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Air Missions: HIND Steam Gift
Please note, that due to recent Valve Steam Gift policy update Steam Gifts for games that are covered by VAC ban program can no longer be added to Inventory. Make sure that you are logged in to the proper account before entering the link as Steam Gifts can be only added to your library or rejected.
Air Missions: HIND Steam CD Gift
Platform:
Steam
Release Date:
21/03/2016
Product Description
Air Missions: HIND is action combat flight simulator based on the Russian Mi-24 Hind assault helicopter, also known as the "Flying Tank". Equip the weapon of your choice! - UPK 23 machineguns, GUV gunpods, FAB bombs, and variety of missiles. Use those weapons to tear up the sky in single player and multiplayer modes.
Features
Three control modes for casual and experienced players
Over fifteen missions based on fictional conflicts;
Three different battlefields - Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Barents Sea
System Requirements
Graphics: DirectX10.1 compatible with 1GB VRAM and ShaderModel 4.0 support
DirectX: Version 10
Storage: 4000 MB available space
Sound Card: DirectX compatible
Key activation
"Please remember that we are NOT responsible for any problems that may arise from purchasing and using Steam Gifts. You are doing it at your own risk.
"Please note, that due to recent Valve Steam Gift policy update Steam Gifts for games that are covered by VAC ban program can no longer be added to Inventory. Make sure that you are logged in to the proper account before entering the link as Steam Gifts can be only added to your library or rejected.
How do I use a Steam gift given to me?
If you do not already have Steam, download and install Steam here. Once you have Steam installed, you will be prompted to create an account or login to an existing Steam account. If you do not have an account, please create one.
You will receive an e-mail containing a link that will open Steam allowing you to redeem your gift. After clicking the link, you will receive a notification at the top right corner in the Steam client informing that you have a new gift.
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Q:
Derby Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl
I just installed the latest official release from Apache Derby on windows 10.12.1.1 (October 11, 2015 / SVN 1704137)
and try to install it in as Derby network server and everything goes fine with localhost but when I execute this command (java org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start -h myhost -p 1368) to make it accept IP other than localhost I get this error ( as you can see below every thing is fine until this command)
C:\>set DERBY_INSTALL=C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin
C:\>set CLASSPATH=%DERBY_INSTALL%\lib\derbyclient.jar;%DERBY_INSTALL%\lib\derbytools.jar;.
C:\>cd %derby_install%\bin
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>setNetworkClientCP.bat
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>SET DERBY_HOME=C:\Apache\DB-DER~1.1-B
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>set CLASSPATH=C:\Apache\DB-DER~1.1-B\lib\derbyclient.jar;C:\Apache\DB-DER~1.1-B\lib\derbytools.jar;C:\Apache\DB-DER~1.1-B/lib/derbyoptionaltools.jar;C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\lib\derbyclient.jar;C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\lib\derbytools.jar;.
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>java org.apache.derby.tools.ij
ij version 10.12
ij> connect 'jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/MyDbTest';
ij> disconnect;
ij> exit;
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>java
org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start -p 1368
Error: Could not find or load main class
org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\bin>cd..
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin>cd lib
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\lib>java org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start -p 1368
Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl
and I double check and make sure that the jar file derbynet.jar is found in lib folder and also contain the class NetworkServerControl
A:
I found the answer and I just want to post it in case someone face the same problem, so
instead of using
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\lib>java org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start -h hostname -p 1368
just use it this way and it's work for me
C:\Apache\db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin\lib>java -jar derbynet.jar start -p hostname -p 1368
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Categories
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Black and White Wallpaper
Wall Mural Wallpaper
For a striking and sophisticated look, our black and white wallpaper murals are just the thing. From stunning photography to more abstract colourwash option with a splash or red or yellow, we've got hundreds of murals to give your room a new look.
If you don't find your perfect choice here, just try ticking the black and white on page checkbox on any of our other murals and we'll turn almost any colour image to black and white just for you!
* Please note some of these designs may feature various colour hues. If you would like your mural truly black and white please select the checkbox after entering your dimensions on your selected mural.
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For the last 14 years, compartmentalism has had the upper hand over the difficult task of embedding the Structural Funds within a coherent strategy, but the 2014–20 programming period could mark a real turningpoint.
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This Sunday, millions of sports fans around the world will sit in front of televisions and watch the biggest professional football game of the year. Among those watching will be a select group of hackers and data crunchers in Seattle, Washington. However, instead of prepping for the big game by stocking up on salsa and beer; these hackers will participate in Sports Hack Day and be a part of "building applications that change the way people follow sports and interact with their favorite teams and fellow fans."
The stock photo site Unsplash recently launched APIs that grant users access to the site's entire library of over 30,000 high quality images. The API comes in two flavors: Unsplash Source and an entire JSON API. Unsplash launched a few years ago as a basic Tumblr blog.
A number of ad tech sources reported that Snapchat has engaged select ad partners for an advertising API development. Snapchat declined to comment, but many have anticipated an advertising API from Snapchat. While an ad API makes sense, Snapchat has an unfortunate history with API vulnerabilities.
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The attorneys at Miller Wells PLLC collectively possess expertise in virtually every area of mineral law, and we devote that extensive expertise to the service of our clients engaged in the mineral and energy industries. We represent clients who are involved in all aspects of those industries. Those clients include owners, producers, processors, providers, and users of minerals (primarily coal, oil and natural gas). They also include providers of financing, bonding, technical assistance, and equipment to businesses engaged in the mineral and energy industries. The attorneys at Miller Wells PLLC also have experience in all types of litigation relating to the mineral and energy industries. We have extensive experience litigating matters involving property ownership and use rights, trespass, insurance, adverse possession and mineral development issues. We have litigated cases involving all manner of commercial torts, including claims of fraudulent inducement and misrepresentation, conversion, tortious interference and breach of fiduciary duty. We represent our clients in contract disputes involving mineral leases, surface agreements, sales supply and brokerage agreements, transportation contracts, contract mining agreements and professional service contracts
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Role of angiogenesis in the development and growth of liver metastasis.
Cancer metastasis is a highly complex process that involves aberrations in gene expression by cancer cells leading to transformation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion, dissemination, survival in the circulation, and subsequent attachment and growth in the organ of metastasis. Angiogenesis facilitates metastasis formation by providing a mechanism to (1) increase the likelihood of tumor cells entering the blood circulation and (2) provide nutrients and oxygen for growth at the metastatic site. The formation and establishment of metastatic lesions depend on the activation of multiple angiogenic pathways at both primary and metastatic sites. A variety of factors involved in the angiogenesis of liver metastasis have been identified and may serve as prognostic markers and targets for therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-8, and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor are all proangiogenic factors that have been associated with liver metastasis from various primary tumor types. Inhibition of the activity of these factors is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with liver metastases. In addition, inhibition of integrins that mediate endothelial cell survival may also serve as a component of therapeutic regimens for liver metastases. This review focuses on the biology of angiogenesis in liver metastasis formation and growth. Because colorectal carcinoma is the most common tumor to metastasize to the liver, this disease will serve as a paradigm for the study of angiogenesis in liver metastases.
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Durgin Chrysanthemum Large Solid Cold Meat Serving Fork
This stunning meat fork by Durgin in the 1893 Chrysanthemum pattern is in very good condition with normal wear commensurate for its age. The fork has no monograms. This heavy fork is 9 1/8" in length and weighs 3.3ozt. The beautiful Chrysanthemum design makes this an elegant addition to any holiday or family dinner. This item is stamped on the back with the Durgin hallmark, 925/1000, sterling, patent and the retailer C.D. Peacock.
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Thanks Ben
Every broadcaster that ever worked for Ben Mondor can probably tell the same story.
At some point before your first day behind the mic, the legendary owner of the PawSox asked you to come down to his office to discuss his expectations for the team’s radio announcers.
“Kid,” Ben said in a stern voice. “I’ve read about these major league radio men with their multi-year contracts. Well, that’s not how it works around here. Your contract isn’t multi-year or year-to-year. It’s not even month-to-month or game-to-game. Your deal is pitch-to-pitch because I’ll be listening to every word!”
Then he broke into a big grin.
* * * * *
I was on vacation in Vancouver on Monday with my wife Peg and our son Sam when I learned of Ben’s passing at the age of 85. I’ve spent the day thinking about what an incredible life he lived and how many lives he touched.
Mine included.
He is one of the kindest, funniest, and most generous people I have ever known.
* * * * *
Sam Hoard was born one month into my first year as a Pawtucket broadcaster in May of 2006. The following season when Peg brought him to his first baseball game, Ben insisted that they watch the game from the comfort of his luxury box next to the PawSox dugout.
Peg brought milk, Cheerios, and other appropriate snacks for a 1-year-old, but at some point while she was talking to Ben, Sam stuck his hand into the adult food and grabbed a shrimp.
Sure enough he loved it and tried to snatch another. Peg tried to gently tell Sam that the shrimp was not for him, but Ben wouldn’t have it.
“Hey, the kid is smart — who wants Cheerios when you can have shrimp,” Ben said with a belly laugh. “He can have as much shrimp as he wants!”
Sam turned four this year and has had the good fortune to watch several games from the owner’s luxury box over the last few years.
His friend Mr. Mondor always had a tray of shrimp waiting.
* * * * *
I suspect the delivery person in our neighborhood is under the mistaken impression that I’m the world’s most thoughtful husband.
For the past few years, Peg has received flowers on every appropriate occasion — Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, her birthday — you name it, the flowers have arrived like clockwork.
Only I had nothing to do with it.
Ben Mondor recognized that the spouses of his full-time employees faced a difficult burden because of the amount of time that we spend away from home, so he made a point over the years to always have the team send something thoughtful on holidays.
I told Peg today that I’m going to have to start jotting those dates down.
* * * * *
I’m really going to miss his stories.
Ben was one of world’s greatest storytellers and I loved to drop by his office and throw out names of some of the great players who have worn the Pawtucket uniform to get his off-the-cuff reaction.
Here are some classic Mondor Memories:
Wade Boggs:
“A good friend . . . and a pain in the butt. He won five batting titles and people used to rave about his bat control. You know how he developed that? When he was with us and we had a homestand, he would walk in practically every morning and want to take batting practice. So I would take a kid working on the ground crew or somewhere else and I’d say, ‘Look Wade, this kid is not going to be able to throw strikes. They’re going to be high, low, inside, outside,’ and he would say, ‘That’s what I want.’ And he would do that for two or three hours a day. And when they were finished, they would go pick up the balls and do it again. That’s how he developed that great bat control – right here at McCoy against kids who couldn’t throw proper batting practice. He made a heck of a name for himself.”
Jim Rice:
“He’s the best. A great guy and he’s very misunderstood by the media because he’s a private guy. It’s an insult that they waited 15 years to put him into the Hall of Fame. This was the most feared hitter in baseball in the ’70’s. Look at his achievements – they’re unbelievable. Good God, he won the Triple Crown when he was here and it hasn’t been done since. Nobody’s even come close.”
Nomar Garciaparra:
“He was a great athlete. When the Red Sox promoted him from Trenton, Ed Kenney called me and said they wanted me to keep an eye on him because they were worried that they were bringing him up to Triple-A too fast. So we would just sit down and talk. I tell you one thing – he shot one of baseball’s theories to hell: Not swinging at the first pitch. He would always swing at the first pitch and hit about .347. He was a great fielder, he could turn the double play like nobody’s business and he didn’t toot his own horn.”
Roger Clemens:
“If you want to win a free beer from your buddies at the saloon, ask them this question, ‘What’s the only team that Roger Clemens pitched for where he finished with a losing record?’ It’s Pawtucket – he was 2-3. He was just a young kid out of the University of Texas and he was only with us for a couple of months. The guy could pitch. I used to watch in his later years and think half of it was intimidation. He threw so hard and was so good that they were never comfortable in the batters box.”
Manny Ramirez:
“Manny was my favorite ballplayer of all time. He spent a month with us on rehab and he loved it here. He lived like a king, didn’t have to worry about all of those major league rules, and he supplied us with a lifetime of stories in one month. I remember one game, it was about the fifth or sixth inning and I heard the manager say, ‘Where’s Ramirez?’ because there was nobody in left field. It seems that Manny had been talking to a clubhouse kid whose father had a barbershop on Newport Avenue. So he hopped in his car and went to get a haircut in the middle of a game – uniform and all. The manager went nuts, but we thought it was hysterical. Like him or don’t like him, he certainly entertained us.”
Daisuke Matsuzaka:
“I enjoy him tremendously contrary to our managers. You see, Daisuke has a habit of loading the bases or putting two men on and then striking out three men. That drives a manager crazy and I laugh my head off because I think it’s the most entertaining thing in baseball.”
Tim Wakefield:
“I wish he was my brother – that nice a guy. He was a really classy guy to have around. He set a good example for the other guys in the clubhouse and so forth. We were proud to have him here and I wish he would come back often.”
Jose Canseco:
“You mean The Jose Canseco? He was a big pain in the rump who thought he was the most important thing in the world. He came here and he was something like 1-for-31. And he asked for something every single day. Then he would go out in left field and it was an adventure. Sometimes he caught them, sometimes they hit him, sometimes they went over his head.”
Dustin Pedroia:
“I have a gripe with all of the so-called baseball experts because they don’t know any more than I do. When Pedroia was here they said, ‘He’ll never make it. He’s too short. Too plump. No arm, no speed, no range, can’t hit.’ After he left us, he won every award in the American League that could be had … Rookie of the Year … MVP. Did they know what they were talking about? I’m so glad he won all of those awards because he deserved it. Everything they said that he couldn’t do — he did. So what does that tell you about all of the experts.”
* * * * *
I read recently that there are 292 pitches in an average professional baseball game.
If I did the math right, my pitch-to-pitch contract with Ben Mondor lasted for approximately 210,240 pitches.
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He was a class act and the International League is certainly better because of his presence and influence for many years. I remember a night about 20 years ago when the Pawsox clinched the pennant at Big Mac, as we affectionately called Mac Arthur Stadium. I recognized Ben from pictures I had seen, so I went up to him to express the congratulations of a diehard Chiefs’ fan. Ben was very gracious and we had a very pleasant conversation.
Dan Hoard
Recent Posts
Error: Twitter did not respond. Please wait a few minutes and refresh this page.
About Me
I began writing this blog when I was a broadcaster for the Pawtucket Red Sox before leaving the team at the end of the 2011 season to become the radio voice of the Cincinnati Bengals. I am also the radio play-by-play announcer for University of Cincinnati football and basketball. Thanks to all of you who began reading this blog for content about Red Sox prospects. I will always cherish my time with the PawSox.
I still plan to write about baseball and will post all of my blog entries about the Bengals and Bearcats on this blog as well. I welcome your questions and/or comments at [email protected]
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###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- A large probability sample of people with visual impairments made it possible to address the prevalence of sexual assaults within age groups.
- Use of interview-based assessments with validated instruments and detailed information about characteristics of visual impairment.
- The representativeness of the study sample is questionable as participants were recruited from a membership organisation of blind and partially sighted.
- The findings should be interpreted in light of the possible impact of bias due to non-participation, recall and self-disclosure.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Sexual assault, which in this study refers to forms of violence such as rape and forced sexual acts, is shown to be a strong determinant of people's health and well-being.[@R1] Sexual transmittable infections and unwanted pregnancies are common among those who have been sexually assaulted,[@R4] and about half of the reported cases involve physical injury.[@R5] Sexual assault is largely about power and oppression and is being viewed today as a social problem with structural and cultural roots.[@R6] So far, sexual assault research has focused primarily on women,[@R7] while less is known about marginalised groups such as men having sex with men[@R8] and people with specific impairments.[@R9]
Visual impairment (VI) is defined as functional restrictions of the visual system.[@R11] According to the WHO categorisation system,[@R12] a diagnosis of VI is set through direct assessments of visual acuity and visual field and classified into moderate to severe VI, blindness and undetermined VI. VI is a heterogeneous condition occurring at any point in life and has a diverse set of causes, severities and progression rates.[@R13] Furthermore, the majority of people with VI have other impairments in addition to their vision loss, being closely connected to conditions such as cerebral paresis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and hearing impairment.[@R15]
A few observational studies from Europe and the USA have been published on the prevalence of sexual assault in people with low vision or blindness.[@R18] In the previous studies, the reported lifetime prevalence of sexual assault or abuse has varied, with estimates ranging between 11% and 30%.[@R18] The varying estimates may be attributed to a number of methodological factors, but it could also be related to the inclusion of samples with different types and degrees of vision loss. However, limited evidence exists on the extent of sexual assault across subgroups of people with various VI characteristics,[@R18] and more research is therefore needed.
Given the uncertainty about the prevalence of sexual assaults in people with VI and its possible associations with various VI characteristics, we conducted a cross-sectional study by including a probability sample of adults with VI. The study had the following three main aims: (1) to estimate the prevalence of sexual assaults compared with the general population, (2) to examine the association of sexual assaults with VI-related characteristics and (3) to examine the association between sexual assaults and outcomes of self-efficacy and life satisfaction.
Methods {#s2}
=======
VI population {#s2a}
-------------
This cross-sectional study comprised adult members (≥18 years) of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted who had a diagnosis of VI. The organisation has about 10 000 members,[@R23] encompassing 0.2% of the Norwegian population. To ensure adequate number of participants in the younger age groups, simple random sampling was performed within each of the following four age strata: 18--35, 36--50, 51--65 and ≥66. Data were collected through structured telephone interviews in the time period between 1 February and 31 May 2017 by a private survey company. A total of 1216 adults were contacted, and 736 (61%) participated by completing the interview. The online supplement includes a flow chart of the sample selection (online [supplementary figure 1](#SP1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) and a detailed description of characteristics within each degree of VI (online [supplementary table S1](#SP2){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021602.supp1
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021602.supp2
General population {#s2b}
------------------
Norm data were based on the Norwegian Population Study, a cross-sectional survey including a representative sample of adults (≥18 years) from the general Norwegian population.[@R24] Simple random sampling was conducted based on names and addresses from the Central National Register of Norway, and efforts were made to ensure that the sample reflected the Norwegian population in terms of age, gender and geographical location. The study data were collected by postal questionnaires in the period between 2014 and 2015. Of the 5500 eligible participants, 9 persons had died, 21 were not able to fill out the questionnaire and 499 envelopes had non-valid addresses. This resulted in a total of 4971 individuals, and 1792 (36%) of those participated by completing and returning the postal questionnaire.
Measurements {#s2c}
------------
### Covariates {#s2c1}
In both surveys, sociodemographic data included age (years: 18--35, 36--50, 51--65 and ≥66), gender, urbanicity (inhabitants: \<20 000 and ≥20 000), current education level (years: \<11, 11--13 and ≥14), work status (unemployed, employed/under education and retired) and marital status (single, married/partner, divorced and widowed).
Participants with VI were asked to report their corrected degree of VI in the better-seeing eye (blind, severe VI, moderate VI and undetermined), progression rate of vision loss (stable and progressive) and total years lived with VI. An 'age of VI onset' variable was created by substracting the participants' age by their reporting on years lived with VI. The variable was then categorised into: 'since birth (0 years)', 'childhood/youth (1--24 years)' and 'adulthood (≥25 years)'. Furthermore, the participants were asked to describe whether they had other impairments in addition to their VI. The response alternatives were: 'no', 'yes, to some extent' and 'yes, to a great extent'. Participants who reported impairment to some or great extent were included in the 'yes' category, while those who reported having no other impairments were included in the 'no' category.
### Sexual assaults {#s2c2}
In both surveys, past experience of sexual assaults was measured by the Life Event Checklist for DSM-5. The questionnaire has demonstrated adequate test--retest reliability and moderate correlation with trauma-related mental disorders.[@R25] In the list of life events, participants were asked to describe whether they had experienced sexual assaults (rape, attempted rape, made to perform any type of sexual act through force or threat of harm). Those who reported 'that happened me' were categorised as 'yes' (1) and those who reported otherwise were categorised as 'no' (0).
### Self-efficacy {#s2c3}
The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE scale) was included to assess perception of self-efficacy in the VI population. The Norwegian version of the GSE scale has been shown to have a high test--retest reliability (r=0.82) and acceptable correlations with life satisfaction (r=0.26) and positive affect (r=0.40).[@R26] The scale consists of 10 statements about the participant's belief in one's ability to adequately respond to novel or challenging situations and to cope with a variety of stressors and is scored on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true). A sum score was calculated based on all 10 items, with higher scores representing greater self-efficacy. The sum score was treated as an untransformed continuous variable in our main analyses. The GSE scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89.
### Life satisfaction {#s2c4}
Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction was used to measure current life satisfaction in the VI population.[@R27] The participants were asked to imagine themselves a ladder with 10 steps, of which the bottom of the ladder represented the worst possible life for them (a score of 0), and the top of the ladder represented the best possible life for them (a score of 10). The scale was treated as an untransformed continuous variable in the regression analyses.
Statistical methods {#s2d}
-------------------
We assessed the lifetime prevalence of sexual assaults in the VI population and in the general population within strata of age and gender. All stratified proportions were estimated with corresponding 95% exact binomial CIs. Test of statistical significance was performed using Fisher's exact test.
We used generalised linear models (GLMs) with binomial distribution and log-link function to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs of sexual assaults in its association with each VI-specific factor (VI severity, age of VI onset, VI stability and having other impairments). Model fit was evaluated using residual plots. The models were either unadjusted or age adjusted and gender adjusted. No risk ratio modifications were observed of age or gender with each of the VI-specific factors (p\>0.05).
GLM with Gaussian distribution and identity-link function was used to estimate mean scores of self-efficacy and life satisfaction of those who had experienced sexual assaults, compared with the reference of no sexual assaults. Model estimates were presented in terms of RRs and 95% CIs. Model fit was evaluated using residual plots. The GLMs were either unadjusted or adjusted for age (years: 18--35, 36--50, 51--65 and ≥66), gender, education (years: \<11, 11--13 and ≥14) and VI severity (moderate VI, severe VI, blindness and undetermined VI). No risk ratio modifications were found of sexual assault with each of the possible confounding factors (p\>0.05).
The significance level was set at p=0.05. The statistical analyses were carried out using Stata V.14.
Patient and public involvement {#s2e}
------------------------------
The study was planned by an expert group, consisting of researchers on disability, rehabilitation personnel and board members from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Most participants had personal experiences as they themselves were visually impaired or blind. Dissemination of findings to members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted will be arranged via different channels. The work will be published in open-access peer-reviewed journals so that all members have opportunity to read the articles. Furthermore, we will have a direct communication with the organisation to provide results of key relevance to the organisation and holding presentations to members on request. We will also work together with the organisation to reach media through press releases and to reach stakeholders through policy briefs.
Ethics {#s2f}
------
All participants gave their informed consent for taking part in the study. Study participation was voluntary, and the participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time.
Results {#s3}
=======
[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"} shows the study characteristics of the VI population and the general population. The age distribution of the VI population (mean: 51.4, range: 18--95) was similar to that of the general population (mean: 53.2, range: 18--94). In both surveys, non-participants were more likely than participants to be of young or old age.
######
Characteristics of the visual impairment population (VI) and the general population (GP), according to gender
Characteristics Female VI Female GP Male VI Male GP
----------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Age (years)
18--35 88 (21.8) 189 (20.1) 69 (20.7) 105 (12.7)
36--50 101 (25.1) 273 (28.9) 85 (25.5) 184 (22.2)
51--65 106 (26.3) 267 (28.4) 94 (28.2) 286 (34.5)
≥66 108 (26.8) 212 (22.5) 85 (25.5) 253 (30.6)
Urbanicity
\<20 000 inhabitants 227 (56.3) 444 (47.3) 172 (51.7) 399 (48.9)
≥20 000 inhabitants 176 (43.7) 494 (52.7) 161 (48.4) 426 (51.1)
Education (years)
\<11 69 (17.1) 79 (8.4) 46 (13.8) 62 (7.5)
11--13 162 (40.2) 346 (36.7) 124 (37.2) 336 (40.5)
≥14 172 (42.7) 517 (54.9) 163 (49.0) 432 (52.0)
Work status
Employed/studying 154 (38.2) 641 (68.3) 160 (48.1) 526 (63.1)
Unemployed 152 (37.7) 82 (8.7) 73 (21.9) 60 (7.2)
Retired 97 (24.1) 216 (23.0) 100 (30.0) 224 (29.3)
Marital status
Single 131 (32.5) 133 (14.2) 129 (38.7) 96 (11.6)
Married/partnership 181 (44.9) 698 (74.3) 166 (49.9) 672 (80.9)
Divorced 46 (11.4) 59 (6.2) 25 (7.5) 38 (4.6)
Widowed 45 (11.2) 49 (5.2) 13 (3.9) 25 (3.0)
A total of 78 (10.6%, 95% CI 8.5 to 13.1) of adults with VI and 109 (6.1%, 95% CI 5.1 to 7.3) of adults from the general population reported having at some time experienced sexual assaults. [Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"} displays the prevalence rates of sexual assaults across strata of age and gender. For women, a higher prevalence of sexual assaults was observed among individuals with VI than that of the general population, and the largest difference was found among those aged 36--50 years. For men, no significant differences were observed. The female/male ratio was 7.3 for the VI population and 5.9 for the general population.
######
Prevalence of sexual assaults in the visual impairment population (VI) and in the general population (GP), according to age and gender
Female VI (n=403)\* Female GP (n=941)\* P values† Male VI (n=333)\* Male GP (n=828)† P values†
-------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------------ ----------- ------------------- -------- ------------------ ------
Age groups (years)
18--35 15/88 17.1 (10.5 to 26.5) 22/189 11.6 (7.8 to 17.1) 0.26 1/69 1.5 (0.2 to 9.7) 1/105 1.0 (0.1 to 6.5) 1.00
36--50 26/101 25.7 (18.1 to 35.2) 31/273 11.4 (8.1 to 15.7) 0.001 4/85 4.7 (1.8 to 12.0) 3/184 1.6 (0.5 to 5.0) 0.21
51--65 17/106 16.0 (10.2 to 24.4) 28/267 10.5 (7.3 to 14.8) 0.16 2/94 2.1 (0.5 to 8.2) 6/286 2.1 (0.9 to 4.6) 1.00
≥66 12/108 11.1 (6.4 to 18.6) 13/212 6.1 (3.6 to 10.3) 0.13 1/85 1.2 (0.2 to 8.0) 4/253 1.6 (0.6 to 4.1) 1.00
Total 70/403 17.4 (14.0 to 21.4) 94/941 10.0 (8.3 to 12.1) \<0.001 8/333 2.4 (1.2 to 4.7) 14/828 1.7 (1.0 to 2.8) 0.48
\*No missing data due to non-response for the VI population, while there were 23 participants from the general population who did not respond to questions related to age and/or gender.
†P value calculated using Fisher's exact test.
tot, total number of participants in that particular subgroup.
[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} displays the unadjusted and age-adjusted and gender-adjusted risk of sexual assaults for VI-related characteristics in the VI population. Individuals with other impairments in addition to their vision loss had a greater risk of experiencing sexual assaults (RR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.55) than individuals who did not have any other impairments. No significant associations were found with other VI-related factors.
{#F1}
In individuals with VI who had experienced sexual assaults, the mean scores (SD) were 29.8 (5.7) for self-efficacy and 5.8 (2.3) for life satisfaction. In individuals with VI who had not experience any sexual assaults, the mean scores (SD) were 31.7 (5.0) for self-efficacy and 6.9 (1.9) for life satisfaction. Results from the unadjusted GLMs showed that those who had been exposed to sexual assault had lower levels of self-efficacy (RR: 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.64) and life satisfaction (RR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.50) compared with those who had not been sexually assaulted. After adjusting for age, gender, education and VI severity, the associations remained statistically significant for both self-efficacy (RR: 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61) and life satisfaction (RR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.53).
Discussion {#s4}
==========
The results from this cross-sectional study showed a higher prevalence of people in the VI population being exposed to sexual assaults such as being raped and forced into sexual acts compared with that in the general population, reaching statistical significance for women only. In the population of people with VI, the risk of sexual assaults was particularly high among individuals having other impairments in addition to their vision loss. Lastly, individuals with VI who had been assaulted sexually had lower levels of self-efficacy and life satisfaction compared with the reference of no sexual assaults.
Strengths and limitations {#s4a}
-------------------------
This is one of few studies addressing the prevalence and associated factors of sexual assaults by including a probability sample of adults with VI[@R19] and extends previous research by obtaining valid estimates of sexual assaults across a broad array of age groups and including data obtained from the general population. Other study strengths are the detailed description of important VI characteristics and the use of interview-based assessments with validated instruments.
The cross-sectional observational study design limited the possibility to address relationships of cause and effect, and although we have controlled for some potentially confounding factors, it is plausible that our analyses are subjected to residual confounding. In addition, there may be differences in what people perceive or define as sexual assault. We believe that the specific examples of violent behaviours included in the study question made it easier for people to grasp what is meant by sexual assaults. Furthermore, the use of self-reports may have affected the accuracy and validity of the estimates, and the prevalence of sexual assaults could be underestimated as a function of response biases like recall bias and self-disclosure bias. Data on sexual assaults were obtained by telephone interviews in the VI population and by postal survey in the general population. Reviews of the literature suggest higher rates of sensitive information when reported by questionnaires than by interviews.[@R28] Thus, the observed difference between people with VI and the general population may be a conservative estimate.
As in most studies focusing on sensitive topics,[@R29] the high rates of people declining to participate from the VI population and the general population may have introduced biased estimates. We believe that the bias of sample selection have primarily affected the frequencies of sexual assaults and other covariates and, to a lesser extent, the relationships of interest.[@R30] Lastly, inclusion of participants from a membership organisation of blind and visually impaired people questions the representativeness of our study sample. Our study sample is comparable with 2015 census data of people who had vision difficulties with regard to gender, occupational status and geographical location, while we included a higher percentage of people having higher education and living alone.[@R31]
Relation to other studies {#s4b}
-------------------------
The lifetime prevalence of sexual assaults in our study population is either equal to or lower than what has been found in comparable studies of blind and visually impaired populations in the USA (12%)[@R19] or in Norway (18%).[@R18] Furthermore, the results from our study are partly in agreement with the hypothesis of VI as a risk factor for experiencing serious forms of sexual violence.[@R18] However, the low number of cases among men makes it difficult to draw inferences for the male population.
Our results of higher rates of sexual assaults in those having other functional impairments in addition to their VI illustrate that being markedly different from non-impaired people, and especially visibly different, may put individuals at risk of being exposed to certain forms of violence and abuse. Unlike the study by Kvam,[@R18] we did not observe any significant associations between age of VI onset and sexual assaults.
We found a lower lifetime prevalence of sexual assault in adults 51 years or older compared with younger age groups. This deserves to be commented as we expected a cumulative exposure to assaults with increasing age. In addition to the possibility of recall bias and differences across age cohorts in attitudes towards violence,[@R32] our findings may be explained by a high percentage of participants in older age groups who developed their VI in old age.[@R13]
Risk of sexual assault {#s4c}
----------------------
Individuals with VI may be at risk of sexual assaults for many reasons, being either specific to VI itself or related to having an impairment in general. First, many people with VI are known to have lower socioeconomic status and to be more prone to social isolation and dependency.[@R33] This makes it easier for a perpetrator to assert power and control over the victim.[@R10] Being dependent on other people in care or service situations, which may be the case especially for some of those having additional impairments, may provide for closeness and intimacy.[@R10] Often, the perpetrator has a close relationship to the victim. It has been found that 9 in 10 victims with VI were abused either by an acquaintance or a close relative.[@R18] Important issues related to sexual violence are differences in power and control. Negative social views towards people with impairments, like stigmatisation and discrimination, may be internalised by the individual, leading to low self-esteem and feelings of self-blame.[@R34] Dependency, fear of being left alone and feelings of unworthiness can make people stay in a relationship that is potentially abusive.
Self-efficacy and life satisfaction {#s4d}
-----------------------------------
To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing possible consequences of being exposed to sexual violence among individuals with VI. Our findings of an association between sexual assault and lower levels of self-efficacy or life satisfaction in adults with VI are similar to what has been observed in the general population[@R2] and may have similar plausible explanations. Rape and forced sexual acts might cause deep-rooted consequences in various life domains, such as role management and the ability to socialise.[@R37] Moreover, lower levels of self-efficacy and life satisfaction could be due to the fact that traumatic events like rape could affect people's view of themselves, others and the world, as well as resulting in stress reactions like avoidance, low self-esteem, negative cognition and self-blaming.[@R38] Self-efficacy is a key psychological component for restoring functioning and health after experiencing trauma and the ability to handle post-traumatic stress reactions is associated with self-efficacy beliefs in the future.[@R36]
Implications {#s4e}
------------
The high prevalence of sexual assault in people with sensory impairments calls for preventive measures. Violence prevention strategies should try to raise public awareness, promote open discussion and upgrade professional education, service support and guidance.[@R39] There is also a need for strategies that provide safe avenues through which people with VI can escape or recover after an assaulting event. Until now, few people with VI have prosecuted the perpetrator,[@R18] and measures to intensify the legal protection of people with VI should be addressed.
Violence is largely about power and oppression.[@R6] Impaired individuals' risk of serious forms of sexual violence may be rooted in social isolation and being of a low social position. Thus, social integration of people with impairments should be a main objective to make them more robust towards sexual assaults, which can be achieved through universal design of information and public spaces, reducing stigmatisation and discrimination towards people with impairments and fostering self-reliance and independency of the individual.
Possible consequences of sexual assaults for self-efficacy and life satisfaction emphasise the need for professional assistance for those who have been abused. Access to help services are crucial, and adapted information and professionals trained to the needs and challenges of people with VI are recommended.
Supplementary Material
======================
###### Reviewer comments
###### Author\'s manuscript
The authors would like to thank Marianne Bang Hansen for her contribution to the study design and data collection. We also want to thank Sverre Fuglerud, Per Fosse and Liv Berit Augestad for valuable insights into the lives of people who are blind and visually impaired. Lastly, we would like to thank the study expert group and all collaborating project partners in the European Network for Psychosocial Crisis Management -- Assisting Disabled in Case of Disaster (EUNAD) for making it possible to conduct this research study.
**Contributors:** AB planned the statistical analysis, analysed and interpreted the data and drafted and revised the paper. TH designed the research study, monitored data collection for the whole study, cleaned the data, interpreted the data and drafted and revised the paper.
**Funding:** This work received grants from the European Commission, Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (grant number: ECHO/SUB/2015/718665/PREP17).
**Competing interests:** None declared.
**Patient consent:** Not required.
**Ethics approval:** The study was carried out anonymously and at request the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics required no further formal ethical approval (reference number: 2016/1615A).
**Provenance and peer review:** Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
**Data sharing statement:** Data are from the research project European Network for Psychosocial Crisis Management -- Assisting Disabled in Case of Disaster (EUNAD). Public availability may comprise privacy of the respondents. According to the informed consent given by each respondent, the data are to be stored properly and in line with the Norwegian Law of Privacy Protection. However, anonymised data are available to researchers who provide a methodological sound proposal in accordance with the informed consent of the respondents. Interested researchers can contact project leader Trond Heir (trond.heir\@medisin.uio.no) with request for our study data.
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427 S.E.2d 659 (1993)
Theresa L. BLUMBERG, Robert L. Blumberg, Frederick Trust, by Frederick J. Loef, and Frederick J. Loef, Petitioners,
v.
NEALCO, INC., and Robert O. Collins, Respondents.
No. 23809.
Supreme Court of South Carolina.
Heard January 6, 1993.
Decided February 22, 1993.
*660 Donald J. Budman, of Solomon, Kahn, Budman & Stricker, Charleston, for petitioners.
Desa A. Ballard, of Ness, Motley, Loadholt, Richardson & Poole, P.A., Barnwell, for respondents.
MOORE, Justice:
We granted certiorari to review the Court of Appeals' decision in Blumberg v. Nealco, Inc., ___ S.C. ___, 416 S.E.2d 211 (Ct.App.1992). Petitioners Theresa L. Blumberg, Robert L. Blumberg, Frederick Loef, Trust, by Frederick J. Loef, and Frederick J. Loef (Blumberg) contend the Court of Appeals erred in reversing without remand the trial court's award of attorney's fees. We affirm as modified.
FACTS
In September 1987, Blumberg and Respondents (Nealco) executed a five-year lease. The lease provided for reasonable attorney's fees if Nealco failed to comply with its terms. In August 1988, Blumberg filed a complaint seeking among other things past due and future rent and reasonable attorney's fees. The circuit court awarded Blumberg past due rent and reasonable attorney's fees which he found to be $5,000.00. Nealco appealed.
The Court of Appeals reversed and remanded for reconsideration both the award of damages and attorneys' fees. Nealco moved for a rehearing on the issue of remanding the award of attorney's fees claiming that Blumberg had failed to establish any attorney's fees and should not be permitted to "reopen" the record and introduce evidence on remand. The Court of Appeals modified its holding and reversed the award of attorney's fees and remanded for reconsideration only the award of damages. Blumberg now appeals the Court of Appeals' failure to remand the issue of attorney's fees.
ISSUE
The sole issue for review is whether the Court of Appeals erred in reversing the award of attorney's fees without remanding the issue.
DISCUSSION
The general rule is that attorney's fees are not recoverable unless authorized by contract or statute. Baron Data Sys., Inc. v. Loter, 297 S.C. 382, 377 S.E.2d 296 (1989); Hegler v. Gulf Ins. Co., 270 S.C. 548, 243 S.E.2d 443 (1978); Collins v. Collins, 239 S.C. 170, 122 S.E.2d 1 (1961). When there is a contract, the award of attorney's fees is left to the discretion of the trial judge and will not be disturbed unless an abuse of discretion is shown. Baron, supra. "Where an attorney's services and their value are determined by the trier of fact, an appeal will not prevail if the findings of fact are supported by any competent evidence." Baron, 297 S.C. at 384, 377 S.E.2d 296 (emphasis added).
There is no dispute that the lease provided for attorney's fees. The dispute centers around whether the recovery of attorney's fees was waived because no evidence was offered to establish if any fees were incurred. The only evidence which was offered at trial to establish the attorney's fees was Blumberg's testimony that the petitioners were seeking reasonable fees.
There are six factors to consider in determining an award of attorney's fees: 1) nature, extent, and difficulty of the legal services rendered; 2) time and labor devoted to the case; 3) professional standing of counsel; 4) contingency of compensation; 5) fee customarily charged in the locality for similar services; and 6) beneficial results obtained. Collins, supra. Nealco contends that no proof was offered at trial that any attorney's fees had been incurred and, therefore, Blumberg essentially waived an award. We disagree.
Although several cases have reversed, without remanding, an award of attorney's fees based on a lack of evidence, these cases can be distinguished. Gainey v. Gainey, 279 S.C. 68, 301 S.E.2d 763 (1983) (no request for attorney's fees); Snider v. Butler, 278 S.C. 231, 294 S.E.2d 246 (1982) (did not fall under an exception to the bar of recovering attorney's fees).
*661 Other cases have reversed an award of fees and remanded the issue when there was a lack of evidence. In Sunrise Sav. & Loan Ass'n v. Mariner's Cay Dev. Corp., 295 S.C. 208, 367 S.E.2d 696 (1988), this Court remanded the issue of attorney's fees because the award was unsupported by the evidence and held it was necessary to take evidence on the reasonableness of the award. See also Farmers & Merchants Bank v. Fargnoli, 274 S.C. 23, 260 S.E.2d 185 (1979).
When an award of attorney's fees is requested and authorized by contract or statute, the court should make specific findings of fact on the record for each factor set forth in Collins, supra. On appeal, absent sufficient evidentiary support on the record for each factor, the award should be reversed and the issue remanded for the trial court to make specific findings of fact. The Court of Appeals should have remanded the issue of attorney's fees. Accordingly, the Court of Appeals' decision is
AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.
HARWELL, C.J., and CHANDLER, FINNEY and TOAL, JJ., concur.
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Q:
Maven-dependency-plugin copy package to a few places
I use maven-dependency-plugin to copy built package to remote server. I do this so:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>${project.artifactId}</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<type>${project.packaging}</type>
<outputDirectory>/home/xxx/</outputDirectory>
</artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
Now I need to copy it to one more place (shared package for client and server - interfaces). How can I do it? I tried to add second outputDirectory,new block artifactItems and new block artifactItem but no result.
A:
You have to add another <execution> tag for this. This may share the same phase but has to have a unique id.
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Watch: Gryphons & Orcs in First TV Spot for Duncan Jones' 'Warcraft'
“Enemies will unite. Worlds will collide.” Legendary has debuted the first official TV spot for the upcoming Warcraft movie (even though we already posted an international TV spot previously) based on the World of Warcraft games. Duncan Jones (of Moon, Source Code) directs this massive fantasy epic, involving a giant battle between Orcs and Humans, starring Travis Fimmel, Robert Kazinsky, Ben Foster, Paula Patton & Dominic Cooper. The more we see of this as we get closer to release, the better it looks, the rendering of the Orcs is actually starting to get to the level of Avatar. Take a closer look at the footage in this. Don’t give up hope yet! This is still a Duncan Jones movie, and I expect it to be entertaining at the very least. Enjoy!›››
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The present invention relates to a multilayer wiring board which can carry a large number of LSI chips used for central processing units (CPUs) for large computers, the multilayer wiring board having via holes for supplying the power to the mounted LSIs.
Conventionally, multilayer printed wiring boards have been used for LSI chip mounted wiring boards. The multilayer printed wiring board is fabricated by alternately laminating a copper clad laminate acting as core materials and prepregs acting as an adhesive sheet and then thermally pressing the laminated structure as one piece body. In order to electrically interconnect laminated plates, after core materials and prepregs are integrally laminated, through holes are formed in the laminated structure with a drill. Then, the inner walls of the through holes are plated with copper. Usually, the multilayer printed wiring board is power supplied or grounded via the through holes.
Recently, multilayer wiring boards, in which polyimide resin acting as interlayer insulation is formed on a ceramic substrate, have been used for large computers demanding a high wiring density.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional polyimide/ceramic multilayer wiring board.
A ceramic substrate 150 has through holes 151 therein each which electrically connects with an IO terminal 156. Wiring layers are formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 150. Plural polyimide resin layers 152, each in which a power-source via hole 112 is formed, are build-up on the ceramic substrate 150.
Each polyimide resin layer 152 is made by repeating a series of steps including a polyimide-resin-layer forming step and a wiring layer forming step. The polyimide-resin-layer forming step includes the steps of coating a polyimide precursor on the ceramic substrate 150, drying it, and then forming a power-source via hole 112 in the coated film. The wiring layer forming step includes a photolithographic process, vacuum deposition, and plating.
In such a layer structure, each of the 1aM layer, the 2aM layer, the 4aM layer, the 5aM layer, and the 7aM layer acts as a signal layer. Each of the 0aM layer, the 3aM layer, and the 6aM layer acts as the grounding layer. The 8aM layer acts as a cover surface layer. A power-source conductive pattern 100a with power-source via holes 112 is formed on each of the 8aM layer, the 7aM layer, the 4am layer, and the 1aM. Similarly, a power-source conductive pattern 100b is formed on each of the 6aM layer, the 3aM layer, and the 0aM layer. A power-source conductive pattern 100c is formed on each of the 5aM layer and the 2aM layer.
In order to energize the LSI 155 assembled on the upper surface of the polyimide/ceramic multilayer wiring board with the above-mentioned structure, the power is first guided from the IO terminal 156 formed on the back surface of the ceramic substrate 150 to the 0aM layer through via holes. Moreover, the power is supplied to the soldering bump 154 through the 0aM layer and through the power-source via hole 112 of each layer and through the pad 188 on the 8aM layer being a cover surface layer.
Another mounting pad (not shown) is electrically connected with another soldering bump of the LSI 155 so that the power is electrically connected to the signal layer and the ground layer.
FIG. 15 illustrates a copper-foiled power-source conductor pattern with power-source via holes, arranged on the polyimide/ceramic multilayer wiring board shown in FIG. 14. Power-source via holes 112 are respectively formed at three points of nine points where line segments X1a, X2a and X3a dividing in the X direction of the power-source conductor pattern cross with line segments Y1a, Y2a and Y3a dividing in the Y-direction thereof. The power-source conductive pattern 100 is of the so-called 3xc3x973 matrix type. Each power-source conductive pattern 112 is formed within the via hole land 113 through a photolithographic process.
The power-source conductive pattern 100 has, for example, a square of 189 (xcexcm)xc3x97189 (xcexcm). The via hole land 113 has a square of 56 (xcexcm)xc3x9756 (xcexcm). The power-source via hole 112 has rounded corners R and is of a square of 45 (xcexcm)xc3x9745 (xcexcm).
FIGS. 16A to 16I illustrate power-source conductive patterns arranged on each of laminated layers in the polyimide/ceramic multilayer wiring board shown in FIG. 14. That is, FIG. 16I shows the bottom layer. FIG. 16A shows the top layer. The power-source conductive patterns 100a, 100b and 100c as well as the via holes 112a, 112b and 112c respectively therein are represented schematically.
FIG. 16A shows the power-source conductive pattern 100a formed on the 8aM layer covering the surface of the top layer. FIG. 16B shows the power-source conductive pattern 100a arranged on the 7aM layer on which a signal line is formed in the Y-direction. FIG. 16E shows the power-source conductive pattern 100a arranged on the 4aM layer on which a signal line is formed in the Y-direction. FIG. 16H shows the power-source conductive pattern 100a arranged on the 1aM layer on which a signal line is formed in the Y-direction. FIG. 16C shows the power-source conductive pattern 100b arranged on the 6aM layer or the ground layer connected to the ground. FIG. 16F shows the power-source conductive pattern 100b arranged on the 3aM layer or the ground layer connected to the ground. FIG. 16I shows the power-source conductive pattern 100b arranged on the 0aM layer or the ground layer connected to the ground.
Moreover, FIG. 16D shows the power-source conductive pattern 100c arranged on the 5aM layer on which a signal line is formed in the X-direction. FIG. 16G shows the power-source conductive pattern 100c arranged on the 2aM layer on which a signal line is formed in the X-direction.
Each of FIGS. 17A and 17C is a plan view schematically illustrating a conductive pattern formed on each layer.
FIG. 17A shows the power-source pattern 100a arranged on the layer on which a signal line is formed in the Y-direction. FIG. 17B shows the power-source pattern 100b arranged on the layer connected to the ground. FIG. 17C shows the power-source pattern 100c arranged on the layer on which the signal line formed in the Y-direction. Three power-source via holes 112a are arranged in the power-source conductive pattern 100a, as shown in FIG. 17A. Three power-source via holes 112b are arranged in the power-source conductive pattern 100b, as shown in FIG. 17B. Three power-source via holes 112c are arranged in the power-source conductive pattern 100c, as shown in FIG. 17C. That is, the power-source via holes 112a to 112c are positioned in such a way that the projected positions of the power-source via holes 112a to 112c are not aligned with each other when the power-source conductive patterns 100a to 100c are piled up.
The power-source conductive patterns 100a to 100c are piled up in the order shown in FIGS. 16A to 16I. The power-source via holes 112a to 112c respectively formed in the power-source conductive patterns 100a to 100c are of the same type of conductive pattern. For example, the power-source via hole 112a in the power-source conductive pattern 100a disposed on a layer having signal lines formed in the Y-direction is electrically connected to only the power-source via hole 112a in the power-source conductive pattern 100a disposed on another layer. In other type of conductive pattern, that is, both the power-source via hole 112b formed on the power-source conductive pattern 100b and the power-source via hole 112c formed on the power-source conductive pattern 100c are not electrically connected to the power-source via hole 112a in the power-source conductive pattern 100a because the power-source via hole 112a is arranged as shown in the above example.
FIG. 18 illustrates the relationship between conductive patterns formed on the 5aM layer and X-directional signal lines.
Of areas where five wiring channels can be arranged on the 5aM layer with the power-source conductive patterns 100c, only the areas where two outer signal lines, that is, the X-directional signal lines 120 and 121 act as wiring channels. Three inner signal lines act as non wiring channels because of the presence of the power-source conductive pattern 100c.
The power-source via holes 112a to 112c are positioned in such a way that the projection positions thereof are not aligned with each other in the adjacent layer and the next adjacent layer. For example, the power-source via hole 112c on the 2aM layer is formed at a different position with respect to the power-source via hole 112a on the 1M layer (an adjacent layer), the power-source via hole 112b on the 3M layer (an adjacent layer), the power-source via hole 112a on the 0aM layer (the next adjacent layer), and the power-source via hole 112a on the 4M layer (the next adjacent layer). The reason is to solve the question that degradation of the stiffness of the portion where upper and lower via holes are aligned with each other may cause a warp of the polyimide resin layer 152, so that the reliability of via hole connection cannot be ensured.
Next, a conventional build-up board will be explained below as one example of multilayer wiring boards.
The build-up board belongs to one of multilayer wiring boards. An insulating layer of a photo-sensitive resin is formed on a multilayer printed wiring substrate using a glass epoxy resin insulator. Minute via holes are opened in the printed substrate using a photolithographic process or laser. Connection between the upper layer and the lower layer and pattern formation are performed through a plating step. Thus, the build-up board is made by sequentially piling up build-up layers. This allows LSI terminals to be arranged in high density.
FIG. 19 is a plan view schematically and partially illustrating a conventional build-up board.
The mounting pad 188b, on which a soldering bump of a LSI (not shown) is placed, is electrically connected to a signal transmission via hole 189 for signal transmission formed within a via hole land 190. The mounting pad 188a is electrically connected to a signal transmission via hole 187b formed within a via hole land 190.
The via hole land 190 has a dimension of 0.075 (mm)xc3x970.075 (mm). The signal via hole 189 has a diameter of 0.05 mm. The power-source via hole 187b has a diameter of 0.05 mm. The build-up board has a ground via hole (not shown) of a diameter of 0.05 mm and a via hole land (not shown) of a diameter of 0.05 mm.
However, in order to deal with an increased number of signals connected between LSIs with the recent trend toward high density, it is required to increase the number of wiring channels per layer within a limited number of wiring layers. The number of via holes for power supplying or grounding has to be reduced as small as possible. Meanwhile, the voltage necessary for operation of an LSI has to be maintained, with an electric resistance suppressed between the power supply pin on the back surface of the base substrate and the LSI. This leads to increasing the diameter of a via hole or to increasing the number of via holes for power supplying and for grounding as degree as possible. There is a contradiction between that approach and a demand for increasing the number of wiring channels.
In the conventional structure, a plurality of via holes are uniformly arranged in a matrix form of 3xc3x973 to one power supply pin of an LSI, independently of the layer structure. In the 3xc3x973 type arrangement, as shown schematically in FIG. 18, the case often occurs where, of areas where five wiring channels are disposed, only two outer lines are wiring channels while the inner three power-source lines are wiring channels because of the presence of the power-source conductor pattern 100c. In the case of the 3xc3x973 conductive pattern, since an increasing number of LSI pins leads to increasing not only signal lines but also power supply terminals, the number of signals to be wired increases. However, in that case, it becomes difficult to increase the number of wiring channels because of the presence of a conductive pattern in which via holes are formed. The number of wiring channels may be increased by densely making the wiring grid or increasing the number of wiring layers. However, this approach results in increased costs due to degradation in product quality.
In order to fully power-supply or ground LSIs on the build-up board, a single power-source via hole or grounding via hole having the same diameter as that the signal via hole formed one via hole land has a high resistance, so that an necessary voltage cannot be often supplied. In order to decrease the resistance, it is necessary to increase the size of a via hole. However, formation of a through hole in the build-up layer makes it difficult to deal with a high dense assembly being the feature of the build-up board.
The objective of the invention is to provide a multilayer wiring board that can increase wiring channels in a wiring layer and can secure power-source via holes needed for power supplying.
A second object of the invention is to provide a multilayer wiring board that has via holes for power-supplying and grounding, each having a decreased electric resistance.
In achieve the above mentioned objectives, a multilayer wiring board according to the present invention comprises a first wiring layer having a first wiring pattern; a second wiring layer having a second wiring pattern; the wiring direction of the first wiring pattern and the wiring direction of the second wiring pattern being substantially perpendicularly to each other, the first wiring layer and second wiring layer being laminated; and a plurality of conductive patterns formed on each of the first and second wiring layers in such a way that each of long sides is oriented substantially in the same direction as the wiring direction of a wiring pattern formed on each wiring layer, each of the conductive patterns in which a plurality of via holes are formed, each of the conductive patterns having a nearly rectangular form.
In the multilayer wiring board with the above-mentioned structure according to the present invention, the long side of a rectangular conductive pattern on which via holes are formed is oriented substantially in the same direction as that of the wiring pattern. The area occupied by a wiring pattern in the arranged direction on a conductive pattern on which the long side is oriented substantially the same direction as the direction of the wiring pattern is small, compared with the occupied area of a conventional rectangular conductive pattern.
The position at which each via hole in each of the conductive patterns formed on the first wiring layer is projected may not aligned with a position at which each via hole in each of the conductive patterns formed on the second wiring layer. This structure can avoid electrically interconnecting wiring layers on which wiring patterns are formed in different directions.
Moreover, the long side of each of the conductive patterns may correspond to the length along which at least three via holes can be formed. The short side of each of the conductive patterns may correspond to the length along which at least two via holes can be formed. In this case, at least two via holes may be formed in each of the conductive patterns.
Moreover, according to the present invention, the multilayer wiring board comprises a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer laminated to each other; a plurality of first conductive patterns arranged on the first wiring layer, each of the plurality of first conductive patterns having a plurality of power-source via holes; and a plurality of second conductive patterns arranged on the second wiring layer, each of the plurality of second conductive patterns having a plurality of power-source via holes at positions which are not aligned with positions where the via holes in the first pattern are projected.
In the multilayer wiring board with the above-mentioned structure according to the present invention, plural power-source via holes are formed in the conductive pattern, so that the electric resistance upon power supplying can be reduced.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the multilayer wiring board comprises a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer laminated to each other; a plurality of first conductive patterns arranged on the first wiring layer, each of the plurality of first conductive patterns having a plurality of grounding via holes; and a plurality of second conductive patterns arranged on the second wiring layer, each of the plurality of second conductive patterns having a plurality of grounding via holes at positions which are not aligned with positions where the via holes in the first pattern are projected.
In the multilayer wiring board with the above-mentioned structure according to the present invention, plural grounding via holes are formed in the conductive pattern, so that the electric resistance upon power supplying can be reduced.
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Q:
Non negative matrix factorisation in python on individual images
I am trying to apply NMF to a particular image that is loaded in grayscale mode. I have tried several links but my image after application of NMF remains almost the same and cannot be distinguished with the grayscale image initially loaded.
However, when i come across the scikit-learn's code on implementing decomposition on a dataset, i see that the faces there have been transformed into ghost - like faces. Here is the link:
http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_faces_decomposition.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-faces-decomposition-py
And here is the code I am using:
import cv2
from sklearn import decomposition
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('test1.jpeg',0)
estimator = decomposition.NMF(n_components = 2, init = 'nndsvda', tol = 5e-3)
estimator.fit(img)
vmax = max(img.max(), -img.min())
plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray, interpolation = 'nearest',vmin=-vmax,vmax=vmax)
plt.show()
I am new to the techniques of NMF on matrices espicially such a large image numpy array.
My image is test1.jpeg that is 225 * 224 .jpeg image.
Can someone please help me on implementing the code for a single image?
Thanks a lot in advance.
A:
The reason you get the original image in the plot is that you actually plot the original image. Instead you would need to work with the output of estimator.
The NMF decomposition produces two matrices W and H that compose the original matrix. You need to multiply those to get the image.
import cv2
from sklearn import decomposition
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('data/trump2.jpg',0)
vmax = max(img.max(), -img.min())
fig, (ax, ax2) =plt.subplots(ncols=2)
ax.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray, interpolation = 'nearest',vmin=-vmax,vmax=vmax)
n_components = 20
estimator = decomposition.NMF(n_components = n_components, init = 'random', tol=5e-3)
W = estimator.fit_transform(img)
H = estimator.components_
new_img = np.dot(W,H)
ax2.imshow(new_img, cmap=plt.cm.gray,
interpolation='nearest',
vmin=-vmax, vmax=vmax)
plt.show()
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The word Yoga means “to join or yoke together,” and it brings the body and mind together into one harmonious experience. The whole system of Yoga is built on three main structures: exercise, breathing, and meditation.
A few Yoga exercises practiced daily help to regulate the breath and relax the body by gently releasing tension from the large muscle groups, flushing all parts of the body and brain with fresh blood, oxygen, and other nutrients, and increasing feelings of well-being.
Weight Management with Yoga Yoga is a gentle way to bring a balanced attitude to all aspects of life. Yoga can help you control your weight more effectively, whether you need to lose weight or to gain it.
Yoga & Headaches Even if you suffer from headaches only infrequently, they can dramatically disrupt your life. While some headaches may subside within a short time, throbbing migraines can cripple individuals
Yoga for a Healthy Back and Neck Back problems are very common among adults: some estimates say that over 20% of adults have some chronic back pain. Among the many causes of back pain are poor posture,
Pain Management with Yoga If you live with chronic pain, you know how debilitating the constant discomfort can be on your reserves of strength, energy, and feelings of well-being. Using Yoga techniques
How Yoga Helps Depression Everyone feels "blue" from time to time, but when depression deepens or persists for a long time, it can suppress your energy for living and make you more vulnerable to disease
Researchers now know that yoga paired with other lifestyle changes can prevent or correct heart problems, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Yoga practice can make a real difference in the health of your heart by strengthening your body, teaching you how to relax mentally and physically, and showing you how to better manage stress reactions.
Yoga and High Blood Pressure Yoga has been recognized for some time as being effective in reducing high blood pressure, particularly the diastolic (lower) number, which is the most crucial. You can experience
Yoga and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Unlike many exercise programs, Yoga practice does not take energy away from the system; instead, it puts energy back into the system. Contrary to most exercise programs
Yoga and Infertility The despair of infertility and impotence is a direct result of the heavy demands of and changes in our American lifestyle today. One of the most dramatic changes in the past 20 years
*DISCLAIMER*: The information contained in or provided through this site section is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be and is not a substitute for professional advice. Use of this site section and any information contained on or provided through this site section is at your own risk and any information contained on or provided through this site section is provided on an "as is" basis without any representations or warranties.
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GALLERY
-
WITH 360 VIEW
GALLERY WITH 360 VIEW
Touch the circle for a different point of view.
You can’t get closer to the beach in Bali than in Villa Sound of the Sea. Our beach is cleaned twice dialy to give the purest experience. Sit in our garden and enjoy the surfers exploits or our famous sunset
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Paul Binnerts's Acting in Real Time PDF
By Paul Binnerts
ISBN-10: 0472035037
ISBN-13: 9780472035038
ISBN-10: 0472117947
ISBN-13: 9780472117949
Acting in actual Time via popular Dutch director and appearing instructor Paul Binnerts describes his strategy for Real-Time Theater, which authorizes actors to actively verify how a narrative is told---they are not any longer mere autos for offering the playwright's message or the director's interpretations of the textual content. This point of involvement permits actors to deepen their seize of the cloth and enlarge their degree presence, leading to extra engaged and nuanced performances.
The strategy bargains a postmodern problem to Stanislavski and Brecht, whose theories of level realism ruled the 20th century. In delivering a brand new strategy to think of the actor's presence on level, Binnerts advocates breaking down the "fourth wall" that separates audiences and actors and has been a critical guideline of appearing theories linked to realism. In real-time theater, actors forgo makes an attempt to develop into characters and as a substitute comprehend their functionality to be storytellers who're totally current on level and will have interaction the viewers and their fellow actors directly.
Paul Binnerts analyzes the ascendance of realism because the dominant theater and performing conference and the way its tools can prevent the construction of a extra unique, imaginitive theater. His description of the options of real-time theater is illuminated via functional examples from his lengthy event within the level. The publication then deals leading edge routines that offer education within the real-time approach, together with actual workouts that aid the actor turn into actually found in functionality. Acting in genuine Time additionally encompasses a wide evaluate of the historical past of performing and realism's dating to the historical past of theater structure, supplying real-time theater instead. The publication will entice actors and appearing scholars, administrators, degree designers, gown designers, lighting fixtures designers, theater historians, and dramaturgs.
Scenic results concerning rotating turntables, monitoring level wagons, and the vertical stream of curtains and painted drops became universal in either Broadway and nearby theatre productions. The machines that force those results variety from small pneumatic cylinders pushing a great deal of a couple of kilos an inch or , to forty horsepower winches operating multi-ton surroundings at speeds 6 toes in line with moment or extra.
Did Shakespeare's unique audiences weep? both, whereas it kind of feels noticeable that they have to have laughed at performs played in early sleek theatres, do we say something approximately what their laughter gave the impression of, approximately whilst it happened, and approximately how, culturally, it used to be interpreted? relating to either one of those difficulties of viewers behaviour is that of the level illustration of giggling, and weeping, either activities played with striking frequency in early sleek drama.
Creation to construction: developing Theatre Onstage, Backstage, & Offstage defines the collaborative paintings of creating theatre and some of the task positions that move into understanding a creation. starting with an outline of the artwork and of theatre, the publication indicates how theatre has advanced via heritage.
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Finding the best car insurance for you
Every time someone writes a “best of” list about money stuff, the answer ultimately is “it depends on you.” Well, when it comes to finding the best car insurance, the answer is … the same! But, listen, that’s not a cop out. Car insurance is complicated. For starters, there are all these different coverages you can roll under one policy. And there are state-by-state minimums that mandate how much car insurance you have to have. (Yes, it’s illegal to drive in almost every state without any, the exceptions being New Hampshire and Virginia.) Beyond that, pretty much everything affects how much car insurance costs you — your age, gender, credit score, exact zip code. The list goes on and on.
But that doesn’t mean there aren’t any guidelines for you to follow. Some companies are better at car insurance than others, whether because they offer better rates, ample car insurance discount opportunities, renowned customer service or simply specialize in the area. Plus, ratings agency A.M. Best scores insurers by how financially sound they are in general. So, there are few ways to narrow down the best car insurance companies at least, even if there’s no way to definitively say who will offer you the absolute best policy. Further complicating things, some insurance companies don’t service every single state.
The Best Car Insurance Companies
You can get an idea of how the major car insurance companies stack up against one another via the chart below, which includes their 2016 J.D. Power Claims Satisfaction Rating, A.M. Best Rating and total market share.
A few methodology notes:
J.D. Power results are listed by designation. It uses four of them: among the best; better than most; about average; and the rest. It also declares an overall winner. Overall performance is calculated on a 1,000-point scale. The top five car insurance companies are as follows:
The Hartford: 891
Erie Insurance: 886
Auto-Owners Insurance: 885
American Family: 874
Nationwide: 874
A.M. Best ratings represent financial health. A++ and A+ are considered superior, while A and A- are considered excellent. There are five other designations for active companies: good (B++, B+), fair (B, B-), marginal (C++, C+), weak (C, C-) and poor (D).
How to Choose the Best Car Insurance for You
Picking a company known for good customer service, affordable rates, sound financial health and more is important. But when shopping for car insurance, you also need to consider how your drive. Standard policies are complicated enough, but there’s also non-owner’s car insurance (for people who drive frequently, but don’t have a ride of their own), gap insurance (to cover the gap between what you owe on your car and its actual value), rideshare insurance (for all those Uber and Lyft drivers out there), rental car insurance (for those cross-country drives) and more. Plus, just like with life insurance, some auto insurers might be more (or less) accommodating to different scenarios. That’s why it’s crucial to compare quotes across companies, no matter what type of policy you’re shopping for. You can learn more about doing an auto insurance quote comparision here. Meanwhile, we can help you learn more about what car insurance is best for specific situations below.
Yes, we have to include some legalese down here. Read it larger on our legal page. Policygenius Inc. (“Policygenius”) is a licensed independent insurance broker. Policygenius does not underwrite any insurance policy described on this website. The information provided on this site has been developed by Policygenius for general informational and educational purposes. We do our best efforts to ensure that this information is up-to-date and accurate. Any insurance policy premium quotes or ranges displayed are non-binding. The final insurance policy premium for any policy is determined by the underwriting insurance company following application. Savings are estimated by comparing the highest and lowest price for a shopper in a given health class. For example: for a 30-year old non-smoker male in South Carolina with excellent health and a preferred plus health class, comparing quotes for a $500,000, 20-year term life policy, the price difference between the lowest and highest quotes is 60%. For that same shopper in New York, the price difference is 40%. Rates are subject to change and are valid as of 2/17/17.
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News
European movies struggling to get on-demand despite SVOD boom
Despite strong growth in on-demand revenues, European movies are struggling to achieve VOD distribution, according to a new report by the European Audiovisual Observatory. The report noted that VOD aggregators are playing an increasingly prominent role in determining the make-up of on-demand catalogues.
Total pay on-demand revenues in the EU grew by over half between 2014 and 2015, while subscription VOD revenues grew by over 95%, according to the VOD Distribution and the Role of Aggregators report.
While subscription VOD grew significantly, electronic sell-through lagged behind, according to the report. EST saw 28% growth between 2014-15, while VOD rental grew by a more modest 12%.
Despite the growth in on-demand revenues, these still accounted for only 3% of all audiovisual industry revenues at the end of the report period. According to the study, advertising was the biggest contributor to revenue in 2015, followed by pay TV revenues and public funding, with box office and physical video sales following some way behind – but still ahead of VOD.
European movies are still struggling to make it into on-demand catalogues. According to the European Audiovisual Observatory, only 47% of European films make it to TVOD catalogues, versus 87% of US films.
EU films represent 43% of all films in TVOD catalogues when counted on a unique basis – once per title – versus 41% for US films. However, when counting each occurrence of a film in all catalogues, the results are reversed, with EU films only making up 27% of the films, versus 59% for US productions, indicating that EU films tend to circulate less than US productions.
The report also found that VOD aggregators are playing an increasingly prominent role in the distribution chain. However, it noted that aggregators face a number of challenges, requiring scale to maximise revenues in a generally low-margin business where rights-holders are keen to maximise their own share of the available take.
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Q:
Jquery Calculating sum of values from checkboxes
Sorry for my poor english !
I work on a e-shop website. For one product, i have a product price and i want to purpose 2 options by clicking checkboxes.
While one or two checkboxes are enabled, i do the sum by my jquery script without any problem and show the sum into a div called #prixtt.
But how can i hide my #prixtt if no checkbox is checked ? I don't want to display my product price ($prixactuel)!
Here is the code.
$("input:checkbox").click(function(){
var total=<?php echo $prixactuel; ?>;
$('input:checked:enabled').each(function(index) {
total += parseInt(this.value);
});
var total= total/100;
var str = ""+total;
var resultat = str.replace(".",",");
$("#prixtt").html('= '+resultat+' €');
});
Thank you very much !
A:
Try to use .toggle(switch) at this context,
$("#prixtt").toggle($('input:checked:enabled').length > 0);
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CDP-choline pathway
The CDP-choline pathway, first identified by Eugene Kennedy in 1956, is the predominant mechanism by which mammalian cells synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC) for incorporation into membranes or lipid-derived signalling molecules. The CDP-choline pathway represents one half of what is known as the Kennedy pathway. The other half is the CDP-ethanolamine pathway which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the phospholipid product phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
The CDP-choline pathway begins with the uptake of exogenous choline into the cell. The first enzymatic reaction is catalyzed by choline kinase (CK) and involves the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphocholine. Phosphocholine is then activated by the addition of CTP catalyzed by the rate-limiting enzyme, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase to form CDP-choline. The final step of the pathway involves the addition of the choline headgroup onto a diacylglycerol (DAG) backbone to form PC, catalyzed by choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase (CEPT).
Phosphatidylcholine can be acted upon by phospholipases to form different metabolites.
Choline transport
Mammalian cells are unable to synthesize choline de novo and therefore must rely on exogenous sources from the diet. The uptake of choline is accomplished predominantly by the high-affinity, sodium dependent choline transporter (CHT) and requires ATP as an energy source. On the other hand, choline may enter the cell through the activation of low-affinity, sodium-independent organic cation transport proteins (OCTs) and/or carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs), and do not require ATP. Lastly, choline may enter the cell through intermediate-affinity transporters, which include the choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1).
The fate of internalized choline depends on the cell type. In pre-synaptic neurons the majority of choline will be acetylated by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Mst other cells will phosphorylate choline by the enzyme choline kinase, the first committed step of CDP-choline pathway.
Choline kinase (CK)
Choline kinase (CK) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the following reaction:
choline + ATP ⇌ phosphocholine + ADP
In addition to the phosphorylation of choline, CK has also been shown to phosphorylate ethanolamine, a precursor to another important glycerophospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. CK functions as a dimer consisting of either α1, α2 or β subunits. Each CK isoform is ubiquitously expressed throughout tissues, however CKα is enriched in the testis and liver, whereas CKβ is enriched in the liver and the heart. Homozygous deletion of CKα is embryonic lethal after about 5 days, whereas deletion of CKβ is not.
Under normal circumstances, choline kinase is not the rate-limiting step of the CDP-choline pathway. However in rapidly dividing cells, there is increased CK expression and activity as a result of increased demand for PC synthesis.
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, is a nuclear/cytosolic enzyme and catalyzes the following reaction:
phosphocholine + CTP ⇌ CDP-choline + PPi
CCT functions as a dimer of either α and β subunits encoded by Pcyt1a and Pcyt1b, respectively. CCTα has four domains; a Nuclear localization signal (NLS), an α-helical membrane binding domain, a catalytic domain, and a phosphorylation domain. The major difference between the α and β isoforms is that CCTβ lacks the NLS resulting in a predominantly cytosolic pool of CCTβ. On the other hand, the presence of an NLS results in a predominantly nuclear pool of CCTα. CCTα shuttles between the nucleus (where it is considered inactive) to the cytoplasm where it associates with membranes and is activated in response to lipid activators or during progression through the cell cycle when PC demand is high.
CCTα is an amphitropic enzyme, meaning that it exists as either an inactive soluble form, or an active, membrane bound form. Whether or not CCTα is membrane bound is largely dictated by the relative composition of membranes. If membranes are low in PC, and relatively enriched in anionic lipids, diacylglycerol, or phosphatidylethanolamine, CCT inserts into the membrane bilayer via its membrane binding domain. This binding event relieves an autoinhibitory constraint on the catalytic domain, resulting in a decrease in the Km for phosphocholine.
Choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase (CEPT)
Choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase (CEPT), or Choline Phosphotransferase (CPT) the last enzymatic reaction in the CDP-choline pathway, catalyzes the following reaction:
CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ phosphatidylcholine + CMP
The last step in the CDP-choline pathway is catalyzed by either CPT or CEPT and are localized to the Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. CPT and CEPT are encoded by separate genes that share 60% sequence similarity. Both isoforms contain 7 transmembrane segments, and an α-helix near the catalytic domain that is required for CDP-alcohol binding.
CPT recognizes only CDP-choline, whereas CEPT recognizes both CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine. The reason for this dual specificity is not exclusively known. CEPT is largely considered to be the enzyme responsible for the bulk of PC synthesis, with CPT having an exclusive role in the Golgi, where it may control the levels of the precursor DAG, an important second messenger.
Neither CPT or CEPT are considered to be rate-limiting, but can be if DAG is restricted.
References
Category:Biosynthesis
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Q:
How is Lisp related to F#, and is learning Lisp a useful leg up to F#?
This is the situation : I mostly program C# and have written types in it I don't want to lose. At the same time I would like to learn functional programming. The obvious answer of course is F#.
But for everything apart from C# I use emacs as an editor, and I really would like to learn Lisp too. (Learn your editors/IDE's language you know, that's why I know a bit VB to write my VS-macro's in it) And it's not just emacs, Lisp is something I really want to learn.
As for F#, I could mingle it with C# without any interop problem, have a great GUI (WPF) and a lot of other .NET goodies. But it is, of course, not as mature as Lisp.
If I am realistic I know if I want to smuggle a functional language into my professional life it has to be F#. Since learning two whole languages seems a bit much, I was hoping that Lisp would be a great way to learn functional programming, and if I start out F# later, It would be very easy....
Is this true? Or are the two languages not comparable at all?
A:
Lisp is a large family of languages and implementations. Scheme for example is a Lisp dialect with probably more than one hundred implementations (about ten of them mildly popular). Common Lisp is another dialect with about ten currently maintained implementations. Scheme and Common Lisp both have written standards that implementations try to implement.
F# is both a language and implementation. From Microsoft. It was mostly derived from OCAML and belongs to the family of ML languages.
Lisp was a very early language supporting functional programming (Lisp 1.5 in the 60s). Lots of the early experiments with functional programming was done in Lisp. In the 70s in the Lisp community there was a movement to the roots of functional programming and the result was Scheme. Then especially in the 80s and 90s of the last century new functional languages appeared (ML, Miranda, FP, SML, Haskell, Clean, ...) that were/are quite different from the usual Lisp dialects. There is still some heritage, but mostly they developed in different directions (static typing, type inference, module systems, batch languages, algebraic data types, lazy evaluation, purity, and more). The Scheme community still has lots of contacts to the FP community. But that's mostly it.
There are some basic FP ideas that can be learned independent from a particular FP language, but generally F# is very different from most Lisp dialects. The other feature, that F# supports the .net ecosystem (especially since it is a Microsoft creation) is not that well supported by Lisp dialects.
I would also not expect much benefit from knowing a restricted Lisp dialect like Emacs Lisp for learning F#.
A:
I think there is only a small 'overlap' for what'd you'd learn via Common Lisp versus F#. The commonality is I think roughly
Programming with 'cons-lists' as a common fundamental data type, sometimes writing recursive (especially tail-recursive) functions rather than loops
Some basic uses of common higher-order functions (e.g. 'map' - apply a function to every value in a list)
Apart from some of that very core functional-programming stuff, I think Common Lisp and F# are about as far apart from each other as two mainstream 'functional' (non-Haskell) languages can be. Common Lisp is dynamic; F# is statically-typed. The syntactic forms are completely different. The runtimes are completely different. The libraries are very different. The object systems are completely different.
Regardless of which order you learn them, I think after learning one there will still be quite a bit more to learn in the other (modulo the small overlap I described above).
A:
F# is most comparable to the ML family of languages, such as SML and CAML. The syntax and features are different from Lisp.
But I think learning at least one functional language is really important from a computer science perspective. Being able to think that way is good.
And, I would say, learning a more purely functional language before starting F# would be a way to pick up good functional programming habits because, if you don't, your F# code might end up being more OO and less functional, because that's where you're coming from.
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Author: Yossi Mansharof
According to the Iranian media, Donald Trump is "the most dangerous person in the world." If he's elected and leads to crippling sanctions against Iran, they may heat up Israel's northern border via their long arm - Hezbollah
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For any application a user must consider a number of factors when choosing a tool material. Such factors including: cost; toughness; wear rate/hardness; ability to process a desired working surface such as a cutting edge; useful lifetime; and inertness to chemical effects with the material to be processed.
An ideal tool material is one which is both hard and tough. These two properties of materials used in wear and tear applications are often presented on two perpendicular axes. Very simply, wear is a measurement of the amount of material removed per unit of operation. Toughness is a measure of a material's resistance to crack propagation.
There is an ongoing desire to provide materials which are harder, tougher, stronger and more wear resistant. There is also an ongoing desire to provide faster, more precise and cleaner production methods which add up to cost efficiency and improved performance. It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to at least partially address some of these needs.
Diamond materials are the materials of choice for many premium performance cutting, drilling, grinding and polishing tools. Diamond materials are used in tooling solutions across a range of industries including a variety of metal, stone and woodworking industries. Examples include aerospace and automotive manufacturing, furniture production, stone quarrying, construction, mining and tunnelling, mineral processing, and the oil and gas industries.
Diamond's hardness properties make it the ultimate material in terms of wear. However, diamond's limited ability to plastically deform under stress at the tool's working temperature leads to more rapid crack propagation in comparison to much tougher materials such as steel.
Previous attempts to improve the durability of diamond have involved either adapting the method of forming the diamond material or treating the diamond material after forming the material. For example, WO 01/79583 teaches a process for improving the durability of a diamond-type tool to increase the impact strength and fracture toughness. The process involves implanting ions into the surface of a diamond-type tool. Ion implantation is a materials engineering process by which ions of a material can be implanted into another solid, thereby changing the physical properties of the solid. Under typical circumstances ions are implanted to a depth in the range 10 nanometers to 1 micrometer. WO 01/79583 teaches ion implantation which penetrates a diamond surface to a depth in the range 0.02 μm to 0.2 μm. Preferred ions include chromium, nickel, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium and yttrium.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,184,079 and GB 1588445 also teach a method for toughening diamond by bombarding the diamond with ions of sufficient energy to penetrate the diamond surface. Various ions are suggested including carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen ions. It is described that the ions form a dislocation network in the diamond crystal lattice thereby inhibiting microcleavage of the diamond. It is further described that the dislocations can be confined to a depth of from 10 nanometers to 1 micrometer below the surface of the diamond crystals in order to form a hard skin on the surface thereof. It is taught that the dose of ions should be quite small, in the range 1016 to 1018 ions cm−2, and have energies in the range 10 keV to 10 MeV, more preferably less than 100 keV so that the species implanted by the bombardment do not have a detrimental effect on the diamond material. As ion bombardment of diamond results in the amorphisation and softening of the surface unless the temperature is held sufficiently high to maintain the crystal structure, it is taught to use a temperature of at least 500° C. during ion bombardment.
GB 1588418 discloses a process for improving the wear characteristics of industrial diamonds. The process comprises implanting ions into the surface of the diamond. Carbon and nitrogen ions are suggested for this purpose.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,012,300 discloses a method of altering the friability of abrasive particles, particularly diamond and cubic boron nitride particles, by subjecting the particles to irradiation. Proton, neutrons and gamma radiation are suggested with neutrons being preferred.
US2006065187 discloses a tough CVD diamond material which is grown in an atmosphere having a nitrogen to methane ratio of about 4% N2/CH4 at about 1050° C.-1200° C. and then annealed.
US2009110626 teaches that nitrogen containing single crystal CVD diamonds treated by a low pressure, high temperature annealing process have a high toughness.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to improve the toughness and/or wear resistance of diamond tools. It is a further aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to avoid some of the problems associated with the aforementioned methods.
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CLEVELAND (AP) -- LeBron James scored 25 points as the Miami Heat overcame a 27-point deficit in the third quarter and won their 24th straight game, 98-95 over the short-handed Cleveland Cavaliers on Thursday to extend the second-longest winning streak in NBA history.
The Heat are within nine games of matching the record of 33 consecutive wins held by the 1971-72 Los Angeles Lakers.
James and his teammates have insisted the record isn't one of their goals, and for more than 30 minutes the defending champions seemed disinterested and on the verge of losing for the first time since Feb. 1. Miami trailed 67-40 with 7:44 left in the third quarter.
But behind the irrepressible James, who added 12 rebounds and 10 assists, the Heat inched closer to history by matching the biggest comeback in the NBA this season, according to STATS.
Although the Cavs were missing All-Star guard Kyrie Irving, Dion Waiters and Anderson Varejao - their top three scorers - they pushed Miami to the limit.
It wasn't until James, playing his fourth game back in Cleveland since leaving as a free agent in 2010, made two free throws with 4.7 seconds left that Miami could relax a little. The Cavs had one last chance to tie it, but C.J. Miles was long with a 3-pointer in the final second, letting Miami off the hook.
Following the game, James stopped to sign a few autographs as he made his way to Miami's locker room. This was much tougher than he and the Heat could have imagined.
Mario Chalmers added 17 points and Dwyane Wade had 11 for the Heat, who outscored the Cavs 30-18 in the fourth quarter and 64-40 in the second half.
Wayne Ellington had 20 points and Tristan Thompson 18 for Cleveland, which went from a stunning upset to blowing the biggest lead in a loss in franchise history.
Down by nine to open the fourth, the Heat were up 95-86 with 3:02 left and seemed to have the Cavaliers on the ropes.
But Cleveland bounced back and closed to 96-95 on Thompson's two free throws with 44 seconds to go. Wade then missed a jumper, but Ellington misfired on a step-back 23-footer with 5.2 seconds to go.
James was fouled and the reigning MVP, with a sellout crowd of 20,562 roaring, stepped to the line and dropped both free throws to make it 98-95.
Miles was contested on his final shot, and once it clanked off the rim, the Heat headed home with a chance to extend their streak to 25 on Friday against Detroit.
This game had a little of everything, including a fan running on the floor in the fourth quarter. The young man was wearing a T-shirt that said: ''We Miss You, 2014 Come Back,'' a reference to James' possible free agency and return to Cleveland, where he played seven seasons.
James patted the fan on the head as security rushed him off the floor.
The start of the game was delayed 35 minutes because of a spill on the floor caused by condensation from a carbon dioxide container inside the scoreboard.
James scored eight straight points to open the fourth, hitting a 3-pointer to tie it 77-all. He then turned toward the crowd and delivered an icy stare, his way of saying, 'OK, enough is enough.'
The Heat had to work extra hard for this one, but they may look back on the comeback as a defining moment.
Trailing by 27 - matching their biggest deficit this season - in the third quarter, the Heat were in major danger of getting blown out.
But Miami rallied and outscored Cleveland 28-10 in a 7-minute stretch to pull to 74-68 on Ray Allen's 3-pointer from the left wing. With Cavaliers fans holding their breath and swallowing hard, Daniel Gibson drilled a 3 just before the horn to put the Cavs up 77-68 heading to the fourth.
The Cavs led by 21 at halftime, a stunning development for a team that had to sign a journeyman guard earlier in the day just to have some depth.
Cleveland reeled off a 19-0 run and outscored Miami 23-3 over final 6:45 of the first half. As they walked to the locker room at halftime, the Heat had to be wondering what was happening and any thoughts they may have had of matching the Lakers' record were vaporizing quickly.
Downstairs, Cavs owner Dan Gilbert joked that he didn't know what was happening.
''I was out, what's the score?'' he cracked.
James wasn't sure what kind of reaction he would get from Cleveland's fans. However, he was confident it would be nothing like his first visit here after he signed with the Heat in 2010.
''It can't get no worse than Year One, Dec. 2, 2010,'' he said, referring to the night Quicken Loans Arena was transformed into a cauldron of hate - directed at him. ''It can't get no worse than that, so I'll be all right.''
James has moved on and he believes Cleveland fans aren't nearly as mad at him as they once were.
Even Gilbert seems to have softened. Gilbert, who sent his infamous letter to Cavs fans ripping James on the night he announced he was signing with the Heat, went to his Twitter account to offer something of an olive branch to his former employee.
''Cleveland Cavaliers young talent makes our future very bright,'' Gilbert tweeted. ''Clearly, LeBron's is as well. Time for everyone to focus on the road ahead.''
James was standing at midcourt awaiting the opening tip when arena workers first noticed a pool of liquid on the floor. As ball boys tried to mop it up, the officials sent both teams to their locker rooms and the giant, fire-breathing, fog-spewing scoreboard was lowered to the floor so the problem could be fixed.
The team returned and warmed up for five minutes before the game got underway.
Once it began, the Cavs came out energized. Cleveland opened a 24-16 lead and was outhustling Miami's players, who swore they wouldn't overlook a banged-up Cleveland squad.
NOTES: The Cavs are going to wait a week before they evaluate Waiters, who has loose cartilage, and decide whether he needs surgery. Cleveland coach Byron Scott hopes his young guard comes back in the final month. ''If he gets back, I'll be thrilled to death,'' Scott said. ... Miami's three wins over Cleveland this season have been by a total of nine points.
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For decades Burma’s ruling military junta has governed through terror, determined to meet dissent with intimidation, detention and murder. It is because of the military’s particular cruelty that the story of the Buddhist monks of Burma is so compelling.
The last time the Burmese people stood up to their vicious government, thousands were killed. Perhaps remembering this tragedy, the monks of Burma asked others not to join them when they began marching and praying in protest.
But the momentum of their movement could not be denied, and as the number of marching monks exploded from dozens to thousands in a matter of days, Buddhist nuns joined in, quickly followed by thousands of other Burmese who had come to watch.
The military was slow to react at first but, true to its nature, has now returned to violence as a means of putting down peaceful dissent.
We may never know the true number of murdered civilians, or the fate of many monks and others who have been abducted. We do know that, despite arrests, tear gas, the closing of monasteries and flying bullets, the protest continues, at least for now.
We salute the courage of the monks of Burma, who, knowing all too well the cost, defied their brutal government to lead this saffron revolution.
Related links: The BBC has a Burma protest primer, an analysis of whether the protest will succeed and a protest gallery. Human Rights Watch has the latest on Burma from a humanitarian perspective. The CIA World Factbook is a good place to go for statistics and basic information.
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Supports the Metabolic Requirements of Cell Growth in TCRβ-Selected Thymocytes and Peripheral CD4+ T Cells.
During T cell development, progenitor thymocytes undergo a large proliferative burst immediately following successful TCRβ rearrangement, and defects in genes that regulate this proliferation have a profound effect on thymus cellularity and output. Although the signaling pathways that initiate cell cycling and nutrient uptake after TCRβ selection are understood, less is known about the transcriptional programs that regulate the metabolic machinery to promote biomass accumulation during this process. In this article, we report that mice with whole body deficiency in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδmut) exhibit a reduction in spleen and thymus cellularity, with a decrease in thymocyte cell number starting at the double-negative 4 stage of thymocyte development. Although in vivo DNA synthesis was normal in PPARδmut thymocytes, studies in the OP9-delta-like 4 in vitro system of differentiation revealed that PPARδmut double-negative 3 cells underwent fewer cell divisions. Naive CD4+ T cells from PPARδmut mice also exhibited reduced proliferation upon TCR and CD28 stimulation in vitro. Growth defects in PPAR-δ-deficient thymocytes and peripheral CD4+ T cells correlated with decreases in extracellular acidification rate, mitochondrial reserve, and expression of a host of genes involved in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipogenesis. By contrast, mice with T cell-restricted deficiency of Ppard starting at the double-positive stage of thymocyte development, although exhibiting defective CD4+ T cell growth, possessed a normal T cell compartment, pointing to developmental defects as a cause of peripheral T cell lymphopenia in PPARδmut mice. These findings implicate PPAR-δ as a regulator of the metabolic program during thymocyte and T cell growth.
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The most common response is something along the lines of, "I want as much as I can get," or, "I want more than I have now." Then there's, "I want more than my brother/neighbor/boss/father/_____ (fill in the blank) has." Among guys, the most popular answer is, "I want more than my ex-wife has or will ever have!"
The problem with all the typical answers is that they're really non-answers. They can't be quantified or measured, and therefore can't ever be truly achieved. When it comes to a fundamental question in life—"What is enough for you?"—most people apparently don't have answers. All they know is that they always want more, more money and more stuff.
Obviously, everyone's answer to the question is different. But when you answer it for yourself, you slay your "Enoughasaurus." You've decided what "enough" is for you, and now you can plan your life and your finances around achieving your goal. It's no longer about just getting more, it's about getting enough.
Of course, you might even find that you already have enough. That's the conclusion my wife and I came to when, after only a few years of marriage, we asked ourselves, "What's enough?"
Don't get me wrong: We weren't rich then and we're not today. At the time, we were both working at modestly paid jobs in the nonprofit sector. What we realized back then was that for us, the lifestyle we were leading at that time was entirely satisfying and comfortable. We didn't want more.
That important soul-searching exercise allowed us to establish what we call a "permanent standard of living"—a lifestyle and level of spending that we continue to live with, happily, nearly 25 years later.
During the past quarter century, we've also watched as many of our peers continued to allow their lifestyles and spending to escalate to meet (and often exceed) their growing incomes.
Like most people, as we advanced in our careers, our incomes, thank the powers-that-be, grew, too. But because we slew our Enoughasauri years ago, our lifestyle has remained more or less constant. We gradually began living further and further below our means.
Living within your means is only common sense, even though it's estimated that roughly 40 percent of American households currently spend more than they earn. Once you establish a permanent standard of living at a comfortable but sustainable level, you can be on your way to true financial freedom.
By saving and investing the difference between our growing incomes and the cost of our fixed lifestyle, we were able to pay off our mortgage in 15 instead of 30 years and to essentially retire while we were still in our late 40s. This all happened without our feeling a sense of sacrifice, since we continued to live at the same comfortable-but-not-excessive level we had committed to years ago.
Enough really is enough. And deciding what "enough" is for you is the first step.
Jeff Yeager is the author of the book, "The Ultimate Cheapskate's Road Map to True Riches." His Web site is www.UltimateCheapskate.com.
In the next 24 hours, you will receive an email to confirm your subscription to receive emails
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receive communications related to AARP volunteering. In the meantime, please feel free
to search for ways to make a difference in your community at
www.aarp.org/volunteer
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fitflops uk size 2 quotes
The price and quality are competitive at the fitflops uk size 2 quotes market in - American Museum Of Beat Art . Various concessions are also available with your more and more purchase. Let\'s go shopping now!
12/09/2016 13:50 pm ET
Tim Wimborne / Reuters
These Terms of Service, Our Privacy Policy, Our Community Guidelines, any claim or controversy and all other use of the Site shall be construed and governed by, the laws of the Republic of Seychelles, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws. ) November 21, 2014 The new generation Volkswagen Golf MK8 0 Every time a new Golf is released there is always a big buzz in the automotive industry. I have always been a huge fan of Tim Walker's work, it's so out of this world and taps into your inner child which I love.
Sign up to Mother&Baby today and get news and advice about your body and your baby straight to your inbox every week. Velcro?? A large range of Velcro?? branded products including Rolls, Straps, Circles, Stick OnTape and Ties. com so I thought it was safe to change the settings (that I never accepted in the first place) to not accept any email communication.
Our products are loved and trusted by leading institutions like the Open University and on campuses worldwide. Something pretty BIG has happened in modern doggy world, so big in fact, it's dragged us out of our blogging coma. Today you will get to see this superb woman as she goes down on one of her student's big cock as she gets her way with him.
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The economics of new drugs: can we afford to make progress in a common disease?
The concept of personalized medicine is beginning to come to fruition, but the cost of drug development is untenable today. To identify new initiatives that would support a more sustainable business model, the economics of drug development are analyzed, including the cost of drug development, cost of capital, target market size, returns to innovators at the product and firm levels, and, finally, product pricing. We argue that a quick fix is not available. Instead, a rethinking of the entire pharmaceutical development process is needed from the way that clinical trials are conducted, to the role of biomarkers in segmenting markets, to the use of grant support, and conditional approval to decrease the cost of capital. In aggregate, the opportunities abound.
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Q:
How to set DataGridTextColumn text color?
I'm trying to change the color of a DataGridTextColumn.
Here's what I'm doing:
<DataGridTextColumn
Header="Status"
Binding="{Binding IsActive,
Converter= {StaticResource BoolToStatusConverter}}"
Foreground="{Binding Path=IsActive,
Converter={StaticResource BoolToColorConverter}}"/>
Text is set properly, but the color won't change, and I'm getting following error:
System.Windows.Data Error: 2 : Cannot find governing FrameworkElement or
FrameworkContentElement for target element. BindingExpression:Path=IsActive;
DataItem=null; target element is 'DataGridTextColumn' (HashCode=40349079); target
property is 'Foreground' (type 'Brush')
What should I do for this to work?
A:
You need to specify a Style with a DataTrigger for the column's CellStyle. e.g.
<Page.Resources>
<Style TargetType="DataGridCell" x:Key="ActiveCellStyle">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsActive}" Value="{x:Null}">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Green"/>
</DataTrigger>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsActive}" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/>
</DataTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
<Converters:BoolToTextConverter
x:Key="BoolToStatusConverter"
TargetCondition="True"
IsMatchValue="It's active"
IsNotMatchValue="It's dead" />
</Page.Resources>
<Grid>
<DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Items}" AutoGenerateColumns="False">
<DataGrid.Columns>
<DataGridTextColumn
Header="Status"
Binding="{Binding IsActive,
Converter={StaticResource BoolToStatusConverter}}"
CellStyle="{StaticResource ActiveCellStyle}"/>
</DataGrid.Columns>
</DataGrid>
</Grid>
A:
While not technically a DataGridTextColumn, this is what I usually do:
<DataGridTemplateColumn Header="Status" SortMemberPath="Status">
<DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Status}" Foreground="{Binding Status, Converter={StaticResource StatusToSolidColor}}" />
</DataTemplate>
</DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
</DataGridTemplateColumn>
I get the datacontext that I want, and I can resuse converters that I may already have in place in the rest of the application. Futhermore, I don't have to hard code / maintain an extra set of styles and data triggers to get the desired effect.
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Staurosporine-induced G(1) arrest in cancer cells depends on an intact pRB but is independent of p16 status.
Staurosporine and its derivative 7-hydroxystaurosporine are protein kinase inhibitors that are being considered for treatments of cancers. Several recent studies have shown that cells with defective pRB protein are resistant to the G(1) cell cycle-inhibiting effects of staurosporine compounds. In this study, we examined the effect of staurosporine on two breast cancer-derived and three lung cancer-derived cell lines characterized by deficiencies in the p16 tumor suppressor. All of these p16-deficient cell lines are highly sensitive to staurosporine-induced inhibition of pRB phosphorylation and induction of arrest in G(1). This response is similar to that seen in cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells and normal mammary epithelial cells, but strikingly different than the staurosporine resistance seen in cancer cells with defective pRB. Interestingly, inhibition of pRB phosphorylation could be seen within 4 h of treatment, suggesting that this inhibition is a consequence of direct effects of staurosporine on protein kinase(s) rather than a result of induction of other cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Our findings suggest that different types of cancer cells have vastly different responses to the staurosporine class of agents, and that evaluation of pRB and p16 will help predict the response of the cancer cells to these agents.
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The Government has been urged to end the direct provision of hostel accommodation for asylum seekers because the system is having a detrimental effect on the mental health of adults and children.
Noma Maye, a former asylum seeker, told a rally in Cork yesterday to mark World Anti-Racism Day that asylum seekers living in direct provision often suffer from depression as they are often living in cramped conditions with little control over their lives and children inevitably suffer in confined situations.
“If the State cares so much for children, why are they allowed live in such inappropriate conditions - no one is illegal in any country - this is a free world especially for children and children have a right to grow up in a normal environment,” said Ms Maye, to loud applause.
The rally which was organised by a number of groups and attended by around 100 people who marched through Cork city centre also heard from Muslim, Ali Hamou who urged people not to look beyond the stereotyping of Muslims by many in the media and politics.
“Know me before you judge me - come and talk to me at the Cork Islamic Cultural Centre - I was treated really well in this society since I came to Ireland 13 years ago and I know Irish people are really good but the media and some other parties are vilifying us,” he said.
“My message to every Irishman and woman here in Cork or anywhere - come talk to us, come and have a cup of tea with me and you’ll find that I am just like you - people should not generalise about Muslims - no more than they should generalise about any group.”
Brigid Quilligan of the Irish Traveller Movement said everyone, whether Travellers, Roma, asylum seekers or members of the Islamic faith, were entitled to the same basic human rights.
She condemned what she said was “State racism” towards Travellers. She instanced the recent rounding-up of horses in Cork by the local authorities and gardaí as an attack on Traveller culture and she urged people to ask candidates in the forthcoming local and European elections to outline their position on Travellers’s rights issues.
ends
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Q:
Dealing with tensor products in an exponent
I am looking at the following problem and I am struggling to follow the steps involved. Consider the non-interacting Hamiltonian $$H_{AB}=H_A\otimes I_B+I_A\otimes H_B$$
So I'm trying to prove that the unitary evolution of the joint state is given by
$$|\psi\left(t\right)\rangle_{AB}=e^{-iH_At}\otimes e^{-iH_Bt}|\psi\left(t=0\right)\rangle_{AB}$$
Where $|\psi\rangle_{AB}=|\psi\rangle_A \otimes |\psi\rangle_B$
My working so far is
$$|\psi\left(t\right)\rangle_{AB}=e^{-i\left(H_A\otimes I_B+I_A\otimes H_B\right)t}|\psi\left(t=0\right)\rangle_{AB}$$
$$=e^{-i\left(H_A\otimes I_B\right)t}e^{-i\left(I_A\otimes H_B\right)t}|\psi\left(t=0\right)\rangle_{AB}$$
As the two Hamiltonians for the two system commute, so from here I am a little confused, I know the next step must be
$$=\left(e^{-iH_A t}\otimes I_B\right)\left(I_A\otimes e^{-iH_B t} \right)|\psi\left(t=0\right)\rangle_{AB}$$
But this isn't at all obvious to me why this is the case? I'm also not sure if this is off topic here and would be better suited to maths stack exchange so I apologise in advance.
Throughout I have set $\hbar=1$.
At this point I think I should probably use the definition of the matrix exponential as a Taylor series but I'm not sure.
A:
It really is obvious if you understand how tensor products work. Essentially, your state has two indices instead of one, and a tensor product of operators means that the first operator acts on the first index, and the second operator acts on the second. The operator that act on the "other" index just goes along for the ride. If it helps, you can write the exponential as a Taylor series. Then you will end up with lots of powers of $I$, which you can just collapse down using $I^2 = I$.
For the sake of completeness,
$$
\left(U_A \otimes U_B\right) \; \left|\psi\right\rangle_A \otimes \left|\psi\right\rangle_B \equiv \left(U_A \left|\Psi\right\rangle_A \right) \otimes \left(U_B \left|\Psi\right\rangle_B \right)
$$
Thus
$$
\begin{align}
\left(U_A \otimes U_B\right)^2 \; \left|\psi\right\rangle_A \otimes \left|\psi\right\rangle_B &\equiv \left(U_A \otimes U_B\right) \left(U_A \otimes U_B\right) \; \left|\psi\right\rangle_A \otimes \left|\psi\right\rangle_B\\
&= \left(U_A \otimes U_B\right)\;\left(U_A \left|\Psi\right\rangle_A \right) \otimes \left(U_B \left|\Psi\right\rangle_B \right) \\
&= \left(U_A^2 \left|\Psi\right\rangle_A \right) \otimes \left(U_B^2 \left|\Psi\right\rangle_B \right) .\\
\end{align}
$$
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sábado, 24 de octubre de 2015
For the Church to conclude the Synod means to return to our true ‘journeying together’ in bringing to every part of the world the light of the Gospel
Pope Francis: Synod Was About Affirming Family, Indissoluble Marriage
'It was about showing the vitality of the Catholic Church,' he said, 'which is not afraid to stir dulled consciences or to soil her hands with lively and frank discussions about the family.'
At the conclusion of the 2015 Synod on the Family, Pope Francis emphasized that the gathering had been about recognizing that society is founded on the family and marriage as the permanent union of one man and one woman.
The synod, the Holy Father said in his closing message, “was about urging everyone to appreciate the importance of the institution of the family and of marriage between a man and a woman, based on unity and indissolubility, and valuing it as the fundamental basis of society and human life.”
This year's Synod on the Family, which runs through Oct. 25, is the second and larger of two such gatherings to take place in the course of a year. Like its 2014 precursor, the focus of the 2015 Synod of Bishops is the family, this time with the theme: “The vocation and mission of the family in the Church and the modern world.”
The Pope explained that the gathering “was not about finding exhaustive solutions for all the difficulties and uncertainties which challenge and threaten the family, but rather about seeing these difficulties and uncertainties in the light of the Faith, carefully studying them and confronting them fearlessly, without burying our heads in the sand.”
Rather, he said, it was about listening to the voices of families and pastors, and seeing reality through God’s eyes to offer hope and encouragement in a world of growing crisis and pessimism.
Throughout the synod, Pope Francis said, the expression of differing opinions allowed for “rich and lively dialogue” and “offered a vivid image of a Church which does not simply ‘rubberstamp,’ but draws from the sources of her faith living waters to refresh parched hearts.”
“It was about showing the vitality of the Catholic Church, which is not afraid to stir dulled consciences or to soil her hands with lively and frank discussions about the family.”
The Church’s duty is to proclaim God’s mercy and love, calling call men to conversion and salvation, the Holy Father said.
However, this does not detract from the importance of formula, laws and divine commandments, he said.
“Indeed, it means upholding all the more the laws and commandments which were made for man and not vice versa.”
Pope Francis also referenced the 1985 Synod, speaking of the need for an “inculturation” that transforms cultural values by integrating them in Christianity. Such inculturation, he said, “does not weaken true values, but demonstrates their true strength and authenticity, since they adapt without changing; indeed they quietly and gradually transform the different cultures.”
In addition, the pontiff noted “dogmatic questions clearly defined by the Church’s Magisterium” and spoke of the importance of “defending the family from all ideological and individualistic assaults.”
Concluding, he quoted the words of St. John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI in emphasizing the role of mercy in the Church.
“In effect, for the Church to conclude the Synod means to return to our true ‘journeying together’ in bringing to every part of the world, to every diocese, to every community and every situation, the light of the Gospel, the embrace of the Church and the support of God’s mercy!”
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Grants
Transfer Advocate Gateway
The Transfer Advocate Gateway Program offers participants with academic support and
personal attention and TAG students will have the opportunity to sharpen their academic
skills, develop a support network of students, faculty and staff, and become an OWL
by getting familiar with KSU and its resources.
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Wednesday, October 21, 2015
Guy Tries to Assault a Woman, She Promptly Bites Off His Tongue and Escapes
Source: The victim of an attempted sexual assault escaped after she bit off her attacker's tongue, and South Carolina police caught the alleged assailant when his mom called police to report that her son’s tongue was gone.
North Charleston cops arrested the teenage suspect, who has not been publicly identified, at a Waffle House on Oct. 16 after his mother placed a call for help because her son’s tongue was bitten off, WREG reported. Cops quickly connected the man to an assault that had been perpetrated earlier.
During that incident, a 33-year-old North Charleston woman told police she opened her front door at 6:30 a.m. to find a man holding a knife, according toWCBD. The suspect allegedly forced his way inside, tackled the woman, punched her and took her into a bedroom. As he began to assault her, the woman kicked the suspect in the groin, according to the police report reviewed by WCSC, at which point the man responded, “Now you have to die.”
When he subsequently forced his tongue into her mouth, the woman “bit his tongue as hard as she could until she heard it snap.”
She was able to flee and call for help. Cops found the woman with a visible bruise and swelling around her right eye and scratches under her left knee and on top of her left foot, WCSC reported.
The suspect’s tongue was located at the crime scene, along with a knife allegedly used in the attack.
Love the poise and awareness of this chick. That's some scary shit, and she was able to just bite the dude's tongue off. Pretty incredible. That's not easy to do.
I read another source that said the attacker is only 16 years old which is pretty messed up. I don't get how a 16 year old can just be going through his daily life and then just decide he's gonna try to attack some random lady. Also, the mom called in that his son's tongue was missing. I'd love to hear that conversation. "Hey honey, how was scho--oh my god where's your tongue?!" "Uhhh, some lady bit it off when I tried to rape her." Real tough.
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Q:
IOS image capture and save to UIImageView
I am trying to capture an image and save it in the imageview. Below is the code.
- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker
didFinishPickingImage:(UIImage *)image
editingInfo:(NSDictionary *)editingInfo
{
NSLog(@"Hello");
[picker dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES];
[_Image setImage:image];
}
- (IBAction)Capture:(UIButton *)sender {
UIImagePickerController *cameraUI = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
cameraUI.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
[self presentViewController: cameraUI animated: YES completion:nil];
}
The problem is imagepickercontroller is not called at all!! My .h declaration is
@interface AikyaViewController : UIViewController <UINavigationControllerDelegate, UIImagePickerControllerDelegate>
I can get the camera to capture the image, but the image is not saving in my imageview. Infact it is not entering that function itself since its not NSlogging.
Should i have to link anything in the storyboard or any delegates initialisation am i missing?? Plz guide the same.
A:
imagePickerController:didFinishPickingImage:editingInfo: is deprecated
change that method with:
-(void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info {
NSLog(@"done");
[picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:Nil];
[image setImage:[info objectForKey:@"UIImagePickerControllerEditedImage"]];
}
and try to change:
- (IBAction)Capture:(UIButton *)sender {
UIImagePickerController *cameraUI = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
[cameraUI setDelegate:self];
[cameraUI setAllowsEditing:YES];
cameraUI.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
[self presentViewController: cameraUI animated: YES completion:nil];
}
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Basu Bhattacharya
Basu Bhattacharya (1934–1997) was a Hindi film director, most famous for his 1966 film Teesri Kasam, starring Raj Kapoor and Waheeda Rehman (based on the short story "Maare Gaye Gulfam" by Phanishwar Nath 'Renu'), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 1967. The most popular and critically acclaimed film which he directed remains Avishkaar, starring Rajesh Khanna and Sharmila Tagore, which received five stars in the Bollywood Guide Collections and Rajesh Khanna received Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1975.
In 1979, he produced Sparsh, which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi and the film also won the Filmfare Best Movie Award. He served as president of the Indian Film Directors' Association from 1976 to 1979. In 1981 he was a member of the jury at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. None of his works were successful after 1983.
He started his career in 1958 by assisting Bimal Roy in films like Madhumati and Sujata and later married Bimal Roy's daughter, Rinki Bhattacharya, much to Bimal Roy's disapproval. This created a rift between him and his mentor. The couple had a son, the director Aditya Bhattacharya, and two daughters: Chimmu and Anwesha Arya, a writer. Later after much domestic abuse, his wife Rinki moved out in 1983, and the couple formally divorced in 1990. Rinki went on to edit an anthology on domestic violence in India, titled, Behind Closed Doors – Domestic Violence in India and became a successful writer, columnist and documentary filmmaker.
Filmography
As director
Uski Kahani (1966)
Teesri Kasam (1966) - Won National Film Award for Best Feature Film
Anubhav (1971)
Avishkaar (1973)
Daku (1975)
Tumhara Kalloo (1975)
Sangat (1976)
Known Yet Not Known (1977)
Madhu Malti (1978)
Griha Pravesh (1979)
Madhuman (1981)
Horký podzim s vuní manga (1984)
Anveshan (1985) (TV)
Solar Energy (1986)
Science India (1986)
Panchavati (1986)
Ek Saas Zindagi (1991)
Aastha: In the Prison of Spring (1997).
Critical Appreciation
Avishkaar was featured in Avijit Ghosh's book, 40 Retakes: Bollywood Classics You May Missed
References
External links
Category:Film directors from Kolkata
Category:Indian male screenwriters
Category:Hindi-language film directors
Category:Filmfare Awards winners
Category:1934 births
Category:1997 deaths
Category:University of Calcutta alumni
Category:20th-century Indian film directors
Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award
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This site portrays the most hot and cool happenings in sports.Even the latest cool happenings in and around the world are depicted here.All about entertainment,tips,music,sports,cricket,cinema...lets rock on pals.
Saturday, June 26, 2010
Indian cricket team selectors have selected the 16 men squad for the next month Srilanka tour for the test match. Yuvraj Singh have been included in the 16 men squad, thanks for the selectors. Yuvaraj Singh was dropped from the team squad of Asia Cup because of his poor performance shown in Caribbean land and in Twenty20 World Cup.
Ace batsmen Rahul Dravid also comes back after he missed the test series against South Africa. As usual Sachin will be back in his position and VVS laxman on his way back to test match. Wicketkeeper-batsman Wriddhiman Saha have been included in the team at the expense of Dinesh Karthik.
Zaheer Khan, Ishant Sharma, Sreesanth will handle the area of pace bowling while spin will be handled by Harbhajan Singh, Pragyan Ojha and Amit Mishra.
The first test will be played in Galle from July 18. The second and third tests will be played from July 26-30 and Aug. 3-7 in the Sri Lankan capital, Colombo.
Uruguay advances to quarter finals in FIFA 2010 World Cup after beating South Korea by 2-1 goal difference. This victory for Uruguay takes its country to quarter finals after the long period of 40 years.
The key player of Uruguay Ajax striker Suarez scored his first goal in the 8th minute of the match. Then after completing the first half, in the second half that is at the 68th minute, Lee Chung-yong of South Korea scored a fantastic head goal and bring back their hopes for this crucial Knock-out match.
Till then, South Korea's ball possession was fantastic but after leveling the score, Uruguay started to take the ball possession immediately and they have did it at the 80th minute. Yes, Uruguay haven taken the corner advantage though they have not scored by this corner, Suarez takes the advantage again and strike the ball towards the goal post.
This goal brings down the hopes of South Korea though they have made best struggling on the field after the 2nd goal of Uruguay. Uruguay after their struggling 40 years, they have reached the Quarter finals by defeating at the Knock-Out match. The match was held at Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium.
Friday, June 25, 2010
FIFA World Cup hve started their joueney right from the year 1930. The first edition of FIFA world Cup held at Uruguay. To be surprise, the host country won the first Ever World Cup.
FIFA World Cup winners and their Opponents with goals they had scored are as follows:
1930Place: UruguayUruguay beat Argentina by 4-2.Uruguay won the Cup and they had marked their victory to celebrate their 100th year of Independence day.
1934Place:ItalyItaly beat Czechoslovakia by 2-1.In this FIFA cup, then Defending Champions Uruguay refused to participate in order to take revenge on Italy's absence in the first World Cup.
1938Place:FranceItaly beat Hungary by 4-2.Italy once again proved themselves as Champions. That time, dictator Mussolini's message was mistranslated as "Win o die" but the original message was "give it your all, guys".
1950Place: BrazilUruguay beat Brazil by 2-1.
1954Place: SwitzerlandGermany FR beat Hungary by 3-2.This final was termed as Miracle of Berne when Germany defeated then strong Hungary team. Till then, Hungary had an unbeaten record of 31 matches victory but it was put to an end by the Germany.
1958Place: SwedenBrazil beat Sweden by 5-2.Brazil marked their first World Cup win against Sweden. Pele showed his brillant performace on the field. His first goal in the final match was selected as one of the best goals in the History of World Cup by FIFA.
1962Place: ChileBrazil beat Czechoslovakia y 3-1.
1966Place: EnglandEngland beat Germany FR by 4-2.England won the match when the final clash went to extra time after their scores got level at 2-2.
1970Place: MexicoBrazil beat Italy by 4-1.Brazil won the cup for the third time.
1974Place: GermanyGermany FR beat Netherlands by 2-1.New FIFA world Cup trophy went to the Germans.
1978Place: ArgentinaArgentina beat Netherlands by 3-1.Netherlands got defeated in their second consecutive final.
1982Place: SpainItaly beat Germany FR by 3-1.Italy equalled Brazil's record of winning the cup three times.
1986Place: MexicoArgentina beat Germany FR by 3-2.
1990Place: ItalyGermany beat Argentina by 1-0.This edition of FIFA world Cup set the lowest goal per game average.
1994Place: USABrazil beat Italy by 3-2(Penalty Shoot-out). The match was draw by 0-0.
1998Place: FranceFrance beat Brazil by 3-0.
2002Place: South Korea/JapanBrazil beat Germany by 2-0.Brazil won the cup which take them to a record fifth title.
Fun can be achieved in many ways. Watching Cinema with family, going to the restaurant, moving to vacation, etc are some ways we can enjoy a lot and lead a happy life. Among these, I would like to give priority to vacation. This is because vacation involves all sorts of enjoyments and fun for the entire period of the vacation. All sorts of entertainment like theme parks, Cinema, Hotels, restaurants, etc can be enjoyed in such vacation.
While choosing vacation, we should be alert in selecting vacation packages available. There can be many vacation packages but selecting right packages needs some analysis. The place of vacation should be like it has everything to enjoy. I prefer Orlando would be the right choice for the right kind of vacation.
Orlando is such a beautiful place that everyone will enjoy the spot. But going for the Orlando, we need to select a good vacation packages available. Choosing appropriate vacation packages will bring more happiness to us. The Orlando Vacation Packages are available in the site packages.orlandovacation.com. This site offers fantastic packages for vacation. They offer different vacation packages in which Disney World Packages is one such great packages available. This site provides plenty many offers on this Disney World Packages. This site shows more interest on customers and so they provide packages in order to save the money.
Vacation packages to Walt Disney World is one such package that we can get wonderful and fantastic experience of our vacation. They provide online booking facility which eases customers to order a packages through online itself i.e by sitting in the home. They provide tips and ideas which would make our trip awesome. This site provides more reliability in packages and provides beast deal to the customers. Disney Vacation Packages or Orlando Vacation Packages inlcude understanding theme park tickets, choosing right Orlando hotel, booking policy, etc.
Disney World Packages are certainly the way to go when booking your Orlando Vacation. If you are looking for more information on how to book the best vacation packages to Orlando, just visit http://www.orlandovacation.com. Enjoy to the core by having such wonderful vacation.
Thursday, June 24, 2010
Radisson Blu Hotels & Resorts, part of the Rezidor Hotel Group has introduced the the greatest holiday in the world competition. This competition has a prize of 365 hotel nights for the winner in any of the Radisson Blu hotel which is present across the world. The winner can take part in this festival with his/her partner, friends, families, colleagues or others. This offer is valid upto 2015. This is Rezidor's first campaign which uses this type of multimedia marketing.
Viewers can comment on www.greatestholiday.radissonblu.com on their own and they can win the prize. Candidates can add in videos, photos, and links to support their entry. They can even use social networking sites like facebook etc to encourage their friends to cast their vote. The candidate with the most votes will be named the winner when the competition ends on 24 July 2010.
The Radisson Blu “The Greatest Holiday in the World” competition is being promoted through a range of media including a bespoken microsite (http://www.greatestholiday.radissonblu.com), a YouTube video, the Radisson Blu website, print campaigns, outdoor advertisements at airports at major European cities, online display and social media through blogs, forums, Facebook and Twitter; hotel POS materials including in-room TV ads and eNewsletters to the leisure database throughout June and July.
Further details can be obtained from this site. Additional information like Terms and Conditions, and how to enter into the competiton are available in the site. There is also youtube video regarding this competiton. For youtube video just click this link. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7yH6wWsviY
You must be either an EU citizen, or a citizen of Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland to participate to enter this competition. But anyone can vote!
This competition is easy and fun & as you can see from the prizes, really worth the effort so if you would like to participate, just have fun over there.
India won the Asia cup 2010 by crushing Srilanka for a mammoth score defeat of 81 runs. India lifted this Asia cup after the much long period of 15 years. Yes, 15 years back, India bagged the Asia cup held at Sharjah in 1995.
Srilanka being in good form, made India restrict to 268 for 6 wickets in 50 overs. Off this, Dinesh Karthik, the batsman who replaces Virendhar Sehwag as Sehwag was injured, have made a brillant strike and took 66 runs off 84 runs. Skipper Dhoni scored 38 off 52 balls and Rohit Sharma later came up with vital knocks helps India to put a competitive score. Rohit scored a decent 41 runs.
Defending 268 runs, the home team entered the field with lot of confidence as they were already beaten India in the previous league match of Asia Cup. But Indian seam bowlers crushed their confidence and at one stage, the Srilankan Score was 51 runs for five wickets. Off this Zaheer Khan bagged two wickets, Praveen took 1 wicket. Nehra, one among his best performance, bagged 4 wickets which was crucial wickets for India.
Man of the match award was given to Dinesh Karthik for his wonderful performace on the field. India can have this Asia Cup win as their warm up for the forth coming World cup 2011.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
The sports betting spot site present in the internet world since 2002 and it seems to be good internet site when we consider for sports betting. In this site, we can explore a lot many important and needed information regarding online sports betting. Even they provide many useful tips and information about good online betting shops.
Well, if we are new to sports betting but we are interested to do betting, then sportsbettingspot.com is an ultimate guide and they will provide all sorts of clarifications about bet on sports. The fundamentals about sports betting are well furnished in this site so that every one could understand easily. The site design is not much complicated so that users can easily search what they want regarding betting.
This site not only provide sports betting information, but also we can perform online betting easier. They provide us in and out information and security for online sports betting. The site has regular updates about various sports bet and games. They also provide reviews about sports bet and games which would be more useful.
http://sportsbettingspot.com is one such site particularly dedicated for the sports betting lovers. This web site is created particularly for those who bet on sports especially on sport games like football, basket ball, etc.
So, if we are looking for How to Bet on Sports reviews, basket ball betting tips, hockey betting tips, baseball betting tips, football betting information just have a visit to Sports Betting Spot.
Monday, June 21, 2010
Saina Nehwal, the Indian Badminton sensation has once again showed her brilliant performance on the Singapore field and clinches her maiden Singapore Open Super Series on Sunday. She played against qualifier Tzu Ying Tsi of Taipei in the final and win the final in straight sets of 21-18, 21-15.
Saina took just 33 minutes to defeat her opponent at the Singapore Indoor Stadium. Saina surprises the people by winning back to back titles. She also won two super series events. Last year, she won Indonesia Super Series which brought her huge fame in her career.
Also She won her first Indian Open Grand Prix Gold at Chennai which held at Last Week. The other successful achievements are reaching the semi-finals of the All England Badminton Championships which has equal importance like Wimbledon in this Badminton game. Prakash Padukone was the first Indian man to lift the trophy, followed by Syed Modi and more recently Pulella Gopichand. Additonally Gopi Chand is the present coach to Saina Nehwal.
Saina Nehwal's performance has been increasing steadily and We all hope that she will win many titles like these and she will make Indians to feel proud on her.
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Nowadays People are thinking of moving to new places in order to explore the places. Moreover not only to explore but also to enjoy their trip, they tend to go for tour. We should be always aware that such kind of pleasure trip would never lose its speciality because of comfortless. Comfort level is very much needed as we are going to tour for the mind relaxation.
Camping tents plays the major role nowadays as people are craze about these camping tents. With these camping tents, lot of friends and families enjoy their trip typically. Camping tents make People to feel different when they are in outdoors. Such tents should be worthy while buying it. If tent what we have is not good in condition, then the entire trip will go into vain.
Tents comes in different sizes and designs which is based on the strength and requirement of the consumers. There are so many varieties of camping tents available. By using camping tents, we can stay at any place with our family or friends. By selecting Camping tents, we must be very careful in respect to security and safety. If we have kids, then we need to ensure that tents for camping are strong enough. Seeing such protective measures, we can avoid certain kinds of dangers.
Summitcampinggear.com is one such site where these Camping tents are available. But I feel this site would be the right choice for buying camping tents. They have different varieties in different sizes. Person tent is one such camping tent which is differ in number of persons like one number, two number upto 9+ tents. Other varieties include beach tents, cabin tents, light weight backpacking tents, etc. Even they provide camping tips on their site which seems to be useful. They also include camping tent accessories. Let us try this site for our camping needs.
Make sure you bring proper tents for camping with you so that nothing can stop you from enjoying your trip and I hope summitcampinggear site would help us a lot.
Argentina beat South Korea by scoring 4 goals against South Korea. Real Madrid's Gonzalo scored a hat-trick which paves the easy way for the victory over this asian team.
Argentina after winning two matches of the group matches, steps ahead to second round of FIFA 2010. The match was held at Soccer City on Thursday.
Higuain made his hat-trick with the goal by head in the 80th minute of the game. South Korea socred its consolation goal after the end of the first half and the goal was hit by Lee Chung-yong. But the goal was failed to control by Argentina Defender Martin even it seems to be simple ball.
The result left Argentina top of the group with six points from their opening two matches followed by South Korea with three from their first two games.
Argentina seems to be in good form in this FIFA tournament and the World Class players like Messi, Carlos, Angel di Maria bringing out their fantastic and marvelous talent on the field.
People today are very crazy about online games and the craze has caught people of all ages. The people right from youngsters to old age are interested in online games and casino games are becoming increasingly popular. Poker games are favorite among people because it is a family card game which involves betting and hand rankings.
PokerStars Bonus Code is available in this site which helps you to avail all the FTR events. Enter the code flopturnriver which is a PokerStars Bonus Code and when can you sign up in their site with this and avail complete bonus and enjoy the poker game. Once you sign up you can play the games and enjoy the thrill associated with the game. The site has constraint that you have to pay $600 for them but they relax this if you enter PokerStars Marketing Code and you are given a 90 day grace period within which you should pay the $600 amount in three installments.
Once you are done with this you are now a eligible candidate to enter the real poker world and you can win many games and become a millionaire. Friends but my advice is before you start betting on poker games you should know the nuances of the games in order to win and make money from this. Final piece of advice is play this poker game for fun and never get addict to this game since it is very tough to come out of this once you are totally involved in this game.
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
This is a Sponsored Post written by me on behalf of Cisco. All opinions are 100% mine.
The football or Soccer fever got raised now and the football lovers are all gathered in South Africa to watch out battles between 32 countries. FIFA World Cup is being played from June 11 to July 11. Each and every game has its own thrill and importance. So fans are glued to different kinds of media channels to find what is happening in the FIFA world cup.This time would be the best time to Live the Beautiful game. Watch the embedded video. Not only that but you could answer the question "What if Your TV Could," and tell Cisco and the World. You can tell them and us how if you Put yourself in a World Cup video.
Even there are many ways to enjoy this kind of beautiful game. But If you Put yourself in a World Cup video and share it with the world, then such sorts of enjoy is ultimately different from other things. The video has been made by the Cisco System. Even you can create your own video and you can share it even with your family, friends, etc. Moreover tell your favourite team and create a video and comment about it. Please leave a link to your video in the comment of this blog and I will blow it up a bit (with a link back to you).
Every game has its own facts and realities. Football or Soccer is no exception for this kind of factual things. Some of the interesting facts in FIFA world cup are as below:Germany has conceded the highest number of goals in World Cups. The total number of goals 112
With 2217 minutes on field, Paol Maldini holds the record of being the longest playing star.
France 1998 saw the highest number of goals scored in a single World Cup tournament - number of goals 171.
Germany has lost most number of finals in World Cups - the years are 1966, 1982, 1986, 2002.
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
We all like to hear music without any discrimination of culture, language,etc. Music creates pleasure and peace of mind. Music has the potential to improve our energy level. Listening to good music will feel like living in heaven. Music is the best media through which one can get relaxation.
Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions. "It's Not So Easy" is a Jazz Album which is based on green technology. The CD of this Jazz Album is available in the site www.juewettbostick.com. This album is wonderful. The guitar part is very fantastic and lyrics found be very touching and meaningful. The performance made by Ali Woodson is seems to be amazing. This album portrays about making the world pollution free and it creates environmental awareness. Moreover the CD has experiences of the performers of this album.
This album can be obtained from nearby store or at the site. The site had other jazz albums too. The vocalists, the musicians and other technicians have did really well. One can enjoy the tremendous and wonderful jazz music in this CD. One will be excited to watch the singers, music troops, writers, etc sharing their views here. Some of the music like Forever more, precious love, etc are good and amazing. Jus try out it.
Friday, June 11, 2010
Siphiwe Tshabalala of South Africa scored the first goal in the FIFA world cup 2010 edition against Mexico on friday. This man entered into the world cup record books after hitting the goal in the first match of FIFA world cup 2010. 19th FIFA world cup 2010 first match was played between the host South Africa and Mexico at Soccer City Stadium in Johannesburg. In the first half of the match, no goals were scored by any team. But in the second half, at 55th minute of the match, Tshabalala hit the goal against Mexico which brings the first goal of this edition.
Mexico Skipper Rafael Marquez brings down the RSA dream of winning the first match by scoring a goal when only 11 minutes left for the game to end.
This led the fans leave the stadium after the First Match in Group A between RSA and Mexico ended as a 1-1 draw.
FIFA world cup 2010, the very biggest sports event on the world kicks off with the massive opening ceremony at Johannesburg. R Kelly's stunning performance made the audience jumps off at the stadium. The crowd reaches a number of more than 84000 at the opening ceremony. Kelly performance was the highlight with his Soweto Spiritual Singers.
Though the start of FIFA 2010 at South Africa was great, absence of Nelson Mandela for the inauguration is of great miss for the FIFA inaugural event. Absence is because Mandela's grand duaghter today met with accident and she died in a car crash.South Africa is going to play with Mexico in the opening game of world cup 2010 on Friday i.e today. The host will get extra boost as they have more supporters than others. France is ready to play against Uruguay in the second match on Friday.
Mr. Zuma was thrilled as he launched opening concert and he thanked FIFA to bring the event first time on African soil. Mr. Zuma said,
“We would like to thank Fifa for the decision to bring the World Cup for the first time to the continent of Africa. We would like to thank South Africans for having received our visitors so warmly. I want to ask you to show this warmness for the whole tournament.”
Black Eyed Peas, Alicia Keys, John Legend, and Shakira steal the show with their magnificent performances. Shakira performed before an international crowd at the Orlando Stadium in Soweto, South Africa, on the first night of the World Cup.Shakira performed “Waka Waka,” which is the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
This is a Sponsored Post written by me on behalf of PacSun. All opinions are 100% mine.
The new coalition between Ken Block, DC shoes, and Ford Collab Gear is the great opportunity to discuss some looks for the men. PacSun, a retailer for Ken Block/DC shoes colloboration, a retailer we are more familiar with. This retailer have quality merchandise at affordable prices. They do have standards on this merchandise collection. The collection includes jackets, hats, tees, and a lot more. This items looks like athletes wear, race cars, giving sporty look. Even they have the best eye catching logos from selected companies.
Block co-founded DC Shoes, a worldwide leader in performance skateboarding shoes and a renowned action sports brand. DC shoes and Ford Motor Company are the main sponsors for Ken Block. They have made some series of videos in which Block performs some extreme driving skills covered in DC shoes and Ford Stickers. You can now get a Ken Block DC Hoodie and tee to cheer on the rally driver in his fifth season as he drives a new Ford Fiesta. With so many sick brands collaborating on a single DC Hoodie/tee, it isn't likely this DC Hoodie/tee will be around long.Check the collection out for yourself and let me know – would you snag something from this collection for the man in your life? Which piece of Ken Block Gear is your favorite? Your opinion matters! Post comments and let me know which item is your favorite.
Monday, June 7, 2010
Rafael Nadal has proved himself that he is the king of the tennis. He has won the french open final and bagged the grand slam title on sunday.
Robin Soderling got defeated by Nadal and Nadal achieved this title in a straight sets of 6-4, 6-2, 6-4. Nadal not only topped the ATP list, also he was the second man to take five titles at Roland Garros after the great Bjorn Borg.
It was the fifth French Open title for Nadal at Roland Garros, achieved in only six years.
Soderling moved up one place in the rankings to a career-high sixth while Argentina's Juan Martin del Potro, who missed the French Open while he recovers from wrist surgery, dropped to eighth.
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Protecting eyes from the dust and other forms of anonymous items are very important thing to be taken while taking care of our health. Sunglasses plays the major role in protecting eyes. Sunglasses can help your eyes in two important ways. They help filter light and they protect against the sun rays. So choosing right sun glasses is must because good sunglasses will reduce glare and filter 99 percent of UV rays. Moreover sunglasses should be comfortable and it should protect our without any other distortion.
Menssunglasses.com is the site which provides variety of sunglasses. In this site, we can find over 200 different styles of sunglasses. They have sunglasses for every kind of personality and also for different occasions. This website is of more user friendly such that even a normal person understand it. At Menssunglasses they focus only on mens sunglasses in order to bring customer's shopping satisfication and organizing it. They also provide free shipping for the customers of which the order should be above 25$. They deliver the sun glasses with utmost safety and ship out within 24-48 hours. They treat customers as precious and have customer's satisfication as number one priority. They also provide life time guarantee for all sunglasses. The different kinds of sunglasses include bi-focal sunglasses, avaitor sunglasses, Biker sunglasses, celebrity sunglasses, fashion sunglasses, etc. They also provide information on customer services on the basis of customer assistance and sales assistance. To buy mens sunglasses this site would be the better option. Just have a visit at menssunglasses.com.
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Robin Soderling was the man to beat Roger Federer in the Grand Slam French Open 2010. The Swiss man was sat down after his 3-6, 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 defeat by Soderling. This match put an end for Roger to the 23 consecutive grand slam semi finals since 2004.
"They all come to an end at some stage," Federer said of his first failure to reach the last four of a major since Gustavo Kuerten beat him in the third round at Roland Garros in 2004.
Robin Soderling has played second fiddle to Roger Federer 12 times in his career. The match held for 150 minutes which tells the story of a very good fight indeed.
Last year Soderling was defeated by Roger in a straight sets to win the title. It was some embarassing situation which made inevitable for Roger though he defeated Nadal in the quarter finals.
Roger Federer will now get ready to pack his bags for Wimbledon to maintain his defending title at London.
Roger quoted "I really felt like my tennis was good enough to come here and do it again, but that was not the case today," he said. "You move on, move on to the grass and forget it a little bit."
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The killing of a 54-year-old albino man in Malawi on New Year’s Eve have triggered concerns of a resurgence of murders, rapes, and mutilations against people with albinism in the country and greater region, where witch doctors claim potions made out of albino body parts can bring good luck.
Malawi’s Daily Times reported Friday that police arrested four men for the murder of Yasin Phiri, an albino man killed after a group of men entered his home on December 31 with the apparent purpose of killing him. There is no evidence the men in question had other motives for killing him such as tense personal relations or a financial stake in his death; police believe his condition as an albino prompted the homicide.
“They dragged him outside the house probably to a distance of about 20 meters,” Malawi Police Inspector General Rodney Jose told reporters on Wednesday, according to Voice of America. Police believe Phiri died in front of his young son. “They chopped off both his hands, they left him battling for his life until he bled to death.”
Albinism is a hereditary condition in which the body does not produce melanin. Albinos tend to have very light skin and silver or very light blond hair. In Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa, and other areas in the south of the continent, the unique features of albinism have led to a mythology surrounding their magical qualities. Witch doctors claim albino body parts can help cure health problems, bring the consumer good luck, and help politicians win elections.
Prior to the Phiri killing, the most recent high-profile case of the killing of an albino in Malawi occurred in March 2018. Police announced two months later that they had arrested 22 people suspected of taking part in the abduction and killing of 22-year-old Macdonald Masambuka. Police stated that some of those arrested were being charged with conspiracy to murder, not with directly killing Masambuka, suggesting that his killing was related to the market for albino body parts and premeditated.
That same month, in South Africa, a judge sentenced a man to four life sentences in prison after he was found guilty of killing two nieces and two nephews, all with albinism and between four and 12 years old, after he received a business offer from an intermediary who said a witch doctor was seeking albino ears to use in a magic spell. Not content with the potential profit from the children’s ear sales, he also took out life insurance policies on them before their murder.
While alive, some believe albinos can cure HIV/AIDS if a patient engages in sexual intercourse with them, leading to a high number of rapes of people with albinism by HIV+ rapists. Men in particular who are HIV+ often attempt to court albino women for the purpose of raping them and “curing” their disease and making some extra profit by “killing her or ‘selling’ her for body parts,” according to a 2016 Amnesty International report.
Traditional healers will often pay high prices for albino body parts to use in allegedly curing potions and spiritual rituals. Since body parts have their uses independent of the entire corpse, many albinos suffer mutilation attacks, in which assailants will chop off their hands, feet, arms, or legs and leave them to bleed to death without attempting to actually kill them. A complete body is, of course, more lucrative; according to a 2015 U.N. study, witch doctors in Tanzania may offer as much as $75,000 for the body of a person with albinism.
Authorities in countries where these beliefs thrive have struggled to enforce laws forbidding the persecution of albinos for witchcraft because many of those with the means to afford spiritual services involving the use of their body parts are politicians. This makes election seasons a particularly dangerous time for albinos in southern Africa, as wealthy political candidates seek an edge in their prospective races using albino body part potions in spells. In 2015, shortly before criminalizing witchcraft in its entirety, the government of Tanzania issued a special plea to politicians prior to nationwide legislative elections to not participate in the murder or mutilation of albino people.
The ban on witchcraft in Tanzania resulted in hundreds of arrests of traditional healers and a rise in demand for albino body parts in neighboring Malawi, leading to many parents of albino children refusing to send them to school or let them out of the house for fear they would be killed. Voice of America estimates that 26 albinos in Malawi have been killed since 2013, out of a population estimated to number at around 10,000. “Shoot to kill” orders from the nation’s government to police have done little to prevent incidents like the one documented this week.
Follow Frances Martel on Facebook and Twitter.
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Central nervous system vasculitis.
Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessel walls, which produces dysfunction in both the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral ischemia is the major cause for neurological manifestations of CNS vasculitis. Unfortunately, a universally accepted classification of vasculitis has not emerged. Vasculitis affecting the CNS alone is referred to as primary angiitis of the CNS; secondary vasculitis occurs in association with a variety of conditions, including infections, drug abuse, lymphoproliferative disease and connective tissue diseases. The pathogenesis of vasculitis includes different immunological mechanisms. Recently, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA) has been demonstrated to play an active role in the immunopathogenesis of the vasculitis. Diagnosis of vasculitis depends on a combination of clinical, radiographic and pathologic features. A wide spectrum of clinical features may occur. The most typical clinical picture of CNS vasculitis is troke, encephalopathy or seizures. Assays for ANCA, serum cytokines, antibodies to endothelial cell antigens have been reported to be useful in diagnosing or monitoring the disease activity. The gold standard in diagnosis is confirmation of vasculitis in a biopsy specimen. Angiography may suggest the diagnosis but no abnormalities are pathognomonic. Ideally, the therapy of each vasculitis would focus on the specific immunologic mechanism causing the disease. Such specific interventions are not yet available. In general the most important approaches induce global immunosuppression. The goal of therapy, however, is to prevent recurrence of disease.
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Global Research Series: Sport Entertainment in Slovenia
Each month, we’ll be sharing the research and global adventures of one of our faculty members and/or students who have conducted research in his/her field of study, in our new blog series entitled: Global Research Series.
The beautiful and picturesque backdrop of Slovenia may make for an excellent getaway for some, but for Recreation Administration Professor, Dr. Michael Mahoney, it served as the perfect location to conduct his research and comparative analysis projects.
Slovenia, which is bordered by Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia, has a population slightly above two million. Mahoney even has a dual citizenship with the European country. He has several projects in the works, which all involve his focus area of sport and entertainment facility management.
His first project deals with facility management in regards to public transportation in the region. Transit Planning: A Collaborative Approach by Facility Management, Municipal Government, and Private Business, came into fruition one year ago in September 2013, when Mahoney left the late summer heat of Fresno for Slovenia to embark on his sabbatical.
He arrived in the country to attend the European Basketball Championships – EuroBasket Slovenia 2013, in the city of Ljubljana, in which he conducted his primary research, and as a transport hub for meetings in Croatia (Arena Zagreb) and England (Emirates Stadium).
Stožice Center in Ljubljana
Throughout his fall 2013 stay in Slovenia, he met with representatives of Šport Ljubljana – an agency that oversees the cities’ Stožice Center (Arena and Stadium). This relatively new entertainment center hosts a variety of sports, concerts, and more. The idea for the transit-planning project came about following the 2013 European Men’s Basketball Championships, held at the arena. Due to patrons coming from many European nations including neighboring countries, a two to three hour drive away, the issue of traffic and transportation was a bit of a challenge.
Now Mahoney is taking a look at prior challenges (i.e., IL DIVO 2012 concert, EuroBasket 2013) and configuring alternative plans that could be put in place to alleviate such transport and accessibility challenges.
“Events geared towards locals is easy, but planning for non-natives is different,” Mahoney said. “You need to account for increased numbers of visitors, vehicles, VIP and sponsor shuttles, staff, media, designated parking lots, etc. Failure to accommodate those persons with special needs or mobility limitations is unacceptable. Venue and event accessibility, along with transportation planning and buy-in from not only the host venue but, also the organizing committee and/or promoter, governmental officials, and private industry is key.”
Stožice Arena
Stožice Stadium
He most recently traveled back to the country to attend the MakeLearn – Management Knowledge and Learning International Conference in the city of Portoroz, where he also presented his project, Engaging with Industry: Collaborative Action Research as a Useful Tool in Facility Management.
Energy Input and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Turf Maintenance Equipment and Select European Stadiums is another project Mahoney is working on. This project looks at researching everything that goes into maintaining and sustaining turf, including the equipment used and amount of energy that is involved. He just started that project this past summer and hopes to expand on it by including additional European stadiums, beyond the already participating Stožice Stadium.
University of Ljubljana
While in Slovenia, Mahoney made the most of his time by enrolling in the Summer Slovene language class at the Center of Slovene Studies, University of Ljubljana. He took the four-week long language course during the mornings and spent the rest of his day conducting research and meeting with project members. Mahoney hopes to have better fluency of the language from the country he has grown to love.
Mahoney’s other projects include conducting a comparative analysis of fire and safety protocols between the U.S. and Europe and also taking a look at the United Kingdom’s Equality Act as compared to the Americans with Disabilities Act pertaining to sports and entertainment venues.
The great thing about Mahoney’s research is that he is able to take what he has learned and apply it toward his coursework, giving his students a firsthand account of what they can possibly experience in their future career in sport and entertainment facility management.
“By including global research findings and industry challenges into the curriculum, the class response has been highly interactive, and inclusive of truly analytical and practitioner focused thinking,” said Mahoney. “Students connect to the successes and challenges exhibited via the global projects, and several have expressed desires to intern and/or seek industry employment opportunities abroad.”
To learn more about Dr. Mahoney’s research in Slovenia, please contact him at 559.278.5263 or [email protected].
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Published by fresnostatechhs
The College of Health and Human Services at Fresno State empowers students to take a whole body approach to improving the quality of life, with faculty and students who are dedicated to helping Central California Live Well. There are seven academic departments within our College, including: Communicative Sciences and Deaf Studies, Kinesiology, Physical Therapy, Public Health, Recreation Administration, School of Nursing and Social Work Education and Gerontology.
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IGN
: This is a first person experience game, we saw it unveiled at The Game Awards back in December; give me the quick elevator pitch.
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: That sounds an awful lot like the Sandra Bullock film Gravity.: When I first started working on this game, I just wasn’t aware of Gravity. When I started using the metaphor of the destruction of my personal life, and the destroyed space station, it became really clear that this was a game I really, really wanted to make, an experience I wanted to have, and a story I wanted to tell. About a month into working on this I discovered Gravity. I didn’t know about it beforehand, and initially I was devastated because you want to be original as much as you can, even though that’s next to impossible when you’re creating things. I was devastated and I was like “you can’t make this game anymore.” But at that time in my life I was really rebelling against being told who I am and what I can do and what I’ve done – so I just kind of said “f**k it,” there’s room for everyone. Gravity is not the first space disaster piece of entertainment, and you could certainly say Gravity is derivative of other things in some ways, but that’s not the point. The point is that it’s a story I want to tell and I’m not going to shy away from doing that because there’s some similarities to it in a really great movie. If people compare Adr1ft to Gravity, that’s awesome. It’s actually been helpful for us because people’s expectations have been set for a game experience like an Oscar-calibre film. Initially it was devastating, but I’ve just accepted it because I know what we’re doing is very different. I see people online all the time saying “oh, so basically Gravity the game.” Well, it’s not “basically Gravity the game” – it’s a space disaster that happens to have a main character who’s a woman. I only had two choices [laughs]. I didn’t want to make the traditional space-marine game. It’s just not something I was interested in. I think when people play the game they will see that we’re trying to do something different.: But you weren’t inspired by the film at all?Adam Orth: No, not at all. It was maybe a happy accident I guess, although it didn’t feel happy at the time. I definitely had a minute where I’m like “I can’t do this.” But it passes.: You sort of alluded to this when you talked about your personal life, but where did the idea for Adr1ft come from?: I had an idea for a space disaster game, and then the whole Twitter controversy [Xbox One “deal with it comments] happened. When you’re creating something, my personal belief is that you have to put as much of yourself into it, whether it’s painful or exhilarating, or happy – whatever it is, that’s the best art. I felt like, “if I’m going to do this, I’m not going to flinch at all.”: Is [making the game] a therapeutic experience for you?: I wouldn’t say it’s therapeutic because making games is a very long and not an immediate process at all. I had a lot of opportunities to talk about that stuff [Xbox One comments] when it happened and I didn’t because I knew I was going to make this game. I don’t think anyone cares about that stuff anymore. This is my personal statement about it. It’s just the way I chose to funnel it into my creativity.: You’ve already alluded to it, but you found yourself in a bit of a pickle on the internet. Leading up to the Xbox One’s launch you were an employee at Microsoft working on T.V stuff. People were very up in arms about the idea of this console having to always be online. You tweeted “Sorry, I don’t get the drama around an ‘always on’ console. Every device now is ‘always on.’ That’s the world we live in. #dealwithit.” You are no longer at Microsoft obviously. Do you think it was the hashtag that pushed people over the edge, or was it you replying to people, going further down that rabbit hole you had opened up for yourself?: I think it’s a little bit of both. It’s a super unfortunate thing that happened, and obviously the results were traumatic in a lot of ways. I don’t really think about it a lot anymore, although I do still hear about it on the internet. It’s definitely some people’s favorite past-time. I’ve talked about this, and have done a couple lectures about this. I definitely disrespected some people by having a sarcastic conversation with a friend – it’s not an excuse in any way, it’s just what happened. I shouldn’t have done it publically. I should have done it over a beer at a bar or something. It was an unfortunate event that – thankfully – is behind me, and it’s gotten me to where I am now.: Do you regret it? Would you not take it back even though it was a terrible thing, or do you wish you could take it back?: I would never take it back because you can’t take back life. You can’t do it. It sucked. It absolutely ripped my life apart but, when things burn down new things grow – that’s how I choose to look at it.: You locked your Twitter account for a while, but eventually came back.: Well, when it happened I think I got more than 10,000 Twitter followers within a couple hours. It was crazy. I locked it down because I didn’t know what to do.: How bad did it get? How much did the internet outrage seep into your real life?: I don’t think anything I could say about it here would be any different than what I’ve publically said about it already. I appreciate the desire to want to find that out from me in this interview but I think that it’s such a painful thing – not only for me but for my family too – that it’s just not worth getting into. It sucked that it happened, and I’m upset that I offended people. Somebody told me today, “find me someone who hasn’t said something stupid on the internet – you’ll never find them.” We all make mistakes in life, and it’s about how you recover from that and what you do next. That’s really what Adr1ft is about.: Are there any audio-logs or Easter eggs that say “deal with it” in the game anywhere? [Laughs].: No. I’ve got a sense of humor about the whole thing, but it’s just not that kind of game.: You’ve got Oculus Rift support. It seems like it could be an incredible Oculus Rift experience on the PC. Is that the ideal way to experience this game?: I don’t want to say that because it’s a very different experience. Initially I just approached the VR [virtual reality] thing as extra immersion, “immersion plus,” which it does give you. But what I wasn’t prepared for was how it actually elicits emotions when you’re having – well it’s really hard to describe. It connects you to the game in a fundamental way because everyone knows, or has their own idea, of what being stranded out in space feels like. When you’re able to even challenge the way someone thinks about that, or meet it, it’s very powerful. I’ve had some people try the game in virtual reality who were moved to tears. I don’t think it’s because we’re making this amazing artistic thing. I think we’re tapping into a primal emotion in people, with the subject matter and the situation, and then you add in this way to be in it in a way that you’ve never been able to do before – as a developer, that’s cool. It’s so powerful. We planned for VR from the beginning, and we’ve designed the game to support that. We feel really fortunate to be at this moment of excitement about it because very soon there’s going to be a bunch of platforms out there that support this game, and we can’t wait to get them out.: We just saw at GDC this week Sony unveil the latest version of Project Morpheus. They gave it a target release date of the first half of 2016. Is Morpheus something you guys would come back with an update for later down the road?: Yeah, absolutely, if Sony was interested in something like that. We’re definitely talking to them. We have Morpheus kits, and it’s something we’re super excited about. I’ve always been a PlayStation fanatic, so getting this game on PlayStation in a new way is really important to me personally.: You mentioned the tears with Oculus. Has anyone ever thrown up playing this game? Because it’s a zero G space game with an Oculus Rift.: No, actually, it’s the other way; people never get sick with our game. In my experience using VR, Adr1ft is unique in the fact that you’re not grounded to the floor, you can move in any direction, and it’s slow and dreamy. That allows for some really non-queasy gaming [laughter]. We’ve had people refuse to try this demo because they get sick all the time. I just force people to do it, and when they do it they’re like, “I feel great, nothing happened, it was great.” So, I think there’s a mix of happy accident and stuff we’re working on to try to do that – but it’s very non-queasy. We’ve probably had more than 500 VR demos of Adr1ft so far, and I can only count on one hand the people who’ve gotten sick.: Is there a significance to the fact that there’s a number 1 wedged into the middle of the name of the game?: I haven’t really talked about it before, but it’s not a big stretch to understand that you’re one person. You’re alone, and one is the loneliest number. I’ve taken a lot of s**t about it on the internet, believe me. But it doesn’t matter because, who cares? No one cares. If it means something to the people creating it, that’s all that matters. If you’re not going to buy the game because there’s a one in it, you’ve got bigger problems.: Somewhere there’s a marketing manager, perhaps at your publisher, who’s just cringing right now. “What do you mean it doesn’t matter what the game’s called?!” [Laughs].: That’s just the way it is. It means something to the game. It’s just there. Deal with it [laughter].: You’ve had an eclectic career. You were a recording artist, you toured, I’ve heard you’re friends with Rivers Cuomo. You have this big music background. How did you end up in video games?: It’s actually not that big of a stretch. I’ve always been a gamer. Me and my brother used to get new Atari cartridges and play the games and take out magic markers and paper afterwards and draw up brand new levels and send them in to Atari. Every three weeks later we would get a form letter back, always with stickers and patches and other cool stuff. It’s always been a part of my life, just like music. I was a musician in Los Angeles, professionally, for a while. I signed a publishing deal to write music for film and television. I begged my published to find me game-work. This was in the mid-late ‘90s, and the music business had no idea. You couldn’t tell record company people about it because that wasn’t even on their periphery at all. So, I got a job doing music for the PlayStation One James Bond game Tomorrow Never Dies. At this time it was a bit of a wild-west in the Hollywood video game making business. Unbeknownst to me, they had already hired somebody else to also do the same thing – a guy who was hugely famous then and now, Tommy Tallarico. They sadly informed me that the music I had composed, recorded, performed and turned in would not be going into the game, which was soul-crushing. I was burnt on it at that point. You’d have to start all over again, and I couldn’t do that. So, I became a tester. I floated around the Los Angeles area and I worked at every interactive studio at the time. But what I really wanted was to be a tester at Sony Santa Monica. I was incessant about bugging them constantly, and I finally got a job there. I was testing on Twisted Metal: Black, and I became friends with David Jaffe, and everyone at that studio. He [Jaffe] pulled me out of test and made me a junior game designer. My first real game design job was working on Twisted Metal: Black.: You worked on God of War with David Jaffe, you worked on a few Metal of Honor games at EA.Adam Orth: Yeah, I actually left Sony Santa Monica to go work on Medal of Honor because I was really passionate about that.: And then PopCap to work on a bunch of their IPs, LucasArts on a number of things. It just shows that if you are really serious about getting into game design, become a tester.Adam Orth: People ask me all the time how to get into the [game] industry. That’s how I got in. I don’t know if that advice is dated or not anymore, but it’s a great way. You get this foundation that you don’t get anywhere else. You get to learn the business and learn about each discipline. You get to learn about the coders and engineering, about design, art, audio, production – anything that happens in a game development studio. So if you apply yourself there, and you’re good, you can get out there. Over the years I’ve put a lot of people into test positions who are now game designers at big places. Somebody gave me a shot, and I’d like to help people out too. It’s awesome when I can take a guy off Twitter who seems reasonably bright and engaging, and get him a job testing at Naughty Dog, working on The Last of Us. Somebody gave me a shot, so it’s my duty to pay it forward. Otherwise, what are we doing here?: Is game development inherently a pretty nomadic life?Adam Orth: It can be. We’ve all read the stories. I’ve seen some pretty terrible things in my career of AAA game development. It’s hard because A. it’s kind of the nature of the beast, and B. it should never be. More and more I compare it to the film business. You have to have the stomach for it. I’ve seen people with families bouncing around, chasing these things and getting laid off. Like the Kotaku story that recently came out that told this long story about this family that kept going places and getting laid off, and they kept having more kids and they needed a new house – to me, no game job is worth doing that to your family. Nothing’s worth doing that to your family. But you have to admire the passion of these people who want to do it. Being in the game development industry is a gift. We have the greatest job, it’s amazing. But the reality of the nomadic nature [of the lifestyle] definitely exists, and it’s hard to have security on these giant teams and projects. I guess it’s also hard to have security when you start your own studio. It’s all about how you manage that risk and what you’re willing to sacrifice for those things. When you exist in the big AAA realm, it can be nomadic for sure. I’ve seen friends and colleagues moving all over the place.: Do you think that the middle-class of games is dead or dying? Games we would see in the original Xbox and PlayStation 2 era. It does seem like it’s gotten very much either AAA or indie titles.Adam Orth: Well yeah, the risk of making these mid-tier titles is too great. Who’s going to make those now? The larger companies aren’t going to do that, and the little guys can’t do it. If you can do it, it’s a risk. Is it a new IP, is it continuing something? I think there’s smart ways to do it, but from a development standpoint, if you take a $10 million dollar game, the risk of return on that investment is too great. That’s why people won’t do it.: Do you think we’re [the video game industry] in a healthy position right now? Are you worried?: I see the video game industry thriving right now. It’s just different. There’s no middle in this big AAA console thing, but look at mobile. There’s more games than ever now. That might be a bad thing but I don’t see the game industry being in a bad position.: At Microsoft you were a member of the core design team responsible for overall feature design on Xbox One with focus on interactive television. Are you happy with the way T.V functionality turned out on Xbox One?: It’s hard to say. My experience with the whole Twitter thing makes it hard to go back to that stuff. I don’t really watch a lot of T.V, so it’s not really a part of my life. It felt good doing at the time. I hoped it was something that would take off, but it doesn’t seem like, right now, it’s going somewhere. I think there’s space for it, but how’re we going to do it? How’s it going to be done? I think there’s a lot of smart, talented people who want to make it happen. I think it just wasn’t the time, and for whatever reason it didn’t work. I don’t think that it is something that is a dead idea – I just think it hasn’t been done correctly yet.: As somebody who was on the team that worked with that, are you saddened or disappointed that for various reasons the non-gaming features of the Xbox One have been minimized or brushed aside over the last year or so?: This is going to sound terrible, but I’m not really familiar with all the features on the Xbox right now because I don’t use it a lot. I don’t really have time. I’m spending every waking moment making Adr1ft, and I’m sadly out of touch with those things right now. So I don’t know if I could give you the best answer.: What’s the number one lesson you’ve taken from your past game development experience and applied to Adr1ft?: Never give up. Ever. I’ve been doing this for almost 18 years now, and I’m right now doing the thing I’m most inspired and interested in. Sorry every other game I’ve worked on [laughter]. If you believe in something, you can’t ever give up on it because once you do, what’s left? The death of dreams is a horrible thing to think about. I’ve been lucky. I’ve had a really interesting career, and I’ve been able to work with some amazing people on some amazing things. But now, for me, this is the beginning. I want to keep making these kind of games. We built our studio around the idea of the FPX, and it’s really important for us to hopefully be seen as a leader in making high quality products in that area. We’ve spent so much time in the AAA side of things, and we learned so many good things there. People often talk about AAA like it’s a negative thing – it’s not. There’s great, amazing AAA games. We learned all these amazing things and we can apply them in a different way. We’re seeing that we can do new and different things. Having taken the gun out of your hand, and then how do you interact with the world in an interesting and cool and meaningful way is super challenging. That’s what inspires us every day. How’re you going to get an immersive first-person experience where you can interact with the world and do something cool, sell a fantasy to someone, and make them want to keep playing and keep feeling and have a great experience with video games.: There is no combat in this game.: There is no combat in Adr1ft. There is not a single weapon, there’s not a single bullet – there’s not even another single living person. The enemy in Adr1ft is the environment.: The first-person experience subgenre seems to be taking off, with games like Firewatch and Everybody’s Gone to the Rapture, as well as Adr1ft.: To me, it’s ridiculous to even be mentioned with those games.: I’ve seen those games; I don’t think it’s ridiculous at all. They all look fantastic, including Adr1ft.: Well, thank you. Those are the games that inspire me and are the things I’m looking forward to the most. I cannot tell you how many times I’ve played Proteus or The Stanley Parable. Those games are just so inspiring to me. They showed me that you don’t have to do the same old thing. It’s not a new lesson. Proteus was a huge inspiration for Adr1ft – just massive. I can’t stop with that game. I’m obsessed with it. Having these smaller, immersive experience games that are out there – it’s great for everyone. I don’t think anyone out there is going to have a problem with a massively interesting and fun high quality immersive experience that’s not 65 hours. I often talk about Adr1ft being like going to see the director’s cut of Interstellar at the best IMAX you can. It’s like a $30-$40 night. You’re going to be entertained for 3 hours and maybe go back and see it again. That feels like a premium entertainment experience to me. I think about Adr1ft a little bit like that.: Why do you think this subgenre [first-person experience] has taken off? Is it a reaction to years and years of corridor shooters?: Personally, for us making it, it’s totally a reaction. We don’t want to make those games anymore. I love those games; I play those games; I devour those games; I don’t want to make them. There’s enough games that have violence and shooting out there, and there’s nothing wrong with that. It’s just, at the end of the day, when you’re done developing your game, what do you want to say? How do you want to portray yourself and your team? How do you want to give the player a new way to interact with the world? I’m going to hammer home on that. It’s very important to us. I just can’t shoot anyone in the face anymore [laughter]. I can’t do it. The other guys on my team feel the same way, and we’re totally united with that. That’s not to say that there wouldn’t ever be any violence in our games, but I don’t want to put the player in a position where they’re committing violent acts. There’s a lot of interesting ways to make games that don’t require violence. That’s not a new concept either.: When the game comes out this summer, how do you want people to remember Adr1ft?: Hopefully in a couple ways. I want people to remember Adr1ft in the fact that they had a great mechanical experience. Maybe Adr1ft is not really “fun” for people – it’s very stressful. Tense, stress, frightening, claustrophobic sometimes. I want people to feel like they had a good game mechanic experience, which I think we have. Using oxygen as a shared health and propulsion resource makes every movement count. There’s these little micro-decisions that are hopefully meaningful to people. I would hope people key into that. It seems like people playing the game now really like that. I want people to remember that it was beautiful to look at. It’s got a great engine [Unreal Engine 4] that’s exceeding our expectations for the way the game looks. From the narrative, I want people to feel like, hey, this is not a normal video game story, and is maybe unique in that way. I want people to maybe think about, after they follow the journey of this story, that maybe they have a quiet moment or two of reflection upon, “how would I do that?” or “maybe I can take something away here.” It’s not a teaching thing, it’s not about learning. Hopefully you took something away from it where you pause for a minute and go “that was different and cool, and I want to maybe try that again.” I want to actually take this opportunity to really hammer home, because a lot of people don’t understand that we’re making a traditional game. They think, “oh, it’s not only VR?” I don’t really know how that happened [laughter]. I kind of know how it happened, but it’s a strange thing. It’s actually a traditional game first, but even better with VR. Don’t forget that.
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It was Wednesday, December 31, 2003 - New Year's Eve, at around 3:30 in the afternoon. Children at the Sycamore Amish Schoolhouse on Weaver Road were taking the day's trash to a burn barrel on the school's property. They lit the trash but immediately put the fire out when they saw that something else was in the barrel.
It was a baby, a newborn baby girl with the umbilical cord still attached. She had been put into a plastic bag and placed in the burn barrel.
A neighbor who had a telephone called the police. The coroner pronounced her dead at 5:00 that afternoon. An autopsy showed that the full-term, 6 lb girl had been born alive. Her throat had been slit. Genetically, she was determined to be a white female, of European ancestry. She was not the result of incest. There is less than a 3% chance that she came from the Amish community.
After hearing reports of the baby's discovery, an employee of the Turkey Hill Minit Market on N. Decatur St in Strasburg recalled finding something in the store's restroom on December 26th that might be connected to the case. The store is about 4 miles from where the baby was found. Evidence was collected from the restroom and sent for testing. Police started contacting customers who had made credit card purchases that day, hoping to find someone who had seen or heard anything unusual. The public was urged to come forward with any information that could aid in the investigation.
Police theorize that the child's mother was likely a young woman, under 20 and probably from the local area. If the baby was born in the restroom, the mother, and possibly another person, would have had to have access to a vehicle to get the child from the store to the burn barrel behind the schoolhouse. But N. Decatur Street, Route 896, is the main road into Strasburg, frequented by locals and tourists alike. So it is possible, if not likely, that the child's mother was from outside of the area.
Baby Allison was buried at the Conestoga Memorial Park in Lancaster Twp on January 13, 2004.
If you have any information about this case, please contact:
Pennsylvania State PoliceTroop J - Lancaster717-299-7650
or
PA Crime Stoppers1-800-4PA-TIPSPA Crime Stoppers is offering a reward of up to $2,000.00 for information that leads to an arrest in this case.
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Aeroflot Flight 213 (1962)
Aeroflot Flight 213 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot from Chersky Airport to Keperveyem Airport. On 18 September 1962, the Ilyushin Il-14 operating this flight crashed shortly after takeoff. All 27 passengers and five crew members were killed.
The Air Accident Investigation Commission determined that pilot error was the main cause of the accident.
Accident
Weather conditions at the time of the flight were poor. Visibility was 4-10km in light snow with a cloud base of 600-700 meters.
Flight 213 departed Chersky Airport at 06:20. The normal procedure involved circling above the valley while climbing to an altitude above surrounding terrain. This procedure was not followed and the crew flew on a heading directly to Keperveyem Airport. At an altitude of 800 meters and climbing, flying in clouds the aircraft impacted a 975 meter tall mountain. The Ilyushin was destroyed and there was a post collision fire. There were no survivors.
Aircraft
Construction of the Il-14M involved, serial number 146000929 09-29, was completed at the Moscow Banner of Labor production factory in 1956
and it was transferred to the civil air fleet. It was powered by two Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engines and at the time of the accident, the aircraft had sustained a total of 9,858 flight hours.
Investigation
The investigating committee discovered the primary cause of the accident was the pilots decision to deviate from approved procedures. Contributing factors were a lack of appropriate air traffic control and the weather.
See also
Aeroflot accidents and incidents
Aeroflot accidents and incidents in the 1960s
References
Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1962
Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
Category:1962 in the Soviet Union
Category:Aeroflot accidents and incidents
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TINY: VNC for DOS - luu
http://josh.com/tiny/
======
besselheim
I remember setting this up about a decade ago on some old electroplating
control system front end. It worked very well - unlike the rest of the
software on there.
Unfortunately the DOS program it was being used to remote was highly picky on
the hardware being used, and would refuse to communicate with the PLC if the
PC was too new. Due to the harsh environment of the plant, we'd go through two
or three computers per year. So there was a lot of digging around for old
hardware until we realised it would run reliably in DOSBox with a suitable CPU
speed set.
After that, our use case for TINY was no more, and we just used a VNC server
for Windows. Saved a great deal of site to site travel and plant downtime
while it was set up though.
~~~
digi_owl
Glad it worked out with Dosbox. Sometimes thats a no-go though because the
software expect direct access to something or other.
------
nerdponx
At first I assumed this was some kind of toy project, but as I read more I
realized this was intended to be serious industrial software.
Are pure-DOS machines still deployed in industrial uses? How common are they?
~~~
dsl
Incredibly common. There are industrial control systems in all sorts of
factories that run hardware for which only DOS (XP is common too) drivers
exist.
The companies that make most of these systems are out of business (mostly VARs
that have a lifespan of 5-10 years), and nobody wants to retool a $3 million
assembly line just to upgrade an OS.
Edit: I can think of a dozen times I woke up in the middle of the night to
drive 20 miles to fix a DOS machine to get a plant working again. This is
amazing.
~~~
rashkov
Could you relate how you go about fixing a DOS machine? I'm imagining that
technical experts get paid a lot of money and get flown across the country to
get critical assembly lines working again. Am I far off?
~~~
dsl
This was many years ago, so it was mostly reboots, reconfiguring settings, and
things like that.
But a good friend of mine has a very awesome job: he is employed by a very
large manufacturing company that makes consumer products. They have dozens of
plants all over north america, most of which run machines from companies that
are out of business or the lines are no longer supported. When one of these
antiquated machines break and the on-site service techs can't fix it or don't
have spares they call him in. He will basically pull an old ISA card out of a
machine, troubleshoot what broke, and replace board level components. He has a
stash of old harddrives from eBay. Every version of old software you can
imagine. In a few cases he has made new controller boards completely from
scratch (including dumping firmware off of chips and flashing it on to new
ones). When you are losing $200k an hour with a line down, "screw it I'll make
a new one from scratch" isn't a silly response to the plant manager.
~~~
jeffdubin
When the possibly of losing $200k an hour with a line down even exists, "screw
it, I'll have a few spares made" seems like it would be a less silly idea the
plant manager might want to consider.
~~~
weavie
Surely if you could lose $200k an hour, you would want to ensure you have
spares for absolutely everything already on site before the problems occur.
Redundancy is an amazing thing.
~~~
bpizzi
It depends on whether we're speaking of turnover or profit. An average profit
of 200K$/h for a single production line must be very rare (but it may exist).
You're almost always not really 'loosing' 200K$ (otoh you'll surely be late in
delivering your customers, and that _may_ be valuable, think 'late delivering
fees').
When you're 'only' earning an average 20K$/h (10% profit is an ok number I
would say, but it may be far less if it's a common finished good), then it may
have sens not to pursue buying couples of every single spare part you should
have. The full price for always having in stock working spare parts for 100%
of a 3M$ production line could be well in the tens of hundreds per month. At
the end you're cutting your profit and that's the last thing you want to
report to the board, as a plant manager.
------
nerflad
For those commenting about open-source: check out the zip archive[0] provided
by the author. This project appears to be about a decade old; those files have
modified dates of 2007/2008 (& perhaps the post title should reflect this).
Since it's freeware/"source-available", I wonder if they would consider making
it publicly available or passing it on to a new maintainer.
Either way, very cool project.
[0]:
[http://josh.com/tiny/download/TinyImage.zip](http://josh.com/tiny/download/TinyImage.zip)
------
teddyh
Title, “ _TINY: VNC for DOS_ ”, is not original and also incorrect. It is not
using the VNC protocol. From the article: “[TINY] _is comparable to programs
like VNC,_ […]“.
------
qz_
> I can honestly say without any exaggeration that this screenshot shows what
> is, by far, the most amazing thing ever done with a computer in history. If
> you look carefully, you will see that this is a Windows XP SP2 machine on
> which I am using Sun's Java Runtime Environment 5.0 to run the TINY client
> bytecode and connect over the network through a Linksys WRTP54 router back
> to a virtual machine running on the same XP computer using Microsoft Virtual
> PC 2007 to boot up MS-DOS 6.22 to load the TINY host and execute an old EGA
> version of Tetris that was compiled with TASM 2.0. Through this arrangement
> I am able to achieve performance comparable to a 16Mhz IBM PC-AT using my
> 2.8Ghz Intel Core2. Wow. If you are not impressed, then you probably do not
> fully understand what is going on here.
Why is this so impressive?
~~~
zimpenfish
I suspect sarcasm.
> performance comparable to a 16Mhz IBM PC-AT using my 2.8Ghz Intel Core2
------
Sophistifunk
This is excellent. I have absolutely no use for it, but I wish it was OSS just
so I could poke around and see how the host works. Either way, badass geekery.
~~~
philsnow
> Source code and protocol documentation available- have confidence that TINY
> will continue to be viable for decades to come (or at least until all your
> CMOS batteries go dead)!
"source available" not being the same thing as "OSS", but it's something
------
redsummer
Before I clicked the link I imagined that this was some sort of VNC client
which worked inside a terminal window. Does such a thing exist?
(I mean something like this - [https://github.com/mustafaakin/terminal-
webcam/blob/master/R...](https://github.com/mustafaakin/terminal-
webcam/blob/master/README.md) \- except with a VNC image)
------
scraft
Although not the same, it brings back memories of having webcams facing
TVs/monitors, which allowed people from multiple locations to view the output
of programs they had written running on actual harware (where the hardware
itself allowed code to be executed over the network, but didn't offer a remote
display option).
------
relaxitup
BTW, the Josh who wrote this (Josh Levine), also wrote The Island Trading
system (which ran on DOS I believe). Pretty brilliant guy; he was a subject of
a very good book (IMO) called Dark Pools. Not sure if he's still doing this or
not, but of your name is Josh xyz, he'll delegate xyz.josh.com to you (if not
already reserved).
~~~
andylynchnz
Looking at the Background, Josh wrote this to run Island. Bonus- you can read
the original matching wbighe code at [http://www.josh.com/notes/island-
ecn-10th-birthday/](http://www.josh.com/notes/island-ecn-10th-birthday/). It's
written in FoxPro. Make sure you read the bit about hard drives.
------
StavrosK
I have no words to describe how great this is. I would even, but I find myself
mysteriously unable to.
------
jug
I read VNC but my mind interpreted it as "VLC". I was mighty confused there
for a while, yet intrigued. I expected something like video streaming to DOS
and being encoded into ASCII art on the fly.
~~~
Arnavion
(Probably) won't run on DOS, but libcaca is a thing that VLC, mpv, etc support
that does exactly that.
Edit:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-h8g5NGUbDM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-h8g5NGUbDM)
------
pbhjpbhj
FWIW whilst the FAQ claims VNC send passwords in plaintext. TightVnc docs
claim:
>"for password encryption, VNC uses a DES-encrypted challenge-response scheme,
where the password is limited by 8 characters, and the effective DES key
length is 56 bits"
Which seems better than nothing at all.
I wonder if there's an SSH for DOS to tunnel the UDP packets over to avoid
adding an intermediary to the system (though I guess a rasberrypi would be
sufficient).
~~~
Sir_Cmpwn
Poor security is worse than no security. At least the latter doesn't give you
any false assurances.
~~~
pbhjpbhj
>Poor security is worse than no security. //
Not sure on this. Mostly the security on houses only has to put people off a
little, it doesn't need to actually be effective at keeping people out, it
only has to do enough to stop a random passer-by. So don't keep your wallet
open on the front porch and you're probably a million-times less likely to be
stolen from.
That said I think if the author meant to echo this idiom he should have just
said that. The way the FAQ put it sounded like "we really should have security
here and I'm embarrassed about it enough to claim that it's what everyone else
does to try and diffuse any suggestion it's a deficiency" rather than "we
don't have security by choice".
Perhaps I'm just being over-critical of the one thing I noticed that was not
quite right.
------
walrus01
If you don't need MS-DOS bare metal hardware, it's worth noting that a Xen
hypervisor HVM setup for an MS-DOS guest can provide a "VGA" \+ keyboard
console over VNC. It's basically QEMU.
------
fsiefken
As the page says the arrangement is using VirtualPC to emulate a PC and boot
DOS, I noticed that VirtualBox has an option to host an RDP/VNC server in the
settings. Wouldn't that be easier to configure?
~~~
EvanAnderson
The VirtualPC emulation is for testing. He's running this on bare metal
machines in production.
~~~
ahoka
Damn how I miss VirtualPC, the emulation was very good, so you could test low
level stuff easily. It had a complete S3 Trio VGA in software, which worked
very fast, not like it's "successor", HyperV, which is unusable for Linux
graphic desktops.
~~~
fsiefken
Would it be faster then Virtualbox? I'm emulating Ubuntu on Linux with
Virtualbox but perhaps switching to VmWare, Parallels or maybe VirtualPC will
result in better performance.
------
mack73
If the source for this had been on Github that BAKCSPACE issue would have
already been fixed ;)
------
fao_
There's a spelling error in the software on the first screenshot.
BAKCSPACE -> BACKSPACE
------
yellowapple
Anyone know if this works with FreeDOS?
~~~
jaclaz
Yes, it should work fine, it uses it's own (actually Novell) TCP/IP external
kernel (or stack) :
[http://freedos.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Networking_Fre...](http://freedos.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Networking_FreeDOS_complete)
You can use this:
[http://www.veder.com/nwdsk/](http://www.veder.com/nwdsk/)
for tests.
It includes Tiny.
~~~
yellowapple
Sweet.
I've got a couple old DOS / early Windows machines that I'd love to resurrect,
preferably with remote access. This + FreeDOS (which is my more typical go-to
nowadays) looks to be close to perfect.
------
ww520
TSR, omg, that brings back memory.
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2019
Statute
2-3711.Kansas agricultural remediation fund; creation. (a) There is hereby created in the state treasury the Kansas agricultural remediation fund.
(b) All expenditures from the Kansas agricultural remediation fund shall be made in accordance with appropriation acts upon warrants of the director of accounts and reports issued pursuant to vouchers approved by the chairperson of the board or by a person or persons designated by the chairperson.
(c) On or before the 10th of each month, the director of accounts and reports shall transfer from the state general fund to the Kansas agricultural remediation fund interest earnings based on:
(1) The average daily balance of moneys in the Kansas agricultural remediation fund for the preceding month; and
(2) the net earnings rate of the pooled money investment portfolio for the preceding month.
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54 N.J. 436 (1969)
255 A.2d 746
THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,
v.
RUBIN CARTER AND JOHN ARTIS, DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS.
The Supreme Court of New Jersey.
Argued June 2, 1969.
Decided July 15, 1969.
*438 Mr. Raymond A. Brown argued the cause for appellant Carter.
Mr. Arnold M. Stein argued the cause for appellant Artis.
Mr. Robert H. Altshuler and Mr. Vincent E. Hull, Jr., Assistant Prosecutors, argued the cause for respondent (Mr. John G. Thevos, Passaic County Prosecutor, attorney).
The opinion of the court was delivered by WEINTRAUB, C.J.
Defendants were convicted of three charges of murder in the first degree, and the jury having recommended life imprisonment, sentence was imposed accordingly. Defendants appealed directly to us pursuant to the then rule, R.R. 1:2-1(c).
The issue of guilt was strongly contested. The issue was, however, clearly one for the jury and defendants do *439 not contend otherwise. Our recital of the facts will therefore be limited to that suggested by the legal questions before us.
At about 2:30 A.M. on June 17, 1966 two men entered the Lafayette Bar and Grill in the City of Paterson. One man held a.32-caliber revolver, the other a 12-gauge shotgun. Their motive was obscure, no doubt because events moved so rapidly. We gather from the testimony of the sole surviving victim that the bartender saw the armed men as they entered and threw a bottle at them, precipitating the shooting before a word was said. The bartender was killed instantly, as was also one of the patrons. Another patron, Mrs. Tanis, who suffered multiple wounds, died four weeks later. The lone survivor, also a patron, was shot in the head. His ability to tell what happened was obviously impaired; he could contribute little more than that the armed men were Negroes. The State failed in its effort to prove a dying declaration by Mrs. Tanis. We know only that she and also the surviving patron were unable to identify either defendant, but the testimony does not suggest that either patron was able to say affirmatively that the defendants were not the offenders.
Mrs. Valentine, who lived above the tavern, was awakened by the shots. She went to the window and saw two men run from the sidewalk in front of the tavern to a white automobile parked across the street, about a car-width from the curb. Mrs. Valentine could not see their faces but observed that they were Negroes, that the license plate had a dark background with gold or yellow lettering, and that the rear lights were triangular in shape, tapering toward the center. She hurried to the tavern, where she met one Alfred Bello, who urged her not to enter. She nonetheless did, saw the gory scene, returned to her apartment, and telephoned the police.
Alfred Bello was a key witness for the State. He and Arthur Dexter Bradley were in the area on a criminal mission of their own. Bradley was attempting to break into a building about two blocks away while Bello was at the intervening *440 intersection looking out for the police. Bello ran out of cigarettes and was walking to the tavern to buy some when he heard the shots. As he neared the tavern, two men, Negroes, came toward him, one with a shotgun and the other with a pistol. They were talking loudly and laughing. When Bello realized they were not detectives, he took off and ducked into an alleyway. Presently a white car passed by. Bello recognized it as a 1966 Dodge and noted it had New York license plates. Bello entered the tavern, and seeing the dead and the dying, he went to the cash register to obtain a dime to call the police. The sight of money was too much for Bello who, explaining he was a thief, admitted he scooped some bills from the register. He left the tavern and handed the money to Bradley who, having heard the shots, had started toward the scene,. Bello returned to the tavern. He called, or had already called, the police, and when they arrived, he flagged them down.
At 2:34 A.M. patrol cars were alerted for a white car with two Negro occupants. At 2:40 A.M. Sergeant Capter and his colleague stopped a white car with three Negro occupants. Defendant Artis was driving and defendant Carter was in the rear seat. Carter, a professional pugilist, was well known to Sergeant Capter. After checking the registration, the officers permited the car to proceed. The officers then went to the tavern, and learning that Mrs. Valentine and Bello had given the additional information that the car had out-of-state plates and that the rear lights looked like "butterflies," they took off to search for the car they had stopped, for that car had New York plates and its rear lights answered the description given by Mrs. Valentine and Bello.
The car was located. Artis and Carter were then the only occupants. They were ordered to drive to the tavern in an escort of police cars. When they arrived, Mrs. Valentine identified the car as the one she had seen. By then a large crowd had gathered. The car was taken by the police to headquarters where it was impounded. At 3:45 A.M. a search of the car yielded a live.32-caliber S. & W. long *441 bullet, found on the floor under the right front seat, and a live 12-gauge shotgun shell, found in the trunk under boxing gear. A motion to suppress those items was denied, but at the trial the shotgun shell was excluded upon other grounds to which we will refer later. One of the issues on this appeal involves the denial of the motion to suppress, and defendant Carter, in his pro se brief, contends also that he was prejudiced because the State referred in its opening to the shotgun shell which was later barred from introduction.
Both Carter and Artis were questioned early that morning. Both denied involvement. A detective was permitted to testify to each defendant's account of where he had been that night. The admission of that testimony is an issue on this appeal. Both defendants were released that morning. On June 29, twelve days later, both Artis and Carter testified voluntarily before the Grand Jury after signing appropriate waivers.
Defendants were not arrested again until October, when Bello and Bradley, both involved in other criminal charges, provided evidence directly incriminating the defendants. Bello said it was Carter who carried the shotgun and Artis who held the pistol; that he recognized both at once when he was confronted by them outside the tavern, and that he had withheld this information because of his own criminal activities that night and his fear of retaliation. Bradley, who also saw both men, testified that Carter was one of them. He was unable to say whether Artis was the other.
Both Carter and Artis testified. They produced a number of witnesses in an effort to place themselves at a bar at the time of the murders. It, however, was virtually impossible to establish an alibi, for at all times defendants were concededly within minutes of the murder scene and the moment of the killings could not be established precisely. It is fair to say that the case had to turn upon the State's proof and the defendants' denial of guilt, unaided by the testimony which sought to establish an incompatible presence elsewhere.
*442 I
As related above, the State was permitted to prove the accounts Carter and Artis gave a detective shortly after their arrests of their movements on the night of the homicides. The evidence did not consist of statements signed by defendants. Nor was it even a verbatim record of what was asked and said. Rather it consisted of notes made by a detective who could not write shorthand and who had difficulty staying abreast of what the defendants said, and who did not exhibit the notes to defendants for their confirmation. Thus, in its form, the evidence was poorly prepared. See State in the Interest of Carlo, 48 N.J. 224, 242 (1966); State v. Cook, 47 N.J. 402, 417-418 (1966); State v. Smith, 32 N.J. 501, 549-555 (1960), certiorari denied, 364 U.S. 936, 81 S.Ct. 383, 5 L.Ed.2d 367 (1961). We add that the State failed to seek a pretrial determination of the compatibility of those statements with a joint trial as required by State v. Young, 46 N.J. 152 (1965), which omission, although not fatal, see State v. Gardner, 54 N.J. 37, 42-45 (1969), foreclosed an opportunity for more deliberate consideration of the problem the statements generated at the trial.
At any rate, the affirmative probative value of those oral statements was virtually nil. Their only contribution was the admission by each defendant that he was in the company of the other during a period within which the homicides were probably committed. It was on that basis that the trial court accepted the statements. But that contribution was hardly needed in light of the testimony of the officers which placed defendants in Carter's car at 2:40 A.M., probably within ten minutes after the shootings.
Neither statement was at all inculpatory of either man. Both stoutly denied any involvement. Defendants nonetheless complain that the accounts they gave of their peregrinations earlier that night had certain conflicts which a jury might find to reflect upon the credibility of the other, notwithstanding *443 the trial court's immediate and plain instruction to the jury that neither statement could be used in any wise against the other defendant.
Defendants contend the admission of the detective's testimony violated Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123, 88 S.Ct. 1620, 20 L.Ed.2d 476 (1968). In that case, decided long after the trial of the matter before us, but nonetheless applicable retroactively to it, Roberts v. Russell, 392 U.S. 293, 88 S.Ct. 1921, 20 L.Ed.2d 1100 (1968), the United States Supreme Court repudiated Delli Paoli v. United States, 352 U.S. 232, 77 S.Ct. 294, 1 L.Ed.2d 278 (1957), and held a defendant's constitutional right may be offended if a codefendant's confession, which also implicates the defendant, is admitted at the joint trial even though the trial court instructs the jury that the confession shall not be used against him. The basis of that result was a belief that a jury could not honor such an instruction. The Supreme Court put it this way (391 U.S., at 126, 88 S.Ct., at 1622, 20 L.Ed.2d, at 479):
"* * * We hold that, because of the substantial risk that the jury, despite instructions to the contrary, looked to the incriminating extrajudicial statements in determining petitioner's guilt, admission of Evans' confession in this joint trial violated petitioner's right of cross-examination secured by the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment * * *"
The State answers that, even if the situation otherwise is within Bruton, yet the "right of cross-examination secured by the Confrontation Clause" was accorded, since both Carter and Artis took the stand and each was in fact questioned freely by counsel for the other. State v. Gardner, supra, 54 N.J., at 43-46; Santoro v. United States, 402 F.2d 920 (9 Cir. 1968); Rios-Ramirez v. United States, 403 F.2d 1016 (9 Cir. 1968); People v. Camarillo, 72 Cal. Rptr. 296 (Ct. App. 1968); Lipscomb v. State, 5 Md. App. 500, 248 A.2d 491 (Ct. Spec. App. 1968); State v. Justice, 3 N.C. App. 363, 165 S.E.2d 47 (Ct. App. 1969); see dissent in *444 Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250, 89 S.Ct. 1726, 23 L.Ed.2d 284 (1969); cf. United States v. Guajardo-Melendez, 401 F.2d 35 (7 Cir. 1968), and Bujese v. United States, 392 U.S. 297, 88 S.Ct. 2064, 20 L.Ed.2d 1113 (1968), vacating judgment in United States v. Bujese, 378 F.2d 719 (2 Cir. 1967), and remanding for further consideration in light of Bruton.
But defendant Carter says this answer is inadequate because Artis denied saying some of the things the detective attributed to him, and hence in those respects Carter was "denied" his right of cross-examination. He cites Townsend v. Henderson, 405 F.2d 324 p. 329 (6 Cir. 1968), where the court said:
"The only possible distinction between the present case and Bruton is that in Bruton the codefendant did not take the witness stand, whereas here Terry did testify in his own behalf. But, this distinction is unimportant since, although Terry was called as a witness, he denied making the confession. Townsend therefore had no effective right of cross-examination in regard to the confession. A similar question was presented in Douglas v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 415, 420, 85 S.Ct. 1074, 1077, 13 L.Ed.2d 934 (1965), and it was there held `effective confrontation of Loyd was possible only if Loyd affirmed the statement as his.'"
No doubt the Bruton problem is not obviated merely because a confessing codefendant takes the stand and testifies fully, for if upon the conclusion of his testimony the statement inculpating the defendant is not evidential against the defendant for any reason whatever, the question remains whether the jury could abide by a limiting instruction. Whether, in such circumstances, it is technically correct to say the Confrontation Clause, rather than due process, is affronted, is an academic matter we need not pursue, for it is clear that the situation before us does not harbor the danger with which Bruton was concerned.
None of the portions of the statement Artis disavowed could have incriminated Carter in the least. Indeed, no part of either statement constituted an admission of guilt or in *445 any way inculpated the other defendant. Beyond the admission by each man that he was in the company of the other at about the probable time of the shooting, a fact not contested at the trial, neither statement could have had any meaningful impact. In fact, the prosecutor made but scant reference to those statements in his summation and no effort at all to pit one against the other. The focus of the State's summation with respect to the "alibi" was upon the proof defendants themselves adduced concerning the period from 2:00 A.M. on. The State stressed the shortcomings inevitable when witnesses, all patrons at bars who had no real reason to recall the night in question or to relate casual events to passing time, attempted to pinpoint events.
In this context, we see no problem of Bruton proportions. The Supreme Court indicated what it had in mind and what was beyond its ruling in these terms (391 U.S., at 135-136, 88 S.Ct., at 1627, 20 L.Ed.2d, at 484-485:
"* * * Not every admission of inadmissible hearsay or other evidence can be considered to be reversible error unavoidable through limiting instructions; instances occur in almost every trial where inadmissible evidence creeps in, usually inadvertently. `A defendant is entitled to a fair trial but not a perfect one.' * * * It is not unreasonable to conclude that in many such cases the jury can and will follow the trial judge's instructions to disregard such information. Nevertheless, as was recognized in Jackson v. Denno [378 U.S. 368, 84 S.Ct. 1774, 12 L.Ed.2d 908], supra, there are some contexts in which the risk that the jury will not, or cannot, follow instructions is so great, and the consequences of failure so vital to the defendant, that the practical and human limitations of the jury system cannot be ignored. * * * Such a context is presented here, where the powerfully incriminating extrajudicial statements of a codefendant, who stands accused side-by-side with the defendant, are deliberately spread before the jury in a joint trial. Not only are the incriminations devastating to the defendant but their credibility is inevitably suspect, a fact recognized when accomplices do take the stand and the jury is instructed to weigh their testimony carefully given the recognized motivation to shift blame onto others. The unreliability of such evidence is intolerably compounded when the alleged accomplice, as here, does not testify and cannot be tested by cross-examination. It was against such threats to a fair trial that the Confrontation Clause was directed."
*446 Here there was no confession by either defendant, and neither man in his statement cast a shadow upon the other. The jury was not asked to perform the feat of accepting one defendant's confession as true and simultaneously ignoring its accusation against another. See United States v. Hoffa, 402 F.2d 380, 386-387 (7 Cir 1968); United States v. Lipowitz, 401 F.2d 591 (3 Cir. 1968); United States v. Zeiler, 296 F. Supp. 224, 226 (W.D. Pa. 1969).
And if what here occurred could be thought in some way to be error under Bruton, the error must be deemed to be harmless within the concept of Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250, 89 S.Ct. 1726, 23 L.Ed.2d 284 (1969).
II
As related above, a search of Carter's automobile revealed a live .32-caliber bullet and a live 12-gauge shotgun shell. The trial court denied a timely motion to suppress.
There was no search warrant. The State relies upon the right to search as an incident to the arrest. Defendants deny there was probable cause for the arrest and deny too that the search was incidental to it.
As to the arrest, the trial court correctly held that probable cause existed. Whether the arrest occurred when defendants were ordered to drive in the convoy to the tavern or when they were placed in the police van at the tavern is not critical. Probable cause existed at both times, and the search, which took place after the second event, was incidental to it.
Probable cause has never been defined precisely. As we said in State v. Davis, 50 N.J. 16, 23 (1967):
"* * * It is something less than proof needed to convict and something more than a raw, unsupported suspicion. It is a suspicion (or belief) of guilt that is `well grounded.' State v. Burnett, 42 N.J. 377, 387 (1964); State v. Contursi, 44 N.J. 422, 429-430 (1965). The emphasis is upon a practical, realistic view of law enforcement, in recognition of the primacy of the individual's right to be safe from attack.
*447 Thus Beck v. State of Ohio, 379 U.S. 89, 91, 85 S.Ct. 223, 13 L.Ed.2d 142, 145 (1964), repeats from Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 176, 69 S.Ct. 1302, 93 L.Ed. 1879, 1891 (1949), that the rule of probable cause is `a practical, nontechnical conception designed to afford `the best compromise that has been found for accommodating * * * often opposing interests,' and that
`* * * Requiring more would unduly hamper law enforcement. To allow less would be to leave law-abiding citizens at the mercy of the officers' whim or caprice.'
Beck adds from Ker v. State of California, supra, 374 U.S. 23, 83 S.Ct. 1623, 10 L.Ed.2d 726, that the States may develop `workable rules' to meet `the practical demands of effective criminal investigation and law enforcement,' within the limits of the Constitution. (379 U.S., at p. 92, 85 S.Ct., at p. 226, 13 L.Ed.2d, at p. 145.)"
Here the police were confronted with heinous crimes. Four persons had been shot. Two were dead and two were gravely wounded. An automobile had been used, and thus immediate action was imperative if the hit-and-run killers were to be apprehended. The search was for occupants of a white automobile. There of course is nothing uncommon about a white automobile, but several facts limited the number of suspect cars. To begin with, it was early morning, when traffic had to be relatively light. The police were told the killers were Negroes; that the car bore New York plates; and that the rear lights looked like butterflies. There would not likely be many vehicles in the vicinity which would meet all of those specifics. Finally, when defendants were brought to the scene, Mrs. Valentine identified the car as the one she had observed right after the shooting. Under these circumstances, good ground existed to suspect defendants of the crimes, and to arrest them. That after further investigation the same morning the police decided to release defendants does not militate against this view.
As to the search of the vehicle, the additional facts are these: When defendants arrived under escort at the tavern, a large crowd was present. The police sensibly attempted no search in the street but did seize the car and did remove it to headquarters where it could be searched. The search occurred at 3:45 A.M., which, we gather, was about 20 minutes *448 after the car had been delivered to headquarters and there impounded. Defendants were then being interrogated. It was important to know quickly whether the car held evidence of guilt. The State had to know whether it was pursuing a false lead, and, if it was, it was also to defendants' interest for the State to know this at once.
The Fourth Amendment prohibits only searches and seizures which are unreasonable. The automobile was seized in front of the tavern, as it had to be if evidence of guilt was to be preserved from possible destruction by the suspects or someone acting for them. We do not see how the seizure of the car without a search warrant can be even remotely questioned. The issue then is whether the State needed a search warrant to examine something it had properly seized.
We have held in a series of cases that (1) a search under such circumstances is not so remote in point of time and place to be other than incidental to the arrest, and (2) in any event, the automobile having been seized as an instrumentality of crime and held for its evidential value, there is no more reason to require a warrant to search this instrumentality of crime than to require a warrant "to examine or to test a weapon, or to open the brown bag or valise seized as an instrument used in a bank robbery to see if the stolen money is there." State v. McKnight, 52 N.J. 35, 57-58 (1968); State v. Zito, 54 N.J. 206 (June 26, 1969); State v. Barnes, 54 N.J. 1, 8-10 (1969); State v. Boykins, 50 N.J. 73 (1967); State v. Fioravanti, 46 N.J. 109, 121-124 (1965), certiorari denied, 384 U.S. 919, 86 S.Ct. 1365, 16 L.Ed.2d 440 (1966).
After the argument of this appeal, the United States Supreme Court handed down Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 89 S.Ct. 2034, 23 L.Ed.2d 685 (June 23, 1969), in which a series of cases was repudiated and an earlier concept revived. The result is to limit a search incidental to an arrest to a search for weapons or evidence within the physical reach of the person arrested, thereby to prevent his use of the weapons or destruction by him of such evidence. Beyond *449 that, at least absent some exigency, the police must obtain advance judicial approval of searches and seizures through the warrant procedure.
We do not know what retroactive effect, if any, the Supreme Court will give Chimel. The discussion which follows should not be read to mean that we will accord the case retroactivity beyond that which the Supreme Court may require. Our own disposition is very much against retroactive application of new constitutional concepts, and especially so when they repudiate decisions theretofore relied upon by enforcement authorities.
The majoriy opinion in Chimel referred to Preston v. United States, 376 U.S. 364, 84 S.Ct. 881, 11 L.Ed.2d 777 (1964), but footnote 9 makes it clear that the thinking of Chimel, which involved the search of a home, may not be applied literally to a motor vehicle. That footnote reads (395 U.S., at p. 764, 89 S.Ct., at p. 2040, 23 L.Ed.2d, at p. 694):
"Our holding today is of course entirely consistent with the recognized principle that, assuming the existence of probable cause, automobiles and other vehicles may be searched without warrants `where it is not practicable to secure a warrant, because the vehicle can be quickly moved out of the locality or jurisdiction in which the warrant must be sought.' Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 153, 45 S.Ct. 280, 285, 69 L.Ed. 543; see Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 69 S.Ct. 1302, 93 L.Ed. 1879."
The majority does not reject Cooper v. California, 386 U.S. 58, 87 S.Ct. 788, 17 L.Ed.2d 730 (1967), which upheld a search without a warrant made long after the vehicle was impounded as a forfeitable instrument of crime. See Dyke v. Taylor Implement Mfg. Co., 391 U.S. 216, 221-223, 88 S.Ct. 1472, 20 L.Ed.2d 538, 543-544 (1968). For the reasons we gave in our cases cited above, we are satisfied the search here made comported with the Fourth Amendment.
Automobiles are a major tool of crime. Concepts relevant to a home or other fixed place cannot be applied to a moving vehicle. The Fourth Amendment speaks of "unreasonable *450 searches and seizures." If the "seizure" is reasonable, it would be remarkable to find that "search" of that which has been seized is unreasonable. It would be ritualistic at best to require an application for a warrant to search for the unknown something which a search of the seized car may or may not reveal. Nothing in the phrasing or history of the Fourth Amendment requires that needless restriction upon law enforcement. And, we add, the true issue is not the meaning of the Fourth, but whether the untarnished truth should be suppressed if the Fourth was not satisfied, and this at the expense of the first right of the individual to be protected from criminal attack. We can see no gain here which could compensate for the hurt which suppression of the truth must inflict upon the liberty of the individual. State v. Gerardo, 53 N.J. 261 (1969).
We mentioned earlier a companion point raised by defendant Carter in his pro se brief. The .32-caliber bullet was admitted into evidence, but the 12-gauge shotgun shell was excluded. Carter says he was prejudiced because the State in its opening said it would prove the shotgun shell was in the car. The State's opening statement was made in good faith. The pretrial motion to suppress had been denied. The shotgun shell was excluded upon a different thesis, namely, that although competent and probative, the shell held a potential for prejudice which outweighed its probative contribution. We disagree with that ruling, and see no distinction in this regard between the unspent bullet and the unspent shotgun shell. Both differed from the ammunition actually used, but both could be fired by the weapons which were used. Although the car was a rented vehicle, it had been in Carter's continuous possession for some three months before the fatal events. We state our view on the admissibility of the evidence, not because it answers the complaint before us, for the shell was excluded and we cannot know whether there was some proof Carter would have advanced had the shell been admitted, but rather to emphasize the good faith of the prosecutor's opening statement. The precise question *451 is whether harm should be assumed because the State did not succeed in proving a fact it mentioned in the opening. The jury understood the case was to be decided on the evidence before it. We cannot speculate that the jury nonetheless gave credence to the opening statement despite the State's failure to prove it.
III
We have considered the remaining points pressed by defendants, and find no basis for reversal in any of them. We need mention but some.
The trial court correctly found that defendants were fully informed of their constitutional rights before they gave their oral statements, already mentioned, on the morning of the crimes.
The defense cross-examined Bello on the basis of his statement to the police made on the day of the homicides and his later statement in October when he identified defendants as the offenders. The trial court permitted the State on redirect to refer to other parts of those statements. We see no error in that ruling.
It is contended the trial court interfered with the trial. The record does not sustain the charge. The trial was hotly contested. The case was tried fully, and, we add, at length. The defense was permitted a wide range in its examination of witnesses and argument of legal issues. At times the trial court stepped in to keep matters in hand, but we see no misuse of its discretion. The trial was conducted with fairness.
The remaining point which should be mentioned relates to sentence. Three life sentences were imposed upon each defendant. Two consecutive life sentences were imposed upon Carter, with the third life sentence to be concurrent with the second life term. As to Artis, the three life terms were concurrent. With respect to the claim that there was but one offense, we think it evident that three distinct homicides were committed by separate and distinct criminal *452 acts. State v. Maxey, 42 N.J. 62 (1964). The situation is unlike that in State v. Mills, 51 N.J. 277, 289-290 (1968), where multiple deaths resulted from a single act of arson. Nor does the case involve the problem of State v. Hoag, 21 N.J. 496 (1956), affirmed, 356 U.S. 464, 78 S.Ct. 829, 2 L.Ed.2d 913 (1958), whether an acquittal as to one of several charges should be deemed to establish the defendant's innocence of the companion charge and hence to bar the State from prosecuting the remaining charge. With respect to the imposition of consecutive life sentences upon Carter, the issue is controlled by State v. Maxey, supra, 42 N.J. 62.
The judgments are therefore affirmed.
For affirmance Chief Justice WEINTRAUB and Justices JACOBS, FRANCIS, PROCTOR, HALL, SCHETTINO and HANEMAN 7.
For reversal None.
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Over a dozen scenarios with unique rule sets and locations
A constantly changing environment that provides new challenges and objectives
Evolving technologies and challenges
Overcome the initial challenges of settling colonies on Mars
A new way to experience the game through puzzles instead of head-to-head competition
Before business on Mars started booming, the first pioneers from Earth had just one objective: survive. Play through over a dozen challenging scenarios and overcome the struggles of settling on Mars by aiding the growing colonies and ensuring their healthy futures. In this DLC, the stock market and other business owners aren’t your enemies - instead, you’re fighting against Mars itself.Limited Supply takes a core rule of Offworld Trading Company - buy whatever you want, whenever you want it (as long as you have the cash) - and turns it on its head. Each scenario has a different ruleset and restricts what resources you’re allowed to buy and sell, meaning that you’ll have to constantly reevaluate how to thrive in each new location if you want to survive.In normal games, you need to build up your business and turn a profit in order to buy out your competition. Now, you’ll need to meet a list of objectives set by the colony in order to win and proceed to the next scenario. As you progress, the tech you’ll have access to becomes more advanced - but, so do the colony’s requests!The Limited Supply DLC is a whole new way to experience Offworld Trading Company. Each scenario is a puzzle to be solved rather than a head-to-head showdown against fellow businesses. Can you ensure the future of Mars and become a hero to the colonies?
Copyright © 2018 Mohawk Games and Stardock Entertainment. Offworld Trading Company is a trademark of Mohawk Games. All rights reserved.
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5378 GLS Concealment Paddle and Belt Loop Holster
SAFARILAND
$ 3497$ 34.97
Quantity
The GLS? holster series features a unique retention device in which the middle finger is used to release the firearm. With a proper shooting grip, the middle finger sits directly on the GLS? lever, and during the draw, the lever is depressed allowing for a smooth and easy straight-up draw. GLS? holster models offer a low profile and compact design, perfect for concealability. The low-cut sides allow for a rapid draw and easy re-holstering. The SafariLaminate? construction provides an excellent fit in a durable, lightweight holster.
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5) - sqrt(425)))**2)) + -2 - (4 + -1*sqrt(612))).
-15*sqrt(17)/2 - 7
Simplify 4 + ((((sqrt(2662) - (sqrt(2662) + -2*sqrt(2662)))*-1 - sqrt(2662))*-2)/(sqrt(11) - (1*sqrt(11)*2 - sqrt(11)) - sqrt(55)/sqrt(125)))**2.
217804
Simplify ((sqrt(114) + 4*sqrt(114) - sqrt(114))*-6 + (sqrt(114) - (-3*sqrt(114)*2 + sqrt(114))))/(5*sqrt(216)*3*-5).
sqrt(19)/25
Simplify 2 + -3 + ((1 + sqrt(27) + sqrt(30)/(sqrt(10)*2) + -3*sqrt(192)*1)*2 + -3)**2.
82*sqrt(3) + 5043
Simplify (-3*(sqrt(1088)*-3)**2*-6 - (-1*sqrt(153) + sqrt(136)/(sqrt(8)*2 + sqrt(8)) + 2))*5.
40*sqrt(17)/3 + 881270
Simplify 1*(-4 + (-5 + (sqrt(1100) + sqrt(1100)*2*-3 - (-5 + sqrt(1100) + 2)))**2) + -3.
240*sqrt(11) + 39597
Simplify (-2*sqrt(684) + -4 + sqrt(684) + 4 + (sqrt(684) + -2 - sqrt(684)) - (-4*sqrt(152)/sqrt(8) + sqrt(19) + sqrt(19) + 3*sqrt(304)))**2.
64*sqrt(19) + 4868
Simplify ((-6*(sqrt(66) - -1*sqrt(66) - sqrt(66)) + 3*sqrt(66)*2)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(4)*-5*4) + -5)**2*-1*5.
-125
Simplify 5 + ((-1 + sqrt(475) + 1 + 0 + 1)*-1*-3)**2 + -2.
90*sqrt(19) + 4287
Simplify (0 + sqrt(88)/(-1*sqrt(8)*2))**2 + -5 + sqrt(1331) + sqrt(11) + (sqrt(11) - (sqrt(77) + sqrt(77)*4 - sqrt(77))/sqrt(7)).
-9/4 + 9*sqrt(11)
Simplify ((1*sqrt(190)*2)/((sqrt(60) + sqrt(960))/sqrt(6) + sqrt(10) + sqrt(10)) - (4*sqrt(171)*3)/(sqrt(441)*3 + sqrt(441) + sqrt(441)))**2.
76/1225
Simplify (sqrt(612) + -4 + (sqrt(425) - (sqrt(425) - 3*sqrt(425))) + ((sqrt(17) - (sqrt(17) + 3)) + 2 - 3*(sqrt(17) + -1)))*-1.
-18*sqrt(17) + 2
Simplify (sqrt(1134)*3)/(sqrt(343)*-1) + -2 + sqrt(32) + 5 + 1.
sqrt(2)/7 + 4
Simplify -5*(-2 + sqrt(4)/sqrt(32) + sqrt(2) + -4 + (sqrt(128)/sqrt(4) + 4)*3).
-265*sqrt(2)/4 - 30
Simplify (sqrt(77) + -2*sqrt(77)*-3 + sqrt(77) + (sqrt(77)*-3 - sqrt(77))*-4)/((sqrt(165)/(1*sqrt(3)))/(sqrt(25)/(sqrt(10)/sqrt(2) + sqrt(5)))).
12*sqrt(7)
Simplify (-4 + 2 + -4 + 2 + ((sqrt(432) - (sqrt(432) - sqrt(432)*4)) + -1)*1)**2.
-480*sqrt(3) + 6937
Simplify -3*(3 + (sqrt(420)/(sqrt(30)/sqrt(3)))/(sqrt(18)/(-3*sqrt(3)))*-4 + 3)**2.
-3132 - 432*sqrt(7)
Simplify (sqrt(33) + sqrt(297) + (sqrt(297) - sqrt(297)*3) + sqrt(297) + sqrt(825)*-6 + sqrt(33) + sqrt(33))/(3*1*sqrt(432)*-4).
3*sqrt(11)/16
Simplify (2*((-6*sqrt(1900)*2)**2 + -4) + (sqrt(1900) + (-4 + (sqrt(1900) - (sqrt(1900) + -1)) - sqrt(1900)) + sqrt(1900) + 3)**2 + 4)*2.
1098192
Simplify ((sqrt(32)/(sqrt(648)*5 + sqrt(648))*-3)/(sqrt(162) - 4*sqrt(162) - sqrt(288)*2))**2.
1/421362
Simplify (((sqrt(2058) - (sqrt(2058) - (sqrt(2058) - sqrt(2058)*-1)))*2)/(sqrt(24)*-1 - sqrt(96)*6)*-5)**2.
34300/169
Simplify ((sqrt(91) - (5*(sqrt(91)*2 + sqrt(91)) + sqrt(91)) - sqrt(91) - 5*(sqrt(91) - 3*sqrt(91)))/(sqrt(42)/(sqrt(12)/sqrt(2)*6 + sqrt(6))))**2.
22932
Simplify ((sqrt(99) + 5*(2*sqrt(99) + sqrt(99)))/(sqrt(108)/sqrt(108) - sqrt(9)))**2 - (((sqrt(539) + sqrt(539) + -3)*-6)**2 + sqrt(539) + sqrt(539) + -1).
-71603 + 3010*sqrt(11)
Simplify ((sqrt(432)*2 - sqrt(432)) + -4 + 4)**2 + (sqrt(432)*-2 + (sqrt(3) - (4 + -1 + sqrt(3))) + sqrt(3))*3*4.
-276*sqrt(3) + 396
Simplify ((-1*sqrt(343) - (0 + (sqrt(7) - 1*sqrt(7)))) + 0)**2 - (-2 + sqrt(28)/(sqrt(4)*3)*6)**2.
8*sqrt(7) + 311
Simplify ((sqrt(255)/(sqrt(20)/sqrt(4)))/(sqrt(48)*6) - (sqrt(102)*-1*-5)/(sqrt(42)/(sqrt(28)/sqrt(4))))**2.
240737/576
Simplify (5*sqrt(2541)*-1 - sqrt(2541)*1*3)/((sqrt(3) + sqrt(9)/(sqrt(3)*-1) - sqrt(432)*2)*-6).
-11*sqrt(7)/18
Simplify (-2 + (2 + sqrt(684))*5*5 - (4*-2*sqrt(684) - (sqrt(684) + (sqrt(684) - (sqrt(684) - (sqrt(684) + -1)*-2 - sqrt(684)) - sqrt(684)))))**2.
19200*sqrt(19) + 702916
Simplify (-6*(4 + 5*(3 + (-2*sqrt(325))**2 + sqrt(325)))*4 + 0)*2.
-312912 - 1200*sqrt(13)
Simplify (-3 + 6*(sqrt(1323) + 0) + 3*(sqrt(1323) + -1) + 0)**2 + 2.
-2268*sqrt(3) + 107201
Simplify -3*(-5*3*sqrt(13) + 1 + sqrt(13) + 2)**2 + 2*(sqrt(39)/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(2)) - (5 + sqrt(13)*-2 - sqrt(13))).
-7681 + 260*sqrt(13)
Simplify -4*((3 + (sqrt(2736) - (sqrt(2736) - 4*sqrt(2736)))**2 - sqrt(2736)) + -3)*5 + 5.
-875515 + 240*sqrt(19)
Simplify (-4 + (-1 + sqrt(304) + sqrt(19) - (-5 + 1 + sqrt(19))) + sqrt(475) + 3 + -5)*-2 + -4.
-18*sqrt(19) + 2
Simplify ((sqrt(1152) + (sqrt(1152)*-2*5 - sqrt(1152) - sqrt(1152)))/(1*(sqrt(729) - sqrt(729)*5)))**2.
968/81
Simplify -1*(3 + -3*sqrt(500)*1*3 + 6*(-6*(sqrt(500) - sqrt(500)*1) + sqrt(500)))**2.
-4509 + 180*sqrt(5)
Simplify -3*(5*(sqrt(847) - (sqrt(847) - (sqrt(847) + 2))*6))**2 + 1 + 3.
-74321 - 19800*sqrt(7)
Simplify (4 + (-1*-2*sqrt(448))**2)*-5 - (-5 + (-1*-3*(1 + sqrt(448) - sqrt(448)))**2).
-8984
Simplify ((0 + (6*(sqrt(1539) + -3*sqrt(1539)) - 3*sqrt(1539)*3) + -1)*-2)**2*-2.
-5429600 - 3024*sqrt(19)
Simplify (((sqrt(1331) + 2 + sqrt(1331))*-6 - (sqrt(1331) + -2)*-6 - (sqrt(1331) + (sqrt(1331) + -2 - sqrt(1331))*3 - (sqrt(1331)*2 + 0)))*-6)**2 + -5.
71280*sqrt(11) + 1209559
Simplify (2 + ((1*sqrt(48))/sqrt(8) - (sqrt(6) + sqrt(18)/sqrt(3))*5)/(sqrt(216)/sqrt(12)*-3) + -3)**2.
-2*sqrt(3) + 4
Simplify -5 + (3*sqrt(200)*-6 + (3*sqrt(200))**2 + -3)*1 + -2 + 4.
-180*sqrt(2) + 1794
Simplify (sqrt(6)*1*2 - -1*sqrt(6)*-4)/((-4*sqrt(20)*-2)/(sqrt(10) - sqrt(90)*1)).
sqrt(3)/2
Simplify ((sqrt(65) - 1*sqrt(65))*-6)/(sqrt(5) - 2*sqrt(605)) - -1*(sqrt(208)*1 + 0 - sqrt(208)).
0
Simplify ((-3*sqrt(2057)*-2 + sqrt(2057) + sqrt(2057) + 3)*-2)**2 + 5*2*-6*(-2 + sqrt(2057))**2.
4752*sqrt(17) + 402968
Simplify (5*-1*sqrt(225)/sqrt(5)*-3)/(3*-1*sqrt(225) + (sqrt(225) + ((sqrt(225) + 1*sqrt(225))*6 - sqrt(225) - sqrt(225)) - sqrt(225))).
3*sqrt(5)/7
Simplify 2*((sqrt(700)*-3 + -5*sqrt(63))**2 + (sqrt(5929) + sqrt(5929) + ((sqrt(5929) - sqrt(5929)*-1) + sqrt(5929) - sqrt(5929)) - sqrt(49))/(-4*2*sqrt(7)))*2.
-43*sqrt(7)/2 + 56700
Simplify -1*(3*sqrt(1100) + 0 - (sqrt(88)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(3)) + (-1 + sqrt(11))*-4)).
-33*sqrt(11) + 4
Simplify ((sqrt(190) + (-6*(sqrt(190) - (sqrt(190)*2 - sqrt(190)) - sqrt(190)) - sqrt(190)))/((sqrt(90) + 1*sqrt(90))/sqrt(9)) + 1 + (sqrt(2299) + 3)*4)**2.
1222*sqrt(19) + 42140
Simplify -2 + ((sqrt(120)/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(2)))/sqrt(4)*2)/((sqrt(80)*-2 - sqrt(80))*3 - sqrt(80) - sqrt(80)*1*3).
-2 - sqrt(2)/26
Simplify (((-4*sqrt(40))/sqrt(2))/sqrt(10) + -3 - (5 + 6*(sqrt(242) + -4 - sqrt(242)))**2) + 0.
-364 - 4*sqrt(2)
Simplify (2*sqrt(2816)*2*-1)/(sqrt(324)/sqrt(9) - sqrt(36) - sqrt(36) - sqrt(8)/(-4*sqrt(2) - sqrt(2) - sqrt(2))).
192*sqrt(11)/17
Simplify ((-5 + (2*sqrt(75) + 0 + sqrt(75)*-1 + -4 + 0)*4)*-5)**2 + 0.
-21000*sqrt(3) + 41025
Simplify (-1*(5 + -2 + -2*(-2 + (-3 + sqrt(300))*1) + 5))**2.
-720*sqrt(3) + 1524
Simplify 2 + 6*((2 + 0 + sqrt(343) - ((sqrt(343) - (sqrt(343) - (1*sqrt(343) - sqrt(343)))**2) + 5) - (4*(sqrt(343) + 1)*-2)**2) + -4 + -3).
-130096 - 5376*sqrt(7)
Simplify 3*(6*(sqrt(39) + sqrt(39)*4*-3)/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(2)*4))**2 + 1.
42475/4
Simplify ((3*sqrt(128) + -5 - (sqrt(128) + -1 + sqrt(128)*-1)) + (1*(sqrt(128)*-1 + sqrt(128) - sqrt(128)) - sqrt(128)*-1*-1))**2 + -2.
-64*sqrt(2) + 142
Simplify (-4*(sqrt(190) - ((sqrt(190) - 3*sqrt(190)) + sqrt(190))))/(4*1*sqrt(10)) - -1*(5 + sqrt(1216))**2*1.
78*sqrt(19) + 1241
Simplify (((sqrt(209) + 2*sqrt(209) - sqrt(209))*3*5)/(sqrt(539) + -1*(2*sqrt(539) - sqrt(539)) - sqrt(539)) + -2)*2.
-60*sqrt(19)/7 - 4
Simplify ((sqrt(125)*-1)/sqrt(5) - 5*sqrt(25)*-2)/((sqrt(30)/sqrt(2))/sqrt(3) + sqrt(5) + sqrt(180)/sqrt(9)).
9*sqrt(5)/4
Simplify (2*2*(sqrt(189) - sqrt(189)*-2))/(-1*(sqrt(343) - sqrt(7)) + sqrt(252)*6).
6*sqrt(3)/5
Simplify (-6*(-1 + (sqrt(65)*-3*4*4)/(2*-5*sqrt(10)/sqrt(2))))**2.
-1728*sqrt(13)/5 + 270468/25
Simplify 5 + (sqrt(504)*2 - (sqrt(2016) + 2*sqrt(2016)))/(-5*sqrt(2)*-2 - (sqrt(2) - (sqrt(2) - (sqrt(4)/sqrt(18) - sqrt(2))))).
-9*sqrt(7)/4 + 5
Simplify ((sqrt(255)*1*-2)/(sqrt(5)*1*3))/(((-2*sqrt(48))/sqrt(8))/(sqrt(98)*-2 + sqrt(98))).
-7*sqrt(17)/3
Simplify 3*-6*((-3 + ((sqrt(1331) + 5 - sqrt(1331)) + -2)*-1)**2 + 1)*-5.
3330
Simplify (-4*((sqrt(171) + sqrt(171)*-1 - sqrt(171))*-3 + -1*(2*sqrt(171) - sqrt(171)))/(-1*(sqrt(324) + -1*sqrt(324) + sqrt(324) + sqrt(324))))**2 + -1.
67/9
Simplify (-5*(1 + -2*sqrt(162)) + -4*(1 + sqrt(2))*-4*-1)**2.
-3108*sqrt(2) + 11393
Simplify -2 + -2*(sqrt(720) - (sqrt(720) + 3) - sqrt(720)) + -1 + sqrt(245) + 2 + -4.
1 + 31*sqrt(5)
Simplify (5*(1*sqrt(102) + sqrt(102))*4)/(sqrt(96) + -4*sqrt(96)*-6).
2*sqrt(17)/5
Simplify (((-1 + sqrt(98) + 3
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Q:
How can I find in C++ which child class is calling the function of the parent class?
I have a class A which has a function called openFile(const char * name), which opens a file.
I have two child classes Reader and Writer
Reader opens the file in a reading mode.
Writer opens the file in a writing mode.
I'm using fopen to open the file.
I would like to open this file in either a reading mode or a writing mode, depending on which child class is calling this method.
Is it possible to do this without sending any extra parameters to the parent class?
A:
Of course, something like this is exactly what inheritance is meant to do:
class A {
public:
virtual void openFile(const char* name) = 0;
// If A cannot open a file on its own, else implement it
// rest of implementation
};
class Reader : public A {
public:
virtual void openFile(const char* name) {//open file in read mode}
//rest of implemenation
};
and handle Write analog. Then, given a pointer or reference of type A* or A& pointing or referring to one of the children, the right function will be chosen:
A* a1 = new Reader{};
A* a2 = new Writer{};
a1->openFile("test.in"); // calls Reader.openFile()
a2->openFile("test.out"); // calls Writer.openFile()
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Q:
output after git checkout
After checking out a branch in a repository git always prints a list of roughly 25 files that were deleted long ago. I always just ignored that output but recently I had to do a hard reset, which I assumed would just go back to the last commit, which it did but it also restored those 25 files. Is there some way of removing those files from git? I tried git rm but since they were long deleted that didn't work!
A:
It sounds like you deleted the files from your directory, but never committed the deletions (like Bombe said, with git rm). That's why they came back after the git reset.
Deleting a file is just like any other change, it has to be recorded in the repository (which is what git rm [file] will do).
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FIG. 1 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a prior art junction box for a solar panel that utilizes photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert solar energy into electric power. The junction box 10 includes a plastic box 12 having a base portion 14 for mounting the box to a solar panel 16. A plastic cover 18 engages the box to seal off the inside of the box from moisture, dust and other contaminants. A printed circuit board 20 includes circuitry for making connections between conductive leads from the panel and cables that carry power to a power distribution system. The conductive leads and cables are omitted from FIG. 1 to avoid obscuring the remaining structure of the junction box.
The printed circuit board 20 also includes one or more bypass diodes 22 which are used to prevent damage to the solar panel or other components and improve efficiency under certain operating conditions. The diode 22 shown in FIG. 1 has a plastic package body 24 and a metallic slug 26 which acts as a heat sink to dissipate heat generated within the diode body. The diode 22 is electrically connected to the printed circuit board 20 through wire leads 28.
To prevent damage to the diode if it overheats, the plastic body of the diode is positioned in physical contact with a thermally conductive plate 30 which is bonded to the cover 18. The thermally conductive plate 30 is fabricated from a metal such as copper or aluminum and acts as a heat spreader to distribute heat from the diode across a relatively large surface area of the cover, thereby enabling heat from the diode to be dissipated through the cover of the junction box.
The diode is designed to dissipate heat primarily through the metallic slug which forms a thermal interface with the printed circuit board. Since the printed circuit board only has a limited capacity to dissipate heat, the conductive plate enables some additional heat to be dissipated through the plastic body of the diode, which has relatively low thermal conductivity. Thus, the prior art arrangement of FIG. 1 fails to fully utilize the primary heat dissipating mechanism of the diode, and it provides poor thermal management.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to processes for converting hydroxy carboxylic acids to useful products and, more particularly, to processes for decarboxylating carboxylic acids to produce peracids and other useful products. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for decarboxylating polyfunctional carboxylic acids derived from biomass processing systems in order to produce useful products.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are a wide variety of biomass processing systems which produce waste streams containing substantial portions of lactic acid and other hydroxy acids. Examples of such biomass processing systems include the pulp and paper industry utilizing alkaline chemical pulping methods such as the kraft and soda pulping processes. Cheese whey production also contains substantial amounts of lactic acid. During, for example, alkaline chemical pulping processes, the unavoidable degradation of polysaccharides leads to the production of saccharinic and lactic acids in substantial amounts, approximately 22% of the weight of the initial wood. In addition, saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid are also components of the liquor. These acids, as sodium salts, together with the dissolved lignin compose the spent liquor. Present day wood pulping processes burn these chemicals to recover the salts for reuse in the pulping process. The component having the largest fuel value of the spent liquor is the alkali lignin. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to find some other high value use for the hydroxy acids produced by these processes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,303,488 describes a process for photoelectrochemically converting saturated carboxylic acids, such as acetic and propionic acids, to their corresponding alkanes, methane and ethane respectively. These resultant alkanes can be useful as low value gaseous fuels. Carboxylic acids (RCOOH) can also be electrolytically oxidized to alkanes (RR) or mixtures of alkanes, alkenes, esters and alcohols as exemplified in the text entitled Organic Electrochemistry, edited by M. M. Baizer and H. Lund, pages 435-462, 1985. The electrochemical behavior is a function of the electrode material, current density, solvent system, temperature and pressure. The behavior of polyfunctional carboxylic acids is a complex function of the above parameters and of the susceptibility of the functional group (other than the carboxylate) to the anodic potential.
It has long been known that lower aliphatic peracids can be produced from corresponding aldehydes. Examples of such production are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 2,804,473, issued Aug. 27, 1967, and in a text entitled, Industrial Organic Chemistry by Klaus Weissermel and Hans-Jurgen Arpe, pages 152 and 153, 1978. Alternative schemes for production of peracids involve the reaction of the carboxylic acids with hydrogen such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,101,570 issued in 1978. A further route to peracids is to oxidize volatile aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids and then react these acids with hydrogen peroxide to produce lower aliphatic peracids. Peracids are very useful in the wood pulping industry as bleaching agents. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to produce peracids for use or reuse by the wood pulp industry.
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This invention relates to energy-absorbing deformation structures which include a hollow member and a deformation member of smaller diameter arranged to be deformed into the hollow member upon application of deforming force. Structures of this type are employed, for example, at the ends of longitudinal members of a motor vehicle.
Such deformation structures are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,599,757 and German Patent No. 1 172 558. Those deformation structures include a hollow member having a substantially more rugged configuration than the deformation member. Consequently, only the deformation member is available for conversion of kinetic energy into deformation work by inverting itself into a double walled projection within the hollow member. Moreover, difficulties may arise in this deformation if the deforming force is not applied in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the structure.
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Vacation Condo Rental Description:
This spacious getaway is the perfect escape to Destin Florida’s beautiful beaches! Two large balconies provide magnificent views of the Gulf of Mexico, Lake Stewart, and nearby Seascape Golf Course. You can also enjoy these breathtaking views from every location in the condo, including the third bedroom. Two separate living room areas give everyone space to soak up the soothing colors and atmosphere, and make this home ideal for families travelling together. The allure is enhanced by tiled floors throughout and granite countertops, a large Master bath with Whirlpool tub and Walk-in Shower, and Wet Bar complete with a fantastic stemware collection! Relax after sunset in front of the 42” plasma HDTV or share some time with friends and loved ones in front of the fireplace. Good times and great memories are waiting for you at Empress 904!
The Empress is located north of Scenic Gulf Drive with miles of coast line views which is a perfect location to enjoy our sunrises and sunsets! The Empress has a lake front pool and hot tub and located with in walking distances to several great restaurants including the Whale’s Tail Bar & Grill. Only minutes from world’s largest designer outlet mall, Silver Sands, and the now famous Destin Commons. Sugar white sands and Emerald colored waters are your views from almost every room in this condominium and plenty of room to enjoy your evenings from your two oversized balconies. This is the place to enjoy your next family vacation to Destin!
Just in case you are not familiar with the Destin, Florida area……
Destin Area InformationDestin is well known as the World’s Luckiest Fishing Village largely because of it roots as a top fishing destination and quick access to deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Destin boasts the largest charter fishing fleet in the state of Florida. If you have an interest in charter deep sea fishing – Destin is the place. But, there is much more to Destin than charter fishing. Destin has evolved over the years to be a top beach vacation destination. Featuring sugar white sand beaches and emerald colored water, it is an absolutely beautiful area. The town itself offers many upscale shopping, dining, and entertainment opportunities. Much of the development of the area has been done with luxury lifestyles in mind. Destin also has one of the busiest private airports in the country. There are tons of things to do in Destin, water parks, water sports rentals, parasailing, scuba diving, snorkeling, power boating, sailing, fishing, tennis, shopping, or just plain relaxing on one of the world’s most beautiful beaches. Treat yourself to a great little beach town vacation – Destin, Florida located on Florida’s Panhandle
Additional Features: Community Swimming Pool, Elevator, Community Grill or BBQ, Internet Available
Accommodation and Amenities:
Features:
Air Conditioning
Beach Service (available)
Cooking Utensils Provided
Elevator
Full Kitchen
Gas Grill
Parking
Pool (access)
Appliances:
Blender
Coffee Maker
Dishwasher
Iron and Board
Microwave
Oven
Refrigerator
Satellite TV or Cable TV
TV(s)
Toaster
Washer/Dryer (access)
Activities:
Boating
Cycling
Deep Sea Fishing
Fishing
Golf
Shopping/Restaurants
Swimming
Tennis
Walking
Notes:
Weekly Start Date: Saturday
No rentals will be made to vacationing students or singles under the age of 25 unless accompanied by a parent or guardian at a ratio of no more than 2 children for one adult over the age of 25. NO EXCEPTIONS!
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######
**Appendix 1**: Data sources and eligibility criteria
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Click here for additional data file.
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**Appendix 2**: Supplementary tables A and B
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Click here for additional data file.
Introduction
============
Risky alcohol use is common in high income countries, though there is cultural variation in alcohol use between countries; about one in four people are classified as at risk users, and 9% meet the diagnostic criteria for an alcohol use disorder.[@ref1] [@ref2] [@ref3] [@ref4] Risky alcohol use, defined for example, as more than 14 drinks/week among women and more than 21 drinks/week among men,[@ref5] [@ref6] [@ref7] refers to the level of alcohol consumption at which there might be an increased risk of adverse health consequences, such as liver diseases, cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, mental disorders, and injuries, as well as considerable social costs because of family disruption, violence, traffic incidents, healthcare costs, reduced work productivity, and permanent exclusion from the labour market.[@ref1] [@ref2] [@ref3] [@ref8]
Although risky alcohol use is common in the workforce,[@ref3] little attention has been paid to any association with work. A recent large scale meta-analysis of data from individual participants provided no clear support for an association between perceived "job strain" (an index of work stress) and risky alcohol use.[@ref9] Another work related factor---long working hours---has been associated with several adverse health outcomes that are linked to alcohol use, including cardiovascular diseases,[@ref10] [@ref11] [@ref12] [@ref13] [@ref14] depression and anxiety,[@ref11] [@ref13] [@ref14] [@ref15] [@ref16] sleep deprivation,[@ref11] [@ref12] [@ref16] and occupational injuries.[@ref15] [@ref17] Direct evidence on the association between long working hours and alcohol use, however, is based on relatively small studies with insufficient power to detect weak or moderate associations. Three narrative reviews, published in 1999-2006, summarised findings from up to six studies that reported inconclusive results, some studies showing increased alcohol use among people with long working hours, and other studies observing no relation.[@ref11] [@ref13] [@ref18] To date, there has been no systematic quantification of the link between long working hours and alcohol use.
Meta-analysis is a powerful tool to examine associations between exposures and health outcomes as it is based on a greater range of participants, a larger sample size, and more events than any individual study. A traditional meta-analysis of published studies is a quantitative synthesis of published aggregate data with a limited ability to control for the effects of publication bias (that is, selective reporting of positive findings) and heterogeneity in the methods used (for example, cut-off levels, method of measurement, analytic strategies, etc).[@ref19] Meta-analysis of individual participant data provides an opportunity to deal with these biases by inclusion of unpublished individual level data to the analysis and by standardisation of definitions of the exposures, outcomes, and statistical methods within these data.[@ref20]
We carried out a meta-analysis of 36 published studies with aggregate data (34 cross sectional and two prospective), identified by a systematic review and supplemented with unpublished individual participant data from 27 studies, of which 18 provided data for prospective analysis. We examined whether long working hours are associated with alcohol use cross sectionally, longitudinally, and in relation to sustained risky alcohol use. We also examined whether any association is apparent across sociodemographic groups, geographical regions, and characteristics of the study cohort. Finally, we compared the findings from published studies and studies with unpublished individual participant data to evaluate publication bias.
Methods
=======
Search strategy for published studies with aggregate data
---------------------------------------------------------
We conducted the meta-analysis according to MOOSE guidelines.[@ref21] We performed a systematic computerised literature search in PubMed and Embase (to April 2014). Exposure search terms, used without restrictions, were: "(work and hours) or (working and hours) or (overtime and work) or overtime". Outcome search terms were: "alcohol or alcohols or ethanol or wine or beer or liquor or spirit or alcoholism or (alcohol and dependence) or (alcohol and abuse) or (substance) or (drinking and behaviour) or (alcohol and drinking) or (alcoholic and beverages) or (alcohol and consumption) or (alcohol and misuse) or (heavy and drinking) or lifestyle or (life and style) or (health and behaviours) or (health and behaviour)". We also scrutinised the reference list of all eligible publications and performed a cited reference search of these using the Institute of Scientific Information Web of Science (to May 2014) to identify all studies citing the included studies.
Study selection criteria
------------------------
We included published studies providing aggregate data if they met the following criteria: empirical and peer reviewed study; at least an abstract with estimates and/or full results published in English; individual level exposure and outcome data; examined the association between working hours and alcohol use (reported either by a defined high level of alcohol consumption or as a continuous variable); reported either estimates of relative risk, odds ratios, or hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals or data to calculate these. Cross sectional, case-control, prospective studies, and trials were eligible for this meta-analysis.
Data extraction from studies with aggregate data
------------------------------------------------
We extracted the following information from each retrieved article: name of first author, start of follow-up (year) or publication year if start year not reported, study location (country), population, number of participants, mean follow-up time, mean age or age range, proportion of women, method of assessment and definition of long working hours, proportion of employees with long hours, method of assessment of alcohol use, definition of risky alcohol use (when applicable), proportion of employees with risky use at baseline and proportion of new cases at follow-up, and covariates included in the adjusted models.
Individual participant data
---------------------------
We also identified 28 datasets with relevant individual participant data. Of these, we excluded the Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW) study[@ref22] from the analysis because there were no cases of risky alcohol use among employees with long working hours. Of the remaining 27 datasets, we obtained 15 from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium, which we lead, and 12 from open access data collections. The IPD-Work consortium is a network of investigators established at a meeting in London in 2008 to pool cohort studies with data on work life and health. Individual participant data from 15 cohort studies with measurements of working hours and alcohol consumption were available from IPD-Work. Another source of unpublished data was from open access collections. These were retrieved from collections curated by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR; [www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/](http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/)) and the UK Economic and Social Data Service (<http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/>). These repositories seek research data and pertinent documents from researchers, research agencies, and government entities and process, preserve, and disseminate the data and documents for researchers. We identified 12 additional studies with data on working hours and alcohol use from these two sources (see appendix 1 for a more detailed description). Each constituent study was approved by the relevant local or national ethics committee, and all participants gave informed consent to participate.
In line with previous evidence suggesting ≥55 hours of work a week to be harmful for health,[@ref10] and the European Union Directive of a recommended limit of 48 hours a week,[@ref23] we used the following categories of hours worked: \<35, 35-40 (reference), 41-48, 49-54, and ≥55 hours. In the Helsinki Health Study,[@ref24] weekly working hours were categorised as \<30, 30-40, 41-50, and \>50 in the response format. In our analyses, we used the \>50 working hours group in the Helsinki Health Study to represent the ≥55 hours group and the 30-40 hours group as the reference group.
In all individual participant data studies, information on alcohol use was based on survey responses. We defined risky alcohol use by standard categorisations.[@ref9] One drink was considered equivalent to one unit or one glass of alcoholic drink. Participants were classified as follows: non-use or moderate use (up to 14 drinks/week for women and up to 21 drinks/week for men), and risky alcohol use (\>14 drinks/week and \>21 drinks/week, respectively). According to public health guidelines, these limits define risky alcohol use among men and women in many countries.[@ref5] [@ref6] [@ref7] In the German Socioeconomic Panel Survey cohort,[@ref25] participants were asked how often they drank beer, wine, spirits, and mixed drinks (0=never, 1=seldom, 2=once in a while, 3=regularly); and risky alcohol use was defined as score of 7 or more on the summed score of these four questions. In the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort,[@ref26] risky alcohol use was defined as "binge drinking"---that is, having consumed six or more alcohol units in one evening at least twice during the past month. In the prospective cohort analyses of new onset risky alcohol use, we excluded cases of risky alcohol use at baseline.
Statistical analysis
--------------------
We used a two stage meta-analysis[@ref20] with study specific estimates obtained from published studies with aggregate data and studies with unpublished individual participant data at the first stage. The second stage was an analysis that pooled all the study specific estimates.
### First stage analysis in studies with aggregate data
We converted means, correlation coefficients, and regression coefficients reported for continuous variables to odds ratios according to published formulas.[@ref27] The studies with aggregate data had used different covariate adjustments. In two published studies, the exposure measure was a continuous variable estimating one hour increase in working hours with a dichotomous alcohol use outcome.[@ref28] [@ref29] In these cases, we raised the estimate to the 18th power to get an estimate comparable with that in the individual participant data (≥55 hours *v* 35-40 hours---that is, about an 18 hour difference).
### First stage analysis in studies with individual participant data
We analysed data from the individual participant data studies to generate study level odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals within each study. These analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity (white/ethnic majority *v* other when available), and socioeconomic status, which was categorised as high, intermediate, and low. In the analyses of individual participant data, this three level socioeconomic status variable was based on register or survey based occupational position or educational qualification.
### Second stage analysis
In both types of data, we used random effects meta-analysis to combine the results from the individual participant data analyses and the (converted) estimates of the aggregate data. We used odds ratios as an indicator of effect size and their 95% confidence intervals as an indicator of precision. We examined heterogeneity of the estimates by computing an I^2^ statistic, presented the summary estimates of the random effects analyses, and assessed the possibility of publication bias in the analysis of published studies by using a funnel plot of the estimates against their standard errors and Egger's test for small study effects.
We used cross sectional aggregate and individual participant data for prespecified meta-regression and stratified meta-analyses to examine sex (men only, women only, both), region (Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, Asia), number of adjustment variables (none, sociodemographics, multivariable), and population (random sample of the population, occupational cohort with several occupations, occupational cohort with a single occupation (except physicians), physicians, patients) as sources of heterogeneity between studies. In the prospective analysis the corresponding variables were sex, age (\<50 *v* ≥50), socioeconomic status, region (North America, United Kingdom, other Europe, Australia), sample type (population based/community sample *v*occupational cohort), the baseline level of alcohol use in the cohort (\<9% *v* ≥9%), and participation rate in the prospective cohort (\<75% *v* ≥75%). We used SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) and Stata 13.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) to analyse study specific data and Stata 13.1 for meta-analyses.
Results
=======
Aggregate data from published studies
-------------------------------------
The literature search identified 3409 citations from PubMed and 2314 from Embase, of which 651 were selected for further review (fig 1[](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Of these, 26 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We identified 10 additional eligible studies from a manual search of the references of the retrieved relevant publications (including reviews and books) and the cited reference search of the articles that were selected for meta-analysis. In total, there were 36 eligible published studies with aggregate data, of which 34 were cross sectional and two were cohort studies.
{#fig1}
The total number of participants included in the meta-analysis of published studies with aggregate data was 139 112 in the 34 cross sectional analyses and 6873 in the two prospective analyses (see table A in appendix 2). There were 80 345 men and 61 983 women; in one study (n=3657) sex distribution was not reported. The study entry year/publication year ranged from 1970 to 2013. Only two published studies were prospective.[@ref28] [@ref30] Of all published studies, 13 were from Japan,[@ref31] [@ref32] [@ref33] [@ref34] [@ref35] [@ref36] [@ref37] [@ref38] [@ref39] [@ref40] [@ref41] [@ref42] [@ref43] seven from the United States,[@ref44] [@ref45] [@ref46] [@ref47] [@ref48] [@ref49] [@ref50] four from Canada,[@ref28] [@ref29] [@ref51] [@ref52] three from Australia[@ref53] [@ref54] [@ref55] two from the UK,[@ref56] [@ref57] and one each from New Zealand,[@ref58] Denmark,[@ref59] Taiwan,[@ref60] France,[@ref61] Spain,[@ref62] and Sweden.[@ref30] One study included participants from both Australia and New Zealand.[@ref63] Altogether 11 studies were general population based[@ref28] [@ref29] [@ref30] [@ref40] [@ref43] [@ref51] [@ref52] [@ref55] [@ref58] [@ref59] [@ref60]; physicians (six studies),[@ref47] [@ref48] [@ref49] [@ref54] [@ref56] [@ref61] industrial workers (four),[@ref31] [@ref32] [@ref41] [@ref45] office workers (three),[@ref34] [@ref37] [@ref42] public sector employees (two),[@ref38] [@ref57] nurses (two),[@ref46] [@ref63] transport employees (two),[@ref44] [@ref53] patients (two),[@ref35] [@ref36] information technology engineers (one),[@ref39] police officers (one),[@ref50] managers (one),[@ref33] and university graduates (one).[@ref62] In 15 studies[@ref32] [@ref33] [@ref34] [@ref35] [@ref36] [@ref37] [@ref39] [@ref40] [@ref41] [@ref42] [@ref45] [@ref50] [@ref55] [@ref59] [@ref62] the association between long working hours and alcohol use was not the main topic of the study---that is, either long working hours or alcohol use were covariates, and unadjusted estimates were usually displayed in a descriptive table.
There was large variation in the assessment of working hours in published studies with aggregate data: 20 studies used a threshold of 45 hours a week or higher[@ref33] [@ref34] [@ref35] [@ref36] [@ref37] [@ref39] [@ref40] [@ref41] [@ref43] [@ref46] [@ref47] [@ref48] [@ref49] [@ref54] [@ref55] [@ref58] [@ref59] [@ref60] [@ref62] [@ref63] (the highest threshold being \>80 hours/week[@ref47]) while three studies used \>40 hours[@ref38] [@ref45] [@ref52] and one study used "frequent overtime"[@ref30] (see table A in appendix 2). Of these, 10 studies[@ref36] [@ref41] [@ref46] [@ref48] [@ref54] [@ref55] [@ref59] [@ref60] [@ref62] [@ref63] used standard hours (such as 35-40 hours/week) as a reference group---most often all hours below the exposure group were included in the reference group. In the 12 remaining studies, working hours were treated as a continuous variable.[@ref28] [@ref29] [@ref31] [@ref32] [@ref42] [@ref44] [@ref50] [@ref51] [@ref53] [@ref56] [@ref57] [@ref61]
With the exception of two studies,[@ref28] [@ref29] the studies that treated working hours as a continuous variable also treated alcohol use measure as a continuous variable and reported a correlation or linear regression coefficient between the exposure and outcome (see table A in appendix 2). Two studies calculated the difference in mean alcohol use between groups of working long and shorter hours.[@ref39] [@ref62] Probably in part because of large variation in the definition, the prevalence of working long hours also varied substantially, ranging from 4.1% to 69.8%. Alcohol use was based on self reported frequency from questionnaires or amount of alcohol use, except in one study that used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to determine DSM-IV diagnoses of alcohol use disorders.[@ref58] There was also large variation in the definition of risky alcohol use; and its prevalence between studies ranged from 3.4% to 64.0%.
Individual participant data
---------------------------
The 27 studies with individual participant data (fig 1[](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} and table B in appendix 2) drew on populations from the US (eight studies),[@ref26] [@ref64] [@ref65] [@ref66] [@ref67] [@ref68] [@ref69] Germany (five),[@ref25] [@ref70] [@ref71] Denmark (four),[@ref72] [@ref73] [@ref74] [@ref75] the UK (three),[@ref76] [@ref77] [@ref78] Finland (three),[@ref24] [@ref79] [@ref80] Sweden (two)[@ref81] [@ref82] Australia (one),[@ref83] and Belgium (one).[@ref84] Eighteen studies were population based or community studies,[@ref25] [@ref26] [@ref64] [@ref65] [@ref66] [@ref67] [@ref68] [@ref70] [@ref71] [@ref72] [@ref73] [@ref74] [@ref76] [@ref77] [@ref79] [@ref83] seven were occupational cohorts,[@ref24] [@ref75] [@ref78] [@ref80] [@ref81] [@ref82] [@ref84] and two were samples of college graduates and their siblings.[@ref69] Of the studies, 26 provided hourly data on daily or weekly working hours, and in one study the number of hours was pre-categorised.[@ref24]
The cross sectional data from the 27 individual participant data studies came from 194 581 participants (89 799 men, 104 782 women). The proportion of employees working long hours (≥55/week) at baseline ranged from 0.8% to 20.2% across the studies (overall 7.5%). The prevalence of risky alcohol use at baseline (n=22 857 cases) varied from 2.3% to 38.8%, and the overall prevalence was 11.7%. Eighteen prospective cohorts provided data from a second wave, which allowed us to calculate new onset risky alcohol use. The prospective data included 93 729 participants (36 342 men, 57 387 women), the follow-up time ranged from 3.4 to 21.9 years (mean 6.0 person years), and the proportion of participants with new onset risky alcohol use (n=5878 new cases) ranged from 1.2% to 17.4%; overall new onset was 6.3%.
Cross sectional association between working hours and alcohol use
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The overall pooled odds ratio of the association between long working hours and alcohol use in the meta-analysis of 61 cross sectional studies was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.18). Similar associations were found in the 27 individual participant data studies (1.10, 1.04 to 1.18; fig 2[](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}) and published studies with aggregate data (1.12, 1.02 to 1.22; fig 3[](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). The I^2^ statistics suggested significant heterogeneity among published studies with aggregate data (I^2^=81%, P\<0.001) but not individual participant data (I^2^=18%, P=0.21). The total pooled I^2^ was 72%, with P\<0.001. In the individual participant data, the overall prevalence of risky alcohol use was 11.8%.
{#fig2}
{#fig3}
We examined the potential sources for heterogeneity in the aggregate data: sex (men only, women only, both), region (Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, Asia), covariate adjustments (none, sociodemographics, multivariate), and population (random sample of the population, occupational cohort with several occupations, occupational cohort with a single occupation (excluding physicians), physicians, patients). Meta-regression models provided no evidence that any of these factors explained the heterogeneity (data not shown; all P\>0.11).
To examine whether a stricter definition of the exposure and outcome would provide different results in the cross sectional studies with aggregate data, we carried out a meta-analysis in a refined subgroup of studies that fulfilled the following criteria: the exposure and outcome were categorical; the cut point defining long hours was high enough (that is, it did not include employees with working hours close to standard hours, such as 41 hours); the reference group did not include employees with long working hours (such as 50 hours); the outcome was based on a specific definition of risky alcohol use. Six studies were eligible for this analysis.[@ref36] [@ref54] [@ref55] [@ref58] [@ref59] [@ref60] The odds ratio for risky alcohol use was 1.14 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.47) and the I^2^ was 68.6% (P=0.007; data not shown), again suggesting a similar estimate but with considerably high heterogeneity among published studies.
The funnel plot for published cross sectional studies appears symmetrical (fig 4[](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}) and is not dependent on whether long working hours and alcohol consumption was the main research question in the study or not. No evidence of an association between study size and the estimates was found in Egger's test: 0.12 (95% confidence interval −0.38 to 0.63), P=0.62 for the total data; 0.10 (−0.71 to 0.90), P=0.81 for studies with long hours and alcohol use as the main research question; 0.22 (−0.58 to 1.02), P=0.57 for studies with another main research question.
{#fig4}
Prospective association between long working hours and new onset risky alcohol use
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the meta-analysis of the 18 prospective individual participant data studies and two studies with published aggregate data, participants who used alcohol above the recommended limits at baseline were excluded. The adjusted pooled odds ratio for new onset risky alcohol use was 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.20) for those working long hours (≥55 in the individual participant data studies), compared with those working standard hours (35-40) (fig 5[](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}). The associations were similar in the individual participant data (1.12, 1.01 to 1.25) and two studies with published aggregate data (1.10, 0.66 to 1.84). The I^2^ statistic for heterogeneity was 0% (P=0.96) overall; 0% (P=0.99) in the individual participant data studies and 56% (P=0.10) in the aggregate data.
{#fig5}
We further examined whether the prospective associations were similar in men and women, in older (≥50) and younger (\<50) employees, among socioeconomic groups, in different geographical areas, in different study samples, and different levels of risky drinking (\<9.0% *v* ≥9.0%) in the cohort (fig 6[](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}). The analyses of sex, age, and socioeconomic group were carried out in the individual participant data studies; for geographical region and type of study sample, all prospective studies were included and for the level of drinking, one study with aggregate data[@ref28] provided data. Although the odds ratio among women seemed greater (1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.68) than among men (1.11, 0.98 to 1.25), the difference was not significant (P=0.09). The associations were not dependent on age or socioeconomic group, region, sample type, or the level of risky drinking in the cohort (all P\>0.09 for heterogeneity). To examine whether the association was dependent on sample attrition, we performed the analyses in subgroups with follow-up participation rate of \<75% *v* ≥75%. The corresponding odds ratio in the former group was 1.18 (1.02 to 1.36) and 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) in the latter, with P=0.44 for heterogeneity (data not shown).
{#fig6}
In the individual participant data studies, we examined the association between each working hours category (\<35, 41-48, 49-54, and ≥55) in comparison with 35-40 hours a week associated with risky alcohol use. In the prospective analysis that excluded those who were risky users at baseline (fig 7[](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}), the overall incidence of risky alcohol use was 6.3% and the incidence among those working 35-40 hours was 6.2%. A part time job (\<35 hours) and working 41-48 hours were not associated with new onset risky alcohol use whereas working 49-54 hours was associated with an odds ratio of 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.26; adjusted difference in incidence 0.8 percentage points) and working 55 hours or more was associated with an odds ratio of 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25; adjusted difference in incidence 0.7 percentage points).
{#fig7}
In the corresponding cross sectional analysis the adjusted odds ratio of risky alcohol use was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.02) for \<35 hours, 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) for 41-48 hours, 1.13 (1.05 to 1.22) for 49-54 hours, and 1.10 (1.04 to 1.18) for ≥55 hours when compared with standard 35-40 weekly working hours (data not shown). The adjusted difference in prevalence was 1.5 percentage points among those with 49-54 weekly working hours and 1.1 percentage points among those with 55 hours or more, when compared with the prevalence among employees working 35-40 hours (11.3%).
Finally, we used the individual participant data studies to examine whether long working hours were associated with sustained risky alcohol use among those who were risky users at baseline (data not shown). The odds ratio for sustained risky alcohol use among risky users who worked ≥55 hours at baseline was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.61) compared with those working standard 35-40 hours a week, suggesting a similar though non-significant association to that found for new onset risky use among non-risky users at baseline.
Discussion
==========
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies provides comprehensive evidence of an association between long working hours and alcohol use. Long working hours were associated with 1.11-fold likelihood of higher levels of alcohol use in the cross sectional analysis of 333 693 participants from 14 countries. A similar association (odds ratio 1.12) for new onset risky alcohol use was observed in a prospective analysis of 20 studies including 100 602 participants from nine countries. The associations were not dependent on participants' sex, age, socioeconomic status, geographical region, type of study sample, prevalence of risky alcohol use in the cohort, or participation rate at follow-up. Eighteen prospective studies with individual participant data allowed us to perform a more refined comparison between work hour categories. Compared with the standard (35-40) weekly working hours, working 49-54 hours was associated with an odds ratio of 1.13 and working ≥55 hours a week was associated with an odds ratio of 1.12 for new onset risky alcohol use.
Strengths and limitations
-------------------------
Our systematic review and meta-analysis provides the first quantitative summary estimate of the association between long working hours and alcohol use. This has not been provided in previous narrative reviews.[@ref11] [@ref13] [@ref18] We found only two published studies with a prospective design. Our meta-analysis, however, included 18 prospective cohort studies with unpublished individual participant data, which allowed us to examine the prospective association between long working hours and the onset of risky alcohol use in a large dataset with a harmonised exposure and outcome measurements.
Comparison of published studies with aggregate data and studies with unpublished individual participant data allowed us to account for publication bias, which can bias results from meta-analyses that use only published studies.[@ref19] We observed no evidence for publication bias. Firstly, we found similar associations among both types of study. Secondly, statistical assessment of publication bias among published studies, stratified by whether long working hours and alcohol use was the main or secondary research question, and use of a funnel plot and Egger's test of a small study effect suggested no indication of publication bias.
The present meta-analysis has limitations. With the exception of three published studies that used roster or payroll data,[@ref39] [@ref50] [@ref53] exposure to long working hours was based on self reports and measured only once. Prolonged exposure to long working hours, as identified in repeat data, might carry a greater risk of risky alcohol use than long working hours measured only once. Self reported working hours might involve recall bias arising from the inability of the employees to accurately recall hours worked. Some investigators, however, have shown that self reported work hours is a reliable measure (for example, two week test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient *r*=0.91),[@ref85] [@ref86] and a major bias in longitudinal analysis is likely only if the error in estimating the number of hours worked varies according to alcohol use.
Alcohol use was based on self reported frequency or amount of alcohol used, except in one cross sectional study that used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess DSM-IV diagnoses of alcohol use disorders.[@ref58] Under-reporting of alcohol use has been shown to occur in survey questionnaires[@ref87] and might be particularly common in heavy drinkers. A major bias would occur if under-reporting was also associated with reporting of working hours. Misclassification of alcohol use could have introduced heterogeneity into the meta-analyses.
Furthermore, this meta-analysis was based on observational studies, which are generalisable only within the study context. Despite cultural variations in drinking habits, even between developed countries,[@ref1] our findings regarding long working hours and alcohol use were similar across the different geographical regions examined. Our results are also in accordance with global reports of alcohol use, which have shown large differences in alcohol consumption between countries.[@ref1] We found, for example, that the prevalence of risky alcohol use was lower in the US than in Europe. Although the prevalence of risky alcohol use varied substantially among the cohorts, we found no evidence to suggest that the association between long working hours and alcohol use would be dependent on the prevalence of risky alcohol use in the cohort.
Even though our IPD-Work collaboration includes several major cohort studies in Europe and the two open access databases are large, including cohorts from the US, UK, and Australia, the meta-analysis of individual participant data is based on a convenience sample and does not include all potential data. Thus, availability bias might have affected the findings.[@ref19] Finally, it is not possible to draw causal inference based on observational studies, which means that our data cannot provide direct evidence for policy recommendations.[@ref88] Prospective analyses, however, allowed us to get some indication of temporal order of associations, which is consistent with a causal effect, and partially overcomes the problem of reverse causality (risky alcohol use leading to longer working hours), which can bias cross sectional analyses.
Comparison with previous research and sources of heterogeneity
--------------------------------------------------------------
Previous narrative reviews of long working hours and alcohol use including up to six studies have reported mixed findings.[@ref11] [@ref13] [@ref18] Similarly, we observed substantial heterogeneity among published studies with aggregate data (I^2^=81%, P\<0.001). Importantly, this heterogeneity was not present in the meta-analysis of individual participant data studies with harmonised exposure and outcome measures (I^2^=18%, P=0.21 in the cross-sectional analysis; 0%, P=0.99 in the prospective analysis). None of the potential sources of heterogeneity examined in this study explained the heterogeneity found among the cross sectional studies with aggregate data. We explored whether use of a definition of the exposure and outcome close to that used in the individual participant data studies would remove the heterogeneity observed in the six published studies but found no such reduction (I^2^=68.6%, P=0.007). It seems that the sources of heterogeneity must relate to other differences between published studies with aggregate data.
Interpretation of findings
--------------------------
In this meta-analysis, working very long hours (≥55 a week) was associated with a 1.12-fold increase in the odds ratio of new onset risky alcohol use among employees whose alcohol use was within the recommended limits at baseline. A similar (1.13-fold) association was found among those who worked 49-54 hours a week. To protect employee health and safety, the European Union Working Time Directive requires EU countries to guarantee all workers the right to work a maximum of 48 hours a week, on average, including overtime.[@ref23] This threshold is supported by our analyses. At risk alcohol use has previously been associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis, cancers, seizure disorders, and stroke.[@ref2] A recent meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies using Mendelian randomisation analysis suggested that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, might be beneficial for cardiovascular health.[@ref89]
Possible explanations for the association between long working hours and risky alcohol use might involve the work environment as well as individual characteristics.[@ref90] One view is that alcohol use alleviates stress that is caused by work pressure and working conditions. Working overtime and characteristics such as high demands and lack of control might contribute to stress at work.[@ref91] [@ref92] Although our recent individual participant data meta-analysis found little evidence to support a combination of high demands and low job control as a predictor of risky alcohol use,[@ref9] it remains to be investigated whether a combination of long working hours and low control over work increases the risk. It has also been hypothesised that employees who are not well integrated and supervised by the work organisation are at a higher risk of developing alcohol use problems.[@ref90]
Depression and sleep problems might contribute to the link between long working hours and alcohol use.[@ref16] Other factors, such as personality traits, could confound the association because they might make people work long hours and also be related to a tendency to risky alcohol use. For example, individuals with "type A" behaviour pattern,[@ref93] which is characterised by aggressiveness and irritability and a chronic struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time,[@ref94] can end up in highly competitive jobs and work communities characterised by a "work hard play hard" culture with positive attitudes towards heavy alcohol use.[@ref95] [@ref96] Personality traits of impulsivity and novelty seeking have also been found to be associated with risky alcohol use.[@ref97]
Although the legislation in European countries provides employees with the right to restrict maximum working hours to 48 hours a week, many people still work long hours either as their own choice or because of external pressure to do so.[@ref98] Choosing to work long hours is common among the higher socioeconomic groups, with highly educated managers and professionals expecting dedication to work from themselves and others. This strategy can be highly rewarding in terms of rapid promotions, salary increases, and control over work. On the other hand, involuntary long hours could reflect, for example, financial difficulties and striving for a living wage or coercion. We did not find differences in the association between long working hours and risky alcohol use between socioeconomic groups. It is possible that voluntary and involuntary overtime is more evenly distributed across socioeconomic groups than previously thought.
Conclusions and unanswered questions
------------------------------------
The workplace is an important setting for the prevention of alcohol misuse because more than half of the adult population are employed.[@ref4] Risky alcohol use is an issue in the workplace because it can have adverse and serious effects on employees, such as absenteeism,[@ref80] inefficiency, poor performance, impaired decision making, damaged customer relations, and injuries at work.[@ref2] [@ref3] [@ref4] [@ref8] Brief interventions by healthcare personnel that involve assessment of the individual's drinking habits in combination with feedback about health risks might be useful in efforts to reduce problems with alcohol use in the working population.[@ref4] Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption is more likely to rise to risky levels among employees who work more than 48 hours a week compared with those with standard working hours. In absolute terms, however, the difference between these groups was relatively small because the adjusted incidence in new onset risky alcohol use was only 0.8 and 0.7 percentage points higher among individuals who worked 49-54 and 55 hours or more compared with those who worked standard hours. Further research is needed to assess whether preventive interventions against risky alcohol use could benefit from information on working hours.
### What is already known on this topic
1. The European Union Working Time Directive threshold for long working hours is 48 hours a week
2. Long working hours are thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, sleep deprivation, occupational injuries, and mental health problems
3. The association between long working hours and risky alcohol use has not been systematically evaluated
### What this study adds
1. This meta-analysis of 36 published studies, identified by systematic literature searches, and 27 studies with unpublished individual participant data synthesised evidence on the association between long working hours and alcohol use
2. Long working hours were linked to increased alcohol use in cross sectional and prospective analyses. People working more than 48 hours a week at baseline had 1.13 times higher likelihood of new onset risky alcohol use compared with those working standard hours
3. No heterogeneity was observed between men and women or by age group, socioeconomic status, geographical region, or characteristics of the study cohort
Contributors: MV and MK developed the hypothesis and study design and supervised this study. MJ, MV, SN, IM, and TL performed statistical analyses. All authors contributed to study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting or critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, or in addition, data acquisition. MV and KA performed the literature searches and/or screened papers. MK, TT, RR, and ND obtained funding for the IPD-Work Consortium. MJ, SN, and MK had full access to individual participant data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the unpublished data and the accuracy of the data analysis. MV is guarantor.
Funding: The IPD-Work Consortium is supported by the EU New OSH ERA Research Program (funded by the Finnish Work Environment Fund and the Academy of Finland, Finland; the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, Sweden; the German Social Accident Insurance, Germany; and the Danish Work Environment Research Fund, Denmark); the BUPA Foundation (grant 22094477), and the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, Netherlands. MV is supported by the Academy of Finland (grants 258598, 265174), MK is supported by the Medical Research Council (grant K013351), the Economic and Social Research Council, and the US National Institutes of Health (grants R01HL036310 and R01AG034454), and SN is supported by the Finnish Work Environment Fund. AS is a BHF professor. Funding bodies for each participating cohort study are listed on their websites. The sponsors had no role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of this manuscript.
Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at [www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf](http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf) and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work other than those mentioned above; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
Ethical approval: Each constituent study with individual participant data was approved by the relevant local or national ethics committee, and all participants gave informed consent to participate.
Data sharing: No additional data from our meta-analysis are available. Data for ACL, ALAMEDA, BCS, HILDA, MIDUS, NCDS, NHANES-I, NLSY, NSFH, SOEP, WLSG, and WLSS studies are publicly available to researchers. In addition, most constituent studies of the IPD-Work consortium have an established data sharing policy.
Transparency: MV affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.
Cite this as: *BMJ* 2015;350:g7772
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Galleries
Yesterday someone said to me, “I don’t know if it was sunrise or sunset, but it was beautiful”. So it goes on the R/V Lawrence M. Gould (LMG), the surrounding scenery is incredible but the work schedule on this research ship makes it difficult to remember what time of day it is.
Here on the Antarctic Peninsula, the sun never really sets and our daily schedules are dependent on things like the diel vertical migration of krill, the current wind speed and the amount of sea ice in between us and our study species, the humpback whale. For these reasons, we sometimes find ourselves starting our workday at odd hours, like 11:45 pm (or 4:00 am). As a reminder, I am currently working on research vessel on a project called the Palmer long term ecological research (LTER) project. You can read my first blog post about that here. We are about one week into our journey and so far, so good!
Our journey began in Punta Arenas, Chile, where we spent two days loading our research supplies onto the LMG and getting outfitted with cold weather gear. From Punta Arenas we headed south through the straights of Magellan and then across the Drake Passage. Along the way we spotted a variety of cetaceans including minke, fin, sei and humpback whales, and Commerson’s and Peale’s dolphins. I spent as much of our time in transit as I could looking for seabirds, the most numerous being white-chinned and cape petrels, southern giant petrels, and black-browed albatrosses. Spotting either a royal or a wandering albatross was always exciting. An eleven foot wingspan allows these albatross to glide effortlessly above the water and this makes for a beautiful sight!
We have spent the last four days transiting between various sampling stations around Palmer deep, which is an underwater canyon just south of our home base at Palmer station. When conditions allowed, we loaded up our tagging and biopsy gear into a small boat and went to look for humpback whales. We’ve been incredibly successful with the limited amount of time we’ve had on the water and this morning we finished deploying our sixth tag.
We brought a few different types of satellite tags with us to deploy on humpback whales. One type is an implantable satellite tag that transmits location data over a long period of time. These data allow us to gain a better understanding of the large-scale movement and distribution patterns of these animals. The other tag we deploy is a suction cup tag, so called because four small suction cups attach the tag to the whale. These suction cup tags are multi-sensor tags that measure location as well as fine scale underwater movement (e.g. pitch, roll, and heading). They are also equipped with forward and backward facing cameras and most importantly, radio transmitters! This allows us to recover the tags once they fall off the animal and float to the surface (after about 24 hours). The data we get from these tags will allow us to quantify fine-scale foraging behavior in terms of underwater maneuverability, prey type and the frequency, depth and time of day that feeding occurs.
When we deployed each of these tags we also obtained a biopsy sample and fluke photos. Fluke photos and biopsy samples allow us to distinguish between individual animals, and the biopsy samples will also be used to study the demographics of this population through genetic analysis.
Now that we’ve deployed all of our satellite tags and have recovered the suction cup tag just in the nick of time (!), we are starting our first major transect line toward the continental shelf. We will be continuing south along these grid lines for the next week.
My lab mate Logan Pallin and I will be continuing to write about our trip over the next couple of months on another blog we created especially for this project. You can find it here: blogs.oregonstate.edu/LTERcetaceans
I’d venture to say that I’m not the first field biologist to stare into the distance past my computer for a long while before deciding that trying to describe the smell of a seabird colony in a blog was futile.
My name is Erin Pickett and I am a graduate student at OSU’s Marine Mammal Institute. I am affiliated with the Biotelemetry and Behavioral Ecology Laboratory, a sister-lab of GEMM, and am here to share my recent experience conducting field research in Antarctica.
I’ve recently returned from a field season at Palmer station on Anvers Island, along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Throughout the month of January I was collecting data for my masters’ project, while partaking in an on-going study conducted by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. I was fortunate enough to join the seabird research team at Palmer, a group that has been monitoring the area’s breeding seabirds for over two decades. January is the team’s busiest Antarctic summer month as the seabirds are in the midst of their annual breeding season. Our primary focus was studying the foraging ecology and demography of Adelie penguins; however, we also monitored Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins, southern giant-petrels, brown and south polar skuas, and blue-eyed shags. Before I delve into a description of this research, I’ll tell you a bit more about what it’s like to work in Antarctica.
It became quickly apparent to me that working with a team of experienced field biologists who have spent a collective thirty or so seasons in Antarctica meant that I would be the only one distracted by the scenery. This situation was exacerbated by the fact that I had never witnessed snow falling before I had arrived in Antarctica. I tried to play it cool, but inevitably rolled down every snow-covered hill I came across, and I couldn’t help but stop and stare into the sky every time it snowed.
There might have been some misunderstanding when in an email to a friend I referred to the weather as balmy. By Antarctic standards this was true, the average daily temperature hovered around 35°F. By my Hawaii-born standards, it was only balmy once I donned three or four layers, slipped toe warmers in my boots, and sipped on hot coffee while I hiked up a hill. Still, I considered myself lucky to have escaped my first Oregon winter by travelling south.
At Palmer I quickly learned that birders don’t come in for lunch. I adjusted my rations accordingly, although I have to admit that my “emergency food” in my “emergency boat bag” got eaten despite the fact that no real (non-hunger related) emergencies occurred. Every day after packing lunch and suiting up, we would load a small zodiac with our gear and set off to work on the numerous islands surrounding the station where seabirds were nesting.
One of the main objectives of the Palmer LTER program is to research the effects of climate variability and change on the marine ecosystem surrounding Palmer station. As an apex predator, the Adelie penguin plays a focal role in this project by providing insight into ecosystem-wide changes in the marine environment and the surrounding coastal habitat. Over the last four decades, Adelie penguins on the Western Antarctic Peninsula have experienced a decline of over 85% of their population. During this same time period Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins, who were previously unknown in this area, established founder colonies and they have been increasing in number ever since.
These recent population trends have been alarming and have driven Palmer LTER research objectives aimed at understand the mechanisms behind these changes. The proximal cause behind these demographic shifts is a warming-induced loss of sea ice along the peninsula. Over the last 50 years, the average mid-winter temperature in this region has risen by 6°C (five times higher than rise of the average global temperature). By decreasing the extent, duration and concentration of winter sea-ice, this warming has altered marine primary productivity and transformed coastal habitat along the peninsula.
These transformations have caused the climate along the WAP to more closely resemble the warmer and moister sub-Antarctic, rather than the traditionally cold and arid Antarctic it once was. This has resulted in a southward expansion of the ranges of sub-polar, ice-avoiding species (e.g. the Gentoo penguin) and a contraction of the ranges of ice-obligate species (e.g. the Adelie penguin). The strong influence of sea ice on the ranges of these two species makes it difficult to determine whether sea ice driven marine variability has also influenced these trends. The life history of Antarctic krill, a primary prey item of both Adelie and Gentoo penguins, is intricately tied to the seasonality of sea ice. In regions north of Palmer, decreasing sea ice has resulted in declining krill stocks. In the future, trends at Palmer are predicted to mirror those seen in the northern WAP.
For my master’s research, I am working with the seabird biologists at Palmer station to gain a better understanding of how prey variability affects the foraging strategies of Gentoo and Adelie penguins in this area. Specifically, I will be investigating how the foraging behaviors of Adelie and Gentoo penguins change in relation to inter-annual krill recruitment variability. I will be utilizing a long time series of data collected at Palmer by outfitting Adelie and Gentoo penguins with satellite transmitters and time depth recorders. This data will allow me to describe the foraging behavior and effort expended by these penguins on the daily foraging trips they make to feed their chicks. Determining how each of these species responds to prey variability will help us better understand the current community structure of penguins at Palmer. This is important because it will leave us better informed to predict the effects of future ecosystem shifts on the reproductive success and geographic distributions of these two species.
I’m looking forward to sharing more of this research as time goes on. Until then, enjoy the photos!
Two Adelie penguins making the sea-to-colony commute on Dream Island
A Gentoo parent guarding a two-chick nest. Adelie and Gentoo penguins typically lay two eggs, and depending on environmental conditions, are able to successfully raise two chicks
A humpback whale feeding on Antarctic krill
Birder teammate Kirstie Yeager listens for a call on the radio with Mt. Agamemnon behind her
Southern giant petrels at the top of Hermit Island
A southern giant petrel on Humble Island
The daily commute to a colony of Gentoo penguins on Biscoe Island, which is scenically located at the base of Mt. Agamemnon
After a while the Gentoo chicks started exploring napping rocks beyond their nests
Work involved some technical boat driving and the challenge of learning how to read the local weather
Southern giant petrels demonstrate a lot of variety in both plumage and eye color
Two Gentoo chicks shake it off
A light morph southern giant petrel waiting for its egg to hatch
A Weddell seal sleeps comfortably in the snow
Another Adelie, possibly a non-breeder based on his location at the edge of the colony and his general lack of any other duty apart from investigating my camera
Trying to keep up with the birders. Note the vegetation! I was surprised to find Antarctica is not just ice ans snow.
The BTBEL lab also conducts research on Humpback whales as another component of the Palmer LTER.
An Adelie colony. Note the krill-colored sludge that helps to cement nests together. The smell can carry downwind for miles in an otherwise odorless environment
A southen giant petrel comes in for a landing, a difficult feat for a bird with a wingspan greater than 6 ft
You’d be surprised how much talk (and singing) went on about Queen Elsa’s castle amongst all the scientists on station. To be fair most of them had young children back at home.
A rightly suspicious Adelie penguin pair guarding a small chick
Gentoo penguins return from foraging trips in the evenings on Biscoe Island.
A giant petrel feeding its chick (if you look closely maybe you can identify the bird that’s for dinner)
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Ohio CPS News Archive
Ohio News Coverage
Home-schooled students in Clark and Champaign counties have new opportunities to participate in sports and other activities in their home district thanks to a new state law.
But some local public school leaders have questions about how it might be Incorporated into their current policies and what the law, which technically takes effect Sept. 29, means for fall sports, which begin several weeks before that.
A state lawmaker in Ohio hopes to provide a tax break to property owners who homeschool their children instead of sending them to public school.
Sen. Kris Jordan of Ostrander in central Ohio says that his bill would reduce property taxes for parents who homeschool their children by an amount equal to what they pay for school levies in their local school districts. Jordan also says that the legislation would help those who sacrifice to homeschool a child.
My Health Wealth Team has joined forces with an organic food supplement company located in Westerville, Ohio. My Health Wealth Team is an international organization led by Tom Gruber.
The company vision is to provide the highest quality nutritional products at affordable prices while offering a viable business opportunity that allows part time marketers to earn a full time income and full time marketers to earn a substantial residual income.
Can police officers trick automobile drivers with bogus traffic stops? Cops in a small Ohio town seem to think so, and now they're under attack for trying to sweep the city of drugs using a creative little loophole.
The Mayfield Heights, Ohio Police Department is under fire after the city recently decided to establish a "drug checkpoint" on Interstate 271. Randomly stopping cars and combing them for contraband is illegal, though, so law enforcement has been using the next best thing: fake checkpoints.
Parents of homeschooled children will pay less in property taxes if a novel bill passes in Ohio. Senate Bill 127, which would become effective in 2014, would give homeschoolers a tax credit equal to the proportion of property taxes on their home.
Homeschool families and leaders have mixed thoughts about the proposal. Ohioans for Educational Freedom supports tax credits "since home educating families pay, unfairly, for public education in their property taxes," said Mark Stevenson, the organization's founder and director.
BUCYRUS - It's National Child Abuse Prevention Month but Crawford County Children Services is focused on preventing child abuse all year round.
"People have the misconception that we want to take their children, that we are baby snatchers, and that could not be further from the truth. We offer help to parents who need it with the goal of them being able to keep their children," said Linda Zellner, director of Crawford County Job and Family Services.
Few employees have to be on the move as much as a government case worker in a county child protective or family services office. Unfortunately, many of these offices still use physical files that require the worker to return to the office.
In an effort to keep its employees' heads above the sea of paperwork and allow them to spend more time actually working on their cases, Fairfield County is turning to a mobility solution. Northwoods' Compass CoPilot suite seemed a logical choice -- and not just because the company is headquartered in the next county over (in Dublin, Ohio). The tablet app suite helps workers use their time most efficiently, by keeping notes, dictation recordings and photos all in one place and tagged by case.
Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine is trying to help fix a part of the state's child welfare system that is broken: foster care. Too many young people get shuffled constantly from home to home, guardian to guardian, parents to foster care and back again.
They are denied stability. Some children are reunited too soon with parents who were not yet ready to be parents again. The commission held eight public hearings across the state over the course of a year. Its recommendations include: -- Creating a central registry of medical records for children in foster care. -- Inviting children in foster care to attend their court hearings when they are of an appropriate age. -- Narrowing the state's Planned Permanent Living Arrangements law, which requires foster parents to reunify children with their birth parents. The report calls for "legislation to limit the permanent living arrangement to those who are truly in a permanent living arrangement."
Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine released recommendations Monday from his Foster Care Advisory Group to encourage positive changes and focus on the safety and well-being of children in the foster care system.
The group convened in December to recommend solutions to issues raised at DeWine's Child Safety Summits held in eight cities throughout the state. DeWine held the summits and a day-long Foster Youth Symposium last year to discuss issues related to child safety and foster care.
Ohio should reduce the number of times a child enters and exits the foster care system and give foster parents more input into court proceedings involving children in their care, according to a set of recommendations by Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine.
The system governing court-appointed lawyers who look out for foster children's interests should be improved, mentoring for foster children should be boosted and the system should allow foster children to participate in basic childhood activities - such as sleepovers at friends' houses - that are currently prohibited, according to recommendations by the Ohio Foster Care Advisory Group. The state should create a central medical registry to allow doctors access to a child's medical records regardless where they are in the system.
A 64-year-old Independence man has been charged with possessing and distributing child pornography, and officials have called a meeting tonight for parents whose children may have had contact with him.
Authorities say Johnston was a foster parent and also was active in a Boy Scout troop or camp. Officials do not know which troop Johnston was involved in. At the meeting representatives from the NKY Children's Advocacy Center will talk to parents about how to approach their children about the possibility of inappropriate contact with Johnston.
Ohio's reliance on local funds to provide child welfare services ranging from adoption to child abuse investigations creates inequity that a coalition of county children services agencies hopes to solve with a $70 million infusion of state dollars.
The Public Children Services Association of Ohio, a coalition of the state's 88 child welfare agencies, asked members of the Ohio House of Representative's Finance Committee this past week for an additional $70 million in the next two-year budget to fairly finance child welfare services. State dollars equal 10 percent of all child welfare funding - one of the lowest percentages in the country.
IMA - Despite $1.7 million in cutbacks since 2007, Allen County Children Services has been able to handle an increasing number of child abuse and neglect reports, according to a 2012 Annual Report released Wednesday.
"We knew when the economy was starting to falter, people were starting to lose jobs, we knew to expect an increase," Ferris said. "We didn't know how much, but an increase was coming. So as we had openings developing in the agencies, that had reduced funding; we had been able to restructure accordingly so that we didn't see any decrease in front-level program staff."
Abused or neglected teenage girls become teen mothers at nearly five times the national rate of teen motherhood. the journal Pediatrics, shows that teen childbirth rates are more than 20 percent for abused and neglected teens.
In this first ever prospective study of teen pregnancy (one that follows a group over time), Dr. Noll studied teen girls between 14 and 17, assessing them annually through the age of 19 to track their sexual activities, possible pregnancy and motherhood. About half of the teenagers in the study were recruited from child protective service agencies for having been abused or neglected within the past 12 months. The other half consisted of "comparison" teenage girls who had not experienced abuse or neglect but were similar in terms of age, income, minority status and family constellation (one- or two-parent households).
Patti Jacobs first saw it on Christmas Eve 2007. She was called into the office at Warren County Children Services, where a handful of crying small children had been taken away from their parents, who had been busted for heroin trafficking.
That marked the beginning of a surge of heroin-related cases at Warren County Children Services. "And it's gone downhill ever since. We are just inundated with these children. It's horrific," Jacobs said. In Warren County - a primarily white, upscale area - only 6 percent of the cases in 2008 referred for ongoing services were related to heroin abuse. In 2011, that figure jumped to 73 percent. That's 106 cases involving 170 children.
My late husband and I dreamed of having a farm. You know, a little piece of earth that we could pass along to the kids and they could always call home. The trouble is, we were flat broke. No, we were less than flat broke.
Nevertheless, I knew that if we worked hard and saved our money we could still make it happen. On the weekends, we couldn't really afford to do anything, so we would drive around the countryside and talk about our dreams. We wanted a big house and a yard for the kids to play in. One day we found this house, sitting in the middle of a field, empty. It was pretty big, it had a barn that was made from real logs split in two.
According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, as of Tuesday, water levels in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron have reached their lowest levels since record-keeping began, nearly 100 years ago.
Concerns had already been raised since the end of last summer, due to a combination of last year's warm, dry La Nina winter, followed by low rainfall amounts coming into the Great Lakes region due to the drought in the United States, and a late start to the snowy weather this winter. These natural effects are possibly enhanced by climate change, as greenhouse gas emissions continue to turn the global temperature up, however there is a more direct man-made reason that contributes to the low water levels.
Guo is known for his recent work fostering relationships between China and Toledo, efforts that have already seen Chinese businessmen purchase a few hotels and homes in the Toledo area.
"As I talked to Simon and his interest in Toledo and the Maumee River, it came immediately to my mind that the Maumee is nice, but the lake is superior," Hunt said. "I told him if they liked the water so much, that Sandusky being on the lake is wonderful."
In any given month, roughly 12,000 children in Ohio are in foster care, separated from their biological parents for their protection. Fifteen percent of them spend four years or longer in foster care before they are reunited with family or are adopted.
Unfortunately, a growing number of the children, a higher percentage than the national average, reach age 18 and "age out" of the child protective system, without ever being adopted. The statistics suggest a rough transition to adulthood and independence for these young people who carry the physical and emotional baggage of family dysfunction. About 25 percent will not have earned a high school diploma at the time they can legally to be on their own. Fewer than 2 percent ever complete college. More than 50 percent will be homeless at least once; and about 30 percent of them will end up behind bars at some point.
ROCK CREEK, Ohio - After stinging election defeats for the education reform movement in Idaho, Indiana, Michigan and other states, a lot of supporters are left searching for an inspiring story to rejuvenate their spirits.
Meet Sarah Fowler. The 24-year-old former egg farmer was homeschooled her entire life by her parents in rural northeast Ohio. The humble girl-next-door recognized the state's education system needed a different kind of leadership, and mounted an amazing last-minute, 92-day campaign for a vacant seat on the state board of education.
Many people have heard of foster parenting and adoption of children through a county Children Services agency, but what is treatment foster parenting?
It's temporarily providing a home for a child who has emotional or behavioral issues, frequently brought on by abuse or neglect by their biological family. The requirements to be a treatment foster parent are: at least age 21; a strong support system to help cope with stress and crisis situations; transportation; and Ohio residency.
MANSFIELD -- One key to reducing child abuse and neglect in troubled Richland County families is to strengthen those units to overcome potential problems.
That's one of the goals for Richland County Children Services -- a measure by which the child protective agency has experienced some success. Two agency leaders will explain those successes during a presentation Oct. 24 at the annual statewide Public Children Services Association of Ohio conference in Columbus.
GREATER AKRON - Officials at Summit County Children Services (SCCS) are asking voters to renew the SCCS' existing levy for another six-year period in the Nov. 6 General Election.
The levy, according to SCCS Executive Director John Saros, provides 60 percent of the agency's operating funds. "It represents a whole host of programs that we are mandated to provide to the community, such as investigation, protective services, case management, placement, out-of-home care for children and foster and relative care, group homes, resident care - all those services we pay for," Saros said. "Beyond that, if a child is permanently legally separated from their family, we have adoption programs and independent living programs to help a child establish permanency in their lives."
ELYRIA - Rayshaun Powell, the father of three of Erica Perez's children, has filed a lawsuit against Lorain County Children Services and the caseworkers involved in his children's case, alleging that their actions put his children's lives in jeopardy.
Powell, who is currently incarcerated at Lorain Correctional Institution on a rape charge, was in jail when Perez, to whom he is married, was charged with seven counts of child endangering in July after police found her home in disarray and seven of her children dirty and neglected. Another child had been staying with relatives and was not at the home.
ELYRIA - On July 5, when police found seven children living in a filthy house in Lorain, Lorain County Children Services acted quickly - obtaining emergency custody of the children and arranging for family members to care for them.
But as details of Children Services' involvement with the mother, Erica Perez, came out - that the agency had a long history with her and a caseworker just a few months earlier had noted dismal conditions in the home in a report - the question arose: Why were the children still there?
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Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Singapore children: a hospital-based study.
A 6-year (1990-95) hospital-based retrospective study was carried out to investigate the pattern of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. Cases with Hib isolated from sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or joint aspirate) were identified from the hospital's microbiological records, and their reviewed case records. Patients with pyogenic meningitis in the same study period were also identified to estimate the incidence of Hib meningitis. Twelve patients had positive cultures from sterile sites, of whom nine children were less than 5 years of age. These included seven cases of meningitis, one patient with acute epiglottitis, and one case of pneumonia. Three of the seven patients with meningitis had significant long-term sequelae. Our data also suggests a relatively low proportion of ethnic Chinese children with invasive disease. It was estimated that 18.4% to 41.1% of pyogenic meningitis in children admitted to the National University Hospital were due to Hib. The estimated annual attack rate of invasive Hib disease was at most 3.3 per 100 000 children aged less than 5 years (95% confidence interval: 2.6-3.5/100 000). : Invasive Hib infections are relatively uncommon in our community. This justifies the need for a cost effectiveness study before a universal Hib vaccination program is implemented.
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Mouchonière M., Le Pottier G., Fernandez X.,
The effect of current frequency during waterbath
stunning on the physical recovery and rate
and extent of bleed out in turkeys, Poult. Sci. 78
(1999) 485-489.
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Archive with tag: glass knobs for dresser lowes
Home Depot Bathroom Sinks With Cabinet
Bathroom Storage Cabinets Wall Mount
Kitchen
Kitchen Sink Drain Gasket
Kitchen
Samsung Kitchen Appliance Packages
Kitchen
Best Cleaner For Kitchen Cabinets
Kitchen
Bridge Faucets For Kitchen
Bedroom
Glass Knobs For Dresser
With the first day of spring just around the corner, many of us are eager to jump into the new season. There may still be snow on the ground where you live — in which case, save this list for later — but gardeners in many areas can get started now with post-winter cleanup and getting gardens ready for spring. Read on to see how to salvage plants, when to cut back to encourage new growth and a surprising reason why you should wait to mulch beds.
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Grow Hoodie - Marine Stripe
Love your staple hoodies but can’t stand replacing them after just one or two seasons? Well, I certainly hear you 🙋🏻♀️ and that’s why this design is so popular. With an oversized hood, cross front, and classic colours - you can’t go wrong adding this to your wardrobe
Designed to grow with your child, this hoodie will last through several seasons, if not years. Simply roll the cuffs to achieve the smallest size, then unroll as they grow! Made with the perfect bamboo spandex French Terry. Durable enough to last through the months (and years) while still looking fab
Features:
• Ethically made right here in Moncton, NB 🇨🇦
• Made from super soft, stretchy & sustainable bamboo;
• Oeko-Tex certified;
• Longevity. No need to switch out hoodies every few months (or years!). These will last through several seasons of wear.
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So begins a New York Times Sunday magazine story that features Hada Flores, a 22-year-old Houstonian of El Salvadoran origin who graduated from YES College Prep in 2003, went on to Stanford and has since returned to H-Town to teach at YES.
It’s the sort of inspiring story that we have come to expect from YES, an extraordinarily successful homegrown charter school that caters to predominantly poor, minority students.
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DeKalb Interim CEO Lee May Will Not Run
The AJC reported today that the interim CEO for DeKalb County, Lee May, will not stand for election to a full term this year.
“It was a trying time. No one wants to see your name plastered in the paper,” said May, now two-and-a-half years into a “temporary” tenure as CEO. “Ultimately the decision I’m making is one that my wife and I have made, and we’re not feeling pressure from anyone.”
May’s decision could be a signal that Michael Thurmond will run for the job, which would crystallize the field. Thurmond, a former Georgia labor commissioner who most recently led DeKalb’s public school turnaround following its near-disaccreditation, had a substantial lead over other potential CEO candidates in an HEG/Apache poll conducted last month. Thurmond and May are also friends. One might infer that May knows something of Thurmond’s plans, though the former U.S. Senate candidate has not formally announced his intentions.
A Thurmond run might cause other candidates to re-evaluate their plans as well.
Meanwhile, Attorney General Sam Olens has issued an unofficial opinion on the removal of Harmel Codi from DeKalb’s audit oversight board, calling it unlawful. Olens’ opinion said that an incumbent can only be removed “through compliance with the established statutory procedures, which may include providing the incumbent with notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the reasons for the removal.” Olens also said that the reasons given by State Sen. Gloria Butler, leader of DeKalb’s senate delegation, either did not apply to Codi or were not satisfactory reasons for removal by statute.
The audit oversight board is tasked with recommending a powerful internal auditor for DeKalb County government, one that would be required to report financial irregularity immediately to the public as it is discovered and could not be removed by the county government. Codi, an outspoken critic of DeKalb government practices, ostensibly drew Butler’s disapproval when she called for Lee May’s resignation … though Butler has yet to answer direct questions about the timing of her move to replace Codi on the board.
Olens’s opinion is unofficial. Codi has pledged to participate in audit oversight board meetings as a member. The board canceled its meetings after Codi’s removal. We have yet to see if Olens’ opinion will be respected, and how the board will proceed.
Not saying that May was in any way complicit, but it appears there’s nothing wrong with a $4,000 government check payable to an elected official of that government cashed by someone else at a liquor store, based on the GBI declining to take action concerning the Bowers investigation.
Speaking of the Bowers investigation, it’s impressive what $850,000 can deliver, don’t you think?
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The present invention relates generally to communication receivers and, more specifically, to a Transmission Parameter Signaling (TPS) decoder in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers.
The following disclosure will describe a digital video broadcasting (DVB) receiver for digital terrestrial television (DTV). The concepts are equally applicable to any other channels of transmission of DTV receivers and to other receivers or standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). These may include but not be limited to wireless standards worldwide, such as wireless LAN 802.11a and g, HIPERLAN/2, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T), Digital Video Broadcasting for handheld (DVB-H), 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access, etc. The European terrestrial DTV standard DVB-T (ETS 300 744) is based on COFDM technologies to combat multipath fading. See ETSI EN 300 744 V.1.4.1 “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing structures, channel coding, and modulation for digital terrestrial television.”
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram for a typical DVBT receiver. The digital signal processing for a DVBT receiver can be partitioned into three portions. The first portion 10 includes an RF front end 12, and A/D converter 14, an OFDM demodulator 16, a demodulation 18 and a pilot and TPS decoder 19. This receiver front-end signal processing portion performs receiver training, including various synchronization and channel estimation and OFDM demodulation. The second portion 20 is the DVBT receiver back-end signal processing block. It performs DVBT inner channel decoding and outer channel decoding. The third portion 30 is a MPEG Decoder. An example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,315.
The Transmission Parameter Signaling (TPS) is a signaling scheme used in DVB type systems, such as DVB-T and the coming DVB-H, to carry signaling information to the receiver the parameters related to the transmission scheme, i.e., channel coding and modulation. In DVB-T, the TPS signaling is transmitted in parallel on 17 TPS carriers for the 2K mode and on 68 carriers for the 8K mode. Every TPS carrier in the same symbol conveys the same differentially encoded information bit. The TPS is defined over 68 consecutive OFDM symbols (one OFDM frame), each OFDM symbol conveys 1 TPS bits, and each TPS block (transmitted over 68 OFDM symbols) contains 68 bits. Every TPS carrier in an OFDM symbol is DBPSK modulated and conveys the same message. The DBPSK is initialized at the beginning of each TPS block.
In the OFDM receiver front-end signal processing 10 of FIG. 1, each received OFDM symbol is extracted from the received data sequence at proper sampling timing and symbol timing instances. The extracted OFDM symbol I/Q in time domain will go through the OFDM demodulator 16 (an FFT operation) to generate the subcarriers in frequency domain. The OFDM symbol in frequency domain will go through channel correction to remove the channel effects. At the DVB receivers, the TPS DBPSK decoding/demodulation is performed on the subcarriers after the channel correction. Each received TPS block will go through BCH error decoding to get the error corrected TPS information bits. The TPS information bits are used to set up the receiver parameters to enable the receiver to function properly.
The TPS reception must be extremely reliable and robust in the presence of noise and fading. There are two levels of protection defined for the TPS transmission scheme. First, the TPS transmission is equipped with frequency diversity: 1 TPS bit is transmitted on 17 scattered subcarriers in an OFDM symbol for the 2K mode, so if selective frequency fading exists, there is a good chance that not all of the scattered 17 subcarriers are in deep fading, it is still possible to demodulate the correct TPS bits. The BCH(67,53,t=2) error correction coding provides the second layer of error protection for each TPS block. It is designed to correct up to two error bits in one encoded TPS block.
However, it is found in DVB system simulation that even with the above two levels of protection for TPS transmission as defined in DVB specification, TPS reception failures still occur intermittently in severe fading and high noise conditions. One example is that the conventional TPS reception algorithm fails sometimes at SNR=6 dB and Rayleigh fading channel.
Due to computational complexity and high MIPs required for the DVBT receiver, until recently, DVBT receivers have been implemented in hardware using ASICs. In the case of multi-protocol communication systems, the hardware implementation becomes less attractive due to extra chip cost and PC board area consumed. In this disclosure, an improved software implementation of a DVBT receiver is described. In this design, all functions associated with the DVBT receiver may be implemented in software in the Sandbridge Technologies Multithreaded SB9600 processor. The device may be used in hand-held devices, such as mobile phones and PDAs.
The present receiver includes an A/D converter for converting received analog signals to a digital signal data stream and an OFDM demodulator for producing a set of complex I and Q components of subcarriers from the digital signal data stream. A CSI estimator for estimating Channel State Information (CSI) from the sets of complex I and Q components and a TPS decoder for decoding TPS data from the sets of complex I and Q components using the CSI are provided. The receiver may also include a Viterbi decoder for decoding the sets of complex I and Q components using the CSI.
A method of decoding TPS data in a receiver includes estimating CSI from the sets of complex I and Q components of subcarriers of an OFDM signal demodulated in the receiver; and decoding TPS data in the sets of complex I and Q components of subcarriers using the CSI. The method may further include Viterbi decoding the sets of complex I and Q components using the CSI.
These and other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of the disclosure, when considered in conjunction with accompanying drawings.
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Dana Howard (television)
Dana Howard is a former reporter at KXTV in Sacramento, California and News10 anchor (1992-2010).
Biography
Dana Howard was born in Los Angeles, California and grew up in the nearby suburb of South Pasadena. Before joining News10 in late 1992, he worked at WWL-TV in New Orleans, Louisiana from 1988-1992 and at KHSL-TV in Chico, California from 1985-1988, and an Assignment Editor at KPIX CBS 5 News in San Francisco. In his more than 20 years of working in broadcast news, Dana has won multiple Emmy Awards and Associated Press Awards along with Best of the West, New Orleans Press Club and RTNDA.
Dana graduated at the University of the Pacific in Stockon in 1980 with a degree in Biology and Communications and has two children, Dana currently lives in Elk Grove, California with his wife.
References
Category:Television anchors from Sacramento, California
Category:New Orleans television reporters
Category:Living people
Category:1958 births
Category:People from Elk Grove, California
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My Nonprofit Reviews
ScottyD1111
Volunteering with TheACY the last three years has been instrumental in helping me heal through any residual weight of guilt and grief related to an accidental death that I was directly involved with three years prior. Their recognition that everyone has a unique healing process was appreciated, and their emphasis on art therapy is effective and empowering. The organization provides valuable tools to the many people working through the death of someone close, both children and adults alike.
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Increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the lung of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats.
Recently, increased expression of inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, has been reported in both humans and animal models with CDH and the decreased TNF-alpha expression in CDH lung after antenatal dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 are induced by several inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha. The aim of this study was to investigate pulmonary ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in CDH lung in rats and to determine the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid. CDH model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation. In control animals, the same dose of olive oil was given without nitrofen. Dex (0.25 mg/kg) was given on day 18.5 and 19.5 of gestation. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the relative amount of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression. Fluorescein immunohistochemistry using anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibody was performed using light and confocal microscopy. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 immunoreactivity were markedly increased in CDH lung compared to controls. Dex downregulated the expression of both adhesion molecules in the hypoplastic lung. Increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression in hypoplastic lungs would suggest that the increased local synthesis of pulmonary adhesion molecules may induce respiratory distress in CDH. Decreased expression of adhesion molecules in CDH lungs after Dex treatment suggests that antenatal glucocorticoids therapy may improve pulmonary immaturity and associated respiratory distress in nitrofen-induced CDH lung.
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Vanadium dioxide undergoes a transition temperature is around 68°C. It is a change of crystallographic structure, from monoclinic (M phase, semiconductor) at temperatures below *T* ~c~ to tetragonal (R phase, metal) at temperatures above *T* ~c~ \[[@B1]\]. As a result, VO~2~ materials have been considered for a variety of potential applications such as energy-efficient window coatings \[[@B2]\], thermal sensors \[[@B3]\], cathode materials for reversible lithium batteries \[[@B4]\], and electrical and infrared light switching device \[[@B5], [@B6]\]. There are also several methods that have been reported to synthesize VO~2~ nanocrystalline, including physical vapor deposition, aqueous reduction, ion implantation, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel \[[@B7]\], excimer-laser-assisted metal organic deposition (ELAMOD) \[[@B8]\], magnetron sputtering \[[@B9]\], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) \[[@B10]\], pulsed laser deposition (PLD) \[[@B11]\], vacuum evaporation \[[@B12]\], and hydrothermal \[[@B13]\], and reduction hydrolysis \[[@B14]\]. However this technique needs long reaction time, high temperature treatment, and complicated processing.
Microwave assisted synthesis is a novel method of synthesis \[[@B15]\] and it is a rapidly developing research area. In this system, an understanding of the microwave interaction with materials has been based on the concept of dielectric heating and the resonance absorption due to rotational excitation \[[@B16]\]. The microwave method provides the advantage of uniform, rapid, and volumetric heating. In microwave synthesis, the growth rate of products is very high for small particle sizes and, nearly always, the product exhibits a narrow particle size distribution as a consequence of fast homogenous nucleation \[[@B17]\]. The benefits expected from the use of microwaves are not only energy saving due to volumetric heating but also the prospects of developing novel materials with improved properties that cannot be fabricated by conventional methods. A variety of materials like carbide, nitride, sulfides \[[@B15], [@B18]\], and complex oxides have been synthesized by microwave irradiation method. These materials are of industrial and technological importance \[[@B16]\].
In view of this, the pure phase VO~2~ (M) was fabricated via a simple solution-based process \[[@B19]\] and we employed microwave irradiation method for evaporation of solution. It is shown that the irradiation durations required are remarkably short. Various operational parameters have been varied systematically so that a deeper understanding of the mechanism of nanoparticle formation is obtained. These parameters include the influence of temperature, concentration of reagents, digestion time, thermal treatments using conventional oven, and the effect of microwave treatment. The objective of this study is to characterize the influence of microwave field on the sequence of phase transformations in VO~2~ (M). The properties of the synthesized VO~2~ (M) powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
2. Experimental {#sec2}
===============
2.1. Synthesis of VO~2~ (M) Nanoparticles {#sec2.1}
-----------------------------------------
The VO~2~ (M) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple solution-based process using NH~4~VO~3~ the source of vanadium and oxalic acid (H~2~C~2~O~4~ · 2H~2~O) as reducing agent. All of the chemical reagents used in the experiments were of analytical grade. A 0.5 g portion of NH~4~VO~3~ was firstly stirred with 50 mL of hot water (60°C). Then oxalic acid was added to the suspension during heating. The pH value was measured as 2. The solution turned yellow and then blue, indicating the reduction of V^5+^ to V^4+^. The mixture was stirred continuously for 30 min and then the above solution was dried by microwave oven. Microwave irradiation was varied between 180 and 600 W. The dry solid is amorphous at this stage. Therefore, in comparison with the microwave method, the sample was also prepared by the conventional oven heating method that was dried below 100°C. This material can be converted to VO~2~ (M) by calcination in an inert environment. The dried powder was calcined at different temperatures (400--700°C) with a heating rate of 5°C min^−1^ in a flow of nitrogen gas for 1 h.
2.2. Characterization {#sec2.2}
---------------------
The morphology of nanostructures was investigated using a FEI Quanta 400 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a JEOL JEM 2010 transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out on a Phillip X\'Pert MPD. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment of VO~2~ powders was performed using Perkin-Elmer DSC-7 with a heating rate at 5°C min^−1^. DTA measurements were carried out on Perkin-Elmer DTA-7. The samples were heated from 100°C to 700°C at a heating rate of 5°C min^−1^ in nitrogen atmosphere.
3. Result and Discussion {#sec3}
========================
3.1. Effect of Microwave Treatment on DTA {#sec3.1}
-----------------------------------------
DTA curves of the precursor are shown in [Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}. The DTA data indicate that the weight loss of the precursor began at about 322°C and ended at about 407°C. There were four peaks of losing weight on the DTA curve, which demonstrated the formation of two intermediates in the thermolysis process of the compound. There were endothermic peaks at 322.47, 325.02, 330.55 and 330.1°C, respectively, on the DTA curve of the precursor which were due to thermolysis effects. The exothermic peaks synthesized by using oven and microwave powers of 180, 300, and 600 W occurred at 406.78, 404.70, 406.61, and 401.77°C, respectively. This temperature correlated with the crystallization of V~2~O~3~ and V~4~O~7~ powders. According to the XRD pattern in [Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, the crystallization of vanadium dioxide powders began around 400°C.
XRD patterns of vanadium dioxide powders dried by microwave irradiation powers at 300 W are shown in [Figure 2(a)](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}. The as-prepared vanadium dioxide powder, even after drying at 300 W, was found to be vanadium oxalate (VOC~2~O~4~) in amorphous form. The possible reactions in the solution and the decomposition of the intermediate are listed as follows \[[@B20], [@B21]\], $$\begin{matrix}
{2\text{N}\text{H}_{4}\text{V}\text{O}_{3} + 4\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{2}\text{O}_{4}} \\
\left. {}{}\quad\quad\longrightarrow\left( \text{NH}_{4} \right)_{2}\left\lbrack \left( \text{VO} \right)_{2}\left( {\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4}} \right)_{3} \right\rbrack + 2\text{C}\text{O}_{2} + 4\text{H}_{2}\text{O} \right. \\
\end{matrix}$$ $$\begin{matrix}
{\left( {\text{N}\text{H}_{4}} \right)_{2}\left\lbrack \left( \text{VO} \right)_{2}\left( {\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4}} \right)_{3} \right\rbrack} \\
\left. {}{}\quad\quad\longrightarrow 2\text{VO}\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4} + 2\text{N}\text{H}_{3} + \text{CO} + \text{C}\text{O}_{2} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O} \right. \\
\end{matrix}$$ $$\begin{matrix}
\left. \text{VO}\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4}\longrightarrow\text{V}\text{O}_{2} + \text{CO} + \text{C}\text{O}_{2} \right. \\
\end{matrix}$$
3.2. Effect of Microwave Treatment, Oven Treatment, and Calcinations Temperature on VO~2~ (M) Phase {#sec3.2}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XRD patterns of vanadium dioxide powders dried at microwave irradiation powers and calcined at different temperature for 1 h are shown in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. For all samples prepared at 400--500°C are V~2~O~3~, V~4~O~7~, and V~3~O~5~. The monoclinic phase of VO~2~ (M) was formed via drying with microwave at 300 W and calcined at temperatures of 500 and 600°C. Increasing microwave irradiation power to 600 W, VO~2~ (M) peak intensity decreased and the monoclinic VO~2~ (M) converted to corundum V~2~O~3~ and V~3~O~5~, while the V~2~O~3~ and V~3~O~5~ were formed via oven drying and calcination at 600°C. In addition, when the calcination temperature rose to 700°C, the mixed phase of VO~2~ (M) and V~4~O~7~ was found.
As compared to the conventional oven method, the microwave method is faster because in microwave method the waves coupled directly with the molecules that are heating, leading to a rapid increase in the temperature \[[@B16]\].
Typical XRD patterns are shown in [Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}. Based on the above temperature analysis, the calcination temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 700°C were designed for the preparation of nanocrystalline VO~2~ (M). At the same microwave power (300 W), it could be seen that the peaks VO~2~ (M) were observed only at calcination temperature above 500°C, indicating that crystalline VO~2~ (M) particles were successfully prepared after calcinations. The mechanism of phase transformation is independent of the method of heating \[[@B22]\].
[Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"} shows that the XRD patterns of vanadium oxide powders prepared by the microwave heating at different microwave irradiation powers and calcination at the temperature of 500°C for 1 h. It can be seen that the diffraction peaks of samples obtained after microwave irradiation at 300 W and calcination at temperature of 500°C can be indexed to monoclinic VO~2~ and the monoclinic structure can be able to convert into another crystalline material when treated with higher microwave power.
The XRD pattern can be readily indexed as the monoclinic crystalline phase of VO~2~ (M) with calculated lattice constant *a* = 5.76476 Å, *b* = 4.53173 Å, *c* = 5.38200 Å and *a* = 5.75853 Å, *b* = 4.50136 Å, *c* = 5.39756 Å, respectively, which corresponds to VO~2~ (M) (JCPDS 01-082) (crystallographic information is shown in [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}). Only monoclinic phase was detected from XRD pattern via microwave heating at 300 W and calcination at 500 and 600°C. However, a mixture of vanadium oxide is obtained when using another condition.
3.3. Effect of Microwave Treatment on Morphology {#sec3.3}
------------------------------------------------
[Figure 5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"} depicts SEM pictures of vanadium oxide powder dried by the oven heating and the microwave heating at different wattages (180--600 W) and calcination at temperatures of 400°C and 500°C. From the micrograph, it was observed that the particles were agglomerated but were almost uniform in size. The particle morphology observed was spherical with uneven shapes in powders dried by microwave irradiation at 300 W. It seems that the smallest particle size was obtained with the microwave heating at 300 W while the agglomeration of small flake-like particles formed at power 600 W. Furthermore, the influence of higher calcination temperature on grain growth was clearly observed. The microwave treatment reduces the particle size and increases the homogeneity of the materials. This is due to the enhanced surface enrichment due to thermal agitation of liquid molecules in microwave field. The apparent change in the material yields improvement which results in the evolvement of new material phases. Microwave treatment is thus a rapid approach that has the capability to control the particle shape and particle size \[[@B26]\]. It was concluded that microwave treatment improved the monoclinic crystalline structure of the vanadium dioxide.
Scanning electron micrographs of the vanadium oxide obtained by microwave heating at power 300 W also show a grain coarsening with the increasing calcination temperatures ([Figure 6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}). The micrograph of powder calcined at 400°C has a particle with a 0.1-0.2 *μ*m size distribution. Between 400 and 500°C, there is no significant morphology change. The vanadium oxide prepared at calcination temperatures of 400 and 500°C exhibits similar morphological features (e.g., size and shape). On increasing the calcination temperature to 600°C, recrystallization and agglomeration of the primary particles occurs. It is noteworthy to mention that the crystallite size of the vanadium oxide does increase after 500°C.
TEM micrographs of VO~2~ (M) nanopowders are shown in [Figure 7](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}. Figures [7(a)](#fig7){ref-type="fig"} and [7(b)](#fig7){ref-type="fig"} show that the powder consisted mainly of spherical particles and the particle size was found to be less than 50 nm. [Figure 7(c)](#fig7){ref-type="fig"} shows the lattice-resolved TEM images. The fringe is around 0.327 nm, which corresponds to the *d* spacing of the (011) plane of monoclinic VO~2~ (M) phase \[[@B23], [@B24]\].
3.4. Effect of Oxalic Acid Loading on Phase Transformation {#sec3.4}
----------------------------------------------------------
In [Figure 8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}, it was found that VO~2~ (M) was formed by calcinations at temperature 400°C, where the molar ratio of NH~4~VO~3~ and oxalic acid was kept at 2 : 3. Oxalic acid could not totally reduce NH~4~VO~3~ to VO~2~ (M) when the ratio was less than 2 : 3. It should be noted that oxalic acid was necessary for the formation of VO~2~ (M). With the Microwave heating of the NH~4~VO~3~ solution without oxalic acid, sample powders formed exclusively without any VO~2~ (M) ([Figure 9(a)](#fig9){ref-type="fig"}). The suitable amount of oxalic acid plays the important role as coordinating ligand or reducing agent helping the formation of VO~2~ (M). It was found that the molar ratio of 2 : 2.8 is suitable for the sample prepared by microwave heating at power 300 W and then calcined at 500°C for 1 hour ([Figure 9(d)](#fig9){ref-type="fig"}).
The phase transition temperature of VO~2~ (R/M) was determined by observing the change of some property during heating process and the hysteresis property was defined by the corresponding change that occurred during heating and cooling processes \[[@B25]\]. The DSC curves in [Figure 10](#fig10){ref-type="fig"} described the phase transition of pure phase VO~2~ (M) and showed the hysteresis of the phase transition between phase VO~2~ (M) and VO~2~ (R) during heating and cooling. During heating process, the endothermic peak appeared at 70.40°C and the exothermic peak appeared at 60.70°C during cooling process. These transition temperatures shifted from the ordinary figures of 67-68°C due to the agglomeration of the synthesized nanopowders which required more thermodynamic energy to transform phase from monoclinic to rutile.
4. Conclusions {#sec4}
==============
This is the first time that preparation of nanocrystalline VO~2~ (M) has been achieved by a microwave irradiation-assisted process using the precursor vanadium and oxalic acid as reducing agents. Thus, it would be concluded that the applied microwave powers also do affect the formation of monoclinic phase structure of VO~2~ synthesized powders. In microwave synthesis, the growth rate of products is very high for small particle sizes. It indicates that microwave has improved the crystallinity of the particles. This method can reduce the synthesis time. The adoption of the microwave method offers chances to generate new material structures that cannot be obtained from conventional methods. Microwave irradiation at power 300 W and calcination in an inert gas atmosphere at temperature of 500°C for 1 h promote the uniformly formation of VO~2~ (M). Morphology and structure of nanostructured VO~2~ (M) have been controlled by microwave irradiation power and dosage of an oxalic acid.
The authors are pleased to acknowledge CENE Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Energy at Prince of Songkla University and National Research Council of Thailand for their financial support. They thank the Scientific Equipment Center, Prince of Songkla University, for helping in characterization of the samples.
Conflict of Interests
=====================
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
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######
Summary of grain size and phases of vanadium oxides after calcinations of the microwave assisted samples at different temperatures.
Temperature of calcinations (°C) Microwave power Phase from XRD Grain size calculated using Scherrer equation (nm)
---------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
400 Oven V~2~O~3~ + V~4~O~7~ 56.6
180 W V~2~O~3~ 42.7
300 W V~2~O~3~ 42.5
600 W V~2~O~3~ 24.3
500 Oven V~2~O~3~ + V~3~O~5~ 42.2
180 W V~2~O~3~ + V~3~O~5~ 41.5
300 W VO~2~ (M) 41.6
600 W --- ---
600 Oven V~2~O~3~ + V~3~O~5~ 42.6
180 W --- ---
300 W VO~2~ (M) 41.6
600 W V~2~O~3~ + V~3~O~5~ 42.5
700 Oven VO~2~ (M) + V~4~O~7~ 41.6
180 W --- ---
300 W VO~2~ (M) + V~4~O~7~ 55.5
600 W VO~2~ (M) + V~4~O~7~ 41.5
######
Lattice parameters of VO~2~(M) analyzed by XRD.
Lattice parameters/materials *a* (Å) *b* (Å) *c* (Å) *c*/*a*
------------------------------ --------- --------- --------- ---------
VO~2~ (M) 300 W-MW 500°C 5.76476 4.53173 5.38200 0.9336
VO~2~ (M) 300 W-MW 600°C 5.75853 4.50136 5.39756 0.9373
VO~2~ (M) (JCPDS 01-082) 5.75290 4.52630 5.38250 0.9356
[^1]: Academic Editors: K. Kalishwaralal, G.-R. Li, and M. Sasani Ghamsari
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The field of this disclosure relates generally to adhesive compositions and, more particularly, to adhesive compositions that contain thermally conductive carbon-based materials that are also electrically insulated. Other aspects of the disclosure relate to methods for using such adhesive compositions and methods for their preparation.
Manufacture of electronic devices conventionally requires use of adhesive compositions. The adhesive compositions are used to attach electronic components (e.g., chips and resistors) to a target surface within the device such as a mounting surface or heat sink surface. It is desirable, in some instances, to use a thermally conductive adhesive composition (i.e., a composition that transmits heat well) so that the heat generated by the electronic component may easily pass through the adhesive to a heat sink (e.g., an aluminum or copper alloy in the device) and overheating of the device may be prevented.
Thermally conductive materials are typically also electrically conductive. As a result, when a portion of the adhesive (and particularly the filler material of the adhesive such as various metals) in conventional electronic devices dislodges due to age or repeated transport of the device (e.g., as in handheld devices or devices used in transportation), the electrically conductive components of the adhesive may contact an active region of the device and may cause the device to short-circuit. Such events may potentially cause failure of the device. Furthermore, if the composition of the adhesive is adjusted to increase its thermal conductivity (e.g., by incorporation of greater amounts of metal), the electrical conductivity of the adhesive may increase to a point at which the adhesive becomes electrically conductive causing a short-circuit of the device. Accordingly, the material is often packaged in ceramic or plastic packaging which increases the cost of the device.
A need exists for adhesive compositions that are not electrically conductive but which have a high thermal conductivity, allowing for transfer of heat from a heat generating component to a heat sink. A need also exists for processes for preparing such adhesive compositions and for using the compositions in electrical devices.
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Q:
Acces denied in windows git server
I created a repository --bare in one machine (server), in the others I'm trying to do the push , but I have that errors
if I create a repository in the client just with git init (client) and add the remote, when I do the push, i get this
error does not appear to be a git repository could not read from
remote repository please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exist
If I try to clone the repository I get this.
permission denied keyboard-interactive fatal could not read from remote
Im using autentication with ssh password and using putty the ssh configuration is working good;
For the ssh I´m using copSSH
A:
I solved the problem I miss to set .git in the end of my --bare folder name , I changed from "myrepo" to "myrepo.git" and all works perfect.
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---
http_interactions:
- request:
method: get
uri: http://ps.pndsn.com/publish/pub-a-mock-key/sub-a-mock-key/0/demo/0/%22jD7oBAEbIHm+mq2nTOBp6pcaDS2y5uRe8DGvtPzs0Ek=%22?auth=ruby-test-auth-client-one&ortt=%7B%22t%22:14660948105955470%7D&pnsdk=PubNub-Ruby/4.1.0beta2&seqn=1&uuid=ruby-test-uuid-client-one
body:
encoding: UTF-8
string: ''
headers:
User-Agent:
- HTTPClient/1.0 (2.8.0, ruby 2.3.0 (2015-12-25))
Accept:
- "*/*"
Date:
- Thu, 16 Jun 2016 16:33:30 GMT
response:
status:
code: 200
message: OK
headers:
Date:
- Thu, 16 Jun 2016 16:33:30 GMT
Content-Type:
- text/javascript; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Length:
- '30'
Connection:
- keep-alive
Cache-Control:
- no-cache
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:
- "*"
Access-Control-Allow-Methods:
- GET
body:
encoding: UTF-8
string: '[1,"Sent","14660948106999042"]'
http_version:
recorded_at: Thu, 16 Jun 2016 16:33:30 GMT
recorded_with: VCR 3.0.1
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Q:
Is there to make the login screen appear on the external display in 18.04?
On Ubuntu 18.04, I have connected my laptop to an external display and I am able to set the external display as primary and external display only mode. But when I turn on my laptop or log out from my session the display login screen is displayed only on my(internal) laptop screen. But once I login the display switches to external only and my laptop screen turns off as expected.
Is there a way I can make the login screen appear only on the external screen on bootup or on logout as in 16.04? Also the login screen does not follow my cursor as in 16.04.
A:
This is a known and reported bug with gdm3. The current workaround appears to be:
Go into Settings > Devices > Displays and configure your monitors the way you want for your login screen (in your case, internal laptop display disabled). Click the "Save" button when done.
Copy your user's monitors.xml file into the home folder for gdm user.
To copy the monitors.xml file, open a terminal and perform the following:
sudo cp ~/.config/monitors.xml ~gdm/.config/monitors.xml
sudo chown gdm:gdm ~gdm/.config/monitors.xml
Then, reboot and see if your changes persist. If this doesn't work, try going through the whole process again. It took me two times in order to get it to stick. I was also able to reboot with my external display disconnected and it switched back to my internal laptop display. I rebooted again and reconnected it and it switches back to my external monitor.
Hope this helps!
A:
This Solved my Isuue:
Go into Settings > Devices > Displays and configure your monitors the way you want for your login screen (in your case, internal laptop display disabled). Click the "Save" button when done.
Copy your user's monitors.xml file into the home folder for gdm user.
To copy the monitors.xml file, open a terminal and perform the following:
sudo cp ~/.config/monitors.xml ~gdm/.config/monitors.xml
sudo chown gdm:gdm ~gdm/.config/monitors.xml
And in the /etc/gdm3/custom.conf uncomment
WaylandEnable=false
A:
I too have an external monitor. This worked for me:
Set your display mode as desired using Settings > Devices > Displays
Open a terminal window by pressing CtrlAltT and then type:
sudo cp ~/.config/monitors.xml /var/lib/gdm3/.config
Hit Enter
Reboot the computer
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Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph-1)-targeted bone anabolic agents for osteoporosis.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph-1), the principal enzyme for peripheral serotonin biosynthesis, provides a novel target to design anabolic agents for osteoporosis. Here, we present a design, synthesis of a novel series of ursolic acid derivatives under the guidance of docking technique, and bioevaluation of the derivatives using RBL2H3 cells and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Of the compounds, 9a showed a potent inhibitory activity on serotonin biosynthesis. Further investigations revealed that 9a, as an efficient Tph-1 binder identified by SPR (estimated KD: 6.82 μM), suppressed the protein and mRNA expressions of Tph-1 and lowered serotonin contents in serum and gut without influence on brain serotonin. Moreover, oral administration of 9a elevated serum level of N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), a bone formation marker, and improved bone microarchitecture without estrogenic side effects in ovariectomized rats. Collectively, 9a may serve as a new candidate for bone anabolic drug discovery.
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Q:
Version of saxon9ee-api.dll that will compile on .NET 3.5
The most recent version of saxon9ee-api.dll needs .NET 4.0. What is the newest version that works with .NET 3.5?
A:
According to the documentation (see the "Installing on .NET" page) Saxon versions up to 9.5 worked on .NET 2.0, versions from 9.6 document a dependency on .NET 4.0. I suspect that coincides with when we moved from IKVM 0.45 to IKVM 7; alternatively we might have changed the documentation simply because we were no longer testing on .NET 2.0 and therefore no longer felt able to assert that it would work. In fact the dependencies of IKVM on particular .NET versions seems to be a slightly murky area, and I suspect the question "what can I get to work?" has a rather more complex answer than the question "what is supported?"
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Sunday, August 21, 2005
In a recent post on Aberdare Online, the British Nationalist Liberal Democrat Parliamentary and Assembly candidate for the Pontypridd constituency, as well as the Vice Chair of the Rhondda Cynon Taff Lib Dems - Cllr. Mike Powell - called Plaid Cymru voters 'scum' and 'sickos'.
4,420 people voted for Plaid Cymru in the Pontypridd Constituency at the last general election, and 5,286 voted Plaid Cymru in the 2003 Assembly elections. All sickos according to Brit Nat Mike.
The British Nationalist Labour Party got 20,919 votes at the last General election, with Cllr. Mike Powell in second place, and Plaid Cymru in fourth (with it being a two horse race between Plaid and Labour at the Assembly elections). British Nationalist Lib Dem Cllr. Mike Powell's tactic of attacking Plaid Cymru voters in Pontypridd therefore seems rather strange considering that the British Labour Party have a large majority in the seat!
Seems that the British Nats right, left and centre are sticking together in Pontypridd to attack the only party that puts Wales first! Who are the real scum?
5 comments:
Just received this email from Brit Nat Lib Dem Mike, I'll post it here as I don't think that Mike knows how to use the comments tab
"I note that your web blog or whatever it is called, has posted either deliberate lies or merely some skewed wishful idea of what plaid hoped would be believed as the truth.
Now if you care to get someone who is able to read and understand what I posted on the Aberdareonline and Ponty Town web sites Nick, my post was regarding a supposed plaid supporter using what I deemed as a typical plaid attempt to get some publicity by attacking others under the guise of being "PC" and using an anti Iraqi War meeting.
Each to their own, but as acommitted opponent of the, as far as I am concerned, illegal war in Iraq as is my Liberal Democrat Party, I do find it obnoxious in the extreme when a person who refuses to post his or her name casts doubt upon the valididty of our convictions in the hope of gaining some needed political support, much the same as the BNP try to do actually, so I hope you will give the poster who posts under the sudonym Valley Boy a wide bearth.
Oh and incase you are unable to get someone to point out the subtleties of what I posted can I reiterate here, I called the supposed plaid supporter, Valley Boy, scum, I did not call anyone else other than Valley Boy scum, and trust me I stand by it too, but then who is valley boy?
Oh and post an appology to both myself and the good people of Pontypridd for your, at best misguided, at worst libellous, accusations as to their voting abilities and my honest postings.
As as far as I am concerned the good people of Pontypridd, be they voting or not are far more deserving than you will ever know Nicholas and deserve an appology and a removal of your incorrect weblog post.
Sorry Mike, but the headline of your post on Aberdareonline states 'Plaid Scum', you also attack Plaid Cymru, and their activists on a daily basis on various online forums. There are NO lies in what I posted, and it will remain for all to see! Maybe you should think before typing in the future? ;-)
PS. Your email was sent to my trash folder by the Yahoo junk mail filter! Oh, the irony!
About Britnat Watch!
We are proud Welsh Nationalists not affiliated to any political party, dedicated to exposing the corruption, and failure of the three main British Nationalist Parties in Wales (Labour, Conservatives and Lib Dems).
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2 Of Paris Climate Negotiators Lay Out 2 Scenarios In Their New Book
LULU GARCIA-NAVARRO, HOST:
You don't have to look far to see the effects of the climate crisis all around us - in Australia with the recent devastating fires that annihilated wildlife and clogged the skies with smoke; in Miami, threatened with rising sea waters and stronger storms; here in D.C. right now, where spring is arriving almost a month early, and there was barely any snow this winter. And with all this evidence comes a feeling for many of despair. What can we do?
In the new book "The Future We Choose: Surviving The Climate Crisis," two of the lead negotiators of the Paris climate agreement lay out two scenarios - one where we do nothing and another where we adapt and act. We're joined now by Christiana Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac to talk about these two possibilities. Christiana joins us from her home in San Jose, Costa Rica.
Welcome.
CHRISTIANA FIGUERES: Thank you very much, Lulu. Wonderful to be on your show.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Wonderful to have you. And Tom joins us from London.
Welcome.
TOM RIVETT-CARNAC: Thank you very much. Great to be here.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: I want to talk to you today, actually, about what we can do because we've heard a lot about what's happening, but you discuss in this book the idea of a green planet, of a better future where people have relinquished their cars and there are more trees. Christiana, how does that happen?
FIGUERES: We have to be able to consciously decide that we will rally all our innovation, all our creativity, all our ingenuity in order to collectively - because individually, it's impossible - collectively be able to address climate change in a timely fashion. So that is the first thing. Then we have to prepare for this internally before we go out and do the physical measures that we actually also have to engage in.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Well, tell me what some of those things are for people who are listening. I mean, what are the things that we can do? And then I want to go on to talk about some of the challenges that we face on different levels - in business and in government. But what can we do as individuals?
RIVETT-CARNAC: So in the immediate short term, there are a range of different things. One of those is around food. Eating meat is something we have become habituated to. But actually, it is having a devastating impact on the planet. Just deciding to remove meat from a day a week or a meal a day is a hugely positive step and improves health anyway.
We can also pay real attention to how we move ourselves. We can shift our mode of transport to public transport, to electric vehicles where possible. And we can also pay attention to things like where our money is invested. Pensions have huge power to actually shift the future. And so we can ask questions of the trustees that hold our money if we have pensions, and that can have a major impact on the world.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: But Tom, can this happen under the current situation? In 2017, President Donald Trump pulled the United States out of the Paris Agreement. How do you accomplish the goals of cutting emissions to zero by 2050, for example, when you have world leaders saying climate change is a nonissue?
RIVETT-CARNAC: Well, look. World leaders are obviously fundamental to this, and what Donald Trump has done is appalling, as far as we're concerned, in terms of pulling out of the Paris Agreement. But let me answer your question a slightly different way. Right now, 49% of global GDP is already covered by a net-zero by 2050 target. That is - either it's a country or a state or a region or an investor or a business that has made a commitment to get its emissions to net-zero by 2050.
Now, that is what is required by science. Interestingly, with the U.S., the U.S. is with it - in with a fighting chance of still meeting its commitments that were made under President Obama in Paris because of the leadership that's been shown by states, by businesses, by regions, by all these other players in the economy. So it's not true that nothing is happening. There is huge momentum.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: You were negotiators on the Paris Agreement. Are you disappointed in how it's turned out so far? And is this one of the reasons why you wanted to write this book?
FIGUERES: I've been asked several times, you know, is the Paris Agreement basically in the trash can? And most definitely it is not. It was always constructed in full recognition of the fact that we can't decarbonize overnight, that it is going to be a multidecadal effort. This is the full run all the way to 2050. Yes, the first 10 years are absolutely critical because the first 10 years - from 2020 to 2030, which is the decade that we have just started - are the 10 years in which we absolutely have to get on the right course of emission reductions. That is what the book is about.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: That was Tom Rivett-Carnac and Christiana Figueres, and they are the authors of "The Future We Choose." They also host the podcast "Outrage And Optimism."
Thank you both very much.
FIGUERES: Thank you.
RIVETT-CARNAC: Thank you.
Copyright © 2020 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.
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Hulu added a lot of content to its lineup in 2017 including the entirety of Futurama, a slew of 90s throwbacks and a selection of NBC favorites like 30 Rock and Parenthood. In total, Hulu's library now holds 1,700 TV titles and 75,000 episodes. The company also launched its Live TV service, all of which is likely to have attracted more users.
The company plans to keep its growth going this year. CEO Randy Freer said in a statement, "The year ahead is going to be even bigger, as the company invests more in content – live, library and original – as well as technology and data to make Hulu the leading pay TV choice for consumers."
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Toxicokinetics of 2,2',4,4'- and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl congeners in the house cricket.
Recently, investigators have reported bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in insects collected at hazardous waste sites. Little is known about differences in bioaccumulation of particular PCB congeners in insects. The authors report on the toxicokinetics of a non-coplanar ortho substituted congener, 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-47) and a coplanar non-ortho substituted PCB, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) in topically treated house crickets. Penetration and excretion were more rapid for PCB-47 than for PCB-77. PCB-47 demonstrated a high affinity for abdomen, gut, and gonads, whereas, PCB-77 had a greater affinity for the head and thorax. Sex differences were observed in excretion and distribution. Females had an increased excretion of PCBs and increased accumulation in gut and gonads compared to males. Differences in lipophilicity can explain differences in distribution between sexes and of compounds within sexes. However, to explain the observed difference in penetration, it is necessary to invoke explanations based on stearic factors associated with coplanarity of the molecules. Differences in excretion are likely related to sex differences in mixed-function oxidase activities. These toxicokinetic data suggest that the more toxic coplanar congener, PCB-77, is likely to be more persistent in crickets compared to PCB-47, despite its lower lipophilicity.
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Risk of bleeding after endoscopic biopsy or polypectomy in patients taking aspirin or other NSAIDS.
The present study was performed to determine if the risk of bleeding after endoscopic biopsy or polypectomy was increased in patients taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Of 694 patients who underwent either upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy or colonoscopy with biopsy or polypectomy, 320 (46%) had recently consumed NSAIDs. Postprocedure bleeding was assessed by both written questionnaire and telephone follow-up. A total of 32 patients (4.6%) reported bleeding. Minor, self-limited, clinically insignificant bleeding occurred in 20/320 (6.3%) patients taking NSAIDs and 8/374 (2.1%) control patients (p = .009). Major bleeding requiring hospitalization or treatment occurred in only 4 patients (0.58%) (2 from the control group and two from the drug group), each of whom had undergone colonic polypectomy. The risk of bleeding increased with polyp size, but this did not seem to be affected by NSAID use. We conclude that the risk of significant gastrointestinal bleeding after endoscopic biopsy or poly removal is small (< 1%). Although use of NSAIDs did increase the incidence of minor self-limited bleeding, an increase in the rate of major bleeding was not observed.
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INTRODUCTION
============
In 2014, the journal published many excellent articles in the fields of endocrinology and metabolism. I believe that these works increased scientific knowledge and the standards of medical care. Updated information is freely available to readers. I would like to briefly introduce a number of excellent articles published in 2014 in \'*Endocrinology and Metabolism*\' (*Endocrinol Metab*).
ARTICLES ON THYROID DISEASE
===========================
Prof. YJ Park, deputy editor of \'*Endocrinology and Metabolism*,\' wrote a review on the prevalence of, and risk factors for, subclinical thyroid disease in Korea; this analysis was particularly clear \[[@B1]\]. Several review articles on thyroid cancer appeared in the third issue of 2014: \"Molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapies in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma\"; \"Current status and future perspectives in differentiated thyroid cancer\"; \"Can robotic thyroidectomy be performed safely in thyroid carcinoma patients?\"; and \"Radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: the first targeted therapy in oncology\" \[[@B2],[@B3],[@B4],[@B5]\]. Prof. W Teng reviewed nationwide Chinese data and reported that excess iodine can trigger hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis, especially in susceptible populations with recurring thyroid disease, the elderly, fetuses, and neonates \[[@B6]\].
Prof. EH Jeon and Prof. ED Jung published an original article entitled \"Diagnostic whole-body scan may not be necessary for intermediate-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after low-dose (30 mCi) radioactive iodide ablation,\" involving a study performed on 438 subjects with differentiated thyroid cancer. They suggested that diagnostic I-131 whole-body scanning after radioactive iodide ablation may not be necessary in intermediate-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer \[[@B7]\]. Prof. EJ Lee et al. described the biochemical factors prognostic of subclinical hypothyroidism in newly diagnosed patients \[[@B8]\]. Prof. KR Hyun, Prof. S Kang, and Prof. S Lee analyzed the social costs of thyroid disease in Korea over the last 10 years in their article entitled \"Cost-of-illness trends associated with thyroid disease in Korea\" \[[@B9]\]. Prof. JI Son et al. analyzed thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens from 469 patients and published a paper entitled \"Insufficient experience in thyroid fine-needle aspiration leads to misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer\" \[[@B10]\]. Prof. M Sanjari et al. completed a study involving school-aged children in Iran, and found that cobalt deficiency is one reason why goiter persists in that country \[[@B11]\]. Other original articles on thyroid disease also appeared in 2014 \[[@B12],[@B13],[@B14],[@B15],[@B16]\].
ARTICLES ON DIABETES AND OBESITY
================================
In a review article, Prof. S Lim elegantly showed that ectopic fat accumulation by visceral organs is associated with insulin resistance \[[@B17]\]. He received the Namgok Award for his work, and wrote an update of the effects of ectopic fat accumulation on cardiometabolic and renal disorders. Prof. I Kojima, editor-in-chief of \'*Endocrine Journal*,\' reviewed signal transduction systems activated by sugar molecules in an extragustatory tissue, pancreatic β-cells \[[@B18]\]. Prof. KG Park reviewed transcriptional regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression \[[@B19]\]. Prof. IK Lyoo discussed the characteristics of the cognitive impairment observed in type 2 diabetic patients and summarized the outcomes of recent neuroimaging studies of human diabetes-associated brain deficits \[[@B20]\]. Adipose tissue plays a key role in energy storage. Prof. JB Kim described the microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation \[[@B21]\]. The fourth issue of 2014 was a special issue on obesity. Five review articles presented recent treatment guidelines and new findings in the field \[[@B22],[@B23],[@B24],[@B25],[@B26]\]. Prof. EJ Rhee analyzed data collected during a health-screening program, and found that renal function was negatively correlated with the extent of coronary artery calcification \[[@B27]\]. Very topical articles on metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and diabetes prediction appeared in other issues of 2014 \[[@B28],[@B29],[@B30],[@B31]\].
ARTICLES ON BONE, PITUITARY, AND OTHER ENDOCRINE DISEASES
=========================================================
Prof. S Fukumoto of the University of Tokyo hospital reviewed the methods by which FGF23-producing tumors may be diagnosed in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia \[[@B32]\]. Prof. JT Lee found, in a review, that F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) was highly accurate (compared to CT or magnetic resonance imaging) when used for the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass, especially when combined with the other two imaging modalities \[[@B33]\]. New radiological methods are under development, and relevant studies were cited in the review. Prof. MJ Lee et al. published a study entitled \"Testosterone replacement and bone mineral density in male pituitary tumor patients,\" which showed that testosterone replacement therapy improved the bone mineral density of postoperative hypogonadal patients with pituitary tumors \[[@B34]\]. Another article featuring genetic analysis presented an extremely rare case of intrasellar cavernous hemangioma \[[@B35]\]. A paper entitled \"Genetic and epigenetic analysis in Korean patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,\" showed that genotype and phenotype are uniquely associated in Korean multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients \[[@B36]\]. Another study established dopamine agonists as the first-line treatment for prolactinoma, and reported that cabergoline triggered reductions in tumor volume, and normalization of prolactin levels, evident 3 months after treatment commenced. These responses were also predictive of later outcomes, as reported in an original article entitled \"Early prediction of long-term response to cabergoline in patients with macroprolactinomas\" \[[@B37]\]. An article entitled \"Testosterone deficiency associated with poor glycemic control in Korean male diabetics\" explored the relationship between testosterone deficiency and the levels of diabetes markers \[[@B38]\]. Other original articles on pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid, and pancreatic diseases appeared in 2014 issues \[[@B39],[@B40],[@B41],[@B42],[@B43]\].
BASIC RESEARCH ARTICLES
=======================
A study entitled \"Curcumin enhances docetaxel-induced apoptosis of 8505C anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells\" reported that curcumin enhanced the antitumor activity of docetaxel used to treat anaplastic thyroid cancer, suggesting that curcumin may be an attractive candidate drug \[[@B44]\]. An article entitled \"Correlation between expression of glucose transporters in granulosa cells and oocyte quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome\" defined the expression patterns of all 13 members of the GLUT family in human granulosa cells and reported that insulin sensitivity regulated GLUT expression in the granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome patients \[[@B45]\]. An experimental study entitled \"Functional role of Parkin against oxidative stress in neural cells\" explored the role of Parkin in protecting against oxidative stress in neuronal cells that had differentiated from Parkin-knockout embryonic stem cells \[[@B46]\]. In another experimental work entitled \"Short-term caloric restriction does not reduce bone mineral density in rats with early type 2 diabetes,\" bone mineral density was maintained in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats after short-term caloric restriction induced weight loss \[[@B47]\]. An article entitled \"Insulin phosphorylates tyrosine residue 464 of Tub and translocate Tubby into the nucleus in HIRcB cells\" reported that Tub contains a tyrosine-phosphorylation site that is modified in response to insulin and insulin-like growth factor \[[@B48]\]. An experimental study involving rats separated from their mothers as neonates suggested that prolonged access to highly palatable food during adolescence and youth partly improved anxiety-related symptoms; the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was more functional than in controls \[[@B49]\]. An article entitled \"A novel cytosolic isoform of mitochondrial trans-2-Enoyl-CoA reductase enhances peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activity\" appeared in the third issue of 2014 \[[@B50]\]. Prof. MJ Moon reported that a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, *Xenopus* GLP-E4, improved β-cell function in an article entitled \"A novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist with improved efficacy in insulin secretion and β-cell growth\" \[[@B51]\]. Several updates on research work in neurons and brain vessels have also been published \[[@B52],[@B53],[@B54],[@B55],[@B56],[@B57],[@B58]\]. An experimental study involving skeletal muscle cells revealed that Vav3 plays a critical role in glucose regulation under high-glucose conditions \[[@B59]\]. Other excellent articles on basic endocrine research have also been published \[[@B60],[@B61],[@B62]\]. Finally, interesting case reports on patients with various endocrine diseases appeared in 2014 in \'*Endocrinology and Metabolism*\' \[[@B63],[@B64],[@B65],[@B66],[@B67],[@B68],[@B69],[@B70],[@B71],[@B72]\].
CONCLUSIONS
===========
In this editorial, I would like to express my deep appreciation to all those who have devoted time and effort to our journal. I deeply thank all readers, authors, editors, and board members of the Korean Endocrine Society. Their support and continued efforts made it possible to publish many excellent articles. I hope that readers will continue to support \'*Endocrinology and Metabolism*\' in 2015.
**CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:** No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
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Developmental Anomalies –
This tooth demonstrates the pitfalls of a dens evaginatus. As can be noted on the clinical photograph, the atypical central cusp quickly wears due to attrition resulting in pulpal exposure and corresponding necrosis. Careful inspection of the occlusal anatomy is important in these cases as the radiographic appearance is similar to that of a vertical root fracture but this tooth has a very favorable prognosis.
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5 Mobile Video Apps to Boost Online Engagement
Are you wondering if there are simple mobile apps to make this possible?
In this article I’ll review five mobile video apps and share how they can boost your online engagement.
Why Mobile Video?
Vine, Twitter’s mobile video app, has business and marketing professionals considering the numerous ways video apps can be used to increase engagement.
Ekaterina Walter, social innovator at Intel and author of Think Like Zuck, recently predicted that “2013 will be the year of visual marketing”. Walter based this prediction, in part, on the fact that “…visuals and video done right are highly effective in cutting through the noise.”
This prediction has already proven true with a burst of new video apps and upgrades hitting the market. And some of these offer unique opportunities for savvy marketers.
Here’s five apps you should consider.
#1: Use Vine to Create Rich Content on Twitter
With only 140 characters to work with, it can be a challenge to create rich content on Twitter. To date, catchy headlines, creative hashtags, promoted tweets and images have been the best methods for grabbing attention on Twitter. But with theintroduction of Vine, there’s a new way to generate and share highly engaging content.
Vine is a simple and fun way to create short, beautiful, looping videos for your friends and family to see.
Vine’s six-second looping videos are easily consumed and highly shareable. And as a result, these videos naturally boost engagement. Marketers can use them in a variety of ways. You can create mini-advertisements, behind-the-scenes tours, announcements, contests and much more.
Your followers can view and share your videos directly from within Twitter. And you can encourage followers to shoot and share their own six-second videos to further increase likelihood of engagement.
Now’s the time to jump into Vine because it’s easier to capture audiences’ attention. Early adopters almost always enjoy a higher level of exposure. With Vine, you now have an opportunity to stand out among the millions of tweets posted daily.
#2: Use Facebook’s iPhone Integration to Increase Engagement
According to Facebook, the use of images and video results in the largest visual impact on their platform.
However, the use of video has lagged. This can be attributed in part to the hesitation many feel when it comes to filming, editing and sharing video.
Facebook’s recent integration with iOS 6 makes the creation and sharing of video less daunting. If you are an iPhone user, you can record and post without ever leaving your Facebook app. This makes sharing video on Facebook instantly very easy, even for novices.
Video posts on Facebook encourage engagements in the form of views, shares, likes and comments.
The key with video on Facebook is creativity and consistency rather than fancy editing. With the iOS 6 upgrade, you can give fans exclusive inside access. Record major events and breaking news, then post immediately to your timeline.
To encourage community participation, create fun video challenges, ask for honest reviews and acknowledge those who take the time to post their videos to your Page.
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*Offer valid for a 15 month PS Plus membership for $49.99. Available from 14 August 2017 at 10:00 BST to 29th August 2017 10:00 BST. Only available via the PS Store. To be eligible for this offer, you must have a SEN account. The membership will automatically continue at the end of the 15 months for further 12 month periods at the then current PlayStation®Store price. Full terms and conditions can be found at playstation.com/psplus15for12.
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Really neat designs - I feel a fusion of their best aspects would produce something amazing. In general I prefer the top row of designs because I think the shape is sleeker and the colour palette better reflects both Tempest and the princesses she serves, but the elevated neck guard from bottom-right is really something special that would look great intergrated into the top row.
As for hairstyles, while I love Tempest's mohawk for the sheer presence it lends her, I think bottom-left wins it for me, because of how it both conveys change and takes the focus off her broken horn in both guises (helmed and un-helmed). Just tweak the colour palette of the helm to match the rest of the armour (and maybe incorporate the sleeker noseguard design of the top row).
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Flextensional transducers are known in the art. One type of flextensional transducer has a flexible outer shell and a piezoelectric stack of elements. When actuated, the stack expands and contracts, thereby flexing the shell. The shell is coupled to and projects acoustic energy into an acoustic medium, such as water. Such transducers are limited by the amount of prestress that can be imposed on the piezoelectric stack to avoid exposure to tensile stress. The characteristics of the transducer are variable with depth in the acoustic medium. In general, the maximum depth of operation of the piezoelectrically driven flextensional transducer is governed by allowable ceramic stress and performance degradation.
Another type of flextensional transducer uses a magnetically driven element, which employs a moving coil in a magnetic field instead of the piezoelectric stack. The transducer shell is driven by energizing the coil which flexes the walls of the transducer inwardly or outwardly.
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Frequently Asked Questions What you've been asking serious and fun!
Are reservations required in advance or can I just drive up to Niagara and get a hotel?
Reservations are always recommended in advance. Especially, on weekends, all major holidays and in the summer months. If do not wish to make reservations in advance your choices may be limited in what would be available.
We are U.S. citizens, and wish to enter Canada simply to see Niagara Falls from the Canadian side. Do we need passport books, or will passport cards be sufficient for this purpose? There is a substantial difference in the cost of these two documents, and we have no plans to do any other international travel.
Yes you may use/purchase passport cards for all land travel. They can be used/purchased instead of the full passport.
Yes, the pass vouchers can be used on any number of days – until November 30th. Each individual attraction ticket included within the pass is good for one entry into the attraction, except the WEGO which is valid for 2 full consecutive days of transportation starting from the first day of use.
When you see VQA Ontario on a bottle, it means the wine is made from 100% Ontario-grown grapes, which have been approved through a strict quality-assurance program.
VQA stands for Vintners Quality Alliance. VQA Ontario is an independent authority that establishes and monitors the province’s “appellation of origin” system.
VQA Ontario also sets the standards for the wine that’s made here. When you see VQA Ontario and an appellation name on a bottle of wine, you can be sure that what’s inside has passed through a strict quality-assurance and label-integrity program, and is made entirely from grapes grown in Ontario.
There are a few places very close to the border where you will be able to pick up American cell phone towers but beware as you will be bounced from tower to tower in this area. For the most part you will need to contact your service provider and add an international plan on for the length of your stay. This can easily be done online or through your providers app on your smart phone. If you do not set up an international plan please be sure to turn off roaming features for both phone and data as the roaming costs will be quite high.
In the winter, the daily high temperatures in December, January and February range from 2° to -0.9° degrees Celsius (36° to 30° degrees Fahrenheit). Nightly temperatures range from -4.5° to -8.2° degrees Celsius (24° to 17° degrees Fahrenheit).
I am a current visitor visiting the USA. I do have a Visa for the USA. Can this also be used to enter Canada?
No. You must apply for a separate Visa to enter Canada. You may get information on visas to enter Canada, by contacting Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Their web site has information on what you will need, and how to apply for a visa. The web address for this is: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/index.asp
Yes. Many people travel from Toronto to Niagara Falls for the day. They either travel by bus, train or rent a car for the day. They may also book tours from Toronto that would include a Niagara Day trip.
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Q:
Dibur HaMatchil: Where did it come from
When reading Rashi, each comment on the pasukkim is split up by DiBur Hamatchil (quotes from the pasuk to let you know what Rashi is commenting on).
Are these original to Rashi, or were they added?
On a related note, wouldn't have been more helpful to put Rashi's question in its place?
A:
Update: According to comments with better screen contrast than my own, there are marks indicating the Dibbur Hamaschil.
Here are pictures of Rashi Manuscripts. It appears to me, but maybe I'm just not seeing it, that the Dibbur Hamaschil is not in the manuscripts.
https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/fisher2%3A119
For example, check out p. 272
http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/rashi/images/10.jpg
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Best of News
Best of News
CROATIA-GAY-RIGHTS-EU-POLITICS-REFERENDUM
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Croatian supporters of a conservative group calling for a referendum to rule out same-sex marriages take part in a march to Croatia's parliament, in Zagreb, on June 14, 2013, to hand over a petition signed by one-fifth of the EU-bound country's electorate. The petition calls for a referendum on whether to introduce a constitutional clause defining marriage as a 'union of a woman and a man'. AFP PHOTO / STR
Croatian supporters of a conservative group calling for a referendum to rule out same-sex marriages take part in a march to Croatia's parliament, in Zagreb, on June 14, 2013, to hand over a petition signed by one-fifth of the EU-bound country's electorate. The petition calls for a referendum on whether to introduce a constitutional clause defining marriage as a 'union of a woman and a man'. AFP PHOTO / STR
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A sign reading 'Black is not a crime, I'm proud to be black' is seen by the side of a track behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A sign reading 'Black is not a crime, I'm proud to be black' is seen by the side of a track behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A man uses a mobile phone on a bank in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A man uses a mobile phone on a bank in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A copy of the Koran rests on a bedside table in a temporary shelter built by a Sudanese man in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A copy of the Koran rests on a bedside table in a temporary shelter built by a Sudanese man in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A Sudanese man enters his temporary home in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A Sudanese man enters his temporary home in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
The sun sets behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
The sun sets behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
The sun sets behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
The sun sets behind a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Police Shoot Man In Myers Park
Hannah Peters
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Police Shoot Man In Myers Park
Hannah Peters
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A woman cooks on a fire in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A woman cooks on a fire in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Police Shoot Man In Myers Park
Hannah Peters
A general view of the scence where David Cerven was shot by police in Myers Park on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
A general view of the scence where David Cerven was shot by police in Myers Park on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
A young Christian woman from Eritrea stands outside a shelter in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
A young Christian woman from Eritrea stands outside a shelter in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Police Shoot Man In Myers Park
Hannah Peters
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Superintendent Richard Chambers talks to the media on August 3, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. Police shot dead 21-year-old David Cerven, a Slovakian national on a one-year working visa in New Zealand. Cerven was wanted for three armed robberies in a week, and advanced on Police claiming to have a gun on Sunday night.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
Products for sale at a shop in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Products for sale at a shop in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Calais Migrants Attempt To Find A Way To Reach The UK
Rob Stothard
An Ethiopian man clears an area of shrubbery to make space for a tent in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
An Ethiopian man clears an area of shrubbery to make space for a tent in a make shift camp near the port of Calais on August 2, 2015 in Calais, France. Hundreds of migrants are continuing to attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel and onto trains heading to the United Kingdom.
Mots-clés
Croatian supporters of a conservative group calling for a referendum... Photo d'actualitéCroatie,Europe,Gouvernement,Homosexualité,Horizontal,Main,Parlement,Participant,Partisan,Politique,Pétition,Référendum,Signer,ZagrebPhotographer -Collection: AFP 2013 AFPCroatian supporters of a conservative group calling for a referendum to rule out same-sex marriages take part in a march to Croatia's parliament, in Zagreb, on June 14, 2013, to hand over a petition signed by one-fifth of the EU-bound country's electorate. The petition calls for a referendum on whether to introduce a constitutional clause defining marriage as a 'union of a woman and a man'. AFP PHOTO / STR ***CROATIA OUT*** (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
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Web resources for the carbohydrate chemist.
Bioinformatics has played a pivotal role in advancing genetics and protein sciences. The large amount of information generated by genomics, and now proteomics, has been a driving force. By comparison, glycobiology still generates small amounts of data. The need to organize our knowledge about carbohydrates is however growing constantly and has given rise to an increasing number of public databases and freely available tools. This review gives an overview of the carbohydrate-oriented resources currently available on the Internet. Many of the resources are seldom referred to in the literature and difficult to find, in part because of the constant flux of the net itself, but also because many efforts have been lead by a single individual. As the World Wide Web has matured the number of 'permanent' resources, maintained by organizations rather than individuals, has increased. In this paper, we present some of the more useful and accessible public tools and databases. There are also a few commercial initiatives but these have not been reviewed.
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Q:
Different approaches to submitting forms with Ajax
In the past whilst working with AJAX-submitted forms, I have always created the forms in HTML and used the forms own POST function to submitting the actual data to a specific url. - This far is everything is the same as any non-AJAX form.
From that point I have used the jQuery Form plugin together with some basic jQuery code to remove the forms default action (to send the visitor to the form URL) and instead submit the form like a AJAX POST request, that also would return any output from the specific form action URL to the user.
While trying to learn more about JSON and other (to me unknown) javascript/ajax techonologies, I have found out that some people prefer to manually, by code, collect all form values from inside a form or other element on a page, serialize/json_encode the data and then use the same AJAX post-method as I have used to submit the data to submit it to a wanted page.
Why is that?
Are there any pros included in sending JSON encoded data requests forwards and backwards instead of doing it the way I've learnt to do it (pure POST data)?
One of the reference videos that i noticed this approach:
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiqdLYKkEfM&feature=player_embedded
Jquery form plugin:
- http://jquery.malsup.com/form/
Thanks a lot!
A:
Json data are structured and can be parsed easier than URL encoded strings. So, if you need to send structured data with your form, then it makes sense to convert them to Json. Many server technologies now support the creation of Json services, that can be directly consumed by a jQuery client.
If you only need to post simple data, then there is no need to do a Json conversion.
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Lung membrane diffusing capacity, heart failure, and heart transplantation.
The pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is reduced in chronic heart failure and remains decreased after heart transplantation. This decrease in DLCO may depend on a permanent alteration after transplantation of one or the other of its components: diffusion of the alveolar capillary membrane or the pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc). Therefore, we measured DLCO, the membrane conductance, and Vc before and after heart transplantation. At the time of hemodynamic measurements, the Roughton and Forster method of measuring DLCO at varying alveolar oxygen concentrations was used to determine the membrane conductance, Vc, DLCO/alveolar volume (VA), the membrane conductance/VA and thetaVc/VA (theta = carbon monoxide conductance of blood, VA = alveolar volume) in 21 patients with class III to IV heart failure before and after transplantation, and in 21 healthy controls. Transplantation normalized pulmonary capillary pressure and increased cardiac index. DLCO was decreased before transplantation (7.11 vs 10.0 mmol/min/kPa in controls), but DLCO/VA was normal (1.67+/-0.44 vs 1.71+/-0.26 mmol/min/kPa/L in controls). DLCO/VA remained unchanged after transplantation, because the decrease in Vc (82+/-30 vs 65+/-18 ml before and after transplantation) and thetaVc/VA was not compensated by the changes in membrane conductance (11+/-4 vs 12+/-5 mmol/min/kPa before and after transplantation, respectively) and membrane conductance/VA. We conclude that the decrease in DLCO in patients with chronic heart failure is due to a restrictive ventilatory pattern because their DLCO/VA remains normal; the decrease in the membrane conductance is compensated by the increase in Vc. After transplantation, the decrease in Vc due to normalization of pulmonary hemodynamics is not completely compensated for by an increase in membrane conductance. Because the membrane conductances, measured before and after transplantation, are negatively correlated with duration of heart failure, its abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics may have irreversibly altered the alveolar capillary membrane.
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For those that believe Gilbride is a really good coach please ask yourself 1 question
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Is it Gilbride's offense or a Coghlan's conservative offense that Gilbride is forced
to run? This offense has to have receivers that can get open. Nicks was hobbled, Cruz was double team with a safety over the top, most games. No running game and there you have it, poor offense. Bennett could get open but drop the ball half the time. If Eli did not thread the needle, we were done this year.
to run? This offense has to have receivers that can get open. Nicks was hobbled, Cruz was double team with a safety over the top, most games. No running game and there you have it, poor offense. Bennett could get open but drop the ball half the time. If Eli did not thread the needle, we were done this year.
what offense is it that doesn't need wr's to get open - we should run that one. But if we can't figure that out - I say we stay with the guy who continues to run a top ten offense year to year.
and i say we allow the "smart fans" to continue to say they can call every shotgun draw (50 percent of the time its the only way to run out of the draw all the time). Oh and it matters not if it works. Maybe sparano can come install the wildcat. Or we can run the pistol with eli instead of rg3, or maybe more tricklery like the niners? Fans will always have gripes about their coordinators cause they see lots of similar plays but that doesn't mean its easy to defend or not working. You cant put up 30-40 every game.
Being a good HC and a good coordinator have absolute nothing to do with each other. Some guys are just not cut out to be HC's, despite being excellent coordinators, i.e. **** LeBeau.
So, can people stop bringing this subject up like it's some indictment of KG as an OC; it's just ignorant and makes you look foolish.
If you really believe this you are ignorant. He is average at best and has been fired everywhere he has been except for TC's love for him. We can do much better. The man gets out coached just about every game. He had nothing to do with the two SB wins both times we came from behing and it was Eli calling his own plays not the the troll.
If you really believe this you are ignorant. He is average at best and has been fired everywhere he has been except for TC's love for him. We can do much better. The man gets out coached just about every game. He had nothing to do with the two SB wins both times we came from behing and it was Eli calling his own plays not the the troll.
our offense scores just to spite gilbride - unreal. Eli may change plays - BUT THEY ARE ALL GILBRIDE AND COUGHLINS PLAYS - he is checking based on a pre box read - BASED ON THEIR OFFENSE. He doesn't draw plays up in the sand. They are top 10 almost every year - because they are talented and have good coaches, including KG. Many fans are limited in their understanding of x's and o's so they see the same plays over and over - but they are not seeing the nuances of a pulling guard or a change in a blocking scheme. Hate gilbride all you want cause you can call a shotgun draw but this is not the giants main problem.
our offense scores just to spite gilbride - unreal. Eli may change plays - BUT THEY ARE ALL GILBRIDE AND COUGHLINS PLAYS - he is checking based on a pre box read - BASED ON THEIR OFFENSE. He doesn't draw plays up in the sand. They are top 10 almost every year - because they are talented and have good coaches, including KG. Many fans are limited in their understanding of x's and o's so they see the same plays over and over - but they are not seeing the nuances of a pulling guard or a change in a blocking scheme. Hate gilbride all you want cause you can call a shotgun draw but this is not the giants main problem.
Well, it seems to me most fans think that if they can call run or pass that they know the play that's being called.
Even funnier is that they think if they can guess a play right so can the defense (which may be true)- but that doesnt mean they will stop it. The 90 team was the most predictable offense ive seen and wether or not you knew what was coming you weren't stopping it.
Hell lombardi ran sweeps left and right all day and NO ONE was able to stop it - they were machines at running it. I know I know the gun draw doesn't always work but you'd be suprised to learn that most often it does wether called or not.
Even funnier is that they think if they can guess a play right so can the defense (which may be true)- but that doesnt mean they will stop it. The 90 team was the most predictable offense ive seen and wether or not you knew what was coming you weren't stopping it.
Hell lombardi ran sweeps left and right all day and NO ONE was able to stop it - they were machines at running it. I know I know the gun draw doesn't always work but you'd be suprised to learn that most often it does wether called or not.
With as much film as coaching staffs watch, I'd be surprised if much of anything comes as a surprise... Maybe a few things here or there, but for the most part opposing teams generally know what's coming both offensively and defensively.
Gilbride s very predictable inside the Red Oooops Green Zone. And is our offense so damn complicated that we can never work rookies into the offense like Reid's Eagles, Shanahan's Redskins, and even the Cowboys. I'm tired of this attitude towards rookies. We just can't seem to get our top three picks to shine. Stop. Start. Stutter. Sputter. A glimpse here, a glimpser there. Either they are good and they should move in and play or we didn't have a need at that position. Maybe its a GM issue. Nicks seems to be the only exception to the rule. Cruz was a bluebird. And JPP seems to have peaked. Either the player evaluation is wrong or the system is not allowing these players to reach maximum potential. Which is it?
Next, is it possible that Coughlin overtrains the team and that exlains the physical and mental sag in November? It can happen to any athlete.
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This invention relates to apparatus for the assessment of a support surface such as a mattress, so as to determine objectively whether the support surface has worn out.
There are many instances where it is desirable to provide an objective test of the condition of a support surface such as a mattress. For example, it is known that mattresses have a finite life span and that after a period of use, they begin to lose their resilience and this leads to the phenomenon known as xe2x80x9cbottomingxe2x80x9d. This refers to the yielding of the mattress to such an extent that the occupant comes into contact with the hard base of the bed.
In hospitals, such a condition represents a serious hazard which greatly increases the risk of patients developing pressure sores. Since the treatment of pressure sores constitutes substantial expense to the hospital in terms of increased bed occupancy and nursing care, it is desirable to detect deterioration of mattresses at an early stage and dispose of them before the above hazardous condition is reached.
While fatigue of a mattress is related to its age, this is only one factor and masses and other support surfaces cannot be discarded simply on an age basis, since this would lead to disposal of many mattresses which are still in a serviceable condition.
The present established method of determining whether hospital mattresses are in a useable condition is the so-called xe2x80x9cnurse fist testxe2x80x9d. In this test, an experienced operative manually depresses the mattress at three defined points along it""s length and subjectively forms an opinion as to the condition of the mattress. However, this subjective test has been shown to suffer from poor repeatability and inter operator reliability.
The present invention, therefore, is directed to the provision of apparatus and method for objectively determining the condition of mattresses and other support surfaces, such as seats and wheelchair cushions.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,008 describes apparatus for measuring the firmness of a resilient object, such as a mattress. The apparatus described in this document comprises a platen, which is supported by a frame from a fixed base, and is drawn into the object by a motor.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for assessing the condition of a person support surface which comprises a frame for extending over the support surface, an indenter mounted on said frame and a load sensor disposed between the indenter and the frame, means for pressing the indenter into the support surface, displacement measuring means for measuring the movement of the indenter into the support surface and data processing means for analysing the force applied to the indenter in relation to the displacement of the indenter into the support surface, characterised in that the apparatus is mobile and includes manually actuated means for pressing the indenter into the support surface.
In general, the apparatus according to the invention will be portable and has a frame which is supported either from the bed base below the mattress, or from a base member which is designed to extend beneath the bed base.
In a preferred form of the invention, the frame is supported in cantilever from one side of the support surface and the indenter is moved downwardly to depress the support surface by pressure applied to a handle by an operator. The frame may include guide means to guide movement of the indenter in an essentially vertical manner into contact with the support surface.
It has been found that a parallelogram frame is suitable to guide movement of the indenter along an essentially vertical path.
In the case of a hospital bed, the frame may be temporarily attached to the support frame of the bed, e.g. by a clamping device, and may be moved to different positions along the bed so as to test the mattress condition in the normal standard points along its length. These generally are one quarter, one half and three quarters of the distance from the head of the bed approximately along a centre line. In the case where the bed has no convenient frame for attachment of the testing apparatus, the frame may be in the form of a C-shaped structure having a base portion adapted to extend beneath the base of the bed, while the upper part of the frame extends over the mattress and enables the indenter to be brought into contact with the surface of the mattress.
The indenter preferably has a curved surface and may, for example, comprise a part of or a complete wheel or sphere.
In use, the indenter is depressed into the mattress until resistance is felt by the operator. A load cell mounted between the indenter and the frame measures the load applied, while displacement of the indenter into the bed is simultaneously measured by a suitable device. In the case where the whole or a part of the frame pivots in cantilever from a support, displacement is conveniently measured by means of a rotary potentiometer or equivalent rotation measurement device which measures pivoting movement of the frame and thus, indirectly, the displacement of the indenter.
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Using diatom indices for water quality assessment in a subtropical river, China.
Diatoms have been regularly used as bioindicators to assess water quality of surface waters. However, diatom-based indices developed for a specific geographic region may not be appropriate elsewhere. We sampled benthic diatom assemblages in the upper Han River, a subtropical river in China, to evaluate applicability of 14 diatom-based indices used worldwide for water quality assessment. A total of 194 taxa from 31 genera were identified in the dry season and 139 taxa from 23 genera in the wet season. During the dry season, significant relationships were found for all but one of the diatom-based indices (Index Diatom Artois-Picardie) with one or more physical and chemical variables including nutrients and ion concentrations in river waters. The Biological Diatom Index (IBD) and diatom-based eutrophication/pollution index (EPI-D) were strongly related to trophic status and ionic content, while Watanabe's Index was related to organic pollution and conductivity. Yet, the diatom indices showed weak relationships with physical and chemical variables during the wet season. It suggests that diatom-based indices developed in Europe can be applied with confidence as bioindicators of water quality in subtropical rivers of China, at least during base-flow conditions.
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MLS Power Rankings: Week 3
Week 3 saw a series of comebacks, golazos and great saves. What it didn’t produce was any kind of clear consensus, since more than half the week’s games ended tied and a couple of the league’s best had a bye. Still, there are always some winners and losers in the rankings, and if you've got an issue with ours, vote for your own! All match times for this week's games are ET.
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Nothing anyone in the league did this past weekend could have knocked RSL out of the top spot: a 4-0-1 mark in all competitions heading into Tuesday’s CONCACAF Champions League semifinal second leg, Nick Rimando the Player of the Month for March and every reason to believe the RSL machine will keep chugging along indefinitely.
Which isn’t to say the Rapids are far behind. It’s not often MLS Cup champs get better and deeper, but it looks like that’s exactly what happened this offseason with the addition of Caleb Folan and Sanna Nyassi. A midweek US Open Cup play-a loss at the Chicago Fire in which the Rapids played largely a reserve squad – is a blip, not a trend.
New York are not the first team to have their night ruined by Tally Hall, but Juan Agudelo and especially Thierry Henry were complicit in the 1-1 scoreline. Despite the addition of Dwayne De Rosario, there are real questions to ask of this team, first and foremost being, “Where are the goals going to come from?” No definitive answers yet.
The Power Rankings committee was right to give LA a mulligan for their 4-1 drubbing at RSL last week. The return of some key starters – none more so than Omar Gonzalez – and a clever tactical shift from Bruce Arena provided the best defensive performance of any team this year, even while down a man.
The Union kept their core pieces from 2010, but look like a totally different team. They’re now defined by a lock-down defensive unit and a solid veteran 'keeper. Gone too, though, is the attacking verve and creativity that was the highlight of the inaugural season. They need Sebastien Le Toux and Justin Mapp to get healthy — and Danny Mwanga to rediscover his confidence.
The place of the Fire is still up for debate since they’ve played most of the season up a man and then beat a Colorado side in the Open Cup play-in that was short-handed. But there’s no denying the attacking power of Gastón Puerari, Diego Cháves, Marco Pappa and Patrick Nyarko. Things are looking good in the Windy City.
The Quakes still have some kinks to work out with Frank Yallop’s new 4-3-3, but there’s no question they’re generating chances and playing some good soccer. With Ike Opara returning to full health and fighting for minutes, there’s a good chance the defense will improve as well.
On First Kick weekend, the Revs played a 1-1 draw at LA that probably felt like a win. This past Saturday, their 1-1 home result against the Timbers probably felt like a loss. The good news, though, is that last year’s leaky defense is a thing of the past and central defender A.J. Soares is an early Rookie of the Year contender.
For about 65 minutes they were climbing up the rankings behind some of the most exciting attacking play in the league. Then the questions about their outmanned defense cropped up again in what was a stomach-punch of a draw. How they bounce back can reveal a lot about this team.
It’s looking very likely that the ‘Caps aren’t your run-of-the-mill expansion franchise. Their 3-3 comeback draw sent the crowd into delirium – rightly so – and spoke to a heart and solidarity that any team in the world would envy. When Eric Hassli and Russell Teibert get back, and Jay DeMerit and Davide Chumiento get healthy, Vancouver could be a force.
Getting a point from a very good San Jose team at their house is a positive result. Doubly so when two goals are part of the package, and newest signing Mauro Rosales shows his playmaking chops in the final third. Also, Steve Zakuani looks like he’s made the leap and become one of the top five players in the league.
The Crew finally got the ship headed in the right direction with their 2-0 win over FC Dallas on Friday. Emilio Renteria provided the spark and Eddie Gaven iced the cake, but the questions about the team’s form in front of net will continue to be real until Andres Mendoza starts scoring from the run of play.
For the second straight week, Tally Hall stood on his head and got his team a point on the road. He has faced nearly 50 shots in the last 180 minutes, and only two have found their way into the back of his net. It’s great to have a goalkeeper who can get you points, but Hall’s teammates are going to have to do some heavy lifting of their own soon.
Hand-wringing about De Rosario, debates about sacred locker rooms and the miss of the century overshadowed what was a strong last 70 minutes from TFC. Tony Tchani protected the back line, Danleigh Borman got up and down the left wing and their shape was solid throughout. The new beginning looked good, even though the result was disappointing.
This marks the second straight week that DC conceded goals in bunches, a worrying trend for Ben Olsen. Relying on rookie Perry Kitchen to come back and right the ship is promising but dangerous as Kitchen is just 19 years old. The offense, however, still looks good – even when playing at the champs, and even without a number of starters.
It’s not crisis time in Dallas just yet: FCD were equally bad to start the 2010 season. But it looks like the loss of all the “little things” Dax McCarty did has taken a big-picture toll. Add in some defensive injuries, under-performing rookies and the fact that they keep giving their opponents a man advantage, and it’s been an ugly start to 2011 in Big D.
The Timbers got their first win in MLS with a midweek victory over Chivas USA in a US Open Cup play-in game, then got their first point in the league by going on the road and playing pretty well at New England. Jack Jewsbury was the key man in both results, and the Timbers now have something to build upon.
A point on the road is a good result for a team looking for anything at all to be positive about. But they were lucky to get that much, and haven’t consistently been threatening in the final third. Robin Fraser & Co. have a lot of work yet to do to prevent a long season for the Rojiblancos.
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