, the more silent Batman is. __________________"Lets make one thing very clear here - Nolan's films are as faithful an adaptation as there is. It pays homage to its source material, remains true to its characters and above all else places the story first and foremost." - jmc | Low | [
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Q: My javascript doesn't run without alert I am having a problem with a block of my code, this section creates boxes of chocolates based on what a user chooses in a previous step and what data is pulled from the database in the api script. the problem is that it doesn't work without the alert('hi') in it. if i take that out it will just create an empty box without dropping the flavors in it, the flavor the flavors are inserted with the createFlavorArray function. var product = new Array(); var price = new Array(); var size = new Array(); $(function () { $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: 'phpscripts/api.php', data: "", dataType: 'json', success: function(rows) { count = 0; for (var i in rows) { var row = rows[i]; product[count] = row[0]; price[count] = row[1]; size[count] = row[2]; count++; } } }); }); //b = box //o = option that is inside the box //nextBoxId is the box id //nextFlavorId is the option or flavor id var nextBoxId = 1; var nextFlavorId = 1; var orderCap = 0; var subTotal = 0; var numOfChocolates = 0; var numOfBoxes = 0; $(document).ready(function(){ while (halfPoundBoxes > 0) { $("#boxes").append('<div id="b'+nextBoxId+'"></div>'); $('#b'+nextBoxId).addClass('div-table-selection'); $('#b'+nextBoxId).append($('#minusBox').clone().attr('id', "m"+nextBoxId)); $('#b'+nextBoxId).append('<div style="display:table-row"></div>'); //call the function to loop through and create the number of flavor options needed var x = 0; alert('hi'); while(x < product.length){ if ('1/2lb Box' == product[x]) { createFlavorArray(size[x], nextBoxId); subTotal += price[x] * 1; $('#b'+nextBoxId).attr('title', product[x]); } x++; } //clone the delete box button and make it visible $('#m'+nextBoxId).show(500); $('#b'+nextBoxId).append("<br />"); if (orderCap == 0) { $('#boxes').append('<div id="msg"><p>If you wish to add another box to your order select the size and click +1 Box.</p></div>'); } $("#m"+nextBoxId).click(function() { $(this).parent().remove(); orderCap--; //if they're ordering zero boxes hide the order button //remove total price //remove the message if (orderCap == 0) { document.getElementById('orderBtn').style.display = "none"; $("#msg").remove(); $("#totalPrice").empty(); } if (orderCap < 10) { $("#cap").remove(); $("#addBox").show(500); } var y = 0; while (y < product.length) { if ('1/2lb Box' == product[y]) { subTotal -= price[y] * 1; numOfChocolates -= size[y] * 1; } y++; } $('#totalPrice').html("<p>Sub Total: " + subTotal + "</p>") //subtract the new $('#finalpaypal').val(subTotal); }); nextBoxId++; orderCap++; numOfBoxes++; $('#totalPrice').html("<p>Sub Total: " + subTotal + "</p>") halfPoundBoxes--; } A: The reason your code is working only when using an alert(), is that the alert() action is giving your jQuery AJAX request a few seconds to return a value to your success() call back function. You should move any code which is affected by your callout function, into the callout function also, so that this code runs in the correct order. Alternatively you could not run your AJAX request asynchronosly by adding async:false, but as @Rocket has commented, this isn't recommended. $.ajax({ async: false, A: You need to put the code in a function and run it after the ajax success is finished ... $(function () { $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: 'phpscripts/api.php', data: "", dataType: 'json', success: function(rows) { count = 0; for (var i in rows) { var row = rows[i]; product[count] = row[0]; price[count] = row[1]; size[count] = row[2]; count++; } do_after_ajax(); } }); }); function do_after_ajax(){ while (halfPoundBoxes > 0) { $("#boxes").append('<div id="b'+nextBoxId+'"></div>'); $('#b'+nextBoxId).addClass('div-table-selection'); .... } | Low | [
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The love-hate relationship between bacterial polysaccharides and the host immune system. This article explores the fascinating relationship between the mammalian immune system and the bacteria that are present in the mammalian gut. Every human is an ecosystem that hosts 10(13)-10(14) bacteria. We review the evidence that immunomodulatory molecules produced by commensal bacteria in the gut have a beneficial influence on the development of certain immune responses, through eliciting the clonal expansion of CD4(+) T-cell populations. This process seems to contribute to the overall health of the host by offering protection against various diseases and might provide supporting evidence at a molecular level for the 'hygiene hypothesis' of allergic immune disorders. | Mid | [
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Pilgrim Visa A pilgrim visa is given to a group of pilgrims (more than 10) visiting religious sites in India.Since a pilgrim visa is given to a group, you cannot travel separately from the group. The group is expected to travel as per the predetermined itinerary. At no point, is any member of the group permitted to leave the group and travel alone.Documents which need to be attached for individual applicants of the pilgrim group are:1) Copy of NADRA Card along with its English translation 2) Copy of any utility bill, such as electricity bill/ gas bill/ landline telephone bill (any one as address proof) In addition to this, the group leader’s case should have the following additional documents: a) Letter of invitation for all the members of the group, attached as a list from the organisers in India clearly mentioning the name, address and contact numbers of the inviting organisation clearly mentioning the pre-determined itinerary b) Any two of these documents of the Indian invitee: passport (preferred), copy of electricity bill, telephone bill, ration card, voter identity card, clearly mentioning the address and contact numbers c) Letter from the organisation / individual in Pakistan who is organising the group In case photographs are not uploaded while filling the online visa application form, the group leader should additionally submit to the High Commission a CD containing photographs of each applicant scanned in JPEG format, which is saved with the online visa application number. Any misrepresentation or undertaking of activities in India incompatible with the visa category can result in an immediate revocation of the visa and deportation from India. For example, if you have been given a pilgrim visa and you perform activities which are commercial in nature, then you are likely to be deported from India and denied visa for subsequent entry into India. | Mid | [
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contract C { uint public i; constructor(uint newI) { i = newI; } } contract D { C c; constructor(uint v) { c = new C(v); } function f() public returns (uint r) { return c.i(); } } // ==== // compileViaYul: also // ---- // constructor(): 2 -> // f() -> 2 | Mid | [
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Q: Multidimentionnal $_POST extract issue (only 1 value returned) I have an issue with this : PART OF MY FORM <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="form-control" name="config_name[]" type="text" placeholder="Nom"/> </div></div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="form-control" name="config_pname[]" type="text" placeholder="Prénom"/> </div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="form-control" name="config_phone[]" type="text" placeholder="Numéro de mobile"/> </div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="form-control" name="config_mail[]" type="text" placeholder="Adresse Mail"/> </div></div></div> <?php $glprt_type = "dx"; echo '<input type="checkbox" name="config_'.strtolower($glprt_type).'[][]" value="'.$glprt_type.' '.$glprt_subtype.' '.$glprt_name.'"><b style="font-size: 12px;"> '.$glprt_type.' '.$glprt_subtype.' - '.$glprt_name.'</b> <br>'; ?> PHP PROCESS for ($i = 0; $i < count($_POST['config_pname']); $i++) { echo $_POST['config_type'][$i].'<br />'; echo date('Y-m-d').'<br />'; echo $_POST['config_pname'][$i].'<br />'; echo $_POST['config_name'][$i].'<br />'; for ($j = 0; $j < count($_POST['config_dx'][$i]); $j++) { echo $_POST['config_dx'][$j][$i].'<br />'; } } The point is that I only get the first $_POST['config_dx'] record even if I have 3 sent througt POST Method. What am I doing wrong ? 1/ echo count($_POST['config_dx'][$i] returns "1" 2/ if I replace in the loop echo $_POST['config_dx'][$j][$i].'<br />'; by echo $_POST['config_dx'][0][$i].'<br />'; echo $_POST['config_dx'][1][$i].'<br />'; echo $_POST['config_dx'][2][$i].'<br />'; my 3 results apperas so the loop seems not to loop :) Thanks a lot A: Did you remove the [$i] in your second for loop. Like this: for ($j = 0; $j < count($_POST['config_dx']); $j++) Hope it helps! | Low | [
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Tehran, Iran (CNN) -- Iran has sent an "initial response" to a proposal designed to break the deadlock over its nuclear program, the International Atomic Energy Agency said Thursday. The IAEA did not say what Iran's response was. The deal could reduce the amount of material Iran has to make a nuclear bomb. The United States and its allies fear Tehran's goal is to make a bomb. Iran denies it. Under the proposal, Iran would send low-enriched uranium abroad to be turned into material for use in medical research and treatment at a reactor in Tehran. Iran's hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad struck a rare conciliatory note Thursday, saying that the Islamic republic was ready for nuclear cooperation with Western powers. Ahmadinejad, speaking to crowds in the northeastern city of Mashhad, said the West has gone from "confrontation to cooperation," according to state-run Press TV, and praised the IAEA as "playing a genuine role." "One, they told us to stop (nuclear work,)" he said. "Now they express readiness to cooperate with us in exchange of fuel, expansion of the technology and construction of power plants and atomic reactors." He said his nation is ready to talk with the United States and its allies in developing Iran's nuclear program, and he described a current draft proposal as a "victory" for Iran. A formal response to the proposal is expected from Tehran on Friday. If accepted, it could help quell the international showdown over Iran's nuclear activities. That deal, brokered earlier this month at IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria, would send low-enriched uranium abroad for further enrichment and then return it to Iran for use in medical research and treatment at a reactor in Tehran. And, Ahmadinejad said, getting fuel for the Tehran reactor would provide an opportunity to determine the "honesty" of the IAEA and the countries involved in the negotiations. "We welcome the exchange of fuel, technical cooperation and construction of power plants and reactors and we are prepared to cooperate (in those areas)," he said. Iran shocked the world in September by revealing the existence of a previously unknown nuclear plant near the city of Qom. The IAEA, the U.N. nuclear watchdog, sent a team of inspectors for a four-day visit to that facility, Press TV said. It said the inspectors "have expressed satisfaction with their mission." Iranian officials are expected to meet with the five permanent members of theU.N. Security Council -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States -- plus Germany, to further discuss the nuclear program. Ahmadinejad also said that Iran expected countries who are parties to the talks to "fulfill their previous obligations." "We have nuclear contracts. It has been 30 years. We have paid for them .. such agreements must be fulfilled ... for technical activities, for reactors and power plants. If we intend to cooperate, such contracts must be addressed and the previous commitments must be fulfilled." Iranian lawmaker Hossein Ebrahimi told the semi-official Mehr News Agency on Wednesday that nuclear talks between Iran and Western powers have greatly improved. "Current international circumstances suggest that the atmosphere of distrust in the ongoing nuclear talks is diminishing," said Ebrahimi, a member of the Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee. He said the IAEA-brokered proposal would be beneficial "because Iran's right to produce enriched uranium would be recognized." "If we choose this option, we can continue enrichment and gradually increase our ability to produce uranium that is more enriched to supply our power plants and reactors in the future," Ebrahimi added. | Mid | [
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The provincial Ministry of Transportation is planning on replacing a number of bridges that go under the Queensway. The overall recommendations prepared by the consultants studying the design requirements of the bridges is to maintain the status quo. This would be a lost opportunity to re-visit the design of these underpasses to meet modern transportation needs and accommodate infrastructure requirements for all users including pedestrians, cyclists and motorized vehicles. For more insight on this potential opportunity, click here. This weekend I travelled under the bridges in sequence as shown on the map below, beginning with the westernmost span along Holland Avenue. I’ve given them a grade on safety, from 0 (super dangerous, stay away) up to 5 (one that I would feel confident recommending to all riders within the 8-80 age range). Holland Avenue is 4 lanes of speeding traffic heading under the bridge, or it’s crammed with commuter traffic during the week. Bike infrastructure would be a great asset along this strip, particularly for the kids attending Fisher Park School, located just on the north side of the bridge. OVO-Safety-Scale : 1/5. Parkdale Avenue is much like Holland Avenue in terms of traffic, but with more frantic distracted drivers jostling to get on and off Queensway ramps. OVO-Safety-Scale : 1/5. Fairmont Avenue is one of the safest roads under the Queensway. It connects residential areas on either side and has minimal traffic. There is usually ample space on the shoulders, as evidenced by the snow piled in the outside lanes. I imagine there is room to introduce bike lanes without having to increase the width of this bridge. OVO-Safety-Scale : 3/5. Cleared bike lanes on either side would get it to 5/5. Bayswater Avenue is also a pretty good street to ride along and under the Queensway. Similar to Fairmont it could use cleared bike lanes. It was the only one with lights on under the bridge. OVO-Safety-Scale : 3/5. The O-Train Bikepath is fantastic. Whoever has been clearing and salting the path in a very timely manner all winter deserves the OVO-Safety-Scale Gold Medal! OVO-Safety-Scale : 5/5 Preston Street is the only road bridge that embraces the notion humans pass under it. There are the Little Italy signs at the entrances to the tunnel, painted murals, some streetscaping, and park benches. There are ample sidewalks, but no bike infrastructure, and the only potential remaining bit of shoulder that might possibly be used for bike lanes is taken up by street parking. So it’s nice on a quiet Sunday morning, but not so safe during the rest of the week when it becomes a busy roadway with no infrastructure for cyclists. OVO-Safety-Scale : 2/5 Rochester Street has some shoulder space, and there are lights at both ends for the Queensway on & off ramps, but speedy traffic makes it unsafe. OVO-Safety-Scale : 2/5 Booth Street is similar to Rochester but because it is a block away from the on and off ramps it seems less frantic. There is also some shoulder room heading under the bridge. On the north side a meridian has recently been added, which must help with traffic calming, but it takes away any room for cyclists. Heading south, one is nudged on to the sidewalk. OVO-Safety-Scale : 3/5 Bronson Street heading under the Queensway is one of the most dangerous stretches to ride along in the city. It’s always filled with busy traffic, even on Sunday afternoons. It’s also dangerous for the many pedestrians with traffic rushing the lights to get across lanes heading on and off Queensway ramps. OVO-Safety-Scale : 0/5 Percy Street has a nice wide two way bike lane and traffic lights at either end to get across Chamberlain St on the south side and Catherine on the north. I also believe it is destined to be cleared next winter, so in anticipation of that, it gets: OVO-Safety-Scale : 5/5 Bank Street is always busy. It really needs bike infrastructure as it’s an important link between residential communities and businesses on either side of the Queensway. The intersection at Catherine Street is particularly dangerous. OVO-Safety-Scale : 1/5 O’Connor St is a one way heading south. It has a summer bike lane heading in that direction under the bridge, but getting there from downtown is dangerous. O’Connor is a speed strip for drivers rushing out of downtown towards the Queensway. Without a protected segregated bike lane I could not recommend biking along O’Connor, or across Catherine and the Queensway on ramp. Under the bridge, in the summer, gets a 4/5 but getting there merits a 0/5. There’s no bike lane for those heading north. Et voila. Lot’s of room for improvement. The consultants are welcoming comments until March 13th. Share this: Twitter Facebook Like this: Like Loading... Related | Low | [
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Q: Usage of wildcards and typed generics generates "is not applicable for the arguments" error I'm currently writing a simple Event Listener library. Here's my interface for any listener: public interface Listener<T> { // Event is a very simple type which holds a variable T data. public boolean run(Event<T> e); } My class Listenable records all Listeners in a HashMap: protected HashMap<String, ArrayList<Listener<?>>> listeners; I'm using a wildcard here because I want my Listenable instances to have more than one event type. The problematic part comes now in my Listenable::dispatchEvent() method: public boolean dispatchEvent(Event<?> evt) { ArrayList<Listener<?>> evtListeners = listeners.get(evt.getType()); if (evtListeners == null) { return true; } for (Listener<?> lst : evtListeners) { // vvv--- error if (!lst.run(evt) || evt.shouldStopPropagation()) { return false; } } return true; } The error message says: The method run(Event) in the type Listener is not applicable for the arguments (Event) I've found a "solution" (in the sense of getting the compiler to hide the error): for (Listener lst : evtListeners) { if (!lst.run(evt) || evt.shouldStopPropagation()) { return false; } } The compiler only generates two warnings in this case but I've read here that this technique is very, very poor! I got it working with this code public <T> boolean dispatchEvent(Event<T> evt) { ArrayList<Listener<?>> evtListeners = listeners.get(evt.getType()); if (evtListeners == null) { return true; } for (int i = 0; i < evtListeners.size(); i++) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Listener<T> lst = (Listener<T>) evtListeners.get(i); if (!lst.run(evt) || evt.shouldStopPropagation()) { return false; } } return true; } But I doubt that this is clean code, isn't it? I assume that the user of my library won't mix types for the same event type (evt.getType()). I would appreciate any suggestions! A: You should change the signature of your method to public <T> boolean dispatchEvent(Event<T> evt) and use T as the type: for (Listener<T> lst : (ArrayList<Listener<T>>) evtListeners) { Note this normally gives a "unchecked conversation" warning, you can disable that with @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") iirc. Edit: It is hard to get rid of unchecked conversation warnings. They simply mean that the compiler can NOT enforce that cast. The following statement is correct, useless, and will blow up your code somewhere later: ArrayList<Thread> al1 = new ArrayList<Thread>(); al1.add(new Thread()); ArrayList<Exception> al2 = (ArrayList<Exception>) al1; Generics in Java are more or less only a compile time hint that saves casts and give you more type safety. | Mid | [
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Q: Preprocessing text input to a machine-learning algorithm I have written the following function to preprocess some text data as input to machine learning algorithm. It lowercase, tokenises, removes stop words and lemmatizes, returning a string of space-separated tokens. However, this code runs extremely slowly. What can I do to optimise it? import os import re import csv import time import nltk import string import pickle import numpy as np import pandas as pd import pyparsing as pp import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn import preprocessing from nltk.corpus import stopwords from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize, word_tokenize from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfTransformer def preprocessText(text, lemmatizer, lemma, ps): ''' Lowercase, tokenises, removes stop words and lemmatize's using word net. Returns a string of space seperated tokens. ''' words = text.lower() words = re.sub("[^a-zA-Z]", " ", words) words = word_tokenize(words) stemmed_words = [] stops = set(stopwords.words("english")) meaningful_words = [w for w in words if not w in stops] text = "" if lemmatizer == True: pos_translate = {'J':'a', 'V':'v', 'N':'n', 'R':'r'} meaningful_words = [lemma.lemmatize(w,pos=pos_translate[pos[0]] if pos[0] in pos_translate else 'n') for w,pos in nltk.pos_tag(meaningful_words)] for each in meaningful_words: if len(each) > 1: text = text +" " + each return text else: words_again = [] for each in meaningful_words: words_again.append(ps.stem(each)) text = "" for each in words_again: if len(each) > 1: text = text +" " +each return(text) A: Given that you are already using Python, I would highly recommend using Spacy (base text parsing & tagging) and Textacy (higher level text processing built on top of Spacy). It can do everything you want to do, and more, with one function call: http://textacy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference.html#textacy.preprocess.preprocess_text For your further travels in text based machine learning, there are also a wealth of additional features, particularly with Spacy 2.0 and its universe. | Mid | [
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Q: Replace date from one dataframe to another if it's newer So I've hit a wall here and I feel it's pretty simple but can't get it to work. I have two dataframes that I want to compare the dates and update one with the other's date if it's newer. Here's the first dataframe (df1): Unit Number Date Score SAH-459 1/24/2019 0.951 SAH-450 2/3/2019 0.852 SAH-399 10/5/2019 0.354 And here's the second one (df2): Unit Number ActualDate SAH-459 1/30/2019 SAH-450 2/3/2019 SAH-399 9/28/2019 So I would like only the date from SAH-459 to update to 1/30/2019 since it's newer Here is what I've done so far: unitlist = df1['Unit Number'].unique() #gets array with unique Unit Numbers for unit in unitlist: date1 = df1.loc[df1['Unit Number'] == unit, 'Date'].values date2 = df2.loc[df2['Unit number'] == unit, 'ActualDate].values if date2 > date1: df1.at[[unit],'Date'] = date2 However it's throwing this error: "None of [Index(['SAH-459'], dtype='object')] are in the [index]" I must say that the unique unit list of both dataframes are not the same. There might be some units missing from df1 into df2 and vice versa. Thanks in advance! A: Case 1: same units in both dataframes Let's first create the 2 dataframes with: df1 = pd.DataFrame( { "Unit_Number": ["SAH-459", "SAH-450", "SAH-399"], "Date": ["1/24/2019", "2/3/2019", "10/5/2019"], "Score": [0.951, 0.852, 0.354], } ) df2 = pd.DataFrame( { "Unit_Number": ["SAH-459", "SAH-450", "SAH-399"], "ActualDate": ["1/30/2019", "2/3/2019", "9/28/2019"], } ) In order to do the update you should set Unit_Number as the index and transform the dates columns to datetime with: # Set index df1 = df1.set_index("Unit_Number") df2 = df2.set_index("Unit_Number") # Transform to date df1["Date"] = pd.to_datetime(df1["Date"]) df2["ActualDate"] = pd.to_datetime(df2["ActualDate"]) So now you can create a filter of which units have a date in df2 that is greater than the date in df1 and use it to update the dates of those units in df1 with: mfilter = df2["ActualDate"] > df1["Date"] df1.loc[mfilter, "Date"] = df2.loc[mfilter, "ActualDate"] This will work if both dataframes have the same units and in the same order. And if you need it you can reset the indexs after doing this update with: df1 = df1.reset_index() df2 = df2.reset_index() Case 2: different units in both dataframes Let's add more units to test this case: df1 = pd.DataFrame( { "Unit_Number": ["SAH-459", "SAH-450", "SAH-399", "SAH-777"], "Date": ["1/24/2019", "2/3/2019", "10/5/2019", "4/29/2019"], "Score": [0.951, 0.852, 0.354, 0.982], } ) df2 = pd.DataFrame( { "Unit_Number": ["SAH-459", "SAH-450", "SAH-399", "SAH-999"], "ActualDate": ["1/30/2019", "2/3/2019", "9/28/2019", "1/12/2019"], } ) You will need to do the same: df1 = df1.set_index("Unit_Number") df2 = df2.set_index("Unit_Number") # Transform to date df1["Date"] = pd.to_datetime(df1["Date"]) df2["ActualDate"] = pd.to_datetime(df2["ActualDate"]) They key is to reindex mfilter using the index from df1 and then reindex mfilter in df2.loc: mfilter = df2["ActualDate"].reindex(df1.index) > df1["Date"] df1.loc[mfilter, "Date"] = df2.loc[mfilter.reindex(df2.index).fillna(False), "ActualDate"] This will always work | Low | [
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Graduate Programs Peter R. McKillop Peter R. McKillop was born on July 21, 1972 in Perth, Australia. He grew up in Friday Harbor, Washington on San Juan Island, where he raised sheep, sailed, and hiked. Peter received a B.S. in Geology and B.S. in Economics from the University of Washington in 1995. After graduation he worked in Australia prior to enrolling in the Geology MS program at Utah State University in 1998. Peter had just started his Master’s thesis field work in the Sierra Nevada Mountains when he died in a climbing fall in King’s Canyon National Park on July 7, 1999. Peter had a wide range of interests, including art, economics, anthropology, and geology. He was an excellent and dedicated teacher. He had a bright smile and cheerfully lived life to its fullest. The Peter R. McKillop Memorial Scholarship The Peter R. McKillop Scholarship was developed in honor of Peter, by his advisor, Jim Evans, Susanne Jänecke, and other of his friends. The award will go to a graduate student who, like Peter, has a strong academic record and is not already well funded. Need and demonstrated interest or aptitude in other fields, such as the arts, humanities, community service, or music may be used as a secondary selection criterion. | Mid | [
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Filed 3/5/14 P. v. Billings CA2/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION ONE THE PEOPLE, B251548 Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. KA042336) v. THOMAS E. BILLINGS, Defendant and Appellant. APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. William C. Ryan, Judge. Affirmed. ______ Jonathan B. Steiner and James A. Uyeda, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant. No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent. ______ On July 18, 2013, Thomas E. Billings filed a petition for recall of sentence pursuant to Penal Code section 1170.126,1 which codifies part of the “Three Strikes Reform Act” (Prop. 36, § 6, as approved by voters, Gen. Elec. (Nov. 6, 2012), effective Nov. 7, 2012). In his petition, Billings represented that he is serving a third-strike sentence for a 1999 conviction for second degree robbery under section 211. On July 26, 2013, the trial court denied the petition with prejudice because Billings’s third-strike offense of second degree robbery is a violent felony conviction, which renders him ineligible for resentencing under section 1170.126. Billings filed a notice of appeal.2 We appointed counsel to represent Billings in the matter. After examining the record, counsel filed a Wende brief raising no issues on appeal and requesting that we independently review the record. (People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436.) On December 6, 2013, we directed appointed counsel to immediately send the record on this appeal and a copy of the opening brief to Billings and notified Billings that within 30 days from the date of the notice he could submit by letter or brief any ground of appeal, contention or argument he wished us to consider. We did not receive a response from him. We have examined the entire record and determined that, because Billings’s third-strike offense of second degree robbery is a violent felony (§ 667.5, subd. (c)(9)), he cannot benefit from the provisions of section 1170.126. (§ 1170.126, subds. (b) & (e)(1).) We are satisfied that Billings’s attorneys have fully complied with their responsibilities and that no arguable appellate issue exists. (People v. Wende, supra, 25 Cal.3d at p. 441; People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th 106, 110.) 1 Statutory references are to the Penal Code. 2 The question whether a defendant has the right to appeal the denial of a petition to recall his sentence pursuant to section 1170.126 when the trial court determined that he did not meet the threshold eligibility requirements for resentencing currently is pending before the Supreme Court. (Teal v. Superior Court, review granted July 31, 2013, S211708.) 2 DISPOSITION The order is affirmed. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED. ROTHSCHILD, Acting P. J. We concur: CHANEY, J. MILLER, J.* * Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, Assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution. 3 | Mid | [
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INTRODUCTION ============ Skinship between women and infant commonly occurs during standing, sitting and gait, and then, cause of falling injury composes of the two-thirds in a situation of slipping floor and a motion carrying a parcel hastily ([@b5-jer-14-4-699]). In spite of complicated nerve-control system during gait, human manages to continue the rhythmic, regular and repetitive movement of gait ([@b24-jer-14-4-699]). But movement bracing and backing of infant means overloaded body weight as that of infant, and thus elevate whole body weight and height of center of gravity (COG) by added mass. When these problems interacts during gait, pelvic movement and gait posture with a reciprocity action against gravity may be altered, and also torque and linear force on body structure due to excessive movement of vertebrae increased ([@b4-jer-14-4-699]; [@b6-jer-14-4-699]; [@b17-jer-14-4-699]). Particularly the added load on trunk causes to alter a position of center of intervertebrae ([@b1-jer-14-4-699]; [@b6-jer-14-4-699]; [@b15-jer-14-4-699]), pain and fatigue on shoulder and lower leg ([@b11-jer-14-4-699]), and increase an occurring possibility of abnormality on muscular-skeletal and cartilage tissue system ([@b23-jer-14-4-699]). Inadequate wearing shoe during gait may deteriorate of muscular function contributing to static and dynamic stability ([@b13-jer-14-4-699]), thus which may cause pain and abnormality of foot ([@b25-jer-14-4-699]). Women usually wears slipper for noise prevention of interfloor and comfort of foot in a condition of backing infant ([@b26-jer-14-4-699]), but may injure foot-health and alter the gait movement potentially ([@b19-jer-14-4-699]). Doctors in charge of women of predelivering of baby accentuates exercise and posture control for early prevention on problems of muscular-skeletal system and rehabilitation management ([@b8-jer-14-4-699]). Particularly even postdelivering, women undergo swell of ankle and leg, incomplete gait, increase of gait width and pain of hip ([@b18-jer-14-4-699]). In the course, women usually may undergo abnormality of body shape and deficit of body function by interaction in due to shoe's type and positions of carrying infant. Therefore the purpose of the study was to investigate the change of dynamic and kinetic variables according to between position of carrying infant and wearing slipper. MATERIALS AND METHODS ===================== Subject ------- The adult female (n=10; mean age, 28.00±6.73 years; mean height, 163.25±4.90 cm; mean weight, 54.81±5.54 kg) and infant (n=10; mean weight, 11.27±1.51 kg) were selected as subjects. The experimental approval for safety, prevention and ethics of all was obtained from Institutional Review Board of Jeju National University (JJNU-IRB-2017-020-001). Experimental procedure ---------------------- GRF (AMTI-OR9-7, AMTI, Watertown, MA, USA) in line with the center of gait path and camera (4 ea.) (HDR/HDV 1980i, Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan) were set up at 60 frame/sec of speed and 1/500 sec of exposure time. All participants performed each 3 times of gait trial in order of fore-carrying and back-carrying of infant in a condition of bare and slipper gait after rehearsing of enough gait exercise on condition of touch of right foot on the ground reaction force (GRF) with carrying infant. The order of experiment was performed randomly, and only 1 trial selected verified from Kwon 3D XP ver4.0 (Visol, Gwangmyeong, Korea) sampled at 600 Hz was analyzed for the study. Definition of analysis phase ---------------------------- Gait characteristics were evaluated with trunk declined angle of medial-lateral, COP variables (medial-lateral COP, anterior-posterior COP excursions), GRF variables (peak vertical force, loading rate, decay rate) and leg stiffness. Appropriate stable area was evaluates with position of medial-lateral COM projected in dynamic situation and COM position and velocity (dx/dt) supporting phase using XCOM (extrapolated center of mass position) ([@b10-jer-14-4-699]). ω 0 = g / h X C O M = x ( i ) \+ ( 1 / ω 0 ) · ( d x / d t ) X C O M θ ( i ) = tan \- 1 ( X ( i ) \- x 1 ( i ) , Z ( i ) \- z 1 ( i ) ) Nomenclature for XCOM 1. ω~0~ = pendulum eigen frequency 2. *g* = acceleration of gravity 9.81 m/sec^2^ 3. *h* = effective height of the body COM above the floor=1.34*ℓ* 4. *x* (*i*) = lateral position of COM 5. *X* (*i*), *Z* (*i*) = vertical and lateral position of COM 6. *x* (*i*), *z* (*i*) = vertical and lateral position of COP Index in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior direction, which mean index of stability resulted from value of COP ([@b16-jer-14-4-699]). The formulae means the increase of COP, the less of stability. M \- L COPE = Σ t = o T ∣ COP x , t \- COP x , mean ∣ T A \- P COPE = Σ t = o T ∣ COP y , t \- COP y , mean ∣ T Leg stiffness was normalized 100% (*l~o~*) to the initial touch-down of right foot in 3 dimensional spatial coordinates, and quantified dimensionally by division peak vertical force (N/BW) with change rate (*l~o~* − *l*~min~)/*l~o~*) of leg length (*l~min~*) ([@b22-jer-14-4-699]). Analysis and process of data ---------------------------- Primary variables calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) was mean±standard deviation and performed repeated two-way analysis of variance according to conditions of position (fore and rear of truck) and gait condition (barefoot and slipper) at *P*\<0.05 level. RESULTS ======= Velocity and dynamic stability according to position of carrying infant and wearing slipper was as ([Table 1](#t1-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table"}). Difference among gait velocity, XCOM, M-LCOPE, and A-PCOPE according to position of carrying infant and wearing slipper was not significant (*P*\>0.05). Kinetic variables during gait was as ([Table 2](#t2-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table"}). Difference between position of carrying infant and wearing slipper in GRF in medial-lateral direction and loading rate was not significant (*P*\>0.05). Difference between position of carrying infant and wearing slipper in GRF in anterior-posterior direction, loading rate and leg stiffness was significant (*P*\>0.01), while the variables in case of wearing slipper did not show significant difference and interaction effect. DISCUSSION ========== Usually female go through abnormal muscular-skeletal during women's delivery, which is a cause of factors of functional deterioration and occurrence of body handicap ([@b21-jer-14-4-699]). The high rate of new handicap occurrence of muscular-skeletal system on lower limbs during pregnancy ([@b7-jer-14-4-699]) and furthermore abnormal exercise of joint due to frequent skinship with infant after delivering may result in acute or chronic deficit of body ([@b21-jer-14-4-699]). Women delivered an infant generally participate in various treatment and exercise rehabilitation to resolve physical deficient occurring functionally, but profitable information helpful for prevention and improvement of motor ability is deficient. In the analysis, difference between wearing slipper and bare gait in variables of dynamic stability and impulse type is not significant. unwell and inconvenience shoe for individual during gait induces insole pressure of foot, which result in pain of foot, injuries of tissue and ulcer, and finally handicap of balancing ability ([@b2-jer-14-4-699]; [@b9-jer-14-4-699]; [@b14-jer-14-4-699]). But this study did not give an influence to dynamic stability by wearing slipper. This result was not certain whether influence of shape, material or size of slipper, or wearing of loosen fixing slipper for long time had relation with pain of heel and excessive injury around of foot finger ([@b3-jer-14-4-699]; [@b26-jer-14-4-699]). In further study, a study of dynamic stability during carrying infant and wearing time is necessary. Carrying infant showed more increased in variables of anterior-posterior GRF, Max. vertical GRF, leg stiffness, and loading rate, which was inferred to proportionally increasing relation of impulse type due to infant weight, and particularly showed more increased breaking force and impulse force when positioned fore than post of trunk during carrying infant. Generally when infant was positioned fore of trunk, visual information to move the other foot forward proper position may be interfered, but sensual strategy to secure the dynamic stability may be selected when given a condition at easy ([@b20-jer-14-4-699]). But Stable gait based on reverse pendulum model should place COG of whole body to a position on new supporting ground ([@b12-jer-14-4-699]), and then added infant weight in the course be due to momentum of forward movement of COG of whole body after touch-down of heel. As these, regardless of fore or post carrying infant, women can secure a dynamic stability by altering mechanical function (impulse type) during women gait. That is, it suggests that carrying infant during gait has more close relation with increase of impulse type of muscular-skeletal system than decrease of stability. This result may be expected for expert of clinics or exercise rehabilitation to treat an exercise prescription through understanding of gait characteristics in various aspects in women of post delivering. In addition it is necessary to investigate gait stability considering effect slipping friction coefficient and others. **CONFLICT OF INTEREST** No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017S1A5A2A01023265). ###### Change of mean velocity, extrapolated centre of mass position, and center of pressure variables during level walking Section Walking conditions (W) Carrying positions (C) Total average Source *F* *P*-value *Post hoc* ----------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ --------------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ------- ---- Mean velocity (m/sec) Barefoot 1.25±0.15 1.20±0.13 1.24±0.17 1.23±0.15 W 0.432 0.519 NS Slipper 1.18±0.06 1.18±0.08 1.24±0.18 1.20±0.12 C 1.004 0.359 NS Total average 1.22±0.12 1.19±0.11 1.24±0.17 1.22±0.14 W×C 0.466 0.578 NS XCOM*θ* (°) Barefoot 4.84±4.85 6.38±3.37 6.42±4.48 5.88±1.19 W 0.186 0.671 NS Slipper 4.97±2.19 6.91±4.59 7.56±4.42 6.47±3.91 C 2.310 0.114 NS Total average 4.90±3.66 6.65±3.93 6.99±4.37 6.18±1.03 W×C 0.119 0.888 NS M-LCOPE Barefoot 2.97±1.35 2.92±1.44 2.80±1.11 2.89±1.26 W 0.102 0.754 NS Slipper 3.27±1.13 2.48±0.91 2.52±1.11 2.75±1.07 C 2.168 0.128 NS Total average 3.12±1.22 2.7±1.19 2.66±1.09 2.82±1.16 W×C 1.244 0.300 NS A-PCOPE Barefoot 19.92±1.19 21.15±4.54 21.46±3.04 20.84±3.18 W 0.019 0.891 NS Slipper 19.27±3.35 20.58±1.51 23.00±4.44 20.95±3.57 C 2.998 0.062 NS Total average 19.59±2.47 20.87±3.30 22.23±3.78 20.89±3.35 W×C 0.669 0.519 NS Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. NS, not significant; M-LCPOE, medial-lateral center of mass excursions; A-PCOPE, anterior-posterior center of mass excursions; W, main effect of the walking conditions; C, main effect of the carrying positions; W×C, interaction. ###### Change of ground reaction force variables and leg stiffness during level walking Section Walking conditions (W) Carrying positions (C) Total average Source *F* *P*-value *Post hoc* ------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ --------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---- Medial-lateral GRF (N/BW) Barefoot −0.05±0.01 −0.06±0.03 −0.06±0.02 −0.06±0.02 W 0.344 0.565 NS Slipper −0.06±0.01 −0.07±0.03 −0.07±0.01 −0.06±0.02 C 1.754 0.188 NS Total average −0.05±0.01 −0.07±0.03 −0.06±0.02 −0.06±0.02 W×C 0.222 0.802 NS Anterior-posterior GRF (N/BW) Barefoot −0.14±0.05 −0.22±0.05 −0.20±0.05 −0.18±0.06 W 4.173 0.056 NS Slipper −0.12±0.06 −0.18±0.07 −0.17±0.03 −0.16±0.06 C 8.284 0.001[\*\*\*](#tfn5-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table-fn"} F\>R\>N Total average −0.13±0.05 −0.20±0.06 −0.18±0.05 −0.17±0.06 W×C 0.074 0.928 NS Vertical GRF (N/BW) Barefoot 1.17±0.07 1.34±0.14 1.31±0.14 1.27±0.14 W 0.202 0.659 NS Slipper 1.14±0.12 1.38±0.14 1.36±0.13 1.29±0.17 C 24.572 0.001[\*\*\*](#tfn5-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table-fn"} F\>R\>N Total average 1.15±0.10 1.36±0.14 1.34±0.13 1.28±0.15 W×C 0.936 0.402 NS Dimensionless leg stiffness Barefoot 12.20±3.44 28.28±13.83 29.16±8.37 23.22±12.17 W 0.429 0.521 NS Slipper 14.95±6.42 30.24±07.38 29.43±8.04 24.87±10.04 C 26.972 0.001[\*\*\*](#tfn5-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table-fn"} F, R\>N Total average 13.57±5.21 29.26±10.87 29.30±7.99 24.04±11.09 W×C 0.131 0.878 NS Loading rate (N/BW/sec) Barefoot 8.19±0.89 10.95±2.69 10.04±1.83 9.72±2.21 W 2.457 0.134 NS Slipper 8.89±1.51 11.24±2.50 12.05±1.93 10.72±2.38 C 14.793 0.001[\*\*\*](#tfn5-jer-14-4-699){ref-type="table-fn"} F, R\>N Total average 8.54±1.26 11.09±2.53 11.04±2.10 10.22±2.33 W×C 1.386 0.254 NS Decay rate (N/BW/sec) Barefoot −8.08±1.13 −7.21±7.24 −8.46±0.85 −7.92±4.14 W 0.061 0.808 NS Slipper −7.52±1.19 −7.77±1.20 −9.13±0.78 −8.14±1.26 C 1.110 0.340 NS Total average −7.80±1.17 −7.49±5.06 −8.80±0.86 −8.03±3.04 W×C 0.273 0.763 NS Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. GRF, ground reaction force; NS, not significant; W, main effect of the walking conditions; C, main effect of the carrying positions; W×C, interaction. *P*\<0.001. | Mid | [
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Satanism in a psychiatric adolescent population. In a university affiliated adolescent psychiatric facility, providing approximately 250 consultations per year, an unsuspectedly high prevalence of preoccupation with "satanism" was found in referred adolescents. Interested by the phenomenon, the authors have identified and documented eight cases in an attempt to isolate common characteristics among the cases. Initially a link between the marginal cult belief and general maladjustment was hypothesized, specifically delinquent behaviour. The study confirmed this trend and showed a significant impairment in the social adjustment of these adolescents. One of the most striking findings was the high prevalence of family disruption and parental abuse. Furthermore, a wide range of psychiatric symptoms were found in our subjects. This study raises concerns over the psychological development of adolescents who are subject to high levels of psychosocial stress. It will hopefully encourage further work in the area of increased susceptibility towards beliefs and indoctrination. | High | [
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel has said that the existing deal with Iran was not sufficient to curb its nuclear program, while Tehran’s influence must be contained. “We are of the opinion that the JCPOA is the first step that has contributed to slowing down their activities in this particular respect, that also established a better verification and monitoring process. But we also think, from the German perspective, that this is not sufficient in order to see the Iranian ambitions curbed and contained,” Merkel said, adding that Tehran’s “geopolitical influence in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq” must be countered. Read more Merkel stated that the Iranian issue is way more important for Germany than it is for the US, since the country is “right on our doorstep.” “I believe that, obviously, this agreement is anything but perfect. It will not solve the problems with Iran. It’s just one piece of the mosaic, one building block, on which we can build the structure,” Merkel said during a joint press conference with Trump. Merkel, who arrived in the US to hold talks with the US President Donald Trump, has apparently given in to Washington’s pressure and changed her stance on the landmark nuclear deal with Tehran. Germany has repeatedly warned the US against pulling out of the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran, officially known as Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Merkel herself has consistently urged all the parties to stick to the agreement and implement it fully. Merkel's statement comes as French President Emmanuel Macron, who visited Washington this week, also changed his mind about the Iran agreement after meeting with Trump. He said on Tuesday that discussions with Trump have made it possible to forge a new agreement on Iran. “He is viewing Iran a lot differently than he did before he walked into the Oval Office,” Trump boasted while speaking on Fox and Friends on Thursday. Like this story? Share it with a friend! | Mid | [
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Bone morphogenetic protein/retinoic acid inducible neural-specific protein (brinp) expression during Danio rerio development. Prototype Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily proteins such as complement and perforin play crucial roles in immune defense where they drive lytic pore formation. However, it is evident that other MACPF family members are important in the central nervous system. For example, three bone morphogenetic protein/retinoic acid inducible neural-specific proteins (Brinp1, Brinp2 and Brinp3) are present in developing and mature mammalian neurons, but their molecular function is unknown. In this study we have identified and cloned full-length orthologues of all three human brinps from Danio rerio (zebrafish). Zebrafish and human brinps show very high sequence conservation, and the chromosomal loci are syntenic. We also identified two additional brinp3 paralogues at a separate locus in the zebrafish genome. The spatiotemporal expression of all five zebrafish brinps was determined by RT-PCR and whole mount RNA in situ hybridisation. Each brinp is expressed broadly in the developing nervous system at early stages (24 hours post fertilisation), but localises to specific structures in older embryos (48-72 hpf), as has been reported in mice. The conserved structures and spatiotemporal expression patterns of brinps reported in this study suggest that zebrafish will be useful for generating loss of function phenotypes to assist in determining the molecular role of these proteins. | High | [
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<tr> <td class="tdLabel"></td> <td class="tdInput"><input type="text" name="myname" size="10" value="bar" id="myname" onblur="blahescape('somevalue');"/></td> </tr> | Low | [
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IN THE ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION ONE KENNETH FIELDS, et al., Plaintiffs/Appellees, v. ELECTED OFFICIALS RETIREMENT PLAN, Defendant/Appellee, _________________________________ STATE OF ARIZONA, Defendant/Appellant. No. 1 CA-CV 18-0126 FILED 2-6-2020 Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County No. CV2017-001200 The Honorable Timothy J. Thomason, Judge AFFIRMED COUNSEL Osborn Maledon, P.A., Phoenix By Colin F. Campbell Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellees Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix By Paula S. Bickett, Andrew G. Pappas, Nancy M. Bonnell, Charles A. Grube, Eryn M. McCarthy Counsel for Defendant/Appellant State of Arizona FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court OPINION Judge David D. Weinzweig delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Presiding Judge Kent E. Cattani and Chief Judge Peter B. Swann joined. W E I N Z W E I G, Judge: ¶1 A.R.S. § 12-341.01 allows the superior court to award reasonable attorney fees to the successful party in a contested action arising out of contract. Courts have held that fees may only be awarded under the statute if the successful party has a “genuine financial obligation” to compensate an attorney. At issue here is what that means. ¶2 Plaintiffs and their attorneys entered a contingent fee agreement here that limited attorney compensation to any potential court- ordered fee award under the statute. The superior court found that Plaintiffs assumed a genuine financial obligation to compensate their attorneys under this agreement and granted their request for reasonable attorney fees under § 12-341.01. We affirm. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND ¶3 Plaintiffs Ken Fields and Gerald Porter are retired state court judges and members of the Elected Officials Retirement Plan (EORP), a defined benefit retirement plan for judges and other elected officials, which is funded by various sources, including employer and employee contributions. The legislature modified EORP in 2013 to cap employer contributions at 23.5 percent of aggregate payroll. See A.R.S. § 38-810 (2014). Before then, employer contributions were set and made based on actuarial methods and assumptions consistent with generally accepted accounting standards. A. The Fee Agreement ¶4 Plaintiffs retained the Osborn Maledon law firm in January 2017 to pursue claims for declaratory and injunctive relief but not damages “arising from [the] 2013 statutory change capping employer contributions to the EORP.” Plaintiffs and Osborn Maledon entered a written contingent fee agreement. The law firm agreed to “limit recovery of [its attorney] fees to those fees and costs awarded by the [superior court] under any applicable fee shifting statute.” 2 FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court ¶5 To that end, the fee agreement obligated Plaintiffs, if ultimately successful, to request a court-ordered award of attorney fees under A.R.S. § 12-341.01 and to surrender any award to counsel: If the case is successfully prosecuted or settled, Clients shall petition the Court for fees and costs under any applicable fee shifting statute. ** ** ** Client[s] agree to pay those fees and costs over to Attorneys. Attorneys’ fees will be payable only out of recovery, and if no recovery is obtained, no fees shall be payable to Attorneys. (Emphasis added). B. The Lawsuit ¶6 Plaintiffs sued EORP and the State of Arizona for a declaratory judgment that the statutory cap on employer contributions breached their contract and violated the Arizona Constitution, and sought a mandatory injunction against EORP to set employer contribution rates as required by the law. Plaintiffs sought no money damages but did request an award of attorney fees and costs under A.R.S. § 12-341.01 and the private attorney general doctrine. ¶7 After a bench trial, the superior court held the State’s statutory cap on EORP contributions violated Plaintiffs’ contract and the Arizona Constitution. See Ariz. Const. art. 29, § 1 (A). The court ordered the State to “set the employer contribution rates and other funding for EORP, as a whole, based on actuarial methods and assumptions that are consistent with generally accepted accounting standards.” ¶8 The superior court also ruled that Plaintiffs were “entitled to at least some of their reasonable costs and attorneys’ fees under the private attorney general doctrine and A.R.S. § 12-341.01,” and directed Plaintiffs to file a fee affidavit. Plaintiffs requested $62,943 in attorney fees and $2,355.30 in costs. The State countered that fees should be denied or “greatly reduce[d]” for various reasons, including that Plaintiffs “had no obligation to pay any fees to Osborn Maledon, [and] instead agree[d] that the firm could have any fees that a court might assess against the defendants.” After more briefing, the court held “[t]he private attorney general doctrine [did] not apply,” but still awarded fees under A.R.S. § 12- 3 FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court 341.01, reasoning that Plaintiffs had assumed a “sufficient financial obligation” under the contingent fee agreement because they “agree[d] to pay any attorney fees awarded to the lawyers.” Even so, the court reduced the award by twenty percent because Plaintiffs had not secured all relief requested. ¶9 The court eventually entered a revised final judgment for Plaintiffs, awarding $46,088.80 in attorney fees, $1,899 in costs and post- judgment interest at 5.25 percent. The State timely appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-2101(A)(1). DISCUSSION ¶10 The State contends that Plaintiffs did not qualify for an award of attorney fees under A.R.S. § 12-341.01. We interpret and apply the statute de novo. Ramsey Air Meds, L.L.C. v. Cutter Aviation, Inc., 198 Ariz. 10, 13, ¶ 12 (App. 2000). ¶11 Section 12–341.01(A) provides that a court may award reasonable attorney fees to the successful party in any contested action arising out of a contract. The statute further directs that a fee award “need not equal or relate to the attorney fees actually paid or contracted, but the award may not exceed the amount paid or agreed to be paid.” A.R.S. § 12- 341.01(B). To recover fees under the statute, the successful party must therefore show it entered an attorney-client relationship and assumed a genuine financial obligation to compensate the attorney. Moedt v. General Motors Corp., 204 Ariz. 100, 103, ¶ 11 (App. 2002). ¶12 The State does not contest that Plaintiffs entered an attorney- client relationship with the Osborn Maledon law firm or that Plaintiffs succeeded in a contested action arising out of a contract. Rather, the State argues that Plaintiffs cannot recover any attorney fees because they “never paid or agreed to pay their lawyers” under § 12-341.01(B). We disagree. ¶13 Plaintiffs “agreed to [pay]” counsel here and thus qualified for an award of fees not to exceed that amount. A.R.S. § 12-341.01(B). We interpret a statute to achieve the legislature’s intent, which is best expressed by its plain language. SolarCity Corp. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Revenue, 243 Ariz. 477, 480, ¶ 8 (2018). Plaintiffs entered a written fee agreement with the law firm that required Plaintiffs to perform two affirmative acts if successful in the lawsuit. Plaintiffs promised first to “petition” the superior court for an award of attorney fees and costs under the fee-shifting statute, and promised then to surrender “those fees and costs over to” counsel. Those twin promises are contractually enforceable under Arizona law and 4 FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court represent a genuine financial obligation to compensate counsel. Sparks v. Republic Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 132 Ariz. 529, 545 (1982). ¶14 The conditional nature of payment does not diminish the genuine financial obligation. Arizona courts have long recognized that attorney fees are recoverable under § 12-341.01 “when the contract between the party and the attorney is a contingency-fee agreement,” reasoning that “[a]fter obtaining a judgment, a client who has retained counsel on a contingency basis must surrender the agreed upon percentage of the judgment as remuneration.” Id. ¶15 Even so, the State contends this case is different than Sparks because the clients there sought damages and entered a contingent fee agreement that required them to compensate counsel “out of whatever [damages] they recover,” rather than merely “turn over whatever attorney fees a court awards.” But § 12-341.01 only requires an agreement to pay counsel—it never mentions or limits the source of payment. And clients remain on the hook under either arrangement because payment must be surrendered—whether from an independent fee award (here) or as a percentage of the damages award (there). ¶16 If contingent fee clients must seek and recover money damages to qualify for an award of attorney fees under § 12-341.01, and recovery of declaratory and injunctive relief is not enough, the result will be an unintended and undesirable emphasis on damages. Section 12-341.01 was enacted to mitigate the “expense of litigation to establish a just claim or a just defense,” not to encourage more lawsuits for money damages in lieu of meaningful injunctive or declaratory relief. Cf. Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 95 (1989) (rejecting strict limitation on fee awards in civil rights litigation). ¶17 Another consequence of the State’s argument, if accepted, would be to curtail public interest litigation where individuals band together and retain contingent fee counsel to pursue contract-related injunctive and declaratory relief, but have no money damages. For clients who lack the means to retain competent representation, a contingent fee agreement to surrender any fee-shift award represents the only economic option—shifting the risk and expense of litigation to counsel. Cf. Arnold v. Ariz. Dep’t of Health Servs., 160 Ariz. 593, 608 (1989) (“Attorney’s fees should not be limited by the fact that the plaintiffs are indigent and that their attorneys accepted the case on a pro bono basis.”). Nothing in § 12-341.01 shows this fee arrangement is outside its reach. 5 FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court ¶18 The State also insists that Plaintiffs’ award of attorney fees represents a “windfall” that contravenes the purpose of fee awards under § 12-341.01. But Plaintiffs’ fee award tracks the express and recognized purposes of § 12-341.01, which are to “mitigate the burden of the expense of litigation to establish a just claim or a just defense,” and to encourage an early and ongoing assessment of the merits and facilitate settlement. Chaurasia v. Gen. Motors Corp., 212 Ariz. 18, 29, ¶ 43 (App. 2006). A fee award here mitigates the burden of litigation expenses incurred by counsel to establish Plaintiffs’ claims. Neither the statute nor common law requires clients to personally assume “the burden of the expense,” Catalina Foothills Ass’n, Inc. v. White, 132 Ariz. 427, 428 (App. 1982), which if required would defeat the rationale of contingent fee agreements. And given the contingent fee agreement, it was imperative for all counsel to perform an early, comprehensive appraisal of claims and defenses. ¶19 Meanwhile, the State asserts that § 12-341.01 is intended to make litigants whole for having to pay attorney fees from their own pocket. But the State arrogates that purpose from a different statute, A.R.S. § 12- 349, as applied in Lisa v. Strom, 183 Ariz. 415, 417 (App. 1995), where attorney fees were awarded as a sanction against defendants for pressing a groundless defense and abusing discovery. And even there, the court only mentions the rationale to justify its denial of attorney fees to self- represented “attorney-litigants.” Id. at 420 (“[A] financial obligation from the community to itself is no obligation at all. An award of fees is therefore inappropriate.”). ¶20 Nor can the fee award be characterized as an unreasonable or unearned “windfall.” The statute independently requires any fee award to be reasonable, both as to the number of hours devoted and billing rates. See A.R.S. § 12-341.01(A), (B). The State again misrelies on Lisa, which warned about the perception of “windfalls” where self-represented “attorney- litigants” seek to recover attorney fees for representing themselves. 183 Ariz. at 419 (“The general rule against awarding fees to attorney-litigants is based upon a perception that such awards are windfalls to persons who have spent no money and incurred no debt for legal representation.”). This case raises no such concern because Plaintiffs were represented by Osborn Maledon and contractually bound to surrender any fee award to them. ¶21 The superior court did not abuse its discretion in awarding attorney fees to Plaintiffs. 6 FIELDS, et al. v. EORP, et al. Opinion of the Court CONCLUSION ¶22 We affirm the superior court’s fee award to Plaintiffs. We grant Plaintiffs their costs and reasonable attorney fees on appeal under A.R.S. §§ 12-341 and -341.01 upon compliance with Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure 21. AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court FILED: AA 7 | Low | [
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Like a desert mirage, this monolith rises huge out of the barren, immense flatness of Oregon?s high desert. An enormous near-circle of towering jagged rock walls make it seem like a fort. Hike around and you'll soon realize it's even bigger than it looks! It's an old shield volcano set in what was a shallow sea in prehistoric times. As you walk around inside, imagine the early American Indians who canoed to and from what was then an island. Sandals found in a nearby cave are the oldest ever discovered in Oregon, dating back around 9,000 years. | High | [
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-6238, -14055, -25008, -39103, -56346? -76743 What is the next term in -462005, -924007, -1386009, -1848011, -2310013, -2772015? -3234017 What comes next: 6032, 24185, 54456, 96845, 151352, 217977? 296720 What is next in 540035, 540034, 540033, 540032, 540031? 540030 What is the next term in -82, -397, -928, -1675, -2638, -3817? -5212 What is next in -1128, -4492, -10084, -17892, -27904, -40108, -54492, -71044? -89752 What comes next: -112, -201, -290, -397, -540? -737 What comes next: -7858, -7854, -7850, -7846, -7842? -7838 What comes next: -269, -1020, -2229, -3896, -6021, -8604? -11645 What is next in -21684, -21677, -21664, -21645, -21620? -21589 What is the next term in -1782, -3882, -5982, -8082, -10182, -12282? -14382 What is the next term in -103, -478, -1201, -2350, -4003, -6238, -9133, -12766? -17215 What is next in 229, 577, 1037, 1603, 2269, 3029, 3877, 4807? 5813 What is next in -305, -337, -395, -491, -637, -845? -1127 What is next in 329, 372, 465, 626, 873, 1224? 1697 What comes next: 29, 165, 435, 875, 1521? 2409 What comes next: -150, -784, -2424, -5574, -10738, -18420? -29124 What is the next term in -931, -1453, -1971, -2485, -2995, -3501, -4003? -4501 What is next in -1108, -1292, -1476, -1660, -1844, -2028? -2212 What comes next: 799458, 799460, 799462, 799464, 799466? 799468 What is the next term in 5316, 10630, 15944, 21258, 26572, 31886? 37200 What is the next term in 162, 275, 324, 279, 110? -213 What is next in 2373, 4847, 7523, 10503, 13889, 17783, 22287? 27503 What is the next term in 369, 1500, 3375, 5988, 9333, 13404, 18195? 23700 What is next in 3419, 13621, 30623, 54425? 85027 What is the next term in -1045813, -1045809, -1045795, -1045765, -1045713, -1045633? -1045519 What is next in -2619, -2016, -999, 438, 2301? 4596 What is the next term in 4754, 9522, 14290? 19058 What comes next: -1081, -2156, -3225, -4288, -5345, -6396, -7441? -8480 What is next in -2028, -1756, -1482, -1206, -928, -648, -366? -82 What comes next: 2946, 5916, 8902, 11910, 14946? 18016 What is next in -140, -66, 78, 298, 600? 990 What comes next: -7973, -7979, -7985, -7991, -7997, -8003? -8009 What comes next: 4706, 4695, 4686, 4679? 4674 What is the next term in -2951, -3127, -3421, -3833? -4363 What is the next term in -340, -330, -330, -340, -360, -390, -430? -480 What is the next term in -214788, -214790, -214792, -214794, -214796? -214798 What comes next: -1622, -2947, -4246, -5507, -6718, -7867? -8942 What comes next: 171, 241, 385, 603? 895 What is next in -4901, -4887, -4873? -4859 What is the next term in 1592, 3183, 4774, 6365? 7956 What is next in -64169, -64179, -64189, -64199, -64209? -64219 What is next in 71821, 143566, 215299, 287014, 358705, 430366, 501991, 573574? 645109 What is the next term in -81, -290, -631, -1104? -1709 What is the next term in -189, -294, -497, -846, -1389, -2174, -3249? -4662 What is next in 18, -184, -720, -1752, -3442? -5952 What is next in 414972, 829932, 1244890, 1659846, 2074800? 2489752 What is the next term in -1359598, -2719195, -4078792, -5438389, -6797986? -8157583 What is the next term in -394, -2228, -5284, -9562? -15062 What is the next term in -41, -57, -83, -113, -141, -161, -167? -153 What is the next term in -663, -2620, -5851, -10350, -16111? -23128 What comes next: 149954, 149919, 149870, 149801, 149706, 149579, 149414, 149205? 148946 What comes next: 110, 217, 394, 641, 958, 1345? 1802 What is next in -1505, -3566, -7001, -11810? -17993 What is the next term in 155, 292, 429, 566, 703? 840 What is the next term in -4206, -4175, -4124, -4053, -3962, -3851, -3720? -3569 What is the next term in 1233, 1276, 1319, 1362? 1405 What is the next term in -244, -1319, -3110, -5617, -8840, -12779? -17434 What is the next term in -6339, -6343, -6347, -6351, -6355? -6359 What is next in -16495, -16487, -16479, -16471, -16463? -16455 What is the next term in 19, 14, -9, -50, -109? -186 What comes next: 165641, 662574, 1490797, 2650310, 4141113? 5963206 What is the next term in 44, -44, -224, -502, -884, -1376, -1984, -2714? -3572 What comes next: 3368, 6728, 10084, 13436? 16784 What is the next term in 173, 518, 1089, 1886, 2909, 4158, 5633? 7334 What comes next: -696707, -696717, -696741, -696785, -696855, -696957, -697097, -697281? -697515 What is the next term in -1345, -1378, -1411, -1444, -1477, -1510? -1543 What is the next term in 635, 1273, 1913, 2555, 3199, 3845, 4493? 5143 What comes next: -213284, -213300, -213340, -213416, -213540, -213724, -213980, -214320? -214756 What is the next term in -2819, -5631, -8447, -11267, -14091, -16919, -19751? -22587 What is the next term in -120, -169, -242, -351, -508, -725? -1014 What is the next term in -566, -907, -1476, -2273? -3298 What is the next term in -4724, -4683, -4642, -4601, -4560, -4519? -4478 What is next in 667020, 667023, 667028, 667035, 667044, 667055, 667068? 667083 What comes next: -142155, -284318, -426481? -568644 What is the next term in -950, -4134, -9450, -16904, -26502, -38250? -52154 What comes next: -33324, -66635, -99948, -133263? -166580 What is next in -70388, -140789, -211190, -281591? 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32001 What is next in -11770, -23549, -35332, -47113, -58886, -70645? -82384 What comes next: -278, -176, -2, 250, 586, 1012? 1534 What comes next: 19983, 79934, 179853, 319740, 499595, 719418? 979209 What comes next: 25, 43, 63, 85? 109 What is next in -631, -519, -407, -295, -183, -71? 41 What comes next: -154, -294, -406, -478, -498, -454, -334? -126 What is the next term in 8803, 8901, 8999, 9097, 9195? 9293 What is the next term in -6, 38, 140, 306, 542? 854 What comes next: -431, -245, -55, 139? 337 What is next in -205, -868, -1981, -3544, -5557? -8020 What is next in -11, 545, 1465, 2743, 4373, 6349, 8665? 11315 What is next in -76778, -153517, -230256, -306995, -383734? -460473 What comes next: -106746, -106745, -106744? -106743 What is the next term in -710, -1642, -2798, -4178, -5782, -7610, -9662? -11938 What is next in 266720, 533435, 800150, 1066865, 1333580? 1600295 What comes next: 1860, 1858, 1860, 1866, 1876, 1890, 1908? 1930 What comes next: 2144, 2064, 1984, 1904, 1824? 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The stock market has reacted badly to reports in The Wall Street Journal that two of the nation's largest technology companies—Facebook and Google—are likely to face intensifying antitrust scrutiny from federal regulators in the United States. As I write this on Monday afternoon, Facebook stock is down 7 percent, while Google stock is down 6.5 percent. The S&P 500 index of large stocks is down less than 1 percent. An unusual legal arrangement gives the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission joint responsibility for antitrust enforcement. The two agencies negotiate to decide which one will represent the government in any particular inquiry. On Monday, The Wall Street Journal reported that the two agencies had agreed that the Justice Department would investigate Google, while the FTC would focus on Facebook. The Journal had already reported that the Justice Department was preparing a new Google investigation. The Journal notes that the FTC has already been investigating Facebook on privacy issues but that it "isn't known if the FTC has near-term plans to launch a formal antitrust investigation of Facebook." However, the fact that the FTC obtained Justice Department approval to take the lead on Facebook antitrust issues certainly suggests the agency is taking the issue seriously. Google and Facebook are big companies with many products and technologies, so an antitrust investigation could go in many different directions. Competitors have long argued that Google wrongly uses its dominant search engine to give itself an unfair advantage in other markets. For example, Yelp has argued that Google formats results in a way that gives Google's own user-reviews service more prominent placement in search results than alternatives like Yelp and TripAdvisor. As for Facebook, some critics like Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) have argued that antitrust regulators made a mistake in allowing the social media giant to acquire Instagram and WhatsApp. If these companies had remained independent, they could have become formidable Facebook rivals, and some have advocated that US regulators force Facebook to spin them off. These are just two examples of the many issues that could come up in antitrust investigations. The European Union has already fined Google three times over competition issues, including a $5 billion fine for using the dominance of Android to promote the use of Google's search engine on mobile devices. And there may be a lot more issues still to be explored. Update: Reuters reports that Apple and Amazon were also mentioned in the accord between the agencies, with the Justice Department taking the lead on investigations of Apple, while the FTC will oversee Amazon. We don't know how soon the agencies might begin investigating these companies. | Mid | [
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During the 2008 presidential campaign, Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin warned that if Senator Barack Obama were elected president, his "indecision" and "moral equivalence" may encourage Russia's Vladimir Putin to invade Ukraine. Palin said then: After the Russian Army invaded the nation of Georgia, Senator Obama's reaction was one of indecision and moral equivalence, the kind of response that would only encourage Russia's Putin to invade Ukraine next. For those comments, she was mocked by the high-brow Foreign Policy magazine and its editor Blake Hounshell, who now is one of the editors of Politico magazine. In light of recent events in Ukraine and concerns that Russia is getting its troops ready to cross the border into the neighboring nation, nobody seems to be laughing at or dismissing those comments now. Now consider the following events, all of which were either widely reported, publicly released by officeholders or revealed later in testimony to Congress. These are the dots the media refuse to connect: • Jan. 27, 2010: President Obama criticizes Citizens United in his State of the Union address and asks Congress to "correct" the decision. • Feb. 11, 2010: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D., N.Y.) says he will introduce legislation known as the Disclose Act to place new restrictions on some political activity by corporations and force more public disclosure of contributions to 501(c)(4) organizations. Mr. Schumer says the bill is intended to "embarrass companies" out of exercising the rights recognized in Citizens United. "The deterrent effect should not be underestimated," he said. • Soon after, in March 2010, Mr. Obama publicly criticizes conservative 501(c)(4) organizations engaging in politics. In his Aug. 21 radio address, he warns Americans about "shadowy groups with harmless sounding names" and a "corporate takeover of our democracy." • Sept. 28, 2010: Mr. Obama publicly accuses conservative 501(c)(4) organizations of "posing as not-for-profit, social welfare and trade groups." Max Baucus, then chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, asks the IRS to investigate 501(c)(4)s, specifically citing Americans for Job Security, an advocacy group that says its role is to "put forth a pro-growth, pro-jobs message to the American people." Editor's note: While this email was delivered 'over the transom', I have verified several aspects of the story including the the participants in the lecture series. I have redacted the full name of the original author. Alan Simpson of Simpson-Bowles fame lays out his experience in dealing with the President As you have heard me say before that volunteering at the Bush Center library is a "great gig". I could write about my great experiences daily; but today was one of the highlights, so far… Southern Methodist University has a lecture series called the Tate Lecture Series which has a significant speaker every month from September to May. Last month was Charles Krauthammer and last night was Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson. Tickets to those events are like "hens teeth" and they are passed down from father to son or family to family and has a waiting list of seven years for season tickets for the general public. One of the benefits of these visits is that these folks normally visit the library (after normal hours) while in town. Today's experience was worth a lot. Alan Simpson was the co-author of the Simpson - Bowles Commission appointed by the current president to come up with a plan and path forward to help the nation get back on a sound fiscal footing. It was to include spending limits and controls that would address existing entitlements, a change in tax codes and the abolishment of selected existing tax breaks for special interest groups. Accordingly, It called for a sound fiscal plan that would get us into reasonable balance in 10 years. As everyone knows, Alan Simpson (R) (82) is a retired senator from Wyoming and is known for his "frank" opinions and statements and in some ways seen as eccentric in some of his views. Erskine Bowles (D) (69), who was Chief of Staff in former administrations, is a respected Democrat and was an equal partner in putting this study and report together with supposedly high respect and influence in the Democratic Party. The intent was for the current President to use their report as a road map to fiscal responsibility. This report was issued in 2010 and as quickly dismissed by the president as a non-starter prior to the election of 2012 based on its perceived political impact on his re-election. When I saw Simpson today in the museum, I approached him to welcome him to the museum as a team leader since that is my job for the general public. Normally, VIP's or "celebs" have Foundation escorts during these visits, but in typical Simpson fashion, he wanted to be just another visitor. QOTD: "It [the global warming coalition] is a powerful convergence of interests among a very large number of elites, including politicians who want to make it seem as though they are saving the world, environmentalists who want to raise money and get control over very large issues like our entire energy policy, media for sensationalism, universities and professors for grants – you can’t hardly get a science grant these days without saying it has something to do with Climate Change. It is a kind of nasty combination of extreme political ideology and a religious cult all rolled into one. And it’s take over way too much of our thought process and way too much of our priorities. There are millions of children dying every day from preventable vitamin deficiencies and diseases and we’re spending hundreds of billions of dollars on a problem that may not exist." --Patrick Moore, founder of Greenpeace Thursday, February 27, 2014 Harold Ramis' death on Feb. 24 has left Hollywood's comedy community with a mammoth void, since the writer-director-actor touched the careers of everyone from Bill Murray to Judd Apatow to Jack Black... His passing also has left Sony scrambling to keep Ghostbusters III on track since Ramis, who died at age 69 due to complications from autoimmune inflammatory vasculitis, was to have made a cameo appearance in the film... The sequel's director, Ivan Reitman, is scheduled to meet with Sony production brass in the coming days to assess how to move forward on the project, which is in active development Every Democrat senator up for reelection this November needs to defend this Harry Reid statement during the campaign. This is who the Democrats elected as their Senate leader. This is the person to whom they bow and scrape, acting in lockstep, never thinking for themselves, never breaking ranks, never objecting to the bizarre, insane, hateful drivel secreted from his mouth. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid insulted victims of ObamaCare on Wednesday – and the three major networks didn’t seem to care... Speaking on the Senate floor, the Nevada Democrat lashed out at those whose lives have been hurt by the law [at right]... Those are some inflammatory remarks from Sen. Reid. Yet ABC, NBC, and CBS yawned, failing to mention them on either their Wednesday evening news broadcasts or their Thursday morning shows. ...[A] Fox and Friends segment[, however, did cover Reid's outrageous remarks]: ELISABETH HASSELBECK: Well, certainly yesterday an outrage sort of came after, both on Twitter and on the Senate floor. Harry Reid under great fire for his statements really against Obamacare victims. We’ve been hearing from a lot of them here. CLAYTON MORRIS: Yeah, this isn't the first time that Harry Reid has been sort of the good cop/bad cop playing bad cop for the Obama administration. He did it for Mitt Romney on the taxes thing. He would not let up on that. And it seems now answering the clarion call about all of these issues about these people who are popping up in these ObamaCare ads, these anti-ObamaCare ads. Are these real people out there? Are these real people with real problems? Well, Senator Harry Reid took to the floor yesterday and said these are all fake. Watch. HARRY REID: There's plenty of horror stories being told. All of them are untrue. But in those tales turned out to be just that. Tales. Stories made up from whole cloth. Lies distorted by Republicans to grab headlines or make political advertisements. BRIAN KILMEADE: So Clayton, what you just said, when he came up and brought that thing up about Mitt Romney – ‘oh, by the way, everybody knows Mitt Romney doesn't pay taxes.’ He doesn't even know Mitt Romney. How does – what does he even weigh in on elections for? Unsubstantiated claims. Again, unsubstantiated claims. All made up. Really? Listen. SHANNON WENDT: When I called and found out ours was being canceled, from there trying to kind of work through that healthcare.gov and just running into glitch after glitch, a dozen different glitches just trying to fill out the application. JOSIE GRACCHI: My doctors are no longer available in my network. This is delaying all of my treatment and surgery. Most people that get breast cancer don't wait this long to have a surgery. LAUREN ROBINSON: The premiums wnt through the ceiling when the Affordable Care Act was instated January 1. MATT ROBINSON: Coupled with not being able to afford it, they were not going to cover his physical therapy, which he needs. KILMEADE: By the way, what about the 6.2 million people that lost their policies? Is that made up? Even the president walked back that. I wonder what the millions of Americans who have lost their health coverage think? Not to mention the more than 100 million Americans who will lose coverage next year, as large businesses come under the same mandates as individuals did in 2014. If you have something to say to Harry Reid, please leave it in the comments. I know one of his staffers will be reading, because I see the traffic from the U.S. Senate's network. Several restaurants in a Florida chain are asking customers to help foot the bill for Obamacare. Diners at eight Gator's Dockside casual eateries are finding a 1% Affordable Care Act surcharge on their tabs, which comes to 15 cents on a typical $15 lunch tab. Signs on the door and at tables alert diners to the fee, which is also listed separately on the bill. ..."The costs associated with ACA compliance could ultimately close our doors," the sign reads. "Instead of raising prices on our products to generate the additional revenue needed to cover the costs of ACA compliance, certain Gator's Dockside locations have implemented a 1% surcharge on all food and beverage purchases only." The company employs a total of 500 people, with about half working full-time. Currently only management receives health benefits, but the restaurant will have to offer coverage to all full-timers once the mandate takes effect. The fee will allow the company to continue offering full-time hours to many workers, according to Sandra Clark, the group's director of operations. "I'm just trying to keep the employees I have that I've worked hard to train," Clark said. In addition to the costs of providing health care, the company hired one additional staffer and a consulting firm to make sure it is complying with the law and to assist in the additional tracking of workers' hours and wages required by Obamacare, said Clark... [she] is not sure how much the company is spending on compliance, but estimates that it will cost $500,000 a year to extend insurance to its full-time hourly restaurant workers. The surcharge may bring in about $160,000 a year, she hopes. Remember: this is happening all over the country. Why? Because Democrats hate America. I can prove it: no matter how disastrous their policies, from the "War on Poverty" to Obamacare, they never, ever examine the results and offer improvements. They despise capitalism, they despise free markets, and they despise America. And the hard left radical sixties retreads that now control the Democrat Party are out to destroy the system that they grew up hating. QOTD: "The big government left keeps playing the class warfare card, but even the worst company in the world isn't as larcenously extortionate as the worst politician. Some of the greediest and abusive companies were either created by the government or operate in close partnership with it. HMO's were created by the government. Banks fed off Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac's subsidized mortgages like vultures. Do we really need to go into insurance companies, defense contractors or Sallie Mae. AT&T is considered one of the worst companies in America, and it's also one of the biggest political donors. Is there a connection there? Only that companies close to the government don't need to worry as much about what the public thinks of them. ...American business is looking a lot like Soviet business did, full of companies with contempt for their customers, and an unctuous smile for the government. They know where the money is coming from. And in an era of cut throat price competition, and high labor and regulation costs, it's just easier for them to extract the public's money by going over their heads to the politicians. Don't feel like paying for any of it? It's no longer a free market in which individuals make economic choices, but a collective economy with government fixing prices and then turning around and taking more of your money to pay back the companies to cover the difference. That's how ObamaCare works." --Daniel Greenfield Wednesday, February 26, 2014 A few moments ago, the body was treated to a report from the senator from Iowa about his recent trip to Cuba. Sounded like he had a wonderful trip visiting, what he described as, a real paradise. He bragged about a number of things that he learned on his trip to Cuba that I’d like to address briefly. He bragged about their health care system, medical school is free, doctors are free, clinics are free, their infant mortality rate may be even lower than ours. I wonder if the senator, however, was informed, number one, that the infant mortality rate of Cuba is completely calculated on figures provided by the Cuban government. And, by the way, totalitarian communist regimes don’t have the best history of accurately reporting things. I wonder if he was informed that before Castro, Cuba, by the way, was 13th in the whole world in infant mortality. I wonder if the government officials who hosted him, informed him that in Cuba there are instances reported, including by defectors, that if a child only lives a few hours after birth, they’re not counted as a person who ever lived and therefore don’t count against the mortality rate. I wonder if our visitors to Cuba were informed that in Cuba, any time there is any sort of problem with the child in utero they are strongly encouraged to undergo abortions, and that’s why they have an abortion rate that skyrockets, and some say, is perhaps the highest the world. I heard him also talk about these great doctors that they have in Cuba. I have no doubt they’re very talented. I’ve met a bunch of them. You know where I met them? In the United States because they defected. Because in Cuba, doctors would rather drive a taxi cab or work in a hotel than be a doctor. I wonder if they spoke to him about the outbreak of cholera that they’ve been unable to control, or about the three-tiered system of health care that exists where foreigners and government officials get health care much better than that that’s available to the general population. I also heard him speak about baseball and I know that Cubans love baseball, since my parents were from there and I grew up in a community surrounded by it. He talked about these great baseball players that are coming from Cuba — and they are. But I wonder if they informed him — in fact, I bet you they didn’t talk about those players to him because every single one of those guys playing in the Major Leagues defected. They left Cuba to play here. Carol, in your recent CNN opinion piece, the headline was “Why are we still debating climate change?”. The very first statement in the article that followed was “There is no debate”. The answer to your question is actually right in your own article. I’ll get to that in a bit, please bear with me. I wanted to touch on your claim that there is no debate first. I’d like you to consider the following statement, which I provide with no intent of malice whatsoever, only as a means of making a point. Carol Costello is stupid. There is no debate. Now what would you think if you saw this in print, followed by a long explanation as to what is wrong with people who don’t agree, and a refusal to examine any facts related to the accusation? I imagine you’d be miffed. I imagine also that any examination of the facts would prove me wrong, I seriously doubt that such a statement would stand up to any fair debate of the matter. Which brings me to a question Carol: If the facts supporting Climate Change are so obvious, should not debating the facts of the matter strengthen those facts? Just as you would be eager to prove that you are not, in fact, stupid, should you not be equally as eager to prove your opinion by engaging in factual debate? While you ponder that, and keeping in mind that I did say the answer to your question is in your article and I would get to that, let’s examine the only fact upon which your argument rests, which is that there is a consensus among 97% of scientists. Well Carol, I read that study. Did you? I’m guessing not. The building was gutted by the blaze. Two bodies were found in the rubble, and fourteen people were hospitalized, one of whom died later. Within 72 hours, the building had been pulled down into a heap of rubble by a backhoe. Two days after the blast, before any real investigation occurred — which could never be conducted, anyway, with the potential crime scene destroyed — Greg Boosalis, the supervisory special agent with the FBI in Minneapolis, told the press that there was “no evidence of terrorist activity”. Ever since that day I have been asking the question: How did the FBI know there was no terrorist activity without examining the scene of the explosion? You reach out to your Republican friend who can’t stand Obama, but is basically a nice person, but you know, they watch the wrong newscast... We’re going to make a big push these last few weeks. But as I said, I can talk, my team can talk here in Washington, but it’s not going to make as much of a difference as if you aren’t out there making the case. The work you’re doing is God’s work. It is hard work. You don’t have the prerogative to just go around and say no to everything. You don’t have the prerogative to just be cynical. You don’t think that the country moves forward just on its own. You understand that it happens because ordinary people come together to do some extraordinary things. QOTD: "I don’t mind telling you I was a bit troubled today by the tone of the president. When you have governors, and we all compete against each other–we are the laboratories of innovation–and for the President of the United States to look Democrat and Republican governors in the eye and say, ‘I do not trust you to make decisions in your state about issues of education, about transportation infrastructure,’…that is really troubling. ...As a matter of fact, I heard him (Obama) say in that meeting, ‘If I hear any of you pushing back, making statements about Washington spends too much money, you’ll hear from me.’ If I’m a Democrat governor, if I’m a Republican governor, I’m highly offended by that." --Gov. Rick Perry (R-TX) describing his meeting with President Obama Defense: The U.S. withdrawal from global leadership continues as Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel proposes cutting the Army to its smallest size since before World War II, leaving no replacement except tyrants and chaos. The best analysis of the devastating military cuts ordered by President Obama came from former Vice President Dick Cheney on Monday's "Hannity": "He would much rather spend the money on food stamps than he would on a strong military or support for our troops." Considering the Obama administration has ignored or violated the Constitution in so many ways, we're not surprised that the imperative to provide for the common defense has been reduced to the level of nonessential discretionary spending. Nor are we surprised Secretary Hagel is the messenger delivering this bad news. His views differ sharply from those of his predecessor Leon Panetta, who warned that under Obama's budget cuts and sequestration our military would have "(t)he smallest ground forces since 1940," "a fleet of fewer than 230 ships, the smallest level since 1915," and the "smallest tactical fighter force in the history of the Air Force." Hagel made news in 2011 when he told the Financial Times, after a "trim" of $487 billion from the Pentagon budget, that he wanted even more cuts. "I don't think that our military has really looked at themselves strategically, critically, in a long, long time," Hagel said. Now we know what they mean. Under the new proposal, the Army would drop over the coming years to between 440,000 and 450,000, the lowest level since 1940 prior to our jolting entry into World War II. Carl Spackler: So I jump ship in Hong Kong and I make my way over to Tibet, and I get on as a looper at a course over there in the Himalayas. Angie D'Annunzio: A looper? Carl Spackler: A looper, you know, a caddy, a looper, a jock. So, I tell them I'm a pro jock, and who do you think they give me? The Dalai Lama, himself. Twelfth son of the Lama. The flowing robes, the grace, bald . . . striking. So, I'm on the first tee with him. I give him the driver. He hauls off and whacks one—big hitter, the Lama—long, into a ten-thousand foot crevasse, right at the base of this glacier. You know what the Lama says? Gunga galunga . . . gunga, gunga-lagunga. So we finish the eighteen and he's gonna stiff me. And I say, "Hey, Lama, hey, how about a little something, you know, for the effort, you know." And he says, "Oh, uh, there won't be any money, but when you die, on your deathbed, you will receive total consciousness." So I got that goin' for me, which is nice. QOTD: "“I have not been a strong supporter of Barack Obama, but this [the 2014 massive defense cuts] really is over the top. :It does enormous long-term damage to our military. They act as though it is like highway spending and you can turn it on and off. The fact of the matter is he is having a huge impact on the ability of future presidents to deal with future crises that are bound to arise. [I] think the whole thing is not driven by any change in world circumstances. It is driven by budget considerations. He would much rather spend the money on food stamps than he would on a strong military or support for our troops." --Dick Cheney Monday, February 24, 2014 Scientists say they have observed a record-breaking impact on the Moon. Spanish astronomers spotted a meteorite with a mass of about half a tonne crashing into the lunar surface last September... They say the collision would have generated a flash of light so bright that it would have been visible from Earth. ..."This is the largest, brightest impact we have ever observed on the Moon," said Prof Jose Madiedo, of the University of Huelva in south-western Spain... "The impact we detected lasted over eight seconds... "Usually lunar impacts have a very short duration - just a fraction of a second. But the impact we detected lasted over eight seconds. It was almost as bright as the Pole Star, which makes it the brightest impact event that we have recorded from Earth," said Prof Madiedo. The researchers say a lump of rock weighing about 400kg (900lb) and travelling at 61,000km/h (38,000mph) slammed into the surface of the Moon... They believe the dense mass, which had a width of 0.6-1.4m (2-4.6ft), hit with energy equivalent to about 15 tonnes of TNT... ...Unlike Earth, the Moon has no atmosphere to shield it from meteorite collisions, and its surface shows a record of every strike. The impact is said to have left a crater more than 40 meters wide, or roughly the circumference of Michael Moore, if memory serves. One of the tea-party leaders in Congress believes the days of Rep. John Boehner, R-Ohio, as speaker of the House of Representatives are numbered... Rep. Louie Gohmert, R-Texas, ... predicts Boehner will no longer be speaker “by next January,” regardless of the outcome of the midterm election in November. The Texan doesn’t think it will take a coup to remove Boehner, believing the tide is already moving in that direction, and saying, “I think people are ready for a change.” And Gohmert would see that as a change for the better, because, he says, “We’ve got to have someone who is smart enough to realize” it was (Sen. Majority Leader) Harry Reid (D-Nev.) who shut down the government, not the GOP. That is precisely right. Boehner had a unique opportunity on Leno to sell the conservative vision of opportunity, full employment and less government. Instead, he slouched in his chair, blamed his own party for the shutdown, talked about himself, and -- in general -- exhibited all the charisma of a moldy blanket. In addition to predicting the downfall of Boehner as speaker, Gohmert also [said]: • He believes the majority of GOP voters have tea-party values • He approves of GOP primary challenges to establishment incumbents by conservatives • He suspects the establishment GOP is at war with the tea party because of “fear” • He feels it is realistic to believe a tea-party candidate could win the presidency ...Gohmert described tea parties as the GOP’s natural constituency, taxpayers who are tired of seeing government waste and abuse. ...The lawmaker predicted that if the GOP disenfranchises tea-party voters, they will stay home on Election Day... “Look at 2012,” he said. “You had millions and millions of Americans who were so turned off by an extremely nice, but moderate (GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney) that the Republican establishment put up for us.” Soft-spoken but adamant, Gohmert insisted, “It should be pretty clear by now” that what he called “a very nice moderate like Bob Dole, or a moderate but good man with the Hanoi Hilton in his background, like John McCain, or an extremely nice moderate like Mitt Romney, are not the answer to getting voters out and taking the Senate majority back.” He warned, “I hope they’ll wake up before they ruin the chance of taking the Senate this year.” I encourage you to help Mr. Boehner on his way back to the private sector by supporting conservative Republican J.D. Winteregg for Congress. I'm sure Mr. Boehner's tanning booth operator, liquor purveyor and favorite Speedway cigarette salesman will all appreciate the help. The Ukraine Gun Owners Association wants the new government to add their own right to bear arms to the country's constitution. As of today Ukrainian Gun Owners Association will start to work on the preparation of amendments to the Constitution, which will provide an unconditional right for Ukrainian citizens to bear arms. People gathered in Independence Square in Kiev after President Viktor Yanukovich rejected a European Union trade deal for a $15 billion bailout from Russia in November. It was relatively peaceful for three months, but violence escalated on February 18. Over 70 people died during the week and amateur videos showed snipers shooting at unarmed protesters. People should have the right to bear arms, which will be put in written into the Constitution. Authorities should not and will not be stronger than its people! Armed people are treated with respect! America's founding fathers implemented the Second Amendment because it is a natural right for people to defend themselves. According to GunPolicy.org, Ukraine's gun laws are described as restrictive. The government owns seven million guns while there are only three million guns for private citizens. A citizen must prove they have a legitimate reason to own a firearm. QOTD: "What we’ve seen in the Ukraine is the Government using their powers to arrest and murder civilians who can only respond with gasoline bombs and rocks. The idea is that before some faceless Government bureaucrat orders the troops in they will have to stop and reflect on what they will do if the American population resists. Only when Government is less powerful than the public can freedom exist. And the only way the public can hold more leverage than the Government is if they are armed. If we look through our history books we don’t see many examples of a population destroying itself but we do see numerous examples of a population being destroyed by its Government." --Capitol Commentary Randy Forbes is a lonely man. President Obama’s stewardship of American armed forces has been a dismal failure, yet few on Capitol Hill have waved red flags over it. Forbes, however, has been waving them furiously. The Republican congressman from Virginia recently penned a pointed letter to Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel. It’s a warning shot, discharged in anticipation of the Quadrennial Defense Review, the report the Pentagon must deliver to Congress every four years to layout the long-term plans, concerns and requirements for the armed forces. “The QDR has become an exercise in lowest-common-denominator thinking that fails to light a way forward for our long-term military planning,” Forbes wrote Hagel. The lawmaker fears that the forthcoming QDR will amount to little more than a rubber stamp for slashing military capabilities and lowering readiness. SPRINGFIELD, Ill. — It’s been a parade of disappointment at the Illinois Capitol this month. Public schools, universities, hospitals, doctors, nursing homes, public health advocates and just about anybody else that receives state money have all trudged to the statehouse to be publicly reminded that Illinois will lose more than $1 billion if the 2011 “temporary” income tax increases are allowed to expire. “Should we end up having to cut $1.9 billion out of our revenue stream this year…that would mean every single program mentioned as being of interest to (the Illinois Human Service committee) would have to be cut in its entirety,” state Rep. Greg Harris, D-Chicago, cautioned lawmakers Thursday. It’s not just that the state may take in less in tax dollars. Illinois is also spending more. | Mid | [
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(RNN) - A property dispute turned ugly last month, or hilarious, depending on who you ask. A 72-year-old Florida man chased his neighbor with a tractor and yelled “run, fat a**,” according to WJXT. Howell Morris faces a third-degree felony charge for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon without intent to kill. The victim’s wife recorded the June 19 incident and called 911. Deputies released the audio of the 911 call on Monday. 911 Dispatcher: "And when you say he came after your husband with his tractor, did he chase him down?" 911 Caller: "Yeah. He chased him down on his tractor and my husband had to run, yes." St, John's County Sheriff's deputies reviewed the video and that led to Morris' arrest. He was released the next day after posting bond. Court records show Morris has been ordered not to contact the victim. Copyright 2018 Raycom News network. All rights reserved. | Low | [
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When Columbia House filed for bankruptcy this year, I was mostly surprised the mail-order music brand famous for selling eight CDs for a penny was still around. Not only is the company already back, it’s switching music formats. Columbia House will sell vinyl now. While the rise of digital music sales tanked the company’s original business model, vinyl sales have increased. Does this mean Columbia House is trying to climb back to its ‘90s prominence? Not really. As the Wall Street Journalpoints out, the vinyl market is niche: Sales of vinyl records rose 52% in the first half of 2015, according to the Recording Industry Association of America. The value of those sales now accounts for about a third of shipments of physical music formats. Vinyl, however, still makes up a fraction, about 7%, of the overall music market. This does mean that Columbia House sees potential in a subscription model vinyl service, like a Birchbox for music. We’ll see if the company tries to lure people with absurd promotional prices again, but considering it has two strains of nostalgia to exploit—people who love records and people who love the 90s—maybe this crazy scheme could work. Then again, Amazon exists. | Low | [
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Time Traveler Michelle Thaller is awake to the present. And you know this if you’ve seen any of her videos. Michelle is engaged – like all great scientists – in everything around her, in what’s happening right now. But she’s also a time traveler. During our interview, Michelle explained: “In so many ways, modern science makes you think differently about time. On a basic level, Einstein said that time and space are the same thing, which is not how we experience it. But somehow as a physicist, I feel very connected to events both in the past and in the future. We’re all sort of on this landscape of time that Einstein described.” So sure Michelle’s connected to the past. How much more obvious could it be? She puts on 30 pounds of Elizabethan costuming so she can do Renaissance dances from hundreds of years ago. But when she’s doing her science, it has to be a different story, right? She’s an astronomer – it’s all about the brave new world of the future. The fact is, though, that Michelle often travels to the very same time period… in both her science and her secret life: Time travelers need love too, right? “So, I’m interested in the past, I’m interested in the far future. And somehow as a scientist, these things are very connected. And then there’s also something even more obvious that can be easy to overlook. When you look at things out in space, you see things as they were long ago. And some of the stars in the night’s sky that you’ll see tonight are on the order of 4- or 500 light years away.” And what does that mean? “Some of the light that you’re catching in your eye tonight left it’s point of origin – a star – when Queen Elizabeth I was still on the throne.” Looking through a telescope. Recreating dances from hundreds of years ago. Our time traveler Michelle sees the same light when she does both of these things. Tom Miller is the producer of “Secret Life” and co-editor of the site’s blog. His job involves interviewing scientists and engineers, getting them to tell their amazing stories and occasionally trying to get them to sing. It’s a fantastic gig and Tom is extremely grateful for it. This week, NASA announced that it will partner with the European Space Agency to send a 4,760-pound spacecraft into space to peer out over billions of galaxies in an effort to map and measure the universe. Its purpose: to investigate the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Original funding for "The Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers" was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. | High | [
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Former Indepedent Counsel Ken Starr (left) and former Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson are among those criticizing Liz Cheney and others for attacks on lawyers who represented terrorism suspects. | AP photo composite by POLITICO Republicans scold Liz Cheney A group that includes leading conservative lawyers and policy experts, former Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr and several senior officials of the last Bush administration is denouncing as “shameful” Republican attacks on lawyers who came to the Obama Justice Department after representing suspected terrorists. Senate Republicans have demanded details of the lawyers' past work and Liz Cheney’s group “Keep America Safe” has questioned their “values." A drumbeat of Republican criticism forced the Justice Department reluctantly to identify seven of them last week. But the harshness of the criticism – Keep America Safe labeled a group of them the “Al Qaeda Seven” — has provoked a backlash from across the legal establishment. “We consider these attacks both unjust to the individuals in question and destructive of any attempt to build lasting mechanisms for counterterrorism adjudications,” wrote the 19 lawyers whose names were attached to the statement as of early Monday. The statement cited John Adams’s defense of British soldiers charged in the Boston Massacre to argue that “zealous representation of unpopular clients” is an important American tradition. The attacks on the lawyers “undermine the Justice system more broadly,” they wrote, by “delegitimizing” any system in which accused terrorists have lawyers, whether civilian courts of military tribunals. The letter’s signers include some of the top officials of a Bush Justice Department that wrestled at length with the legal questions surrounding terrorist detentions. The Bush officials clashed repeatedly with some of the detainee lawyers, such as the current deputy Solicitor General, Neal Katyal, whom they are now defending. The signers include former Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson, John Ashcroft’s No. 2, and Peter Keisler, who served as acting attorney general during President Bush’s second term. They also include several lawyers who dealt directly with detainee policy: Matthew Waxman and Charles “Cully” Stimson, who each served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for detainee affairs; Daniel Dell’Orto, who was acting general counsel for the Department of Defense; and Bradford Berenson, a prominent Washington lawyer who worked on the issues as an associate White House counsel during President Bush’s first term. In 2007, Stimson resigned as the Bush administration’s top detainee affairs official after suggesting on a radio show that companies not hire law firms providing pro bono services to detainees. He later apologized. The lawyers’ sharp support for the Democratic appointees reflects, in part, a rift that deepened late in President George W. Bush’s term, in which allies of Vice President Dick Cheney fought pitched battles over the treatment of detainees with lawyers throughout the government seeking to bring terror suspects into a more familiar legal framework. The letter’s other signatories include Philip Zelikow and John Bellinger III, who were top advisers to then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, . Also signing were David Rivkin and Lee Casey, officials in the Justice Department in the first George W. Bush administration. Rivkin and Casey ‘s participation underscores the depth of discomfort with the attacks, as they have been among the most vocal defenders of Bush Administration detainee practices. Last April, for example, they wrote in the Wall Street Journal that the controversial Department of Justice memos widely viewed as justifying harsh treatment in fact “detail the actual techniques used and many measures taken to ensure that interrogations did not cause severe pain or degradation.” Separately, former Bush administration Solicitor General Ted Olson rose to the defense of lawyers representing detainees. He noted, however, that some of those now defending current Justice Department lawyers were “completely silent” in the face of “vicious attacks” on Bush administration lawyers handling terrorism issues. “I of course think it’s entirely appropriate for members of the legal profession to have provided legal services to detainees,” Olson told POLITICO. “It is a part of the responsibility of lawyers and in the finest tradition of the profession to represent unpopular persons who are caught up in the criminal justice system or even in the military justice system. I think that people who do so, do so honorably,” said Olson, whose arguments before the Supreme Court helped win the presidency for George W. Bush in 2000. “But I also think that some of the people being highly critical now of the criticism of the lawyers in the Justice Department, have been completely silent when it came to attacks — vicious attacks — on lawyers in the Department of Justice and the Defense Department who were providing legal assistance and advice to the United States of America during the last administration in connection with the attacks on the United States by terrorists. “So lawyers should be encouraged to provide legal advice conscientiously to their clients. And that goes for people in the Bush administration and the Obama administration.” In 2007, Olson co-authored an article in Legal Times in 2007 expressing similar sentiments about representation of detainees. His co-author was Neal Katyal, one of the current Justice Department lawyers attacked by Cheney. Liz Cheney’s partner in Keep America Safe, Weekly Standard Editor Bill Kristol, wrote Sunday to dispute the notion that his group’s sharp-edged ad constituted an “attack” on the lawyers. His aim, he wrote, was to push for Justice to release their names and to raise “the question of whether former pro bono lawyers for terrorists should be working on detainee policy for the Justice Department.” Other critics have compared the Justice Department appointees to mob lawyers, and argued that while they have a right to defend their clients, they don’t belong in government. Keep America Safe is not alone in raising the issue. And Republican leaders on Capitol Hill believe the attacks are politically effective, exposing what they see as concern for the rights of alleged terrorists outweighing the security of Americans. A senior Republican congressional aide said that the line of attack is likely to broaden as the midterm elections approach. Sen. Charles Grassley (R-Ipwa) has taken the lead in pressing the Justice Department first to reveal the number of its appointees who represented or advocated for detainees and then to confirm their names to Fox News. Fox reported that most of the nine were big-firm lawyers who “played only minor or short-lived roles in advocating for detainees,” a popular pro bono cause at more than half of the country’s large law firms. A few were more prominent. Assistant Attorney General Tony West of the Justice Department’s Civil Division represented John Walker Lindh, the young California man captured among the Taliban early in the war in Afghanistan. Jennifer Daskal, another political appointee at Justice, worked on detainee issues at Human Rights Watch, opposing the Bush Administration’s policies. But the highest profile attorney among the group is Katyal, who represented Salim Hamdan, Osama bin Laden’s driver, in the case in which the Supreme Court declared President Bush’s military tribunals unconstitutional. “The fact that he got 5 votes on the Supreme Court has to count for something,” said Benjamin Wittes, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, who drafted the letter. “There has to be some space to disagree without someone running an ad suggesting you’re an Al Qaeda agent,” he said. Here is the full statement and signatories as of early Monday: The past several days have seen a shameful series of attacks on attorneys in the Department of Justice who, in previous legal practice, either represented Guantanamo detainees or advocated for changes to detention policy. As attorneys, former officials and policy specialists who have worked on detention issues, we consider these attacks both unjust to the individuals in question and destructive of any attempt to build lasting mechanisms for counterterrorism adjudications. The past several days have seen a shameful series of attacks on attorneys in the Department of Justice who, in previous legal practice, either represented Guantanamo detainees or advocated for changes to detention policy. As attorneys, former officials and policy specialists who have worked on detention issues, we consider these attacks both unjust to the individuals in question and destructive of any attempt to build lasting mechanisms for counterterrorism adjudications. The past several days have seen a shameful series of attacks on attorneys in the Department of Justice who, in previous legal practice, either represented Guantanamo detainees or advocated for changes to detention policy. As attorneys, former officials, and policy specialists who have worked on detention issues, we consider these attacks both unjust to the individuals in question and destructive of any attempt to build lasting mechanisms for counterterrorism adjudications. The American tradition of zealous representation of unpopular clients is at least as old as John Adams’s representation of the British soldiers charged in the Boston massacre. People come to serve in the Justice Department with a diverse array of prior private clients; that is one of the department’s strengths. The War on Terror raised any number of novel legal questions, which collectively created a significant role in judicial, executive and legislative forums alike for honorable advocacy on behalf of detainees. In several key cases, detainee advocates prevailed before the Supreme Court. To suggest that the Justice Department should not employ talented lawyers who have advocated on behalf of detainees maligns the patriotism of people who have taken honorable positions on contested questions and demands a uniformity of background and view in government service from which no administration would benefit. Such attacks also undermine the Justice system more broadly. In terrorism detentions and trials alike, defense lawyers are playing, and will continue to play, a key role. Whether one believes in trial by military commission or in federal court, detainees will have access to counsel. Guantanamo detainees likewise have access to lawyers for purposes of habeas review, and the reach of that habeas corpus could eventually extend beyond this population. Good defense counsel is thus key to ensuring that military commissions, federal juries, and federal judges have access to the best arguments and most rigorous factual presentations before making crucial decisions that affect both national security and paramount liberty interests. To delegitimize the role detainee counsel play is to demand adjudications and policymaking stripped of a full record. Whatever systems America develops to handle difficult detention questions will rely, at least some of the time, on an aggressive defense bar; those who take up that function do a service to the system. Benjamin Wittes Robert Chesney Matthew Waxman David Rivkin Lee Casey Philip Bobbitt Peter Keisler Bradford Berenson Kenneth Anderson John Bellinger III Philip Zelikow Kenneth W. Starr Larry Thompson Charles "Cully" D. Stimson Chuck Rosenberg Harvey Rishikoff Orin Kerr Daniel Dell’Orto | High | [
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "dtd/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" manifest="cll.appcache" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>11.11. Event-type abstractors and event contour tenses</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="final.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Complete Lojban Language" /> <link rel="up" href="chapter-abstractions.html" title="Chapter 11. Events, Qualities, Quantities, And Other Vague Words: On Lojban Abstraction" /> <link rel="prev" href="section-sumti-raising.html" title="11.10. Lojban sumti raising" /> <link rel="next" href="section-abstractor-connection.html" title="11.12. Abstractor connection" /> <script xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <meta xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> </head> <body> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Chapter Header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Events, Qualities, Quantities, And Other Vague Words: On Lojban Abstraction</th> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <td width="50%" align="right"> <a accesskey="p" href="section-sumti-raising.html">Prev: Section 11.10</a> </td> <td width="50%" align="left"> <a accesskey="n" href="section-abstractor-connection.html">Next: Section 11.12</a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="toc-link" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Table of Contents</a> </div> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="back-to-info-link" align="center"> <a accesskey="b" href="http://www.lojban.org/cll">Book Info Page</a> </div> <hr xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" /> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"> <div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="section-events-and-contours"></a>11.11. <a id="c11s11"></a>Event-type abstractors and event contour tenses</h2> </div> </div> </div> <p>This section is a logical continuation of <a class="xref" href="section-event-types.html" title="11.3. Types of event abstractions">Section 11.3</a>.</p> <p><a id="idm47461031005120" class="indexterm"></a> There exists a relationship between the four types of events explained in <a class="xref" href="section-event-types.html" title="11.3. Types of event abstractions">Section 11.3</a> and the event contour tense cmavo of selma'o ZAhO. The specific cmavo of NU and of ZAhO are mutually interdefining; the ZAhO contours were chosen to fit the needs of the NU event types and vice versa. Event contours are explained in full in <a class="xref" href="section-event-contours.html" title="10.10. Event contours: ZAhO and re'u">Section 10.10</a>, and only summarized here.</p> <p>The purpose of ZAhO cmavo is to represent the natural portions of an event, such as the beginning, the middle, and the end. They fall into several groups:</p> <div class="itemizedlist"> <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> <li class="listitem"> <p><a id="idm47461031001216" class="indexterm"></a> The cmavo <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030999472" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-puho"><em class="glossterm">pu'o</em></a></em></span>, <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030996976" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-caho"><em class="glossterm">ca'o</em></a></em></span>, and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030994640" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-baho"><em class="glossterm">ba'o</em></a></em></span> represent spans of time: before an event begins, while it is going on, and after it is over, respectively.</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p>The cmavo <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030991216" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-coha"><em class="glossterm">co'a</em></a></em></span>, <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030988688" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-deha"><em class="glossterm">de'a</em></a></em></span>, <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030986320" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-diha"><em class="glossterm">di'a</em></a></em></span>, and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030983952" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohu"><em class="glossterm">co'u</em></a></em></span> represent points of time: the start of an event, the temporary stopping of an event, the resumption of an event after a stop, and the end of an event, respectively. Not all events can have breaks in them, in which case <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030981376" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-deha"><em class="glossterm">de'a</em></a></em></span> and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030979040" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-diha"><em class="glossterm">di'a</em></a></em></span> do not apply.</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p>The cmavo <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030975648" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-mohu"><em class="glossterm">mo'u</em></a></em></span> and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030973312" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-zaho"><em class="glossterm">za'o</em></a></em></span> correspond to <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030970720" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohu"><em class="glossterm">co'u</em></a></em></span> and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030968528" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-baho"><em class="glossterm">ba'o</em></a></em></span> respectively, in the case of those events which have a natural ending point that may not be the same as the actual ending point: <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030965776" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-mohu"><em class="glossterm">mo'u</em></a></em></span> refers to the natural ending point, and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030963344" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-zaho"><em class="glossterm">za'o</em></a></em></span> to the time between the natural ending point and the actual ending point (the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">excessive</span>”</span> or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">superfective</span>”</span> part of the event).</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p>The cmavo <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030959360" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohi"><em class="glossterm">co'i</em></a></em></span> represents an entire event considered as a point-event or achievement.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="indent"> All these cmavo are applicable to events seen as processes and abstracted with <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030955968" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-puhu"><em class="glossterm">pu'u</em></a></em></span>. Only processes have enough internal structure to make all these points and spans of time meaningful.</p> <p><a id="idm47461030953264" class="indexterm"></a> For events seen as states and abstracted with <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030951680" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-zahi"><em class="glossterm">za'i</em></a></em></span>, the meaningful event contours are the spans <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030949248" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-puho"><em class="glossterm">pu'o</em></a></em></span>, <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030946864" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-caho"><em class="glossterm">ca'o</em></a></em></span>, and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030944448" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-baho"><em class="glossterm">ba'o</em></a></em></span>; the starting and ending points <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030941856" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-coha"><em class="glossterm">co'a</em></a></em></span> and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030939664" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohu"><em class="glossterm">co'u</em></a></em></span>, and the achievement contour <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030937072" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohi"><em class="glossterm">co'i</em></a></em></span>. States do not have natural endings distinct from their actual endings. (It is an open question whether states can be stopped and resumed.)</p> <p><a id="idm47461030934688" class="indexterm"></a> For events seen as activities and abstracted with <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030932960" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-zuho"><em class="glossterm">zu'o</em></a></em></span>, the meaningful event contours are the spans <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030930400" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-puho"><em class="glossterm">pu'o</em></a></em></span>, <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030928208" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-caho"><em class="glossterm">ca'o</em></a></em></span>, and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030925792" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-baho"><em class="glossterm">ba'o</em></a></em></span>, and the achievement contour <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030923552" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohi"><em class="glossterm">co'i</em></a></em></span>. Because activities are inherently cyclic and repetitive, the beginning and ending points are not well-defined: you do not know whether an activity has truly begun until it begins to repeat.</p> <p><a id="idm47461030921184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm47461030920176" class="indexterm"></a> For events seen as point-events and abstracted with <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030918720" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-muhe"><em class="glossterm">mu'e</em></a></em></span>, the meaningful event contours are the spans <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030916288" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-puho"><em class="glossterm">pu'o</em></a></em></span> and <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030913856" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-baho"><em class="glossterm">ba'o</em></a></em></span> but not <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030911520" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-caho"><em class="glossterm">ca'o</em></a></em></span> (a point-event has no duration), and the achievement contour <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030909264" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-cohi"><em class="glossterm">co'i</em></a></em></span>.</p> <p>Note that the parts of events are themselves events, and may be treated as such. The points in time may be seen as <span xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><em xml:lang="jbo" class="foreignphrase" lang="jbo"><a id="idm47461030906336" class="indexterm"></a><a class="glossterm" href="go01.html#valsi-muhe"><em class="glossterm">mu'e</em></a></em></span> point-events; the spans of time may constitute processes or activities. Therefore, Lojban allows us to refer to processes within processes, activities within states, and many other complicated abstract things.</p> </div> <hr xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" /> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Chapter Header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Events, Qualities, Quantities, And Other Vague Words: On Lojban Abstraction</th> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <td width="50%" align="right"> <a accesskey="p" href="section-sumti-raising.html">Prev: Section 11.10</a> </td> <td width="50%" align="left"> <a accesskey="n" href="section-abstractor-connection.html">Next: Section 11.12</a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="toc-link" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Table of Contents</a> </div> <div xmlns="" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:docbook="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" class="back-to-info-link" align="center"> <a accesskey="b" href="http://www.lojban.org/cll">Book Info Page</a> </div> </body> </html> | Low | [
0.478696741854636,
23.875,
26
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// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved. // Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information. using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Core; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Interop; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Interop.Ipc; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Proxy; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Proxy.Ipc; using Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Services; namespace Microsoft.Spark.CSharp.Streaming { /// <summary> /// DStream representing the stream of data generated by `mapWithState` operation on a pair DStream. /// Additionally, it also gives access to the stream of state snapshots, that is, the state data of all keys after a batch has updated them. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="K">Type of the key</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="V">Type of the value</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state data</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="M">Type of the mapped data</typeparam> [Serializable] public class MapWithStateDStream<K, V, S, M> : DStream<M> { internal DStream<Tuple<K, S>> snapshotsDStream; internal MapWithStateDStream(DStream<M> mappedDataDStream, DStream<Tuple<K, S>> snapshotsDStream) : base(mappedDataDStream.DStreamProxy, mappedDataDStream.streamingContext) { this.snapshotsDStream = snapshotsDStream; } /// <summary> /// Return a pair DStream where each RDD is the snapshot of the state of all the keys. /// </summary> public DStream<Tuple<K, S>> StateSnapshots() { return snapshotsDStream; } } /// <summary> /// Class to hold a state instance and the timestamp when the state is updated or created. /// No need to explicitly make this class clonable, since the serialization and deserialization in Worker is already a kind of clone mechanism. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state data</typeparam> [Serializable] internal class KeyedState<S> { internal S state; internal long ticks; internal KeyedState() { } internal KeyedState(S state, long ticks) { this.state = state; this.ticks = ticks; } } /// <summary> /// Record storing the keyed-state MapWithStateRDD. /// Each record contains a stateMap and a sequence of records returned by the mapping function of MapWithState. /// Note: don't need to explicitly make this class clonable, since the serialization and deserialization in Worker is already a kind of clone. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="K">Type of the key</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state data</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="M">Type of the mapped data</typeparam> [Serializable] internal class MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M> { internal Dictionary<K, KeyedState<S>> stateMap = new Dictionary<K, KeyedState<S>>(); internal List<M> mappedData = new List<M>(); public MapWithStateRDDRecord() { } public MapWithStateRDDRecord(long t, IEnumerable<Tuple<K, S>> iter) { foreach (var p in iter) { stateMap[p.Item1] = new KeyedState<S>(p.Item2, t); } } } /// <summary> /// Helper class to update states for a RDD partition. /// Reference: https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/master/streaming/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/streaming/rdd/MapWithStateRDD.scala /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="K">Type of the key</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="V">Type of the value</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state data</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="M">Type of the mapped data</typeparam> [Serializable] internal class UpdateStateHelper<K, V, S, M> { [NonSerialized] private readonly ILoggerService logger = LoggerServiceFactory.GetLogger(typeof(UpdateStateHelper<K, V, S, M>)); private readonly Func<K, V, State<S>, M> f; private readonly long ticks; private readonly bool removeTimedoutData; private readonly TimeSpan idleDuration; internal UpdateStateHelper(Func<K, V, State<S>, M> f, long ticks, bool removeTimedoutData, TimeSpan idleDuration) { this.f = f; this.ticks = ticks; this.removeTimedoutData = removeTimedoutData; this.idleDuration = idleDuration; } internal IEnumerable<dynamic> Execute(int pid, IEnumerable<dynamic> iter) { var enumerator = iter.GetEnumerator(); var preStateRddRecord = GetStateRecord(enumerator); var stateRddRecord = preStateRddRecord; while (enumerator.MoveNext()) { Tuple<K, V> kv = enumerator.Current; KeyedState<S> keyedState; State<S> wrappedState = stateRddRecord.stateMap.TryGetValue(kv.Item1, out keyedState) ? new State<S>(keyedState.state) : new State<S>(default(S)); var mappedData = default(M); try { mappedData = f(kv.Item1, kv.Item2, wrappedState); } catch (Exception e) { logger.LogException(e); } stateRddRecord.mappedData.Add(mappedData); if (wrappedState.removed) { stateRddRecord.stateMap.Remove(kv.Item1); } else if (wrappedState.updated || wrappedState.defined) { stateRddRecord.stateMap[kv.Item1] = new KeyedState<S>(wrappedState.state, ticks); } } // Get the timed out state records, call the mapping function on each and collect the data returned if (removeTimedoutData) { long timeoutThresholdInTicks = ticks - idleDuration.Ticks; var toBeRemovedKeys = new List<K>(); foreach (KeyValuePair<K, KeyedState<S>> entry in stateRddRecord.stateMap) { if (entry.Value.ticks >= timeoutThresholdInTicks) continue; var timingOutstate = new State<S>(entry.Value.state, true); var mappedData = default(M); try { mappedData = f(entry.Key, default(V), timingOutstate); } catch (Exception e) { logger.LogException(e); } stateRddRecord.mappedData.Add(mappedData); toBeRemovedKeys.Add(entry.Key); } foreach (var k in toBeRemovedKeys) { stateRddRecord.stateMap.Remove(k); } } return new []{stateRddRecord}; } internal MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M> GetStateRecord(IEnumerator<dynamic> enumerator) { if (enumerator.MoveNext()) { return enumerator.Current; } throw new InvalidOperationException("MapWithStateRDDRecord is missing."); } } [Serializable] internal class MapWithStateHelper<K, V, S, M> { private static readonly DateTime UnixTimeEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc); private readonly Func<double, RDD<dynamic>, RDD<dynamic>> prevFunc; private readonly StateSpec<K, V, S, M> stateSpec; internal MapWithStateHelper(Func<double, RDD<dynamic>, RDD<dynamic>> prevF, StateSpec<K, V, S, M> stateSpec) { prevFunc = prevF; this.stateSpec = stateSpec; } internal RDD<dynamic> Execute(double t, RDD<dynamic> stateRDD, RDD<dynamic> valuesRDD) { long ticks = UnixTimeEpoch.AddMilliseconds(t).Ticks; if (prevFunc != null) { valuesRDD = prevFunc(t, valuesRDD); } var values = valuesRDD.ConvertTo<Tuple<K, V>>().PartitionBy(stateSpec.numPartitions); if (stateRDD == null) { if (stateSpec.initialState != null) { if (stateSpec.initialState.sparkContext == null) { stateSpec.initialState.sparkContext = valuesRDD.sparkContext; } var partitionedInitialState = stateSpec.initialState.PartitionBy(stateSpec.numPartitions); stateRDD = partitionedInitialState.MapPartitions(new MapWithStateMapPartitionHelper<K, V, S, M>(ticks).Execute, true).ConvertTo<dynamic>(); } else { stateRDD = values.PartitionBy(stateSpec.numPartitions).MapPartitions(new MapWithStateMapPartitionHelper<K, V, S, M>(ticks).ExecuteWithoutInitialState, true).ConvertTo<dynamic>(); } } bool removeTimedoutData = stateSpec.idleDuration.Ticks != 0 && stateRDD.IsCheckpointed; stateRDD.partitioner = values.partitioner; RDD<dynamic> union = stateRDD.Union(values.ConvertTo<dynamic>()); return union.MapPartitionsWithIndex(new UpdateStateHelper<K, V, S, M>(stateSpec.mappingFunction, ticks, removeTimedoutData, stateSpec.idleDuration).Execute, true); } } [Serializable] internal class MapWithStateMapPartitionHelper<K, V, S, M> { internal long ticks; internal MapWithStateMapPartitionHelper(long ticks) { this.ticks = ticks; } internal IEnumerable<MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M>> Execute(IEnumerable<Tuple<K, S>> iter) { return new[] {new MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M>(ticks, iter)}; } internal IEnumerable<MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M>> ExecuteWithoutInitialState(IEnumerable<Tuple<K, V>> iter) { return new[] { new MapWithStateRDDRecord<K, S, M>() }; } } /// <summary> /// Representing all the specifications of the DStream transformation `mapWithState` operation. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="K">Type of the key</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="V">Type of the value</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state data</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="M">Type of the mapped data</typeparam> [Serializable] public class StateSpec<K, V, S, M> { internal Func<K, V, State<S>, M> mappingFunction; internal int numPartitions; internal TimeSpan idleDuration = TimeSpan.FromTicks(0); internal RDD<Tuple<K, S>> initialState = null; /// <summary> /// Create a StateSpec for setting all the specifications of the `mapWithState` operation on a pair DStream. /// </summary> /// <param name="mappingFunction">The function applied on every data item to manage the associated state and generate the mapped data</param> public StateSpec(Func<K, V, State<S>, M> mappingFunction) { this.mappingFunction = mappingFunction; } /// <summary> /// Set the number of partitions by which the state RDDs generated by `mapWithState` will be partitioned. /// Hash partitioning will be used. /// </summary> /// <param name="numPartitions">The number of partitions</param> /// <returns>The new StateSpec object</returns> public StateSpec<K, V, S, M> NumPartitions(int numPartitions) { this.numPartitions = numPartitions; return this; } /// <summary> /// Set the duration after which the state of an idle key will be removed. A key and its state is /// considered idle if it has not received any data for at least the given duration. The /// mapping function will be called one final time on the idle states that are going to be /// removed; [[org.apache.spark.streaming.State State.isTimingOut()]] set to `true` in that call. /// </summary> /// <param name="idleDuration">The idle time of duration</param> /// <returns>The new StateSpec object</returns> public StateSpec<K, V, S, M> Timeout(TimeSpan idleDuration) { this.idleDuration = idleDuration; return this; } /// <summary> /// Set the RDD containing the initial states that will be used by mapWithState /// </summary> /// <param name="initialState">The given initial state</param> /// <returns>The new StateSpec object</returns> public StateSpec<K, V, S, M> InitialState(RDD<Tuple<K, S>> initialState) { this.initialState = initialState; return this; } } /// <summary> /// class for getting and updating the state in mapping function used in the `mapWithState` operation /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="S">Type of the state</typeparam> [Serializable] public class State<S> { internal S state = default(S); [NonSerialized] internal bool defined = false; [NonSerialized] internal bool timingOut = false; // FIXME: set timingOut to true for those timeouted keys [NonSerialized] internal bool updated = false; [NonSerialized] internal bool removed = false; internal State(S state, bool timingOut = false) { this.state = state; this.timingOut = timingOut; removed = false; updated = false; if (!timingOut) { defined = !ReferenceEquals(null, state); } else { defined = true; } } /// <summary> /// Returns whether the state already exists /// </summary> /// <returns>true, if the state already exists; otherwise, false.</returns> public bool Exists() { return defined; } /// <summary> /// Gets the state if it exists, otherwise it will throw ArgumentException. /// </summary> /// <returns>The state</returns> /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">ArgumentException if it does not exist.</exception> public S Get() { if (defined) { return state; } throw new ArgumentException("State is not set"); } /// <summary> /// Updates the state with a new value. /// </summary> /// <param name="newState">The new state</param> /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">ArgumentException if the state already be removed or timing out</exception> public void Update(S newState) { if (removed || timingOut) { throw new ArgumentException("Cannot update the state that is timing out or has been removed."); } state = newState; defined = true; updated = true; } /// <summary> /// Removes the state if it exists. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">ArgumentException if the state already be removed or timing out</exception> public void Remove() { if (removed || timingOut) { throw new ArgumentException("Cannot update the state that is timing out or has already been removed."); } defined = false; updated = false; removed = true; } /// <summary> /// Returns whether the state is timing out and going to be removed by the system after the current batch. /// </summary> /// <returns>true, if it is timing out; otherwise, false.</returns> public bool IsTimingOut() { return timingOut; } } } | Mid | [
0.556263269639065,
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// RootFolder.cpp #include "../../../Common/MyWindows.h" #include <ShlObj.h> #include "../../../Common/StringConvert.h" #include "../../../Windows/DLL.h" #include "../../../Windows/FileName.h" #include "../../../Windows/PropVariant.h" #include "../../PropID.h" #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(UNDER_CE) #define USE_WIN_PATHS #endif static const unsigned kNumRootFolderItems = #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS 4 #else 1 #endif ; #include "FSFolder.h" #include "LangUtils.h" #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS #include "NetFolder.h" #include "FSDrives.h" #include "AltStreamsFolder.h" #endif #include "RootFolder.h" #include "SysIconUtils.h" #include "resource.h" using namespace NWindows; static const Byte kProps[] = { kpidName }; UString RootFolder_GetName_Computer(int &iconIndex) { #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS iconIndex = GetIconIndexForCSIDL(CSIDL_DRIVES); #else GetRealIconIndex(FSTRING_PATH_SEPARATOR, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY, iconIndex); #endif return LangString(IDS_COMPUTER); } UString RootFolder_GetName_Network(int &iconIndex) { iconIndex = GetIconIndexForCSIDL(CSIDL_NETWORK); return LangString(IDS_NETWORK); } UString RootFolder_GetName_Documents(int &iconIndex) { iconIndex = GetIconIndexForCSIDL(CSIDL_PERSONAL); return LangString(IDS_DOCUMENTS); } enum { ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER = 0 #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS , ROOT_INDEX_DOCUMENTS , ROOT_INDEX_NETWORK , ROOT_INDEX_VOLUMES #endif }; #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS static const wchar_t *kVolPrefix = L"\\\\."; #endif void CRootFolder::Init() { _names[ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER] = RootFolder_GetName_Computer(_iconIndices[ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER]); #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS _names[ROOT_INDEX_DOCUMENTS] = RootFolder_GetName_Documents(_iconIndices[ROOT_INDEX_DOCUMENTS]); _names[ROOT_INDEX_NETWORK] = RootFolder_GetName_Network(_iconIndices[ROOT_INDEX_NETWORK]); _names[ROOT_INDEX_VOLUMES] = kVolPrefix; _iconIndices[ROOT_INDEX_VOLUMES] = GetIconIndexForCSIDL(CSIDL_DRIVES); #endif } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::LoadItems() { Init(); return S_OK; } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::GetNumberOfItems(UInt32 *numItems) { *numItems = kNumRootFolderItems; return S_OK; } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::GetProperty(UInt32 itemIndex, PROPID propID, PROPVARIANT *value) { NCOM::CPropVariant prop; switch (propID) { case kpidIsDir: prop = true; break; case kpidName: prop = _names[itemIndex]; break; } prop.Detach(value); return S_OK; } typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SHGetSpecialFolderPathWp)(HWND hwnd, LPWSTR pszPath, int csidl, BOOL fCreate); typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SHGetSpecialFolderPathAp)(HWND hwnd, LPSTR pszPath, int csidl, BOOL fCreate); UString GetMyDocsPath() { UString us; WCHAR s[MAX_PATH + 1]; SHGetSpecialFolderPathWp getW = (SHGetSpecialFolderPathWp) #ifdef UNDER_CE My_GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("coredll.dll")), "SHGetSpecialFolderPath"); #else My_GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("shell32.dll")), "SHGetSpecialFolderPathW"); #endif if (getW && getW(0, s, CSIDL_PERSONAL, FALSE)) us = s; #ifndef _UNICODE else { SHGetSpecialFolderPathAp getA = (SHGetSpecialFolderPathAp) ::GetProcAddress(::GetModuleHandleA("shell32.dll"), "SHGetSpecialFolderPathA"); CHAR s2[MAX_PATH + 1]; if (getA && getA(0, s2, CSIDL_PERSONAL, FALSE)) us = GetUnicodeString(s2); } #endif NFile::NName::NormalizeDirPathPrefix(us); return us; } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::BindToFolder(UInt32 index, IFolderFolder **resultFolder) { *resultFolder = NULL; CMyComPtr<IFolderFolder> subFolder; #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS if (index == ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER || index == ROOT_INDEX_VOLUMES) { CFSDrives *fsDrivesSpec = new CFSDrives; subFolder = fsDrivesSpec; fsDrivesSpec->Init(index == ROOT_INDEX_VOLUMES); } else if (index == ROOT_INDEX_NETWORK) { CNetFolder *netFolderSpec = new CNetFolder; subFolder = netFolderSpec; netFolderSpec->Init(0, 0, _names[ROOT_INDEX_NETWORK] + WCHAR_PATH_SEPARATOR); } else if (index == ROOT_INDEX_DOCUMENTS) { UString s = GetMyDocsPath(); if (!s.IsEmpty()) { NFsFolder::CFSFolder *fsFolderSpec = new NFsFolder::CFSFolder; subFolder = fsFolderSpec; RINOK(fsFolderSpec->Init(us2fs(s))); } } #else if (index == ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER) { NFsFolder::CFSFolder *fsFolder = new NFsFolder::CFSFolder; subFolder = fsFolder; fsFolder->InitToRoot(); } #endif else return E_INVALIDARG; *resultFolder = subFolder.Detach(); return S_OK; } static bool AreEqualNames(const UString &path, const wchar_t *name) { unsigned len = MyStringLen(name); if (len > path.Len() || len + 1 < path.Len()) return false; if (len + 1 == path.Len() && path[len] != WCHAR_PATH_SEPARATOR) return false; return path.IsPrefixedBy(name); } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::BindToFolder(const wchar_t *name, IFolderFolder **resultFolder) { *resultFolder = 0; UString name2 = name; name2.Trim(); if (name2.IsEmpty()) { CRootFolder *rootFolderSpec = new CRootFolder; CMyComPtr<IFolderFolder> rootFolder = rootFolderSpec; rootFolderSpec->Init(); *resultFolder = rootFolder.Detach(); return S_OK; } for (unsigned i = 0; i < kNumRootFolderItems; i++) if (AreEqualNames(name2, _names[i])) return BindToFolder((UInt32)i, resultFolder); #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS if (AreEqualNames(name2, L"My Documents") || AreEqualNames(name2, L"Documents")) return BindToFolder((UInt32)ROOT_INDEX_DOCUMENTS, resultFolder); #else if (name2 == WSTRING_PATH_SEPARATOR) return BindToFolder((UInt32)ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER, resultFolder); #endif if (AreEqualNames(name2, L"My Computer") || AreEqualNames(name2, L"Computer")) return BindToFolder((UInt32)ROOT_INDEX_COMPUTER, resultFolder); if (name2 == WSTRING_PATH_SEPARATOR) { CMyComPtr<IFolderFolder> subFolder = this; *resultFolder = subFolder.Detach(); return S_OK; } if (name2.Len() < 2) return E_INVALIDARG; CMyComPtr<IFolderFolder> subFolder; #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS if (name2.IsPrefixedBy(kVolPrefix)) { CFSDrives *folderSpec = new CFSDrives; subFolder = folderSpec; folderSpec->Init(true); } else if (name2 == NFile::NName::kSuperPathPrefix) { CFSDrives *folderSpec = new CFSDrives; subFolder = folderSpec; folderSpec->Init(false, true); } else if (name2.Back() == ':') { NAltStreamsFolder::CAltStreamsFolder *folderSpec = new NAltStreamsFolder::CAltStreamsFolder; subFolder = folderSpec; if (folderSpec->Init(us2fs(name2)) != S_OK) return E_INVALIDARG; } else #endif { NFile::NName::NormalizeDirPathPrefix(name2); NFsFolder::CFSFolder *fsFolderSpec = new NFsFolder::CFSFolder; subFolder = fsFolderSpec; if (fsFolderSpec->Init(us2fs(name2)) != S_OK) { #ifdef USE_WIN_PATHS if (name2[0] == WCHAR_PATH_SEPARATOR) { CNetFolder *netFolderSpec = new CNetFolder; subFolder = netFolderSpec; netFolderSpec->Init(name2); } else #endif return E_INVALIDARG; } } *resultFolder = subFolder.Detach(); return S_OK; } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::BindToParentFolder(IFolderFolder **resultFolder) { *resultFolder = 0; return S_OK; } IMP_IFolderFolder_Props(CRootFolder) STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::GetFolderProperty(PROPID propID, PROPVARIANT *value) { NCOM::CPropVariant prop; switch (propID) { case kpidType: prop = "RootFolder"; break; case kpidPath: prop = ""; break; } prop.Detach(value); return S_OK; } STDMETHODIMP CRootFolder::GetSystemIconIndex(UInt32 index, Int32 *iconIndex) { *iconIndex = _iconIndices[index]; return S_OK; } | Mid | [
0.558415841584158,
35.25,
27.875
] |
53 F.Supp.2d 1101 (1999) ENCORE PRODUCTIONS, INC., Plaintiff, v. PROMISE KEEPERS, Michael Whalen d/b/a Whalen & Associates, Inc., Defendants. No. Civ.A. 99-B-14. United States District Court, D. Colorado. June 30, 1999. *1102 *1103 *1104 *1105 *1106 Dennis W. Brown, Ellen Rubright Ivy, Baldwin & Brown, P.C., Denver, CO, Howard M. Wood, III, Phelon, FitzGerald & Wood, P.C., Manchester, CT, for plaintiff. Brent E. Rychener, Ashley W. Jordaan, Holme Roberts & Owen, LLP, Colorado Springs, CO, for defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER BABCOCK, District Judge. Asserting application of an arbitration clause, Defendant, Promise Keepers ("PK"), moves to dismiss this action pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, or, in the alternative, to stay it pending arbitration. Defendant, Michael Whalen, moves to dismiss this action pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) for lack of personal jurisdiction. The motions are fully briefed and heard. For the reasons set forth below, I grant PK's motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1), and I grant Mr. Whalen's motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2). I. The following alleged facts are taken from the Plaintiff's Complaint, unless otherwise noted. Plaintiff, Encore Productions, Inc. ("Encore"), is an Indiana corporation with its principal place of business in Indiana. PK is a non-profit Colorado corporation with its principal place of business in Denver, Colorado. Mr. Whalen is a resident and domiciliary of Georgia with his principal place of business in Georgia. Diversity jurisdiction is asserted pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. (Complaint, ¶ 4). PK is in the business of conducting Christian meetings and conferences for men in stadiums and arenas throughout the United States. On April 18, 1997, PK and Encore entered into a contract designated Encore! Productions, Inc. Service Contract for Promise Keepers Men's Conferences 1997 ("Service Contract") in which Encore would provide production and consulting services in connection with the meetings and conferences conducted by PK. Paragraph 18 of the Service Contract contains the following mediation/arbitration provision: Any claim or dispute arising from or related to this Agreement shall be settled by mediation and, if necessary, legally binding arbitration, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure for Christian Conciliation of the Institute for Christian Conciliation. Such arbitration shall be held in Colorado unless otherwise agreed by both parties. Judgment upon an arbitration award may be entered in any court otherwise having jurisdiction. (Service Contract, ¶ 18). The Service Contract also contains the following choice of law provision: This Agreement shall be governed, construed, and interpreted under the laws of the State of Colorado. Venue on any dispute arising from this Agreement shall be at Arapahoe County, Colorado, unless otherwise agreed by both parties. (Service Contract, ¶ 22). After entering into the Service Contract, Encore subcontracted with Mr. Whalen *1107 d/b/a Whalen Associates, Inc. to provide production and stage management services for certain PK conferences in 1997 (the "Subcontract"). The Subcontract contains both a confidentiality agreement and an agreement by Mr. Whalen not to compete with Encore in soliciting business with PK for two years from the termination of the agreement. The Subcontract also contains a choice of law provision which reads, "[t]his agreement shall be construed pursuant to the laws of the State of Indiana." (Subcontract, ¶ 10). Encore alleges that, beginning in March 1998, "PK and Whalen conspired to terminate Encore's service contract ... and Whalen began sharing confidential information concerning Encore's policies, procedures, methods and pricing, in violation of [the Subcontract]." (Complaint, ¶ 19). On July 24, 1998, Encore and PK entered into an agreement (the "Termination Agreement") terminating the Service Contract for mutual financial reasons upon certain conditions, among which were that: PK would not violate the terms of any valid non-compete agreement Mr. Whalen had with Encore; Encore would work for PK through the remaining stadium events; and outstanding financial issues would be finalized for 1997 within sixty days from the Termination Agreement and for 1998 within sixty days following the last stadium event. Encore alleges that in September of 1998, PK wrongfully terminated the Service Contract in regard to all future events. Encore further alleges that PK wrongfully retained Mr. Whalen to perform services in violation of the Service Contract, Termination Agreement, and Subcontract. Encore filed suit in this court on January 6, 1999, alleging the following seven claims for relief against the respective Defendants in this action: (1) Interference with Contracts by Whalen; (2) Interference with Contracts by PK; (3) Unfair Misappropriation of Business Value by PK and Whalen; (4) Unfair Trade Practices by PK and Whalen; (5) Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing by PK and Whalen; (6) Breach of Contract PK; and (7) Civil Conspiracy by PK and Whalen. PK then moved to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction based on the arbitration clause, or, in the alternative, to stay proceedings pending arbitration pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 3 (the "FAA"). Mr. Whalen moved to dismiss the action against him pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) for lack of personal jurisdiction. II. Rule 12(b)(1) empowers a court to dismiss a complaint for "lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter." In response to a Rule 12(b)(1) motion, the district court has wide discretion to consider affidavits, documents, and even hold a limited evidentiary hearing. See Holt v. United States, 46 F.3d 1000, 1003 (10th Cir.1995); Morrison v. Colorado Permanente Medical Group, P.C., 983 F.Supp. 937, 939 (D.Colo. 1997). Both parties to this Rule 12(b)(1) motion have submitted supporting exhibits, all of which I have considered in my ruling. As courts of limited jurisdiction, federal courts may only adjudicate cases that the Constitution and Congress have granted them authority to hear. See Todd Holding Co., Inc. v. Super Valu Stores, Inc., 744 F.Supp. 1025, 1026 (D.Colo.1990). The burden of establishing subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction is on the party asserting jurisdiction. See Basso v. Utah Power and Light Co., 495 F.2d 906, 909 (10th Cir.1974); Behagen v. Amateur Basketball Ass'n, 744 F.2d 731, 733 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1010, 105 S.Ct. 1879, 85 L.Ed.2d 171, (1985). When a party moves to dismiss a pleading because the pleading does not establish sufficient *1108 grounds for the court's jurisdiction, whether the district court has jurisdiction "must be determined from the allegations of fact in the complaint, without regard to mere conclusionary allegations of jurisdiction." Groundhog v. Keeler, 442 F.2d 674, 677 (10th Cir.1971). III. A. Here, Encore has placed in issue the existence of a valid arbitration clause by claiming that the subsequent Termination Agreement superseded the original Service Contract and, therefore, disposed of the arbitration clause. When a dispute concerns whether there is a valid and enforceable arbitration clause in the first instance, there is no presumption of arbitrability on this initial issue. See Riley Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. Anchor Glass Container Corp., 157 F.3d 775, 779 (10th Cir.1998). The court will have jurisdiction to determine initially the existence of a valid arbitration clause unless there is "clear and unmistakable evidence" within the four corners of the agreement that the parties intended to submit to an arbitrator the question of whether an agreement to arbitrate exists. Id. at 780. Although the arbitration clause in this case is written broadly, referencing "any claim or dispute arising from or related to this Agreement," there is nothing in the contract that demonstrates the parties' intent to submit to an arbitrator the threshold question of whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or remained in existence after the later agreement. (Service Contract, ¶ 18). Thus, I must resolve the initial question of arbitrability. See Riley, 157 F.3d at 781. B. Encore argues that the arbitration clause in the Service Contract no longer holds any force or effect in the face of the Termination Agreement, claiming that PK "waived its rights to Christian Conciliation when it entered the new contract on July 24, 1998." (Encore's Objection to PK's Motion to Dismiss or Stay Proceedings, p. 2). The question then is whether the Termination Agreement supersedes the arbitration provision in the Service Contract, making it ineffective to force arbitration. The Termination Agreement speaks only to the termination of the arrangement between PK and Encore and the additional conditions submitted by Encore. These conditions, as discussed above, refer to termination, the non-compete agreement with Mr. Whalen, the remaining stadium events that Encore agreed to service, and the finalization of the remaining financial issues. The Termination Agreement does not address any new arbitration clause, nor does it discuss the status of the arbitration clause in the previous Service Contract. Under the federal common law of arbitrability, an arbitration provision in a contract is held to survive the termination of that contract unless there is clear evidence that the parties intended to override this presumption. See Nolde Bros., Inc. v. Local No. 358, Bakery and Confectionery Workers Union, 430 U.S. 243, 255, 97 S.Ct. 1067, 51 L.Ed.2d 300 (1977) ("where the dispute is over a provision of the expired agreement, the presumptions favoring arbitrability must be negated expressly or by clear implication."); Riley, 157 F.3d at 781. Even if the Termination Agreement effectively terminated the entire Service Contract, including its arbitration provision, "when a dispute arises under an expired contract that contained a broad arbitration provision, courts must presume that the parties intended to arbitrate their dispute. This is so even if the facts of the dispute occurred after the contract expired." Riley, 157 F.3d at 781; see also Hinson v. Jusco Co., 868 F.Supp. 145, 148 (D.S.C. 1994) (the subsequent agreement did not supersede the arbitration clause and the dispute, "whether said to have arisen under the [subsequent agreement], the [original agreement containing the arbitration *1109 clause], or some mixture of the two, is within the scope of the arbitration clause contained in the [original contract]"). This presumption in favor of continuing arbitrability can be rebutted if the parties express or clearly imply an intent to repudiate arbitrability, or, if the dispute cannot be said to arise under the original contract. See id. The Termination Agreement in this case has no express language regarding arbitration and no clear showing of an implied intent to repudiate the arbitration clause in the Service Contract. Although Encore has submitted supplemental documents showing PK's attempt to expressly retain Christian Conciliation in the Termination Agreement, which language was ultimately rejected by Encore, this is not enough for the required showing of a clear intent to repudiate the agreement to arbitrate disputes. Even though the suggested language was removed, the remaining language of the effective Termination Agreement of July 24, 1998, includes no language negating the intent to arbitrate under the original Service Contract. See, e.g., United Steelworkers of America v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co., 363 U.S. 574, 585, 80 S.Ct. 1347, 4 L.Ed.2d 1409 (1960) ("In the absence of any express provision excluding a particular grievance from arbitration, we think only the most forceful evidence of a purpose to exclude the claim from arbitration can prevail, particularly where, as here, the exclusion clause is vague and the arbitration clause quite broad.") Furthermore, as discussed below, the claims in this matter arise under or relate to the original Service Contract. Although the Termination Agreement purports to "terminate" the contract between the parties, the Tenth Circuit holds that if a subsequent agreement had intended to extinguish an entire previous agreement, it would be expected to do so explicitly. Riley, 157 F.3d at 783. I conclude that the Termination Agreement did not supersede the arbitration provision in the original Service Contract. Although Encore has not argued that PK's claims do not relate to the Service Contract, out of an abundance of caution I will address whether Encore's claims are within the scope of the original arbitration provision. C. As noted above, Encore makes a total of seven claims for relief in its Complaint against Defendants Whalen and PK; six of these claims are directed at PK. As to the scope of arbitrability, the question is whether the claims implicating PK "arise under" or "relate to" the Service Contract. See Riley, 157 F.3d at 785. The arbitration clause in the Service Contract states that it covers "any claim or dispute arising from or related to this Agreement." (Service Contract, ¶ 18). Webster's dictionary defines "relation" as "a logical connection." WEBSTER'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY at 1916. I will evaluate, therefore, whether the claims brought by Encore against PK are related or logically connected to the original Service Contract. Consideration of the scope of the arbitration must be in light of the federal policy surrounding the enforcement of arbitration agreements. Because the Service Contract clearly involves commerce as defined by the FAA, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-2 (1994), the scope of the Service Contract's arbitration clause is a question of federal law. See Southland Corp. v. Keating, 465 U.S. 1, 10-13, 104 S.Ct. 852, 79 L.Ed.2d 1 (1984). A strong federal policy favoring arbitration for dispute resolution exists, and this policy "requires a liberal reading of arbitration agreements." Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 23 n. 27, 103 S.Ct. 927, 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983). This means that any doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration. See id. at 24-25, 103 S.Ct. 927; Coors Brewing Co. v. Molson Breweries, 51 F.3d 1511, 1514 *1110 (10th Cir.1995) ("all doubts are to be resolved in favor of arbitrability") (citations omitted). District courts must defer to arbitration "unless it may be said with positive assurance that the arbitration clause is not susceptible of an interpretation that covers the asserted dispute ... doubts should be resolved in favor of coverage." United Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co., 363 U.S. 574, 582-583, 80 S.Ct. 1347, 4 L.Ed.2d 1409 (1960). With this policy in mind, I conclude that the claims brought against PK are subject to arbitration and, thus, I grant PK's Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2). I will discuss each claim in turn. Encore's first claim for relief against PK is one for interference with contract. (Complaint, ¶¶ 32-36). Encore alleges that PK knew of Encore's contract with Mr. Whalen and intentionally induced him to terminate its contract with Encore. Arguably, this claim is not implicated within the four corners of the original Service Contract. The original Service Contract does not specifically address Mr. Whalen or his services. However, as conceded in its Complaint, Encore subcontracted with Mr. Whalen "in fulfilling part of the terms of its service contract with PK." (Complaint, ¶ 17); (Service Contract, ¶ 3, contemplating sub-contracts). Thus, by Encore's own admission, Mr. Whalen's services "relate to" the original Service Contract between Encore and PK. In addition, the Termination Agreement specifically addresses PK's express agreement not to interfere with Mr. Whalen's non-competition agreement. The Termination Agreement references the Service Contract, and its terms necessarily "relate to" the Service Contract. Even assuming ambiguity regarding whether the Interference with Contract claim is within the scope of the arbitration clause, federal policy construes all ambiguities in favor of arbitration. See Moses H. Cone, 460 U.S. at 24-25, 103 S.Ct. 927; Coors Brewing Co., 51 F.3d at 1514. Finally, the fact that this claim, as well as other of Encore's claims, is framed as a tort claim does not prohibit arbitration under the agreement. See Pierson v. Dean, Witter, Reynolds, Inc., 742 F.2d 334, 338 (7th Cir.1984) (tort claims such as "fraud under a contract, breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, and gross negligence are not immune from arbitration under a broadly-worded valid arbitration clause."). Encore's second claim against PK is for unfair misappropriation of business value by PK. (Complaint, ¶¶ 37-40). Here, Encore alleges that PK and Mr. Whalen wrongfully capitalized on Encore's experience and expenditure of labor and money in coordinating past PK conferences. This claim relates directly to the Service Contract between PK and Encore because the contract contemplates and outlines the work to be performed by Encore for PK's conferences, exactly the information that PK is alleged to have misappropriated. (Service Contract, ¶ 2, concerning "Scope of Work"). Encore's third claim for relief against PK is for unfair trade practices. (Complaint, ¶¶ 41-44). In this claim, Encore alleges that PK engaged in a pattern of deceptive practices, including passing off their goods and services as those of Encore. Encore concedes that these alleged actions took place "both prior to the termination agreement and after." (Complaint, ¶ 43). Because the Service Contract involves Encore's goods and services (Service Contract, ¶ 2), and because some of the alleged events took place during the time that the Service Contract was in effect, this claim also "relates to" the Service Contract. Encore's fourth and fifth claims for relief against PK are, respectively, for breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing and for breach of contract. (Complaint, ¶¶ 45-53). In these claims, Encore alleges that PK willfully and maliciously breached the contract and its corresponding duty of good faith and fair dealing by not honoring its agreement to *1111 pay Encore for the services it provided in a timely manner. Because these claims are based directly on the Service Contract and allegedly involve a breach of the termination provisions in this contract (Service Contract, ¶ 13), their arbitrability is beyond dispute. Encore's final claim against PK is for civil conspiracy. (Complaint, ¶¶ 54-58). Encore alleges that PK conspired with Mr. Whalen to terminate the Service Contract so that PK could then retain Mr. Whalen's services. Again, this claim directly concerns the Service Contract and its termination, and "relates to" the Service Contract. Accordingly, I conclude that Encore's six claims for relief against PK are subject to arbitration and, consequently, I dismiss the claims against PK pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of jurisdiction. "Under Colorado law, a valid and unwaived arbitration clause deprives the court of subject matter jurisdiction until the dispute has been submitted to arbitration." Lee v. Grandcor Medical Systems, Inc., 702 F.Supp. 252, 253 (D.Colo.1988); see also Lorenz v. CSX Transportation, Inc., 980 F.2d 263 (4th Cir.1992) (dismissing action on Rule 12(b)(1) motion because of a valid arbitration clause); Morrison, 983 F.Supp. at 944 (same). D. In contesting PK's Motion, Encore presents various arguments centered upon employment of Christian Conciliation as the means of arbitration. I address these arguments in turn. i. Encore first argues that this case should not be dismissed because the choice of law provision in the Service Contract conflicts with the governing authority under the Rules of Christian Conciliation. Encore notes that the Service Contract contains a choice of law provision which states that Colorado law will govern its interpretation. (Service Contract, ¶ 22). Yet, the Rules of Procedure for Christian Conciliation dictate that, "the Holy Scriptures (the Bible) shall be the supreme authority governing every aspect of the conciliation process." (Rules of Procedure for Christian Conciliation, ¶ 4). For purposes of analysis here, my review of the Rules for Christian Conciliation lead me to conclude that they are not impermissibly inconsistent with the application of Colorado law. Rule 42 of Christian Conciliation states that, "should these Rules vary from state or federal arbitration statutes, these Rules shall control except where the state or federal rules specifically indicate that they may not be superseded." (emphasis added). The choice of law provision will require that the parties look to Colorado law to see whether it supersedes a rule. Rule 40 of the Christian Conciliation Rules states that arbitrators must grant relief that is "within the scope of the agreement of the parties." Because the Service Contract contains a Colorado choice of law provision, the arbitrator must fashion a result that is consistent with Colorado law. Most importantly, however, Encore's argument regarding the possibility of an unenforceable arbitration award by Christian Conciliation is premature. Encore entered into an agreement to arbitrate, knowing that Christian Conciliation would be employed under the agreement. Courts hold that, generally, disputes should be submitted to arbitration in accordance with parties' contract, and that consideration of what may later happen at the arbitration is premature. See Vimar Seguros y Reaseguros, S.A. v. M/V Sky Reefer, 515 U.S. 528, 540, 115 S.Ct. 2322, 132 L.Ed.2d 462 (1995) (claim was "premature" because it had not yet been "established what law the arbitrators will apply to petitioner's claims or that petitioner will receive diminished protection as a result," and because the courts have the limited power to review an award for illegal results); Ohio Reinsurance Corp. v. British National Insurance Co., 587 F.Supp. 710, 712 (S.D.N.Y.1984). *1112 Encore must abide by its agreement in the first instance. ii. Encore also argues that I should not enforce Christian Conciliation because theological conclusions made in the Conciliation may not be reviewed by the courts. District courts have the power to enforce secular contract rights, despite the fact that one of the contracting parties may base their rights on religious affiliations. See Elmora Hebrew Center, Inc. v. Fishman, 125 N.J. 404, 593 A.2d 725, 729 (1991). The arbitration agreement sought to be enforced in this case is a secular contract right. A court can, and should, apply neutral principles of law to determine disputed questions that do not implicate religious doctrine. Jones v. Wolf, 443 U.S. 595, 99 S.Ct. 3020, 61 L.Ed.2d 775 (1979). "Neutral principles" are secular legal rules whose application to religious parties or disputes do not entail theological or religious evaluations. See id. I recognize that I must diligently avoid impermissible First Amendment entanglement. However, by employing neutral principles, courts can review decisions of religious bodies within permissible constitutional boundaries. See id. Thus, if cause is later shown to review the Christian Conciliation's arbitration results, a court can do so within the limitations governing review of any arbitration award. This is especially true in this case where the claims do not involve religious determinations or doctrines. Encore initially agreed to submit its claims to Christian Conciliation in signing the Service Contract. Encore is bound by its contract. Civil courts have only "marginal review" power over the decisions of arbitral bodies, secular and religious. See Presbyterian Church in United States v. Mary Elizabeth Blue Hull Memorial Presbyterian Church, 393 U.S. 440, 447, 89 S.Ct. 601, 21 L.Ed.2d 658 (1969). For example, inquiry into a religious determination may implicate fraud and collusion. These grounds parallel the limited basis on which courts will review the results of conventional arbitrations. See Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese for United States of America and Canada v. Milivojevich, 426 U.S. 696, 713, 96 S.Ct. 2372, 49 L.Ed.2d 151 (1976) (not allowing court review of "arbitrariness" of a religious tribunal's decision). Consequently, although Christian Conciliation may be characterized as a religious tribunal, any award in arbitration is subject to limited review. iii. Finally, Encore argues that compelling Christian Conciliation will violate their agents' and employees' rights to the free exercise of their religion under the First Amendment. Encore argues that, as a corporation, it cannot validly consent to participate in proceedings of a religious nature and thereby bind its agents and employees to participate in these proceedings without their individual consent. Encore is incorrect in its assessment of the law. Ordinary contract principles determine who is bound by written arbitration provisions. See Fisser v. International Bank, 282 F.2d 231 (2d Cir.1960). Encore and PK executed the Service Contract which contains an enforceable arbitration provision. The arbitration process between these corporations contemplates participation by their principals. By executing the Service Contract on behalf of Encore, Encore's principals consented to participate in an arbitration governed by the Rules of Christian Conciliation. Furthermore, although Encore is correct that courts cannot employ "religious organizations as an arm of the civil judiciary to perform the function of interpreting and applying state standards," here the parties themselves agreed and consented to arbitration before Christian Conciliation. (Encore's Objection to PK's Motion to Dismiss or Stay Proceedings, p. 7). Although *1113 it may not be proper for a district court to refer civil issues to a religious tribunal in the first instance, if the parties agree to do so, it is proper for a district court to enforce their contract. Therefore, Encore is now precluded from challenging the enforcement of this valid agreement. See Elmora Hebrew Center, 593 A.2d at 731. Encore voluntarily signed a contract containing a written arbitration agreement that clearly and expressly disclosed that arbitration would be submitted to Christian Conciliation. This manifests intent to be bound by Christian Conciliation's decree and a knowing and voluntary waiver of their rights to pursue litigation in a secular district court. See id. And, significantly, in a letter written to counsel for PK on September 10, 1998, well after the date of the Termination agreement, counsel for Encore stated that Encore was "willing to discuss initiating Christian Conciliation as mandated under the contract." (Exhibit 2 to PK's Reply to Encore's Response, emphasis added). Impermissible First Amendment entanglement is speculative at this juncture. Indeed, refusal to enforce the parties' arbitration agreement could itself arguably constitute an impermissible entanglement. PK could claim impedance of the practice of religion or creation of an unjust bias against religion, thereby depriving PK of its free exercise rights. See, e.g., Braunfeld v. Brown, 366 U.S. 599, 607, 81 S.Ct. 1144, 6 L.Ed.2d 563 (1961) (plurality opinion) ("If the purpose or effect of a law is to impede the observance of one or all religions ..., that law is constitutionally invalid even though the burden may be characterized as being only indirect."). Because Encore's First Amendment argument is premature prior to arbitration, I conclude that Encore is bound by its contract. E. The final issue regarding the arbitration clause concerns Mr. Whalen's participation in the arbitration. PK is correct that, "Encore's contractual obligation to arbitrate does not depend on Whalen's participation." (PK's Reply to Encore's Response, p. 10). Parties who have not executed an arbitration agreement cannot be compelled to arbitrate. See United Steelworkers, 363 U.S. at 582, 80 S.Ct. 1347. Moreover, a plaintiff cannot avoid arbitration merely by claiming that one or more of its claims for relief is against a defendant who is not a signatory to the agreement. See Hilti, Inc. v. Oldach, 392 F.2d 368, 369 n. 2 (1st Cir. 1968) (arbitration should not be foreclosed simply by adding persons to a civil action who are not parties to the arbitration agreement because such an inclusion would thwart the federal policy in favor of arbitration); Steinberg & Lyman v. Takacs, 774 F.Supp. 885, 888 (S.D.N.Y.1991) ("while [plaintiff] asserts that notions of judicial economy favor having this Court try the entire action at one time, rather than sending only two of the defendants to arbitration, such an argument does not withstand the mandate of the [FAA]."). Because Mr. Whalen is not a party to the Service Contract, he is not subject to its arbitration clause. Encore must proceed against Mr. Whalen in a secular court. Federal law requires piecemeal resolution of cases when necessary to give effect to an arbitration agreement. See Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. Byrd, 470 U.S. 213, 217, 105 S.Ct. 1238, 84 L.Ed.2d 158 (1985) ("[T]he Arbitration Act requires district courts to compel arbitration ... even when the result would be the possibly inefficient maintenance of separate proceedings in different forums."); Moses H. Cone, 460 U.S. at 20, 103 S.Ct. 927. IV. Mr. Whalen, a resident of Georgia, states that he does not have sufficient contacts with Colorado to support personal jurisdiction and, therefore, moves pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction and to stay discovery. *1114 When a district court rules on a Rule 12(b)(2) motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, the court may review affidavits or other written materials in support of the parties' respective positions. Accordingly, both parties have submitted supporting documentation which I have reviewed in resolving this motion. Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing personal jurisdiction over the defendant. See Far West Capital, Inc. v. Towne, 46 F.3d 1071, 1075 (10th Cir.1995). When the issue is raised before trial and decided on the basis of affidavits and other written materials, plaintiff need only make a prima facie showing. See id. The burden on the plaintiff is light. See Wenz v. Memery Crystal, 55 F.3d 1503, 1505 (10th Cir.1995). If the parties present conflicting affidavits, I must resolve all disputed facts and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor. See Behagen v. Amateur Basketball Ass'n of U.S.A., 744 F.2d 731, 733 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1010, 105 S.Ct. 1879, 85 L.Ed.2d 171 (1985). However, "only the well pled facts of plaintiff's complaint, as distinguished from mere conclusory allegations, must be accepted as true." See Wenz, 55 F.3d at 1505 (10th Cir.1995). Jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant in a federal lawsuit based on diversity of citizenship is determined by the law of the forum state in this case, Colorado. See Federated Rural Elec. Ins. Corp. v. Kootenai Elec. Co-op., 17 F.3d 1302, 1305 (10th Cir.1994). Thus, personal jurisdiction over Mr. Whalen arises, if at all, under Colorado's long arm statute, C.R.S. §§ 13-1-124 and 125. Colorado's long arm statute provides two grounds for the exercise of personal jurisdiction: the commission of a tortious act in Colorado; or the transaction of business in Colorado. C.R.S. § 13-1-124(1)(a) and (b). A. The first ground for the exercise of personal jurisdiction under Colorado's long arm statute involves the commission of a tortious act in Colorado. The tort provision of Colorado's long arm statute states that, by the commission of a tortious act within Colorado, a person submits to the jurisdiction of Colorado courts concerning any cause of action arising from that act. C.R.S. § 13-1-124(1)(b). Addressing the tort provision, the Colorado Supreme Court has held that "[i]n order to satisfy the statutory standard for assertion of long arm jurisdiction ... it is not necessary that both the tortious conduct constituting the cause and the injury constituting the effect take place in Colorado." See Classic Auto Sales, Inc. v. Schocket, 832 P.2d 233, 235 (Colo.1992). Instead, Colorado courts have held that the statute may be satisfied when (1) tortious conduct occurs in Colorado, or (2) when tortious conduct initiated in another state causes injury in Colorado. See id. at 235-36; Wenz, 55 F.3d at 1507. Despite Colorado's broad interpretation of this provision, my review of Encore's allegations, as supported by affidavits, leads me to conclude that Encore has failed to allege or establish a prima facie showing under either. i. First, in support of Encore's claim that Mr. Whalen's tortious acts occurred in Colorado, it summarily states, "in June 1998, Mr. Whalen came to Colorado to meet with Promise Keepers to discuss Encore's contract." (Encore's Response to Whalen's Motion to Dismiss, p. 4, emphasis in original). The sole support for this statement is an equally conclusory statement in the affidavit of Daniel Caster which states, "[i]n June of 1998, Promise Keepers flew Whalen to Denver, Colorado for meetings with Promise Keepers personnel concerning Encore's contract, Encore's subcontractor and Promise Keepers event covered by Encore's contract with Promise Keepers." (Caster Affidavit, ¶ 4). *1115 Encore bears the burden of establishing that the court has personal jurisdiction over Mr. Whalen. See Behagen, 744 F.2d at 733. Because Mr. Whalen's motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction is submitted on the basis of affidavits and other documents prior to trial, Encore is only required to make a prima facie showing to avoid dismissal. See F.D.I.C. v. Oaklawn Apartments, 959 F.2d 170, 174 (10th Cir.1992). In order to put the contested facts in issue, however, affidavits submitted in support of or in opposition to the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction must comply with the requirements of Rule 56(e). See Oaklawn, 959 F.2d at 175 n. 6. Therefore, such affidavits must contain "personal knowledge, admissible facts, and affirmative showing of competency." See id. As Mr. Whalen argues in his Objection to the Consideration of Castor's Affidavit, the affidavit "does not affirmatively show it is based upon his own personal knowledge or that he is competent to testify as to the matters therein." (Whalen's Objection, p. 2). I agree that Mr. Castor does not state that he has personal knowledge of Mr. Whalen's trip to Colorado. Nor does he state that he was present at the meeting or had any other way to gain knowledge regarding the meeting. Thus, I find that the affidavit in support of Mr. Whalen's commission of a tort in the state of Colorado does not comply with the requirements under Rule 56(e). There is no showing of personal knowledge or competency. "[O]nly the well pled facts of plaintiff's complaint, as distinguished from mere conclusory allegations, must be accepted as true." See Wenz, 55 F.3d 1503. At the June 18, 1999 hearing on these matters, Encore raised, for the first time, its contention that if the Caster Affidavit was insufficient under Rule 56(e), Encore should be allowed additional discovery under Rule 56(f). The proper procedure under Rule 56(f) is for the non-moving party to file an affidavit before the hearing, "explaining the need for additional discovery." See Pasternak v. Lear Petroleum Exploration, Inc., 790 F.2d 828, 832 (10th Cir. 1986). "Where a party opposing summary judgment and seeking a continuance pending completion of discovery fails to take advantage of the shelter provided by Rule 56(f) by filing an affidavit, there is no abuse of discretion in granting summary judgment if it is otherwise appropriate." Id. at 832-833. However, even assuming arguendo that the Caster Affidavit does not suffer from Rule 56(e) deficiencies, the allegations in his affidavit are too conclusory to establish that a tort occurred in Colorado. Because this is the only allegation of a tortious act committed in Colorado, I decline to find personal jurisdiction on this basis. ii. Second, Encore has also failed to demonstrate that any tortious conduct initiated by Mr. Whalen in another state caused injury in Colorado sufficient to invoke long arm jurisdiction under C.R.S. 13-1-124(1)(b). In interpreting what type of injury is sufficient, the Colorado Supreme Court has stated that "the injury itself must have occurred in Colorado." McAvoy v. District Court, 757 P.2d 633, 635 (Colo.1988); see also Wenz, 55 F.3d at 1508. The injury in Colorado "must be direct, not consequential and remote." Wenz, 55 F.3d at 1508. Only torts which "proximately" result in injury in Colorado constitute a tortious act within the meaning of Colorado's long arm statute. See Texair Flyers, Inc. v. District Court, 180 Colo. 432, 506 P.2d 367, 370 (1973). Encore has failed to allege with any particularity that any injury occurred in Colorado. This is not surprising because Encore is an Indiana corporation with its principal place of business in Indiana. Encore is the only party allegedly harmed in this action and, therefore, any injury that it may have suffered was presumably felt in Indiana. Therefore, I also decline to *1116 exercise personal jurisdiction on this ground. B. The second ground for establishing personal jurisdiction under Colorado's long arm statute is the transaction of business in Colorado. C.R.S. § 13-1-124(1)(a). Transaction of business in a forum state may result in personal jurisdiction under two separate analyses specific personal jurisdiction and general personal jurisdiction. See F.D.I.C. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, 937 F.Supp. 1461, 1468 (D.Colo. 1996). General jurisdiction may be found when the defendant's contacts with the forum state are so continuous and systematic that the state may exercise personal jurisdiction even when the claims are unrelated to the defendant's contacts with the forum state. See Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984). General personal jurisdiction is premised on a defendant's conduct in connection with the forum state such that he should "reasonably anticipate being haled into court there." See First Interstate Bank, 937 F.Supp. at 1468. There must be some act by which the defendant purposefully avails himself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum state. Contacts between the defendant and the forum state cannot be "random," "fortuitous," or "attenuated." Id. On the other hand, specific personal jurisdiction may arise if a defendant has purposefully directed his activities toward the forum state, and if the lawsuit is based upon injuries that arise out of or relate to the defendant's contact with the state. Colorado has adopted a three-prong test for specific personal jurisdiction: (1) the defendant must purposefully avail himself of the privilege of acting in Colorado or of causing important consequences in the state; (2) the cause of action must arise in the forum state from the consequences of defendant's activities; and (3) the activities must have a substantial enough connection with the forum state to make the exercise of jurisdiction over the defendant reasonable. See id. Due process principles require a defendant to have sufficient minimum contacts with the forum state so that the maintenance of the suit will not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. See id. The evidence supporting Mr. Whalen's contacts with Colorado for the purpose of general jurisdiction is slim. The record shows that Mr. Whalen maintains no offices or employees in Colorado, owns no property in Colorado, maintains no telephone listing in Colorado, and does no advertising in Colorado. Mr. Whalen's contacts with Colorado consist of a handful of phone calls and letters and one alleged visit. This is not the continuous and systematic activity necessary to justify a finding of general jurisdiction. See Helicopteros Nacionales, 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868 (contacts with Texas not continuous and systematic even though defendant sent its CEO to Houston to negotiate contract with consortium; accepted checks drawn by its consortium on a Texas bank; purchased helicopters, equipment and training services from a Texas manufacturer; and sent personnel to manufacturer's facilities for training). In determining whether I may exercise specific personal jurisdiction over Mr. Whalen regarding his alleged business transactions in Colorado, I analyze his conduct in light of First Interstate Bank's three part test for the minimum contacts sufficient for the exercise of specific jurisdiction. See First Interstate Bank, 937 F.Supp. at 1468. Even though the Caster Affidavit is subject to competency defects, I will reference it in this analysis. i. The first step in my minimum contact analysis requires me to determine whether the evidence that the plaintiff *1117 presents demonstrates that the defendant purposely availed himself of the privilege of conducting business in Colorado. Purposeful availment requires actions by the defendant which "create a `substantial connection' with the forum State." See Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court of California, 480 U.S. 102, 109, 107 S.Ct. 1026, 94 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987). Keeping in mind that, "if the parties present conflicting affidavits, all factual disputes are to be resolved in the plaintiff's favor," and the burden on the plaintiff of proving personal jurisdiction, I make the following findings. Dart International, Inc. v. Interactive Target Systems, Inc., 877 F.Supp. 541, 543 (D.Colo.1995). Encore alleges that Mr. Whalen appeared at numerous PK events and was introduced as an "official representative of PK." (Caster Affidavit in support of Plaintiff's Response to Mr. Whalen's Motion to Dismiss, ¶ 7). Encore also alleges and provides supporting documentation that Mr. Whalen negotiated subcontracts for PK. (Caster Affidavit, ¶ 8). Furthermore, the Subcontract entered into between Encore and Mr. Whalen is clear in stating that Mr. Whalen will perform the activities described in the contract "in connection with any and all Promise Keeper events held from the 21st day of April, 1997 to the 31st day of October, 1997." (Subcontract, ¶ 1). Encore alleges that Mr. Whalen was employed as a representative of PK and he negotiated contracts for PK, a Colorado corporation. Ergo, Encore concludes that Mr. Whalen has minimum contacts with Colorado. However, an employee's contacts with a forum state are not judged according to their employer's activities in that state. See Calder v. Jones, 465 U.S. 783, 790, 104 S.Ct. 1482, 79 L.Ed.2d 804 (1984). Instead, each defendant's contacts with the forum state must be assessed individually. See id. The Subcontract between Encore and Mr. Whalen contemplates business with PK, a Colorado corporation. However, based on the pleadings and supporting documentation, there is no evidence that any of the conferences in which Mr. Whalen participated took place in Colorado. Instead it appears that conferences took place in numerous other locales including Omaha, Nebraska, Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Columbia, South Carolina. (Caster Affidavit, ¶ 7). Although the Subcontract contemplated business activities involving a Colorado based corporation, there is no showing Mr. Whalen transacted business in Colorado. Merely because "a forum-state resident is a party to the contract and it may be foreseeable that his rights in the forum state will be affected is not a sufficient basis for personal jurisdiction." Ruggieri v. General Well Service, Inc., 535 F.Supp. 525, 532 (D.Colo.1982). Hence, the argument against personal jurisdiction carries more weight when the only basis for personal jurisdiction rests on the mere fact that another party to the contract is a resident of the forum state. I cannot conclude Mr. Whalen had the minimum contacts with Colorado sufficient for the exercise of personal jurisdiction. There is no evidence that Mr. Whalen made any deliberate efforts, either direct or indirect, to serve the Colorado market. Dart International, 877 F.Supp. at 545. As I have stated before, the relationship between [the Plaintiff] and [the Defendant], if any, is indirect and derives solely through contacts between third parties in Colorado and [the Defendant].... I find and conclude that [the Defendant's] activities in Colorado are too tenuous to establish that it purposely availed itself of this forum. Dart International, 877 F.Supp. at 545. Likewise, in attempting to establish personal jurisdiction in this case, Encore is pointing to the contacts between Mr. Whalen and PK; these are too tenuous to establish that Mr. Whalen purposefully availed himself of Colorado's forum. The few alleged telephone contacts in the forum *1118 state are not enough to establish the requisite minimum contacts in Colorado. See Dart International, 877 F.Supp. at 545. Similarly, the one trip that he allegedly made to Colorado will not suffice. See Ruggieri, 535 F.Supp. at 532. ii. Even assuming that Encore has shown the requisite minimum contacts under the first prong of the analysis, Encore must still show that Mr. Whalen fulfills the remaining two prongs. The second prong requires proof that the cause of action arises from the consequences of Mr. Whalen's activities in the forum state. Encore alleges that Mr. Whalen traveled to Colorado to discuss Encore's contracts with PK. (Caster Affidavit, ¶ 4). This allegation is in support of claims against Mr. Whalen, including Unfair Misappropriation of Business Value and Unfair Trade Practices. Assuming arguendo competency of the Caster Affidavit, parts of Encore's claims arguably arise out of the allegations of Mr. Whalen's limited forum-related activity. iii. In determining whether the third prong of the test is met, I need to decide whether exercise of jurisdiction is so unreasonable as to violate "fair play and substantial justice." In making this determination, I consider: (1) the burden on the defendant; (2) the forum state's interest in resolving the dispute; (3) the plaintiff's interest in receiving convenient and effective relief; (4) the interstate judicial system's interest in obtaining the most efficient resolution of controversies; and (5) the shared interest of the several states in furthering fundamental substantive social policies. See Asahi, 480 U.S. at 113, 107 S.Ct. 1026; OMI Holdings, Inc. v. Royal Insurance Co. of Canada, 149 F.3d 1086 (10th Cir.1998). (a) While not dispositive, the burden on the defendant of litigating the case in a foreign forum is a significant concern in determining the reasonableness of personal jurisdiction. See World-Wide Volkswagen, 444 U.S. at 292, 100 S.Ct. 559. This factor serves to prevent the filing of claims in a distant forum where the burden of appearing is onerous. See id.; OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1096. Mr. Whalen is a resident of Georgia with his primary place of business in Georgia. (Whalen Affidavit, ¶ 2). Mr. Whalen made a contract with an Indiana based corporation, Encore, in connection with a Colorado corporation, PK, with work to be performed across the country. Mr. Whalen asserts that if he is forced to defend this action in Colorado, he will suffer severe financial loss, extreme hardship, and inconvenience. (Whalen Affidavit, ¶ 16). The analysis of this factor weighs in favor of Mr. Whalen. (b) The second factor in the reasonableness inquiry examines the forum state's interest in the action. States have a protectable interest in providing a forum in which their residents can seek redress for injuries caused by out-of-state actors. See OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1096. "Although less compelling, a state may also have an interest in adjudicating a dispute between two non-residents where the defendant's conduct affects forum residents." Id. This factor also weighs in favor of Mr. Whalen. Neither Encore nor Mr. Whalen are Colorado residents. Because PK has been dismissed from this case, there is no longer a Colorado party involved. Neither party conducts business in Colorado, is licensed to do business in Colorado, or employs Colorado citizens. The Subcontract was neither drafted nor negotiated in Colorado. Indeed, the Subcontract contains a choice of law provision specifying the application of Indiana law. Encore does not claim that Mr. Whalen committed a tortious act against or breached a contract with a Colorado resident. *1119 (c) The third step in my reasonableness inquiry is whether the plaintiff may receive convenient and effective relief in another forum. "This factor may weigh heavily in cases where a Plaintiff's chances of recovery will be greatly diminished by forcing him to litigate in another forum because of that forum's laws or because the burden may be so overwhelming as to practically foreclose pursuit of the lawsuit." OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1097. These dangers are not present here. This factor also weighs in favor of Mr. Whalen. The Subcontract states that Indiana law will govern its interpretation. (Subcontract, ¶ 10). Encore is an Indiana corporation with its principal place of business in Indiana. Mr. Whalen is a resident of Georgia. Encore can receive convenient relief in a forum other than Colorado. (d) The fourth factor in my inquiry is whether Colorado is the most efficient place to litigate the dispute. The key factors in this inquiry are the location of witnesses, where the wrong underlying the lawsuit occurred, what forum's substantive law governs the case, and whether jurisdiction is necessary to prevent piecemeal litigation. See OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1097. At this early stage in the litigation, the parties have not yet identified witnesses to the dispute. Encore claims that part of the wrong underlying the dispute may have occurred in Colorado when Mr. Whalen allegedly flew to Colorado to have illegal discussions with PK. (Caster Affidavit, ¶ 4). Again, Indiana law will govern the interpretation of the Subcontract. Jurisdiction in Colorado is not necessary to prevent piecemeal litigation of this lawsuit. Because I dismissed this action against PK, Encore must now pursue a separate action against Mr. Whalen who signed no agreement to arbitrate. Piecemeal litigation results in any event. (e) Finally, I consider the interest of the several states in advancing fundamental social policies. The analysis of this factor "focuses on whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction by [the forum state] affects the substantive social policy interests of other states." OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1097. Both Indiana and Georgia may have more social policy interests in hearing this matter than does Colorado. Indiana is the forum where Encore resides and Indiana is the law that will govern interpretation of the contract at issue. Georgia is the residence of Mr. Whalen. C. Examining the above factors, I conclude that subjecting Mr. Whalen to personal jurisdiction in this forum, based on either his alleged tortious conduct or his business transactions, would be unreasonable and inconsistent with notions of "fairplay and substantial justice." Our personal jurisdiction analysis requires that we draw a line in the sand. At some point, the facts supporting jurisdiction in a given forum are so lacking that the notions of fundamental fairness inherent in the Due Process Clause preclude a district court from exercising jurisdiction over a Defendant. OMI Holdings, 149 F.3d at 1098. Accordingly, I ORDER that: (1) Defendant PK's motion to stay proceedings pending arbitration is DENIED; (2) Defendant PK's motion to dismiss pursuant to 12(b)(1) is GRANTED; (3) Defendant Whalen's motion to dismiss pursuant to 12(b)(2) is GRANTED; (4) Defendant Whalen's motion to stay discovery is DENIED as moot; and (5) Defendants are awarded their costs. | Low | [
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A school board in southwestern Ontario is trying to correct the record after Sun Media personality Ezra Levant incorrectly accused it of kowtowing to Muslim students who wanted to avoid commemorating Remembrance Day In a column published Tuesday in Sun newspapers, Mr. Levant writes that the Greater Essex County District School Board, which includes Windsor and Leamington, Ont., instructed principals "to be prepared to exempt Muslim students from Remembrance Day." He points to a memo issued last week in which Superintendent Sharon Pyke suggests accommodations may be made for some children. "Some families may be reluctant to have their children attend your location municipality's ceremonies. Please note that meaningful alternate activities should be provided at the schools for those families who do not wish their children to participate in any Remembrance Day ceremonies." Story continues below advertisement In his column, Levant says: "It's a disgrace that any family would object to it – especially an immigrant family who came here to benefit from our country. It would call into question the basis on which they applied for and were granted citizenship. "And even if some old bigot from a backwoods village in Pakistan or Somalia doesn't want to respect Canada, that's where our schools come in and teach those bigots' kids and grandkids what it means to be Canadian. "It's insulting that either parents or the school board thinks Remembrance Day is in any way anti-Muslim." He adds: "Could you imagine if a German or Japanese family objected? The obvious question would be: Do you think Hitler or Mussolini or Hirohito were right? That's the implication of Muslim families objecting to Remembrance Day – that we were wrong." He voiced similar sentiments in a segment that aired Monday during his nightly show on the Sun News Network. In fact, the school board says, its memo had nothing to do with Muslim families. Rather, it was a response in part to safety concerns raised by parents whose children might be attending public memorial events. On Tuesday, about 300 students participated in a memorial at the Windsor Cenotaph that included dozens of veterans in uniform. "It's because of the attack that happened at the Cenotaph in Ottawa, and the fact that it's apparent that ISIL or ISIS has targeted individuals in uniform, and there would be individuals in uniform in attendance at public ceremonies," said Scott Scantlebury, a public-relations officer with the board, in an interview. Last month, Cpl. Nathan Cirillo was shot while serving as honour guard at the National War Memorial in Ottawa. In a separate incident, Warrant Officer Patrice Vincent was run down in a parking lot in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que. Story continues below advertisement The school board memo, which was primarily about the significance of Remembrance Day, included a series of six links directing teachers to online resources. It was accompanied by 10 photographs, including pictures of Sikh soldiers and veterans, an Ojibwa Canadian veteran of the Korean War, a Mennonite veteran and a Jewish soldier in a prayer shawl carrying a Torah. "Remembrance Day is a wonderful 'teachable moment' – and the Canadian War Museum has lots to offer with resources that are reflective of our Canadian nation – and our equally diverse local population," read the memo, with a link to a page on the National War Museum site. Other links included a memorial about the first Canadian Muslim woman to wear a hijab in uniform. There are also links to Google Image search results featuring aboriginal Canadian soldiers, African Canadian soldiers, and Asian Canadian soldiers. "There were some links included on the memo that were provided for principals and schools doing Remembrance Day ceremonies that helped reinforce the diversity of our armed forces, because that's sometimes a forgotten element," said Mr. Scantlebury, who noted that the Greater Essex County is one of the most diverse in Canada. Mr. Scantlebury said on Tuesday that he was not aware of any student that had requested any special accommodation. He added that he had been receiving calls on the matter for much of the day. Story continues below advertisement "We feel it's very unfortunate that this has taken away, somewhat, from what is a very solemn occasion in our schools," he said. Mr. Levant's column ends with a call to sign a petition protesting the school board at LoveItOrLeave.ca. There, Levant's supporters can purchase T-shirts sporting a Canadian flag design and the statement "If you don't love it, leave." They can also buy tickets to a three-night "Free Speech" tour featuring Levant and Sun Media's Brian Lilley. VIP seats for the stop in Red Deer, Alta., are priced at $109.85. This is the text of the memo sent out by Superintendent Sharon Pyke of the Greater Essex County School Board: Tuesday, November 11, 2014 is Remembrance Day. Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day or Armistice Day) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth countries since the end of World War I to remember those who have served and sacrificed as a member of the armed forces. The 11 day of November recalls the end of hostilities of World War I on that date in 1918 "at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month". The red remembrance poppy has become a familiar symbol of Remembrance Day due to the poem "In Flanders Fields". Poppies bloomed across some of the worst battlefields of Flanders in World War I; their brilliant red colour an appropriate symbol for the blood spilled in the war. Veterans Affairs Canada states that the date is of "remembrance for the men and women who have served, and continue to serve our country during times of war, conflict and peace"; specifically, the First and Second World Wars, the Korean War, and all conflicts since then in which members of the Canadian Forces have participated, including international peace-keeping missions. Story continues below advertisement Some schools may have their own school assemblies while others may choose to participate in the ceremonies of their local municipalities such as the Windsor Cenotaph. Please be mindful that some families may be reluctant to have their children attend your location municipality's ceremonies. Please note that meaningful alternate activities should be provided at the schools for those families who do not wish their children to participate in any Remembrance Day ceremonies. Please find attached some images that reflect Canada's diverse military and to honour those families who are, and have been our allies in conflicts that we as a nation, have participated. There is also a DVD created by Mary Catherine Langlois that was sent out last week for your consideration. Remembrance Day is a wonderful 'teachable moment' – and the Canadian War Museum has lots to offer with resources that are reflective of our Canadian nation – and our equally diverse local population. http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/education/toolkit/kitcollections_e.shtml Other links: http://madpadre.blogspot.ca/2009/05/canadian-muslim-soldier-guides-faithful.htm [Editor's note: This is a dead link. Cached version of the page is available here.] Story continues below advertisement http://rishu.ca/post/25644559092/muslim-canadian-soldier https://www.google.ca/search?q=aboriginal+canadian+soldiers&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=a9hDVPuSA8asyATKw4CoCg&ved=0CDUQsAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=J4K6pbpXWLl-yM%253A%3BkvCQ7mZ4RKAhxM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ctvnews.ca%252Fpolopoly_fs%252F1.1946062!%252FhttpImage%252Fimage.jpg_gen%252Fderivatives%252Flandscape_960%252Fimage.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ctvnews.ca%252Fcanada%252Ffight-continued-even-after-first-world-war-ended-say-aboriginal-soldiers-1.1946057%3B960%3B540 https://www.google.ca/search?q=African+canadian+soldiers&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=600&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=495DVLOwAcqhyASQqYBo&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ https://www.google.ca/search?q=aboriginal+canadian+soldiers&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=a9hDVPuSA8asyATKw4CoCg&ved=0CDUQsAQ#tbm=isch&q=Asian+canadian+soldiers&imgdii If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact our office. | Mid | [
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We 'd like these for breakfast, lunch and dinner. So will you. Oodles of grated carrots are folded into a fabulous batter of flour, milk, shallots and thyme. This sets in the refrigerator for three hours, and then dollops are scooped into hot oil and frie Stir frying is the perfect way to cook mushrooms, just long enough to release their mushroom goodness. And there are three kinds in this dish - straw, white and shiitake. Carrots too. But the sauce of soy sauce, sherry, honey and broth really brings it a | Mid | [
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For example, the atherothrombosis such as the myocardial infarction causes serious thrombus formation such that an atheromatous plaque is broken at an arteriosclerosis site, platelets are adhered on collagen including tissue factor exposed to the bloodstream. Further, the platelet aggregation, the activation of a blood coagulation system, and the like complexly occur resulting in serious obstructive thrombus. Heart disease such as myocardial infarction, is a serious disease and is the second leading cause of overall deaths in Japan. However, thrombus formation proceeds only in an atherosclerotic region in the myocardial infarction, and a thrombotic tendency in the whole body is not extremely proceeded. In-vitro examinations are unsuitable for evaluating the thrombotic tendency in such a thrombosis and the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect in the antithrombotic therapy. Thus, it is important to make comprehensive evaluations on coagulation and platelets (adhesion and agglutination) in the presence of the bloodstream. Heretofore, the blood coagulability has been evaluated by determining activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thromboplastin time (PT) using the plasma. The APTT mainly reflects intrinsic coagulation and the PT mainly reflects extrinsic coagulation. The examination of blood platelets is carried out by using platelet-rich plasma and adding a platelet-activating substance such as ADP or collagen to thereby evaluate the aggregating property of platelets from a change in transmittance thereof or the like. In addition, the coagulation time of the whole blood can be determined with the whole blood clotting time, the whole blood clotting time after calcium re-addition, and the like. Further, an examination system using the whole blood employs thromboelastogrm, which monitors the activations of clotting factors, the platelet agglutination, and the like. However, thrombus grows under a blood flow in vivo. In contrast, the above examination method or the like is determined in-vitro that is in the closed state. Thus, the status of in-vivo thrombus growth cannot be observed. As proposals for solving the above problems, Patent Document 1 and Non-patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose the method including bringing the blood provided with an antithrombotic drug to be evaluated to pass on a collagen cell and monitoring the adhesion or agglutination of the platelets by fluorescently-labeling the platelets with a confocal microscope. However, in the invention described in the document the observation is carried out under the presence of an anticoagulation drug. Thus, the fact that a thrombus which is caused by the adhesion or agglutination of platelets induced by the blood coagulation system is not formed or decreased property to form thrombus is evaluated by monitoring a morphological change in platelet. Thus, the evaluation does not reflect the platelet activation interlocking with coagulation system. Therefore, such an invention is favorable for the evaluation of the efficacy of an antiplatelet drug but is unable to monitor a thrombus itself and the whole process of thrombus formation. In addition, a fluorescence microscope is expensive, so it can be hardly used for general examination. Further, in Patent Document 2, the fluidity of the anticoagulated blood is determined by passing the blood through a fine-comb-like silicon cell. Likewise, the process of Patent Document 2 also uses the anticoagulated blood, so the influence of a coagulation system cannot be determined. In addition, the viscosity of blood in the process has large individual variations and in diurnal variations, so it is difficult to reflect drug therapy using the system. The platelet is activated by the coagulation system, and the coagulation system is promoted by activated platelets. Therefore, the efficacy of an antithrombotic drug cannot be observed in the anticoagulated blood, because activation of platelet is also suppressed by the anticoagulation treatment. In addition, non-anticoagulated blood can not used in an examination, because it promptly forms clot. Patent Document 1: JP 2004-251630 A Patent Document 2: JP 2006-145345 A Non-patent Document 1: Blood. 1990; 75:390-398 Non-patent Document 2: Blood. 1999; Aug. 1:94(3):968-75 | Mid | [
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Why leopard attacks have become election issue in India By Nitin Srivastava BBC Hindi, Uttar Pradesh Published duration 3 April 2014 image copyright AFP image caption Leopard attacks are common in many parts of India It is banter as usual in a small tea shop in Lauki Kala village bordering Nepal in India's Uttar Pradesh state. Six village elders are discussing the upcoming general elections over tea. Children play outside in the sugarcane fields. But 43-year-old Shyam Prakash is unusually silent: his life changed since his four-year-old daughter Leela was killed in a leopard attack outside his shop about four months ago. "Forget elections or candidates, we are living in constant fear because of regular leopard attacks. My child's body was found two days after she went missing in the nearby jungle. The leopard killed her and now I don't allow my other three children to step out of the house," Mr Prakash said. At least 75,000 people living in more than 100 villages along the local Suheldev wildlife sanctuary have been living in constant fear of being attacked by leopards. This 300 sqm (777 sqkm) forest, spread across the India-Nepal border region, is home to at least 70 leopards, according to forest official SS Srivastava. image caption Lauki Kala village borders Nepal in India's Uttar Pradesh state. image caption Shyam Prakash's daughter was killed by a leopard. image caption Children of Lauki Kala are scared to venture out of their homes after dark. "At least six children have died in leopard attacks and more than four people have been seriously injured in the past six months," he says. "We caught one of the leopards which killed two children in three days and sent him to a nearby zoo. But the attacks continue since these villages are on the forest periphery without any basic infrastructure." There is considerable anger among the villagers in the region over government's inaction and most of them have decided to boycott the upcoming general election. Bhairavi Devi's five-year old grandson survived a leopard attack after neighbours raised an alarm. She says most of the villages plunge into darkness after sunset due to a lack of electricity. "At least 50 villages here are without electricity. That's why leopards regularly attack our children. Politicians have been coming here ever since elections were announced with promises to bring power supply and roads. But we said get these first and only then will we vote for anyone," she says. Leopard attacks have become a major election issue in the region which falls under the Shravasti-Balrampur parliamentary constituency. More than 1.5 million voters are eligible to vote here. Most of the candidates, including the current member of parliament from India's ruling Congress party to the former twice elected MP of the regional Bahujan Samaj Party Rizwan Zaheer, say they understand the plight of the affected villagers. "Leopard attack is one of the biggest election issues here. With a lack of roads, electricity and adequate forest vigil, such attacks may only grow further. We all have promised action if elected," says Mr Zaheer. The region saw a spate of wolf attacks between 2001 and 2003 in which at least 100 children were killed and several others injured, officials said. People living in the city of Balrampur, barely an hour's drive from the sanctuary, sympathise with the villagers. "The constituency is covered with jungles and we are lucky to be living in the town, where such attacks are a rarity," says Misri Lal, a fruit vendor. "But when successive governments have failed to improve conditions here in the town, God alone knows when will the thousands of villages be considered." | Mid | [
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SPONSORED HEADLINES Comments You must be signed in to post a comment Need an account? Already have an account? You are fully responsible for the content you post. Content that includes profanity, personal attacks or antisocial behavior (such as "spamming" or "trolling"), or other inappropriate content or material will be removed. We reserve the right to block any user who violates our terms of use, including removing all content posted by that user. ABOUT THIS BLOG Scott Powers Powers is an award-winning journalist and has been reporting on preps, colleges and pros for publications throughout the Midwest since 1997. He joined ESPNChicago in May 2009 and lives in Chicago. Adam Rittenberg Rittenberg joined ESPN.com in 2008 after four years at the Daily Herald, where he covered sports at Notre Dame, Northwestern, DePaul and several other colleges. He lives in Chicago and writes for the Big Ten blog. Brian Bennett Bennett joined ESPN.com in August 2008 after nine years at The Courier-Journal in Louisville, Ky., where he covered college sports and the University of Louisville beat. He lives in Louisville and writes for the Big Ten blog. Matt Fortuna Fortuna joined ESPN.com in 2011 after working for MLB.com and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, where he covered college sports. He grew up in New York and is a Penn State graduate. Fortuna's Notre Dame blog is here. | Low | [
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Breast Cancer is New Zealand’s 3rd most common cancer and in the US, almost 40,000 women died from breast cancer last year. Women are encouraged to self examine their breasts so that they become aware of any changes or lumps which may appear at which point they are advised to visit a medical professional where a clinical breast exam (CBE) will be carried out. This involves a doctor or a nurse using their hands to examine the patients breasts using their fingers to try and feel any lumps or bumps under the skin. If something is found, then the next step is to refer the patient to a mammogram or to have a biopsy. The big issue is that due to the poor sensitivity of the human hand, clinical breast exams typically don’t find a lump until they are 21mm in length, yet early detection is crucial as if a cancerous lump is found in the breast when it is only 10mm it improves a patient’s survival rate by more than 94% compared to patients that do not have early detection of tumours. In my Radio Live interview last week I discussed a new nanotechnology film that is being dubbed “electronic skin” which could help to create an image of objects that lie underneath breast tissue. Imagine a thin strip of plastic being placed over your breast and the doctor carrying out the breast examination over the strip creating a savable image of any lumps within your breast. A different doctor could then carry out the same test over a film a few months later and could compare it to the previous results. This type of reporting has not been possible using standard breast examinations because the results are qualitative and very much based on what the doctor feels and records which could vary by their experience level and touch sensitivity. Created by Chieu Van Nguyen and Professor Ravi Saraf from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, this thin film was created and put to the test by placing lumps of objects inside a piece of silicone to simulate a tumour within the breast tissue. In lab tests, using the same amount of pressure that a doctor would use in a clinical breast exam, the thin film device was able to successfully identify lumps down to 5mm in diameter and up to 20mm in depth which far exceeded what human touch would be able to detect. The 150nm film was able to image subsurface objects in silicone identifying their shape and size. Image adapted from original paper Their research published in the journal American Chemical Society Applied Materials & Interfaces describes how their 150nm ‘skin’ is filled with alternating sandwich layers of gold and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. These nanolayers have a constant bias of 18 volts across them and when the surface of the film was touched, the pressure from the finger touching them converted the local pushing force into a buckling within the film layers diverting the current. This film was connected to an electro-optical device which measured the change in current from the buckling and converted it to an optical signal where the variation in light emission created an image on a camera (as shown in the blue image on the right). So as amazing as this technology is, it’s still in the research stage. Ravi Saraf estimates that a prototype device could be made within a year at the cost of about $1.5 million however no reports have been made regarding and securing of funding for commercialisation yet. Sciblogs Archive Sciblogs is the biggest blog network of scientists in New Zealand, an online forum for discussion of everything from clinical health to climate change. Our Scibloggers are either practising scientists or have been writing on science-related issues for some time. They welcome your feedback! Sciblogs was created by the Science Media Centre and is independently funded | Mid | [
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Q: Bash: how to interrupt this script when there's a CTRL-C? I wrote a tiny Bash script to find all the Mercurial changesets (starting from the tip) that contains the string passed in argument: #!/bin/bash CNT=$(hg tip | awk '{ print $2 }' | head -c 3) while [ $CNT -gt 0 ] do echo rev $CNT hg log -v -r$CNT | grep $1 let CNT=CNT-1 done If I interrupt it by hitting ctrl-c, more often than not the command currently executed is "hg log" and it's that command that gets interrupted, but then my script continues. I was then thinking of checking the return status of "hg log", but because I'm piping it into grep I'm not too sure as to how to go about it... How should I go about exiting this script when it is interrupted? (btw I don't know if that script is good at all for what I want to do but it does the job and anyway I'm interested in the "interrupted" issue) A: Place at the beginning of your script: trap 'echo interrupted; exit' INT Edit: As noted in comments below, probably doesn't work for the OP's program due to the pipe. The $PIPESTATUS solution works, but it might be simpler to set the script to exit if any program in the pipe exits with an error status: set -e -o pipefail A: Rewrite your script like this, using the $PIPESTATUS array to check for a failure: #!/bin/bash CNT=$(hg tip | awk '{ print $2 }' | head -c 3) while [ $CNT -gt 0 ] do echo rev $CNT hg log -v -r$CNT | grep $1 if [ 0 -ne ${PIPESTATUS[0]} ] ; then echo hg failed exit fi let CNT=CNT-1 done | High | [
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Florida Gators running back Adam Lane pooped his pants during Florida’s bowl game in January and is happy it happened. Florida Gators running back Adam Lane had just about the funniest thing we may have ever seen happen on a football field happen to him during the Birmingham Bowl Jan. 3 against East Carolina when he went number two in his white football pants. Lane pooping his pants might be the perfect summarization of the Florida Gators 2014 season plagued with terrible quarterbacks and an awful coach in Will Muschamp who was fired after Florida’s 4-4 SEC record, 7-5 overall. While what Lane did on the field made us laugh, what he said about it Wednesday had us scratching our heads. According to GatorBait.net, that was the best thing to ever happen to then-freshman running back Adam Lane because it boosted his career: “It was the best thing that could have happened,” he said. “It got a lot of attention and just put me in a place where I was out there publicly and people knew who I was. I really didn’t get a lot of grief from it. “A lot of people were really more focused on how well I did in the game more than anything. I feel like it was that way because I embraced it.” Uhhhh…okay? I guess pooping your pants is cool now, kids. So if you ever find yourself being outcast on the football field, don’t be afraid to do your business in your pants in order to get your name out there. h/t The Big Lead | Low | [
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Q: Genymotion: Edit /system/etc/hosts file I am currently trying hard to modify my Genymotion Android emulator's hosts file. The well-known way of remounting, pulling and pushing does not seem to work at all when using Genymotion, as the filesystem is always read-only and remounting is denied. Earlier I recognized that Genymotion VMs are already shipped with superuser, so I opened the shell and su'd, but the problem is the same: the filesystem is read-only. Does anyone have an idea how to change that file in a Genymotion VM? Thanks Arne A: Run Genymotion Android emulator and introduce this instructions in the console: adb root adb remount adb push /etc/hosts /system/etc In the third step, specify your hosts file. It works for me, I hope also works for you. | Mid | [
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Q: Cannot use darknet / Yolo2 after installation (Python) I want to use darkflow / Yolo2 according to the instructions from github After successful installation I'm not able to do anything. The flow command does not work and I cant load weights. I am receiving the following warning: der befehl "flow" ist entweder falsch geschrieben oder konnte nicht gefunden werden (the command "flow" is written wrongly or could not be found) What I did: -Started cmd -changed working dir. to darkflow dir -installed succesfully darkflow with command: pip install . -tried to use the flow command but failed Can someone help me with this problem? A: I found out that I have to write the word 'python' infront of the 'flow' command. This seems to be necessary under windows. Not working for me: flow -h Now working fine by using the python command infront of the flow command: python flow -h Example-Loading the weights and make a few predictions on sample Images: >python flow --model cfg/tiny-yolo-voc.cfg --load bin/tiny-yolo-voc.weights | Mid | [
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/* * (C) Copyright 2012 * Emcraft Systems, <www.emcraft.com> * Alexander Potashev <[email protected]> * Vladimir Khusainov, <[email protected]> * Yuri Tikhonov, <[email protected]> * * Configuration settings for Microsemi SmartFusion2 validation board * (G4M Validation Board). * * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this * project. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, * MA 02111-1307 USA */ #ifndef __CONFIG_H #define __CONFIG_H /* * Disable debug messages */ #undef DEBUG /* * This is an ARM Cortex-M3 CPU core */ #define CONFIG_SYS_ARMCORTEXM3 /* * This is the Microsemi SmartFusion2 (aka M2S) device */ #define CONFIG_SYS_M2S /* * System frequencies are defined by Libero, with no * known way (as of yet) to read them in run time. Hence, * we define them as build-time constants */ #define CONFIG_SYS_M2S_SYSREF 166000000 /* * This is a specific revision of the board */ #if !defined(CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV) #define CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV 0x2A #endif #if (CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV!=0x1A) && (CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV!=0x2A) #error CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV must be 1A or 2A #endif #if (CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV==0x1A) # define CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV_STR "1A" #else # define CONFIG_SYS_BOARD_REV_STR "2A" #endif /* * Display CPU and Board information */ #define CONFIG_DISPLAY_CPUINFO 1 #define CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO 1 /* * Monitor prompt */ #define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "M2S-SOM> " /* * We want to call the CPU specific initialization */ #define CONFIG_ARCH_CPU_INIT /* * This ensures that the SoC-specific cortex_m3_soc_init() gets invoked. */ #define CONFIG_ARMCORTEXM3_SOC_INIT /* * Number of clock ticks in 1 sec */ #define CONFIG_SYS_HZ 1000 /* * Enable/disable h/w watchdog */ #undef CONFIG_HW_WATCHDOG /* * No interrupts */ #undef CONFIG_USE_IRQ /* * Cache configuration */ #define CONFIG_M2S_CACHE_ON /* * Memory layout configuration */ #define CONFIG_MEM_NVM_BASE 0x00000000 #define CONFIG_MEM_NVM_LEN (256 * 1024) #if 0 /* * Define the constant below to build U-boot for running * from offset 0x20000 (128KB) in eNVM. When built this way, * use the following commands to test the newly built U-boot: * - tftp u-boot.bin * - cptf 20000 ${loadaddr} ${filesize} 0 * - go 20375 (or check address of _start in u-boot.map) */ #define CONFIG_MEM_NVM_UBOOT_OFF (128 * 1024) #endif #define CONFIG_MEM_RAM_BASE 0x20000000 #define CONFIG_MEM_RAM_LEN (16 * 1024) #define CONFIG_MEM_RAM_BUF_LEN (32 * 1024) #define CONFIG_MEM_MALLOC_LEN (12 * 1024) #define CONFIG_MEM_STACK_LEN (4 * 1024) /* * malloc() pool size */ #define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN CONFIG_MEM_MALLOC_LEN /* * Configuration of the external memory */ #define CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS 1 #define CONFIG_SYS_RAM_BASE 0xA0000000 #define CONFIG_SYS_RAM_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024) /* * Configuration of the external Flash * No NOR Flash */ #define CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH /* * Configure the SPI contoler device driver * FIFO Size is 64K, but leave 5 bytes for cmd[] + addr[] */ #define CONFIG_M2S_SPI 1 #define CONFIG_SPI_MAX_XF_LEN 65530 /* * Configure SPI Flash */ #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH 1 #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_SPANSION 1 #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_BUS 0 #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_CS 0 #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_MODE 3 #define CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_SPEED (CONFIG_SYS_M2S_SYSREF / 4) #define CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_SPEED CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_SPEED #define CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_MODE CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_MODE /* * U-boot environment configuration */ #define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_SPI_FLASH 1 #define CONFIG_ENV_SECT_SIZE 0x1000 #define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE CONFIG_ENV_SECT_SIZE #define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x0 #define CONFIG_ENV_SPI_BUS CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_BUS #define CONFIG_ENV_SPI_CS CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_CS #define CONFIG_ENV_SPI_MAX_HZ CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_SPEED #define CONFIG_ENV_SPI_MODE CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_MODE #define CONFIG_INFERNO 1 #define CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE 1 /* * Location of kernel image and Co in SPI. * Linux MTD driver has no boot sectors support, so locate kernel * with 64K alignment */ #define CONFIG_ENV_IMG_OFFSET 0x10000 /* * Serial console configuration: MSS UART1 */ #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550 1 #undef CONFIG_NS16550_MIN_FUNCTIONS #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550_SERIAL 1 #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550_REG_SIZE (-4) #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550_CLK clock_get(CLOCK_PCLK0) #define CONFIG_CONS_INDEX 1 #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550_COM1 0x40000000 #define CONFIG_BAUDRATE 115200 #define CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE { 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 } /* * Console I/O buffer size */ #define CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE 256 /* * Print buffer size */ #define CONFIG_SYS_PBSIZE (CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE + \ sizeof(CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT) + 16) /* * Ethernet driver configuration */ #define CONFIG_NET_MULTI #define CONFIG_M2S_ETH #define CONFIG_SYS_RX_ETH_BUFFER 2 /* * Use standard MII PHY API */ #define CONFIG_MII #define CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN #define CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_START CONFIG_SYS_RAM_BASE #define CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_END (CONFIG_SYS_RAM_BASE + \ CONFIG_SYS_RAM_SIZE) /* * Needed by "loadb" */ #define CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR CONFIG_SYS_RAM_BASE /* * Monitor is actually in eNVM. In terms of U-Boot, it is neither "flash", * not RAM, but CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_BASE must be defined. */ #define CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_BASE 0x0 /* * Monitor is not in flash. Needs to define this to prevent * U-Boot from running flash_protect() on the monitor code. */ #define CONFIG_MONITOR_IS_IN_RAM 1 /* * Enable all those monitor commands that are needed */ #include <config_cmd_default.h> #undef CONFIG_CMD_BOOTD #undef CONFIG_CMD_CONSOLE #undef CONFIG_CMD_ECHO #undef CONFIG_CMD_EDITENV #undef CONFIG_CMD_FPGA #undef CONFIG_CMD_IMI #undef CONFIG_CMD_ITEST #undef CONFIG_CMD_IMLS #define CONFIG_CMD_LOADS #undef CONFIG_CMD_MISC #define CONFIG_CMD_NET #undef CONFIG_CMD_NFS #undef CONFIG_CMD_SOURCE #undef CONFIG_CMD_XIMG #undef CONFIG_CMD_SOMTEST #if defined(CONFIG_SPI_FLASH) #define CONFIG_CMD_SF #endif /* * To save memory disable long help */ #undef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP /* * Max number of command args */ #define CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS 16 /* * Auto-boot sequence configuration */ #define CONFIG_BOOTDELAY 3 #define CONFIG_ZERO_BOOTDELAY_CHECK #define CONFIG_HOSTNAME m2s-som #define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "m2s_platform=m2s-som "\ "console=ttyS0,115200 panic=10" #define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "run flashboot" /* * Macro for the "loadaddr". The most optimal load address * for the non-compressed uImage is the kernel link address * (CONFIG_SYS_RAM_BASE + 0x8000) minus sizeof uImage header (0x40), * so the kernel start address would be loaded just to the right * place. */ #define UIMAGE_LOADADDR 0xA0007FC0 /* * Short-cuts to some useful commands (macros) */ #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \ "loadaddr=" MK_STR(UIMAGE_LOADADDR) "\0" \ "args=setenv bootargs " CONFIG_BOOTARGS "\0" \ "ethaddr=C0:B1:3C:83:83:83\0" \ "ipaddr=172.17.4.219\0" \ "serverip=172.17.0.1\0" \ "image=networking.uImage\0" \ "spiaddr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ENV_IMG_OFFSET) "\0" \ "spisize=400000\0" \ "spiprobe=sf probe " MK_STR(CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_BUS) "\0" \ "addip=setenv bootargs ${bootargs}" \ " ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}:${gatewayip}:" \ "${netmask}:${hostname}:eth0:off\0" \ "flashboot=run args addip;run spiprobe;" \ " sf read ${loadaddr} ${spiaddr} ${spisize};" \ " bootm ${loadaddr}\0" \ "netboot=tftp ${loadaddr} ${image};run args addip;bootm\0" \ "update=tftp ${loadaddr} ${image};run spiprobe;" \ " sf erase ${spiaddr} ${filesize};" \ " sf write ${loadaddr} ${spiaddr} ${filesize};" \ " setenv spisize 0x${filesize}; saveenv\0" /* * Linux kernel boot parameters configuration */ #define CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS #define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG #endif /* __CONFIG_H */ | Mid | [
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> typedef enum { TGNetworkTypeUnknown, TGNetworkTypeNone, TGNetworkTypeGPRS, TGNetworkTypeEdge, TGNetworkType3G, TGNetworkTypeLTE, TGNetworkTypeWiFi, } TGNetworkType; typedef enum { TGAutoDownloadModeNone = 0, TGAutoDownloadModeCellularContacts = 1 << 0, TGAutoDownloadModeWifiContacts = 1 << 1, TGAutoDownloadModeCellularPrivateChats = 1 << 2, TGAutoDownloadModeWifiPrivateChats = 1 << 3, TGAutoDownloadModeCellularGroups = 1 << 4, TGAutoDownloadModeWifiGroups = 1 << 5, TGAutoDownloadModeCellularChannels = 1 << 6, TGAutoDownloadModeWifiChannels = 1 << 7, TGAutoDownloadModeAutosavePhotosAll = TGAutoDownloadModeCellularContacts | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularPrivateChats | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularGroups | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularChannels, TGAutoDownloadModeAllPrivateChats = TGAutoDownloadModeCellularContacts | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiContacts | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularPrivateChats | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiPrivateChats, TGAutoDownloadModeAllGroups = TGAutoDownloadModeCellularGroups | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiGroups | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularChannels | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiChannels, TGAutoDownloadModeAll = TGAutoDownloadModeCellularContacts | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiContacts | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularPrivateChats | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiPrivateChats | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularGroups | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiGroups | TGAutoDownloadModeCellularChannels | TGAutoDownloadModeWifiChannels } TGAutoDownloadMode; typedef enum { TGAutoDownloadChatContact, TGAutoDownloadChatOtherPrivateChat, TGAutoDownloadChatGroup, TGAutoDownloadChatChannel } TGAutoDownloadChat; @interface TGAutoDownloadPreferences : NSObject <NSCoding> @property (nonatomic, readonly) bool disabled; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode photos; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode videos; @property (nonatomic, readonly) int32_t maximumVideoSize; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode documents; @property (nonatomic, readonly) int32_t maximumDocumentSize; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode gifs; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode voiceMessages; @property (nonatomic, readonly) TGAutoDownloadMode videoMessages; - (instancetype)updateDisabled:(bool)disabled; - (instancetype)updatePhotosMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode; - (instancetype)updateVideosMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode maximumSize:(int32_t)maximumSize; - (instancetype)updateDocumentsMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode maximumSize:(int32_t)maximumSize; - (instancetype)updateGifsMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode; - (instancetype)updateVoiceMessagesMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode; - (instancetype)updateVideoMessagesMode:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode; + (bool)shouldDownload:(TGAutoDownloadMode)mode inChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadPhotoInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadVideoInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadDocumentInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadGifInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadVoiceMessageInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)shouldDownloadVideoMessageInChat:(TGAutoDownloadChat)chat networkType:(TGNetworkType)networkType; - (bool)isDefaultPreferences; + (instancetype)defaultPreferences; + (instancetype)preferencesWithLegacyDownloadPrivatePhotos:(bool)privatePhotos groupPhotos:(bool)groupPhotos privateVoiceMessages:(bool)privateVoiceMessages groupVoiceMessages:(bool)groupVoiceMessages privateVideoMessages:(bool)privateVideoMessages groupVideoMessages:(bool)groupVideoMessages; @end | Mid | [
0.583877995642701,
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I had an interesting chat with a co-worker a couple of weeks ago. I haven’t written about it yet because I feel that in a lot of ways I still don’t know exactly what it means. Two months after I graduated from college, I took a job teaching in the Watts area of Los Angeles. I taught for three years, and I loved every moment of the teaching. After two months searching for a job, I took a job in the Boyle Heights area of Los Angeles. I couldn’t really tell you why except for the fact that I need to feel useful. Now, in about three months, I’ll have spent five years in these two neighborhoods. It’s like I blinked and all of a sudden I’m sitting here not quite knowing what to make of it all. I cherish every single moment, even the more painful ones because of everything they have taught me about life and living and being alive. And, if I were to continue as I do, I’m sure I’d find another job in a similar neighborhood and continue on as I do. I would experience extreme highs. I would go home every single day tired but content in my contribution to society. I would experience absolute lows and cry myself to sleep because I wouldn’t be sure if I could still handle the pain around me. I would laugh with kids most people wouldn’t give the time of day to. I would sob uncontrollably over reality TV shows about gang intervention. I would smile and laugh. I’d do it all, and I’d think that it was normal. Just as I do now. I think it’s normal because I can’t think of a better way to live. I feel such a deep connection to humanity through what I do, and it’s beautiful. What my coworker said to me was that five years was a long time to experience something as though it were simply an experience. She also said the words that have been replaying in my mind over and over again: You need to respect your experience and what it has done to you. She suggested that truly respecting the experience wouldn’t come until I was away from it. I think I have been coming very close to this conclusion on my own. A few months ago when I decided to look for a new job, I said that I was thinking of “selling out” for a year or two, getting myself together (financially, I meant) and returning. It always comes back to returning for me, but in that statement alone I can see that I know that I need to step away. Perhaps some of it is burnout. But I think a bigger part of it is what my coworker was able to verbalize. As long as this is every day and normal, I will never be able to see what it has done to me. I know that is very true because every time I have sat down to start writing out what this entire experience has meant to me, I can’t. I can’t because it’s not over, and it’s just the life I live. I will never pull out the moments and the lessons that I have learned in these years and attribute them to the qualities in myself that I admire most. And, yes, I do admire qualities in myself. Some of my favorite things about myself are my inner strength, my calmness, my resilience, my ability to put things in perspective, my vitality, my ability to take risks, and my ability to love deeply with no expectations. Right now, all of these things exist in a big blur of survival. They have been refined and honed in circumstances that have forced them. Either survive this way, or be eaten alive. I know that very well. Perhaps in some ways that is why they have developed. It has been a journey. I can tell you very clearly how broken I was my first year. How much every little hurt rocked me so deeply that it was though I would never heal. Now, all of these things are part of me in a very simple way. My spirit is deeply tied to what I do and the people—especially the young people—I have worked with and continue to work with. I have learned that my perspective has been so deeply shaped by my experiences in very little ways. I was a chronic worrier and organizer prior to these five years. Now, very little fazes me. I take almost all of my problems in stride because I know without a shadow of a doubt that they’re not a big deal. I’m so willing to trust myself and take risks because I have seen what happens firsthand when you are not afforded those luxuries. And yes they are luxuries. But I think that maybe it’s time that I do respect my experience and know that even strength and more positives will come from time away. It will be a different growth experience, but a necessary one. I don’t know how long it will take or what I will discover. The one thing that I do know is that every bit of me that I love so much is deeply rooted and shaped by these experiences, and I wouldn’t trade them for anything in this world. Blogroll Crossing the border at two in the morning was an experience that Aiden hated. It was dreary. The agent booths at the border were extra menacing. There was a glow about the border that he hated. Fluorescent lights were everywhere. It was like a makeshift interrogation room, but outdoors and... Read more. Ayanna stared through the double glass window of her office out to the ring. The seats were about seventy-five percent full, and she tapped the toe of her black stiletto on the cement floor with arms folded across her chest. Aiden was struggling in the ring, and a small smile... Read more. | Mid | [
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Abnormal white matter signal on MR imaging is related to abnormal tissue microstructure. White matter signal-intensity abnormalities (WMSA) on MR imaging are related to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may detect alterations in cerebral white matter microstructure and thus may help confirm the pathologic basis of WMSA. This study aimed to relate regional DTI measures with severity of WMSA in very preterm infants. One hundred eleven preterm infants (birth weight, <1250 g and/or gestational age, <30 weeks) were scanned at term-equivalent age (1.5T). WMSA were classified as normal, focal, or extensive. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (lambda1), and radial ([lambda2 + lambda3]/2) diffusivity were calculated in 12 regions of interest placed in the bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule, frontal (superior and inferior), sensorimotor, and occipital (superior and inferior) white matter regions. Data were compared by using 1-way analysis of variance, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Thirty-nine infants had normal, 59 infants had focal, and 13 infants had extensive WMSA. Compared with infants with normal or focal WMSA, infants with extensive WMSA had significantly lower FA in the internal capsule (P < .001), right inferior frontal regions (P < .05), and right superior occipital regions (P = .01); and higher radial diffusivity in the right internal capsule (P = .005), bilateral sensorimotor (P < .05), and right superior occipital regions (P < .05). Compared with infants with normal WMSA, infants with extensive WMSA had significantly higher ADC in bilateral sensorimotor regions (P < .01) and right superior occipital regions (P = .01), and lower axial diffusivity in the bilateral sensorimotor regions (P < .05). There are significant region-specific changes in ADC, FA, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity in preterm infants with extensive WMSA. Altered radial diffusivity was most prominent. This implies that disrupted premyelinating oligodendroglia is the major correlate with extensive WMSA rather than axonal pathology. | High | [
0.6906077348066291,
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Shredded Barbecue Chicken Sandwiches from Jamie Purviance INGREDIENTS Sauce 2 tbsp. unsalted butter 1/2 cup minced yellow onion 1 cup ketchup 2 tbsp. fresh lemon juice 2 tbsp. soy sauce 1/2 tsp. Tabasco sauce DIRECTIONS 1. To make the sauce: In a medium saucepan over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the onion and cook until soft, 3 to 4 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add the remaining sauce ingredients. Stir and cook for about 3 minutes. 2. Lightly brush or spray the chicken on both sides with oil and season with salt and pepper to taste. Grill over direct medium heat until the meat is firm to the touch and no longer pink in the center, 8 to 12 minutes, turning once. Remove from the grill and let rest for 3 to 5 minutes. Shred the chicken, add to the sauce, and heat through over medium heat. 3. Grill the rolls over direct medium heat until lightly toasted, 30 to 60 seconds. Build each sandwich with a roll and some shredded chicken. | Mid | [
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34,
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1. Field of the Invention The present invention is relating to snapping fabrics, especially to a fabric combination having the similar snapping effect of traditional VELCRO. 2. The Relating Prior Art VELCRO, a leading brand of hook and loop fabric, as a conventional snapping or gripping fabrics can be found in our living environment and widely used in garment, leather goods, shoes, diaper, helmet, etc. The major reason is that the VELCRO is convenient in snapping. However, there are some unsatisfied drawbacks in using VELCRO, for example, VELCRO is stiff in texture, has a certain thickness and is difficult to produced directly connected to the fabric. Normally, it should be by sewing or other ways to attach or connect the VELCRO on the articles which using said VELCRO. Therefore, if the articles using VELCRO requires to be soft in texture or less thick than the thickness of VELCRO, due to the texture of VELCRO material, the VELCRO is difficult to meet such requirements. Taiwan Utility Model Publication No. 479,477 is relating to thin base fabrics having a snapping surface knitted by a single filament. It disclosed a snapping fabric with a base fabric which formed by each weft filament being knitted to become a node then each adjacent nodes being interlocked to form a pair of inlay, then, by interlocking continuous nodes to form the strips of combining the base warp tissues. That means, the base fabrics of said snapping fabrics is made by single filament, under special knitting for to the curving floating circles thereby providing a thinner VELCRO. The fact prevents the trouble caused by the thickness of VELCRO. Beside the above-mentioned thickness issue, there is still a problem of unintended adherence. The reason is that the loops of convention snapping fabrics are too large in dimension which providing the opportunity of small things to insert through or fall within the loops. | Low | [
0.49693251533742305,
30.375,
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A 16-year-old Chinese tennis star, Sun Yingsha has defied all odds to defeat Chen Meng in a crowd pleasing 4-3 final to take the Women’s Singles title at the Seamaster 2017 ITTF World Tour Lion Japan Open on Sunday (today) in Tokyo. Playing in her first senior event, SUN started her giant slaying spree in Tokyo, eliminating world number four & number one seed, FENG Tianwei (SGP), two-time World Junior Champion WANG Manyu (CHN) en route to face off her teammate CHEN in the final. Trailing 1-3 against CHEN, who was the favourite for the Gold medal, SUN made an amazing comeback to push CHEN into the seventh game, where she prevailed to take her first senior title 4-3 (9-11, 11-9, 8-11, 8-11, 11-7, 11-9, 11-8). “I’m excited about winning this, especially having to come back from 1-3 down at the start. It never crossed my mind that I could win both the Singles & Doubles Gold here in Tokyo,” stated the Chinese teenager. I think because it’s my first senior event, I have no pressure or mental burden. I was just playing my best for each & every match.” In a rematch of the World Championship’s dramatic final, reigning World & Olympic Champion MA Long (CHN) repeated his success against world number two FAN Zhendong (CHN) to finally claim his first Japan Open crown, the title that has been eluding him for years. The 28-year-old completed the feat defeating FAN 4-1 (11-7, 5-11, 11-7, 11-8, 11-5) to win his 24th ITTF World Tour title, just 2 short of the record of 26 held by Belarussian legend Vladimir SAMSONOV. “Of course, I’m feeling very happy about this title, my first Japan Open Singles title. I finished second 10 years ago, so it feels great that I finally broke this curse.” With the conclusion of the Seamaster 2017 ITTF World Tour Platinum Lion Japan Open, the world’s top table tennis stars will head to Chengdu, China for the Seamaster 2017 ITTF World Tour Platinum China Open. The China Open will be the third platinum event of the Seamaster 2017 ITTF World Tour which features 12 events across the world in 2017 plus a World Tour Grand Finals, which only the top 16 male and female players from the 12 World Tour events qualify for. | High | [
0.661971830985915,
35.25,
18
] |
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Where Do We Stand? Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was initially described in 1976. In 1981, Dr. Guilleminault emphasized that pediatric OSA was different from the clinical presentation reported in adults. It was characterized by more disturbed nocturnal sleep than excessive daytime sleepiness, and presented more behavioral problems, particularly school problems, hyperactivity, nocturnal enuresis, sleep terrors, depression, insomnia, and psychiatric problems. The underlying causes of pediatric OSA are complex. Such factors as adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, anatomical and neuromuscular factors, and hypotonic neuromuscular disease are also involved. Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has been the recommended treatment for pediatric OSA, but in the recent past this practice has been placed very much in question. Therefore, we will discuss the mechanism of pediatric OSA and investigate obese and nonobese pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. Moreover, the important concept that dysfunction leads to the dysmorphism that impacts on the size of the upper airway has been advanced recently. Finally, the treatments of pediatric OSA, such as T&A, medication, the orthodontic approaches (rapid maxillary expansion, or mandibular advancement with functional appliances), positive airway pressure, and noninvasive treatment, such as myofunctional therapy (MFT), will be investigated. A "passive MFT" has been tried recently, but very few results exist. In conclusion, we have made progress in our understanding of pediatric OSA, and we can even recognize factors leading to its development or worsening. However, pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists are often unaware of the advances and the remedies available. | High | [
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November 18th, 2017 Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland: Reports and photos from around the globe show Air Force One drawing large penises in the sky whenever President Trump is on board. At first, the Air Forces Special Air Mission Command denied the accusations or tried to place the blame on other rogue pilots on training missions, but recent photos clearly show the phallus-shaped jet streams appearing wherever Air Force One goes. RFN reporter Andy Mocksham went to the headquarters of the Special Air Mission at Andrews Air Force base and was granted an interview with the Air Mobility Command spokesperson, Lt Bullocks. When asked why the pilots were drawing the penises and who was authorizing them to do so, Lt Bullocks said: “The Commander and Chief.” “The President?” “Yes Mocksham, the President is the Commander and Chief.” “President Trump is fixated on the size of his hands and his, well…Tallywacker. In fact, that is the official code name for the maneuver that is executed to make the drawings. The Tallywacker.” “Once he found out that the maneuver is practiced by all military pilots he insisted on it becoming his trademark whenever Air Force One departs a destination, weather permitting of course.” “The pilots are instructed to execute the Tallywacker maneuver so that it is pointing in the direction of Trump Tower in New York City. The President actually rates the pilots on how well they perform the maneuver and gives his favorites new call signs.” “His current top pilot designation is “Skyscraper.” Trump and “Skyscraper” | Low | [
0.43037974683544306,
25.5,
33.75
] |
A single-port technique for laparoscopic extended stapled appendectomy. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has become an exciting area of surgical development. Significant limitations to this surgical concept include lack of surgical expertise and appropriate flexible instrumentation. An alternative and competing technology to NOTES is single-incision laparoscopic surgery. This study describes a patient in whom a laparoscopic surgical technique for appendectomy used incisions that were all placed within the umbilicus. The operative time was 40 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. The patient did well postoperatively and was discharged on postoperative day 1. There were no perioperative complications at 1-month follow-up. Appendectomy performed through laparoscopic incisions placed within the umbilicus was technically feasible and safe. Development of advanced flexible instrumentation and visualization platform may facilitate this new operative approach. | Mid | [
0.655,
32.75,
17.25
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Newer Indications for ICD and CRT. The first implantable pacemaker was developed about 50 years ago. Since that time, cardiac implantable electronic device therapy (CIED) has undergone dramatic changes. Two of the most significant advances are the development of implantable defibrillators (ICDs) to treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias and prevent sudden death and left ventricular-based pacing to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). In this article, the authors review the current indications for ICD and CRT, with particular emphasis on recent updates in guidelines. Many countries and regions of the world now have guidelines for CIED use. In this article, the authors only focus on US guidelines. | High | [
0.6808510638297871,
34,
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42 seconds. That’s the average length of Jesus’ recorded conversations. Jesus changed the world, person by person, 42 seconds at a time, and so can we. About the Book What if followers of Jesus were better equipped to live like Jesus, embracing, authentically, every interaction? 42 Seconds helps you to live and speak like Jesus in every conversation throughout your day — at the mailbox, over the fence, and in the grocery store. Taking cues from Jesus’ example, and his own stories, Carl Medearis emboldens you with these simple Kingdom truths so you can share your life in Jesus with others in the most natural ways. Be kind. It’s basically impossible to introduce our neighbors and coworkers to Jesus if we’re not kind to them. Be present. Being present for God may be the key to life. Be brave. It will stretch your faith. Be Jesus. As believers, his actual presence is in us, which means that we can be the actual presence of Jesus to others. Resources Check out the following resources to use alongside 42 Seconds with your church, book club, small group, or other gathering. And, we’d love to hear from you regarding other resources you think would be helpful to you and your group! Meet Carl Medearis Carl Medearis is an international expert in Arab-American and Muslim-Christian relations. He acts as a catalyst for movements in the Middle East to promote peace-making and cultural, political, and religious dialogue for reconciliation. He works with leaders in the West and in the Arab world with the hope of seeing them experience full and fruitful relationships through the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. We hope you’ll consider joining Carl and his wife, Chris, at one of the annual Simply Jesus Gatherings. Simply Jesus began in 2013 as a conversational space and growing community seeking to inspire people of all backgrounds to consider, wonder, and dialogue about the person, life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Praise for 42 Seconds “Jesus is the most disruptive person who ever lived, because he’s always focused on growth, not on perpetuating the status quo. Likewise, my Jesus-loving friend Carl Medearis is one of the most disruptive people I’ve ever met—you’ll see what I mean when you read 42 Seconds. These short bursts of truth, at times hilarious and at times profound, will move you deeper into a lifestyle that produces fruit in others’ lives. Listen and learn from Carl, and you’ll leave the status quo behind for something like an epic adventure.” Rick LawrenceAuthor of The Jesus-Centered Life, General Editor of the Jesus-Centered Bible, and host of the podcast “Paying Ridiculous Attention to Jesus” “I am a big fan of Carl Medearis. He’s always fun yet challenging, provocative yet deeply biblical. In 42 Seconds, he is no different. Exploring the art of getting to the point with people just like Jesus does is so necessary in our present cultural moment. You will be blessed and challenged by this book.” Daniel FuscoPastor of Crossroads Community Church (Vancouver, WA and Portland, OR) and author of Upward, Inward, Outward and Honestly “Carl Medearis does it again. He brings enormous ideas down to earth where we all live and helps us to see how—as Dallas Willard used to say—“We can live our lives the way Jesus would live our lives . . . if Jesus had our lives to live.” And Jesus is supposed to have our lives to live. Carl brings amazingly simple, insightful, and practical suggestions directly from the life of Jesus . . . and offers them to us to practice in our real, everyday lives.” Bart TarmanSpeaker, artist, former chaplain of Westmont College “It’s amazing how often our words and actions can make the Good News Jesus proclaimed and embodied sound and look like Bad News. Our world is in desperate need of Jesus people to take seriously our invitation to speak, think, and act in ways reflective of the One we follow. In this book, Carl offers a relatable, thoughtful, and extremely tangible guide for how to not only say we believe in the Good News but narrate it with our lives.” Jon HuckinsPastor, coauthor of Mending the Divides “Thank you Carl Medearis for helping the Church untangle herself from the anxiety of evangelism and the imposter syndrome of apologetics and proving a beautifully practical and Jesus-centered way to embody the gospel! 42 Seconds helps ordinary Jesus followers learn how to both speak and also become good news to the people around us.” Bruxy CaveyTeaching Pastor at The Meeting House, author of The End of Religion and ReUnion: the Good News of Jesus for Seekers, Saints, and Sinners Order 42 Seconds Join the 42 Seconds Launch Team! Enter your info below to receive 4 weekly installments of the book to read in advance, free leadership resources, access to 4 private Facebook live discussions with Carl, and bulk discounts on 42 Seconds. Thanks for joining the 42 Seconds Launch Team! We are looking forward to connecting with you and will be in touch soon with more information. We take your privacy seriously and will never share your contact information with anyone. | Mid | [
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Product Details Bern Brentwood w/Visor Bern's Brentwood is loaded with stylish looks, excellent comfort, and sweet features. Bern's Zipmold construction pairs a tough PVC shell with liquid-injected foam for great protection. And, for excellent comfort, you get 11 vents, easy-to-adjust straps, and a cool removable visor to shield your eyes, or to flip up for extra style. | Low | [
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Cyril Clague Cyril Clague (c.1880 – 28 July 1946) was the author of the popular Manx dialect poem, The Peel Manx Tay Party. Life Clague was born in c.1880, the son of Henry Clague, a Douglas draper. After leaving the Douglas Higher Grade School (later the Douglas High School), Clague entered the main Douglas Post Office as a probationer, where he served until transferring to Liverpool at the opening of the new General Post Office there. After about 11 years in Liverpool, he returned to the Isle of Man in 1910, when he entered the controlling staff on the Main Post Office in Douglas. He remained in this position until retiring in October 1939, having reached the retiring age limit. Whilst in Liverpool, Clague became a qualified signaller attached to the Liverpool Scottish Territorial Battalion. Upon returning to Douglas, he became honorary instructor of signalling to the Isle of Man Volunteer Battalion. At the outbreak of the First World War, Clague was called up and attached to the Royal Engineers, but was soon brought back to the Isle of Man after protestations by the Island's Head Postmaster. Throughout the rest of the war Clague was in charge of the post office at Knockaloe Internment Camp. At the outbreak of the Second World War Clague became employed by the Military Service Division of Government Office but later joined the Food Control Division. He came to be Food Controller before falling ill in around June 1946. He died about a month later, at his home, 30 Alexandra Drive, Douglas, on Sunday 28 July 1946. Manx dialect From at least 1922 Clague was performing in Manx dialect theatre, being commended for his part in a play by W. B. Meyrick for his having 'provided many humorous incidents.' As well his performances, Clague also wrote a number of poems in Manx dialect. One of these, The Peel Manx Tea Party, became popular as a performance piece during his lifetime, including among Manx emigrants to North America. The poem continues to be performed today, despite never having been published in either the Manx newspapers or in book form. because it today has no single written source, the poem is known by a number of titles, including 'The Peel Tay Fight' and 'The Tay Fight at Peel.' The poem can also be heard in a number of small variants, but one version of its opening stanza is as follows: Have thou aver been to a tay fight in the counthry of oul Mona’s Isle? Thou haven’t! – well then jus’ listen a minute, sit down and res’ a while, And I’ll do me bes’ to tell yer, of a do that was given in Peel, Aw, them Peel gals are the boys, they’re sayin’, to provide a tremenjous good meal. References Category:Manx poets Category:1946 deaths Category:Manx people Category:Year of birth uncertain | Mid | [
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Britney Spears' Driver Hits the Road As we reported earlier this month, Britney Spears finally had a sudden growth of brain cells and hired a driver to help shoulder the load behind the wheel. Which is great, as the court says she can't drive with Sean Preston and Jayden James in the car, and she sucks at it to boot. Well, it was good while it lasted - mere days later, T.H. Gossip has learned that the driver is already history. Sean Preston and Jayden James: Fighting for their lives. The chauffeur/driver Britney Spears hired to drive her, the young children and the famed court monitor around town is resigning his post. The reason: "Driving for Britney Spears is a liability." Who would've guessed. A source close to Spears said that the driver and a monitor both had very close calls with paparazzi and other vehicles while driving Spears around. A close call? Quiet down, you losers. She normally drives through red lights - or with no license, or into other cars, or over the feet of unsuspecting celebrity news reporters! A close call? That's nothing. Call us when you hit someone. I miss it here so much! I love it so much! It makes me it's kinda like bittersweet coming here because I used to live here for two years. And when I come here, it's like, man, I wish I had my apartment here still. | Low | [
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Q: Joomla - Force File Download / CSV Export I'm in need of help... this is my first time asking a question in SO, so please be kind :) I'm trying to force-download a file from php, so when the user hits a certain button, he gets a file download. The file is a csv (email, username) of all registered users. I decided to add this button to the admin > users screen, as you can see in this screenshot. So I added the following code to the addToolbar function in administrator/components/com_users/views/users/view.html.php: JToolBarHelper::custom('users.export', 'export.png', 'export_f2.png', 'Exportar', false); This button is mapped to the following function in the com_users\controller\users.php controller: public function exportAllUsers() { ob_end_clean(); $app = JFactory::getApplication(); header("Content-type: text/csv"); header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=ideary_users.csv"); header("Pragma: no-cache"); header("Expires: 0"); echo "email,name\n"; $model = $this->getModel("Users"); $users = $model->getAllUsers(); foreach ($users as $user) { echo $user->email . ", " . ucwords(trim($user->name)) . "\r\n"; } $app->close(); } Now, this is actually working perfectly fine. The issue here is that after I download a file, if I hit any button in the admin that causes a POST, instead of it performing the action it should, it just downloads the file over again! For example: I hit the "Export" button "users.csv" downloads Then, I hit the "search" button "users.csv" downloads... what the hell? I'm guessing that when I hit the export button, a JS gets called and sets a form's action attribute to an URL... and expects a response or something, and then other button's are prevented from re-setting the form's action attribute. I can't think of any real solution for this, but I'd rather avoid hacks if possible. So, what would be the standard, elegant solution that joomla offers in this case? A: I think the bit you're missing is the Javascript that handles toolbar buttons, if you're just doing default actions New/Delete/Publish/Unpublish etc you don't need to add anything. However, for custom buttons you usually have to override the default behaviour (which sets some hidden form values as they expect a page to be returned, causing a refresh and never hitting the problem you've encountered). So normally a button relies on the submitbutton() from includes/js/joomla.javascript.js function submitbutton(pressbutton) { submitform(pressbutton); } Which amongst other things sets the value of the task input field of the #adminForm to the buttons task, i.e. in your case user.export You will need to add some Javascript to com_users/views/users/tmpl/default.php to call your method via window.location or similar. As you don't want the default behaviour you need to create your own override for submitbutton() something like this: function submitbutton(pressbutton) { // Check if it's your button if(pressbutton == 'users.export') { // Call your method with something like this: window.location = 'index.php?option=com_users&task=users.export' // That should be it, this way you don't set the task value for future clicks } else { // If not follow the normal path document.adminForm.task.value=pressbutton; submitform(pressbutton); } } You can find more here in the archived section of the Joomla Doc's website. | Mid | [
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1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tongue lid pack for filter cigarettes, a blank for forming the pack, and a method for forming the pack from the blank. 2. Description of the Related Art In order to contain 20 filter cigarettes, a hinged lid pack is generally used. This pack is hard as compared with the soft pack, and can protect the filter cigarettes therein from an external force appropriately. For forming the above hinged lid pack, a main blank for a pack body having a lid and a sub-blank for an inner frame are needed. In view of an effective use of sources, the use of the hinged lid pack is not favorable. | Low | [
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Molecular analysis reveals the diversity of Hepatozoon species naturally infecting domestic dogs in a northern region of Brazil. This study aimed to optimize molecular methods for detecting DNA of Hepatozoon spp. as well as identify the phylogenetic relationships of Hepatozoon strains naturally infecting domestic dogs in Belém, Pará, northern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 138 dogs, and screened for Hepatozoon spp. using a new nested PCR assay. Positive samples were subjected to genetic characterization based on amplification and sequencing of approximately 670bp of the Hepatozoon spp. 18S rRNA. Of the positive dogs, four shared the haplotype Belém 01, one dog presented the haplotype Belém 02 and two dogs shared the haplotype Belém 03. A Bayesian inference indicates that haplotypes Belém 01 and Belém 02 are phylogenetically related to H. canis, while Belém 03 is related to H. americanum. Overall, based on the first molecular evidence of H. americanum in Brazilian domestic dogs, the proposed protocol may improve the epidemiological investigation of canine hepatozoonosis. | Mid | [
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Bitcoin invest j4 fencing 09.11.2018 More specifically, bitcoin are probably excited about cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin or Bitcoin, or Ether. What Are You Investing Fencing The blockchain is, most simply, a digital, decentralized and inalterable ledger. What does fencing mean, exactly? A ledger bitcoin a invest technology used to record transaction histories and ownership; it is a definitive account of who has given what to who, and who owns invest. This means that they are subject to the discretion and power of individuals, and are alterable and impermanent. A digital ledger addresses most of these concerns, and pretty effectively. The codes for the blocks are broken by miners. This adds the block to the blockchain, thereby rendering that data permanent and inalterable. They are rewarded, in the cryptocurrency produced by the particular blockchain they are working on. This is where you come in — potential buyer and fencing. These cryptocurrencies can be very valuable, and are valued at increasing heights, the more successful a particular blockchain and cryptocurrency is. How Can You Invest in Bitcoin Crypto So, this is a step-by-step guide for how to buy fencing invest in cryptocurrency, and Blockchain ventures more broadly. Coinbase If you are just getting acquainted with cryptocurrencies and the Blockchain, I would suggest starting with a site like Coinbase. Most of us lack the technological inclination or means to mine Bitcoin directly, or communicate and trade with miners directly, or store bitcoin digital currencies and assets. Coinbase is a global digital asset exchange company GDAXproviding a marketplace for digital currencies, and then sending information about the transactions that happen in its marketplace to the appropriate blockchain network, so that those transactions can be recorded in the blockchain. Coinbase serves as a digital wallet, too, where you can store the digital currencies you invest on the platform. Join Bitbond Now The currencies available on Coinbase? Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin and Ether. Buying and Selling on Coinbase In order to buy and sell cryptocurrencies on the platform, you bitcoin have to link an bank account, or debit card to fencing Coinbase account. Wire transfers are also accepted on the platform, but only under specific conditions. Using a bank account or debit card offer different upsides and downsides. Transactions made with funds in a bank account can take a while on Coinbase – generally about days business days. And using fencing account allows users to buy and sell crypto, to deposit money in, and and withdraw money from their Coinbase account. Debit cards, on the other hand, allow you to buy cryptocurrencies available on the platform pretty much instantaneously. Simply by transferring funds from that card to the platform, you can purchase cryptocurrency in an instant. | Low | [
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LITTLE HAWAIIAN KOREAN KITCHEN COOKBOOK LITTLE HAWAIIAN KOREAN KITCHEN COOKBOOK Product Description: The best offrom A Korean Kitchen. Kalbi, kimchi, meat chon and mandu are some of the delectable Korean dishes we love in Hawai‘i. But did you know that some of these dishes are unique to Hawai‘i in the way they are prepared and served? Food writer Joan Namkoong, a second generation Korean American, draws on her island heritage to explain the Korean kitchen in Hawai‘i, distinctly different from a Korean kitchen in Korea. The ingredients, the seasonings, the textures, and flavors in Hawai‘i bear the history of Korean immigrants who came to the islands in the early 1900s. Succeeding generations and more recent immigrants have put their mark on Korean food in Hawai‘i, a popular cuisine that has evolved over the past century. Korean food is a healthy cuisine that relies on many vegetables, grains, fermented foods, and simple cooking techniques that require little fat. Meats are served as a small part of this vegetable-centric cuisine that focuses on many tasty side dishes on the table. It’s a cuisine islanders love for its robust flavors and varied dishes. | Mid | [
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--- abstract: 'Systematic inaccuracy is inherent in any computational estimate of a non-linear average, due to the availability of only a finite number of data values, $N$. Free energy differences ${\Delta F}$ between two states or systems are critically important examples of such averages in physical, chemical and biological settings. Previous work has demonstrated, empirically, that the “finite-sampling error” can be very large — many times $k_BT$ — in ${\Delta F}$ estimates for simple molecular systems. Here, we present a theoretical description of the inaccuracy, including the exact solution of a sample problem, the precise asymptotic behavior in terms of $1/N$ for large $N$, the identification of universal law, and numerical illustrations. The theory relies on corrections to the central and other limit theorems, and thus a role is played by stable (Lévy) probability distributions.' address: | $^\ast$Department of Physiology and $^\dagger$Department of Biophysics,\ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205\ `[email protected], [email protected]` author: - 'Daniel M. Zuckerman$^\ast$ and Thomas B. Woolf$^{\ast \dagger}$' date: 'DRAFT!! DRAFT!!' title: | Theory of Systematic Computational Error\ in Free Energy Differences --- **Introduction.** Free energy difference calculations have a tremendous range of applications in physical, chemical, and biological systems; examples include computations relating magnetic phases, estimates of chemical potentials, and of binding affinities of ligands to proteins (e.g., [@Allen-Tildesley; @Beveridge-1989; @McCammon-1991; @Kollman-1993; @Frenkel-book; @Landau-Binder]). Since the work of Kirkwood [@Kirkwood-1935], it has been appreciated that the free energy difference, ${\Delta F}\equiv {\Delta F}_{0{\rightarrow}1}$, of switching from a Hamiltonian ${{\cal H}}_0$ to ${{\cal H}}_1$ is given by a *non-linear average*, $$\label{dfcomp} {\Delta F}= -k_B T \log{ \left [ \; \langle \, \exp{(-W_{0{\rightarrow}1} / k_B T) } \, \rangle_0 \; \right ] } \, ,$$ where $k_B T$ is the thermal unit of energy at temperature $T$ and $W_{0{\rightarrow}1}$ is the work required to switch the system from ${{\cal H}}_0$ to ${{\cal H}}_1$. The angled brackets indicate an average over switches starting from configurations drawn from the equilibrium distribution governed by ${{\cal H}}_0$. In instantaneous switching the work is defined by $W_{0{\rightarrow}1} = {{\cal H}}_1({\textbf{x}}) - {{\cal H}}_0({\textbf{x}})$ for a start (and end) configuration ${\textbf{x}}$; however, gradual switches requiring a “trajectory”-based work definition may also be used as was pointed out by Jarzynski [@Jarzynski-1997a; @Jarzynski-1997b]. Whenever a convex, nonlinear average such as (\[dfcomp\]) is estimated computationally, that result will *always* be systematically biased [@Stone-1982] because one has only a finite amount of data — say, $N$ work values. The bias results from incomplete sampling of the smallest (or most negative) $W_{0{\rightarrow}1}$ values: these values dominate the average (\[dfcomp\]) and cannot be sampled perfectly for finite $N$, regardless of the $W_{0{\rightarrow}1}$ distribution. Thus, a running estimate of ${\Delta F}$ will typically decline as data is gathered. Such considerations led Wood *et al.* [@Wood-1991] to consider the block-averaged $n$-data-point estimate of the free energy based on $N = m n$ total work values $\{W^{(k)} \}$, namely, $$\label{dfncomp} {\Delta F}_n = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{j=1}^m -k_B T \log{ \left[ \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=(j-1)n+1}^{jn} \exp{ ( -W^{(k)} / k_B T ) } \right ] } \, .$$ In the limit $m, N {\rightarrow}\infty$, ${\Delta F}_n$ is mathematically well-defined and amenable to analysis; it represents the expected value of a free energy estimate from $n$ data points — that is, of $$\label{dfninstance} {{\cal F}}_n = -k_BT \log{ \left[ \left. \left( e^{-W_1/k_BT} + \cdots + e^{-W_n/k_BT} \right) \right/ n \right] } \, .$$ See Fig. \[fig:gauss\]. Wood *et al.* estimated the lowest order correction to ${\Delta F}\equiv {\Delta F}_{\infty}$ as $\sigma_w^2 / 2 n k_B T$, where $\sigma_w^2$ is the variance in the distribution of work values, $W$ [@Wood-1991]. Ferrenberg, Landau and Binder discussed analogous issues for the magnetic susceptibility [@Ferrenberg-1991]. More recently, Zuckerman and Woolf [@Zuckerman-2001c] suggested a means by which a range of ${\Delta F}_n$ values for $n < N$ could be used to extrapolate to the true, infinite-data answer, ${\Delta F}$. The authors also observed that, for large $m = N/n$, the free energy is bounded according to $$\label{bound} {\Delta F}\leq {\Delta F}_n \, , \hspace{0.5cm} \mbox{any } n \, .$$ This inequality results from the convexity of the exponential function, as will be demonstrated explicitly in a fuller account of the theory. Finally, Zuckerman and Woolf noted that the leading behavior of ${\Delta F}_n$ appeared to be *not always linear* in $1/n$ but, rather, seemed to behave as $(1/n)^{\tau_1}$ for $\tau_1 \leq 1$. This Letter presents the theory — apparently for the first time — describing the finite-sampling inaccuracy for ${\Delta F}$ estimates. Previous work discussing ${\Delta F}_n$ has been, primarily, empirical [@Wood-1991; @Zuckerman-2001c]. Our report includes (i) the formal analytic expression for the expected value of the error from $N$ work values, ${\Delta F}_N - {\Delta F}$; (ii) an exact solution, for all $N$, of this expected value when the Boltzmann factor of the work value $z \equiv e^{-W/k_BT}$ follows a gamma distribution; (iii) exact asymptotic expressions for ${\Delta F}_n$ and the variance of ${{\cal F}}$ as $n{\rightarrow}\infty$ for arbitrary $W$ distribtions, including non-analytic behavior in the case when the variance and higher moments of $z$ diverge; and (iv) discussion and numerical illustrations based on Gaussian distributions of $W$, plus corrections expected from skewed Gaussian distributions. The present discussion makes use of mathematical results regarding the convergence — to “stable” limiting distributions [@Feller-1971; @Zolotarev-1986; @Uchaikin-Zolotarev], also known as Lévy processes (e.g., [@Shlesinger-1995]) — of the distributions of sums of variables. The results are expected to have practical application in the extrapolation process outlined in [@Zuckerman-2001c]. **Formal Development of ${\Delta F}_n$.** The derivation proceeds via continuum expressions simplified by the definitions $w \equiv W/k_BT$, $f \equiv {\Delta F}/k_BT$, and $f_n \equiv {\Delta F}_n/k_BT$. First, in terms of the probability density $\rho_w$ of work values, which is normalized by $\int {{\mathrm{d}}}w \rho_w(w) = 1$, the free energy is given by the continuum analog of (\[dfcomp\]), $$\label{dfint} f = {\Delta F}/k_BT = - \log{ \! \left [ \int \!\! {{\mathrm{d}}}w \, \rho_w(w) \, e^{-w} \right ] } \, . $$ The finite-data average free energy, following (\[dfncomp\]) must apply the logarithm “before” the average of the $n$ Boltzmann factors, and one has $$\begin{aligned} \label{dfnint} f_n & = & -\int \prod_{i=1}^n \left[ {{\mathrm{d}}}w_i \, \rho_w(w_i) \right] \, \log{ \! \left [ \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n e^{-w_i} \right ] } \, , $$ Now, motivated by the central and related limit theorems [@Ash-1970; @Feller-1971; @Uchaikin-Zolotarev] for the sum of the $e^{-w}$ variables, we introduce a change of variables which will permit the development of a $1/n$ expansion for $f_n$. In particular, we define $$\label{ydef} y = ( e^{-w_1} + \cdots + e^{-w_n} - n e^{-f} ) \, / \, b_1 n^{1/\alpha} \, , $$ where $b_1$ is a constant and $\alpha \leq 2$ is an exponent characterizing the distribution of the variable $e^{-w}$. In fact, the requirement that ${\Delta F}$ be finite in (\[dfint\]) further implies $\alpha > 1$. The finite-data free energy difference can now be written $$\label{dfnofy} f_n = -\int_{-cn^a}^\infty {{\mathrm{d}}}y \, \rho_n(y) \log{ \! \left( e^{-f} + \frac{b_1}{n^a} y \right) } \, $$ where $c = \exp{(-f)} / b_1$, $a \equiv (\alpha-1)/\alpha < 1/2$, and $\rho_n$ is the probability density of the variable $y$. Note that $a$ is always positive because $\alpha>1$. To continue, we must call upon some mathematical results regarding the approach, with increasing $n$, to general stable limit distributions (of which the Gaussian, for $\alpha=2$, is the best known [@Feller-1971; @Uchaikin-Zolotarev]). More precisely, the sum of *any* set of random variables, suitably normalized as in (\[ydef\]), has a distribution with zero mean which may be expressed as a stable distribution function multiplied by a large-$n$ asymptotic expansion [@Feller-1971; @Christoph-Wolf]. **Finite-Moments Case and An Exact Solution.** To illustrate the case of a Gaussian limit ($\alpha=2$), assume the variable $e^{-w}$ possesses finite “Boltzmann moments” — a mean ${\hat{\mu}}=e^{-f}$, variance ${\hat{\sigma}}^2$, and third moment ${\hat{\mu}}_3$ — not to be confused with the moments of the distribution of $w$. The finite-$n$ corrections to the central limit theorem indicate that the variable $y = (\sum^n e^{-w_i} - n {\hat{\mu}})/\sqrt{n} {\hat{\sigma}}$ \[cf. (\[ydef\])\] is distributed according to [@Feller-1971] $$\label{cltn} \rho_n(y) = \rho_G(u;1) \left[ 1 + \nu_1(y) / \sqrt{n} + \nu_2(y) / n + \cdots \right], \,$$ for large $n$, where the remaining terms are higher integer powers of $1/\sqrt{n}$ and the Gaussian density is $$\label{guass} \rho_G(y; \sigma) = \exp{(-y^2/2 \sigma^2)} / \sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma \, ,$$ The $\nu_i$ depend on the original distribution of $e^{-w}$; for instance, $\nu_1(y) = ({\hat{\mu}}_3/6 {\hat{\sigma}}^3) (y^3 - 3 y)$ [@Feller-1971]. Moreover, the $\nu$ functions are odd or even according to whether $i$ is odd or even, in this $\alpha=2$ case. One arrives at the explicit form of the finite-data-corrected free energy for the case of finite ${\hat{\sigma}}^2$ and ${\hat{\mu}}_3$ by substituting (\[cltn\]) into (\[dfnofy\]), along with an expansion of the logarithm about $y=0$. (More careful consideration of series convergence for large $y$ yields the same final result for $f_n$, as will be elucidated in future work.) Because of the odd- and even-ness of the factors to be integrated, one finds an expansion consisting *solely of integer powers of $1/n$*, namely, $$\label{fnclt} f_n = f + \varphi_1/n + \varphi_2/n^2 + \cdots \, ,$$ with $\varphi_1 = {\hat{\sigma}}^2 / 2 {\hat{\mu}}^2$ and $\varphi_2 = -(4 {\hat{\mu}}{\hat{\mu}}_3 - 9 {\hat{\sigma}}^4) / 12 {\hat{\mu}}^4$ . To compare this with the finding of Wood *et al.* for $f_n - f$, one can consider a Gaussian distribution of $W = k_B T w$ with variance $\sigma_w^2$: expanding the resulting Boltzmann moments of previous result for small $\sigma_w$ yields $\varphi_1 = k_BT [\exp{[(\sigma_w/k_BT)^2]} - 1] / 2 \approx \sigma_w^2 / 2 k_BT$, which yields precisely the first-order precdiction of Wood *et al.* [@Wood-1991]. Figure \[fig:gauss\] illustrates the behavior of the finite-data free-energy for a Gaussian distribution of work values, based on numerical block averages (\[dfncomp\]) and the asymptotic behavior given in (\[fnclt\]). Although the leading term in $f_n - f$ is linear in $1/n$, the leading coefficient is exponential in the *square* of the distribution’s width, while the next coefficient depends on the *cube* of the width. The asymptotic expressions (\[fnclt\]) thus represent viable approximations only for a very small window about $1/n = 0$ for large widths. Fig. \[fig:gauss\] shows that such behavior is easily mistaken for non-analytic (e.g., power-law) behavior. An exactly solvable case occurs when the Boltzmann factor $e^{-w} \equiv z$ is distributed according to a gamma distribution, namely, $$\label{gamma-dist} \rho_\Gamma(z;b,q) = (z/b)^{q-1} \exp{(-z/b)} \, / \, b \Gamma(q) \, .$$ Because this density is “infinitely divisible” (see, e.g., [@Feller-1971]) the required sums in (\[dfninstance\]) also follow gamma distributions, and after performing the integration described in (\[dfnofy\]), one finds $$\label{dfn-gamma} f_n(n;b,q) = \log{(n/b)} - \psi(nq) \,$$ where the digamma function is defined by $\psi(x) = ({{\mathrm{d}}}/{{\mathrm{d}}}x) \Gamma(x)$. The exact solution is illustrated in Fig. \[fig:exact-uni\] for $b=10$, $q=2$. When asymmetry is added to a Gaussian distribution via the first Edgeworth correction (see, e.g., [@Feller-1971]), one finds that the exponential dependence of the $\varphi_i$ on $\sigma_w$ is only corrected linearly by the now non-zero third moment of the $W$ distribution. **Divergent Moments Case.** When the variable $e^{-w} \equiv z$ in (\[ydef\]) possesses a long-tailed distribution $\rho_z$, the limiting distribution is not a Gaussian and the results (\[cltn\]) and (\[fnclt\]) no longer hold. In particular, if one of the tails of $\rho_z(z)$ decays as $z^{-(1+\alpha)}$ with $\alpha < 2$ (implying an infinite Boltzmann variance, ${\hat{\sigma}}^2$), then the distribution of the variable $y$ in (\[ydef\]) approaches a non-Gaussian stable law for large $n$ [@Uchaikin-Zolotarev]. Note that such power-law behavior in $z$ corresponds to *simple exponential decay in the work distribution.* Further, because the mean of $e^{-w}$ must be finite for ${\Delta F}$ to exist \[recall (\[dfint\])\], we also have $\alpha > 1$. Unfortunately, no explicit forms for stable distributions are known in the range $1 < \alpha < 2$ [@Uchaikin-Zolotarev]. A long-tailed $z$ distribution $\rho_z \equiv \rho_1$ also alters the *form* of the asymptotic expansion of the sum-variable $y$ distribution and, hence, the expansion of $f_n$. Instead of (\[cltn\]), the distribution of the variable $y$ (\[ydef\]) now takes the more complicated form [@Christoph-Wolf] $$\label{stablen} \rho_n(y) = \rho_\alpha(y) \left[ 1 + {\sum}^* \nu_{uv}(y) / n^{\theta(u,v)} \right] \, , $$ where $\rho_\alpha$ is the appropriate stable probability density with exponent $\alpha$. The functions $\nu_{uv}$, which are not available analytically, depend on the original distribution of $e^{-w}$ and partial derivatives of the stable distribution. The exponents are given by $\theta(u,v) = (u + \alpha v) / \alpha$, and the summation ${\sum}^*$ includes $u\geq0$ and $v \geq - \lceil u/2 \rceil$, where $\lceil x \rceil$ denotes the integer part of $x$. Note that we have omitted an asymmetry parameter, $\beta = 1$, of the stable laws [@Uchaikin-Zolotarev] which will be discussed in future work; it does not, however, affect the form of the expansions. Development of the expansion of $f_n$ for large $n$ in the case of diverging Boltzmann moments is more complicated, and will only be sketched here. The basic strategy is to ensure that the coefficients of the powers of $1/n$ are all rendered in terms of convergent integrals, which requires both an expansion of the logarithm in (\[dfnofy\]), as well as series *and* asymptotic expansions of $\rho_\alpha$ in (\[stablen\]) available from [@Feller-1971; @Zolotarev-1986; @Uchaikin-Zolotarev]. The asymptotic result for $n {\rightarrow}\infty$ takes a reasonably simple form, namely, $$\label{dfndiv} f_n - f \approx \varphi_{\alpha-1} (1/n)^{(\alpha-1)} \, ,$$ where $\varphi_{\alpha-1}(\alpha)$ depends on $\alpha$ and on the distribution $\rho_1$ in a complicated way; details will be presented in a future publication. **Fluctuations and a Universal Law.** The fluctuations in the finite-data free energy, $f_n = {\Delta F}_n / k_BT$, as measured by the variance $\sigma_n$ of ${{\cal F}}_n$ of (\[dfninstance\]), are of considerable interest because of their potential to provide parameter-free extrapolative estimates of $f_\infty = {\Delta F}/k_BT$ [@Zuckerman-2001c]. Formally, the variance is given by $$\label{sigmangen} \left( \frac{\sigma_n}{k_BT} \right)^2 = \int_{-cn^a}^\infty {{\mathrm{d}}}y \, \rho_n(y) \left[ \log{(1+y/cn^a)} \right]^2 - ( f_n - f )^2 \, .$$ Using techniques analogous to those sketched above yields asymptotic expansions for the fluctuations. In the case of finite Boltzmann moments, one finds $$\label{sigmanfinite} \left( \sigma_n/k_BT \right)^2 \approx ({\hat{\sigma}}/ {\hat{\mu}})^2 / n + O\left(n^{-2}\right) \, ,$$ where it should be recalled that the unsubscripted moments refer to the density $\rho_z$. Remarkably, comparison with $\varphi_1$ for (\[fnclt\]) shows that $$\label{finite-uni} f_n - f = (\sigma_n / k_BT )^2 / 2 + O(n^{-2})$$ exactly, as $n{\rightarrow}\infty$, and independent of any parameters of the distribution. This universal law, valid for the case when the second Boltzmann moment is finite, is illustrated in Fig. \[fig:exact-uni\]. The gamma distribution of Boltzmann factors was $\rho_\Gamma(z,10,2)$; see (\[gamma-dist\]). The “regulated power law” distribution is defined by $\rho_{rp}(z) = \alpha / (1+z)^{\alpha+1}$, and we set $\alpha=2.5$. **Conclusions.** Motivated by the need to understand the large-$N$ asymptotic behavior of free-energy-difference estimates based on a finite amount of data ($N$ work values), we have presented a general statistical theory which partially completes the task. Two cases were formally identified, distinguished by whether the second moment of the distribution of *Boltzmann factors* of the required work values is finite. The asymptotic behavior was discussed for both cases, and — for the finite-second-Boltzmann-moment case — an exact solution and a universal law were presented. Much remains to be done, both in terms of theory and applications. A question of particular practical interest is whether parameter-free extrapolation procedures can be devised, particularly in light of the sensitivity of the asymptotic behavior of ${\Delta F}_n$ to the width of the distribution of work values. The authors have benefitted greatly from discussions with Chris Jarzynski, Hirsh Nanda, Lawrence Pratt, and David Zuckerman. We gratefully acknowledge funding provided by the NIH (under grant GM54782), the Bard Foundation, and the Department of Physiology. D.M.Z. is the recipient of a National Research Service Award (GM20394) from the NIH. [10]{} M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, [*Computer Simulation of Liquids*]{} (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987). D. Beveridge and F. Di[C]{}apua, Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. [**18**]{}, 431 (1989). J. A. McCammon, Curr Opin. Struc. Bio. [**2**]{}, 96 (1991). P. A. Kollman, Chemical Reviews [**93**]{}, 2395 (1993). D. Frenkel and B. Smit, [*Understanding Molecular Simulation*]{} (Academic Press, San Diego, 1996). D. P. Landau and K. Binder, [*A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulations in Statistical Physics*]{} (Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2000). J. G. Kirkwood, J. Chem. Phys. [**3**]{}, 300 (1935). C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. [**78**]{}, 2690 (1997). C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. E [**56**]{}, 5018 (1997). A. D. Stone and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. E [**25**]{}, 2400 (1982). R. H. Wood, J. Phys. Chem. [**95**]{}, 4838 (1991). A. M. Ferrenberg, D. P. Landau, and K. Binder, J. Stat. Phys. [**63**]{}, 867 (1991). D. M. Zuckerman and T. B. Woolf, Chem. Phys. Lett. , in press. W. Feller, [*An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications*]{} (Wiley, [New York]{}, 1971), vol. 2. V. M. Zolotarev, [*One-dimensional Stable Distributions*]{} (American Mathematical Soc., Providence, 1986). V. V. Uchaikin and V. M. Zolotarev, [*Chance and Stability: Stable Distributions and Their Applications*]{} (VSP, Utrecht, 1999). M. F. Shlesinger, G. M. Zaslavsky, and U. Frisch, [*L[é]{}vy Flights and Related Topics in Physics*]{} (Springer, Berlin, 1995). R. W. Ash, [*Basic Probability Theory*]{} (Wiley, [New York]{}, 1970). G. Christoph and W. Wolf, [*Convergence Theorems with a Stable Limit Law*]{} (Akadmie Verlag, Berlin, 1992). | High | [
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A multigenerational effect of parental age on offspring size but not fitness in common duckweed (Lemna minor) Abstract : Classic theories on the evolution of senescence make the simplifying assumption that all offspring are of equal quality, so that demographic senescence only manifests through declining rates of survival or fecundity. However, there is now evidence that, in addition to declining rates of survival and fecundity, many organisms are subject to age-related declines in the quality of offspring produced (i.e. parental age effects). Recent modelling approaches allow for the incorporation of parental age effects into classic demographic analyses, assuming that such effects are limited to a single generation. Does this ‘single generation’ assumption hold? To find out, we conducted a laboratory study with the aquatic plant Lemna minor, a species for which parental age effects have been demonstrated previously. We compared the size and fitness of 423 lab-cultured plants (asexually-derived ramets) representing various birth orders, and ancestral ‘birth-order genealogies’. We found that offspring size and fitness both declined with increasing ‘immediate’ birth order (i.e. birth order with respect to the immediate parent), but only offspring size was affected by ancestral birth order. Thus, the assumption that parental age effects on offspring fitness are limited to a single generation does in fact hold for L. minor. This result will guide theorists aiming to refine and generalise modelling approaches that incorporate parental age effects into evolutionary theory on senescence. | High | [
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New Gairlock, Nova Scotia New Gairlock, also New Gairloch , is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County. It was named for Gairloch in Scotland. References External links New Gairlock on Destination Nova Scotia Category:Communities in Pictou County, Nova Scotia Category:General Service Areas in Nova Scotia | Low | [
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Buy a beautiful home in Ganguly 4 Sight Grand Castle in Kolkata June 25, 2019 | Admin If you are willing to buy a sophisticated home in Kolkata, you should check out the range of amenities that Ganguly 4Sight Grand Castle offers. This residential complex has been developed in Garia, one of the most popular residential zones in Kolkata. You can buy homes of 2 and 3 BHK configurations in this complex, and the prices range between INR 48.55 lakhs and INR 80.22 lakhs. Kolkata is one of the best places to buy your home in, given that it has a strong commercial background. The social infrastructure in Kolkata is well-developed and people from various parts of the country are interested to buy sophisticated homes here. People looking for a classy apartment in Ganguly 4Sight Grand Castle Garia should make the purchase now, as the prices are further likely to increase in the coming years. The strategic location of the residential complex makes it a popular choice for the people. The EM Bypass is located 5 minutes away from the complex and the residents can easily reach the metro stations, located nearby. A number of reputed schools and hospitals are located near the complex. Kolkata has got a dense network of roadways, through which the residents can get across to these institutions. The complex has a multi-level security system and all types of amenities you would love to experience. Besides, it comes in green living facilities. The residents can spend their time close to nature in this complex. The apartments are spacious and the interiors are integrated with sophisticated furnishings. You will love these classy apartments, that are loaded with amenities of your preference. The balconies are large and the apartments have wide windows, that keep them well-ventilated. If you are interested in buying an apartment in this complex, this is the right time for you to make the investment. The railway stations, airport, and other prominent places in Kolkata can be reached in quick time from the residential complex. Besides, the residents can reach the offices and business zones around the city easily. Get an apartment in Ganguly 4Sight Grand Castle Kolkata and live up to your housing aspirations. | Mid | [
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Q: Adding elements of nested datatypes #include <iostream> #include <list> #include <vector> #include <fstream> using namespace std; class index_table { public: index_table(); void insert(string, int); void find(); private: class entry { public: string word; vector<int> lineNum; }; vector<list<entry> > table; }; index_table::index_table() { table.resize(128); } void index_table::insert(string extrWord, int extrLineNum) { int index = extrWord[0]; list<entry>::iterator itor = table[index].begin(); itor->word = extrWord; //why doesnt this work??? itor->lineNum.push_back(extrLineNum); } I am trying to find out why the above code is not working. I keep getting a seg fault or * glibc detected * ./a.out: munmap_chunk(): invalid pointer: 0x0000000001e46020 *** I am creating a "table" that is a vector or lists that is an entry. Once each word and line number is passed to the insert function it needs to be added to the entry class... A: int index = extrWord[0]; entry insEntry; insEntry.word = extrWord; insEntry.lineNum.push_back(extrLineNum); table[index].push_back(insEntry) | Mid | [
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PHOTO, click for larger size without mosaic: Jean-Marie Anigbishe, 45, who was attacked by Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels near Ngalima sits with gaping head wounds at hospital in Ngalima in northeastern Congo February 21, 2009. Anigbishe was fleeing LRA massacres and left for dead on the road after he and his brother were attacked by LRA fighters. His brother in law was shot and killed and Anigbishe was found unconscious five days later with maggots eating away at his gaping head wounds. Thousands of Congolese fled their villages as LRA rebels roaming the bush carried out massacres. Picture taken February 21, 2009. (REUTERS/Finbarr O'Reilly) At the New York Times Lede blog, Bob Mackey writes about Rush Limbaugh's new position of public support for the Central African warlords known as the LRA, or the Lord's Resistance Army. This is the military entity described by the Times as "a notorious renegade group that has terrorized villagers in at least four countries with marauding bands that kill, rape, maim and kidnap with impunity." It seems Limbaugh just likes the "Lord" part, and opposes president Obama's recent decision to get involved militarily. The U.S. recently announced a contribution of 100 Special Forces to deal with LRA. Now, any number of reasonable people might disagree with the administration's decision to send a token show of troops, but supporting the LRA is something only someone as stupid and evil as Limbaugh would do. Here's an excerpt from a Human Rights Watch report on a recent LRA massacre (link contains "un-mosaiced" version of photo shown above in this blog post, which some may find disturbing): The vast majority of those killed were adult men, whom LRA combatants first tied up and then hacked to death with machetes or crushed their skulls with axes and heavy wooden sticks. The dead include at least 13 women and 23 children, the youngest a 3-year-old girl who was burned to death. LRA combatants tied some of the victims to trees before crushing their skulls with axes. More at The Lede. | Mid | [
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Blog Post It didn’t take long for me to see that I was much more like my children who had RAD, than I was like God. I call it RAD religion. When it Comes to RAD Religion, My Daughter is Just Like Me. I was raised in a religious home where I was taught right from wrong, responsibility, and to believe scripture. The Bible was the Word of God, even the parts that contradicted with other parts. I was taught that I shouldn’t question things like that; one day hidden knowledge would reconcile everything and then I would understand. I was raised around great believers, believers I will always admire. I was a believer, too. I am a believer; just not a great one. Fortunately for my own mental balance, I don’t believe you can earn a place in heaven. That gives me hope; because if I had to earn that place, I’d just throw up my hands and refuse to even try. That’s what keeps me going after days like I had a few days ago (you may have noticed I missed posting a blog article last week). I lost it. I sounded like Chevy Chase at the end of the classic Christmas Vacation movie with his infamous mile-long rant ending with, “Hallelujah, Holy $#!+. Where’s the Tylenol.” After calming down, I turned to RAD religion. My children taught me more about God and my relationship with Him than I had learned over a lifetime of reading, listening and praying. I like to call it RAD religion. While I was raised in a Christian home (and raise my own children in a Christian home), my inquiring mind led me to accept many of the things I was taught to believe as literal truth on more of an allegorical level. This causes me to feel a real sense of comfort and acceptance (if not kinship) for those who don’t believe like the believers I admire. It also causes me to nudge my variant-believing friends. “What if it isn’t literal truth? So what? Even if it’s allegorical, you can learn a lot from that type of believing.” Learning a lot from that type of believing had an interesting effect on me when children with Reactive Attachment Disorder joined our family. My children taught me more about God and my relationship with Him than I had learned over a lifetime of reading, listening and praying. I like to call it RAD religion. But I won’t reach perfection in overcoming that weakness today, no matter how much I promise I will. RAD religion has taught me that much. I knew my Chevy-Chase-Rant was wrong. I knew it was wrong before I started into it. Half-way through I knew that I was only making matters worse for myself and for the people I loved, who ironically bore the brunt of my outburst. After it was over, I knew I should have apologized and made things right. But I did not feel repentant so I didn’t. Over the course of the next few days, I knew it would be best if I worked at changing my attitude. But I was still walking the fence, just waiting for someone to do something, anything, that would give me a reason to pick up where I had left off with behaviors I never believed were acceptable. Now, while I commit to do better, I hear my thoughts that sound way too much like my daughter’s words when she is at the same point in this cycle of behaviors. She and I must belong to the same RAD religion because I hear my thoughts committing to never make the same mistake again. She would swear it on a whole stack of Bibles. I’m a bit older and wiser. I try to tell myself I won’t do it again, but I know that it will take time for me to get to perfection in avoiding profanity laced conniption fits. It will come a step at a time. I can go longer between failures. I can reduce the severity of these occasional outbursts. Eventually, I can become perfect in that one area of my life. But I won’t reach perfection in overcoming that weakness today, no matter how much I promise I will. RAD religion has taught me that much. I know that I will forgive her as many times as it takes. That’s not just RAD religion. That’s ANY religion. The most important thing RAD religion has taught me, is that I am much closer to where my daughter is than I am to where God is. When I point a finger at her for refusing (or not having the ability) to see patterns and apply those templates to forming a better life and stronger relationships, I see three of my fingers pointing back at me. God has given me instructions that if followed, will give me a better life. Sometimes I follow those instructions. Sometimes I don’t. I have come to understand that I don’t keep my daughter near me because she has earned it, but because I love her in spite of her weaknesses. I know that I will forgive her as many times as it takes. That’s not just RAD religion. That’s ANY religion. I have learned from watching my daughter and myself that God doesn’t hate me when I make the same mistakes again and again. As I consider the frustration I feel with Reactive Attachment Disorder, RAD religion makes me wonder if I cause God to feel the same level of disappointment with me that I sometimes feel with my daughter. If so, I don’t think he launches into an outburst fit for a semi-warped Christmas comedy movie (though I have to say, it would be funny to see). But if God does not currently speak to man, I think I know why. It’s my fault. The Bible says that one day with us is as a thousand years to God. I think I might have driven Him to a point where he needed to take a weekend off, in a corner of the universe that looks like the Bahamas. (That’s 3,000 years to you and me…) Please don’t feel like you need to ask, to share. 🙂 Few things make me happier than your belief that my writings might help someone else. I love to see the likes, the comments, and especially, the shares. 🙂Oh, and in case you’re interested, I almost always accept Friend Requests from other RAD Parents. Due to the way Facebook and the blog are set up, in the blog, on comments, I can tag you in them if we’re friends, but the program won’t let me tag you if we’re not. Here’s the link to my personal page:https://www.facebook.com/john.m.simmons2 Often, readers receive as much help from other readers in the comments section as they do from the blog article, itself. Please be generous with your thoughts and experiences in the comments section. There are lots of people who need what you have to share. This is your chance to help them. About the Author John M. Simmons is an adoption advocate and author of the award-winning novels The Marvelous Journey Home and To Sing Frogs. John performs television and radio interviews and writes editorials to share his experience with special needs and international adoption. He appears at book clubs, and is a frequent guest speaker for various groups to increase adoption awareness. He and his wife have three biological sons and six adopted children. | Mid | [
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In This Article: The main camera functions are available via the Camera panel of the Scene Viewport: you can switch between cameras, add new cameras to the current world, open the Camera Settings window or lock the current camera. Camera Panel By default, there are 2 cameras in the world: Engine Camera that is created from the world script. The view from this camera is rendered in a separate Engine Viewport, and you cannot change its settings via the UnigineEditor. This camera represents current player. The Engine Camera can be changed via the script. Scene Camera that is created from the editor script. This is the default camera of the UnigineEditor. Notice Both, the Engine Camera and the Scene Camera, always exist in the world. You can also add new cameras. Such cameras can be used as watchpoints in the world: you can position the cameras at different points of the world and then switch between them via the Camera panel of the Scene Viewport when it is necessary. By default, a new camera is locked. If you change the position or orientation of the locked camera by using the navigation controls, these changes will not be saved. See Positioning Camera for details. When the camera is locked ( ), you can freely move it in the current world without recording changes in its position or orientation. If you unlock ( ) the camera, it will return to its initial position and further movement of the camera will be recorded. To set and save a new position and orientation for the camera by using the navigation controls: Click to unlock the camera. Notice If you don't unlock the camera, the new position and orientation will not be recorded. Place the camera to the required position and/or change its orientation by using the controls. Click to lock the camera. The position and orientation of the camera will be saved. Also you can position the camera by selecting it in the World Hierarchy window and directly changing its transformation via the Parameters window. In this case, there is no need to unlock it: the new position will be saved anyway. The option is available only in the orthographic camera mode (the Ortho option is checked). Field of View(available only for the perspective mode) Mode FOV mode. The available values are: Vertical FOV is used for the standard camera. In this case, the FOV is set in degrees. Physically-Based Camera is used for the physically-based camera with the horizontal FOV. In this case, the FOV is calculated depending on the film gate and focal length of the camera according to the formula: FOV = 2 * atan(film_gate / (2 * focal_length)) * UNIGINE_RAD2DEG Vertical FOV Settings Physically-Based Camera Settings Degrees Camera's vertical field of view in degrees. This is the area that can be seen in the viewport (how many degrees the camera covers). Lower values decrease the depth precision of the scene and cause z-fighting, flickering and moire patterns. Higher values increase the depth precision. But they also cause objects in front of the camera disappear. Far Distance to the camera far clipping plane. It directly affects the light scattering results and the sky color. Recommended value is 10000 units (maximum up to 20000 units). Lower values are insufficient for proper light scattering and result in dark sky color. Higher values do not grant desired depth precision. Masks Viewport A viewport bit mask for the camera that enables to selectively display objects, decals and lights in the camera viewport. If at least one bit matches, the object, decal or light will be rendered. The mask can be edited. Reflection A reflection bit mask for the camera that enables to selectively display reflections from objects. The mask can be edited. Reverberation A reverb mask for the camera determines what reverberation zones can be heard. At least one bit of this mask should match the reverb mask of the sound source and the reverb mask of the reverberation zone. The mask can be edited. Sound A sound mask for the camera that what sound channels can be heard. If at least one bit matches the sound source mask, the sound can be heard. Each bit of the source mask specifies a sound channel. The mask can be edited. | Mid | [
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Signing kids up for extracurricular activities could bring them extra income someday. Or at least, eight in 10 parents in a recent survey are hoping — especially considering that two-thirds of them have gone into debt to pay for those soccer, ballet, painting and piano lessons. CompareCards.com surveyed more than 700 parents with young children who participate in sports, hobbies and other passion projects outside of class. And the more that these moms and dads spent, the more they thought that it would pay off in the long run: 90% of parents who dropped at least $4,000 a year believe their kid will earn money from that activity, compared to 75% of parents who spend less than $1,000 who said the same. “And what the survey showed is, it’s not just sports parents who have these big dreams and big hopes for their sons and daughters; it’s music parents, it’s cheerleading parents, it’s debate team parents,” Matt Schulz, chief industry analyst at CompareCards, told MarketWatch. Indeed, sports were the most popular activities (reported by 30% of parents), but folks are also footing the bill for music (16%), dance (15%), gymnastics (12%), cheerleading (9%), martial arts (8%), beauty pageants (3%) and debate teams (3%), with about half (46%) spending more than $1,000 annually, and a quarter (27%) coughing up more than $2,000. This supports a new Country Financial survey released this week, which finds that 56% of parents are willing to go into debt (to the tune of taking on $31,000, on average) to put their kids through school; 10% already have. And 60% said that they had enrolled in at least one “financially-taxing” extracurricular to improve either their own or their child’s chances of getting into a good school. And to afford these pricey activities (including SAT or ACT prep, as well as sports, music, art and language classes), 29% cut back on vacations, 26% dipped into their savings accounts, 18% took out a loan, and 17% took on a part-time job. Related:More high-school students are using this hack to get a head-start on college — but the poorest students are being left behind Why go through all of this financial trouble? Well, a recent University of Michigan poll found that 55% of parents said school-sponsored sports teams and extracurricular activities helped boost their child’s college application. (Granted, that was skewed toward wealthier parents, as three times as many low-income parents as high-income ones said that the benefits of these activities were not worth the cost.) Parents hope paying for sports leagues and other lessons will pay off. RgStudio/iStock So many parents are overextending themselves to give their kids these opportunities. Sixty-two percent of those in the CompareCards.com survey revealed they have been in debt for their kids’ activities, and one in three are still paying off a related debt. What’s more, almost one in 10 (9%) of those in debt owe more than $5,000, and 27% owe more than $3,000. “They do hope that perhaps those efforts in terms of time and money may be rewarded with maybe a scholarship, or maybe a professional career,” said Schulz. In fact, families could wind up spending more than $200,000 in total on private school tuition, SAT tutors, living in a good school district, as well as sports and music lessons to groom their kids for getting into a good college. Athletics alone can run between $100 or $499 a month, according to TD Ameritrade. And sports play such a big part because recruited athletes have been shown receive the largest admissions advantages independent of academic merit — which is why many of the dozens of high-profile parents arrested in the “Operation Varsity Blues” college admissions scandal gamed the system by bribing their kids’ ways into elite universities through sports teams. Opinion: This is the reason minor sports plays such a big part in the college admissions scandal But music lessons can also run $40 to $60 per hour (or more than $3,120 a year); language lessons $30 to $45 per hour (or $2,340 a year); and art lessons $30 to $60 per hour (or $3,120 a year), according to Thumbtack. San Francisco Bay Area mom Vered DeLeeuw figures that she and her husband have spent about $20,000 on extracurricular activities while their daughters (now 17 and 19) were growing up. The sports, clubs and lessons that have run them about $1,000 or $2,000 a year have included dance, gymnastics and swimming, as well as Hebrew lessons. “We live in an extremely competitive world, and it’s also a world where many parents feel that their kids are their most important investment and their proudest achievement,” DeLeeuw, who runs the Healthy Recipes blog, told MarketWatch. “I will do a lot to increase their chances of success. And extracurricular activities are part of that — of enriching them, giving them more tools, helping them develop into the best people they can possibly be. Developing skills and talents outside of school is important. And in the case of the Hebrew School, for example, it’s also a way to preserve tradition, language and cultural identity.” But she admits that while she and her husband have been fortunate enough to be able to meet these financial demands, she recognizes that by spending around $20,000 on their kids’ extracurricular activities, “that’s money that did not end up in our nest egg. So in this respect, it was a sacrifice.” See: Here’s how much wealthy parents spend to legally give their kids an edge in the college acceptance race Veronica Hanson enrolled her daughters, ages 5 and 7, into activities when they were each just a few months old. It started with swimming and music classes, and now the girls are already fluent in Japanese thanks to their full-time language immersion lessons. They’ve also been involved in the Girl Scouts, acting, soccer, rock climbing, art, hiking , yoga, cooking, ballet and gymnastics. And the family takes trips every year, including a recent European excursion, to further broaden their growing perspectives. “I have two daughters who are part of our world’s future. My husband and I invest everything we can into making sure our kids are global citizens who can contribute to progress,” Hanson, 33, from Lake Oswego, Ore., told MarketWatch. “I think it’s important to let them explore a bunch of different things when they’re young.” She and her husband rely on a few revenue streams at different parts in the year to cover these costs, including a vacation rental property that pulls in a lot of money during the summer, and running a network marketing business, as well as her entrepreneurial site Vacay Visionary. “It is a huge investment,” she admitted. For instance, the girls are doing 10 different weeklong summer camps this summer (including outdoor skills and computer coding) that cost around $350 a week per kid. “That’s $700 a week just in care and activities for your children,” she said -- running up to $7,000 for the summer. But she noted it’s better to have them explore something for a week at a time, to see if they actually like it, instead of signing up for, say, a summerlong arts class that they get bored with after a couple of weeks. Parents hope paying for sports leagues and other lessons will pay off. Daisy-Daisy/iStock And Portland, Mich., mom Shelly Schneider drops $3,000 a year, or a grand apiece, on her three children: a son, 7; daughter, 10; and son, 12. The two oldest are in a theater group, and her daughter sees a vocal coach and is in the Girl Scouts. The kids have also played tee ball, soccer and football, and all three are taking piano lessons. “This is low,” Schneider, 39, told MarketWatch, as the extracurricular tab would run even higher if they joined traveling sports teams instead of the local city leagues, for example. City league fees run $30 to $120 a season (not counting the uniforms) compared to the upward of $1,000 in the traveling leagues (which also require traveling to away games almost every weekend). Plus, she and her husband work from home (she runs CBD supplements site 113 Solution, and he’s in insurance) so they don’t have to pay for child care, and they’ve paid off their debt, so there’s wiggle room in their budget to invest in all of these hobbies. “Through all of these things, [the kids] are proving themselves and building confidence, building relationships and growing their little brains, and that’s very important,” said Schneider, noting that all three children are straight-A students, and community theater has helped the two oldest with their public speaking. “I believe the arts are a very important part of learning and opening up the brain to help you with other subjects. Learning music is proven to help with math and science. And if they learn to love science and math, that can really expand their careers.” These parents were able to make it work, but as the new survey showed, many others are getting thousands of dollars in debt. “It’s noble to support your kid in the pursuit of their dreams, but it’s also important for a parent not to do that in a way that can wreck their own dreams of being financially stable and retiring someday,” said Schulz. His five tips include: Consider lower-cost alternatives: “There are a lot of options in terms of lessons, whether it’s sports, music, cooking or whatever other passion you might have, that you can find (free) on YouTube,” he said. Make do with those until you can save up enough for lessons. Or make like Schneider and see what affordable sports leagues or clubs are being offered by your local park or library. “There are a lot of options in terms of lessons, whether it’s sports, music, cooking or whatever other passion you might have, that you can find (free) on YouTube,” he said. Make do with those until you can save up enough for lessons. Or make like Schneider and see what affordable sports leagues or clubs are being offered by your local park or library. Save for the expense. If your kid will need several hundred or several thousand dollars for that special league, camp or competition, make saving for that a priority in your budget. Putting away a few extra dollars a week adds up. If your kid will need several hundred or several thousand dollars for that special league, camp or competition, make saving for that a priority in your budget. Putting away a few extra dollars a week adds up. Have your kids pitch in: This will also reveal how passionate your child actually is about the activity. “If your kid is old enough to mow a lawn or walk dogs, or they could pull in a little bit of money to put toward that instrument or that expensive selective soccer league -- if they are willing to do that, it could be a pretty good indicator that they are super into it and they want to keep doing it,” he said. This will also reveal how passionate your child actually is about the activity. “If your kid is old enough to mow a lawn or walk dogs, or they could pull in a little bit of money to put toward that instrument or that expensive selective soccer league -- if they are willing to do that, it could be a pretty good indicator that they are super into it and they want to keep doing it,” he said. Use credit card sign-up bonuses strategically: Maybe instead of taking $1,000 out of your savings for that cheerleading camp, pay for it with a new credit card, and use those savings to pay down the credit card bill, Schulz suggested. Many cash-back cards will give you a $100 or $150 cash back bonus after you spend $500 or more during the first three months with the card. “That money back can be really useful, and help extend your budget a little further,” he said. Just be sure to use the new card wisely, and only charge what you can pay off in full once you get paid. Maybe instead of taking $1,000 out of your savings for that cheerleading camp, pay for it with a new credit card, and use those savings to pay down the credit card bill, Schulz suggested. Many cash-back cards will give you a $100 or $150 cash back bonus after you spend $500 or more during the first three months with the card. “That money back can be really useful, and help extend your budget a little further,” he said. Just be sure to use the new card wisely, and only charge what you can pay off in full once you get paid. Remember: You can put yourself first: “It can be hard for parents to think of themselves and their own needs when it comes to their kids’ passions and dreams,” said Schulz. “But if you don’t do that, then you can end up doing yourself, your kids and your family a disservice by making things harder for yourself financially down the line.” This article was originally published in April 2019 and has been updated with data from Country Financial. | High | [
0.676470588235294,
34.5,
16.5
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The effects of topical dinoprostone on the nasal vasculature. A study of patients with allergic rhinitis. We studied the effects of topical dinoprostone on the nasal blood vessels of patients with allergic rhinitis. The outstanding changes noted were constriction of the arterioles and capillaries (to a lesser extent) and tight closure of the interendothelial junctions. These changes caused a diminution of nasal blood flow and edema fluid formation, a reduction in the size of the turbinates, and consequently, an increase in nasal patency. However, dinoprostone had no effect on the nasal venules. | High | [
0.7001569858712711,
27.875,
11.9375
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Shahuanga Punta Shahuanga Punta (possibly from Quechua Shawanka Punta) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Huari Province, Chavín de Huantar District, and in the Recuay Province, Catac District. It lies north of Queshque. References Category:Mountains of Peru Category:Mountains of Ancash Region | Mid | [
0.636155606407322,
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Q: Slow C++ DirectX 2D Game I'm new to C++ and DirectX, I come from XNA. I have developed a game like Fly The Copter. What i've done is created a class named Wall. While the game is running I draw all the walls. In XNA I stored the walls in a ArrayList and in C++ I've used vector. In XNA the game just runs fast and in C++ really slow. Here's the C++ code: void GameScreen::Update() { //Update Walls int len = walls.size(); for(int i = wallsPassed; i < len; i++) { walls.at(i).Update(); if (walls.at(i).pos.x <= -40) wallsPassed += 2; } } void GameScreen::Draw() { //Draw Walls int len = walls.size(); for(int i = wallsPassed; i < len; i++) { if (walls.at(i).pos.x < 1280) walls.at(i).Draw(); else break; } } In the Update method I decrease the X value by 4. In the Draw method I call sprite->Draw (Direct3DXSprite). That the only codes that runs in the game loop. I know this is a bad code, if you have an idea to improve it please help. Thanks and sorry about my english. A: Try replacing all occurrences of at() with the [] operator. For example: walls[i].Draw(); and then turn on all optimisations. Both [] and at() are function calls - to get the maximum performance you need to make sure that they are inlined, which is what upping the optimisation level will do. You can also do some minimal caching of a wall object - for example: for(int i = wallsPassed; i < len; i++) { Wall & w = walls[i]; w.Update(); if (w.pos.x <= -40) wallsPassed += 2; } | Mid | [
0.59952606635071,
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This article intends to illuminate the role played by mothers within ‘honour’ based abuse (HBA) crime, an issue that is both obscured and under researched. Findings are drawn from 100 HBA investigations (2012–2014) and fifteen semi structured interviews (2016) with specialist police officers in one UK police force. The findings show that mothers play fundamental, indeed “massive” role in perpetrating honour abuse against daughters. Mothers inflict violence, sometimes with an intention to induce an abortion; they inflict hard psychological abuse and condone the violence inflicted by other male relatives, mainly sons. This article challenges the ability for mothers to effectively safeguard child victims of HBA. Police under recording of female perpetration is apparent. Victim loyalty and reluctance to prosecute mothers contributes to the blurred of boundaries between mothers as ‘perpetrators’ and mothers as secondary ‘victims’ acting under duress. Such factors adversely affect the policing response. | Mid | [
0.6533665835411471,
32.75,
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<html> <head> <title>list/at.hpp</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../styles.css"> </head> <body> <div style="margin-left: 0px;"> The <b>list/at.hpp</b> header defines macros for extracting an element from a <i>list</i>. </div> <h4>Usage</h4> <div class="code"> #include <b><boost/preprocessor/list/at.hpp></b> </div> <h4>Contents</h4> <ul> <li><a href="../../ref/list_at.html">BOOST_PP_LIST_AT</a></li> <li><a href="../../ref/list_at_d.html">BOOST_PP_LIST_AT_D</a></li> </ul> <hr size="1"> <div style="margin-left: 0px;"> <i>© Copyright <a href="http://www.housemarque.com" target="_top">Housemarque Oy</a> 2002</i> </br><i>© Copyright Paul Mensonides 2002</i> </div> <div style="margin-left: 0px;"> <p><small>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href= "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</small></p> </div> </body> </html> | Low | [
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30,
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The launch of the Cboe Global Markets bitcoin futures contract has seen the digital currency rise in value, and according to the head of the exchange operator, the launch could lead the way to other digital currency-related products such as ETFs. Speaking yesterday, Ed Tilly, Cboe CEO, said that the bitcoin futures should pave the way to warming U.S. regulators to the idea of products and securities linked to cryptocurrencies, reports the Mail Online. “We will be building confidence in the coming months, and stay tuned, there are more to come,” he said. Despite the smooth launch, the digital currency contract highlighted the volatility of bitcoin, which saw its price surge by 20 percent, subsequently halting trading for five minutes. The Cboe website also went down for a short period due to increased traffic that resulted in six times more than it usually receives during an average weekday. However, according to Tilly, everything went according to plan. Yesterday, Tilly said that the objections raised by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) in an open letter last week were ‘uncalled for.’ Tilly explained that the launch of the bitcoin futures has exceeded the level of interest compared to other product launches at Cboe, adding: “It’s just been so exciting for us to bring this to market. I told the team last night, I said, ‘let’s do this every Sunday! This is a ton of fun.’” After receiving regulatory approval from the U.S. Commodities and Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) last week, Cboe has become the first U.S.-based traditional exchange to offer bitcoin futures. The CME Group, which has also been approved from the CFTC, is due to launch its own bitcoin derivatives product on the 18th December. The first day of trading yesterday saw nearly 3,700 contracts trading hands, with around 20 trading firms taking part. Tilly added: “Just about all of the participants who had shown us readiness late last week and even into this weekend, showed up,” Tilly added. The futures contract, which tracks the price of the digital currency via the Gemini exchange, is due to expire in January. However, Cboe are first waiting until there have been a few settlements on the one-month contract before moving forward with any new cryptocurrency-related derivative products. The contract, though, is seen by many as a massive step toward pushing bitcoin further into the mainstream. Not only that, but Tilly is of the opinion that as demand for other cryptocurrencies continues to grow there will be futures on those coins as well. | High | [
0.692134831460674,
38.5,
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Persistent colonization by Haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonizes the respiratory tract of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes intermittent exacerbations. Isolates of H. influenzae collected monthly in a prospective study were subjected to molecular typing. During a 7-year study spanning 345 patient-months of observation, 122 episodes of negative cultures lasting 1 month or more, and that were preceded and followed by isolation of an apparently identical strain of H. influenzae, were found. Seventeen such episodes of negative cultures, lasting 6 months or more and spanning 203 patient-months, were studied in detail to test the hypothesis that these periods of negative cultures represented continuous colonization by the same strain of H. influenzae. Molecular typing by three independent methods established that the strains preceding and following the episodes of negative cultures were indeed identical. Strain-specific H. influenzae DNA was detected in some of the sputum samples that had yielded negative cultures. These results indicate that some patients with COPD are persistently colonized with H. influenzae and that sputum cultures underestimate the frequency of colonization of the respiratory tract by H. influenzae in COPD. This observation has a significant impact on understanding bacterial colonization in COPD. | Mid | [
0.6359447004608291,
34.5,
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Political quietism in Islam In the context of political aspects of Islam, the term political quietism has been used for the religiously motivated withdrawal from political affairs, or skepticism that mere mortals can establish true Islamic government. As such it would be the opposite of political Islam, which holds that religion (Islam) and politics are inseparable. It has also been used to describe Muslims who believe that Muslims should support Islamic government, but that it is "forbidden to rebel against a ruler"; and Muslims who support Islamic government at the right time in the future when, (depending on the sect of Muslim), a consensus of scholars or twelfth imam call for it. The Wahhabi of Saudi Arabia and Salafi are sometimes described as having "quietist" and "radical" wings. Overview According to scholar Bernard Lewis, quietism is contrasted with "activist" Islam. There are in particular two political traditions, one of which might be called quietist, the other activist. The arguments in favour of both are based, as are most early Islamic arguments, on the Holy Book and on the actions and sayings of the Prophet. The quietist tradition obviously rests on the Prophet as sovereign, as judge and statesman. But before the Prophet became a head of state, he was a rebel. Before he traveled from Mecca to Medina, where he became sovereign, he was an opponent of the existing order. He led an opposition against the pagan oligarchy of Mecca and at a certain point went into exile and formed what in modern language might be called a "government in exile," with which finally he was able to return in triumph to his birthplace and establish the Islamic state in Mecca...The Prophet as rebel has provided a sort of paradigm of revolution—opposition and rejection, withdrawal and departure, exile and return. Time and time again movements of opposition in Islamic history tried to repeat this pattern. Some analysts have argued that "Islamic political culture promotes political quietism" and cite a "famous Islamic admonition: `Better one hundred years of the Sultan's tyranny than one year of people's tyranny over each other.`" Other scripture providing grounding for quietism in Islam includes the ayat `Obey God, obey his Prophet and obey those among you who hold authority` and the hadith: `Obey him who holds authority over you, even if he be a mutilated Ethiopian slave` Salafists Contrasting Salafi quietists to the Jihadists of the Islamic State, journalist Graeme Wood notes that while both believe that God’s law is the only law and are "committed" to expanding Dar al-Islam (the land of Islam), Salafi quietists share other quietist Muslims' concern about disunity in the Muslims' community. Wood quotes a Salafi preacher as saying: “The Prophet said: as long as the ruler does not enter into clear kufr [disbelief], give him general obedience,” even if he is a sinner. Classic “books of creed” all warn against causing social upheaval. Wood describes these quietists as believing "Muslims should direct their energies toward perfecting their personal life, including prayer, ritual, and hygiene," rather than jihad and conquest. He compares the "inordinate amount of time" spent on debating issues such as the proper length of trousers and whether beards may be trimmed in some areas, to ultra-Orthodox Jews who "debate whether it’s kosher to tear off squares of toilet paper on the Sabbath (does that count as 'rending cloth'?)" Sidney Jones of ICG report that (quietist) Salafism is not political activism and may be more of a barrier to the expansion of jihadist activities than a facilitator. Scholar Joas Wagemakers describes Salafist Quietists as focusing "on the propagation of their message (da'wah) through lessons, sermons and other missionary activities and stay away from politics and violence, which they leave to the ruler.” Another scholar—Quintan Wiktorowicz—uses the term “purist,” to describe Salafists who sound similar (according to Jacob Olidort) to what Wagemakers describes as quietist: “they emphasize a focus on nonviolent methods of propagation, purification and education. They view politics as a diversion that encourages deviancy.” Scholar Jacob Olidort describes Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani (d. 1999) as "the most prominent quietist Salafist of the last century". His slogan "later in life" was: “the best policy is to stay out of politics.” His students include "Madkhalis" — who are "absolute" in their quietism urging their followers to "observe strict obedience to Muslim rulers and silence on political matters"—but also very un-quietist jihadis. (Olidort argues that Quietist is "an inadequate label to describe the ambitions of Albani and his followers".) Sufi Javad Nurbakhsh writing at nimatullahi.org web site states: "In sufi practice, quietism and seclusion – sitting in isolation, occupying oneself day and night in devotions – are condemned." Sufis should have "active professional lives", and be in "service to the creation", i.e. be actively serving in the world giving "generously to aid others". However, in the past some Sufi masters have "retired from mainstream society in order to avoid harassment by mobs incited by hostile clerics who had branded all sufis as unbelievers and heretics." On the other hand, Inayat Khan published on wahiduddin.net states "Sufism is the ancient school of wisdom, of quietism, and it has been the origin of many cults of a mystical and philosophical nature." Scholar Nikki Keddie also states that traditionally Sufis were "generally noted more for political quietism than for activism found in the sects". Shia In Twelver Shia Islam, religious leaders who have been described as "quietist" include; Ayatollah Muhammad Hossein Naini, a leader during Iran's 1906 Constitutional revolution; Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi, the prominent marja from Iran from 1947 to his death in 1961; Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim, the prominent marja from Iraq from 1961 to his death in 1970; Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, the prominent marja from Iraq from 1970 to his death in 1992; Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, currently one of, if not the leading Shia clerics from Iraq. Nearly all of Shia scholars of the Najaf hawza in Iraq are considered “quietist”. Their stance is not a strict withdrawal from politics but that "true `Islamic government`" cannot be established until the return of twelfth Imam. Until this time Muslims must "search for the best form of government," advising rulers to ensure that "laws inimical to sharia" are not implemented. However, others (for example, Ali al-Sistani) advise a pluralistic, democratic system of government until the return of the Mahdi. Their “quietism” is justified by the notion that humans are prone to errors or corruption, therefore no mortal human can ever establish a just, Islamic rule on Earth. Therefore, many of them oppose the Iranian “non-quietist” concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. See also References Notes Citations Category:Islam-related controversies | Mid | [
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/** * Internal dependencies */ import getJetpackRemoteInstallErrorCode from 'state/selectors/get-jetpack-remote-install-error-code'; const url = 'https://yourgroovydomain.com'; describe( 'getJetpackRemoteInstallError()', () => { test( 'should return null if no errors', () => { const state = { jetpackRemoteInstall: { errorCode: {}, }, }; expect( getJetpackRemoteInstallErrorCode( state, url ) ).toBeNull(); } ); test( 'should return any existing error', () => { const state = { jetpackRemoteInstall: { errorCode: { [ url ]: 'SOME_ERROR', }, }, }; expect( getJetpackRemoteInstallErrorCode( state, url ) ).toBe( 'SOME_ERROR' ); } ); } ); | Mid | [
0.6525198938992041,
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Chinese health authority said on Tuesday that it received reports of 11 new confirmed COVID-19 cases on the mainland on Monday, of which four were imported. Chinese health authority said on Tuesday that it received reports of 11 new confirmed COVID-19 cases on the mainland on Monday, of which four were imported. The other seven new cases were domestically transmitted, the National Health Commission said in a daily report, noting that six cases were reported in Heilongjiang Province and one in Guangdong Province. No death was reported Monday on the mainland. Three new suspected cases, including two imported cases and one domestic case in Heilongjiang Province, were also reported. According to the commission, 39 people were discharged from hospitals after recovery Monday, while the number of severe cases stood at 82. As of Monday, the mainland had reported a total of 1,587 imported cases. Of the cases, 776 had been discharged from hospitals after recovery, and 811 were being treated with 44 in severe conditions, said the commission. No death from the imported cases had been reported, it added. The overall confirmed cases on the mainland had reached 82,758 by Monday, including 1,003 patients who were still being treated and 77,123 people who had been discharged after recovery, the commission said. Altogether 4,632 people had died of the disease, it said. The commission said that 37 people, including 32 from abroad, were still suspected of being infected with the virus. It added that 8,791 close contacts were still under medical observation. On Monday, 882 people were discharged from medical observation. Also on Monday, 37 new asymptomatic cases, including two from abroad, were reported on the mainland. Three asymptomatic case, all domestic ones, were re-categorized as confirmed ones, and 32 people, six of whom were from abroad, were discharged from medical observation, according to the commission. The commission said 992 asymptomatic cases, including 180 from abroad, were still under medical observation. By Monday, 1,025 confirmed cases including four deaths had been reported in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), 45 confirmed cases in the Macao SAR, and 422 in Taiwan including six deaths. A total of 630 patients in Hong Kong, 22 in Macao and 203 in Taiwan had been discharged from hospitals after recovery. | Low | [
0.5108225108225101,
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Yoga with Mukunda What can practicing yoga 3 times a week do for you? Gain balance and mobility Never too old. Never too late. Never too bad. Never too sick. Bikram yoga is suited to all body types and all ages. It’s very beneficial to those with injuries as each posture is adjusted or an alternate is used where needed. Improve focus By focusing on the opposing forces in the postures, you automatically use the right muscles and clear out the energy channels. It brings awareness to both the physical and energy bodies in your practice. Improve strength Bikram uses the same 26 postures sequenced to work through the entire body, building strength in each āsana (pose) achieving benefits very early in your practice. “I started the Bikram Yoga Classes with Mukunda at the beginning of April and I have been so inspired and motivated by Mukunda’s patience and guidance during the classes. Mukunda’s encouragement combined with the effectiveness of the particular yoga postures of the Bikram series have had a tremendous impact on my physical stance and flexibility whilst on a deeper level I am developing greater discipline and deeper focus that I now bring into my every day activities and my meditation. I am blessed to be able to have the experience of these classes within the 40-Days Sādhanā as the combination of Guruji’s talks and teachings of energy use come together beautifully in practicing the yoga postures and Mukunda’s guidance.” LEARN MORE ABOUT US Recent Posts Dress Code We would like everyone to have the most comfortable and productive visit ever to the Blue Star Centre. Proper dress is an important part of this wish for you. As we are in a tropical environment, loose clothing, especially of cotton and linen, will be the coolest. Do keep in mind we are in a spiritual environment, so we ask you to wear modest clothing that is loose and covers the shoulders and knees. We understand there are cultural differences in manners of dress, so please contact us for specifics so that you may pack accordingly. It is our pleasure to serve you. At this moment you can pay with your creditcard, through PayPal but without needing to make a PayPal account. However, at first it will look like you are making a new account. You need to click on the Create an Account button when entering PayPal. Below you see a screenshot of this button (note: this screenshot is not the button you need to click on, you need to enter PayPal first while doing your payment and click this button there). Then you can fill in your creditcard info. After reviewing your information, you may choose to save your information by creating a PayPal account to make future transactions faster, or not (then you pay through a guest account). Soon we hope to offer you methods to pay by creditcard without using PayPal at all. You need to create a PayPal account in order to purchase or donate anything through our website. Unfortunately we are experiencing a bug right now that even when you click on Create New account while paying through our website and PayPal, you still get a form where you need to fill in your creditcard. However, you do not need to have a creditcard in order to make a PayPal account, because you can couple your PayPal account to your local bank account. We ask you to: Use either this link, or use Google to search for ‘Create PayPal account’ in your local language and set up an account directly from the PayPal website in your language. You need to fill in your bank information and a creditcard is not necessary. Then login to this PayPal account while you are making the payment on our website. | High | [
0.6697674418604651,
36,
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The same-sex marriage postal survey delivered a just result. Despite mismanagement and attempts at thwarting by politicians, Australians spoke up to give due recognition and equality to same-sex relationships. The result lays bare the disconnect between politicians and the Australian people. In Tony Abbott’s electorate of Warringah, 75% supported same-sex marriage. Abbott’s claim that his oppositional view represented a “silent majority” was disproven. The time has come for Abbott and his reactionary colleagues to rename their putative constituency the “silent minority”. There was also less support for same-sex marriage in Labor electorates than Liberal electorates. This too was telling, since Labor politicians are more passionately in favour, whereas more Liberal politicians are against. Politicians don’t always represent their constituents. When they claim to represent a “silent majority” or “ordinary Australians”, their claims must be interrogated. They must not be passively accepted. As the same-sex marriage result shows, Australians can be ahead of the politicians on social justice. Prime minister Malcolm Turnbull’s rejection of the Uluru statement from the heart and his claim the Australian people would not support an Indigenous voice to parliament, must be equally interrogated. On this issue of justice, Turnbull demonstrates unfair double standards. Despite his procedural incompetence, Turnbull stood up and advocated same-sex marriage. “Lucy and I will be voting yes,” he said. He provided optimistic moral authority. With such leadership, Australians voted 61% in favour. But he showed no such leadership on Indigenous recognition. On this issue, he was a deliberate wet blanket. Turnbull’s response to the Uluru statement and the referendum council’s report was dishonest and obstructive. He propagated mistruths about the proposal – a constitutionally enshrined Indigenous advisory body. It’s “a third chamber of parliament”, he lied. It’s “contrary to principles of equality”. The idea came too late, he said. And most presumptuous of all: it wouldn’t be accepted by Australians. This was the same proposal he told Noel Pearson and I he supported as “sensible” in 2015. The double standard is clear. When the religious freedom detractors asked for more legislative detail on same-sex marriage, Turnbull’s response was happy-go-lucky. We’ll see parliament “at its best” to develop such detail, he assured Australians. On same-sex marriage, Turnbull indicated it was acceptable for parliament to provide necessary detail after the vote – such detail is now being debated. But on the Indigenous voice proposal, Turnbull used “lack of detail” as an excuse not to have a vote. No assurances that his parliament will be “at its best” to flesh out such detail in due course. Yet the proposal deliberately respects parliamentary supremacy by leaving design detail to parliament. On same-sex marriage, Turnbull made the positive case and promised to do the necessary parliamentary work. On Indigenous recognition, he makes the no case and shirks responsibility. It’s not as if one reform idea is good and the other bad. The case for marriage equality is just and right. The case for Indigenous people having a guaranteed voice in their affairs is just and right. Most unfair of all are the indications that Turnbull is wrong about the levels of public support for an Indigenous voice. On same-sex marriage, Australians voted 61% in favour – with the prime minister advocating for it. Yet Omnipoll found 61% of Australians would vote yes in a referendum for an Indigenous voice – with the prime minister pushing against the proposal. Indeed, it’s in the face of government’s sustained negative spin. Sixty-one per cent for same-sex marriage, with prime ministerial support. Sixty-one per cent for an Indigenous voice, without the same support. The Indigenous voice proposal has supporters on both left and right. On the left, it’s supported by Labor and the Greens, and prominent unions, plus eminent Australians like author Thomas Kenneally and lawyer Julian Burnside – who signed the petition run by professor Fiona Stanley, which has gathered thousands of signatures. On the right, it’s supported by people such as radio host Alan Jones, former Victorian Liberal premier Jeff Kennett, former Liberal minister Fred Chaney, Brendan Nelson, Andrew Robb, journalist Chris Kenny, Major General Michael Jeffrey, Sir Angus Houston, Greg Craven, Liberal MP Julian Leeser and others. Not to mention the proposal is backed by unprecedented Indigenous consensus through the Uluru statement from the heart. Turnbull says the Australian people would not support an Indigenous voice in the constitution, but the evidence says the opposite. On 16 November, in the wake of the same-sex marriage result, Les Bryant from Durack in Brisbane wrote this letter to the Courier Mail editor: Well done Australia, another example in proving that we are a more mature, broadminded nation than some people thought … The people have spoken, listen to them on the issues that matter and we will all be better off. Sure, politicians can have and are entitled to their own opinions, but should not act in a manner that is contrary to the aspirations, needs and future of all Australians. Politicians stuffed it up, the people fixed it. What next then? Indigenous recognition? Are they game to do a postal survey on that and act accordingly on the result? I am happy for the taxpayer to foot the bill on that one too. We should not have to come begging with cap in hand to federal politicians about recognising our First Australians, the core of our nation.” Bryant said it better than I could. The politicians are blocking progress on Indigenous recognition, not the people. The prime minister is grossly underestimating the intelligence and goodwill of the Australian people who want to see real change in Indigenous affairs. Run a plebiscite on an Indigenous voice, prime minister. Let the Australians people have their say, then act on the result. | Mid | [
0.6394557823129251,
35.25,
19.875
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Q: ZeroMQ with node.js pipeline sink stops receiving messages after a while I've been trying to set up a ventilator / worker / sink pattern in order to crawl pages, but I never got past the testing phase. The one particularity of my setup is that the sink lives in the same process as the ventilator. All nodes use ipc:// transport. For the moment only test messages are exchanged. the ventilator sends tasks, workers receive them and wait then send a confirmation to the sink. Symptoms: After some time (generally less than 5 minutes) the sink stops receiving confirmation messages even though the ventilator keeps on sending tasks and workers keep on receiving them and sending confirmations messages. I know that confirmations are sent because if I restart my sink, it gets all the missing messages on startup. I thought ZeroMQ dealt with auto-reconnect. ventilator/sink var push = zmq.socket('push'); var sink = zmq.socket('pull'); var pi = 0; setInterval(function() { push.send(['ping', pi++], zmq.ZMQ_SNDMORE); push.send('end'); }, 2000); push.bind('ipc://crawl.ipc'); sink.bind('ipc://crawl-sink.ipc'); sink.on('message', function() { var args = [].slice.apply(arguments).map(function(e) {return e.toString()}); console.log('got message', args.join(' ')); }); worker.js var pull = zmq.socket('pull'); var sink = zmq.socket('push'); sink.connect(opt.sink); pull.connect(opt.push); pull.on('message', function() { var args = [].slice.apply(arguments).map(function(e) {return e.toString()}); console.log('got job ', args.join(' ')); setTimeout(function() { console.log('job done ', args.join(' ')); sink.send(['job done', args.join(' ')]); }, Math.random() * 5 * 1000); }); EDIT I tried moving the sink to another process and it seems to work. However I would really like it to live in the same process and I observed similar behaviour when dealing with more than one zmq socket per process, regardless of the pattern used EDIT I'm using this module https://github.com/JustinTulloss/zeromq.node A: I don't necessarily expect this answer to be accepted, but I'm placing it here for reference. There is a very faithful node-only module called Axon which is inspired by ZeroMQ. Axon has no compiled dependencies, and re-creates the same socket types as ZeroMQ. Axon also builds upon the pub/sub socket type to create a network event-emitter. Finally, ZMQs req/rep socket does not work with Node.js because ZMQ expects the reply to occur synchronously. Being native Node, the Axon library handles the req/rep pattern properly. Note: ZMQ and Axon are not interoperable. | Mid | [
0.6060606060606061,
32.5,
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