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msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#8_2465342611
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: If you are diagnosed with EVD, you will be put in isolation right away to prevent the virus from spreading. Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? The is a vaccine to help prevent EBD in people who are 18 years old and older. It is called ERVEBO and can help protect you from getting one type of Ebola virus. It will not protect you from all types of Ebola virus. Even if you get the vaccine, you should still try to not be exposed to Ebola virus. It is rare for people in the United States or other developed countries to get infected. You can help lower your risk of infection by doing the following: Avoid traveling to areas where known EVD outbreaks have occurred. Do not touch the blood or body fluids of a person who may be infected with the virus.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#9_2465344120
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: Even if you get the vaccine, you should still try to not be exposed to Ebola virus. It is rare for people in the United States or other developed countries to get infected. You can help lower your risk of infection by doing the following: Avoid traveling to areas where known EVD outbreaks have occurred. Do not touch the blood or body fluids of a person who may be infected with the virus. Do not touch the body of a person who has died from EVD. Do not touch items that may be contaminated with the virus. People who work in health care settings should be extra cautious around those who are infected or at risk of being infected with the Ebola virus. Call your doctor right away if you are at increased risk of being infected and you have symptoms of EVD. Avoid contact with other people until you get medical care.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#10_2465345683
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: Do not touch the body of a person who has died from EVD. Do not touch items that may be contaminated with the virus. People who work in health care settings should be extra cautious around those who are infected or at risk of being infected with the Ebola virus. Call your doctor right away if you are at increased risk of being infected and you have symptoms of EVD. Avoid contact with other people until you get medical care. Ebola virus disease treatment Currently, there is no medicine to treat EVD. Some experimental medicines are being tested. The main goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms. Options may include: Getting fluids to prevent dehydration Regulating and replacing salts and other chemicals in the body Maintaining blood pressure Taking medicine to relieve fever, diarrhea, nausea, and pain Getting oxygen Treating other infections Close supervision and care by health care professionals is very important.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#11_2465347366
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: Ebola virus disease treatment Currently, there is no medicine to treat EVD. Some experimental medicines are being tested. The main goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms. Options may include: Getting fluids to prevent dehydration Regulating and replacing salts and other chemicals in the body Maintaining blood pressure Taking medicine to relieve fever, diarrhea, nausea, and pain Getting oxygen Treating other infections Close supervision and care by health care professionals is very important. A patient with EVD may need intensive care unit (ICU) services. Living with Ebola virus disease Overall, EVD leads to death in about half of people who become infected. People who recover from EVD may still be contagious. The Ebola virus can remain in certain body fluids for some time. For example, men can spread the virus through their semen for up to 3 months after their symptoms first appear.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#12_2465349021
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: A patient with EVD may need intensive care unit (ICU) services. Living with Ebola virus disease Overall, EVD leads to death in about half of people who become infected. People who recover from EVD may still be contagious. The Ebola virus can remain in certain body fluids for some time. For example, men can spread the virus through their semen for up to 3 months after their symptoms first appear. They should not have sex, including oral sex, during this time. The virus also can remain in breast milk, amniotic fluid, eye fluid, and spinal column fluid. Ebola survivors may have lasting side effects from the virus. These could include fatigue, muscle aches, stomach pain, and eye problems. Questions to ask your doctor How do I know if my symptoms are related to Ebola virus disease?
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#13_2465350556
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: They should not have sex, including oral sex, during this time. The virus also can remain in breast milk, amniotic fluid, eye fluid, and spinal column fluid. Ebola survivors may have lasting side effects from the virus. These could include fatigue, muscle aches, stomach pain, and eye problems. Questions to ask your doctor How do I know if my symptoms are related to Ebola virus disease? How can I prevent getting infected with the virus if I have to travel to a place with known EVD outbreaks? What treatment options are best for me? How long am I contagious with the virus? Once I have EVD, will I always have it or can I get it again? Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#14_2465351996
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: How can I prevent getting infected with the virus if I have to travel to a place with known EVD outbreaks? What treatment options are best for me? How long am I contagious with the virus? Once I have EVD, will I always have it or can I get it again? Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease World Health Organization: Ebola virus disease Last Updated: March 15, 2021 This article was contributed by: familydoctor.org editorial staff Categories:
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1530026373#15_2465353300
Title: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms and Causes | familydoctor.org Headings: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease What is Ebola virus disease? Symptoms of Ebola virus disease What causes Ebola virus disease? How is Ebola virus disease diagnosed? Can Ebola virus disease be prevented or avoided? Ebola virus disease treatment Living with Ebola virus disease Questions to ask your doctor Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease Content: Ebola virus disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: History of Ebola virus disease World Health Organization: Ebola virus disease Last Updated: March 15, 2021 This article was contributed by: familydoctor.org editorial staff Categories: Family Health Tags: ebola, ebola symptoms, ebola virus Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. Advertisement Advertisement
https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531168972#0_2469152579
Title: Yeast Infections - familydoctor.org Headings: Yeast Infections Yeast Infections What is a vaginal yeast infection? Symptoms of a yeast infection What causes yeast infections? How are yeast infections diagnosed? Can yeast infections be prevented or avoided? Yeast infection treatment Living with yeast infections Questions for your doctor Resources Content: Yeast Infections - familydoctor.org Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Anemia Herpes Hemorrhoids Vaginal Discharge Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Alcohol Abuse Keloids Home Diseases and Conditions Yeast Infections Condition Yeast Infections Last Updated March 2021 | This article was created by familydoctor.org editorial staff and reviewed by Leisa Bailey, MD Table of Contents 1. Overview 2. Symptoms 3. Causes 4. Diagnosis 5. Prevention 6. Treatment 7. Everyday Life 8. Questions 9. Resources Advertisement What is a vaginal yeast infection?
https://familydoctor.org/condition/yeast-infections/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531168972#2_2469154794
Title: Yeast Infections - familydoctor.org Headings: Yeast Infections Yeast Infections What is a vaginal yeast infection? Symptoms of a yeast infection What causes yeast infections? How are yeast infections diagnosed? Can yeast infections be prevented or avoided? Yeast infection treatment Living with yeast infections Questions for your doctor Resources Content: Vaginal yeast infections are caused by a fungus called Candida. Yeast are tiny organisms that normally live in small numbers on the skin and inside the vagina. The acidic environment of the vagina helps keep yeast from growing. However, if the vagina becomes less acidic, too many yeast can grow and cause a vaginal infection. ‒‒:‒‒ / ‒‒:‒‒ Replay Skip Ads by Read More Yeast infections are common; every 3 out of 4 of women will have one in their lifetime. Half of all women have more than one infection in their lifetime. Symptoms of a yeast infection Yeast infections can be very uncomfortable but usually aren’t serious. Symptoms include: Itching and burning in the vagina and around the vulva (the skin that surrounds your vagina) A white vaginal discharge that may look like cottage cheese Pain during sexual intercourse Swelling of the vulva Pain during urination What causes yeast infections?
https://familydoctor.org/condition/yeast-infections/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531168972#3_2469156301
Title: Yeast Infections - familydoctor.org Headings: Yeast Infections Yeast Infections What is a vaginal yeast infection? Symptoms of a yeast infection What causes yeast infections? How are yeast infections diagnosed? Can yeast infections be prevented or avoided? Yeast infection treatment Living with yeast infections Questions for your doctor Resources Content: every 3 out of 4 of women will have one in their lifetime. Half of all women have more than one infection in their lifetime. Symptoms of a yeast infection Yeast infections can be very uncomfortable but usually aren’t serious. Symptoms include: Itching and burning in the vagina and around the vulva (the skin that surrounds your vagina) A white vaginal discharge that may look like cottage cheese Pain during sexual intercourse Swelling of the vulva Pain during urination What causes yeast infections? The acidic balance of the vagina can be changed by a number of factors, including: Your period ( menstruation) Pregnancy Diabetes Douche products Some antibiotics Birth control pills Steroids Moisture and irritation of the vagina also seem to encourage yeast to grow. How are yeast infections diagnosed? If you have symptoms of a yeast infection, your doctor will want to talk to you about your symptoms. He or she will also perform a pelvic exam to look at your vulva and vagina.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/yeast-infections/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531168972#4_2469157850
Title: Yeast Infections - familydoctor.org Headings: Yeast Infections Yeast Infections What is a vaginal yeast infection? Symptoms of a yeast infection What causes yeast infections? How are yeast infections diagnosed? Can yeast infections be prevented or avoided? Yeast infection treatment Living with yeast infections Questions for your doctor Resources Content: The acidic balance of the vagina can be changed by a number of factors, including: Your period ( menstruation) Pregnancy Diabetes Douche products Some antibiotics Birth control pills Steroids Moisture and irritation of the vagina also seem to encourage yeast to grow. How are yeast infections diagnosed? If you have symptoms of a yeast infection, your doctor will want to talk to you about your symptoms. He or she will also perform a pelvic exam to look at your vulva and vagina. Your doctor may also take a sample of your vaginal discharge. This sample will be sent to a lab to help determine if you have a yeast infection. Can yeast infections be prevented or avoided? Here are some things you can do to help prevent a yeast infection: Don’t wear tight-fitting clothing or clothing made out of synthetic material.
https://familydoctor.org/condition/yeast-infections/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531228228#0_2469342986
Title: Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts | familydoctor.org Headings: Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts Path to improved well being Things to consider Questions to ask your doctor Resources National Institute of Mental Health: Suicide Prevention National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Supporting Your Loved One after Suicide Attempt Talk Saves Lives Lifesavers Guide LGBT Suicide Prevention Content: Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts | familydoctor.org Mind/Body Connection: How Your Emotions Affect Your Health Mental Health: Keeping Your Emotional Health Grieving: Facing Illness, Death, and Other Losses Managing Daily Stress Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) Depression Understanding Your Teen’s Emotional Health Generalized Anxiety Disorder Home Prevention and Wellness Emotional Well-Being Mental Health Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts Depression | Coping With Suicidal Thoughts Advertisement Suicidal thoughts are thoughts about hurting yourself or taking your own life. Suicide is the act of taking your own life. Suicide can be linked to depression. Suicidal thoughts can happen to anyone—young and old, male and female—for a number of reasons. Usually, suicidal thoughts occur when a person is in intense emotional pain and doesn’t see a way out. The things that cause this type of pain are different for everyone. Suicide is often preventable.
https://familydoctor.org/depression-coping-with-suicidal-thoughts/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531874977#1_2471280923
Title: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health - familydoctor.org Headings: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Do I need to see a doctor? What will my doctor do for me? Path to improved health Things to consider Questions to ask your doctor Resources Content: It can prevent people from getting the support and help they need. But mental illness is a common problem. In fact, about 1 in 5 people will experience some sort of mental illness in their lifetime. So, don’t be afraid to reach out for help. Your family doctor is a good place to start. For some people, the thought of talking to their doctor about their mental health is scary. But getting treatment for mental illness is important. It rarely goes away on its own. Left untreated, it can get worse, lead to other health problems, or last for a long time. Deciding to talk to your doctor about your mental health is the first step on your journey to feeling better.
https://familydoctor.org/talking-to-your-doctor-about-your-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531874977#14_2471296438
Title: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health - familydoctor.org Headings: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Do I need to see a doctor? What will my doctor do for me? Path to improved health Things to consider Questions to ask your doctor Resources Content: It can be hard to open up about your feelings, especially with someone you don’t know very well. But your doctor is trained to deal with sensitive issues. They will be supportive and professional, and you won’t tell them anything they haven’t heard before. Refer to your notes. It’s common to forget half of what you were going to say once you get in the doctor’s office. That’s why it’s important to write things down beforehand. If you use the notes you’ve prepared ahead of time, you won’t have to worry about forgetting important details. Understand the diagnosis process. There is no simple blood test or scan that can tell you if you have depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or another mental illness. Sometimes it can be challenging for your doctor to be able to name the specific condition you have.
https://familydoctor.org/talking-to-your-doctor-about-your-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1531874977#15_2471297827
Title: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health - familydoctor.org Headings: Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Talking to Your Doctor About Your Mental Health Do I need to see a doctor? What will my doctor do for me? Path to improved health Things to consider Questions to ask your doctor Resources Content: That’s why it’s important to write things down beforehand. If you use the notes you’ve prepared ahead of time, you won’t have to worry about forgetting important details. Understand the diagnosis process. There is no simple blood test or scan that can tell you if you have depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or another mental illness. Sometimes it can be challenging for your doctor to be able to name the specific condition you have. Plus, you may have a combination of conditions that are causing your symptoms. For example, depression and anxiety often occur together. Bipolar disorder shares some symptoms with depression. And depressive illnesses often occur with physical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. Your doctor may ask you questions that seem unrelated to mental illness.
https://familydoctor.org/talking-to-your-doctor-about-your-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1539950028#0_2489876812
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Headings: Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Winthrop Fleet Colony Founding Religious Life Industry Indian Relations King Philip's War - 1675 Provincial Government Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Colonists from England B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W References Content: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Massachusetts Bay Colony In 1630 John Winthrop organized a fleet of 11 ships to carry almost 1000 immigrants from England to America and founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Earliest exploration of the New England area was done by Giovanni de Verrazano in 1524. In 1614, English Captain John Smith sailed here and extensively explored the area. His writings provided the basis early Colonists to make their plans. The first English Colony was at Jamestown Virginia in 1607. The second was the founding of Plymouth_Colony in 1620 in Massachusetts. Both were actually very small settlements that only just barely survived. There were a couple of settlements that either collapsed or were abandoned and the settlers returned to Europe. The next big colony push was John Winthrop leading a small flotilla in 1630 to settle near the area of present day Boston. It was named the Massachusetts Bay Colony after the name of the indian tribes that lived in that area.
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1539950028#1_2489878428
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Headings: Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Winthrop Fleet Colony Founding Religious Life Industry Indian Relations King Philip's War - 1675 Provincial Government Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Colonists from England B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W References Content: The second was the founding of Plymouth_Colony in 1620 in Massachusetts. Both were actually very small settlements that only just barely survived. There were a couple of settlements that either collapsed or were abandoned and the settlers returned to Europe. The next big colony push was John Winthrop leading a small flotilla in 1630 to settle near the area of present day Boston. It was named the Massachusetts Bay Colony after the name of the indian tribes that lived in that area. It's principle cities were Boston, Watertown, Charlestown, and Salem along with a many of the small farmtowns that stand today. A key catalyst for this big migration was the internal strife in England in the first half of the 17th Century. The Stuart dynasty has just come to power and aligned itself with the Church of England (Anglican faith) and began intense persecution of those who practised Catholism (the predessor of Anglican church) and Puritans, which was the intended to be a even more "pure" form of Christian faith than either the Catholic or Anglican church. There was also the rich acquiring up a lot of farmlands forcing the poor off their farms and into London. Then the Thirty Years War started in 1618 that pitted England and other Protestant countries against the Catholic countries of Spain and Central Europe.
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1539950028#2_2489880318
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Headings: Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Winthrop Fleet Colony Founding Religious Life Industry Indian Relations King Philip's War - 1675 Provincial Government Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Colonists from England B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W References Content: It's principle cities were Boston, Watertown, Charlestown, and Salem along with a many of the small farmtowns that stand today. A key catalyst for this big migration was the internal strife in England in the first half of the 17th Century. The Stuart dynasty has just come to power and aligned itself with the Church of England (Anglican faith) and began intense persecution of those who practised Catholism (the predessor of Anglican church) and Puritans, which was the intended to be a even more "pure" form of Christian faith than either the Catholic or Anglican church. There was also the rich acquiring up a lot of farmlands forcing the poor off their farms and into London. Then the Thirty Years War started in 1618 that pitted England and other Protestant countries against the Catholic countries of Spain and Central Europe. Governor Winthrop was a leading organizer of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and his principle motivation was to create the ideal Puritan community as an example to the world. Unlike the Pilgrims that settled Plymouth, this group enjoyed greater abundance of financial backing and starting supplies. Winthrop Fleet The Winthrop Fleet consisted of eleven ships sailing from Yarmouth, Isle of Wright to Salem. Some sailed April 8, arriving June 13, 1630 and the following days, the others to sail in May, arriving in July. In 1630 John Winthrop organized a fleet of 11 ships to carry almost 1000 immigrants from England to America and founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1539950028#5_2489884566
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Headings: Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Winthrop Fleet Colony Founding Religious Life Industry Indian Relations King Philip's War - 1675 Provincial Government Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Colonists from England B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W References Content: The Hopewell; The Jewel; The Mayflower; The Success; The Talbot ; The Trial; The Whale; The William & Francis For an incomplete list of these immigrants (work in progress) see Immigrant Ships To America/First Families/Winthrop Fleet . More immigrants followed afterwards to the tune of 2000 per year, mostly Puritans escaping religious persecution in England. Colony Founding Most early New England settlements were founded near where rivers reached the sea because of dependence on England for supplies and also river basins had the best farmland.
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1539950028#7_2489887282
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony | Familypedia | Fandom Headings: Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Background Winthrop Fleet Colony Founding Religious Life Industry Indian Relations King Philip's War - 1675 Provincial Government Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Colonists from England B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W References Content: 1000 settlers came with Winthrop in 1630 but about 20% died in the first harsh winter. This was despite being better supplied and financed than the early Plymouth Colony. First settlements were crude dugouts, indian-style wigwams or simple cabins. Religious Life Puritans strongly believed their faith was the only true faith and the all others were incorrect, especially the Church of England, Roman Catholics and Quakers and other Protestant groups. They were quite intollerant expelled those disagreed with the established orthodoxy. Including Roger Williams in 1635 and Anne Hutchison in 1636, both to Rhode Island. In 1636, Harvard College was founded by the Puritans to help promote their ideals. All classes were taught in Latin. By 1640, the Bay Colony had a core leadership group of 300 practicing Puritans that strongly enforced strict moral standards throughout the colony. By 1640s and 1650s, many colonists strayed away from their Puritan faith as they pursued material wealth and personal well-being.
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1567542811#2_2549506240
Title: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven - Fantabulosity Headings: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Pork Steak Recipe How to Cook Pork Steak Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Meal Planning for the Week? More Pork Recipes Sides to Serve with Pork Steaks BBQ Pork Steaks in the Oven Ingredients Instructions Video Nutrition Content: Well friend, I think you’re in the right place and that you’re going to love how easy and how delicious this pork steak recipe is. If you also saw my slow cooker bbq pork steaks recipe, then you may already know that cooking them slowly, over a longer period of time makes the pork steak meat literally fall off of the bone. But when you need something a bit quicker, baking pork steaks in the oven is an alternative that definitely won’t disappoint you and will also leave you with tender pork steaks. How to Cook Pork Steak Now of course you don’t have to cook pork steaks with bbq sauce, but here in the midwest, it’s really hard to cook them/eat them any other way. Feel free to have fun creating sauces and using different spices for your pork steaks, but if you’re wanting to bake your steaks in the oven, then this is a great reference to find out how long to cook them. You can find the full recipe with an ingredient list and instructions at the bottom of this post. Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Another thing I love about this recipe is that you can cook one pork steak up to as many as you want/need! The day that I made these to take photos for the blog, I only made two steaks, as it was just the right amount for what we needed that day…however I’ve created the recipe in the recipe card below to reflect 4 pork steaks, as that would be more common for a family of 4. Start by preheating your oven to 400º and then cover your pork steaks with the salt and pepper. Next, line a baking pan (large enough to fit the number of steaks you’re cooking, so they don’t overlap) with aluminum foil.
https://fantabulosity.com/baked-bbq-pork-steak-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1567542811#3_2549508490
Title: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven - Fantabulosity Headings: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Pork Steak Recipe How to Cook Pork Steak Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Meal Planning for the Week? More Pork Recipes Sides to Serve with Pork Steaks BBQ Pork Steaks in the Oven Ingredients Instructions Video Nutrition Content: You can find the full recipe with an ingredient list and instructions at the bottom of this post. Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Another thing I love about this recipe is that you can cook one pork steak up to as many as you want/need! The day that I made these to take photos for the blog, I only made two steaks, as it was just the right amount for what we needed that day…however I’ve created the recipe in the recipe card below to reflect 4 pork steaks, as that would be more common for a family of 4. Start by preheating your oven to 400º and then cover your pork steaks with the salt and pepper. Next, line a baking pan (large enough to fit the number of steaks you’re cooking, so they don’t overlap) with aluminum foil. Drizzle a layer of barbeque sauce on the aluminum foil where you’ll place each steak. Place your steaks down on the foil and sauce, and then cover steaks with remaining bbq sauce. Bake the pork steaks uncovered for 50-60 minutes, (on the middle rack) or until the internal temperature of the steaks reaches 145 degrees. NOTE: Oven temperatures can vary, and some have reported that they prefer baking at 350 for 50-60 minutes, or checking the internal temp after 30 minutes to avoid over-cooking.
https://fantabulosity.com/baked-bbq-pork-steak-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1567542811#4_2549510333
Title: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven - Fantabulosity Headings: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Pork Steak Recipe How to Cook Pork Steak Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Meal Planning for the Week? More Pork Recipes Sides to Serve with Pork Steaks BBQ Pork Steaks in the Oven Ingredients Instructions Video Nutrition Content: Drizzle a layer of barbeque sauce on the aluminum foil where you’ll place each steak. Place your steaks down on the foil and sauce, and then cover steaks with remaining bbq sauce. Bake the pork steaks uncovered for 50-60 minutes, (on the middle rack) or until the internal temperature of the steaks reaches 145 degrees. NOTE: Oven temperatures can vary, and some have reported that they prefer baking at 350 for 50-60 minutes, or checking the internal temp after 30 minutes to avoid over-cooking. Meal Planning for the Week? Since the oven is hot, consider making burgers in the oven too, so you can eat on them all week! Just re-heat and serve! More Pork Recipes We love having pork steaks and pork chops around here. They’re so easy and actually pretty affordable.
https://fantabulosity.com/baked-bbq-pork-steak-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1567542811#7_2549515461
Title: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven - Fantabulosity Headings: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Pork Steak Recipe How to Cook Pork Steak Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Meal Planning for the Week? More Pork Recipes Sides to Serve with Pork Steaks BBQ Pork Steaks in the Oven Ingredients Instructions Video Nutrition Content: Pork Steak Recipes can be so easy and this one can be made with little effort, showing you how and how to bake! 4.46 from 261 votes Print Recipe Pin Recipe Prep Time 10 mins Cook Time 50 mins Total Time 1 hr Course Main Course Cuisine American Servings 4 steaks Calories 208 kcal Ingredients 4 pork steaks or pork shoulders salt to taste pepper to taste 1 16 oz. bottle of barbecue sauce I use Sweet Baby Rays Cook Mode Prevent your screen from going dark Instructions Preheat oven to 400 degrees Rub salt and pepper on both sides of each pork steak if desired Line a baking pan (large enough to fit the number of steaks you’re cooking, so they don’t overlap) with aluminum foil. Drizzle half a bottle of barbeque sauce on the aluminum foil where you’ll place each steak. Place your steaks down on the foil and sauce, and then cover steaks with remaining bbq sauce. Bake the pork steaks at 400 degrees, uncovered for 50-60 minutes, (on the middle rack) or until the internal temperature of the steaks reaches 145 degrees. NOTE: Oven temperatures can vary, and some have reported that they prefer baking at 350 for 50-60 minutes, or checking the internal temp after 30 minutes to avoid over-baking. Serve alongside your desired side dish or one our favorites HERE! Video Nutrition Serving:
https://fantabulosity.com/baked-bbq-pork-steak-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1567542811#8_2549517364
Title: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven - Fantabulosity Headings: Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Pork Steak Recipe How to Cook Pork Steak Baked BBQ Pork Steak Recipe in the Oven Meal Planning for the Week? More Pork Recipes Sides to Serve with Pork Steaks BBQ Pork Steaks in the Oven Ingredients Instructions Video Nutrition Content: Bake the pork steaks at 400 degrees, uncovered for 50-60 minutes, (on the middle rack) or until the internal temperature of the steaks reaches 145 degrees. NOTE: Oven temperatures can vary, and some have reported that they prefer baking at 350 for 50-60 minutes, or checking the internal temp after 30 minutes to avoid over-baking. Serve alongside your desired side dish or one our favorites HERE! Video Nutrition Serving: 1steak Calories: 208kcal Protein: 28g Fat: 9g Saturated Fat: 3g Cholesterol:
https://fantabulosity.com/baked-bbq-pork-steak-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1569111867#9_2553746266
Title: 25 Common Themes of Literature Outlined in Detail – Fantasy Book Fanatic Headings: 25 Common Themes of Literature Outlined in Detail 25 Common Themes of Literature Outlined in Detail 25 Common Themes of Literature Outlined in Detail Table of Contents 1.) Coming of Age 2.) Courage 3.) Inevitability of Death 4.) Friendship 5.) Longing for Escape 6.) Faith versus Doubt 7.) Fate versus Free Will 8.) Fear of Failure 9.) Good Versus Evil 10.) Negative Impact of Greed 11.) Heroism 12.) Identity Crisis 13.) Human versus Nature 14.) Individual versus Self 15.) Person versus Society 16.) Isolation 17.) Loss of Innocence 18.) Wisdom of Experience 19.) Love and Sacrifice 20.) The Power of Names 21.) Overcoming Weakness 22.) Power and Corruption 23.) Hubris 24.) Quest for Discovery 25.) Revenge Content: 2.) Courage The theme of courage is arguably one of the top five most prevalent themes in literature. Courage is crucial to storytelling. Protagonists frequently find themselves in dire predicaments whilst stubbornly pursuing their ambitions. They are forced to choose between confronting their fears or falling victim to apprehension. The magnitude of these decisions has colossal repercussions on the overall direction the story will take. The choice the protagonist makes not only effects their life, but the lives of loved ones and even society at large. Although the theme of courage is routinely used during major turning points of a story, it can also be found in less significant portions of the novel. For example, instead of the protagonist conquering their greatest fear, they may merely divulge some of the bottled up emotions they are feeling to a companion. Small acts of courage such as this can easily be glanced over.
https://fantasybookfanatic.com/25-common-themes-of-literature-outlined-in-detail/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1569902846#17_2555495999
Title: How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel Headings: How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel Tab 2 through 5 Key Points Attribution About Kurt Turner Content: 2. All player names and team names will need to be sanitized because some of them will have a leading or trailing blank space, which will need to be remove for the formulas to work. This is done using the =trim function in excel. Watch this youtube video if you don’t know how to do this. YouTube Basically, after you import the data you’ll insert a temporary column next to the column you want to sanitize. Let’s say you’re removing blank spaces (sanitizing) from the players name in column b2. In A2 you’ll type =trim (b2). This will remove the blank spaces in B2 and place the sanitized version in A2. Now simply drag A2 down and it will sanitize the rest of the player names. You’ll have to copy the sanitized names and paste them over the original names.
https://fantasyknuckleheads.com/how-to-make-a-fantasy-football-cheat-sheet-in-excel/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1569902846#18_2555497242
Title: How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel Headings: How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel How To Make a Fantasy Football Cheat Sheet in Excel Tab 2 through 5 Key Points Attribution About Kurt Turner Content: Let’s say you’re removing blank spaces (sanitizing) from the players name in column b2. In A2 you’ll type =trim (b2). This will remove the blank spaces in B2 and place the sanitized version in A2. Now simply drag A2 down and it will sanitize the rest of the player names. You’ll have to copy the sanitized names and paste them over the original names. When you paste be sure to choose “paste special” and then choose “values”, otherwise you’ll simply paste the trim function again. Now you can delete the temporary column A where you executed the trim function. Attribution 1. https://fantasyknuckleheads.com - strength of schedule 2. http://fftoday.com - the draft projections - (not where we get stats for our premium membership, very different) 3.
https://fantasyknuckleheads.com/how-to-make-a-fantasy-football-cheat-sheet-in-excel/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#0_2582633148
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish emulsion fertilizer, how to make and use is an organic way to add nutrients to your plants. In my opinion, fish emulsion is probably one of the leading, most effective, and environment-friendly fertilizers out there. First, it benefits the plants naturally. Second, it’s safe for the environment. Lastly, the best part about fish emulsion is you can make your own! After making the fertilizer, it’s also easy to use, apply, and store for future uses. Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens?
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#1_2582634811
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: Second, it’s safe for the environment. Lastly, the best part about fish emulsion is you can make your own! After making the fertilizer, it’s also easy to use, apply, and store for future uses. Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? The primary focus of a fish emulsion fertilizer is boosting nitrogen in a foliar feed. The organic garden fertilizer provides an NPK ratio of 4-1-1, which is incomparable to most of the homemade and even commercial fertilizers made.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#2_2582636823
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? The primary focus of a fish emulsion fertilizer is boosting nitrogen in a foliar feed. The organic garden fertilizer provides an NPK ratio of 4-1-1, which is incomparable to most of the homemade and even commercial fertilizers made. Organic farmers who grow food commercially use this natural alternative to man-made toxic chemicals. Many homesteaders who grow their own produce for their families opt to use fish emulsion instead of putting chemical fertilizers on their food. I was taught that the first settlers would bury fish in the ground before planting. I am sure this is still done today. It has been around for a very long time and still works today.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#8_2582648211
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: One of the benefits of homemade fish emulsion is flexibility in nutrient contents. You are free to change the nutrient components to match your garden goals. Commercial fish emulsion fertilizers are often made from selected fish parts; this is unlike homemade fish emulsion fertilizer where you can use the whole fish hence more protein and less bone. Homemade emulsions also have less oil, which makes it the best for plant growth. There are almost zero effects on the soil when using fish emulsion. Another distinguishing factor of homemade and commercial fish emulsion is bacteria content. Fungi and bacteria are crucial for soil quality with respect to plant growth. The two are responsible for disease control and hot composting among other elements that enhance plant growth. Making the fertilizer from home means availability of microorganisms that are not threatened with any chemicals;
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#11_2582654280
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: If you opt for homemade fish emulsion, which is highly recommended, make sure you consult the experts and use specific measurements to avoid over-concentration of the fertilizer. Before applying it to your garden, you must dilute the fertilizer with pure water. Typically, the mixture rate is 1 gallon of water with 1 tablespoon of the emulsion. While the concentration level also depends on how much you apply to the plants, diluting is necessary. Fish emulsion is suitable for outdoor plants because of the smell; while it will be effective with indoor plants, you might not be able to withstand the smell. I do use a diluted version of fish emulsion in my houseplants. I opt for bedtime or in the morning if I am gone for a few hours for the smell to dissipate. How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer To apply fish emulsion, pour the mixture of water and fertilizer in a spray bottle and spray on the leaves. The leaves can withstand high concentrations, unlike the roots.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#14_2582660141
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: It is also easier to spray liquid than apply powder. How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer There is an option of buying the fish emulsion from a local store, but homemade is more recommended. With commercial fish emulsions, you can never be sure of the contents used; some companies may use only selected parts such as the fish head or the fishtail in the production process. Some may also use cooked fish. With homemade fish emulsions, you can maximize the fish by ensuring bacteria/fungi are in huge amounts. Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Half fill a 5-gallon bucket with composted manure, composted leaves, or chicken house sawdust Use locally caught fish if able if not….. 5 to 10 cans of Sardines in fish oil; you can buy the cheapest A handful of Epsom salts Fill rest with water Cover the bucket and drill holes with a lid to allow airflow Consistently stir the mixture for 14-30 days Optional: I have done and not done it both works well, add a no brand bottle of blackstrap molasses this helps with the smell, but it mostly feeds the emulsion as yeast does to water when making bread If you want to give it a whisk, I use a long 32-inch drywall mud mixer that attaches to our drill used for mixing spackle Remove the fish parts and use the liquid like the commercial fish emulsion Once we strain the fish, we start the process over again, resulting in a much weaker version. That “fish tea” still works;
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#15_2582662559
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: With homemade fish emulsions, you can maximize the fish by ensuring bacteria/fungi are in huge amounts. Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Half fill a 5-gallon bucket with composted manure, composted leaves, or chicken house sawdust Use locally caught fish if able if not….. 5 to 10 cans of Sardines in fish oil; you can buy the cheapest A handful of Epsom salts Fill rest with water Cover the bucket and drill holes with a lid to allow airflow Consistently stir the mixture for 14-30 days Optional: I have done and not done it both works well, add a no brand bottle of blackstrap molasses this helps with the smell, but it mostly feeds the emulsion as yeast does to water when making bread If you want to give it a whisk, I use a long 32-inch drywall mud mixer that attaches to our drill used for mixing spackle Remove the fish parts and use the liquid like the commercial fish emulsion Once we strain the fish, we start the process over again, resulting in a much weaker version. That “fish tea” still works; it just doesn’t have to be diluted as much. This weak tea is great for the house plants. I have made my own fish emulsion as well as manure tea and I have to say, it’s worth it. Smelly, but worth it! We made both kinds in a 5-gallon bucket, added a spigot for easy pouring into a bottle.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#16_2582664868
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: it just doesn’t have to be diluted as much. This weak tea is great for the house plants. I have made my own fish emulsion as well as manure tea and I have to say, it’s worth it. Smelly, but worth it! We made both kinds in a 5-gallon bucket, added a spigot for easy pouring into a bottle. Are you interested in making your own manure tea? I have a full video on this, that can be seen Manure tea fertilizer recipe for gardens, seedlings, roses and more! Warning-graphic!. Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution I am always shopping at thrift stores for a good buy. Recently, I found a few glass-gallon “sweet tea” containers.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#17_2582666477
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: Are you interested in making your own manure tea? I have a full video on this, that can be seen Manure tea fertilizer recipe for gardens, seedlings, roses and more! Warning-graphic!. Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution I am always shopping at thrift stores for a good buy. Recently, I found a few glass-gallon “sweet tea” containers. I have chosen one of the containers to house my ready-mix fertilizer solution for my indoor plants. Winter is approaching and I usually do not like to use fish emulsion during the winter. I came up with a win-win solution. Making a fish and worm solution. Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Fill a glass container with almost a gallon of filtered water Add a 1/4 cup of fish emulsion 1 cup of worm castings Stir well and that’s it, ready-made plant fertilizer The solution may not look appetizing to most, but since I do not have house guests, it suits me fine on the porch.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1584509221#18_2582668390
Title: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How To Make And Use! ⋆ Farmhouse-bc Headings: Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Fish Emulsion Fertilizer, How to Make and Use! Table of Contents or Collapse to Hide How Does Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Work? Is Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Good for Gardens? Homemade Fertilizer versus Commercial Fertilizer The Smell of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer How to Apply Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Powder Fertilizers Versus Liquid Fertilizers How to Make Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Directions for Making Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Making a Ready-Made Fertilizer Solution Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Shop Here Click on the Bar of Dish Soap to Visit Our Amazon Storefront! Please Join Us! PIN IT Content: I have chosen one of the containers to house my ready-mix fertilizer solution for my indoor plants. Winter is approaching and I usually do not like to use fish emulsion during the winter. I came up with a win-win solution. Making a fish and worm solution. Make a Gallon-Ready Jug of Fish Emulsion Fertilizer Fill a glass container with almost a gallon of filtered water Add a 1/4 cup of fish emulsion 1 cup of worm castings Stir well and that’s it, ready-made plant fertilizer The solution may not look appetizing to most, but since I do not have house guests, it suits me fine on the porch. It may be covered with a towel if you so choose. Since it’s a weak solution, my plants get fed every watering with some of the fertilizer. I don’t gauge it, I just wing it. Some will get all fertilizer, others will receive part fertilizer and part filtered water. Shop Here We are a participant with the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
https://farmhouse-bc.com/fish-emulsion-fertilizer-how-to-make-and-use/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#11_2589785347
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: Many breeds of pigs are notorious for being careless mothers. This is especially true for many of the breeds that have excellent meat quality. That being said, most of the commercial pigs raised for meat in the U.S. have a chance of being careless mothers. Why does that matter? Consider this. A typical sow may weigh 400 pounds. When she gives birth, the piglets may only weigh a couple of pounds a piece. And she may have 13 or so piglets. Pigs love to be lazy and lay down. When she gets up to eat or drink, the piglets move around her.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#12_2589787621
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: A typical sow may weigh 400 pounds. When she gives birth, the piglets may only weigh a couple of pounds a piece. And she may have 13 or so piglets. Pigs love to be lazy and lay down. When she gets up to eat or drink, the piglets move around her. When she gets ready to lay down, she may lay on top of some of the piglets. A small piglet doesn’t stand a chance under a large sow. Save me for later! Many sows will crush their piglets on accident by laying on them. The piglets need to stay warm, especially when they are young.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#13_2589789887
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: When she gets ready to lay down, she may lay on top of some of the piglets. A small piglet doesn’t stand a chance under a large sow. Save me for later! Many sows will crush their piglets on accident by laying on them. The piglets need to stay warm, especially when they are young. This is unfortunately the same time that they are smallest and most vulnerable. To combat this, animal scientists came up with the farrowing crate as an option for keeping piglets safe. The farrowing crate is a narrow cage that restricts the space that the sow has to move around. On either sides of the crate, there are heating pads and lamps. The heating pads and lamps give the piglets a warm place to lay, without getting to close to the sow.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#14_2589792354
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: This is unfortunately the same time that they are smallest and most vulnerable. To combat this, animal scientists came up with the farrowing crate as an option for keeping piglets safe. The farrowing crate is a narrow cage that restricts the space that the sow has to move around. On either sides of the crate, there are heating pads and lamps. The heating pads and lamps give the piglets a warm place to lay, without getting to close to the sow. They can still reach her to nurse and can lay next to her if they want to. The piglets can reach the mother to nurse, but are also given heating pads and lamps. The mother is able to move but is less likely to lay on the piglets. The sow is given a cooler area to lay in the middle of the crate. This helps her stay cool as pigs can’t sweat and are more likely to overheat than other livestock species.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#15_2589794943
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: They can still reach her to nurse and can lay next to her if they want to. The piglets can reach the mother to nurse, but are also given heating pads and lamps. The mother is able to move but is less likely to lay on the piglets. The sow is given a cooler area to lay in the middle of the crate. This helps her stay cool as pigs can’t sweat and are more likely to overheat than other livestock species. A farrowing crate can help lower the number of piglet deaths tremendously if used properly. 5. How many piglets will my pig have? This is a question that is difficult to answer. There are many variables that go into answering this question.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#16_2589797326
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: A farrowing crate can help lower the number of piglet deaths tremendously if used properly. 5. How many piglets will my pig have? This is a question that is difficult to answer. There are many variables that go into answering this question. For example, usually pigs will have larger litters as the get older (to a certain point then they start to become less productive). This happens for a couple of different reasons. As the pig’s body becomes used to maintaining pregnancy, the reproductive organs become better adapted to pregnancy. The uterus becomes slightly larger and able to hold more piglets. The sow’s body also releases more eggs for fertilization.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#17_2589799732
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: For example, usually pigs will have larger litters as the get older (to a certain point then they start to become less productive). This happens for a couple of different reasons. As the pig’s body becomes used to maintaining pregnancy, the reproductive organs become better adapted to pregnancy. The uterus becomes slightly larger and able to hold more piglets. The sow’s body also releases more eggs for fertilization. The number of piglets your sow has will depend on several different factors. A typical litter in U.S. breeds is 8-13 piglets. I would consider 13 piglets to be an excellent sized litter. Pigs today can have upwards of 22 piglets per litter but many of these piglets are born small and very weak. 13 seems to be the ideal goal to shoot for as many sows can raise 13 piglets without an issue.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#18_2589802288
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: The number of piglets your sow has will depend on several different factors. A typical litter in U.S. breeds is 8-13 piglets. I would consider 13 piglets to be an excellent sized litter. Pigs today can have upwards of 22 piglets per litter but many of these piglets are born small and very weak. 13 seems to be the ideal goal to shoot for as many sows can raise 13 piglets without an issue. Many Chinese breeds of pigs, such as the Meishan, are known for being extremely prolific and have litters consistently over 20 piglets. If you want more information about the Meishan and other breeds of pigs, read my post on the breeds of pigs. 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? Yes!
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#19_2589804726
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: Many Chinese breeds of pigs, such as the Meishan, are known for being extremely prolific and have litters consistently over 20 piglets. If you want more information about the Meishan and other breeds of pigs, read my post on the breeds of pigs. 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? Yes! The nutritional needs of pregnant pigs are going to be different from that of nonpregnant pigs. A good rule of thumb is to plan on feeding her an extra two pounds of food per day starting at day 100 of her pregnancy. She starts needing extra calories around day 100. The extra feed will not only give her the extra calories she will need to grow all of her babies, but it will also give her some extra fat to put on. She will need the extra fat once she starts nursing her pigs.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#20_2589807252
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: The nutritional needs of pregnant pigs are going to be different from that of nonpregnant pigs. A good rule of thumb is to plan on feeding her an extra two pounds of food per day starting at day 100 of her pregnancy. She starts needing extra calories around day 100. The extra feed will not only give her the extra calories she will need to grow all of her babies, but it will also give her some extra fat to put on. She will need the extra fat once she starts nursing her pigs. The last thing you want her to do is lose too much weight after she gives birth. This is especially true if you plan on breeding her again soon after she weans her piglets. If you have a sow that seems underweight during pregnancy, plan on increasing her feed more. You can check out this extension article about feeding pregnant pigs . It goes into more depth about feeding pregnant pigs.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#21_2589809855
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: The last thing you want her to do is lose too much weight after she gives birth. This is especially true if you plan on breeding her again soon after she weans her piglets. If you have a sow that seems underweight during pregnancy, plan on increasing her feed more. You can check out this extension article about feeding pregnant pigs . It goes into more depth about feeding pregnant pigs. Also, if you aren’t sure, you can always contact your local livestock veterinarian to get more advice on feeding your sow. Don’t forget to grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet! 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? Definitely.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#23_2589814676
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: If you’re looking at a pig that you like, there are a few things that you can look for to get an idea of how she will be as a mother. If you are going to spend the time and money to breed a pig, you want to spend it on one that will be as productive as possible. The first thing that I check is the pig’s underline. In other words, I look at her abdomen. When I look at her abdomen, I’m doing one thing. I count how many teats she has. I mentioned above that a good litter will have about 13 piglets. If the pig has 13 babies, but only has 10 teats to nurse, then odds are that she will only raise 10 piglets to weaning age. The more teats she has, the better. More teats can also mean that she will give birth to more piglets.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#24_2589817153
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: I count how many teats she has. I mentioned above that a good litter will have about 13 piglets. If the pig has 13 babies, but only has 10 teats to nurse, then odds are that she will only raise 10 piglets to weaning age. The more teats she has, the better. More teats can also mean that she will give birth to more piglets. Make sure that your sow or gilt has plenty of teats. Everyone needs a spot at the milk bar! I also make sure that the teats are fully developed and look normal. The next thing that I check is her rear end. You want to check her vulva.
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1586788820#29_2589829060
Title: Pig Pregnancy- Most Common Questions Answered [11 Things You Need to Know] Headings: Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy- What You Need to Know Pig Pregnancy Questions Answered 1. How long are pigs pregnant? Remember the rule of 3’s. 2. What is a ‘piggy sow’? 3. What does the word farrowing mean? 4. While we are talking about farrowing, what is a farrowing crate? 5. How many piglets will my pig have? 6. Do I need to feed my pig differently while she is pregnant? 7. Should I look for anything specific in a pig to breed? 8. Will my pig show any outward signs of pregnancy? Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. 9. Will she show signs of farrowing before she farrows? 10-14 days before farrowing, the sow’s vulva and/or mammary glands may swell. 10. What can I expect when she gives birth? When the sow is getting ready to give birth, she will lay on her side. You may be able to see contractions. Right before a piglet is born, she will raise her leg up and may twitch her tail. 11. What are some problems that my sow can have during birth? Last Piece of Advice Grab your FREE Pig Pregnancy Questions Answer Sheet here! You may also be interested in these pig articles: Choosing a Boar Raising Pigs for Meat Why I Chose to Raise My Pigs on Concrete Meat Pig Breeds Common Pig Diseases Artificial Insemination of Pigs If you have any questions that I didn’t already answer about pig pregnancy, let me know below and I’ll answer it for you! Content: You can start watching her three weeks after you think she was bred to see if she comes into heat. Some farmers will check the ‘pregnancy indicator’. Remember when I said the vulva should point down towards the ground? When a pig is pregnant, the vulva tip may gradually start to rotate and point up more. This isn’t a 100% accurate test and can vary among individual pigs. It does make sense though. As the piglets get larger and weigh more, they start to pull on the pig’s reproductive tract, which pulls on the pig’s vulva, causing it to tip up. The fastest, most accurate way to determine pregnancy is to have a vet
https://farminence.com/pig-pregnancy-questions-answered/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1603594008#1_2604332606
Title: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations - Operations Security - INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK< Headings: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Operations Security INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Terrorist group categories Terrorist tactics Terrorist objectives Terrorist threats to the United States Terrorist sponsors Libya Syria Iran Sudan Iraq Cuba North Korea Islamic fundamentalist groups Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) Party of God (Hizballah) Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Islamic Group (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Terrorism Trends Conclusion Content: The rise of the new breed of terrorist who is interested in inflicting mass death and destruction does not bode well for the future security of U.S. interests. These groups can strike at any time, anywhere, spurred by seemingly unrelated events for which they judge the United States to be blameworthy. They have a widening global reach and a high degree of proficiency with more sophisticated weapons and tactics. [ Note 1] Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property for the purposes of intimidating or coercing a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political and social objectives. There are two categories of terrorism: domestic and international. Domestic terrorism involves groups or individuals whose activities, conducted in the United States without foreign influence, are directed at elements of the United States Government or population. International terrorism involves activity committed by foreign-based groups or individuals who are either directed by countries or groups outside the United States or whose activities transcend national boundaries. [ Note 2] Terrorist group categories Terrorist groups generally are either non-state-supported (either indigenous or transnational), state-supported, or state-directed. Non-state supported terrorist groups are autonomous and receive no significant support from a government.
https://fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part04.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1603594008#2_2604334882
Title: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations - Operations Security - INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK< Headings: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Operations Security INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Terrorist group categories Terrorist tactics Terrorist objectives Terrorist threats to the United States Terrorist sponsors Libya Syria Iran Sudan Iraq Cuba North Korea Islamic fundamentalist groups Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) Party of God (Hizballah) Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Islamic Group (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Terrorism Trends Conclusion Content: domestic and international. Domestic terrorism involves groups or individuals whose activities, conducted in the United States without foreign influence, are directed at elements of the United States Government or population. International terrorism involves activity committed by foreign-based groups or individuals who are either directed by countries or groups outside the United States or whose activities transcend national boundaries. [ Note 2] Terrorist group categories Terrorist groups generally are either non-state-supported (either indigenous or transnational), state-supported, or state-directed. Non-state supported terrorist groups are autonomous and receive no significant support from a government. State-supported groups generally operate independently but receive support from one or more governments. Such support may include weapons, training, money, intelligence, or safe havens. State- directed terrorist organizations act as agents of a government. Such groups receive intelligence, logistics, and operational support from the sponsoring government, frequently through diplomatic missions. State-directed terrorism is potentially a deniable and/or relatively inexpensive method of carrying out attacks against an enemy state or its interests. [
https://fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part04.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1603594008#3_2604336998
Title: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations - Operations Security - INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK< Headings: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Operations Security INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Terrorist group categories Terrorist tactics Terrorist objectives Terrorist threats to the United States Terrorist sponsors Libya Syria Iran Sudan Iraq Cuba North Korea Islamic fundamentalist groups Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) Party of God (Hizballah) Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Islamic Group (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Terrorism Trends Conclusion Content: State-supported groups generally operate independently but receive support from one or more governments. Such support may include weapons, training, money, intelligence, or safe havens. State- directed terrorist organizations act as agents of a government. Such groups receive intelligence, logistics, and operational support from the sponsoring government, frequently through diplomatic missions. State-directed terrorism is potentially a deniable and/or relatively inexpensive method of carrying out attacks against an enemy state or its interests. [ Note 3] The greatest terrorist threat to the United States today comes from fundamentalist Islamic extremist groups. Some of these groups, such as the Party of God (Hizballah), the Palestinian group Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), and the Algerian Armed Islamic Group fit the traditional terrorist mold. These groups have hierarchical structures and receive support from state sponsors. A new Islamic threat is on the rise as a result of the activities of ad hoc terrorist groups. These groups are even more dangerous in many ways than the traditional groups because they lack a well-established organizational identity, and they tend to decentralize and compartment their activities.
https://fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part04.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1603594008#10_2604351955
Title: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations - Operations Security - INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK< Headings: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Operations Security INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Terrorist group categories Terrorist tactics Terrorist objectives Terrorist threats to the United States Terrorist sponsors Libya Syria Iran Sudan Iraq Cuba North Korea Islamic fundamentalist groups Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) Party of God (Hizballah) Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Islamic Group (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Terrorism Trends Conclusion Content: OPSEC denies terrorist organizations the information they require for planning. The following portions of this section discuss the terrorist threat to the United States and the role of sponsoring nations and terrorist organizations in executing attacks. Terrorist objectives Organizations intend their terrorist activities to have an emotional impact on the target audience, causing it to act in a manner that furthers the group's objectives. Terrorist operations generally are categorized in terms of their associated goals. These goals traditionally are divided into five categories: recognition, coercion, intimidation, provocation, and insurgency support. Early in their life span, terrorist groups often carry out attacks designed to gain recognition. The objective of these attacks is national and/or international attention for the group and its stated objectives. Groups often mount such attacks, which may involve protracted hostage seizures, against highly-visible symbols of state control (e.g., national airlines). Groups intend coercion attacks to force individuals, organizations, or governments to act in a desired manner.
https://fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part04.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1603594008#11_2604353940
Title: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations - Operations Security - INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK< Headings: Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Operations Security INTELLIGENCE THREAT HANDBOOK Section 4 Terrorist Intelligence Operations Terrorist group categories Terrorist tactics Terrorist objectives Terrorist threats to the United States Terrorist sponsors Libya Syria Iran Sudan Iraq Cuba North Korea Islamic fundamentalist groups Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) Party of God (Hizballah) Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Islamic Group (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Terrorism Trends Conclusion Content: recognition, coercion, intimidation, provocation, and insurgency support. Early in their life span, terrorist groups often carry out attacks designed to gain recognition. The objective of these attacks is national and/or international attention for the group and its stated objectives. Groups often mount such attacks, which may involve protracted hostage seizures, against highly-visible symbols of state control (e.g., national airlines). Groups intend coercion attacks to force individuals, organizations, or governments to act in a desired manner. Using this strategy, terrorists selectively target facilities with the intent of bringing increasing pressure to bear on the targeted activity. Terrorist attacks designed primarily to intimidate are a means of preventing organizations or governments from acting in a defined manner. Provocation attacks aim to force government security forces to take repressive action against the general populace. These attacks generally are against critical infrastructures, popular or high-profile individuals, or important facilities. The goal of these attacks is to demonstrate the weakness of the legitimate government, thus causing an uncoordinated backlash. [
https://fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part04.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1605594729#12_2605913642
Title: F-15 Eagle - Military Aircraft Headings: F-15 Eagle FAS | Military | DOD 101 | Systems | Aircraft |||| Index | Search | Join FAS F-15 Eagle F-15E Strike Eagle Service Life Foreign Military Sales F-15I Thunder F-15S Peace Sun IX F-15J Peace Eagle Specifications F-15C Weapon Loads F-15E Weapon Loads F-15E Strike Eagle Sources and Resources FAS | Military | DOD 101 | Systems | Aircraft |||| Index | Search | Join FAS Content: After twenty years of service, the F-15A has recently been reassigned from active duty Air Force fighter squadrons to Air National Guard units. The F-15A is flown by Air National Guard squadrons in the states of Oregon, Missouri, Georgia, Louisiana, Hawaii, and Massachussets. The first flight of the two-seat F-15B (formerly TF-15A) trainer was made in July 1973. The first F-15B Eagle was delivered in November 1974 to the 58th Tactical Training Wing, Luke Air Force Base, Ariz., where pilot training was accomplished in both F-15A and B aircraft. The F-15B incorporates a tandem seating configuration, with a second crewmember position aft of the pilot's seat. The primary purpose of the F-15B is aircrew training, with an instructor pilot occupying the rear seat while an upgrading pilot mans the front seat controls. The rear seat pilot has a full set of flight controls and can fly the aircraft throughout the envelope, including takeoff and landing. Even though space is sacrificed to accomodate the second crew member, the F-15B retains the same warfighting capability as the F-15A. In keeping with the trainer concept, however, the rear seat is not equipped with controls for the combat avionics and weaponry. In fact, the rear seat is not a mandatory crew position, and F-15Bs are often flown with empty rear cockpits. The F-15C is an improved version of the original F-15A single-seat air superiority fighter.
https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-15.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1605594729#13_2605915680
Title: F-15 Eagle - Military Aircraft Headings: F-15 Eagle FAS | Military | DOD 101 | Systems | Aircraft |||| Index | Search | Join FAS F-15 Eagle F-15E Strike Eagle Service Life Foreign Military Sales F-15I Thunder F-15S Peace Sun IX F-15J Peace Eagle Specifications F-15C Weapon Loads F-15E Weapon Loads F-15E Strike Eagle Sources and Resources FAS | Military | DOD 101 | Systems | Aircraft |||| Index | Search | Join FAS Content: The primary purpose of the F-15B is aircrew training, with an instructor pilot occupying the rear seat while an upgrading pilot mans the front seat controls. The rear seat pilot has a full set of flight controls and can fly the aircraft throughout the envelope, including takeoff and landing. Even though space is sacrificed to accomodate the second crew member, the F-15B retains the same warfighting capability as the F-15A. In keeping with the trainer concept, however, the rear seat is not equipped with controls for the combat avionics and weaponry. In fact, the rear seat is not a mandatory crew position, and F-15Bs are often flown with empty rear cockpits. The F-15C is an improved version of the original F-15A single-seat air superiority fighter. Additions incorporated in the F-15C include upgrades to avionics as well as increased internal fuel capacity and a higher allowable gross takeoff weight. The single-seat F-15C and two-seat F-15D models entered the Air Force inventory beginning in 1979. Kadena Air Base, Japan, received the first F-15C in September 1979. These new models have Production Ea
https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-15.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1605665078#0_2605945661
Title: Headings: Content: F/A-18 Hornet - Military Aircraft FAS| Military| DOD 101| Systems| Aircraft |||| Index| Search| Join FAS F/A-18 Hornet The F/A-18 "Hornet" is a single- and two-seat, twin engine, multi-mission fighter/attack aircraft that can operate from either aircraft carriers or land bases. The F/A-18 fills a variety of roles: air superiority, fighter escort, suppression of enemy air defenses, reconnaissance, forward air control, close and deep air support, and day and night strike missions. The F/A-18 Hornet replaced the F-4 Phantom II fighter and A-7 Corsair II light attack jet, and also replaced the A-6 Intruder as these aircraft were retired during the 1990s. The F/A-18 has a digital control-by-wire flight control system which provides excellent handling qualities, and allows pilots to learn to fly the airplane with relative ease. At the same time, this system provides exceptional maneuverability and allows the pilot to concentrate on operating the weapons system. A solid thrust-to-weight ratio and superior turn characteristics combined with energy sustainability, enable the F/A-18 to hold its own against any adversary. The power to maintain evasive action is what many pilots consider the Hornet's finest trait. In addition, the F/A-18 was also the Navy's first tactical jet aircraft to incorporate a digital, MUX bus architecture for the entire system's avionics suite. The benefit of this design feature is that the F/A-18 has been relatively easy to upgrade on a regular, affordable basis.
https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-18.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1605665078#3_2605950904
Title: Headings: Content: Coupled with cathode ray tubes for cockpit displays and appropriate controls based on thorough pilot evaluations in simulators, a single airplane and subsystems configuration for both missions was evolved During development, two-place trainer versions were added, to be built in limited numbers as TF/A-18s, intermingled with the basic F/As. Minimum changes were made to incorporate the second cockpit, with the two-seat airplanes retaining the ability to perform combat missions. Making the first flight in November 1978, the F/A-18 and its two-place derivative [subsequently redesignated the F/A-18B] underwent most of their development testing at the Naval Air Test Center under the new single-site testing concept. While much attention was focused on development problems, these were largely typical of those in any new program, with their resolution being part of the development process. For the most part, these occurred in the basic aircraft hardware rather than in the digital electronic systems. The original F/A-18A (single seat) and F/A-18B (dual seat) became operational in 1983 replacing Navy and Marine Corps F-4s and A-7s. It quickly became the battle group commander's mainstay because of its capability, versatility and availability. Reliability and ease of maintenance were emphasized in its design, and F/A-18s have consistently flown three times more hours without failure than other Navy tactical aircraft, while requiring half the maintenance time. The Hornet has been battle tested and has proved itself to be exactly what its designers intended: a highly reliable and versatile strike fighter.
https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-18.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1610456037#10_2608966684
Title: Headings: Committee Types and Roles Committee Types and Roles Valerie Heitshusen May 2, 2017 Congressional Research Service Structure of the Committee System Types of Committees Subcommittees Author Contact Information Acknowledgments Content: Some full committees repeat all actions taken by their subcommittees, while others review only major subcommittee work or even forward subcommittee-reported measures to the floor with little change. 4 Unlike the permanent existing joint committees, a joint committee established for a portion for the 112th Congress (the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction) was empowered to consider legislative proposals. 5 th See House Rule X, clause 5 (d)(2) , 115 Congress, for higher allowances for subcommittees at the House committees on Appropriations (13), Armed Services (7), Foreign Affairs (7), Oversight and Government Reform (7), and Transportation and Infrastructure (6). For the 115th Congress, also see Section 3(p) (“Separate Orders”) of H.Res. 5, 115th Congress, allowing the Agriculture Committee six subcommittees in the 115th Congress. For provisions in other recent congresses, see Section 3 (j) (“Separate Orders”) of H.Res. 5 (114th Congress), and Section 3 (f) (“Separate Orders”) of H.Res. 5 (113th Congress). Author Contact Information Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process [email protected], 7-8635 Acknowledgments This report was originally written by Thomas P. Carr, formerly an analyst in American National Government at CRS. The listed author has updated this report and is available to respond to inquiries on the subject.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/98-241.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1611810157#1_2610036446
Title: Headings: Health Care: Constitutional Rights and Legislative Powers Health Care: Constitutional Rights and Legislative Powers Kathleen S. Swendiman CRS Report for Congress Congressional Research Service Summary Health Care Rights Under the U.S. Constitution Explicit Rights in the U.S. Constitution The Right to Health Care at the Government’s Expense Substantive Due Process: Impact on Fundamental Rights Equal Protection: Wealth as a “Suspect Class” Exception: Under Government Control Health Care Legislation Under the U.S. Constitution Specific Sources of Constitutional Authority The Power to Tax and Spend for the General Welfare The Power To Regulate Interstate Commerce Federal Health Care Programs The Affordable Care Act Supreme Court Decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius State Attempts to “Nullify” or “Opt Out” of Affordable Care Act Requirements State statutes and constitutional amendments Interstate compacts State Constitutions and the Provision of Health Care Services Author Contact Information Content: The United States Supreme Court’s decision in NFIB v. Sebelius, which upheld most of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act/ACA), is also discussed. The United States Constitution does not set forth an explicit right to health care, and the Supreme Court has never interpreted the Constitution as guaranteeing a right to health care services from the government for those who cannot afford it. The Supreme Court has, however, held that the government has an obligation to provide medical care in certain limited circumstances, such as for prisoners. Congress has enacted numerous statutes, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, that establish and define specific statutory rights of individuals to receive health care services from the government. As a major component of many health care entitlement statutes, Congress has provided funding to pay for the health services provided under law. Most of these statutes have been enacted pursuant to Congress’s authority to “make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper” to carry out its mandate “to … provide for the … general Welfare.” Congress has also used other constitutional powers, such as its power to regulate interstate commerce and its power to levy taxes, to enact legislation relating to health insurance and health care. In 2010, Congress enacted the Affordable Care Act, a comprehensive health care reform law which includes a requirement, effective in 2014, that most individuals purchase health insurance, and which significantly expands the Medicaid program. A number of lawsuits were filed challenging various provisions of this legislation, and, on June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court upheld the majority of ACA’s provisions. Significantly, the Court upheld the requirement that individuals purchase health insurance as a valid exercise of Congress’ taxing power, but the Court limited Congress’ power to spend for the general welfare by holding that Congress cannot threaten the states with the loss of all federal Medicaid funds if the states decline to expand Medicaid coverage as mandated by ACA.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40846.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1614751825#4_2611363476
Title: Headings: NFIB v. Sebelius: Constitutionality of the Individual Mandate NFIB v. Sebelius: Constitutionality of the Individual Mandate Erika K. Lunder Jennifer Staman CRS Report for Congress Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Commerce Clause Supreme Court Review Possible Implications Taxing Power Is the Individual Mandate a Tax or Penalty? Have Any Taxes Been Struck Down? Is the Individual Mandate a Direct Tax? Possible Implications Author Contact Information Content: It should be noted that the Supreme Court also rendered a decision on the constitutionality of the ACA’s expansion of the Medicaid program. For a discussion of the Supreme Court’s decision on the Medicaid expansion, see CRS Report R42367, Medicaid and Federal Grant Conditions After NFIB v. Sebelius: Constitutional Issues and Analysis, by Kenneth R. Thomas. Introduction As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA),1 as amended, Congress enacted the “individual mandate,” which requires certain individuals to have a minimum level of health insurance. Individuals who fail to do so may be subject to a monetary penalty, administered through the tax code.2 Prior to ACA, Congress had never required individuals to buy health insurance, and there had been significant debate over whether the individual mandate was within the scope of Congress’s legislative powers. Shortly after ACA was enacted, several lawsuits were filed that challenged the individual mandate on constitutional grounds. While some of these cases were dismissed for procedural reasons, others moved forward. These challenges culminated in a case recently decided by the Supreme Court, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (NFIB),3 one of the most controversial and highly publicized cases in recent years. This case received a great deal of attention, not just because of its potential implications for federal regulation of the health care system, but also for the scope of legislative power and the relationship between the federal government, states, and individuals. The NFIB case began when attorneys general in several states brought an action in the District Court of the Northern District of Florida against the Secretaries of Health and Human Services (HHS), Treasury, and Labor, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief from various requirements of ACA, including the individual mandate.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42698.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1614933527#1_2611435682
Title: Headings: Post-Employment, “Revolving Door,” Laws for Federal Personnel Post-Employment, “Revolving Door,” Laws for Federal Personnel Jack Maskell January 7, 2014 Congressional Research Service Summary Background: Legislative History and Intent of Provisions Executive Branch—Representational Activities Lifetime Ban on “Switching Sides” 2. Two-Year Ban on “Switching Sides” 3. Representations in Treaty or Trade Negotiations 4. “Senior” Officials: One-Year “Cooling Off” Period 5. “Very Senior” Officials: Two-Year “Cooling Off” Period 6. Representing Foreign Governments 7. Presidential and Vice-Presidential “Appointees” in Obama Administration Bank Examiners Procurement Officials Negotiating Private Employment Executive Branch Legislative Branch Legislative Branch—Representational Activities 1. “Cooling Off” Periods on Lobbying or Advocacy 2. Trade or Treaty Negotiations 3. Representing Foreign Governments 4. Lobbying Restrictions on Senate Staff 5. Floor Privileges of Former Members 6. Acceptance of Civil Office by Retiring Member of Congress Author Contact Infrmation Content: (3) a one-year restriction on assisting others on certain trade or treaty negotiations; (4) a one-year “cooling off” period for certain “senior” officials barring representational communications to and attempts to influence persons in their former departments or agencies; (5) a new two-year “cooling off” period for “very senior” officials barring representational communications to and attempts to influence certain other high- ranking officials in the entire executive branch of government; and (6) a one-year ban on certain former high-level officials performing certain representational or advisory activities for foreign governments or foreign political parties. In the legislative branch, this law applies the one-year “cooling off” period, as well as the restrictions on representations on behalf of official foreign entities and assistance in trade negotiations, to Members of the House and to senior legislative staff. United States Senators are subject to a two-year “cooling off” period in which they may not lobby Congress after leaving the Senate. “Procurement personnel” in federal agencies are not only limited in their post-employment representational, lobbying, or advocacy activities on behalf of private entities after leaving government service, but they are also prohibited from receiving compensation from certain private contractors for a period of time after being responsible for procurement action on certain large contracts as government officials. Procurement personnel also have additional rules on reporting “contacts” from prospective employers who are government contractors. The provisions of an executive order issued by President Obama on January 21, 2009, impose stricter limits on certain executive branch personnel. Full time, non-career presidential and vice- presidential appointees, including non-career appointees in the Senior Executive Service, and excepted service confidential, policy-making appointees, are barred after leaving the Administration from “lobbying” any executive branch official “covered” by the Lobbying Disclosure Act (2 U.S.C. §1602(3)), or any non-career SES appointee, for the remainder of the Administration.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42728.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#2_2611885542
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: These first two exceptions, enunciated in the case of Montana v. United States, are based on the tribes’ inherent sovereignty, and exercises of jurisdiction under them must relate to a tribe’s right to self-government. Third, Indian tribes may exercise jurisdiction over nonmembers when Congress authorizes them to do so. Congress may delegate federal authority to the tribes, or re-vest the tribes with inherent sovereign authority that they had lost previously. Indian tribes may also exercise jurisdiction over nonmembers under their power to exclude persons from tribal property. However, it is not clear whether the power to exclude is independent of the Montana exceptions. The question of a tribe’s jurisdiction over nonmembers can be very complex. It is fair to say, however, that tribal jurisdiction over non-Indians is quite limited. Tribal jurisdiction over nonmember Indians is more extensive. Federal courts, however, consistently require nonmember defendants to challenge tribal court jurisdiction in tribal court before pursuing relief in federal court. Introduction Originally, Indian tribes exercised sovereign authority over their territory and the all people within it, including non-Indians.1 However, Indian tribes lost some of that authority by “ceding their lands to the United States and announcing their dependence on the Federal Government.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#3_2611888973
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: The question of a tribe’s jurisdiction over nonmembers can be very complex. It is fair to say, however, that tribal jurisdiction over non-Indians is quite limited. Tribal jurisdiction over nonmember Indians is more extensive. Federal courts, however, consistently require nonmember defendants to challenge tribal court jurisdiction in tribal court before pursuing relief in federal court. Introduction Originally, Indian tribes exercised sovereign authority over their territory and the all people within it, including non-Indians.1 However, Indian tribes lost some of that authority by “ceding their lands to the United States and announcing their dependence on the Federal Government. ”2 “Indian tribes are prohibited from exercising both those powers of autonomous states that are expressly terminated by Congress and those powers inconsistent with their status. ”3 Express termination of a tribe’s sovereign authority may be found in treaties and statutes. As to sovereign authority lost by virtue of the tribes’ status, the Supreme Court has explained, “[t]he areas in which such implicit divestiture of sovereignty has been held to have occurred are those involving the relations between an Indian tribe and non-members of the tribe. ”4 By virtue of their “dependent status,” therefore, tribes have lost the sovereign authority to determine their relations with nonmembers.5 Accordingly, in Oliphant v. Suquamish, the Supreme Court held that Indian tribes do not have inherent sovereign authority to try non-Indian criminal defendants,6 and in Montana v. United States, the Supreme Court announced the general rule for civil jurisdiction that “the inherent sovereign powers of an Indian tribe do not extend to the activities of non-members of the tribe. ”7 Immediately after announcing this rule for civil jurisdiction in Montana, however, the Court identified two exceptions, known as the Montana exceptions:
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#4_2611893335
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: ”2 “Indian tribes are prohibited from exercising both those powers of autonomous states that are expressly terminated by Congress and those powers inconsistent with their status. ”3 Express termination of a tribe’s sovereign authority may be found in treaties and statutes. As to sovereign authority lost by virtue of the tribes’ status, the Supreme Court has explained, “[t]he areas in which such implicit divestiture of sovereignty has been held to have occurred are those involving the relations between an Indian tribe and non-members of the tribe. ”4 By virtue of their “dependent status,” therefore, tribes have lost the sovereign authority to determine their relations with nonmembers.5 Accordingly, in Oliphant v. Suquamish, the Supreme Court held that Indian tribes do not have inherent sovereign authority to try non-Indian criminal defendants,6 and in Montana v. United States, the Supreme Court announced the general rule for civil jurisdiction that “the inherent sovereign powers of an Indian tribe do not extend to the activities of non-members of the tribe. ”7 Immediately after announcing this rule for civil jurisdiction in Montana, however, the Court identified two exceptions, known as the Montana exceptions: To be sure, Indian tribes retain inherent sovereign power to exercise some forms of civil jurisdiction over non-Indians on their reservations, even on non-Indian fee lands. A tribe may regulate, through taxation, licensing, or other means, the activities of non-members who enter consensual relationships with the tribe or its members, through commercial dealing, contracts, leases, or other arrangements. A tribe may also retain inherent power to exercise civil authority over the conduct of non-Indians on fee land within its reservation when that conduct threatens or has some direct effect on the political integrity, the economic security, or the health or welfare of the tribe.8 In order to fit within one of these exceptions, nonmember conduct must somehow impinge on a tribe’s inherent authority to govern itself and its members.9 The Supreme Court has identified the tribes’ right as landowners to exclude nonmembers from tribal land as one of the bases for upholding tribal taxes against nonmembers’ activities on tribal See Duro v. Reina, 495 U.S. 676, 685 (1990) (“A basic attribute of full territorial sovereignty is the power to enforce laws against all who come within the sovereign’s territory, whether citizens or aliens. Oliphant [v. Suquamish] recognized that tribes can no longer be described as sovereigns in this sense.”). Oliphant v. Suquamish, 435 U.S. 191, 208 (1978).
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#5_2611898909
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: To be sure, Indian tribes retain inherent sovereign power to exercise some forms of civil jurisdiction over non-Indians on their reservations, even on non-Indian fee lands. A tribe may regulate, through taxation, licensing, or other means, the activities of non-members who enter consensual relationships with the tribe or its members, through commercial dealing, contracts, leases, or other arrangements. A tribe may also retain inherent power to exercise civil authority over the conduct of non-Indians on fee land within its reservation when that conduct threatens or has some direct effect on the political integrity, the economic security, or the health or welfare of the tribe.8 In order to fit within one of these exceptions, nonmember conduct must somehow impinge on a tribe’s inherent authority to govern itself and its members.9 The Supreme Court has identified the tribes’ right as landowners to exclude nonmembers from tribal land as one of the bases for upholding tribal taxes against nonmembers’ activities on tribal See Duro v. Reina, 495 U.S. 676, 685 (1990) (“A basic attribute of full territorial sovereignty is the power to enforce laws against all who come within the sovereign’s territory, whether citizens or aliens. Oliphant [v. Suquamish] recognized that tribes can no longer be described as sovereigns in this sense.”). Oliphant v. Suquamish, 435 U.S. 191, 208 (1978). Id. (emphasis in original; internal quotations omitted). United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313, 326 (1978). Id. This is not an absolute rule. This report discusses the limited exceptions to it at pages 4-10.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#7_2611905172
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: 6 435 U.S. 191 (1978). 7 450 U.S. 544, 565 (1981). In Montana, the Court considered whether the Tribe had jurisdiction to enforce its hunting regulations against nonmembers hunting on non-Indian fee land located within the Tribe’s reservation. 8 Id. at 565-566. 9 Nevada v. Hicks, 533 U.S., 353, 361 (2001) (“Tribal assertion of regulatory authority over non-members must be connected to that right of the Indians to make their own laws and be governed by them.”). land.10 It is unclear, however whether the power to exclude is independent of the Montana exceptions.11 Tribes may also exercise jurisdiction over nonmembers when Congress authorizes them to do so. Congress has provided for tribal authority over nonmembers related to the sale of alcohol on reservations, enforcement of tribal hunting and fishing ordinances on reservations, and enforcement of certain environmental statutes. Although tribal jurisdiction over nonmembers is fairly limited, if a nonmember defendant in tribal court believes the court lacks jurisdiction, he or she must first challenge the jurisdiction in tribal court.12 Only after exhausting the tribal court remedies may the nonmember get relief in federal court. Criminal Jurisdiction In most cases, tribal criminal jurisdiction over non-Indian offenders is clear—as a general rule, Indian tribes do not have it. However, there is an exception for tribes to exercise criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians who commit dating and domestic violence against Indians within a tribe’s jurisdiction, provided the non-Indian has sufficient ties to the tribe and the tribe provides certain rights.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1616226215#9_2611912816
Title: Headings: Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Tribal Jurisdiction over Nonmembers: A Legal Overview Jane M. Smith November 26, 2013 Congressional Research Service Summary Introduction Criminal Jurisdiction Over Non-Indians Over Nonmember Indians Civil Jurisdiction The Montana Exceptions Consensual Relationships The Consensual Relationship Must Be Related to the Non-Indian Conduct at Issue The Consensual Relationship Must Be Private The Consensual Relationship May Consist of Invoking Tribal Court Jurisdiction Threat to the Tribe’s Integrity The Power to Exclude Statutory Exceptions Nonmembers Must First Challenge Tribal Court Jurisdiction in Tribal Court Conclusion Author Contact Information Content: Tribal criminal jurisdiction over nonmember Indians is more difficult to discern. Such jurisdiction depends on whether the nonmember Indian is recognized as an Indian by the federal government or the tribal community. This determination turns on factors such as enrollment in a tribe; the degree to which the nonmember Indian has received federal services and benefits for Indians; benefited from tribal rights or services; and participated in tribal ceremonies and social life. Over Non-Indians In Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, the Court held that tribes lack inherent sovereign authority over non-
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43324.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1618046024#4_2612754635
Title: Headings: Risk and Needs Assessment in the Federal Prison System Risk and Needs Assessment in the Federal Prison System Nathan James July 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service Summary An Overview of Risk and Needs Assessment Risk and Needs Factors Can Risk and Needs Assessment Instruments Accurately Predict Risk? Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) Principles Risk Principle Needs Principle Responsivity Principle “Central Eight” Risk and Needs Factors Empirical Basis for the RNR Principles Select Issues for Congress Concerns About Bias in Risk and Needs Assessment Should Certain Inmates Be Excluded from Receiving Time Credits? Should Priority Be Given to High-Risk Offenders? Should Risk and Needs Assessment Be Used in Sentencing? Should There Be a Decreased Emphasis on Long Prison Sentences? Author Contact Information Content: There are several issues policymakers might contemplate should Congress choose to consider legislation to implement a risk and needs assessment system in federal prisons, including the following: Is there the potential for bias in the use of risk and needs assessment? Should certain inmates be ineligible for earned time credits? Should prison programming focus on inmates at high risk of recidivism? Should risk assessment be incorporated into sentencing? Should there be a decreased focus on long prison sentences? Assessment in the Federal Prison System The number of people incarcerated in federal prisons increased dramatically over the past three decades. The total number of inmates in the federal prison system increased from approximately 25,000 in FY1980 to over 219,000 in FY2013.1 Since the peak in FY2013, the number of inmates in the federal prison system decreased each subsequent fiscal year, falling to approximately 186,000 inmates in FY2017.2 However, even with the recent decrease in the number of federal prison inmates, the federal prison population is more than seven times larger than it was three decades ago. While research indicates that the expanded use of incarceration during the 1980s and 1990s contributed to the declining crime rate, the effect was likely small,3 and it has likely reached the point of diminishing returns.4 Concerns about both the economic and social consequences of the country’s burgeoning prison population have resulted in a range of organizations including the American Civil Liberties Union, Right on Crime, and the American Conservative Union’s Center for Criminal Justice Reform calling for reforms to the nation’s criminal justice system. Congress also formed the Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections to examine the growth of the federal prison population and provide recommendations for reforms.5 There are two, not mutually exclusive, methods to reduce the number of incarcerated individuals in the United States:
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44087.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1629476274#0_2616800003
Title: Headings: U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues Economics of Trade U.S. Trade Trends Components of U.S. Trade Policy U.S. Trade Laws and Policy Tools Trade Promotion Authority The World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Agreement Negotiations U.S.-China Trade Relations Potential Issues for Congress Disclaimer Content: U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues Updated September 15, 2020 U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues Congress plays a major role in U.S. trade policy through its constitutional authority over tariffs and foreign commerce (Article 1, §8). Since World War II, U.S. trade policy has generally sought to promote U.S. economic growth and competitiveness by: (1) reducing global trade and investment barriers; (2) fostering an open, transparent, and nondiscriminatory rules-based trading system, including through the World Trade Organization (WTO); (3) enforcing partner countries’ trade commitments and U.S. trade laws; and (4) offering relief to U.S. firms and workers adversely affected by “unfair” foreign trade practices and trade liberalization. Congress has deliberated and legislated in response to aspects of the Trump Administration’s trade policy, including the President’s use of unilateral tariffs, the priorities and scope of U.S. trade agreement negotiations, and the U.S. approach to China and other trading partners. Economics of Trade Economic theory holds that international trade can be beneficial at the national level, but benefits and costs can be unevenly distributed or concentrated.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10156.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1629476274#8_2616820539
Title: Headings: U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues Economics of Trade U.S. Trade Trends Components of U.S. Trade Policy U.S. Trade Laws and Policy Tools Trade Promotion Authority The World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Agreement Negotiations U.S.-China Trade Relations Potential Issues for Congress Disclaimer Content: Trade preferences. Duty-free access to U.S. markets for eligible developing countries and products, intended to encourage trade and spur their economic growth. Investment. Protection and promotion (through investment treaties and trade agreements); examination of inbound FDI for national security implications. U.S. Trade Laws and Policy Tools The Administration highlights the U.S. trade deficit as an indicator of foreign “unfair” trade practices with potential implications for U.S. industry and jobs, and has assertively enforced U.S. trade laws. In particular, the Administration has applied unilateral tariff increases through use of authorities delegated by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum) and the Trade Act of 1974 (Section 201 tariffs on washing machines and solar panels, and Section 301 tariffs on Chinese imports). Congress created these authorities to address injurious import threats to U.S. industry (Sec. 201) and national security (Sec. 232), as well as foreign trade barriers or trade commitment violations (Sec.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10156.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#0_2617047721
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33534 Implications Summary Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization nearly 40 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free-market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world’s fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging 9.5% through 2018, a pace described by the World Bank as “the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history.” Such growth has enabled China, on average, to double its GDP every eight years and helped raise an estimated 800 million people out of poverty. China has become the world’s largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves. This in turn has made China a major commercial partner of the United States. China is the largest U.S. merchandise trading partner, biggest source of imports, and third-largest U.S. export market. China is also the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities, which help fund the federal debt and keep U.S. interest rates low. As China’s economy has matured, its real GDP growth has slowed significantly, from 14.2% in 2007 to 6.6% in 2018, and that growth is projected by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to fall to 5.5% by 2024.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#1_2617052832
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: China has become the world’s largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves. This in turn has made China a major commercial partner of the United States. China is the largest U.S. merchandise trading partner, biggest source of imports, and third-largest U.S. export market. China is also the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities, which help fund the federal debt and keep U.S. interest rates low. As China’s economy has matured, its real GDP growth has slowed significantly, from 14.2% in 2007 to 6.6% in 2018, and that growth is projected by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to fall to 5.5% by 2024. The Chinese government has embraced slower economic growth, referring to it as the “new normal” and acknowledging the need for China to embrace a new growth model that relies less on fixed investment and exporting, and more on private consumption, services, and innovation to drive economic growth. Such reforms are needed in order for China to avoid hitting the “middle-income trap,” when countries achieve a certain economic level but begin to experience sharply diminishing economic growth rates because they are unable to adopt new sources of economic growth, such as innovation. The Chinese government has made innovation a top priority in its economic planning through a number of high-profile initiatives, such as “Made in China 2025,” a plan announced in 2015 to upgrade and modernize China’s manufacturing in 10 key sectors through extensive government assistance in order to make China a major global player in these sectors. However, such measures have increasingly raised concerns that China intends to use industrial policies to decrease the country’s reliance on foreign technology (including by locking out foreign firms in China) and eventually dominate global markets. In 2017, the Trump Administration launched a Section 301 investigation of China’s innovation and intellectual property policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#2_2617058571
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: The Chinese government has embraced slower economic growth, referring to it as the “new normal” and acknowledging the need for China to embrace a new growth model that relies less on fixed investment and exporting, and more on private consumption, services, and innovation to drive economic growth. Such reforms are needed in order for China to avoid hitting the “middle-income trap,” when countries achieve a certain economic level but begin to experience sharply diminishing economic growth rates because they are unable to adopt new sources of economic growth, such as innovation. The Chinese government has made innovation a top priority in its economic planning through a number of high-profile initiatives, such as “Made in China 2025,” a plan announced in 2015 to upgrade and modernize China’s manufacturing in 10 key sectors through extensive government assistance in order to make China a major global player in these sectors. However, such measures have increasingly raised concerns that China intends to use industrial policies to decrease the country’s reliance on foreign technology (including by locking out foreign firms in China) and eventually dominate global markets. In 2017, the Trump Administration launched a Section 301 investigation of China’s innovation and intellectual property policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests. It subsequently raised tariffs by 25% on $250 billion worth of imports from China, while China increased tariffs (ranging from 5% to 25%) on $110 billion worth of imports from the United States. Such measures have sharply decreased bilateral trade in 2019. On May 10, 2019, President Trump announced he was considering raising tariffs on nearly all remaining products from China. A protected and escalating trade conflict between the United States and China could have negative consequences for the Chinese economy. China’s growing global economic influence and the economic and trade policies it maintains have significant implications for the United States and hence are of major interest to Congress.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#3_2617064292
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: It subsequently raised tariffs by 25% on $250 billion worth of imports from China, while China increased tariffs (ranging from 5% to 25%) on $110 billion worth of imports from the United States. Such measures have sharply decreased bilateral trade in 2019. On May 10, 2019, President Trump announced he was considering raising tariffs on nearly all remaining products from China. A protected and escalating trade conflict between the United States and China could have negative consequences for the Chinese economy. China’s growing global economic influence and the economic and trade policies it maintains have significant implications for the United States and hence are of major interest to Congress. While China is a large and growing market for U.S. firms, its incomplete transition to a free-market economy has resulted in economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as industrial policies and theft of U.S. intellectual property. This report provides background on China’s economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China’s economic rise for the United States.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#4_2617068637
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: While China is a large and growing market for U.S. firms, its incomplete transition to a free-market economy has resulted in economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as industrial policies and theft of U.S. intellectual property. This report provides background on China’s economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China’s economic rise for the United States. Implications China’s rise from a poor developing country to a major economic power in about four decades has been spectacular. From 1979 (when economic reforms began) to 2017, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10%.1 According to the World Bank, China has “experienced the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history—and has lifted more than 800 million people out of poverty. ”2 China has emerged as a major global economic power. For example, it ranks first in terms of economic size on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, value-added manufacturing, merchandise trade, and holder of foreign exchange reserves. China’s rapid economic growth has led to a substantial increase in bilateral commercial ties with the United States.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#5_2617073165
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: Implications China’s rise from a poor developing country to a major economic power in about four decades has been spectacular. From 1979 (when economic reforms began) to 2017, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10%.1 According to the World Bank, China has “experienced the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history—and has lifted more than 800 million people out of poverty. ”2 China has emerged as a major global economic power. For example, it ranks first in terms of economic size on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, value-added manufacturing, merchandise trade, and holder of foreign exchange reserves. China’s rapid economic growth has led to a substantial increase in bilateral commercial ties with the United States. According to U.S. trade data, total trade between the two countries grew from $5 billion in 1980 to $660 billion in 2018. China is currently the United States’ largest merchandise trading partner, its third-largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U.S. companies have extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing.3 These operations have helped some U.S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have supplied U.S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large- scale purchases of U.S. Treasury securities (which totaled $1.1 trillion as of April 2019 have enabled the federal government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U.S. interest rates relatively low.4 However, the emergence of China as a major economic power has raised concern among many U.S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U.S. markets with low-cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1630725595#6_2617078764
Title: Headings: China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States Updated June 25, 2019 Congressional Research Service Summary China’s The History of China’s Economic Development China’s Economy Prior to Reforms The Introduction of Economic Reforms China’s Economic Growth and Reforms: 1979-the Present Causes of China’s Economic Growth Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The Decline and Rise of China’s Economy Changes in China’s Wage and Labor Cost Advantages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China Factors Driving China’s FDI Outflow Strategy China’s Merchandise Trade Patterns China’s Major Trading Partners Major Chinese Trade Commodities Percentage of 2017/2016 Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy China’s Incomplete Transition to a Market Economy Industrial Policies and SOEs China and Global Steel Overcapacity A State-Dominated Banking Sector, Excess Credit, and Growing Debt Environmental Challenges Corruption and the Relative Lack of the Rule of Law Demographic Challenges China’s Hukou System91 Economic Goals of the 19th Party Congress of the Communist Party China’s Belt and Road Initiative Made in China 2025 Challenges to U.S. Policy of China’s Economic Rise Author Information Disclaimer Content: According to U.S. trade data, total trade between the two countries grew from $5 billion in 1980 to $660 billion in 2018. China is currently the United States’ largest merchandise trading partner, its third-largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U.S. companies have extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing.3 These operations have helped some U.S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have supplied U.S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large- scale purchases of U.S. Treasury securities (which totaled $1.1 trillion as of April 2019 have enabled the federal government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U.S. interest rates relatively low.4 However, the emergence of China as a major economic power has raised concern among many U.S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U.S. markets with low-cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards. Others contend that China’s growing use of industrial policies to promote and protect certain domestic Chinese industries or firms favored by the government, and its failure to take effective action against widespread infringement and theft of U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, threaten to undermine the competitiveness of U.S. IP-intensive industries. In addition, while China has become a large and growing market for U.S. exports, critics contend that numerous trade and investment barriers limit opportunities for U.S. firms to sell in China, or force them to set up production facilities in China as the price of doing business there. The Chinese government views a growing economy as vital to maintaining social stability. However, China faces a number of major economic challenges that could dampen future growth, including distortive economic policies that have resulted in overreliance on fixed investment and exports for economic growth (rather than on consumer demand), government support for state- owned firms, a weak banking system, widening income gaps, growing pollution, and the relative lack of the rule of law in China. The Chinese government has acknowledged these problems and has pledged to address them by implementing policies to increase the role of the market in the economy, boost innovation, make consumer spending the driving force of the eco
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33534.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1633725519#0_2620051409
Title: Headings: Why is it important to teach evolution? Why is it important to teach evolution? Resources and References Evolution and Medicine, Barton Childs Evolution & Medicine Network, A website for scientists, scholars, and clinicians working at the interface of evolution and medicine Evolution, Science, and Society: Evolutionary Biology and the National Research Agenda, Office of University Publications, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey From the Origin of Life to the Future of Biotech: The Work of Andy Ellington, Understanding Evolution Content: Why is it important to teach evolution? Why is it important to teach evolution? Understanding evolution is critical for understanding biology. As the preeminent scientist Theodosius Dobzhansky stated, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Evolution is the only scientific explanation for the diversity of life. It explains the striking similarities among vastly different forms of life, the changes that occur within populations, and the development of new life forms. Excluding evolution from the science curricula or compromising its treatment deprives students of this fundamental and unifying scientific concept to explain the natural world. Teaching and learning about evolution have immense practical value that extends beyond understanding our world. The principles of evolution underlie improvements in crops, livestock, and farming methods. Natural selection accounts for the rise in pesticide resistance among agricultural pests and informs the design of new technologies to protect crops from insects and disease.
https://faseb.org/portals/2/PDFs/opa/Why%20is%20it%20important%20to%20teach%20evolution.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1636034720#1_2625471064
Title: 1770-1779 | Fashion History Timeline Headings: 1770-1779 1770-1779 OVERVIEW Womenswear Men: Waistcoats began to shorten; Macaroni imitators” Fashion Icon: Menswear CHILDREN’S WEAR References: Historical Context Events: Timeline Entries 1770-96 – Agostino Brunias, Free Women of Color with Their Children and Servants in a Landscape 1770s – Portrait of a Lady Holding an Orange Blossom 1778 – David Martin, Portrait of Dido Elizabeth Belle Lindsay and Lady Elizabeth Murray 1778 – Joseph Siffred Duplessis, Benjamin Franklin 1778 – Thomas Gainsborough, Mrs. Grace Dalrymple Elliott Primary/Period Sources Secondary Sources About The Author Summer Lee Recent Essays Twitter Tweets by FITfashionstory Instagram Content: Stays forced a proper standing posture. Garments like these could not be washed often because of the fabrics from which they were made. The Enlightenment produced a backlash against sumptuary laws which asserted a stagnant social hierarchy. During the Enlightenment, court dress stayed almost the same while outside of court dress, fashion became less extravagant and shifted more towards comfort rather than courtly display.” Of 1770s changes in fashion, Wikipedia writes: “Women: robe à la française or sack-back gown; robe à l’anglaise or close-bodied gown; the Brunswick; tall hair and headdresses Men:
https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1770-1779/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1637232619#0_2627040330
Title: Women's Fashion - Renaissance Fashion Headings: Women's fashion in the Renaissance Women's fashion in the Renaissance Content: Women's Fashion - Renaissance Fashion Women's fashion in the Renaissance During the Renaissance period, women often wore long dresses. The dresses often consisted of detachable sleeves that were given by the groom to their new wives. The sleeves could also be passed down from mother to daughter, aunt to niece, or even be rented. To keep the dresses clean, the women would wear aprons or overdresses that were washable with linen chemises and shifts as underwear. The materials used to make the dresses would show the class of the woman, imported fabrics and rich textiles showed wealth while thin linen was worn by the lower classes. Wealthy women were well distinguished from the poor women, as their clothing were more complex and extravagant. The clothing they wore resulted in very constricted movement, as they had servants to help them put their clothes on. The lower class needed to work so they wore lighter and more comfortable clothing. In the image on the right, the difference between the outfits of the poor and wealthy are clearly noticeable. Before women got married, they would wear their hair down.
https://fashionintherenaissance.weebly.com/womens-fashion.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656251919#1_2665354388
Title: Best spikes for hurdles. - Fast Running Club Headings: Best spikes for hurdles. Best spikes for hurdles. Skip to section What things should the athlete consider before purchasing hurdling spikes? The type of hurdles event. The hurdling experience level of the athlete. What spikes are best for hurdles? Nike Zoom. PUMA Complete Tfx Sprint III Track Shoe Adidas Men’s sprintstar track shoe Nike Zoom Celar Track Spikes Shoes ASICS Men’s Hyper LD 5 Track and Field Shoe Content: Choosing the right spikes for the hurdle will help the athlete execute the right hurdling technique and will minimise the risk of slips and falls, especially when the athlete aims to reach top speed in time to go over the first hurdle. Skip to section What things should the athlete consider before purchasing hurdling spikes? The type of hurdles event. The hurdling experience level of the athlete. What spikes are best for hurdles? Nike Zoom. PUMA Complete Tfx Sprint III Track Shoe Adidas Men’s sprintstar track shoe Nike Zoom Celar Track Spikes Shoes ASICS Men’s Hyper LD 5 Track and Field Shoe What things should the athlete consider before purchasing hurdling spikes? The type of hurdles event. You will want to invest in spikes that allow you to focus on driving your power forward for the straight hurdles events. This will include:
https://fastrunning.club/best-spikes-for-hurdles/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#0_2665378493
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Estimated read time: 6 minutes, 15 seconds You’ve got an amazing idea for a new piece of software or service that you’re confident about developing further, but is the market really ready for your idea? Whether you’re an emerging startup or an established business, finding product-market fit is a good indicator for the success of your next venture. First coined by Marc Andreessen in 2007, “product-market fit” was initially defined as “being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.” Over the years countless venture capitalists, founders, and product professionals have offered their own interpretations for the term, but at its very core product-market fit is all about creating a product that not only meets the needs of your customers (the market), but does so in a way that is better than the other existing alternatives. Dan Olsen, a product management consultant, expands on this topic further in his framework; the Lean Product Process, to help businesses achieve product-market fit. Whether you’re looking to launch a brand new product or introduce a new service to an already existing product line, following this 6 step framework will help you determine the feasibility of your idea. Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer It’s important to recognize that you may not have a precise definition of who exactly your target customer is initially, having a high-level hypothesis about who your product will serve is sufficient for this first step.
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#1_2665380843
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: Dan Olsen, a product management consultant, expands on this topic further in his framework; the Lean Product Process, to help businesses achieve product-market fit. Whether you’re looking to launch a brand new product or introduce a new service to an already existing product line, following this 6 step framework will help you determine the feasibility of your idea. Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer It’s important to recognize that you may not have a precise definition of who exactly your target customer is initially, having a high-level hypothesis about who your product will serve is sufficient for this first step. As you conduct more market research and begin segmenting your customers, you may find that your initial hypothesis may change. Establishing clear buyer personas to describe your customers adds a human element to the design process and gives your product team a better understanding of who exactly you’re building the product or service for. Some characteristics you should include in your personas are customer demographics, behavior patterns, motivations, and goals. You’ll want to be as detailed as possible since these fictional personas will serve as a representation of the real users who will end up using your product. Step #2:
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#2_2665382834
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: As you conduct more market research and begin segmenting your customers, you may find that your initial hypothesis may change. Establishing clear buyer personas to describe your customers adds a human element to the design process and gives your product team a better understanding of who exactly you’re building the product or service for. Some characteristics you should include in your personas are customer demographics, behavior patterns, motivations, and goals. You’ll want to be as detailed as possible since these fictional personas will serve as a representation of the real users who will end up using your product. Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers After identifying a core set of customers you’d like to market your product to, the next step is to understand their needs. Whether you call it pain points or customer needs, the underlying principle is the same, the success of your product in the market will depend on its ability to address the underserved needs of your target customers. Because your product will be compared to existing solutions, it would make more sense to try and break into a market where the customer needs aren’t adequately met. A good market opportunity exists when your software or service is able to create value for customers. Step #3:
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#8_2665394239
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: It isn’t very efficient to invest considerable time and effort into building a finished product if you have to drastically change the product or pivot down the road. Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Once you’re satisfied with the first iteration of your MVP, it’s time to test it with your target customers. Data integrity is extremely important in this final step since the feedback you receive will be instrumental in influencing the direction of your product. From the start, you’ll want to only elicit feedback from people who fit the criteria of your target customers. If you’re not careful, you could risk iterating your product in the wrong direction to meet the needs of customers who might not necessarily be in the market for your product. To prevent this, consider designing a survey/questionnaire to make sure you’re identifying research participants who more closely fit your ideal customer persona. The actual test of your MVP with your target customers should incorporate a variety of qualitative and quantitative questions. Open-ended questions are more helpful in soliciting constructive feedback than questions that can be easily answered with a “yes” or “no” response. Of course, you should be careful and ensure you’re not asking leading questions since they can prime your users to give a particular answer.
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#9_2665396342
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: If you’re not careful, you could risk iterating your product in the wrong direction to meet the needs of customers who might not necessarily be in the market for your product. To prevent this, consider designing a survey/questionnaire to make sure you’re identifying research participants who more closely fit your ideal customer persona. The actual test of your MVP with your target customers should incorporate a variety of qualitative and quantitative questions. Open-ended questions are more helpful in soliciting constructive feedback than questions that can be easily answered with a “yes” or “no” response. Of course, you should be careful and ensure you’re not asking leading questions since they can prime your users to give a particular answer. At the end of each test, be sure to look at both the positive and negative feedback you receive and take notice of any patterns in the responses and behaviors of each user who interacted with your product or service. Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations The overall process for achieving product-market fit is an ongoing process. You may find that your initial assumptions about your product, the market opportunity, or even your target customers may not hold true after each iteration of the Lean Product Process. As long as you stay persistent and receptive to the feedback of your market, you’re on the right track to developing a product with strong market opportunity. Once you’ve determined that your software or service has achieved adequate product-market fit, the next logical step is to figure out a viable go-to-market strategy and get your product in front of as many customers as possible.
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1656262245#10_2665398750
Title: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea | FastSpring Headings: How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea How To Determine The Viability Of Your Product Idea Step #1: Determine Your Target Customer Step #2: Understanding the Needs of Your Customers Step #3: Define Your Value Proposition Step #4: Offer Up a Core Set of Features For Your Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Step #5: Build the MVP Prototype Step #6: Get Your MVP In front of Customers Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations Content: At the end of each test, be sure to look at both the positive and negative feedback you receive and take notice of any patterns in the responses and behaviors of each user who interacted with your product or service. Reflections, Pivots, & Iterations The overall process for achieving product-market fit is an ongoing process. You may find that your initial assumptions about your product, the market opportunity, or even your target customers may not hold true after each iteration of the Lean Product Process. As long as you stay persistent and receptive to the feedback of your market, you’re on the right track to developing a product with strong market opportunity. Once you’ve determined that your software or service has achieved adequate product-market fit, the next logical step is to figure out a viable go-to-market strategy and get your product in front of as many customers as possible. FastSpring’s ecommerce platform is designed to support a full spectrum of digital products and distribution models and has helped thousands of businesses monetize their product offerings. Click here to learn how partnering with an all-in-one ecommerce platform can help you take your business to the next level.
https://fastspring.com/blog/determine-viability-product-idea/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1665747679#1_2685384456
Title: UPDATED June 2019 -- How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps | Glam & Gowns Blog Headings: UPDATED June 2019 — How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps UPDATED June 2019 — How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps Step 1: Sweep a light colored shadow into the crease of your eye. Step 2: Pick another color and use a flat brush to dust the color all over your eyelid. Step 3: Choose a darker color for the outer corner of your eye. Step 4: Blend the color from the corner of your eye into the lid color, softening out the look. Step 5: GLITTER! Step 6: Add a light color on top of the brow bone to highlight. Step 7: Add your eyeliner and/or mascara. Step 8: More glitter. Sam Bruno Merchandising Intern Content: Photo Credit: Into the Gloss Step 1: Sweep a light colored shadow into the crease of your eye. Any good eye makeup look has to start out with a simple base. You have so many options on what color to start with! If you plan on going for a more simple glitter look, you could go for a light brown or gray. If you wanted a more colorful look, try a light pink or blue! Step 2: Pick another color and use a flat brush to dust the color all over your eyelid. Sigma Brush Nordstrom This color could be anything!
https://faviana.com/blog/apply-glitter-eye-makeup-8-easy-steps
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1665747679#5_2685390479
Title: UPDATED June 2019 -- How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps | Glam & Gowns Blog Headings: UPDATED June 2019 — How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps UPDATED June 2019 — How to Apply Glitter Eye Makeup in 8 Easy Steps Step 1: Sweep a light colored shadow into the crease of your eye. Step 2: Pick another color and use a flat brush to dust the color all over your eyelid. Step 3: Choose a darker color for the outer corner of your eye. Step 4: Blend the color from the corner of your eye into the lid color, softening out the look. Step 5: GLITTER! Step 6: Add a light color on top of the brow bone to highlight. Step 7: Add your eyeliner and/or mascara. Step 8: More glitter. Sam Bruno Merchandising Intern Content: This is super easy! Just make sure you blend enough to get the soft look you want. Photo Credit: Women’s Health Step 5: GLITTER! Once you’re done softening and fully blending out the base to your liking, it’s time for GLITTER! If possible, prep the lid with glitter primer to ensure it stays put. You could also prep with a very light dab of concealer above the base. Step 6: Add a light color on top of the brow bone to highlight.
https://faviana.com/blog/apply-glitter-eye-makeup-8-easy-steps
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1676551657#0_2703563906
Title: Headings: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats Clearing the fog of Facebook The elephant in the room Filling in the gaps Social media missteps The appropriation of Adm. Stavridis’ identity Marine dismissed for Obama-bashing on Facebook Geotagging slip backfires big time Indian, British and Israeli service members leak confidential data online Content: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats By Amber Corrin Aug 14, 2012 For all its benefits and the enjoyment it brings to the people who use it, social media has a dark side. When it comes to military users, one slip — such as an inadvertent mention of a deployment timing or location — can endanger lives. But given its intrinsically open nature and constantly changing boundaries, how can the Defense Department effectively manage social media? Pentagon officials at the highest levels recognize the importance of social media for communicating with the public and collaborating within the department, as well as providing troops access to their loved ones even when they are stationed thousands of miles away. But leaders know they must weigh those advantages against the sensitive security needs inherent to military operations. To strike a balance, DOD officials are focusing on regulating, not restricting, social media use. Currently, DOD’s social media policy is governed by a directive-type memorandum (DTM) from 2010 — a two-page document that superficially outlines the rules and responsibilities those under Pentagon jurisdiction must follow in their use of social media. That policy will change in the coming months as the department prepares to issue more permanent and detailed DOD instructions that will expand the existing guidance. “Because the DTM was the first ever, it was galvanizing for the department to work its way through the potential rules around social media use at DOD,” said Rob Carey, DOD’s deputy CIO. “ As you can imagine, with a very structured, hierarchical organization such as ours, we were dealing with ‘How do I use this thing?’”
https://fcw.com/articles/2012/08/15/feat-inside-dod-social-media-policy.aspx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1676551657#1_2703566297
Title: Headings: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats Clearing the fog of Facebook The elephant in the room Filling in the gaps Social media missteps The appropriation of Adm. Stavridis’ identity Marine dismissed for Obama-bashing on Facebook Geotagging slip backfires big time Indian, British and Israeli service members leak confidential data online Content: To strike a balance, DOD officials are focusing on regulating, not restricting, social media use. Currently, DOD’s social media policy is governed by a directive-type memorandum (DTM) from 2010 — a two-page document that superficially outlines the rules and responsibilities those under Pentagon jurisdiction must follow in their use of social media. That policy will change in the coming months as the department prepares to issue more permanent and detailed DOD instructions that will expand the existing guidance. “Because the DTM was the first ever, it was galvanizing for the department to work its way through the potential rules around social media use at DOD,” said Rob Carey, DOD’s deputy CIO. “ As you can imagine, with a very structured, hierarchical organization such as ours, we were dealing with ‘How do I use this thing?’” The DTM was meant to be a quick set of guidelines governing activities in the social media space. It was set to expire July 15 but will remain in effect until the new policy comes out. Even now, two years after its release, the department is still determining just how to use the still-developing and sometimes unwieldy tool. With a rapidly evolving capability like social media, a hot new trend can catch fire and fizzle within a matter of weeks, so it’s difficult to issue hard-and-fast rules. “The underlying effort of the DTM was to work toward breaking down some of the silos of keeping information together, allowing a broader perspective of options out there and seeing what we could gain,” said Jack Holt, who helped write the DTM while serving as senior strategist for emerging media at DOD;
https://fcw.com/articles/2012/08/15/feat-inside-dod-social-media-policy.aspx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1676551657#4_2703572461
Title: Headings: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats Clearing the fog of Facebook The elephant in the room Filling in the gaps Social media missteps The appropriation of Adm. Stavridis’ identity Marine dismissed for Obama-bashing on Facebook Geotagging slip backfires big time Indian, British and Israeli service members leak confidential data online Content: Both areas will be clarified when DOD unveils the policy in the coming months, but according to Carey, the exact release date is still to be determined. “It’s currently at the legal sufficiency review; the lawyers look at the final version one more time and determine what to address,” Carey said. “ Right now there’s no date set. I can only say to stand by.” Clearing the fog of Facebook Social media has permeated the lives of most Americans, but for the military, it’s a relatively new capability, and rules for its use haven’t always been well understood. One prominent misconception is that the use of dot-mil e-mail addresses on social media is forbidden. That simply isn’t true, Carey said. What matters is how a social media account associated with a dot-mil address is used. The key designation is whether or not someone is officially conducting job-related business.
https://fcw.com/articles/2012/08/15/feat-inside-dod-social-media-policy.aspx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1676551657#8_2703580343
Title: Headings: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats Clearing the fog of Facebook The elephant in the room Filling in the gaps Social media missteps The appropriation of Adm. Stavridis’ identity Marine dismissed for Obama-bashing on Facebook Geotagging slip backfires big time Indian, British and Israeli service members leak confidential data online Content: It’s a new set of applications…and whether I’m in Kabul or Mogadishu or any other place, I need to be able to communicate. [ Existing systems can be] too onerous, difficult, expensive and hard to execute. So what people do is work around using social media. Social media is a big bootlegging operation. It breaks down the structure.” Carey believes that the new policy, combined with existing training and education, are enough to combat much of the threat that social media potentially poses. The two main concerns are cybersecurity and information security, he said. Although social media receives the same cybersecurity treatment as any other form of DOD desktop activity — including perimeter defense, firewalls and other traditional measures — information security hinges on the training and education that are mandatory for all defense personnel, both military and civilian. At the heart of information security is operations security, which in turn might be the pinnacle of social media security concerns. “A lot of social media policies try to address the breadth [of concerns] not to scare people to death but to let them understand this is not the same thing as having a conversation in your living room or over a cup of coffee with a friend,” said Laurie Schive, outreach director at the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
https://fcw.com/articles/2012/08/15/feat-inside-dod-social-media-policy.aspx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1676551657#9_2703582441
Title: Headings: DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats DOD's new policy 'likes' social media, but with caveats Clearing the fog of Facebook The elephant in the room Filling in the gaps Social media missteps The appropriation of Adm. Stavridis’ identity Marine dismissed for Obama-bashing on Facebook Geotagging slip backfires big time Indian, British and Israeli service members leak confidential data online Content: Carey believes that the new policy, combined with existing training and education, are enough to combat much of the threat that social media potentially poses. The two main concerns are cybersecurity and information security, he said. Although social media receives the same cybersecurity treatment as any other form of DOD desktop activity — including perimeter defense, firewalls and other traditional measures — information security hinges on the training and education that are mandatory for all defense personnel, both military and civilian. At the heart of information security is operations security, which in turn might be the pinnacle of social media security concerns. “A lot of social media policies try to address the breadth [of concerns] not to scare people to death but to let them understand this is not the same thing as having a conversation in your living room or over a cup of coffee with a friend,” said Laurie Schive, outreach director at the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. There are plenty of stories about military families inadvertently revealing too much information online about a service member’s location or a geotagged photo getting publicly posted, for example. “It’s just like someone saying it at a crowded bus stop, just the media has changed,” Carey said. “ The problem with the Internet is that it’s viral to those friends. It can be a social media issue, but the first problem is that information shouldn’t have gotten there.” Are the current efforts in training and education enough to counter security worries?
https://fcw.com/articles/2012/08/15/feat-inside-dod-social-media-policy.aspx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_19_1677040995#2_2704609026
Title: 3 Reasons Why I Still Celebrate Christmas - Foundational Headings: 3 Reasons Why I Still Celebrate Christmas 3 Reasons Why I Still Celebrate Christmas Christmas 1973 began to change all of that. I began to softly sing the words with a new meaning. But, I still loved the music and I loved the spirit of Christmas. Why have I not heard that being taught, I wondered? As I continued to dig deeper into the history of celebrating Christmas, I made an important discovery. 3 Reasons Why I Celebrate Christmas More Articles Like This: Content: I did not always love to celebrate Christmas because of some very negative memories of the Christmas holiday, as a child. Promises not kept; alcohol abuse and angry arguments fill much of my Christmas memories from childhood. So when decorations went up and the carols started playing in the stores I became depressed. Christmas 1973 began to change all of that. Wanda and I been married three years, our first child was ten months old. Walking through a shopping mall with carols playing I was in a cloudy mood. Suddenly the music and the words broke through my negative thoughts. Silent night, holy night! Shepherds quake at the sight.
https://fdeanhackett.com/3-reasons-celebrate-christmas/