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msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_478144180#16_954284659 | Title: Should You Wear a Costume for Halloween? | Psychology Today
Headings: Should You Wear a Costume for Halloween?
Utpal Dholakia Ph.D.
Should You Wear a Costume for Halloween?
The pros and cons of dressing up for undecided readers.
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Reasons why you shouldn’t wear a Halloween costume
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Content: Without a creative “exit strategy” about what to do with your costume afterward, your closet might start to get jammed with once-worn Halloween costumes. I will conclude by saying one more thing about Halloween costumes. As in the case of Christmas gifts where price often does not correlate with the gift giver’s love for the recipient, the creativity of a Halloween costume and the status it affords the wearer does not necessarily correlate with the money that is spent on it. The most creative Halloween costumes, the ones that receive the attention of everyone and which garner the most social media exposure, are often created with very little money but with a lot of imagination. And most importantly, these costumes are the most fun to come up with and put together. So what does the question of whether to wear a costume for Halloween come down to? It's a very personal decision. The amount of enjoyment you will experience must be traded against your possible anxiety from having to participate in group activities. The chance to explore a new identity or show off your creativity needs to be balanced against your distaste in supporting crass commercialization or adding one more never-to-be-worn-again outfit into your over-stuffed closet. If you are still sitting on the fence, take a few minutes to weigh these pros and cons. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-science-behind-behavior/201510/should-you-wear-costume-halloween |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479219181#5_956049495 | Title: Why 90 Percent of Generation Z Says They're Stressed Out | Psychology Today
Headings: Why 90 Percent of Generation Z Says They're Stressed Out
B. Janet Hibbs, Ph.D., Anthony Rostain M.D.
Why 90 Percent of Generation Z Says They're Stressed Out
Historic events, culture, and parenting combust with stress in youth.
Content: The probable then becomes a certainty, leading to fatalism and despair. Youth don’t have enough life experience to sort out the differences between risk and inevitability — hence their greater sensitivity to prevailing cultural messages of “doom and gloom.” The tragedy of school shootings blares across the nightly news. Yet, the more insidious and invisible threats to psychological health and well-being — which lead to heightened stress, and emotional distress, with their attendant rates of youth suicide, anxiety and depression — are of a commonplace type. The APA survey highlights the significance of the following factors: article continues after advertisement
High levels of loneliness. Substitution of social media for a true friendship network. Constant bombardment of negative self-comparisons. A narrowing definition of life success leading to destructive perfectionism and all-or-nothing thinking. What to do about the disturbing findings of this latest research on stress among today’s youth? | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-stressed-years-their-lives/201812/why-90-percent-generation-z-says-theyre-stressed-out |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479764508#2_956922535 | Title: Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health? | Psychology Today
Headings: Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health?
Ralph Ryback M.D.
Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health?
Research reveals some unnerving links, and suggests some explanations.
Content: The month in which people are born can influence their future, from their longevity to their profession. Mental illness linked to birth month
In a 2012 study, a group of researchers at Queen Mary University in London investigated whether the risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression increased depending on one's birth month. These researchers looked at more than 29 million people from England’s general population, 58,000 of whom were diagnosed with one of these three conditions. Winter babies were at the greatest risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with January being the most common birth month for this group. Spring babies, meanwhile, appeared to be at greatest risk for depression, which demonstrated an almost significant peak in May.
Schizophrenia had significant lows for people born in July, and bipolar disorder had significant lows for individuals born in August and September. People born in November were significantly less likely to experience depression. Suicide linked to birth month
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), an estimated 90 percent of individuals who commit suicide suffer from mental illness. It should come as no surprise, then, that suicidal behavior may also be linked to birth month. Another British research team examined the data from nearly 27,000 suicides between 1970 and 2001 and found that individuals born in April, May, and June had the greatest risk of committing suicide. Their risk was 17 percent higher than that of people whose birthdays fell in the autumn or winter. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201510/can-your-birthday-predict-your-mental-health |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479764508#3_956924624 | Title: Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health? | Psychology Today
Headings: Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health?
Ralph Ryback M.D.
Can Your Birthday Predict Your Mental Health?
Research reveals some unnerving links, and suggests some explanations.
Content: People born in November were significantly less likely to experience depression. Suicide linked to birth month
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), an estimated 90 percent of individuals who commit suicide suffer from mental illness. It should come as no surprise, then, that suicidal behavior may also be linked to birth month. Another British research team examined the data from nearly 27,000 suicides between 1970 and 2001 and found that individuals born in April, May, and June had the greatest risk of committing suicide. Their risk was 17 percent higher than that of people whose birthdays fell in the autumn or winter. Why does season matter? Scientists aren’t quite sure why some birth months are linked to greater incidences of mental health disorders than others, although there are a few possibilities. One possibility is that birth month influences our biological clock. In a 2010 study, scientists found that mice born in the winter were less able to adapt to a summer light cycle than mice born in other seasons. Our ability to regulate our biological clock is strongly linked to mood. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201510/can-your-birthday-predict-your-mental-health |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#1_957204450 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: More proof of what early theologians proffered: We are a soul that lives in a body. Indeed one's brain understands the passing of life to death, but our emotions swell and cause our hearts to pound in echoing macabre in indignation of loss. Bereavement after death
Death simply serves as a punitive reminder of one’s mortality that we will one day perish along with those who have left us behind. Despite its inevitability, rarely are we adequately equipped to deal with the pain and emotional turmoil that follows an actual, a symbolic or an intangible psychological loss. ( Other kinds of events can be equated with the loss of a loved one like the loss of a person’s sense of safety after he or she experiences a traumatic event.) When we are “ deprived by something or someone we valued ,” which is typically the case when someone we love passes away, what follows is a distinct period of grieving, sadness and emotional distress that is called bereavement. Our coping mechanisms, cultural norms, support system as well as the circumstances of the death and our relationship with the deceased person may all play a role in how we react to a significant loss. Normal grief reactions
Bereavement and other types of losses (loss of health, identity, finances) can lead to intense periods of sadness, rumination about the loss and other problems that can be difficult to deal with. Grieving, or the outward physical, emotional and psychological expression of loss, can cause us immense emotional and physical suffering when someone or something we love is taken away from us. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#2_957206751 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: Other kinds of events can be equated with the loss of a loved one like the loss of a person’s sense of safety after he or she experiences a traumatic event.) When we are “ deprived by something or someone we valued ,” which is typically the case when someone we love passes away, what follows is a distinct period of grieving, sadness and emotional distress that is called bereavement. Our coping mechanisms, cultural norms, support system as well as the circumstances of the death and our relationship with the deceased person may all play a role in how we react to a significant loss. Normal grief reactions
Bereavement and other types of losses (loss of health, identity, finances) can lead to intense periods of sadness, rumination about the loss and other problems that can be difficult to deal with. Grieving, or the outward physical, emotional and psychological expression of loss, can cause us immense emotional and physical suffering when someone or something we love is taken away from us. “Grief can deplete you to such an extent that the slightest tasks become monumental, and what previously was easily achievable now may seem insurmountable,” wrote Therese Rando, Ph.D. Although sadness is often one of the intense emotional reactions that take over in our immediate response to losing someone we love, it is certainly not the only way that grief can manifest itself. Although everyone reacts to loss in different ways, we rarely are prepared to deal with the pain and emotional turmoil that result after we lose someone or something intrinsically valuable to us. Grief is more than just sadness
Grief can manifest itself in the form of immense emotional and physical suffering, and we may experience anything from anger to denial, to guilt, to sadness and despair. Initially, people who experience grief may experience confusion, shock, and disbelief that their loved one has passed. However, after the initial shock has passed, highly distressful emotions can contribute to anxiety, extreme fatigue, crying fits, dreams and even nightmares about the deceased. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#7_957217093 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: Traumatic grief is more likely to be experienced when we are faced with a sudden, violent and/or unexpected loss of a loved one. The experience of trauma and grief at the same time can turn our world upside-down. article continues after advertisement
It can be extremely painful to experience traumatic grief, as we may find that sentiments and triggers can easily remind us of our loved one. Especially when our loved one’s loss was sudden, we may find that thinking and remembering our loved one fuels painful memories and flashbacks that can make us re-experience our loved one’s death. The experience of trauma and grief at the same time can obscure the resolution of our bereavement. As many of us try to hold onto our memories of the person or even tangible objects that are intrinsically valuable to us in fear that we might forget someone who meant so much to us, the normal remembering of the deceased can even end up complicating matters and even causing us more harm. Dealing with loss
It was Bowlby (1969) who originally made his name by studying newborns and infants of parents who died in the Battle of Britain during World War II. These infants “failed to thrive” and later died despite receiving intensive nursing and medical care. Based on his work with infants, Bowlby recognized the importance of attachments with others and believed that the bereavement process is our natural response to broken attachment bonds. Part of the reason that our experience of grief is so painful is that we must learn how to let go of our attachments following a significant loss. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#8_957219400 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: As many of us try to hold onto our memories of the person or even tangible objects that are intrinsically valuable to us in fear that we might forget someone who meant so much to us, the normal remembering of the deceased can even end up complicating matters and even causing us more harm. Dealing with loss
It was Bowlby (1969) who originally made his name by studying newborns and infants of parents who died in the Battle of Britain during World War II. These infants “failed to thrive” and later died despite receiving intensive nursing and medical care. Based on his work with infants, Bowlby recognized the importance of attachments with others and believed that the bereavement process is our natural response to broken attachment bonds. Part of the reason that our experience of grief is so painful is that we must learn how to let go of our attachments following a significant loss. Attachments or bonds that we form with significant people in our lives continue to exist even in the absence of that person. In our protest of separation from our bond with our loved one, we may have anxiety and difficulty comprehending the loss, an experience known as numbing, which can lead to feelings of shock, denial or disbelief, especially when the death occurs unexpectedly. article continues after advertisement
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
We may have “debilitating recurrent pangs of painful emotions, with intense yearning, longing and searching for the deceased, and preoccupation with thoughts of the loved one,” said Mary-Frances O’Connor and her colleagues. Grief pangs, short temporary periods of very intense distress and yearning for the deceased, can spin us into an existential, emotional, relative emptiness. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#9_957221879 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: Attachments or bonds that we form with significant people in our lives continue to exist even in the absence of that person. In our protest of separation from our bond with our loved one, we may have anxiety and difficulty comprehending the loss, an experience known as numbing, which can lead to feelings of shock, denial or disbelief, especially when the death occurs unexpectedly. article continues after advertisement
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
We may have “debilitating recurrent pangs of painful emotions, with intense yearning, longing and searching for the deceased, and preoccupation with thoughts of the loved one,” said Mary-Frances O’Connor and her colleagues. Grief pangs, short temporary periods of very intense distress and yearning for the deceased, can spin us into an existential, emotional, relative emptiness. Despite being highly distressful, grief pangs serve the purpose of recovering and reuniting with the person who has left us. When we realize that we will not be able to recover the one we love, we go through a period of disorganization, and despair, during which we attempt to find ways to cope with our irreparable loss. THE BASICS
Understanding Grief
Find a therapist to heal from grief
Along with our significant loss, we may also feel as if we have lost a part of ourselves, and, in some ways, we did. Both tangible and intangible psychological losses, such as losing our sense of safety after something traumatic happens to us or changes to our identity, can be highly distressful. Eventually, we must learn how to reorganize our sense of self and rediscover our unique place in the world without our loved one. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#10_957224275 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: Despite being highly distressful, grief pangs serve the purpose of recovering and reuniting with the person who has left us. When we realize that we will not be able to recover the one we love, we go through a period of disorganization, and despair, during which we attempt to find ways to cope with our irreparable loss. THE BASICS
Understanding Grief
Find a therapist to heal from grief
Along with our significant loss, we may also feel as if we have lost a part of ourselves, and, in some ways, we did. Both tangible and intangible psychological losses, such as losing our sense of safety after something traumatic happens to us or changes to our identity, can be highly distressful. Eventually, we must learn how to reorganize our sense of self and rediscover our unique place in the world without our loved one. Unresolved, complicated grief
Grief after someone we love dies can be overwhelming and even traumatic. Even though many people can successfully cope with and adapt to a loss, individuals who have lingering pathological or traumatic grief may need to seek professional services to overcome their emotional pain. article continues after advertisement
“Excessive and irrational grief” caused by mourning a loss was described by Freud (1917) as melancholy or depression. Whether the loss was actual or symbolic, he believed that unresolved feelings of guilt and other negative emotions stemming from the loss of someone we held dear could subsequently be directed inward toward oneself, which he called introjection. Bowlby (1980) later suggested that the neurophysiological processes that produce changes in our affect, behavior, and cognition can be prolonged or amplified in the face of complicated or unresolved grief. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_479894716#11_957226731 | Title: The Ways We Grieve | Psychology Today
Headings: The Ways We Grieve
Ralph Ryback M.D.
The Ways We Grieve
From loss, to despair, to recovery, grief is an inevitable part of life.
Bereavement after death
Normal grief reactions
Grief is more than just sadness
Anticipatory vs. traumatic grief
Dealing with loss
Grief pangs: Yearning, disorganization, and despair
THE BASICS
Unresolved, complicated grief
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Recovering from bereavement
Content: Unresolved, complicated grief
Grief after someone we love dies can be overwhelming and even traumatic. Even though many people can successfully cope with and adapt to a loss, individuals who have lingering pathological or traumatic grief may need to seek professional services to overcome their emotional pain. article continues after advertisement
“Excessive and irrational grief” caused by mourning a loss was described by Freud (1917) as melancholy or depression. Whether the loss was actual or symbolic, he believed that unresolved feelings of guilt and other negative emotions stemming from the loss of someone we held dear could subsequently be directed inward toward oneself, which he called introjection. Bowlby (1980) later suggested that the neurophysiological processes that produce changes in our affect, behavior, and cognition can be prolonged or amplified in the face of complicated or unresolved grief. The symptoms that arise during complicated grief reactions can be so severe that they may even resemble those experienced with major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ). Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Although the sadness and other emotions that stem from the loss of someone we loved may never completely go away, grief and sadness that remain severe, overwhelming and lingering may mean that we are stuck in mourning, a characteristic of complicated grief, and it can start to affect our functioning in daily life. article continues after advertisement
Grief during bereavement may itself induce such great emotional and psychological suffering that it can impact how a person functions in his or her life. For this reason, “persistent complex bereavement disorder” has been proposed as a condition that may warrant clinical attention in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/the-ways-we-grieve |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_480438075#6_958157859 | Title: The “Is Psychology a Science?” Debate | Psychology Today
Headings: The “Is Psychology a Science?” Debate
Gregg Henriques Ph.D.
The “Is Psychology a Science?” Debate
Reviewing the ways in which psychology is and is not a science.
Defining Psychology as a Science
Content: an emphasis on logical coherence; and the belief that humans can build systems of knowledge that do, in fact, correspond to the way the world actually works. article continues after advertisement
Another defining feather of science is its reliance on systematic methods of data collection and critical analyses of the ideas of science. These are the methods that students learn about when they are introduced to “doing science," and include elements such as systematic observation, measurement and quantification, data gathering, hypothesis testing, controlled experimentation (where possible), and theory construction. Source: Gregg Henriques
Although the scientific method is often touted as the sin qua non of science, it is not. Indeed, if science were solely a method, then it would not be all that valuable, a point that is sometimes lost on empiricists enamored with the scientific method. Thus, it is crucial to keep in mind that the scientific method is not an end unto itself, but rather is a means to an end. The ultimate desired product of the method is a cumulative body of knowledge that offers an approximate description of how the world works. In concrete terms, this refers to the body of peer-reviewed journals, textbooks, and academic courses and domains of inquiry. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/theory-knowledge/201601/the-is-psychology-science-debate |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_480939473#4_958919230 | Title: Six Ways to Boost Your Self-Esteem | Psychology Today
Headings: Six Ways to Boost Your Self-Esteem
Leslie Sokol Ph.D.
Six Ways to Boost Your Self-Esteem
Has your self-esteem gone into hibernation with the bears
Content: Have faith that even if you cannot deal with a problem yourself that you will have the ingenuity to get the help, skills, or knowledge that you need. Doubting your capability? Take on a new challenge and prove to yourself you CAN rather than you can't. Pay attention to each accomplishment regardless of how small and make a mental note or, even better, keep a note pad. Give yourself extra credit when it required significant effort and don't forget to pat yourself on the back. 4. Believe in your own worth. Recognize that means making yourself a priority some of the time. Think of something you want to do and do it. Give yourself permission to say no, ask for what you want, or maneuver into a position to make it happen. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-confident-be-confident/201001/six-ways-boost-your-self-esteem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_480983980#2_959020510 | Title: Facts, Truths, Beliefs, Opinions, and "Alternative Facts" | Psychology Today
Headings: Facts, Truths, Beliefs, Opinions, and "Alternative Facts"
Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D.
Facts, Truths, Beliefs, Opinions, and "Alternative Facts"
"Truths" and opinions change. Facts don't, because they're based on reality.
Content: Someone who makes statements such as, “Wrong!” or “That’s ridiculous!” or “You're completely incorrect!” when someone disagrees with him or her? Such people are often insufferable and are seldom genuinely liked. Their philosophy is “I think I know, therefore I absolutely know!” Or they declare, “My opinion is not just an opinion; it's a fact.” Being right is very important to such people. Even when they are dead wrong, they don't let actual facts get in the way of their opinions. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-well/201703/facts-truths-beliefs-opinions-and-alternative-facts |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481022677#0_959085035 | Title: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds | Psychology Today
Headings: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D.
Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Why many people don’t let facts get in the way of their cherished beliefs.
Content: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds | Psychology Today
Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D.
Think Well
Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Why many people don’t let facts get in the way of their cherished beliefs. Posted Dec 24, 2018 | Reviewed by Devon Frye
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Source: Andy Dean Photography/Shutterstock
Why do many people staunchly defend their opinions and beliefs even in the face of overwhelming evidence that their ideas and views are totally incorrect? One explanation is the common phenomenon of cognitive dissonance. Cognition is simply thinking and reasoning. It is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, reason, analysis of information, and experience. Dissonance is a musical term that means a lack of harmony among musical notes, but can also mean a tension or clash that results from disharmonious or contradictory components. In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced by a person who simultaneously holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values. The discomfort is triggered by a situation in which a person’s belief clashes with new evidence introduced to that person. To reduce the psychological discomfort, the person will have to change either their mind or their behavior so that the inconsistency or contradiction is resolved, thus restoring mental balance and emotional harmony. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-well/201812/why-many-people-stubbornly-refuse-change-their-minds |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481022677#6_959095911 | Title: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds | Psychology Today
Headings: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D.
Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Why many people don’t let facts get in the way of their cherished beliefs.
Content: Change their behavior or belief by integrating the conflicting information into their world view. For example, "I will no longer support our current leadership, and I will vote differently in the next election.” Justify their behavior or belief by changing the conflicting cognition. For example, "The president is doing what’s best for the country and is the victim of a political witch hunt." Justify their behavior or their beliefs by adding new cognitions. For instance, "The president is a successful businessman and must know what he’s doing—he’s just too smart for most people to understand." Ignore or deny information that conflicts with their existing beliefs. For example, "All that stuff is just ‘ fake news ,’ and you can’t trust it." The bottom line is that when there is a conflict between our attitudes and our behavior, we tend to change our attitudes to make them consistent with our behavior rather than change our behavior to make it consistent with our attitudes. Ideally, people would be rational beings who consistently adjust their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to align them with new information that is essentially incontrovertible. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-well/201812/why-many-people-stubbornly-refuse-change-their-minds |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481022677#7_959097674 | Title: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds | Psychology Today
Headings: Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Clifford N. Lazarus Ph.D.
Why Many People Stubbornly Refuse to Change Their Minds
Why many people don’t let facts get in the way of their cherished beliefs.
Content: For instance, "The president is a successful businessman and must know what he’s doing—he’s just too smart for most people to understand." Ignore or deny information that conflicts with their existing beliefs. For example, "All that stuff is just ‘ fake news ,’ and you can’t trust it." The bottom line is that when there is a conflict between our attitudes and our behavior, we tend to change our attitudes to make them consistent with our behavior rather than change our behavior to make it consistent with our attitudes. Ideally, people would be rational beings who consistently adjust their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to align them with new information that is essentially incontrovertible. But that is not the case. Indeed, there are many who still maintain that the earth is flat; or only 6,500 years old; that vaccines are a health hazard; that evolution is a falsehood; | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-well/201812/why-many-people-stubbornly-refuse-change-their-minds |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481073544#10_959163919 | Title: Is Your Parenting Psychologically Controlling? | Psychology Today
Headings: Is Your Parenting Psychologically Controlling?
Nancy Darling Ph.D.
Is Your Parenting Psychologically Controlling?
Good parenting asks kids to DO things, not think or feel them.
THE BASICS
Content: Mislabeling the emotions of children confuses them and makes it difficult for them to know what they truly feel. It also erases the distinction between the self and needs of the child and the self and needs of the parent. If mislabeling feelings is accompanied by implicit or explicit guilt induction for not feeling what the parent wants or if it is accompanied by love withdrawal, it is also manipulative. ---------------
Parenting works best when it is straightforward and issue oriented. Set the table, we're going to eat. Do your homework, you have a test tomorrow. Can you help me pile the wood? It's going to rain. I need a hand building the pigeon coop. Can you come out and help hold the boards for me? | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/thinking-about-kids/201210/is-your-parenting-psychologically-controlling |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481403534#0_959741963 | Title: First Responders and Mental Health | Psychology Today
Headings: First Responders and Mental Health
Asa Don Brown Ph.D.
First Responders and Mental Health
Improving the perception of mental healthcare and mental illness.
Content: First Responders and Mental Health | Psychology Today
Asa Don Brown Ph.D.
Towards Recovery
First Responders and Mental Health
Improving the perception of mental healthcare and mental illness. Posted May 12, 2017
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COMMENTS
Source: Asa Don Brown
As a community, first responders have an invisible integrity that they believe differentiates them from the general public. In the community of first responders, there have been countless lives lost to suicide over the past few months. The most prevalent feature of a number of the first responder suicides is an underlying mental health issue often related to traumatic stress. In the summer of 2009, Tim McLean, a 22-year-old passenger on a Greyhound bus traveling near Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, was unexpectedly and violently stabbed to death by a fellow passenger: Vince Li. Eventually, the courts would find Mr. Li not guilty nor “criminally responsible” due to evidence of mental illness. In the years to come, the experiences from that grave event would take a toll on the life of the responding RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) Constable Ken Barker. In the summer of 2014, Constable Barker would tragically take his own life. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/towards-recovery/201705/first-responders-and-mental-health |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_481432193#4_959775577 | Title: Are You Being Manipulated? | Psychology Today
Headings: Are You Being Manipulated?
Darlene Lancer, JD, LMFT
Are You Being Manipulated?
How to recognize the motives and tactics of manipulators.
Content: Parents routinely manipulate with bribery – everything from, “Finish your dinner to get dessert,” to “No video games until your homework is done.” Manipulators often voice assumptions about your intentions or beliefs and then react to them as if they were true in order to justify their feelings or actions, all the while denying what you said in the conversation. They may act as if something has been agreed upon or decided when it hasn’t in order to ignore any input or objection you might have. The “foot-in-the-door” technique is making a small request that you agree to, which is followed by the real request. It’s harder to say no, because you’ve already said yes. The reversal turns your words around to mean something you didn’t intend. When you object, manipulators turn the tables on you so that they’re the injured party. Now it’s about them and their complaints, and you’re on the defensive. Fake concern is sometimes used to undermine your decisions and confidence in the form of warnings or worry about you. Emotional Blackmail
Emotional blackmail is a form of manipulation that is emotional abuse. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/toxic-relationships/201704/are-you-being-manipulated |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482026452#1_960647633 | Title: Overcoming Sexual Assault: Symptoms & Recovery | Psychology Today
Headings: Overcoming Sexual Assault: Symptoms & Recovery
Elyssa Barbash Ph.D.
Overcoming Sexual Assault: Symptoms & Recovery
Seeking treatment after sexual assault is incredibly important.
Sexual Assault Statistics
What Is Sexual Violence?
Common Experiences and Symptoms Following Sexual Assault
Unhelpful Ways of Coping
When to Seek Treatment
THE BASICS
Effective Treatments
Content: One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually abused before they turn 18 years old (National Sexual Violence Resource Center, 2015). One in five women and one in 16 men are sexually assaulted while in college (National Sexual Violence Resource Center, 2015). Sexual assault is an under-reported crime. It is estimated that only 63% of incidents are reported to the authorities—and just 12% of child sexual abuse cases (NSVRC, 2015). Beyond the obvious legal implications of not reporting these crimes, those who do not report sexual assault incidents are less likely to receive appropriate treatment. This can mean months or years of struggling with anxiety, depression, intrusive memories, and intimacy difficulties. What Is Sexual Violence? The term “sexual violence” is an all-encompassing, non-legal term that refers to crimes like sexual assault, rape, and sexual abuse. Sexual assault is defined by the United States Department of Justice as “any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient.” This can mean inappropriate and unwanted touching and forced sexual acts (including attempted acts) such as sexual intercourse or oral sex. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/trauma-and-hope/201704/overcoming-sexual-assault-symptoms-recovery |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482153956#3_960823478 | Title: The Closed Mind | Psychology Today
Headings: The Closed Mind
Andrea Mathews LPC, NCC
The Closed Mind
Why does it close, and how does it open?
Content: Original thinking generates ideas that hold water, not because they are right so much as because they are real. Original thinking allows us to fly free from the constraints of our own bias, see through it to creative, problem-solving beliefs
On the other hand, it is fear that generally keeps the mind closed. Often the fear is based on the idea that one must be right in order to be OK. It is not safe to be wrong. Therefore, once an idea is grasped, one must hold on to it, for fear that to question it might prove one wrong and thus unsafe. Unfortunately, closed-minded people can take positions of power over others—thus training others to likewise have closed minds. Parents who have closed minds often train their children to believe as they believe—and will even go so far as to outright reject a child who does not agree with their beliefs. There are many LGBTQ adolescents who are homeless right now, because they challenged the beliefs of closed-minded parents. What was hoped, in these cases, by the parents, was that their closed-mindedness would create an equal set of closed minds in their children. When it doesn’t work that way, the parents are outraged and simply get rid of the whole problem by kicking their children out of their homes. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/traversing-the-inner-terrain/201907/the-closed-mind |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482223696#6_960997120 | Title: How Self-Awareness Leads to Effective Communication | Psychology Today
Headings: How Self-Awareness Leads to Effective Communication
Aldo Civico Ph.D.
How Self-Awareness Leads to Effective Communication
The art of listening begins with the ability to listen to oneself.
Conflict as the Breakdown of Communication
When a Friend Listened to Me With an Open Mind
First Step to Become a Good Listener
Self-Awareness and Deep Listening
Content: Whenever we listen to something, we evaluate what we are hearing and this, in turn, triggers our emotional reactions and our judgment. If we hear something that contradicts our values or our interests, we tend to react, by becoming defensive; our ability to be effective listeners is a hostage of our own filters. As a consequence, our capacity to build meaningful relations, even with the people we love, our ability to lead effectively, to be a catalyst of change, to make a positive contribution, is negatively affected. article continues after advertisement
To become aware of the barriers to effective communication that lay deep within ourselves is therefore a first and necessary step to becoming great listeners. We need to become aware of how our life experiences, our gender, our race, our social status, our education, our religion, our failures, our fears can affect our ability to listening deeply to the other party. Self-Awareness and Deep Listening
Self-awareness allows for listening that is free of assumptions and judgments that compromise healthy communication. Before we are able to listen deeply to others, we need to learn how to listen deeply to ourselves. It is this self-awareness that helps us to understand the other’s frame of reference. Deep listening is transformative, but transformation begins with the development of self-awareness, that is with the capacity to listen to ourselves. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/turning-point/201404/how-self-awareness-leads-effective-communication |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482404109#1_961348603 | Title: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media | Psychology Today
Headings: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Deborah Serani Psy.D.
If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Managing depression requires you to mind your media intake.
Content: Shutterstock
News is a money-making industry. One that doesn't always make the goal to report the facts accurately. Gone are the days of tuning in to be informed straightforwardly about local and national issues. In truth, watching the news can be a psychologically risky pursuit, which could undermine your mental and physical health. Fear -based news stories prey on the anxieties we all have and then hold us hostage. Being glued to the television, reading the paper, or surfing the Internet increases ratings and market shares — but it also raises the probability of depression relapse. In previous decades, the journalistic mission was to report the news as it actually happened, with fairness, balance, and integrity. However, capitalistic motives associated with journalism have forced much of today's television news to look to the spectacular, the stirring, and the controversial as news stories. It's no longer a race to break the story first or get the facts right. Instead, it's to acquire good ratings in order to get advertisers, so that profits soar. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/two-takes-depression/201106/if-it-bleeds-it-leads-understanding-fear-based-media |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482404109#4_961353291 | Title: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media | Psychology Today
Headings: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Deborah Serani Psy.D.
If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Managing depression requires you to mind your media intake.
Content: If a teaser asks, " What's in your tap water that YOU need to know about ?" a viewer will likely tune in to get the up-to-date information to ensure safety. The success of fear-based news relies on presenting dramatic anecdotes in place of scientific evidence, promoting isolated events as trends, depicting categories of people as dangerous and replacing optimism with fatalistic thinking. News conglomerates who want to achieve this use media logic, by tweaking the rhythm, grammar, and presentation format of news stories to elicit the greatest impact. Did you know that some news stations work with consultants who offer fear-based topics that are pre-scripted, outlined with point-of-view shots, and have experts at-the-ready? This practice is known as stunting or just-add-water reporting. Often, these practices present misleading information and promote anxiety in the viewer. Another pattern in newscasts is that the breaking news story doesn't go beyond a surface level. The need to get-the-story-to-get-the-ratings often causes reporters to bypass thorough fact-checking. As the first story develops to a second level in later reports, the reporter corrects the inaccuracies and missing elements. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/two-takes-depression/201106/if-it-bleeds-it-leads-understanding-fear-based-media |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_482404109#5_961355037 | Title: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media | Psychology Today
Headings: If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Deborah Serani Psy.D.
If It Bleeds, It Leads: Understanding Fear-Based Media
Managing depression requires you to mind your media intake.
Content: This practice is known as stunting or just-add-water reporting. Often, these practices present misleading information and promote anxiety in the viewer. Another pattern in newscasts is that the breaking news story doesn't go beyond a surface level. The need to get-the-story-to-get-the-ratings often causes reporters to bypass thorough fact-checking. As the first story develops to a second level in later reports, the reporter corrects the inaccuracies and missing elements. As the process of fact-finding continually changes, so does the news story. What journalists first reported with intense emotion or sensationalism is no longer accurate. What occurs psychologically for the viewer is a fragmented sense of knowing what's real, which sets off feelings of hopelessness and helplessness — experiences known to worsen depression. An additional practice that heightens anxiety and depression is the news station's use of the crawl, the scrolling headline ticker that appears at the bottom of the television, communicating "breaking news." Individuals who watch news-based programming are likely to see one, two, or even three crawls scroll across the screen. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/two-takes-depression/201106/if-it-bleeds-it-leads-understanding-fear-based-media |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_483445865#3_963353141 | Title: 8 Mindfulness Tips During the Holidays | Psychology Today
Headings: 8 Mindfulness Tips During the Holidays
Marlynn Wei M.D., J.D.
8 Mindfulness Tips During the Holidays
Bring some peace and calm to your holidays.
Content: 3. Be open to a range of emotions in yourself. Holidays can bring up a whole host of different emotions—and not all of them happy or celebratory. For many, the holidays can be reminders of loss, grief, or loneliness. You might experience these difficult feelings, especially when loved ones are absent, so allow yourself to make space and acknowledge whatever emotions come up for you rather than try to get rid of them. 4. Let go of old habits or patterns that might be holding you back. Holidays come with traditions and memories but, sometimes, old patterns can perpetuate negativity. It’s easy to fall into familiar patterns. Perhaps you’re annoyed with your in-laws repeating the same story at the dinner table or anxious around a competitive coworker vying for attention. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/urban-survival/201612/8-mindfulness-tips-during-the-holidays |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_483771882#10_963745381 | Title: When Someone Refuses Treatment | Psychology Today
Headings: When Someone Refuses Treatment
Susan J. Noonan MD
When Someone Refuses Treatment
What to do when you see a need but feel unable to help.
Content: Reply to M
Quote M
I'm not surprised people
Submitted by Reese on October 26, 2016 - 8:05am
I'm not surprised people would refuse treatment considering the frightening physical and mental side-effects of psych meds, how hard they can be to withdraw from and how few doctors are very knowledgeable about doing this or dealing with people who don't withdraw easily. It makes a person afraid to even try that sort of thing. And that tends to be the only thing most people are offered these days unless they're rich and can afford long term therapy. Not to mention all the recent studies showing dishonesty by pharmaceutical companies with them exaggerating the benefits and hiding the dangers of their pills. Reply to Reese
Quote Reese
Response to Reese
Submitted by Susan J. Noonan MD on October 26, 2016 - 10:28am
I would recommend having a consultation with a psychiatrist who specializes in depression and mood disorders, who prescribes these medications every day. A psychopharmacologist. You will have more reliable information about treatment and more informed choices around your illness, which is reassuring. A primary care physician or general psychiatrist can then follow his/her recommendations. And do not look at the ads from drug /pharmaceutical companies - they are out to sell a product and generally do not have a patient-care focus. Rely on a research study that is peer reviewed and ideally is a "randomized controlled trial" to get sound information. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/view-the-mist/201610/when-someone-refuses-treatment |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484185056#2_964632265 | Title: What Your Financial Health Says About Your Mental Health | Psychology Today
Headings: What Your Financial Health Says About Your Mental Health
Amy Morin
What Your Financial Health Says About Your Mental Health
Studies show your debt could cost you more than just interest.
Debt And Mental Health
A Mortgage Could Be Good For Your Mental Health
Which Comes First?
Reduce the Psychological Cost Of Debt
Content: And multiple studies report people with mental health problems are more likely to be in debt. Researchers from the University of South Hampton examined 65 studies on debt and mental health. Their report, which was published in Clinical Psychology Review, found a correlation between mental illness and financial problems. Researchers concluded the likelihood of having a mental health problem is three times higher among people who have debt. Depression, anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders were among the common mental illnesses people in debt experienced. There was an even higher link between suicide and debt. People who complete suicide are eight times more likely to be in debt. Additionally, people in debt are more likely to experience problem drinking and drug dependence. The researchers did not find a link between debt and smoking. Short-term debt may place people at the highest risk of depression. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201507/what-your-financial-health-says-about-your-mental |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484270245#1_964718289 | Title: How to Deal With Grief During the Holidays | Psychology Today
Headings: How to Deal With Grief During the Holidays
Amy Morin
How to Deal With Grief During the Holidays
The holidays can be the toughest time of the year.
1. Trust That Grief Is Part of Healing
2. Set Healthy Boundaries
3. Focus on What You Can Control
4. Plan Ahead
5. Allow Yourself to Feel a Range of Emotions
6. Find a Way to Honor Your Memories
7. Create New Traditions
8. Do Something Kind for Others
9. Ask for Help
Content: Christmas music, holiday parties, and festive decorations that were meant to bring joy served as painful reminders of my loss. As it is for most people experiencing loss, the holiday season was the most painful time of all. If you're wondering how to get through the holidays this year without your loved one, these strategies can help: 1. Trust That Grief Is Part of Healing
Time doesn't heal the pain associated with a loss; it's what you do with that time that matters. Grief is the process by which you heal. Experiencing the pain—rather than constantly trying to escape it—can actually help you feel better in the long-term. So while it may be tempting to pretend the holidays don't exist—or to numb the pain with alcohol —temporarily avoiding the pain only prolongs the anguish. Eventually, the holidays will get easier, but only if you allow yourself to experience the grief of going through them without your loved one. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201512/how-deal-grief-during-the-holidays |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484290249#5_964771409 | Title: 4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions | Psychology Today
Headings: 4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions
Amy Morin
4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions
3. Sadness can make you settle.
Content: Feelings of sadness can cause you to settle. Research shows you're likely to set your goals lower when you're feeling sad. In one study, researchers asked participants to sell various objects. Participants who felt sad set their prices lower than the other participants. Researchers suspect that the participants' sadness led them to set the bar low, in hopes that achieving their goal would improve their mood. Creating low expectations for yourself can prevent you from reaching your greatest potential. You may decide not to apply for a promotion or you may not negotiate for what you want, just because you're feeling down. 4. Anger and embarrassment can lead to taking a long shot. Intense emotions can lead to rash decisions, and anger and embarrassment may make you particularly vulnerable to high-risk, low-payoff choices. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201602/4-ways-emotions-can-screw-your-decisions |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484290249#6_964772706 | Title: 4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions | Psychology Today
Headings: 4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions
Amy Morin
4 Ways Emotions Can Screw Up Your Decisions
3. Sadness can make you settle.
Content: Creating low expectations for yourself can prevent you from reaching your greatest potential. You may decide not to apply for a promotion or you may not negotiate for what you want, just because you're feeling down. 4. Anger and embarrassment can lead to taking a long shot. Intense emotions can lead to rash decisions, and anger and embarrassment may make you particularly vulnerable to high-risk, low-payoff choices. Researchers suspect intense uncomfortable emotions impair self-regulation skills. Of course, when you're feeling really emotional, your risks can become self-destructive, and when those big risks don't pay off, your anger and embarrassment are likely to intensify. Balance Emotion and Logic
Emotions certainly play an important role in your decision-making process. Anxiety, for example, can keep you from making a poor choice, and boredom can ignite a spark that leads you to follow your passion. article continues after advertisement
To make balanced choices, acknowledge your emotions. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201602/4-ways-emotions-can-screw-your-decisions |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484966741#5_966004874 | Title: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly | Psychology Today
Headings: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
Sean Grover L.C.S.W.
Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
5 stages of grief and 5 ways to recover.
"How could this happen? It can't be true!"
A sudden death shatters our sense of security
Processing death: The five stages of grief
The road to recovery from loss
THE BASICS
Content: You experience shock and disbelief, frequently accompanied by numbness, detachment, or disassociation. You may focus on facts or keep busy, anything to delay experiencing the pain and despair the loss of your loved one has caused you. 2. Anger: Rage emerges in you. You may point your anger at doctors, friends, spouses, siblings, society or even yourself. But when anger is fixated on blame it offers little comfort. As blame subsides, the pain returns. Anger also triggers a crisis of faith, rage at a God that would permit such a horrible thing to happen. You may even feel angry at the deceased for abandoning you. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-kids-call-the-shots/202003/death-shock-how-recover-when-loved-one-dies-suddenly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484966741#7_966007504 | Title: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly | Psychology Today
Headings: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
Sean Grover L.C.S.W.
Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
5 stages of grief and 5 ways to recover.
"How could this happen? It can't be true!"
A sudden death shatters our sense of security
Processing death: The five stages of grief
The road to recovery from loss
THE BASICS
Content: 3. Bargaining: In an attempt to ease the pain of your loss, you try to bargain with it. You may make sudden changes or promises, such as, "I'm going to be a better person." or "I'll honor his or her memory by changing my ways." But such grief-driven promises are hard to keep. Bargaining helps to soften your anger and is your first attempt to come to grips with the loss. 4. Depression: After passing through denial, anger, and bargaining, the painful reality of the situation sinks in. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-kids-call-the-shots/202003/death-shock-how-recover-when-loved-one-dies-suddenly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484966741#8_966008709 | Title: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly | Psychology Today
Headings: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
Sean Grover L.C.S.W.
Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
5 stages of grief and 5 ways to recover.
"How could this happen? It can't be true!"
A sudden death shatters our sense of security
Processing death: The five stages of grief
The road to recovery from loss
THE BASICS
Content: But such grief-driven promises are hard to keep. Bargaining helps to soften your anger and is your first attempt to come to grips with the loss. 4. Depression: After passing through denial, anger, and bargaining, the painful reality of the situation sinks in. Depression pushes down on you until you collapse under its weight. Everything feels pointless. Exhaustion plagues you. You may fall back on self-destructive habits such as over-eating, sleeping, or isolating. Such patterns existed in your life before the loss and frequently increase during the depression stage. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-kids-call-the-shots/202003/death-shock-how-recover-when-loved-one-dies-suddenly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_484966741#9_966009995 | Title: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly | Psychology Today
Headings: Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
Sean Grover L.C.S.W.
Death Shock: How to Recover When a Loved One Dies Suddenly
5 stages of grief and 5 ways to recover.
"How could this happen? It can't be true!"
A sudden death shatters our sense of security
Processing death: The five stages of grief
The road to recovery from loss
THE BASICS
Content: Depression pushes down on you until you collapse under its weight. Everything feels pointless. Exhaustion plagues you. You may fall back on self-destructive habits such as over-eating, sleeping, or isolating. Such patterns existed in your life before the loss and frequently increase during the depression stage. 5. Acceptance. You begin to accept your new reality. You recognize that, although everything has changed, you must go on living. You start to find moments of inner peace. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-kids-call-the-shots/202003/death-shock-how-recover-when-loved-one-dies-suddenly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485013345#11_966142992 | Title: Women and Mental Illness | Psychology Today
Headings: Women and Mental Illness
Joel L. Young M.D.
Women and Mental Illness
Why Are Mental Health Issues More Common Among Women?
Content: Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2013%2Fmay%2F22%2Fwomen-men-menta...
article continues after advertisement
Common mental health issues in women. ( n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/womens-health/mental-health-issues-in-wome...
Diagnosis of mental illness hinges on doctor as much as symptoms. ( n.d.). Retrieved from http://behaviorhealth.org/diagnosis_of_mental_illness.htm
Gender and women's mental health. ( n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/
Mental health statistics: Men and women. ( n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-information/mental-health-statistics...
Women, trauma and PTSD. ( | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-your-adult-child-breaks-your-heart/201504/women-and-mental-illness |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485058736#1_966234283 | Title: ADHD Commonly Co-Occurs With Other Mental Health Diagnoses | Psychology Today
Headings: ADHD Commonly Co-Occurs With Other Mental Health Diagnoses
Joel L. Young M.D.
ADHD Commonly Co-Occurs With Other Mental Health Diagnoses
Looking at a recent Comparative Psychiatry study
Content: The study's findings showed a significant connection between ADHD and other mental health conditions. Patients who had ADHD were more likely to experience social phobia, impulse control disorders, borderline personality disorder, alcoholism, and eating disorders. They were less likely to experience adjustment disorders or major depressive disorder. Patients with ADD—the inattentive type of ADHD without a hyperactivity component—were more likely to have eating disorders and social phobia. The Connection Between ADHD and Mental Illness
The study did not explore and does not specify why ADHD is a predictor of other mental health issues. A number of factors could be at play, and it is unlikely that just one explanation accounts for the full spectrum of mental health issues associated with ADHD. Some possibilities include: • Genetic influences that lead to ADHD are similar to those that lead to other mental health disorders. • The challenges of life with ADHD. ADHD makes everyday tasks challenging, and environmental factors can contribute to a number of mental health issues. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-your-adult-child-breaks-your-heart/201607/adhd-commonly-co-occurs-other-mental-health |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485308169#3_966644613 | Title: Why Losing a Parent Hurts So Much, No Matter Your Age | Psychology Today
Headings: Why Losing a Parent Hurts So Much, No Matter Your Age
David Sack M.D.
Why Losing a Parent Hurts So Much, No Matter Your Age
Complicated grief often results in attempts to self-medicate.
The Link Between Grief, Addiction, and Mental Illness
Grief Interventions: When You Need Help Recovering from Loss
Content: This is not to say that people don’t experience feelings of grief if they lose a parent they didn’t feel close to, get along with, or know well—that loss may still be felt quite deeply. Survey data on the long-term effects of parental loss indicate that filial bereavement can impact both mental and physical health, with men being more likely to report physical health issues. Data also show that gender influences the impact of parental death—men who lose their father appear to experience the loss more keenly than daughters, while women who lose their mother appear to be more deeply impacted than sons. Grief Interventions: When You Need Help Recovering from Loss
Research into attachment theory and bereavement theory has led to the development of grief interventions that help people heal from a loss. Grief interventions are most effective when they focus on the bereaved individual’s personal resources and capacity for enhancing their own resilience, as well as on palliative care from primary care providers and family members in the months after the loss. When a person experiences complicated grief or sustained grief —grief that persists long after the months following a death—additional interventions and evaluation for mental health issues may be warranted. Since everyone processes loss in their own way and on their own individual timeline, it can be difficult to recognize when and if feelings of loss have developed into complicated grief. Also known as persistent complex bereavement disorder, this more protracted form of grief is usually marked by emotions so severe, painful, and long-lasting that a person cannot seem to accept the loss and move forward to resume life, even many months or years afterward. article continues after advertisement
The stages of recovery after the death of a loved one typically involve allowing yourself to experience the pain of your loss, which gradually gives way to accepting the reality of it and finding a way to move forward. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/where-science-meets-the-steps/201709/why-losing-parent-hurts-so-much-no-matter-your-age |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485535268#6_967056123 | Title: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems | Psychology Today
Headings: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
Graham C.L. Davey Ph.D.
Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
10 reasons why drugs shouldn't be a treatment of choice for mental disorders.
Content: But apart from medical symptoms, some pharmacological treatments can also increase psychological symptoms such as anxiety, suicidal ideation, and even increase suicide attempts ( especially in young adults ). A number of studies have suggested that there may be a significant publication bias in randomized controlled trials (RCT) reported by drug companies. For example, RCTs assessing the effectiveness of drug treatments are significantly more likely to report a positive effect if the study was funded by the pharmaceutical industry than if funds came from non-industry sources. This tends to suggest that drug companies may not publish studies that show that their drugs are ineffective! And this bias is also likely to significantly over-estimate the effectiveness of drugs for mental health problems. While prescribing drugs for mental health problems may have a short-term palliative effect, drugs don’t obviously help people to change the way they think or change the socio-economic environments that might be the root cause of their psychological problems. We know that negative and biased ways of thinking can maintain common mental health problems such as anxiety or depression—these important factors need to be addressed with psychotherapy—not drugs. Helping an individual with mental health problems to rise above difficult socioeconomic conditions is challenging within any kind of treatment approach, but multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals are increasingly able to help clients with a broader range of psychological and socioeconomic problems. Sadly, many of those health professionals (GPs and family physicians) at the first point of contact with people suffering from mental health problems are poorly trained to identify psychological problems in their patients and have little time available to devote to dealing with these types of problems. This increasingly makes medication prescription an attractive option for doctors whose time-per-patient is limited—an outcome that will have all the potential negative effects of medicalizing the problem into a "disease." | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/why-we-worry/201401/overprescribing-drugs-treat-mental-health-problems |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485535268#7_967058795 | Title: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems | Psychology Today
Headings: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
Graham C.L. Davey Ph.D.
Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
10 reasons why drugs shouldn't be a treatment of choice for mental disorders.
Content: While prescribing drugs for mental health problems may have a short-term palliative effect, drugs don’t obviously help people to change the way they think or change the socio-economic environments that might be the root cause of their psychological problems. We know that negative and biased ways of thinking can maintain common mental health problems such as anxiety or depression—these important factors need to be addressed with psychotherapy—not drugs. Helping an individual with mental health problems to rise above difficult socioeconomic conditions is challenging within any kind of treatment approach, but multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals are increasingly able to help clients with a broader range of psychological and socioeconomic problems. Sadly, many of those health professionals (GPs and family physicians) at the first point of contact with people suffering from mental health problems are poorly trained to identify psychological problems in their patients and have little time available to devote to dealing with these types of problems. This increasingly makes medication prescription an attractive option for doctors whose time-per-patient is limited—an outcome that will have all the potential negative effects of medicalizing the problem into a "disease." At present, we don’t have any wealthy "multinational psychotherapy conglomerates" to match the financial clout of the pharmaceutical industry, so when it comes to "selling" treatments for mental health problems, drugs will always have the marketing advantage regardless of whether they are more or less effective than psychological therapies. That’s an uneven playing field that needs to be addressed. article continues after advertisement
These are just some of the reasons why we should be wary of the increasing trend of treating psychological problems with medications, and in many cases, medications without accompanying psychological help and support. Certainly, attempts are being made in many countries to increase access to psychological therapies for those who need them, but while mental health is still viewed primarily as a medical problem within health care systems promoting medical models, little is likely to change rapidly. SHARE
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Mental Health Care
Submitted by Jarvis on March 15, 2014 - 8:04am
Mental health problems are very serious than any sort of health diseases. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/why-we-worry/201401/overprescribing-drugs-treat-mental-health-problems |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485535268#9_967063828 | Title: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems | Psychology Today
Headings: Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
Graham C.L. Davey Ph.D.
Overprescribing Drugs to Treat Mental Health Problems
10 reasons why drugs shouldn't be a treatment of choice for mental disorders.
Content: One should be mentally strong for his/her survival. Several health diseases we are going through, but for that we mentally positive and brave to deal with. Mental illness raise to several kinds shortcomings for us. So, mental health treatment is very necessary for us. Mental healthcare center will be best option for the best treatment of mental disorders. Reply to Jarvis
Quote Jarvis
Over medicate Doctor
Submitted by Bill Zoesch on February 4, 2015 - 1:07pm
I had my first mania at age 42 due to the mortgage meltdown. I dont have depression. My mania have been caused by stress from a large family all in Spokane. Wa. Bi polar runs in the family including my moms side. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/why-we-worry/201401/overprescribing-drugs-treat-mental-health-problems |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#0_967272869 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Wicked Deeds
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think. Posted Oct 12, 2015
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Source: Wikimedia
Would it surprise you to hear that gender is highly correlated to homicide risk? That is, males are far more likely than females to become murder victims in the U.S. This reality directly opposes a popular myth that women are at greater risk than men of becoming homicide victims. Based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data between 1980 and 2008, for example, males represented 77 percent of all homicide victims and females represented the remaining twenty-three percent of victims. The victimization rate for males (11.6 per 100,000 persons) was nearly four times higher than the rate for females (3.4 per 100,000). Although homicide victimization rates are much higher among men than women, the rank of homicide as a cause of death is similar for men and women of all age groups. Also, firearms are the most common method of homicide for both male and female victims. Recent research indicates that having a gun in the home increases the chances that the owner (whether male or female) will become a victim of homicide inside the home. There are also myths that include both race and gender. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#1_967274684 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: The victimization rate for males (11.6 per 100,000 persons) was nearly four times higher than the rate for females (3.4 per 100,000). Although homicide victimization rates are much higher among men than women, the rank of homicide as a cause of death is similar for men and women of all age groups. Also, firearms are the most common method of homicide for both male and female victims. Recent research indicates that having a gun in the home increases the chances that the owner (whether male or female) will become a victim of homicide inside the home. There are also myths that include both race and gender. For example, there is a pervasive myth in our society that young, white females have the greatest risk of becoming murder victims of all demographic groups. This myth is perpetuated in both fact and fiction by the media which greatly exaggerate the prevalence of attractive, young, white, female victims in their homicide stories. For important sociological reasons, an attractive, young, white, female murder victim evokes great interest, concern and sympathy among the general public. High viewership by the public leads to increased advertising revenue for television networks, so the news and entertainment media prioritize and promote stories involving pretty, white, female murder victims. In reality, however, a white female is the least likely of all demographics to be a homicide victim. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#2_967276570 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: For example, there is a pervasive myth in our society that young, white females have the greatest risk of becoming murder victims of all demographic groups. This myth is perpetuated in both fact and fiction by the media which greatly exaggerate the prevalence of attractive, young, white, female victims in their homicide stories. For important sociological reasons, an attractive, young, white, female murder victim evokes great interest, concern and sympathy among the general public. High viewership by the public leads to increased advertising revenue for television networks, so the news and entertainment media prioritize and promote stories involving pretty, white, female murder victims. In reality, however, a white female is the least likely of all demographics to be a homicide victim. She is far less likely than a black female or a male of any race to become a murder victim in the U.S. According to the UCR statistics for 2013, for example, white females comprised 13 percent of the 12,253 murder victims reported. The victimization rate for white females was 1.6 per 100,000 persons in 2013. This compares to rates per 100,000 persons of 4.4 for black females, 4.0 for white males and 32.3 for black males. The victimization rate for black females was three times greater than the rate for white females. While black females and white males were at comparable homicide risk, the victimization rate for black males was eight times greater than either of them, and 20 times greater than the rate for white females. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#4_967280362 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: A popular homicide myth says that most female homicide victims are killed by strangers. The reality is that the majority of homicide victims, particularly women, are killed by someone they know. The UCR data over the years completely debunk the myth about "stranger danger" and homicide. At the same time, however, there are gender differences in the nature of the relationship between victims and offenders and the location of homicide crime scenes. Men are most likely to be killed by a friend or an acquaintance in a public place such as the street or a sporting event. This is due in part to the fact that men are more likely than women to be in public places that increase their victimization risk such as a bar or pool room. article continues after advertisement
In contrast, women are most likely to be killed at home by a current or former male intimate—that is, a husband, boyfriend, ex-husband or former boyfriend. Making this point, the UCR data from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s found that a female is more than 2.5 times as likely to be shot by her male intimate partner as to be shot, stabbed, strangled, bludgeoned, or killed in any other way by a stranger. The UCR data for the years 1980 to 2008 reveal that less than 12 percent of all female victims were murdered by strangers, compared to nearly 26 percent of all male victims. In addition, nearly 42 percent of all female murder victims were killed by an intimate partner versus only 7 percent of male victims. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#5_967282337 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: This is due in part to the fact that men are more likely than women to be in public places that increase their victimization risk such as a bar or pool room. article continues after advertisement
In contrast, women are most likely to be killed at home by a current or former male intimate—that is, a husband, boyfriend, ex-husband or former boyfriend. Making this point, the UCR data from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s found that a female is more than 2.5 times as likely to be shot by her male intimate partner as to be shot, stabbed, strangled, bludgeoned, or killed in any other way by a stranger. The UCR data for the years 1980 to 2008 reveal that less than 12 percent of all female victims were murdered by strangers, compared to nearly 26 percent of all male victims. In addition, nearly 42 percent of all female murder victims were killed by an intimate partner versus only 7 percent of male victims. The data reveal that females are almost six times more likely than males to be killed by an intimate partner. In contrast, nearly 60 percent of male murder victims were killed by an acquaintance and approximately 25 percent were murdered by a stranger. The same data reveal that female victims were involved in nearly 64 percent of all intimate killings and 82 percent of all sex -related killings. Finally, male victims accounted for 90 percent of drug-related homicides and 95 percent of gang-related homicides between 1980 and 2008. Neither drug- or gang-related homicides typically involve intimates which helps to explain why the vast majority of victims in such cases are males. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#6_967284422 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: The data reveal that females are almost six times more likely than males to be killed by an intimate partner. In contrast, nearly 60 percent of male murder victims were killed by an acquaintance and approximately 25 percent were murdered by a stranger. The same data reveal that female victims were involved in nearly 64 percent of all intimate killings and 82 percent of all sex -related killings. Finally, male victims accounted for 90 percent of drug-related homicides and 95 percent of gang-related homicides between 1980 and 2008. Neither drug- or gang-related homicides typically involve intimates which helps to explain why the vast majority of victims in such cases are males. There is an old and pervasive myth which contends that women simply do not commit murder. This myth is based on traditional gender norms or expectations of behavior which include the idea that females are too passive and sweet to kill someone. article continues after advertisement
In reality, women do kill—albeit at much lower rates than men. The data over the years reveal that one in 10 murders is committed by a woman. For example, a total of 666,160 people were killed in the U.S. between 1960 and 1996, and approximately 90 percent of those murders were committed by males. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#7_967286173 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: There is an old and pervasive myth which contends that women simply do not commit murder. This myth is based on traditional gender norms or expectations of behavior which include the idea that females are too passive and sweet to kill someone. article continues after advertisement
In reality, women do kill—albeit at much lower rates than men. The data over the years reveal that one in 10 murders is committed by a woman. For example, a total of 666,160 people were killed in the U.S. between 1960 and 1996, and approximately 90 percent of those murders were committed by males. According to more recent UCR data for the years 1980 to 2008, males were seven times more likely to commit murder than females. The data reveal that homicide offending rates for both males and females followed the same general pattern as victimization rates. Specifically, the offending rate for females declined from 3.1 offenders per 100,000 persons in 1980 to 1.6 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2008. The offending rate for males peaked in 1991 at 20.8 per 100,000 persons, and then fell to a low of 11.3 per 100,000 persons in 2008. Similar to homicide victimization, a white female is the least likely homicide offender of all possible race and gender combinations. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#8_967287912 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: According to more recent UCR data for the years 1980 to 2008, males were seven times more likely to commit murder than females. The data reveal that homicide offending rates for both males and females followed the same general pattern as victimization rates. Specifically, the offending rate for females declined from 3.1 offenders per 100,000 persons in 1980 to 1.6 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2008. The offending rate for males peaked in 1991 at 20.8 per 100,000 persons, and then fell to a low of 11.3 per 100,000 persons in 2008. Similar to homicide victimization, a white female is the least likely homicide offender of all possible race and gender combinations. The data reveal that she is far less likely than a black female or a male of any race to become a murderer in the U.S. According to my estimates which are based on the UCR data for 2013, females of all races comprised 10 percent of the 14,132 murder offenders that year, and white females accounted for less than 5 percent of all offenders. The offending rate for white females was .7 per 100,000 persons in 2013. This compares to rates of 3.7 black females per 100,000 persons, 6.2 for white males and 35.2 for black males. The data for 2013 reveal that the offending rate for black females was five times greater than the rate for white females. article continues after advertisement
The data further show that black males, similar to their homicide victimization rate, had the highest offending rate of all. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201510/white-females-are-rarely-murder-victims-or-perpetrators |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485661585#9_967289876 | Title: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder | Psychology Today
Headings: Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Debunking Myths About Gender, Race and Murder
Reality is not what you might think.
Content: The data reveal that she is far less likely than a black female or a male of any race to become a murderer in the U.S. According to my estimates which are based on the UCR data for 2013, females of all races comprised 10 percent of the 14,132 murder offenders that year, and white females accounted for less than 5 percent of all offenders. The offending rate for white females was .7 per 100,000 persons in 2013. This compares to rates of 3.7 black females per 100,000 persons, 6.2 for white males and 35.2 for black males. The data for 2013 reveal that the offending rate for black females was five times greater than the rate for white females. article continues after advertisement
The data further show that black males, similar to their homicide victimization rate, had the highest offending rate of all. The offending rate for black males was six times greater than white males, nine times greater than black females, and 50 times greater than the rate for white females. In separate research, I examine the public’s intense fascination with notorious and deadly serial killers, including David Berkowitz (“Son of Sam”) and Dennis Rader (“Bind, Torture, Kill”) with whom I personally corresponded, in my best-selling book Why We Love Serial Killers: The Curious Appeal of the World’s Most Savage Murderers. Dr. Scott Bonn is a criminologist, professor, author and TV analyst. Follow him @DocBonn on Twitter and visit his website docbonn.com
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485669855#0_967291870 | Title: Homicide Fact: Age Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Murder is an act of the young.
Content: Homicide Fact: Age Matters | Psychology Today
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Wicked Deeds
Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Murder is an act of the young. Posted Jan 25, 2016
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Source: Public Domain
It is a fact that some people are at higher risk than others of becoming a homicide victim, and one of the leading risk factors is age. Age is inversely related to homicide risk, so that risk decreases as age increases. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data, the average age of homicide victims fell from 34.1 years in 1980 to 31.3 years in 1994, and then increased to 32.7 years by 2008. The data also show that homicide victimization rates are highest for adolescents and young adults. The number of young people who are murdered has dropped steadily since 1993, as it has for all age groups, but adolescents and young adults remain at highest risk of being murdered. Those younger than adolescence also become murder victims. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201601/homicide-fact-age-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485669855#1_967293219 | Title: Homicide Fact: Age Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Murder is an act of the young.
Content: Age is inversely related to homicide risk, so that risk decreases as age increases. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data, the average age of homicide victims fell from 34.1 years in 1980 to 31.3 years in 1994, and then increased to 32.7 years by 2008. The data also show that homicide victimization rates are highest for adolescents and young adults. The number of young people who are murdered has dropped steadily since 1993, as it has for all age groups, but adolescents and young adults remain at highest risk of being murdered. Those younger than adolescence also become murder victims. Sadly, even young children are at risk, and homicide is a major cause of death among infants and toddlers. Homicide is the third leading cause of death of all persons under the age of five, and it is the leading cause of infant deaths due to injury. More than eighty percent of infant homicides are considered to be the result of fatal child abuse. In most of these deaths, the perpetrator is a primary caretaker of the child—that is, a parent, stepparent or domestic partner of a parent. The most common method of infant homicide is a tiny victim being beaten with fists or kicked to death. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201601/homicide-fact-age-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485669855#2_967294816 | Title: Homicide Fact: Age Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Age Matters
Murder is an act of the young.
Content: Sadly, even young children are at risk, and homicide is a major cause of death among infants and toddlers. Homicide is the third leading cause of death of all persons under the age of five, and it is the leading cause of infant deaths due to injury. More than eighty percent of infant homicides are considered to be the result of fatal child abuse. In most of these deaths, the perpetrator is a primary caretaker of the child—that is, a parent, stepparent or domestic partner of a parent. The most common method of infant homicide is a tiny victim being beaten with fists or kicked to death. The age pattern for homicide offenders follows a pattern similar to homicide victims—that is, homicide offending rates decrease with age. According to the UCR data, the average age of homicide offenders fell from 29.6 years in 1980 to 26.4 years in 1994, and then increased to 28.8 years in 2008. From 1980 to 2008, young adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four consistently had the highest offending rate of all age groups. This rate nearly doubled from 1985 to 1993, as it climbed from 22.1 to 43.1 offenders per 100,000 persons. Since 1993, the rate for eighteen-to-twenty-four-year-olds has declined to 24.6 homicide offenders per 100,000 persons in 2008. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201601/homicide-fact-age-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485677897#2_967315230 | Title: Homicide Fact: Race Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Murder is an intra-racial crime
Content: Together, this represents less than five percent of the 16,929 murder victims that year. By the way, the "white" category in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) includes non-black Hispanics. In very rare instances of murder where an alleged offender and victim are of different races, such as George Zimmerman (white offender)-Trayvon Martin (black victim) or OJ Simpson (black offender)-Nicole Brown (white victim), the news media transform them into global spectacles through exhaustive media coverage and debate. The news reporting of rare inter-racial murder cases typically becomes racialized and politicized in tone, which has the calamitous effect of dividing the public along racial lines. This can lead to anger, resentment and inter-racial violence, as was the case after the murder trials of both George Zimmerman and OJ Simpson. Also, lengthy, massive media coverage of such incidents makes inter-racial homicide seem much more common than is the case. This result may suit the agendas of racist opinion leaders or those in the media looking to exploit public fears for their commercial gain, but promoting the myth of inter-racial murder is a gross social injustice that harms everyone. Nevertheless, homicide risk is highly correlated to race. More specifically, being black in the U.S. dramatically increases one’s homicide risk. It is an empirical fact that the risk of homicide is much higher for blacks than whites, in general, and young African-American males, in particular, have the highest homicide risk of all demographic groups. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201602/homicide-fact-race-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485677897#5_967321448 | Title: Homicide Fact: Race Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Murder is an intra-racial crime
Content: According to the UCR, the victimization rate for blacks peaked in the early 1990s, reaching a high of 39.4 homicides per 100,000 persons in 1991. After 1991, the victimization rate for blacks fell until 1999, when it stabilized near 20 homicides per 100,000 persons. In 2008, the homicide victimization rate for blacks was 19.6 homicides per 100,000 persons while the rate for whites was 3.3 homicides per 100,000 persons. article continues after advertisement
The offending rate for blacks showed a similar pattern to the victimization rate, peaking in the early 1990s at a high of 51.1 offenders per 100,000 persons in 1991. After 1991, the offending rate for blacks declined until it reached 24 per 100,000 persons in 2004. The rate has fluctuated since then, increasing to 28.4 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2006 before falling again to 24.7 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2008. In 2008, the off ending rate for blacks was 24.7 offenders per 100,000 persons compared to the rate for whites of 3.4 offenders per 100,000 persons. To summarize the data on homicide and race, and offer perspective, the UCR reveals that both the offending rate and victimization rate for blacks are six times greater than the same rates for whites. Moreover, this pattern is not new. The staggering racial disparity in homicide rates is due to the fact that blacks are so grossly over represented among both victims and offenders. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201602/homicide-fact-race-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485677897#6_967323259 | Title: Homicide Fact: Race Matters | Psychology Today
Headings: Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Homicide Fact: Race Matters
Murder is an intra-racial crime
Content: The rate has fluctuated since then, increasing to 28.4 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2006 before falling again to 24.7 offenders per 100,000 persons in 2008. In 2008, the off ending rate for blacks was 24.7 offenders per 100,000 persons compared to the rate for whites of 3.4 offenders per 100,000 persons. To summarize the data on homicide and race, and offer perspective, the UCR reveals that both the offending rate and victimization rate for blacks are six times greater than the same rates for whites. Moreover, this pattern is not new. The staggering racial disparity in homicide rates is due to the fact that blacks are so grossly over represented among both victims and offenders. Once again, it bears repeating that homicide is overwhelmingly an intra-racial crime. According to the statistical data, the most likely victim and perpetrator of murder in the U.S. is a young, black male, approximately twenty-one years of age. Thus, incredibly, the same individual could be either the victim or the offender in the most likely murder scenario. In other research, I examine the public’s intense fascination with notorious and deadly serial killers, including David Berkowitz (“Son of Sam”) and Dennis Rader (“Bind, Torture, Kill”) with whom I personally corresponded, in Why We Love Serial Killers: The Curious Appeal of the World’s Most Savage Murderers . | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201602/homicide-fact-race-matters |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#0_967513955 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Wicked Deeds
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men. Posted Jun 24, 2019
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Aileen Wuornos Mugshot
Source: Public Domain
There is a popularly held myth that serial killers are all men. This notion is simply not true, but it's understandable why many people would hold this erroneous belief. As late as 1998, a highly regarded former FBI profiler said, "There are no female serial killers." In addition, the news and entertainment media perpetuate stereotypes that serial offenders are all men, and that women do not engage in horrible acts of violence and murder. On the contrary, female serial killers certainly do exist, but their motivations differ significantly from their male counterparts. In particular, sex is generally much farther down on the list of motivations for female serial killers. In fact, sexual or sadistic motives are extremely rare among female serial murderers. Psychopathic traits and histories of childhood abuse are often found among the very few female serial killers who have sexual or sadistic motives. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#1_967515626 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: In addition, the news and entertainment media perpetuate stereotypes that serial offenders are all men, and that women do not engage in horrible acts of violence and murder. On the contrary, female serial killers certainly do exist, but their motivations differ significantly from their male counterparts. In particular, sex is generally much farther down on the list of motivations for female serial killers. In fact, sexual or sadistic motives are extremely rare among female serial murderers. Psychopathic traits and histories of childhood abuse are often found among the very few female serial killers who have sexual or sadistic motives. Unlike male serial killers who are frequently driven by sexual lust, female serial murderers tend to take a much more pragmatic approach to their killings. Female serial killers are much more likely than males to kill for profit or revenge , and, therefore, they are more likely to fall into the category of a hedonist comfort/gain killer than any other type. Unlike male serial killers who usually target unknown victims, females tend to kill men who are emotionally and physically closest to them—particularly husbands or lovers—and they generally kill to improve their lifestyle. However, victims of female serial killers are not confined to male husbands or lovers. An important psychological study of 86 female serial killers in the U.S. found that their victims also included children and the elderly (1). | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#2_967517559 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: Unlike male serial killers who are frequently driven by sexual lust, female serial murderers tend to take a much more pragmatic approach to their killings. Female serial killers are much more likely than males to kill for profit or revenge , and, therefore, they are more likely to fall into the category of a hedonist comfort/gain killer than any other type. Unlike male serial killers who usually target unknown victims, females tend to kill men who are emotionally and physically closest to them—particularly husbands or lovers—and they generally kill to improve their lifestyle. However, victims of female serial killers are not confined to male husbands or lovers. An important psychological study of 86 female serial killers in the U.S. found that their victims also included children and the elderly (1). The news and entertainment media have popularized the female comfort/gain killer in the cultural image of the "Black Widow." The Black Widow serial killer is a woman who murders three or more husbands or lovers for financial or material gain over the course of her criminal career. The Black Widow killer was featured in the 1944 classic dark comedy film Arsenic and Old Lace starring Cary Grant. This highly popular film tells the fictional tale of two sisters who murder elderly gentlemen by serving them elderberry wine laced with arsenic. Although they comprise less than 15 percent of all serial killers, females are very effective in their work and they typically use quieter and less messy methods to kill than their male counterparts. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#3_967519595 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: The news and entertainment media have popularized the female comfort/gain killer in the cultural image of the "Black Widow." The Black Widow serial killer is a woman who murders three or more husbands or lovers for financial or material gain over the course of her criminal career. The Black Widow killer was featured in the 1944 classic dark comedy film Arsenic and Old Lace starring Cary Grant. This highly popular film tells the fictional tale of two sisters who murder elderly gentlemen by serving them elderberry wine laced with arsenic. Although they comprise less than 15 percent of all serial killers, females are very effective in their work and they typically use quieter and less messy methods to kill than their male counterparts. The methods they use for murder are more covert or low-profile, such as murder by poisoning, which was the preferred choice or modus operandi of female serial killers in the aforementioned research study. Other methods of murder that were also identified in the study of female serial killers include shooting, stabbing, suffocation, and drowning (1). Female comfort/gain killers are frequently involved in theft, fraud, or embezzlement prior to becoming serial killers due to their interest in material things. Although most female serial killers murder for money or other profit, some do it for the attention and sympathy they receive following the death of someone they cared for. It is not uncommon for female comfort/gain killers to be employed as caretakers in nursing homes for the elderly. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#4_967521607 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: The methods they use for murder are more covert or low-profile, such as murder by poisoning, which was the preferred choice or modus operandi of female serial killers in the aforementioned research study. Other methods of murder that were also identified in the study of female serial killers include shooting, stabbing, suffocation, and drowning (1). Female comfort/gain killers are frequently involved in theft, fraud, or embezzlement prior to becoming serial killers due to their interest in material things. Although most female serial killers murder for money or other profit, some do it for the attention and sympathy they receive following the death of someone they cared for. It is not uncommon for female comfort/gain killers to be employed as caretakers in nursing homes for the elderly. Female serial killers generally operate in a specific place that they know well, such as their home, or a health care facility where they are employed. They rarely go trolling for victims out in the open as male serial killers often do, but rather find victims in their family or workplace. Dorothea Puente, the Sacramento boarding house landlady who robbed and murdered her elderly guests, was the prototypical, female hedonist comfort/gain killer. article continues after advertisement
Occasionally, a female serial killer will become involved with a male serial killer as part of a serial killing team. In such instances, the female will typically be the more submissive of the two and help to select victims in order to please her dominant male partner. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#5_967523633 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: Female serial killers generally operate in a specific place that they know well, such as their home, or a health care facility where they are employed. They rarely go trolling for victims out in the open as male serial killers often do, but rather find victims in their family or workplace. Dorothea Puente, the Sacramento boarding house landlady who robbed and murdered her elderly guests, was the prototypical, female hedonist comfort/gain killer. article continues after advertisement
Occasionally, a female serial killer will become involved with a male serial killer as part of a serial killing team. In such instances, the female will typically be the more submissive of the two and help to select victims in order to please her dominant male partner. The husband and wife serial killing team of Gerald and Charlene Gallego provides an example of this rare affiliation. Between 1978 and 1980, the Gallegos killed a total of 10 victims, mostly female teenagers, whom they kept as sex slaves prior to murdering them. The victims were selected primarily for the lurid sexual gratification of Gerald Gallego, who was the dominant partner in the murderous relationship. A notable exception to the typical characteristics of female serial killers was the notorious highway prostitute Aileen Wuornos, who killed outdoors instead of at home, used a gun instead of poison, killed strangers instead of friends or family, and killed for personal gratification and vengeance. It is my belief that Aileen Wuornos rose to infamy primarily because she was atypical of female serial killers, in that she "killed like a man." | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#6_967525720 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: The husband and wife serial killing team of Gerald and Charlene Gallego provides an example of this rare affiliation. Between 1978 and 1980, the Gallegos killed a total of 10 victims, mostly female teenagers, whom they kept as sex slaves prior to murdering them. The victims were selected primarily for the lurid sexual gratification of Gerald Gallego, who was the dominant partner in the murderous relationship. A notable exception to the typical characteristics of female serial killers was the notorious highway prostitute Aileen Wuornos, who killed outdoors instead of at home, used a gun instead of poison, killed strangers instead of friends or family, and killed for personal gratification and vengeance. It is my belief that Aileen Wuornos rose to infamy primarily because she was atypical of female serial killers, in that she "killed like a man." The lack of public awareness of female serial killers prior to Aileen Wuornos was due to the virtual absence of female serial killers in the news and entertainment media. Until Wuornos, the mass media almost always depicted a serial perpetrator as a deranged man, due to the erroneous and paternalistic societal notion that women could not commit such crimes. Unlike the obscure and rarely discussed Black Widow killers throughout history, Wuornos became a popular culture icon because she defied stereotypes and did not kill "demurely," as societal norms dictate that a woman should. Interestingly, the most prolific serial killer in all of history may have been female—Hungarian Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed, who was born on August 17, 1560. Elizabeth was a countess from the renowned Báthory family in Hungary. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#7_967527886 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: The lack of public awareness of female serial killers prior to Aileen Wuornos was due to the virtual absence of female serial killers in the news and entertainment media. Until Wuornos, the mass media almost always depicted a serial perpetrator as a deranged man, due to the erroneous and paternalistic societal notion that women could not commit such crimes. Unlike the obscure and rarely discussed Black Widow killers throughout history, Wuornos became a popular culture icon because she defied stereotypes and did not kill "demurely," as societal norms dictate that a woman should. Interestingly, the most prolific serial killer in all of history may have been female—Hungarian Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed, who was born on August 17, 1560. Elizabeth was a countess from the renowned Báthory family in Hungary. Following her husband's death, the countess and four collaborators allegedly tortured, sexually assaulted, and killed hundreds of girls and young women. Incredibly, Elizabeth was never tried or convicted of any crimes herself. Nevertheless, to pacify the public in 1610, the countess was placed under house arrest in the Csejte Castle, where she remained bricked in a set of rooms until her death four years later in 1614. References
1. Frei, A., Völlm, B., Graf, M. and Dittmann, V. 2006. “ | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485767657#9_967530919 | Title: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
The Unique Motives of Female Serial Killers
Women kill for very different reasons than men.
Content: Female serial killing: Review and case report.” Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 16 (3), pp. 167-176. SHARE
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Female killers
Submitted by Cam on June 25, 2019 - 11:58pm
What about mothers who kill their children? Are they in another category? It seems they either do this in psychotic rage or a premeditated plan to murder their kids. Reply to Cam
Quote Cam
Murder by proxy? Submitted by Old dog on June 26, 2019 - 6:20am
Could it be that women are better at getting away with murder? Or perhaps they are more likely to get someone else to do the dirty work for them? | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201906/the-unique-motives-female-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485776221#1_967538230 | Title: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Much of what we think we know is untrue.
Content: Media stereotypes and hyperbole create myths and great distortions in the public consciousness regarding the true dynamics and patterns of serial murder in the U.S.
The media are not alone in their misrepresentation of serial murder. Law enforcement professionals also circulate misinformation and stereotypes about serial homicide due to their reliance on anecdotal information rather than scientifically documented patterns of serial killer behavior. Perhaps this should not be surprising because professionals involved in serial murder investigations, including detectives, prosecutors, and pathologists, often have very limited prior exposure to such cases. As noted by the FBI in a 2005 report titled Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators, the extreme rarity of serial homicide means that even a veteran professional’s total experience may be limited to a single investigation, so he/she is likely to extrapolate the factors from that one experience when presented with a new serial murder case to solve (1). As a result of this investigative practice, certain stereotypes and misconceptions take root among law enforcement authorities regarding the nature of serial homicide and the characteristics of serial killers. These stereotypes and misinformation are disseminated to the general public by state authorities via the news media in their official statements about the status of serial murder investigations. Because the news media must rely on state authorities to provide both the formal definitions of serial homicide and the details of particular cases, they generally report what they are told by authorities without question. At the same time, law enforcement authorities must rely on the news media to distribute their formal statements to the public. A quid pro quo relationship exists between law enforcement authorities and the news media that leads them to perpetuate stereotypes about serial killers without even being aware of it. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201907/facts-and-fictions-about-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485776221#4_967545119 | Title: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Much of what we think we know is untrue.
Content: Oversimplification by state authorities and the news media has kept the public in the dark about the real complexity of serial killers, including the very diverse emotional needs and compulsions that drive them to murder innocent people who, generally speaking, are complete strangers to them. article continues after advertisement
Perhaps it will come as no surprise that the public typically overestimates the number of serial killers operating in America. As measured by opinion polls, the general public believes that serial killers are responsible for about 25 percent of all murders in the U.S. In reality, serial homicides represent a much smaller portion of all murders than that. Serial killings account for no more than 1 percent of all murders committed in the U.S.
Based on recent FBI crime statistics, there are approximately 17,000 murders annually, so that means there are no more than 170 victims of serial murder in the U.S. in any given year. The FBI estimates that there are between twenty-five and fifty serial killers operating throughout the U.S. at any given time. If there are 50, then each one is responsible for an average of 3.4 murders per year. Serial killers are always present in society. However, the statistics reveal that serial homicide is quite rare and it represents a small portion of all murders committed in the U.S. Serial killers are not nearly as prevalent or prolific as believed by most Americans. Persistent misinformation, stereotypes, and hyperbole presented in the media have combined with the relative rarity of serial murder cases to foster a number of popular myths about serial murder. The most common myths about serial killers encompass such factors as their race, gender, intelligence, living conditions, and victim characteristics. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201907/facts-and-fictions-about-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_485776221#5_967547359 | Title: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers | Psychology Today
Headings: Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Scott A. Bonn Ph.D.
Facts and Fictions About Serial Killers
Much of what we think we know is untrue.
Content: If there are 50, then each one is responsible for an average of 3.4 murders per year. Serial killers are always present in society. However, the statistics reveal that serial homicide is quite rare and it represents a small portion of all murders committed in the U.S. Serial killers are not nearly as prevalent or prolific as believed by most Americans. Persistent misinformation, stereotypes, and hyperbole presented in the media have combined with the relative rarity of serial murder cases to foster a number of popular myths about serial murder. The most common myths about serial killers encompass such factors as their race, gender, intelligence, living conditions, and victim characteristics. Dr. Scott Bonn is a criminologist, professor, and media expert. Follow him @DocBonn on Twitter and visit his website at docbonn.com
References
1) Morton, R.J. 2005. Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators. National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201907/facts-and-fictions-about-serial-killers |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486263172#0_968442481 | Title: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”? | Psychology Today
Headings: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
Philip Yanos Ph.D.
Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
The oft-repeated phrase is seldom questioned.
Content: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”? | Psychology Today
Philip Yanos Ph.D.
Written Off
Is the Mental Health System “Broken”? The oft-repeated phrase is seldom questioned. Posted Oct 11, 2018
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“The mental health system is broken.” This phrase is now used with great regularity by the popular media, politicians, “advocacy” organizations, and even governments themselves responsible for delivering mental health services (a Google search of the phrase in quotes turned up over 51,000 search results). Related to endorsement of this statement are beliefs that mental health service providers fail in their responsibility to prevent mass shootings ( endorsed by nearly half of Americans ), that homelessness is caused by deinstutionalization, and that community mental health systems abandon people released from psychiatric hospitals with no aftercare follow-up. The New York Times, speaking from its editorial page platform this past June, went so far as to proclaim that no one disagrees that the current community-based mental health system is a “colossal failure” (with the recommendation that more people with mental illnesses need to be permanently confined in institutions). When phrases are repeated so frequently, they can become part of the “ conventional wisdom ,” defined as “generally accepted belief, opinion, judgment, or prediction about a particular matter.” The conventional wisdom is a potentially powerful tool for influencing social behavior, and can thus be a force for good or ill, depending on how closely it aligns with scientific evidence. Researcher and sociologist Bruce Link has discussed the need for researchers to communicate scientific findings in order to turn “social misunderstanding” in the general public into “social understanding.” | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/written/201810/is-the-mental-health-system-broken |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486263172#1_968444829 | Title: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”? | Psychology Today
Headings: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
Philip Yanos Ph.D.
Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
The oft-repeated phrase is seldom questioned.
Content: Related to endorsement of this statement are beliefs that mental health service providers fail in their responsibility to prevent mass shootings ( endorsed by nearly half of Americans ), that homelessness is caused by deinstutionalization, and that community mental health systems abandon people released from psychiatric hospitals with no aftercare follow-up. The New York Times, speaking from its editorial page platform this past June, went so far as to proclaim that no one disagrees that the current community-based mental health system is a “colossal failure” (with the recommendation that more people with mental illnesses need to be permanently confined in institutions). When phrases are repeated so frequently, they can become part of the “ conventional wisdom ,” defined as “generally accepted belief, opinion, judgment, or prediction about a particular matter.” The conventional wisdom is a potentially powerful tool for influencing social behavior, and can thus be a force for good or ill, depending on how closely it aligns with scientific evidence. Researcher and sociologist Bruce Link has discussed the need for researchers to communicate scientific findings in order to turn “social misunderstanding” in the general public into “social understanding.” As an example, he discussed how the conventional wisdom in the United States used to be that smoking cigarettes posed no health risks, despite evidence to the contrary (in 1954, only roughly 40% of persons with a high school education believed that smoking caused lung cancer); however, as a steady stream of evidence from the research community began to reach the public’s awareness, this gradually changed, such that, by 1999 over 90% of US residents with a high school education endorsed that smoking causes lung cancer (greater than the proportion believing that the Earth revolves around the Sun!). Link pointed out that the transformation of the “conventional wisdom” in this regard has been associated with corresponding dramatic reductions in smoking behavior and increases in life expectancy in the US general public. Is the conventional wisdom that “the mental health system is broken” accurate and helpful? Taking a closer look at the phrase, implicit in it is the assumption that the mental health system was once whole. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/written/201810/is-the-mental-health-system-broken |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486263172#2_968447673 | Title: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”? | Psychology Today
Headings: Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
Philip Yanos Ph.D.
Is the Mental Health System “Broken”?
The oft-repeated phrase is seldom questioned.
Content: As an example, he discussed how the conventional wisdom in the United States used to be that smoking cigarettes posed no health risks, despite evidence to the contrary (in 1954, only roughly 40% of persons with a high school education believed that smoking caused lung cancer); however, as a steady stream of evidence from the research community began to reach the public’s awareness, this gradually changed, such that, by 1999 over 90% of US residents with a high school education endorsed that smoking causes lung cancer (greater than the proportion believing that the Earth revolves around the Sun!). Link pointed out that the transformation of the “conventional wisdom” in this regard has been associated with corresponding dramatic reductions in smoking behavior and increases in life expectancy in the US general public. Is the conventional wisdom that “the mental health system is broken” accurate and helpful? Taking a closer look at the phrase, implicit in it is the assumption that the mental health system was once whole. Essentially, this represents a yearning for the pre-deinstitutionalization system in which public-sector services consisted almost completely of state hospitals which confined people with serious mental disorders for indefinite periods (usually life). This represents the belief that indefinite confinement in hospitals is the best way for society to care for people with serious mental disorders. While the lives of people who lived in these institutions are generally shrouded in mystery, an impressive study was recently conducted which reviewed the abandoned suitcases of people who resided at one state institution in New York State which closed in 1995. Through an examination of letters and case notes, this study found that many individuals who lived in these settings (often symptom-free, according to case files), sometimes left behind promising lives in the community, and desperately wanted to leave but were not allowed to. Whether one considers a system that is based on indefinite confinement in hospitals to be ideal or not depends on one’s values and what one sees as the purpose of the mental health service system. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/written/201810/is-the-mental-health-system-broken |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#0_969547291 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Your Wise Brain
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive. Posted Nov 07, 2012
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Friend or Foe? The Practice: Be friendly. Why? Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach to others that is welcoming and positive. Think about a time when someone was friendly to you - maybe drawing you into a gathering, saying hello on the sidewalk, or smiling from across the room. How did that make you feel? Probably more included, comfortable, and at ease; safer; | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#1_969548221 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach to others that is welcoming and positive. Think about a time when someone was friendly to you - maybe drawing you into a gathering, saying hello on the sidewalk, or smiling from across the room. How did that make you feel? Probably more included, comfortable, and at ease; safer; more open and warm-hearted. When you are friendly to others, you offer them these same benefits. Plus you get rewarded yourself. Being friendly feels confident and happy, with a positive take on other people, moving toward the world instead of backing away from it. And it encourages others to be less guarded or reactive with you, since you're answering the ancient question from millions of years of evolution - friend or foe? - | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#2_969549341 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: more open and warm-hearted. When you are friendly to others, you offer them these same benefits. Plus you get rewarded yourself. Being friendly feels confident and happy, with a positive take on other people, moving toward the world instead of backing away from it. And it encourages others to be less guarded or reactive with you, since you're answering the ancient question from millions of years of evolution - friend or foe? - with an open hand and heart. In its own quiet way, ordinary friendliness takes a stand that is almost subversive these days: that the world has many more opportunities than threats, that most people want the best for others, that simple informal human connections tie this battered old planet together much more than jumbo corporations or mass media flickering on the walls of our upholstered caves. How? You can be friendly with intimates and strangers, co-workers and in-laws, babies and bosses - even those you know only in the abstract, like people on the other side of the world. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#3_969550726 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: with an open hand and heart. In its own quiet way, ordinary friendliness takes a stand that is almost subversive these days: that the world has many more opportunities than threats, that most people want the best for others, that simple informal human connections tie this battered old planet together much more than jumbo corporations or mass media flickering on the walls of our upholstered caves. How? You can be friendly with intimates and strangers, co-workers and in-laws, babies and bosses - even those you know only in the abstract, like people on the other side of the world. Of course, it is not always appropriate to be friendly with someone, such as to an adversary, or to someone who would misunderstand you. But opportunities for greater friendliness are probably all around you this week. To warm up your brain's circuits of friendliness, you could try one or more of these: · Recall being with someone who cares about you. · Remember when someone was friendly to you. · | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#4_969552096 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Of course, it is not always appropriate to be friendly with someone, such as to an adversary, or to someone who would misunderstand you. But opportunities for greater friendliness are probably all around you this week. To warm up your brain's circuits of friendliness, you could try one or more of these: · Recall being with someone who cares about you. · Remember when someone was friendly to you. · Bring to mind a time when you were friendly to someone. · Get a sense of the posture, movements, gestures, and facial expressions of a person you know who is naturally friendly. · Relax your body into a feeling of friendliness: leaning forward a little, rather than back; softening and opening your chest, face, and eyes; | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#5_969553214 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Bring to mind a time when you were friendly to someone. · Get a sense of the posture, movements, gestures, and facial expressions of a person you know who is naturally friendly. · Relax your body into a feeling of friendliness: leaning forward a little, rather than back; softening and opening your chest, face, and eyes; breathing goodwill in and out. Then look for everyday opportunities to be friendly. Often you'll just give a smile, handshake, or nod - and that's plenty. Maybe it's offering a few minutes to talk. Or a morning hug, or goodnight kiss. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#6_969554151 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: breathing goodwill in and out. Then look for everyday opportunities to be friendly. Often you'll just give a smile, handshake, or nod - and that's plenty. Maybe it's offering a few minutes to talk. Or a morning hug, or goodnight kiss. Or an extra touch of warmth in an email. Stretch yourself, but stay within the range of whatever is authentic. Remember that friendliness is not agreement or approval; it does not mean you have given up on whatever your stances may be in the relationship. Friendliness does not equal friendship; | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#7_969555052 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Or an extra touch of warmth in an email. Stretch yourself, but stay within the range of whatever is authentic. Remember that friendliness is not agreement or approval; it does not mean you have given up on whatever your stances may be in the relationship. Friendliness does not equal friendship; in truth, most relationships are with friendly acquaintances. Consider your family and friends. What about being more friendly with your lover or mate? Having worked with couples for many years, it's painful to see how often basic friendliness is a casualty in a long-term relationship. Or being more friendly toward parents, siblings - or your own children? | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#8_969556077 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: in truth, most relationships are with friendly acquaintances. Consider your family and friends. What about being more friendly with your lover or mate? Having worked with couples for many years, it's painful to see how often basic friendliness is a casualty in a long-term relationship. Or being more friendly toward parents, siblings - or your own children? Again, it's startling how easily friendliness can be crowded out of our most important relationships by busyness, little irritations and hurts, or weariness from working too hard. But bits of friendliness, sprinkled here and there, can be absolutely transformational in a relationship. Try it and see! article continues after advertisement
Also consider being friendlier toward people you might normally ignore or treat with distance, even coolness. Such as wait staff in restaurants, someone shuttling you to the airport, or - breaking the big taboo - strangers in an elevator. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_486811018#9_969557386 | Title: Be Friendly | Psychology Today
Headings: Be Friendly
Rick Hanson Ph.D.
Be Friendly
Friendliness is a down-to-earth approach that is welcoming and positive.
Content: Again, it's startling how easily friendliness can be crowded out of our most important relationships by busyness, little irritations and hurts, or weariness from working too hard. But bits of friendliness, sprinkled here and there, can be absolutely transformational in a relationship. Try it and see! article continues after advertisement
Also consider being friendlier toward people you might normally ignore or treat with distance, even coolness. Such as wait staff in restaurants, someone shuttling you to the airport, or - breaking the big taboo - strangers in an elevator. See what happens. Take in the rewards, like one small log after another, fueling that warm glowing fire on the hearth in your heart. Rick Hanson, Ph.D., is a neuropsychologist and author of Buddha’s Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom (in 22 languages) and Just One Thing: Developing a Buddha Brain One Simple Practice at a Time (in 9 languages). | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201211/be-friendly |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_496546696#4_978429015 | Title: Agency Theory AO1 AO2 AO3 - PSYCHOLOGY WIZARD
Headings: AGENCY THEORY
AGENCY THEORY
MILGRAM (1973)
AGENCY THEORY EXPLAINS BLIND OBEDIENCE
THE AGENTIC SHIFT
RESEARCH INTO AGENCY THEORY
THE FINDINGS OF STUDIES
APPLYING AGENCY THEORY (AO2)
OBEDIENCE IN THE REAL WORLD
EVALUATING AGENCY THEORY (AO3)
CODA
EXEMPLAR ESSAY
HOW TO WRITE A 8-MARK ESSAY
Content: In the Agentic State we perceive ourselves to be the agent of someone else’s will; the authority figure commanding us is responsible for what we do so we feel not guilt. We perceive some people to be “ authority figures ”. These people may carry symbols of authority (like a uniform) or possess status (like rank). An order from an authority figure triggers the agentic shift into the Agentic State. Moral Strain
When an authority figure issues an order that goes against our conscience, we experience moral strain. This is because we have two contradictory urges: to obey the authority figure (and society's expectations) and to obey our consciences (and keep our own self-image as "a good person"). Moral strain might appear as physical distress, like shaking or weeping. Milgram points out that his own participants used "defence mechanisms" (a term originally used by Freud) to lessen the moral strain: | https://www.psychologywizard.net/agency-theory-ao1-ao2-ao3.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_496546696#5_978430498 | Title: Agency Theory AO1 AO2 AO3 - PSYCHOLOGY WIZARD
Headings: AGENCY THEORY
AGENCY THEORY
MILGRAM (1973)
AGENCY THEORY EXPLAINS BLIND OBEDIENCE
THE AGENTIC SHIFT
RESEARCH INTO AGENCY THEORY
THE FINDINGS OF STUDIES
APPLYING AGENCY THEORY (AO2)
OBEDIENCE IN THE REAL WORLD
EVALUATING AGENCY THEORY (AO3)
CODA
EXEMPLAR ESSAY
HOW TO WRITE A 8-MARK ESSAY
Content: Moral Strain
When an authority figure issues an order that goes against our conscience, we experience moral strain. This is because we have two contradictory urges: to obey the authority figure (and society's expectations) and to obey our consciences (and keep our own self-image as "a good person"). Moral strain might appear as physical distress, like shaking or weeping. Milgram points out that his own participants used "defence mechanisms" (a term originally used by Freud) to lessen the moral strain: Denial: some of the participants in Milgram's study minimised the pain they were causing to the Learner, convincing themselves that the shocks weren't dangerous (even though "DANGER" was written on the shock generator); Milgram argues that many people in Nazi Germany did this, refusing to believe what was going on in the death camps
Avoidance: many participants tried not to look at the Experimenter or even look up from the shock generator
Degree of Involvement: some participants only flicked the switches on the shock generator lightly, as if this would somehow lessen the pain
Helping the Learner: | https://www.psychologywizard.net/agency-theory-ao1-ao2-ao3.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_496678400#6_978633992 | Title: Rosenhan AO1 AO3 - PSYCHOLOGY WIZARD
Headings: ROSENHAN (1973) ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES
ROSENHAN (1973) ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES
ROSENHAN (1973)
THE CLASSIC STUDY: THE PSEUDOPATIENT STUDY
THE PSEUDOPATIENTS
DIAGNOSING SCHIZOPHRENIA
ROSENHAN'S STUDY
APRC
DIAGNOSTIC LABELS
ANOTHER FOLLOW-ON STUDY
A FIELD EXPERIMENT
EVALUATING ROSENHAN AO3
GRAVE
EXEMPLAR ESSAY
AN 8-MARK ESSAY ON THE CLASSIC STUDY
Content: they were not delusional or deviant and had no abnormal problems in their work or relationships. Even by the vague standards of DSM-II, they shouldn't have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, so this is a false positive. YouTube
Mr Bodin
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7-minute video summing up the study
ROSENHAN'S STUDY
APRC
Aim
Rosenhan wanted to test the reliability of mental health diagnosis, to see if medical professionals could tell the sane from the insane in a clinical setting. He also wanted to investigate the effect of labeling on medical diagnosis. In particular, Rosenhan investigated whether healthy pseudopatients would be given a diagnosis of mental illness and whether their imposture would be recognised by medical staff and other patients. | https://www.psychologywizard.net/rosenhan-ao1-ao3.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_497572584#0_979969258 | Title: Classical Conditioning | PsychPoint
Headings: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Contents
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov’s Dog Experiments
John B. Watson
Little Albert
Classical Conditioning and Extinction
Link To This Article
Content: Classical Conditioning | PsychPoint
Classical Conditioning
GinaMarie Guarino, LMHC
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Contents
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov’s Dog Experiments
John B. Watson
Little Albert
Classical Conditioning and Extinction
Classical conditioning is a process of learning through stimulation. With classical conditioning, a subject learns a behavior in response to a stimulus. This behavior is learned through repetition. The more a stimulus is presented to a subject, the more likely they are to expect a certain response. The concept of classical conditioning was first proposed by Dr. Ivan Pavlov. In 1927, Pavlov conducted an experiment. The experiment started as an experiment on the digestive system of a dog, but grew into a new direction. After Pavlov’s observation about a dog’s behavior in response to food, he created a new experiment. This experiment was intended to test methods of eliciting a response to stimuli. His experiment marked a milestone in understanding the human condition. | https://www.psychpoint.com/mental-health/articles/classical-conditioning/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_497893183#4_980791990 | Title: The Role of Adversity Quotient in Dealing with Everyday Challenges | Psychreg
Headings: The Role of Adversity Quotient in Dealing with Everyday Challenges
The Role of Adversity Quotient in Dealing with Everyday Challenges
Content: It is also an established science, theory, and approach for becoming measurably more resilient. The more resilient you are, the more effectively and constructively you respond to life’s difficulties – and the more fulfilling life becomes. When it comes to dealing with everyday challenges, or even a catastrophic one, I think AQ is a more powerful coping mechanism than IQ. PEAK Learning describes AQ as the bedrock of human endeavour and claims that enhancing AQ can result in gains in productivity, capacity, performance, innovation and morale. And the good news is that just like IQ, AQ could also be improved. One tip that I have come across with about enhancing our AQ is through getting feedback from people. Also, Todd Mayfield advises to ‘pray and process about what adverse circumstances drag you down. Think through how you can interrupt your fixed response patterns. Left unchecked, these patterns will remain with you for a lifetime.’ Mayfield’s advice makes sense because by getting feedback from other people we learn how to ‘polish’ ourselves, and makes us better in coping with the next challenges that we will face. | https://www.psychreg.org/adversity-quotient/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_498123163#2_981391518 | Title: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health | Psychreg
Headings: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Nicole Carman
Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Benefits of practising self-care
Do we practise self-care enough?
Why is this the reality for so many of us?
Self-care ideas
Content: Benefits of practising self-care
Self-care improves our lives in different areas and in different ways, all of which are important to our overall health. Practising self-care can have remarkable effects on our self-esteem. When we take care of ourselves, it affirms our self-worth. By taking care of ourselves and our needs, we’re telling ourselves, ‘I deserve this’. And we do. With regular self-care, our self-awareness is greatly enhanced. Our go-to activities will usually be something that we already enjoy, but it also gives us the opportunity to branch out and try new things. This enables us to figure out what we do and doesn’t like and, if we discover new interests, it can potentially lead to new passions and goals. Self-care encourages self-improvement. It promotes rest and relaxation, which benefits our overall health and wellness, and it also promotes healthy relationships. | https://www.psychreg.org/self-care-vital-mental-health/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_498123163#3_981392920 | Title: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health | Psychreg
Headings: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Nicole Carman
Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Benefits of practising self-care
Do we practise self-care enough?
Why is this the reality for so many of us?
Self-care ideas
Content: With regular self-care, our self-awareness is greatly enhanced. Our go-to activities will usually be something that we already enjoy, but it also gives us the opportunity to branch out and try new things. This enables us to figure out what we do and doesn’t like and, if we discover new interests, it can potentially lead to new passions and goals. Self-care encourages self-improvement. It promotes rest and relaxation, which benefits our overall health and wellness, and it also promotes healthy relationships. When our self-esteem and self-awareness improves, it has a positive effect on our overall mindset. This, in turn, enables us to care for our friends and loved ones in a way that we might not have been able to do before. Do we practise self-care enough? I am a member of the wonderfully supportive mental health community on Twitter. I decided to poll some of my friends to see if they practise self-care as often as they feel like they need to. | https://www.psychreg.org/self-care-vital-mental-health/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_498123163#9_981401286 | Title: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health | Psychreg
Headings: Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Nicole Carman
Why Self-Care Is Vital to Our Mental Health
Benefits of practising self-care
Do we practise self-care enough?
Why is this the reality for so many of us?
Self-care ideas
Content: Establish or develop a skincare routine. Take time to exfoliate your face and/or moisturise your skin. Take a nap. Never underestimate the power of a good, refreshing nap! Cook a healthy, filling meal with your significant other or spouse. Or, nothing is wrong with ordering takeaway and having a date night at home. Do some yoga or go for a nice walk. You don’t have to do vigorous exercise to be physically healthy. Drawing or colouring can be a wonderful way to relax and wind down from the day. Colour in a colouring book, or do some watercolour. | https://www.psychreg.org/self-care-vital-mental-health/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_499254163#6_984255412 | Title: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
Headings: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
Could the coronavirus lead to a national suicide crisis? Here's what experts are saying.
The Risk Factors For Covid-19 Suicides
Social Distancing and Isolation
Economic Stress
Barriers To Mental Healthcare
Constant and Pervasive Collective Anxiety
Increase In Gun Sales
Frontline Workers
How To Help
Other Things We Can All Do
Signup for our FREE eNewsletter
Content: And, those numbers may actually be even worse. The government data comes from surveys conducted the second week in April and by now many more could be out of work, and the many self-employed workers and others newly eligible for unemployment benefits aren’t included in that figure. Also, the way the survey works is that it only counts people who are unemployed and looking for work. Given we’re in the middle of a pandemic, not a lot of people are going on job interviews right now. The possible silver lining is that a majority of those people counted in the unemployment number think that it’s only temporary. Debt is a huge mental health burden. According to research presented by The Aspen Institute 16 percent of suicides in the United States occur in response to a financial problem. Dr. Thomas Richardson, PhD., agrees that there is a strong relationship between debt and mental health problems. He and his research team did a big analysis of existing studies and found debt to be significantly correlated to: Depression
Suicide completion
Suicide completion or attempt
Problem drinking
Drug dependence
Neurotic disorder
Psychotic disorders
None of this is new. | https://www.psycom.net/covid-19-suicide-rates |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_499254163#7_984257288 | Title: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
Headings: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Suicide Rates
Could the coronavirus lead to a national suicide crisis? Here's what experts are saying.
The Risk Factors For Covid-19 Suicides
Social Distancing and Isolation
Economic Stress
Barriers To Mental Healthcare
Constant and Pervasive Collective Anxiety
Increase In Gun Sales
Frontline Workers
How To Help
Other Things We Can All Do
Signup for our FREE eNewsletter
Content: Debt is a huge mental health burden. According to research presented by The Aspen Institute 16 percent of suicides in the United States occur in response to a financial problem. Dr. Thomas Richardson, PhD., agrees that there is a strong relationship between debt and mental health problems. He and his research team did a big analysis of existing studies and found debt to be significantly correlated to: Depression
Suicide completion
Suicide completion or attempt
Problem drinking
Drug dependence
Neurotic disorder
Psychotic disorders
None of this is new. After the stock market crashed in 1929, The New York Times reported 100 suicides and suicide attempts from October 24 through the end of the year. In more recent history, researchers estimated that the 2007 economic crisis in Europe and North America led to more than 10,000 extra suicides. Still other research shows that suicide rates increase both in years the stock market big drops—and in the year after. While no one has a crystal ball, the most respected economists say economic recovery will be long and shaky. For some perspective, Anita Gopinath, the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund wrote on her blog, “The cumulative loss to global GDP over 2020 and 2021 from the pandemic crisis could be around 9 trillion dollars, greater than the economies of Japan and Germany, combined.” | https://www.psycom.net/covid-19-suicide-rates |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_500038926#12_986130022 | Title: Inside America's Psychiatrist Shortage (Special Report)
Headings: Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
An in-depth look at why it’s happening, how bad it is, where it’s worst, and how to find the mental health help you need, despite it
Part 1
The Lack of Psychiatrists: Just One Barrier to Treatment
The Silent Shortage
Mental Health Fall-Out
Finding Help When You Can’t Find a Psychiatrist
Part 2
Can’t Find a Psychiatrist? How About an Advanced Practice Nurse, Physician Assistant or Prescribing Psychologist?
Can They Do What Psychiatrists Can Do?
Is Care Compromised When You Don’t See a Doctor?
Knocking Down Barriers
What Advanced Practice Nurses Can Do for You
What Psychiatric Physician Assistants Can Do for You
What Prescribing Psychologists Can Do for You
Part 3
The Psychiatrist Will See You Now—Virtually
The Health Insurance Gap
How Good Is It?
References:
Content: But “these low rates of acceptance may pose a barrier to access to mental health services,” they add. Mental Health Fall-Out
A shortage of psychiatrists isn’t the only problem faced by people with mental health conditions looking for treatment. For those with severe problems, in-patient programs are shrinking, for one thing. Health insurance may limit who you can see or the amount of help you’ll get, in inconvenient ways. That, plus the shortage, is leading to long wait times, shorter doctor visits for psychiatric issues, longer-running prescriptions for medications with less monitoring, and long wait times as more people end up in hospital emergency rooms when a mental health crisis. And it’s simply difficult getting a good diagnosis and treatment plan, especially for “vulnerable populations such as foster children and older adults,” according to the 2017 National Council for Behavioral Health report “The Psychiatric Shortage: Causes and Solutions.” [ 7]
Finding Help When You Can’t Find a Psychiatrist
It’s not easy, but these steps can help you or a loved one get mental-health help when you need it: Talk to your primary care provider. Your family doctor may be able to refer you to a psychiatrist with whom she has a professional relationship or who she trusts. | https://www.psycom.net/inside-americas-psychiatrist-shortage |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_500038926#13_986132531 | Title: Inside America's Psychiatrist Shortage (Special Report)
Headings: Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
An in-depth look at why it’s happening, how bad it is, where it’s worst, and how to find the mental health help you need, despite it
Part 1
The Lack of Psychiatrists: Just One Barrier to Treatment
The Silent Shortage
Mental Health Fall-Out
Finding Help When You Can’t Find a Psychiatrist
Part 2
Can’t Find a Psychiatrist? How About an Advanced Practice Nurse, Physician Assistant or Prescribing Psychologist?
Can They Do What Psychiatrists Can Do?
Is Care Compromised When You Don’t See a Doctor?
Knocking Down Barriers
What Advanced Practice Nurses Can Do for You
What Psychiatric Physician Assistants Can Do for You
What Prescribing Psychologists Can Do for You
Part 3
The Psychiatrist Will See You Now—Virtually
The Health Insurance Gap
How Good Is It?
References:
Content: And it’s simply difficult getting a good diagnosis and treatment plan, especially for “vulnerable populations such as foster children and older adults,” according to the 2017 National Council for Behavioral Health report “The Psychiatric Shortage: Causes and Solutions.” [ 7]
Finding Help When You Can’t Find a Psychiatrist
It’s not easy, but these steps can help you or a loved one get mental-health help when you need it: Talk to your primary care provider. Your family doctor may be able to refer you to a psychiatrist with whom she has a professional relationship or who she trusts. She may also be aware of other resources, like mental health clinics, group practices that also employ advanced practice nurses or physician assistants with a psychiatry specialty or community health centers. Your primary care provider may also feel comfortable prescribing and monitoring some medications for mental health issues and be able to refer you for other services you’ll need, such as therapy. Some doctors even participate in a new type of mental-health care called collaborative care, where they partner with a psychiatrist or a nurse practitioner or physician assistant to provide care in the family doctor’s office. “We know there’s a shortage of mental health professionals in America, so if you live in a community where there simply isn’t a psychiatrist, or you’d have to drive a great distance to see one, or there’s an incredible waitlist for the one or two that are in town, your primary care doctor is a good option,” says Christine Allen, a spokesperson for NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness. “ As part of their training, all doctors have to become familiar with mental health conditions. | https://www.psycom.net/inside-americas-psychiatrist-shortage |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_500038926#14_986135494 | Title: Inside America's Psychiatrist Shortage (Special Report)
Headings: Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
Inside America’s Psychiatrist Shortage
An in-depth look at why it’s happening, how bad it is, where it’s worst, and how to find the mental health help you need, despite it
Part 1
The Lack of Psychiatrists: Just One Barrier to Treatment
The Silent Shortage
Mental Health Fall-Out
Finding Help When You Can’t Find a Psychiatrist
Part 2
Can’t Find a Psychiatrist? How About an Advanced Practice Nurse, Physician Assistant or Prescribing Psychologist?
Can They Do What Psychiatrists Can Do?
Is Care Compromised When You Don’t See a Doctor?
Knocking Down Barriers
What Advanced Practice Nurses Can Do for You
What Psychiatric Physician Assistants Can Do for You
What Prescribing Psychologists Can Do for You
Part 3
The Psychiatrist Will See You Now—Virtually
The Health Insurance Gap
How Good Is It?
References:
Content: She may also be aware of other resources, like mental health clinics, group practices that also employ advanced practice nurses or physician assistants with a psychiatry specialty or community health centers. Your primary care provider may also feel comfortable prescribing and monitoring some medications for mental health issues and be able to refer you for other services you’ll need, such as therapy. Some doctors even participate in a new type of mental-health care called collaborative care, where they partner with a psychiatrist or a nurse practitioner or physician assistant to provide care in the family doctor’s office. “We know there’s a shortage of mental health professionals in America, so if you live in a community where there simply isn’t a psychiatrist, or you’d have to drive a great distance to see one, or there’s an incredible waitlist for the one or two that are in town, your primary care doctor is a good option,” says Christine Allen, a spokesperson for NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness. “ As part of their training, all doctors have to become familiar with mental health conditions. So, your family doctor will have general knowledge on mental health conditions—their knowledge likely won’t be as deep and rich as a doctor who has specialized in mental illness, but in the absence of a mental health professional, they will be a fine ally for you. Turn to your health insurer but beware of “ ghost” networks. “ Health insurance companies have case managers who can help you find a psychiatrist who accepts your insurance or an advanced practice nurse in psychiatry who practices alone or in a clinic or a doctor’s office,” says Gail Stern, RN, MSN, PMHCNS-BC, president of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. However, be aware that many managed care organizations tout the availability of clinicians in their provider networks, but upon contacting the providers on the lists patients have been know to experience wron | https://www.psycom.net/inside-americas-psychiatrist-shortage |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_500863390#2_988217457 | Title: Suicide Warning Signs: What to Look Out For
Headings: Suicide Warning Signs
Suicide Warning Signs
An expert explains what to look for and how to intervene if you suspect someone you love is contemplating suicide
Emotional Markers can include:
Learn More About Depression in the Elderly
Warning Signs For Kids
[ Click to Read: The Tragedy of Child Suicide]
What You Can Do Today?
Read More About Suicide Prevention
Signup for our FREE eNewsletter
Content: This is a myth, and mental health professionals encourage people to ask important questions and gather facts to help someone who is depressed or feels hopeless. When someone is contemplating suicide, their words and actions can give you clues that they are at risk for hurting themselves. People can become suicidal when they feel overwhelmed by life’s challenges. They lack hope for the future, and they see suicide as the only solution. It’s sort of a tunnel vision where other options seem useless. Having a family history of suicide or impulsive behavior is also believed to increase risk of suicidality. Other risk factors can include: History of substance abuse
Access to firearms
Difficult life events
Isolation from others
History of mental illness
History of physical or sexual abuse
Having a terminal or chronic illness
Past suicide attempts
The more signs you see, the higher the risk there is for suicide. Though talking about dying is an obvious sign, there are many others that can indicate risk. There are emotional, verbal, and behavior clues you can observe. | https://www.psycom.net/suicide-warning-signs |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_501200426#1_989080828 | Title: New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
Headings: New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
Content: “The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, a major funder of mental health research internationally, has called for a new approach to studying mental illness, to be shaped by investigating research domains rather than by investigating traditional categorical diagnoses. And the public is confused about what constitutes a mental disorder, a confusion resulting in ‘diagnosis shopping.'” “Our thesis is that progress in conceptualizing mental disorders has been delayed by the field’s limiting focus on cross-sectional information. Mental-health professionals typically encounter a patient at one point in his or her life. This cross-sectional view fosters a focus on the current presenting disorder, on the assumption that diagnosis informs about etiology and prognosis. But we actually know very little about how mental disorders unfold over the life span,” Caspi said. The researchers examined data from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study in New Zealand, which used repeated standardized psychiatric assessments to track 17 mental health conditions from age 11 to age 45. The study included more than one thousand participants and the mental health conditions were diagnosed according to DSM criteria. “These disorders included externalizing disorders (for example, ADHD, conduct disorder, substance dependence), internalizing disorders (for example, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD), and thought disorders (for example, mania, schizophrenia, OCD). This is the most detailed time series of mental-disorder life-histories ever assembled,” Caspi explained. | https://www.psypost.org/2020/08/new-psychology-study-finds-people-typically-experience-shifting-mental-disorders-over-their-lifespan-57618 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_501200426#6_989090851 | Title: New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
Headings: New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
New psychology study finds people typically experience shifting mental disorders over their lifespan
Content: a) age of onset, (b) duration of symptom history, and (c) number of different kinds of comorbid disorder symptoms. People with younger onset of symptoms, more years with symptoms, and more different kinds of symptoms tended to be the same people. These people also had more indicators of poor brain health at age 3, steeper child-to-adult cognitive decline, and older brain-age on structural MRI at midlife,” Caspi explained. “This finding cautions against over-reliance on etiological theories, research hypotheses, and clinical protocols that are specific to one diagnosis. Studying disorders one at a time does not accurately represent most patients’ lived experience of shifting across disorder families.” “Studying one disorder may mislead about specificity and hide transdiagnostic discoveries from view. There is a need for measurement instruments that capture shared liability to shifting disorders across the life course in order to make discoveries more efficiently. There is also a need to develop transdiagnostic treatments that can prevent many different conditions,” Caspi said. The study, “ Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Disorders and Comorbidities Across 4 Decades Among Participants in the Dunedin Birth Cohort Study “, was authored by Avshalom Caspi, Renate M. Houts, Antony Ambler, Andrea Danese, Maxwell L. Elliott, Ahmad Hariri, HonaLee Harrington, Sean Hogan, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Line J. Hartmann Rasmussen, Aaron Reuben, Leah Richmond-Rakerd, Karen Sugden, JasminWertz, Benjamin S. Williams, and Terrie E. Moffitt. | https://www.psypost.org/2020/08/new-psychology-study-finds-people-typically-experience-shifting-mental-disorders-over-their-lifespan-57618 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_501401989#4_989571688 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Hence operational definitions must be known precisely, to replicate research. What are common reasons a replication fails? If a replication fails, that does not imply somebody lied or cheated. Most scientists are honest. Most failures of replication are due to differences in how the research was performed. Possible differences include: the subjects involved (Nationality? Age? Volunteers or paid subjects?) the time of day, the weather, the expectations of the experimenter (a powerful effect), and many other variables. | https://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch01-psychology-and-science/importance-of-replication.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_501401989#5_989572452 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Possible differences include: the subjects involved (Nationality? Age? Volunteers or paid subjects?) the time of day, the weather, the expectations of the experimenter (a powerful effect), and many other variables. Seemingly minor details could influence the outcome of an experiment. Replication failures may also expose what statisticians call a Type 1 error, a finding of statistical significance that is due to random error or luck of the draw. If an effect cannot be repeated reliably, scientists need to find out about it. That is why replications are performed. Until a phenomenon can be reproduced reliably, even by researchers who are skeptical about it, one cannot be fully confident the finding will prove true in the long run. | https://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch01-psychology-and-science/importance-of-replication.html |
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