id
stringlengths 33
45
| content
stringlengths 95
98.7k
| url
stringlengths 18
263
|
|---|---|---|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_522940566#0_752610535
|
Title:
Headings: How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
STEP 2: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE!
BUTTERMILK RECIPES
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A LOW-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A RICH-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ANOTHER BUTTERMILK RECIPE
Videos on How to Make Cultured Buttermilk and Buttermilk Recipes
How to Make Cultured Buttermilk
Buttermilk Recipe Books
Did you find this page helpful?
Follow Us and Keep Up to Date
Don't miss out on our latest news and articles. Sign up for our free monthly e-zine!
Content: How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
How to make buttermilk with easy instructions and some recipes a delicious, homemade product. Buttermilk is a by-product that you get when learning how to make butter. However, when you examine it carefully, it is nowhere near the thick white buttermilk that you can buy from the local store. This is because this has had a culture added to it, and it is much thicker than what is left behind after making butter. However, once you start making your own buttermilk at home, you will realize that what you have made is nothing like the store-bought product either! Instead you will have a far better product that is rich in taste and far superior to what you can buy. STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
Take your whole milk out that you have bought from the store, or, if you are lucky enough, your own raw milk, and let it sit on the counter in your kitchen for an hour or two. This will bring the milk to room temperature, before the next stage. STEP 2:
|
http://www.countryfarm-lifestyles.com/how-to-make-buttermilk.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_522940566#1_752612543
|
Title:
Headings: How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
STEP 2: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE!
BUTTERMILK RECIPES
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A LOW-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A RICH-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ANOTHER BUTTERMILK RECIPE
Videos on How to Make Cultured Buttermilk and Buttermilk Recipes
How to Make Cultured Buttermilk
Buttermilk Recipe Books
Did you find this page helpful?
Follow Us and Keep Up to Date
Don't miss out on our latest news and articles. Sign up for our free monthly e-zine!
Content: Instead you will have a far better product that is rich in taste and far superior to what you can buy. STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
Take your whole milk out that you have bought from the store, or, if you are lucky enough, your own raw milk, and let it sit on the counter in your kitchen for an hour or two. This will bring the milk to room temperature, before the next stage. STEP 2: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
Take 1 cup of the milk and add either 1 tablespoon of lemon juice, or 1 tablespoon of white vinegar, or 2 tablespoons cream of tarter. Stir through well and leave for 15 minutes or so, until the milk starts to curdle. STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE! Either use straightaway, stirring before drinking, or bottle and place in the fridge.
|
http://www.countryfarm-lifestyles.com/how-to-make-buttermilk.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_522940566#2_752614330
|
Title:
Headings: How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
STEP 2: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE!
BUTTERMILK RECIPES
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A LOW-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A RICH-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ANOTHER BUTTERMILK RECIPE
Videos on How to Make Cultured Buttermilk and Buttermilk Recipes
How to Make Cultured Buttermilk
Buttermilk Recipe Books
Did you find this page helpful?
Follow Us and Keep Up to Date
Don't miss out on our latest news and articles. Sign up for our free monthly e-zine!
Content: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
Take 1 cup of the milk and add either 1 tablespoon of lemon juice, or 1 tablespoon of white vinegar, or 2 tablespoons cream of tarter. Stir through well and leave for 15 minutes or so, until the milk starts to curdle. STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE! Either use straightaway, stirring before drinking, or bottle and place in the fridge. Your buttermilk will keep for a week. BUTTERMILK RECIPES
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A LOW-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
If you are looking for a non-fat buttermilk recipe you can use non-fat or low-fat milk instead. Take 1 cup of non-fat or low-fat milk. Heat the milk gently over the stove in a pan until the milk is warm and bubbles appear on the edges of the milk. Don't allow the milk to get that hot that it reaches boiling point.
|
http://www.countryfarm-lifestyles.com/how-to-make-buttermilk.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_522940566#4_752617960
|
Title:
Headings: How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
How to Make Buttermilk at Home with Instructions and Recipes
STEP 1: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BRING MILK TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
STEP 2: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ADD THE CULTURE
STEP 3: HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - BOTTLE AND REFRIGERATE!
BUTTERMILK RECIPES
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A LOW-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A RICH-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ANOTHER BUTTERMILK RECIPE
Videos on How to Make Cultured Buttermilk and Buttermilk Recipes
How to Make Cultured Buttermilk
Buttermilk Recipe Books
Did you find this page helpful?
Follow Us and Keep Up to Date
Don't miss out on our latest news and articles. Sign up for our free monthly e-zine!
Content: Stir in 3 tablespoons of cultured buttermilk. Stir through and cover with a clean tea towel. Leave overnight at room temperature, or for at least 12 hours. Bottle and refrigerate for up to 2 weeks. HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - A RICH-FAT BUTTERMILK RECIPE
If you don't have to watch the calories, another way of making buttermilk is to take raw, whole milk and allow it to clabber by leaving it to ripen at room temperature for a couple of days. Once it has clabbered, beat it thoroughly with an egg beater. HOW TO MAKE BUTTERMILK - ANOTHER BUTTERMILK RECIPE
Take 1 cup of raw, whole milk and bring to room temperature and allow to sit on the counter for a couple of days until it has clabbered. Take 1/4 cup of this clabbered milk and add 1 cup of fresh milk. Stir vigorously in a bowl, and allow to sit again until this mixture begins to clabber. Repeat this process again and again, removing 1/4 cup of clabbered milk and mixing it with 1 cup of fresh milk until your milk starts to clabber within 24 hours.
|
http://www.countryfarm-lifestyles.com/how-to-make-buttermilk.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_535243253#13_774461133
|
Title: Chapter 13 - The Bureaucracy | CourseNotes
Headings: Chapter 13 - The Bureaucracy
Chapter 13 - The Bureaucracy
Need Help?
Content: Though the number of direct workers has stayed about the same, there may be as many as four people working indirectly for the government for every one person who works directly. The power of the bureaucracy can be determined by the amount of discretionary authority (the ability to act and make policies not spelled out by the law) given to appointed officials. By this measure, the federal bureaucracy has grown enormously. Congress has delegated authority to administrative agencies in three main areas: paying subsidies to particular groups (farmers, schools, hospitals, etc.). transferring money from the federal to the state and local governments (e.g. grant-in-aid programs). devising and enforcing regulations for various sectors of society and the economy. Administrative functions operate at all levels of independence, some closely scrutinized, others barely monitored. Today, many agencies have a heck of a lot of power they didn’t before. They could probably decide how much sugar is put into peppermints (an exaggeration, but not by much.).
|
http://www.course-notes.org/US_Gov_and_Politics/Outlines/American_Government_7th_Edition_Textbook/Chapter_13_The_Bureaucracy
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_538528880#10_779194578
|
Title: Foreclosure - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Headings: Foreclosure
Foreclosure
What is a foreclosure?
Types of foreclosures
Foreclosure Process
Stopping the foreclosure sale
After the foreclosure
Rights of Tenants During a Foreclosure
Help for tenants during a foreclosure
More Information About Foreclosure
Content: the property address; the trustee’s name, address, and phone number; and a statement that the property will be sold at a public auction. At least 21days after the date when the Notice of Sale is recorded the property can be sold at a public auction. The successful bidder must pay the full amount of the bid immediately with cash or a cashier’s check. The successful bidder gets a trustee’s deed once the sale is complete. The lender usually bids at the auction, in the amount of the balance due plus the foreclosure costs. If no one else bids, your home goes to the lender. Note: Before the foreclosure process begins, the lender or loan servicer may send you letters (over the course of several months) demanding payment.
|
http://www.courts.ca.gov/1048.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_538528880#13_779198705
|
Title: Foreclosure - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Headings: Foreclosure
Foreclosure
What is a foreclosure?
Types of foreclosures
Foreclosure Process
Stopping the foreclosure sale
After the foreclosure
Rights of Tenants During a Foreclosure
Help for tenants during a foreclosure
More Information About Foreclosure
Content: After the foreclosure
Whoever buys your home at the foreclosure sale/auction cannot just change the locks to the home. The new owner must serve you with a 3-day written notice to “quit” (move out) and, if you do NOT move out in the 3 days, go through the formal eviction process in court in order to get possession of the home. That process typically takes several weeks. Learn more about the eviction process. Rights of Tenants During a Foreclosure
If there are tenants in the house that was foreclosed on, the new owner must honor the existing lease. BUT when the tenants have a month-to-month lease or the owner/landlord also lives in the home that is being foreclosed on, the new owner can evict the tenants or former owner/landlord. In these cases, the new owner may either (1) offer the existing tenants a new lease or rental agreement or (2) begin eviction proceedings. If the new owner chooses to evict existing tenants (other than the former owner), the new owner must give the tenants at least 90 days’ notice before starting eviction proceedings. There are other rights that tenants have in eviction cases done after a foreclosure. If a tenant is not named in the complaint for the eviction, he or she may be able to challenge the eviction at any time during the case or even after the judgment for eviction is made.
|
http://www.courts.ca.gov/1048.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_539561218#0_781307592
|
Title: Foreclosure FAQs - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Headings: Foreclosure FAQs
Foreclosure FAQs
Print Español
Q: The place I rent is in foreclosure. Will I be able to stay?
Q: How can I find out if the place I rent is in foreclosure and what is happening with the foreclosure?
Q: What happens after my home is sold at the foreclosure sale?
Q: What happens to my tenants in the foreclosure?
Q: What is a “power-of-sale” clause?
Q: What is a “deficiency judgment”?
Q: Where can I get more information about foreclosure?
Content: Foreclosure FAQs - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Foreclosure FAQs
Topics
Eviction & Housing
Eviction
Foreclosure
Foreclosure FAQs
Security Deposits
FAQs
Print Español
Q: The place I rent is in foreclosure. Will I be able to stay? A: If you are a tenant and the property you rent goes into foreclosure, the new owner must honor the existing lease. BUT when you have a month-to-month lease, or when the people occupying the property are the owners who are being foreclosed on, the new owner can evict the tenants or former owners. In these cases, the new owner may either (1) offer the existing tenants a new lease agreement or (2) begin eviction proceedings. If the new owner chooses to evict existing tenants, the new owner must give them at least 90 days’ notice before starting eviction proceedings. Tenants in some California cities may still have a right to stay in their buildings. Cities with eviction or rent control laws prohibit new owners from using foreclosure as a reason for evicting tenants.
|
http://www.courts.ca.gov/1292.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_539561218#4_781314103
|
Title: Foreclosure FAQs - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Headings: Foreclosure FAQs
Foreclosure FAQs
Print Español
Q: The place I rent is in foreclosure. Will I be able to stay?
Q: How can I find out if the place I rent is in foreclosure and what is happening with the foreclosure?
Q: What happens after my home is sold at the foreclosure sale?
Q: What happens to my tenants in the foreclosure?
Q: What is a “power-of-sale” clause?
Q: What is a “deficiency judgment”?
Q: Where can I get more information about foreclosure?
Content: A: Tenants can record, in their county recorder’s office, a form called a Request for Notice, asking that they be notified of any foreclosure proceedings. This way the tenant will receive a copy of the Notice of Default and Notice of Sale and know the status of the foreclosure. You can buy a Request for Notice at stores that sell legal forms or get 1 from the customer service department of a title company. Q: What happens after my home is sold at the foreclosure sale? A: Whoever buys your home cannot just change the locks to the home. The new owner must serve you with a 3-day written notice to “quit” (move out), and then must take you through the formal eviction process in court in order to get possession of the home. That process typically takes several weeks.
|
http://www.courts.ca.gov/1292.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_539561218#5_781315608
|
Title: Foreclosure FAQs - foreclosure_housing_selfhelp
Headings: Foreclosure FAQs
Foreclosure FAQs
Print Español
Q: The place I rent is in foreclosure. Will I be able to stay?
Q: How can I find out if the place I rent is in foreclosure and what is happening with the foreclosure?
Q: What happens after my home is sold at the foreclosure sale?
Q: What happens to my tenants in the foreclosure?
Q: What is a “power-of-sale” clause?
Q: What is a “deficiency judgment”?
Q: Where can I get more information about foreclosure?
Content: What happens after my home is sold at the foreclosure sale? A: Whoever buys your home cannot just change the locks to the home. The new owner must serve you with a 3-day written notice to “quit” (move out), and then must take you through the formal eviction process in court in order to get possession of the home. That process typically takes several weeks. Click to learn more about the eviction process. Q: What happens to my tenants in the foreclosure? A: It depends.
|
http://www.courts.ca.gov/1292.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_542834998#12_786974236
|
Title: Housing Cases | Maryland Courts
Headings: Housing Cases
Housing Cases
Rent Court | Eviction | Foreclosure
Landlord/Tenant
Free Online Classes
Facing Eviction for Failure to Pay Rent?
Filing a Failure to Pay Rent Case?
What is housing court like?
Issues for Tenants
I have been served with papers by my landlord. What do I do next?
I am living in a property with housing violations, what can I do?
What happens in court?
How can I get my security deposit back?
Issues for Landlords
My tenant stopped paying rent, what can I do?
How do I evict a tenant?
Foreclosure
What is the foreclosure process like?
What can I do to prevent the foreclosure?
What If I Cannot Afford the $50 Mediation Filing Fee?
I’m renting a house that is being foreclosed on. What’s going to happen?
Content: If the court issues a judgment for possession, you may be evicted. In Failure to Pay Rent cases only, you can avoid eviction if you pay the amount the court decided was due, plus court costs, before the eviction takes place. EXCEPTION: If you have had three (3) judgments of possession against you (or four (4) in Baltimore City) during the past 12 months before the current suit, a landlord may ask the court to deny your right to redeem the property. If the judge grants the landlord’s request, you may be evicted even if you pay the rent due. Payments to the landlord must be in cash, certified check or money order. The landlord cannot evict you on a Sunday or holiday. The sheriff or constable must be present during the eviction. The landlord does not have to notify you when the eviction will take place. Once your property is removed from the premises, you are responsible for its safety.
|
http://www.courts.state.md.us/legalhelp/housing.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_542834998#13_786976129
|
Title: Housing Cases | Maryland Courts
Headings: Housing Cases
Housing Cases
Rent Court | Eviction | Foreclosure
Landlord/Tenant
Free Online Classes
Facing Eviction for Failure to Pay Rent?
Filing a Failure to Pay Rent Case?
What is housing court like?
Issues for Tenants
I have been served with papers by my landlord. What do I do next?
I am living in a property with housing violations, what can I do?
What happens in court?
How can I get my security deposit back?
Issues for Landlords
My tenant stopped paying rent, what can I do?
How do I evict a tenant?
Foreclosure
What is the foreclosure process like?
What can I do to prevent the foreclosure?
What If I Cannot Afford the $50 Mediation Filing Fee?
I’m renting a house that is being foreclosed on. What’s going to happen?
Content: Payments to the landlord must be in cash, certified check or money order. The landlord cannot evict you on a Sunday or holiday. The sheriff or constable must be present during the eviction. The landlord does not have to notify you when the eviction will take place. Once your property is removed from the premises, you are responsible for its safety. I am living in a property with housing violations, what can I do? What action? When a tenant lives in a property with certain defects or conditions (usually housing code violations), the tenant can file a rent escrow action in District Court. What do I need to do first? Notify the landlord about the property’s defects or conditions, and request that the landlord make necessary repairs or correct the conditions.
|
http://www.courts.state.md.us/legalhelp/housing.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_549480973#19_792444600
|
Title:
Headings:
Content: Nothing that she deems shameful. And when she encircles her neck with green emeralds and fastens huge pearls to her elongated ears, so important is the business of beautification. So numerous are the tiers and stories piled one another on her head that she pays no attention to her own husband.” Similarly, the philosopher Philo gives a description of a prostitute in his writing called “The Sacrifices of Cain and Abel”: “A prostitute is often described as having hair dressed in elaborate braids, her eyes with pencil lines, her eyebrows smothered in paint and her expensive clothes embroidered lavishly with flowers and bracelets and necklaces of gold and jewels hanging all over her.” Paul’s description of immodest dress conjured a picture of someone preoccupied with appearance, fashion, luxury, and sexual prowess. Similarly, modern modesty standards are not about arbitrary rules of how much skin is shown or how low-cut something is, but about the messages and values our clothing communicates. Related: The Sex Buffet (How Availability Changes the Way Culture Views Women)
6. Modesty is about true freedom, not repression.
|
http://www.covenanteyes.com/2013/08/16/biblical-definition-of-modesty/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_549480973#20_792445989
|
Title:
Headings:
Content: Paul’s description of immodest dress conjured a picture of someone preoccupied with appearance, fashion, luxury, and sexual prowess. Similarly, modern modesty standards are not about arbitrary rules of how much skin is shown or how low-cut something is, but about the messages and values our clothing communicates. Related: The Sex Buffet (How Availability Changes the Way Culture Views Women)
6. Modesty is about true freedom, not repression. More often than not, modesty standards are seen as repressive, arbitrary rules that restrict a woman’s creativity and freedom. But when modesty is motivated from the heart, the exact opposite is true. Paul says women should adorn themselves in respectable apparel with “self-control.” This might be better understood as “self-mastery,” being of sound mind or sober, being in control of one’s impulses and appetites. In extra-biblical literature, this word has sexual nuances:
|
http://www.covenanteyes.com/2013/08/16/biblical-definition-of-modesty/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_553095450#1_799689565
|
Title: The causes of poverty | CPAG
Headings: The causes of poverty
The causes of poverty
Low pay
Worklessness
High costs and inadequate benefits
Content: Many low-paid jobs offer no opportunities to progress to better work and better wages. Others are insecure, with unpredictable hours and incomes. Between 1975 and 2014, the real hourly wages of middle-income full-time employees doubled. The best paid saw their real wages rise by up to 189 per cent, while wages below the middle typically rose by only about 80 per cent. The wage difference is even wider for part-time workers. Worklessness
Since 2006, there has been a 60 per cent rise in the number of people moving repeatedly between work and unemployment. 68 per cent of children in families with no working adults are in poverty. People who are not working overwhelmingly want to work, but face barriers to employment. Principally these are ill-health and childcare, but also caring responsibilities for family members. High costs and inadequate benefits
In-work benefits, such as universal credit, are currently insufficient to overcome these labour market challenges and keep people out of poverty.
|
http://www.cpag.org.uk/content/what-causes-poverty
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_558478727#0_810448278
|
Title: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Headings: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
Popular Stories
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences?
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside?
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
Latest Stories
WATCH LIVE: Polis To Deliver Update On Colorado’s Coronavirus Response, Vaccinations
‘How Do You Get To The End Of The Year?’: Teachers Gear Up For The Final Push Even After This Pandemic Year Took A Massive Mental Health Toll
Government and Politics
Effort To Pursue Assault-Style Weapons Ban Lacks Key Allies At The Colorado Capitol
Government and Politics
RTD Needs Reform, Not More State Money, Says Polis
Content: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
By Jenny Brundin
July 25, 2014
(Photo: Courtesy of U.S. Department of Education) A new report shows mid- and late-career teacher base salaries are so “painfully” low, many full-time teachers qualify for federal assistance. The average base salary for Colorado teachers with a bachelor’s degree and 10 years of experience is $36,700, according the report from the Center for American Progress, a research organization. The national average salary is $44,900. Salaries range from a low of $35,200 in Missouri and Montana and a high of $67,700 in Rhode Island. The figures don’t include pension contributions and haven’t been adjusted for cost of living. Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
The report found Colorado teachers with a graduate degree and 10 years of experience make less than a trucker. In fact, those same teachers who are the family’s breadwinners qualify for seven federal assistant programs designed for low-income families, such as the School Breakfast and Lunch program. “That’s not really the type of incomes that are going to attract the best and brightest into the profession,” said research fellow Ulrich Boser.
|
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/colorado-teachers-struggle-low-salaries-report-shows
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_558478727#1_810450916
|
Title: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Headings: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
Popular Stories
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences?
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside?
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
Latest Stories
WATCH LIVE: Polis To Deliver Update On Colorado’s Coronavirus Response, Vaccinations
‘How Do You Get To The End Of The Year?’: Teachers Gear Up For The Final Push Even After This Pandemic Year Took A Massive Mental Health Toll
Government and Politics
Effort To Pursue Assault-Style Weapons Ban Lacks Key Allies At The Colorado Capitol
Government and Politics
RTD Needs Reform, Not More State Money, Says Polis
Content: The figures don’t include pension contributions and haven’t been adjusted for cost of living. Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
The report found Colorado teachers with a graduate degree and 10 years of experience make less than a trucker. In fact, those same teachers who are the family’s breadwinners qualify for seven federal assistant programs designed for low-income families, such as the School Breakfast and Lunch program. “That’s not really the type of incomes that are going to attract the best and brightest into the profession,” said research fellow Ulrich Boser. One in five Colorado teachers take a job outside of teaching to make ends meet – one of the highest rates in the country. In 11 states, more than 20 percent of teachers rely on the financial support of a second job. “That could be anything from coaching, waitressing, selling Amway projects,” Boser said. The report found that mid- and late-career teachers don’t have much of an opportunity to grow their salaries. Nationally, the average starting salary for an elementary school teacher is $37,595.
|
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/colorado-teachers-struggle-low-salaries-report-shows
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_558478727#2_810453357
|
Title: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Headings: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
Popular Stories
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences?
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside?
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
Latest Stories
WATCH LIVE: Polis To Deliver Update On Colorado’s Coronavirus Response, Vaccinations
‘How Do You Get To The End Of The Year?’: Teachers Gear Up For The Final Push Even After This Pandemic Year Took A Massive Mental Health Toll
Government and Politics
Effort To Pursue Assault-Style Weapons Ban Lacks Key Allies At The Colorado Capitol
Government and Politics
RTD Needs Reform, Not More State Money, Says Polis
Content: One in five Colorado teachers take a job outside of teaching to make ends meet – one of the highest rates in the country. In 11 states, more than 20 percent of teachers rely on the financial support of a second job. “That could be anything from coaching, waitressing, selling Amway projects,” Boser said. The report found that mid- and late-career teachers don’t have much of an opportunity to grow their salaries. Nationally, the average starting salary for an elementary school teacher is $37,595. By mid-career, that teacher’s pay is $46,130 – growing on average 25 percent. That lags behind other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). On average, salaries increase by 32 percent over the first 15 years of teaching. The report notes that in Canada, teachers’ average salary start at slightly less than in the U.S. But they quickly move up, with the average mid-career Canadian teacher earning $56,349 per year—about $10,000 more than his or her American counterpart. The report says there is good news in the U.S. It details some places -- including the District of Columbia;
|
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/colorado-teachers-struggle-low-salaries-report-shows
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_558478727#3_810455825
|
Title: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Headings: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
Popular Stories
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences?
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside?
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
Latest Stories
WATCH LIVE: Polis To Deliver Update On Colorado’s Coronavirus Response, Vaccinations
‘How Do You Get To The End Of The Year?’: Teachers Gear Up For The Final Push Even After This Pandemic Year Took A Massive Mental Health Toll
Government and Politics
Effort To Pursue Assault-Style Weapons Ban Lacks Key Allies At The Colorado Capitol
Government and Politics
RTD Needs Reform, Not More State Money, Says Polis
Content: By mid-career, that teacher’s pay is $46,130 – growing on average 25 percent. That lags behind other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). On average, salaries increase by 32 percent over the first 15 years of teaching. The report notes that in Canada, teachers’ average salary start at slightly less than in the U.S. But they quickly move up, with the average mid-career Canadian teacher earning $56,349 per year—about $10,000 more than his or her American counterpart. The report says there is good news in the U.S. It details some places -- including the District of Columbia; Portland, Maine; and Baltimore, Maryland -- that have implemented innovative compensation systems to keep teachers in the classroom. CPR thanks our sponsors. Become a sponsor
Popular Stories
Government and Politics
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws:
|
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/colorado-teachers-struggle-low-salaries-report-shows
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_558478727#4_810458025
|
Title: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows | Colorado Public Radio
Headings: Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Colorado teachers struggle with low salaries, report shows
Map: Mid-career teacher salaries in the U.S.
Popular Stories
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences?
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside?
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
Latest Stories
WATCH LIVE: Polis To Deliver Update On Colorado’s Coronavirus Response, Vaccinations
‘How Do You Get To The End Of The Year?’: Teachers Gear Up For The Final Push Even After This Pandemic Year Took A Massive Mental Health Toll
Government and Politics
Effort To Pursue Assault-Style Weapons Ban Lacks Key Allies At The Colorado Capitol
Government and Politics
RTD Needs Reform, Not More State Money, Says Polis
Content: Portland, Maine; and Baltimore, Maryland -- that have implemented innovative compensation systems to keep teachers in the classroom. CPR thanks our sponsors. Become a sponsor
Popular Stories
Government and Politics
Colorado Vs. Georgia Voting Laws: What Are The Differences? Justice
Boulder Shooting Prosecutors And Defense Attorneys Spar Over Pre-Trial Publicity
Climate Change
Growing Cannabis Indoors Has A Big Climate Impact. So Why Doesn’t The Industry Go Outside? News
The Firearm The Accused Boulder Shooter Bought Looks Like A Rifle, But It’s Regulated Like A Pistol
Your contact info
A reporter will contact you if we look into your question. Sign me up for The Lookout newsletter!
|
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/colorado-teachers-struggle-low-salaries-report-shows
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_569060745#2_829630356
|
Title: Anatomy & Physiology chapter 11 Physiology of the Muscle Flashcards - Cram.com
Headings: Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 11 Physiology Of The Muscle
Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 11 Physiology Of The Muscle
Card Range To Study
32 Cards in this Set
Content: H to show hint; A reads text to speech; Share
Print
Export
Clone
32 Cards in this Set
Front
Back
What are the three major functions of the skeletal muscles? (a) endomysium, (b) perimysium, (c) epimysium
Name some features of the muscle cell that are not found in other types of cells
Excitability, contractibility, and extensibility
What causes the striations observed in skeletal muscle fibers? The striations r a result of the A bands of sarcomeres appearing as relatively wide, dark stripes under the microscope, which alternate with narrower, lighter colored stripes formed by the I bands
Why is the triad relationship between T tubules and the SR important
The triad allows an electrical impulse traveling along a T tubule to stimulate the membranes of adjacent sacs of the SR
Describe the structure of thin and thick myofilaments, and name the kinds of proteins that compose them
Thin filament (actin, troponin,& tropomyosin): molecules strung 2gether like beads 2 form 2 fibrous strands that twist around each other. Describe the structure of thin and thick myofilaments, and name the kinds of proteins that compose them
Thick filament (myosin): shaped like golf clubs,w/ their long shafts bundled together 2 form a thick filament & their “heads” sticking out from the bundle
What is the role of calcium ions (Ca++) in muscle contraction? Calcium ions released from the SR bind to troponin in the thin filament allow tropomyosin 2 shift frm its position blcking the active sites of actin molecules, thus initiating the chemical reactions that produce contractions
Where does the energy stored in ATP come from? Catabolism of foods
What is the role of myoglobin in muscle fibers?
|
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-physiology-chapter-11-physiology-of-the-muscle-492105
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_580919130#11_845884532
|
Title: Creation Science Association of British Columbia – Communicating the scientific as well as biblical evidence which supports creation and contradicts evolution
Headings:
Interested in Creation Science?
Guest Speakers & Events
The Harm of Darwinism to Science, the Church, Morals, and Society with Dr Jerry Bergman
The Neanderthals: An evolutionary link or our brothers? with Dr Jerry Bergman
Articles
Listing of All Articles
Recent Events Now Online
A Compelling Perspective on Our Mental Processes versus Our Physical Brain
Analyzing major geologic features around you
Use the coronavirus disease as a platform to share creation
Neo-catastrophism in Modern Secular Geology
Our Mission
Creation Science Quotes
Content: These views do not have to be relegated to comparative religion classes. Teachers do not have to ‘teach’ the views of the students — the students present their views. In what class other than biology are one-half or more of the students prevented from speaking their minds?” — William Provine, historian of evolutionary biology, Cornell University (“ Teaching About Evolution and The Nature of Science [National Academy of Sciences]: A Review.” < http://web.archive.org/web/20040709130607/fp.bio.utk.edu/darwin/NAS_guidebook/provine_1.html >). ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN SCHOOL
“Evolution has been observed. It’s just that it hasn’t been observed while it’s happening.” — Richard Dawkins, zoologist; world’s leading spokesman for evolution and atheism (interview with Bill Moyers, “Now,” PBS Network, Dec. 3, 2004 < http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript349_full.html >).
|
http://www.creationbc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=62
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_584160418#16_851859001
|
Title: A Complete History of Communication | Creative Displays Now
Headings: History of Communication from Cave Drawings to the Web
History of Communication from Cave Drawings to the Web
Content: Telephone
Today we take the ability to use a telephone for granted, but in 1876, Alexander Bell was busy realizing a dream that he hoped would once again revolutionize communication. Like all inventors, Bell was perpetually curious and always on the lookout for empirical evidence of the new and interesting. Bell observed that sound vibrations could be transmitted through the air, and received at the same pitch in another room. Bell wanted to transfer sound and pitch across a wire, and ascertained that this would be possible by reproducing sound waves in a continuous, undulating current. Once proving this theory, Bell realized the same concept could be applied to human speech as it is composed of many complex sound vibrations. A few trial and errors later, and the modern telephone was born. Given our reliance on telephones today, it is surprising to know that Bell’s invention was initially quite unpopular. The telephone did not generate nearly as much excitement as the telegraph had a few decades earlier. This may have been due to the fact that Americans love novelty, and Bell’s concept was not entirely new. The telegraph had cornered the long-distance contact market.
|
http://www.creativedisplaysnow.com/articles/history-of-communication-from-cave-drawings-to-the-web/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_584160418#17_851860614
|
Title: A Complete History of Communication | Creative Displays Now
Headings: History of Communication from Cave Drawings to the Web
History of Communication from Cave Drawings to the Web
Content: A few trial and errors later, and the modern telephone was born. Given our reliance on telephones today, it is surprising to know that Bell’s invention was initially quite unpopular. The telephone did not generate nearly as much excitement as the telegraph had a few decades earlier. This may have been due to the fact that Americans love novelty, and Bell’s concept was not entirely new. The telegraph had cornered the long-distance contact market. The lack of popularity may also be attributed to the cost of telephone service. Most original telephone service subscribers were corporations as a year of service cost $72. Residential service cost a family approximately $60 per year. In the 1800’s, this was a substantial sum of money to be spent on an unnecessary device. Bell’s Telephone:
|
http://www.creativedisplaysnow.com/articles/history-of-communication-from-cave-drawings-to-the-web/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_586092564#6_855606992
|
Title: Westpac Low Rate Credit Card - Review | Finder
Headings: Westpac Low Rate Credit Card
Card Types
Cards From
Westpac Low Rate Credit Card
Save with a $0 annual fee for the first year and pay off existing credit card debt with 0% for 28 months on balance transfers.
Find out more Go to site
Details
Sally McMullen
Ask an expert
To ask a question simply log in via your email or create an account.
Content: interest rate on purchases
Cons
Balance transfer reverts to the high cash advance rate of 21.49% p.a. after the introductory period
Charges a one-time 1% balance transfer fee
Bonus points
N/A
Annual fee
$0 annual fee for the first year ($59 p.a. thereafter)
Minimum monthly repayment
2% of the closing balance or $10, whichever is greater
Late payment fee
$15
Foreign currency conversion fee
3%
Cash advance fee
2% or $2.50, whichever is greater
Overseas cash advance fee
2%
Additional cardholder fee
$0
Number of additional cardholders
1
Go to Westpac's site More info
Review by
Sally McMullen
[email protected]
Sally McMullen is a creative content producer at Finder. Sally has written about credit cards for almost 5 years, authoring almost 900 articles on Finder alone. She has also been published in Yahoo Finance, Dynamic Business, Financy and Mamamia, as well as Music Feeds and Rolling Stone. Sally has a Bachelor of Communication and Media Studies majoring in Journalism (Hons) from the University of Wollongong. How to apply
You can apply for the Westpac Low Rate credit card online in 10 minutes and receive a response in 60 seconds. Check that you meet the eligibility criteria and have the necessary information to complete the application first. Eligibility criteria
Eligible balance transfer debt. If you plan to take advantage of the balance transfer offer, you can transfer from $200 up to 80% of your available credit limit from up to 3 non-Westpac Australian issued credit, charge or store cards.
|
http://www.creditcardfinder.com.au/westpac-low-rate-credit-card.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_586092564#7_855609156
|
Title: Westpac Low Rate Credit Card - Review | Finder
Headings: Westpac Low Rate Credit Card
Card Types
Cards From
Westpac Low Rate Credit Card
Save with a $0 annual fee for the first year and pay off existing credit card debt with 0% for 28 months on balance transfers.
Find out more Go to site
Details
Sally McMullen
Ask an expert
To ask a question simply log in via your email or create an account.
Content: Sally has a Bachelor of Communication and Media Studies majoring in Journalism (Hons) from the University of Wollongong. How to apply
You can apply for the Westpac Low Rate credit card online in 10 minutes and receive a response in 60 seconds. Check that you meet the eligibility criteria and have the necessary information to complete the application first. Eligibility criteria
Eligible balance transfer debt. If you plan to take advantage of the balance transfer offer, you can transfer from $200 up to 80% of your available credit limit from up to 3 non-Westpac Australian issued credit, charge or store cards. Cardholder status. In order to be eligible for the $0 first year annual fee and balance transfer offers, you must be a new Westpac Low Rate cardholder. Age. You must be at least 18 years of age to apply. Residency.
|
http://www.creditcardfinder.com.au/westpac-low-rate-credit-card.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593034728#0_869314168
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
The Patriot Act and Privacy
The Debate Over the Patriot Act
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Patriot Act Background
Critics of the Patriot Act
Defenders of the Patriot Act
More Links
A C T I V I T Y
National Security and Freedom
Content: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
Soon after September 11, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft brought before Congress a list of recommended changes in the law to combat terrorism. Some of these measures had long been opposed by members of Congress as infringing on the rights of Americans. But September 11 had swept away all previous objections. The U.S. Senate quickly passed the USA PATRIOT ACT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). Only one senator, Russell Feingold (D-Wis.), voted against it. The next day, the House of Representatives passed the bill 357-66. The final bill was 342 pages long and changed more than 15 existing laws. Most of the Justice Department's recommendations were incorporated into it, but several provisions will expire in 2005.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-4-a-the-patriot-act-what-is-the-proper-balance-between-national-security-and-individual-rig
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593034728#1_869315817
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
The Patriot Act and Privacy
The Debate Over the Patriot Act
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Patriot Act Background
Critics of the Patriot Act
Defenders of the Patriot Act
More Links
A C T I V I T Y
National Security and Freedom
Content: Only one senator, Russell Feingold (D-Wis.), voted against it. The next day, the House of Representatives passed the bill 357-66. The final bill was 342 pages long and changed more than 15 existing laws. Most of the Justice Department's recommendations were incorporated into it, but several provisions will expire in 2005. On October 26, President George W. Bush signed the Patriot Act into law. He praised the "new tools to fight the present danger . . . a threat like no other our Nation has ever faced." He also asserted that the Patriot Act "upholds and respects the civil liberties guaranteed by our Constitution." The Patriot Act defines "domestic terrorism" as activities within the United States that . . .
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-4-a-the-patriot-act-what-is-the-proper-balance-between-national-security-and-individual-rig
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593034728#12_869336238
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
The Patriot Act and Privacy
The Debate Over the Patriot Act
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Patriot Act Background
Critics of the Patriot Act
Defenders of the Patriot Act
More Links
A C T I V I T Y
National Security and Freedom
Content: have introduced the Rights of Individuals Act. This is a comprehensive bill, addressing a number of issues related to the Patriot Act. One part of the Murkowski-Wyden bill would limit "sneak and peek" searches. Those whose homes or offices had been searched under "sneak and peek" would have to be notified within seven calendar days. Attorney General Ashcroft and other Americans defend the Patriot Act. " We are at war," Ashcroft says, "and we have to do things differently than we did before." He points out that the only purpose of the Patriot Act is "to prevent terrorists from unleashing more death and destruction." Ashcroft also argues that the courts and Congress still safeguard the constitutional rights of Americans. Public opinion has consistently supported the Patriot Act. An August 2003 Gallup Poll asked whether the Patriot Act goes too far, is about right, or doesn't go far enough in restricting people's civil liberties.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-4-a-the-patriot-act-what-is-the-proper-balance-between-national-security-and-individual-rig
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593034728#13_869337895
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
The Patriot Act and Privacy
The Debate Over the Patriot Act
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Patriot Act Background
Critics of the Patriot Act
Defenders of the Patriot Act
More Links
A C T I V I T Y
National Security and Freedom
Content: We are at war," Ashcroft says, "and we have to do things differently than we did before." He points out that the only purpose of the Patriot Act is "to prevent terrorists from unleashing more death and destruction." Ashcroft also argues that the courts and Congress still safeguard the constitutional rights of Americans. Public opinion has consistently supported the Patriot Act. An August 2003 Gallup Poll asked whether the Patriot Act goes too far, is about right, or doesn't go far enough in restricting people's civil liberties. Only 22 percent responded that it goes too far. Forty-eight percent said it is about right, and 21 percent answered that it does not go far enough. In June 2003, the attorney general called for another law to further strengthen the powers of law enforcement to fight terrorists. Called "Patriot Act II" by critics, the proposed new law would, among other things, enable the government to ask a court to revoke the citizenship of any American who provides "material support" to terrorists. The courts are just beginning to review the constitutionality of the Patriot Act.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-4-a-the-patriot-act-what-is-the-proper-balance-between-national-security-and-individual-rig
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593034728#14_869339715
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 19 4 a The Patriot Act: What Is the Proper Balance Between National Security and Individual Rig
The Patriot Act and Privacy
The Debate Over the Patriot Act
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Patriot Act Background
Critics of the Patriot Act
Defenders of the Patriot Act
More Links
A C T I V I T Y
National Security and Freedom
Content: Only 22 percent responded that it goes too far. Forty-eight percent said it is about right, and 21 percent answered that it does not go far enough. In June 2003, the attorney general called for another law to further strengthen the powers of law enforcement to fight terrorists. Called "Patriot Act II" by critics, the proposed new law would, among other things, enable the government to ask a court to revoke the citizenship of any American who provides "material support" to terrorists. The courts are just beginning to review the constitutionality of the Patriot Act. In the first major legal challenge to the Patriot Act, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit in July 2003 against Section 215 searches. The suit argues that these searches violate the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures as well as First Amendment freedoms of speech and association. In a report called " Unpatriotic Acts ," the ACLU warned that American freedom was endangered by the Patriot Act: Section 215 is likely to chill lawful dissent. If people think that their conversations, their emails, and their reading habits are being monitored, people will feel less comfortable saying what they think—especially if they disagree with government policies.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-19-4-a-the-patriot-act-what-is-the-proper-balance-between-national-security-and-individual-rig
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593142720#8_869538881
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 20 3 a The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe
The Idea of the Marshall Plan
Making the Marshall Plan
Selling the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan in Action
Did the Marshall Plan Succeed?
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Cold War
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Marshall Plan
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Truman Doctrine
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Greek Civil War
Encyclopedias:
GlobalSecurity:
Czechoslovakia
Encyclopedias:
George C. Marshall
Encyclopedias:
Links:
Harry S. Truman
Encyclopedias:
Links:
George Kennan
Encyclopedias:
Obituaries:
Articles by Kennan:
Links:
Dean Acheson
Encyclopedias:
Content: He saw this not just as humanitarian aid, but as the best way to fight communism in Europe. He believed that the European nations receiving U.S. aid needed to operate as an economic unit, much like the 13 colonies did after the American Revolution. Eventually, he argued, a rebuilt Europe would benefit the United States by once again being able to buy American factory and farm products. More importantly, an economically strong Europe would stop the spread of communism. Only a few weeks after President Truman requested aid for Greece and Turkey, Kennan and other top advisors to Secretary of State Marshall convinced him of the need for a massive aid program for all of Europe. On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State Marshall made an innovative proposal in a speech at Harvard University. Noting the disastrous conditions in Europe, Marshall called for a “joint effort” by the European nations to plan the rebuilding of Europe. The United States would provide “friendly aid” in drafting the plan, but this was really “the business of the Europeans.” Marshall promised that once the plan was in place, the United States would provide the necessary funds to make it work. “ Our policy,” Marshall made clear, “is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.”
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-3-a-the-marshall-plan-for-rebuilding-western-europe.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593142720#9_869541255
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 20 3 a The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe
The Idea of the Marshall Plan
Making the Marshall Plan
Selling the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan in Action
Did the Marshall Plan Succeed?
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Cold War
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Marshall Plan
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Truman Doctrine
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Greek Civil War
Encyclopedias:
GlobalSecurity:
Czechoslovakia
Encyclopedias:
George C. Marshall
Encyclopedias:
Links:
Harry S. Truman
Encyclopedias:
Links:
George Kennan
Encyclopedias:
Obituaries:
Articles by Kennan:
Links:
Dean Acheson
Encyclopedias:
Content: On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State Marshall made an innovative proposal in a speech at Harvard University. Noting the disastrous conditions in Europe, Marshall called for a “joint effort” by the European nations to plan the rebuilding of Europe. The United States would provide “friendly aid” in drafting the plan, but this was really “the business of the Europeans.” Marshall promised that once the plan was in place, the United States would provide the necessary funds to make it work. “ Our policy,” Marshall made clear, “is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” Making the Marshall Plan
Marshall even invited the Soviets to participate. But Kennan predicted that the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries under its control would refuse to join. He believed that Stalin, the Soviet dictator, would never go along with an American-inspired plan that required the free exchange of economic information. As predicted, the Soviets refused Marshall’s invitation to help develop a plan to rebuild Europe. They charged that his plan was a scheme to dominate Europe economically.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-3-a-the-marshall-plan-for-rebuilding-western-europe.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593142720#10_869543468
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 20 3 a The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe
The Idea of the Marshall Plan
Making the Marshall Plan
Selling the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan in Action
Did the Marshall Plan Succeed?
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Cold War
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Marshall Plan
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Truman Doctrine
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Greek Civil War
Encyclopedias:
GlobalSecurity:
Czechoslovakia
Encyclopedias:
George C. Marshall
Encyclopedias:
Links:
Harry S. Truman
Encyclopedias:
Links:
George Kennan
Encyclopedias:
Obituaries:
Articles by Kennan:
Links:
Dean Acheson
Encyclopedias:
Content: Making the Marshall Plan
Marshall even invited the Soviets to participate. But Kennan predicted that the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries under its control would refuse to join. He believed that Stalin, the Soviet dictator, would never go along with an American-inspired plan that required the free exchange of economic information. As predicted, the Soviets refused Marshall’s invitation to help develop a plan to rebuild Europe. They charged that his plan was a scheme to dominate Europe economically. Under Soviet control, the Eastern European nations also declined to participate. In July 1947, 16 Western European nations met in Paris to put together an economic recovery plan. But the Americans soon became disappointed about the direction of the planning. Rather than a unified plan for Europe as a whole, each country was developing its own “shopping list.” In addition, the French argued that western Germany, occupied by Britain, France, and the United States, should remain economically weak and not receive much Marshall Plan aid.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-3-a-the-marshall-plan-for-rebuilding-western-europe.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593142720#15_869553957
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 20 3 a The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe
The Idea of the Marshall Plan
Making the Marshall Plan
Selling the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan in Action
Did the Marshall Plan Succeed?
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Cold War
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Marshall Plan
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Truman Doctrine
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Greek Civil War
Encyclopedias:
GlobalSecurity:
Czechoslovakia
Encyclopedias:
George C. Marshall
Encyclopedias:
Links:
Harry S. Truman
Encyclopedias:
Links:
George Kennan
Encyclopedias:
Obituaries:
Articles by Kennan:
Links:
Dean Acheson
Encyclopedias:
Content: But the most powerful argument for Congress and the American public was that the Marshall Plan would contain the spread of communism. In February 1948, at the peak of the debate on the Marshall Plan, communists overthrew the government of Czechoslovakia. Shortly afterward, President Truman spoke to Congress. “ There are times in world history,” he said, “when it is far wiser to act than to hesitate.” Congress moved quickly to approve emergency aid to France, Italy, and Austria. The lawmakers then passed the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, which funded the Marshall Plan at a slightly lower level than Truman had requested. During the next four years, the United States provided over $13 billion in aid to 16 Western European nations, including West Germany. ( That is more than $100 billion in today’s dollars.) The Marshall Plan in Action
The basic purpose of the Marshall Plan, according to the Economic Cooperation Act, was to ensure “individual liberty, free institutions, and genuine independence” by restoring “sound economic conditions.” Between 1948 and 1951, the Marshall Plan attempted to implement several economic strategies and reforms to rebuild Western Europe.
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-3-a-the-marshall-plan-for-rebuilding-western-europe.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_593142720#18_869560048
|
Title: Constitutional Rights Foundation
Headings: Articles
Articles
BRIA 20 3 a The Marshall Plan for Rebuilding Western Europe
The Idea of the Marshall Plan
Making the Marshall Plan
Selling the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan in Action
Did the Marshall Plan Succeed?
For Discussion and Writing
For Further Information
Cold War
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Marshall Plan
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Truman Doctrine
Encyclopedias:
Primary Documents:
Links:
Greek Civil War
Encyclopedias:
GlobalSecurity:
Czechoslovakia
Encyclopedias:
George C. Marshall
Encyclopedias:
Links:
Harry S. Truman
Encyclopedias:
Links:
George Kennan
Encyclopedias:
Obituaries:
Articles by Kennan:
Links:
Dean Acheson
Encyclopedias:
Content: • create a common market free of national trade barriers. Some Marshall Plan aid came as technical assistance. The U.S. Economic Cooperation Administration arranged for technical aid and advisors from American businesses, banks, farm organizations, and labor unions. Advisory groups worked on improving European production, business organization, and labor-management relations. Most aid came as cash grants or loans ($11.8 billion). The Europeans used this money to buy essential goods like wheat and oil and to reconstruct factories and housing. The Europeans decided how to divide the American aid
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-3-a-the-marshall-plan-for-rebuilding-western-europe.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_595150654#4_873558482
|
Title: What Is Cybercrime?
Headings: What Is Cybercrime?
What Is Cybercrime?
Content: Let's look at the dictionary definition of Cybercrime: " It is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money". Mr. Pavan Duggal, who is the President of cyberlaws.net and consultant, in a report has clearly defined the various categories and types of cybercrimes. Cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories: 1. Cybercrimes against persons. 2. Cybercrimes against property. 3.
|
http://www.crime-research.org/analytics/702/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_595150654#6_873560233
|
Title: What Is Cybercrime?
Headings: What Is Cybercrime?
What Is Cybercrime?
Content: Cybercrimes against government. Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled. A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyberchat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gangrape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus first appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe.
|
http://www.crime-research.org/analytics/702/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_595150654#7_873561564
|
Title: What Is Cybercrime?
Headings: What Is Cybercrime?
What Is Cybercrime?
Content: A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyberchat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gangrape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus first appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe. It is estimated that the virus caused 80 million dollars in damages to computers worldwide. In the United States alone, the virus made its way through 1.2 million computers in one-fifth of the country's largest businesses. David Smith pleaded guilty on Dec. 9, 1999 to state and federal charges associated with his creation of the Melissa virus. There are numerous examples of such computer viruses few of them being "Melissa" and "love bug". Cyberharassment is a distinct Cybercrime.
|
http://www.crime-research.org/analytics/702/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_595150654#11_873566580
|
Title: What Is Cybercrime?
Headings: What Is Cybercrime?
What Is Cybercrime?
Content: Cyberterrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category. The growth of internet has shown that the medium of Cyberspace is being used by individuals and groups to threaten the international governments as also to terrorise the citizens of a country. This crime manifests itself into terrorism when an individual "cracks" into a government or military maintained website. In a report of expressindia. com, it was said that internet was becoming a boon for the terrorist organisations. According to Mr. A.K. Gupta, Deputy Director (Co-ordination), CBI, terrorist outfits are increasingly using internet to communicate and move funds. " Lashker-e-Toiba is collecting contributions online from its sympathisers all over the world. During the investigation of the Red Fort shootout in Dec. 2000, the accused Ashfaq Ahmed of this terrorist group revealed that the militants are making extensive use of the internet to communicate with the operatives and the sympathisers and also using the medium for intra-bank transfer of funds". Cracking is amongst the gravest Cyber-crimes known till date. It is a dreadful feeling to know that a stranger has broken into your computer systems without your knowledge and consent and has tampered with precious confidential data and information.
|
http://www.crime-research.org/analytics/702/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596298971#15_875187508
|
Title: Crime Scene Journal
Headings: A Philosophy of Crime Scene Reconstruction
A Philosophy of Crime Scene Reconstruction
by Michael A. Knox
June 6, 2012
References
Content: It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong; it cannot perjure itself; it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error. Only human failure to find, study, and understand it can diminish its value. While Locard's Exchange Principle is foundational to crime scene reconstruction, it must not be so construed as to mean that, if no evidence of an event was found, the event never happened. The oft-used phrase, "the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence," while hotly debated as a matter of science and philosophy, sums up conceptually how one should carefully approach the reconstruction of criminal events. Clearly, there is a difference between a lack of evidence after careful searching, study, and research and a lack of evidence due to a deficiency of research, insufficient study, or a poorly executed crime scene search. We must recognize that our ability to interpret evidence is necessarily limited by our ability to find evidence.
|
http://www.crimescenejournal.com/content.php?id=0007
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596789828#9_876072586
|
Title: Is Threatening Someone a Crime? Are Threats Protected as Free Speech? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Criminal Threats
Criminal Threats
Even though the Constitution guarantees the right of free speech, that right is not an absolute one. The law has long recognized specific limitations when it comes to speech, such as prohibitions against slander and libel.
"In Nolo you can trust."
— The New York Times
Why You Can Trust Us
Featured In
Communication
Fear and Intent
Specificity and Reasonableness
Assault
Penalties
Speak to a Lawyer
Content: Assault
The crime of assault, in some states, is very similar to criminal threats. An assault occurs when a person either attempts to physically injure someone else, or uses threats of force accompanied by threatening actions. Words alone are usually not enough to commit an assault, and some sort of physical action is typically required. For example, threatening to punch someone is usually not an assault. However, making the threats and then approaching the person in a threatening manner does qualify as assault. So, the same conduct that is considered a criminal threat in one state may be classified as an assault in another. Penalties
A court can impose several possible penalties on someone who was convicted of making criminal threats. Depending on the state, a criminal threat can be charged as either a misdemeanor or felony offense. While felony offenses are more serious than misdemeanors, either of them can result in incarceration, fines, and other penalties. Prison or jail.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Criminal-Threats.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596789828#10_876074358
|
Title: Is Threatening Someone a Crime? Are Threats Protected as Free Speech? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Criminal Threats
Criminal Threats
Even though the Constitution guarantees the right of free speech, that right is not an absolute one. The law has long recognized specific limitations when it comes to speech, such as prohibitions against slander and libel.
"In Nolo you can trust."
— The New York Times
Why You Can Trust Us
Featured In
Communication
Fear and Intent
Specificity and Reasonableness
Assault
Penalties
Speak to a Lawyer
Content: So, the same conduct that is considered a criminal threat in one state may be classified as an assault in another. Penalties
A court can impose several possible penalties on someone who was convicted of making criminal threats. Depending on the state, a criminal threat can be charged as either a misdemeanor or felony offense. While felony offenses are more serious than misdemeanors, either of them can result in incarceration, fines, and other penalties. Prison or jail. Anyone convicted of making a criminal threat faces a substantial time in jail or prison. A misdemeanor conviction can result in up to a year in county jail, while felony convictions can impose sentences of five years or more. In some instances, a terrorist threat can result in a sentence that lasts decades. Fines. The fine for making criminal threats also varies depending on the state and the circumstances of the case.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Criminal-Threats.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596789828#11_876076035
|
Title: Is Threatening Someone a Crime? Are Threats Protected as Free Speech? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Criminal Threats
Criminal Threats
Even though the Constitution guarantees the right of free speech, that right is not an absolute one. The law has long recognized specific limitations when it comes to speech, such as prohibitions against slander and libel.
"In Nolo you can trust."
— The New York Times
Why You Can Trust Us
Featured In
Communication
Fear and Intent
Specificity and Reasonableness
Assault
Penalties
Speak to a Lawyer
Content: Anyone convicted of making a criminal threat faces a substantial time in jail or prison. A misdemeanor conviction can result in up to a year in county jail, while felony convictions can impose sentences of five years or more. In some instances, a terrorist threat can result in a sentence that lasts decades. Fines. The fine for making criminal threats also varies depending on the state and the circumstances of the case. A misdemeanor conviction might bring a fine of up to $1,000, though more is possible in some situations. Felony convictions can have fines that exceed $10,000. Probation. A court may sentence someone convicted of making criminal threats to probation. Probation typically lasts at least 12 months, during which time you must comply with specific probation conditions.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Criminal-Threats.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596860083#11_876279531
|
Title: Types of Larceny: How Is Felony Theft Defined? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony Theft or Larceny Laws
Felony Theft or Larceny Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Felony or Misdemeanor Theft?
Penalties
Speaking with an Attorney
Content: Prison. Prison sentences for felony theft can last a number of years, though the length of the sentence differs significantly. For first-time offenders who are convicted of the lowest severity level of felony theft, the potential prison sentence can be anywhere from several months to two or three years, though a court may also choose not to impose any jail time. For repeat offenders or those convicted of the most serious felony theft offenses, prison sentences can range between several years to 20 years or more. Fines. Felony theft convictions also bring with them the possibility of significant fines. A single conviction can bring a fine as low as $1,000 dollars, or as high as $150,000 or more. Restitution. Apart from any fines, courts also typically require a convicted person to pay restitution. Restitution is money paid to compensate the owner of the property for the loss.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Felony-Theft.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_596876640#13_876330809
|
Title: Types of Fraud Crimes | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Laws on Fraud
Laws on Fraud
Fraud involves using a lie, deception, falsehood, or dishonesty in an attempt to gain a benefit. The states and the federal governments have identified many types of fraud as criminal.
"In Nolo you can trust."
— The New York Times
Why You Can Trust Us
Featured In
Beware of COVID-19 Fraud
State and Federal Laws
Mail Fraud
Wire Fraud
Computer and Internet Fraud
Counterfeiting
Loan Fraud
Credit Card Fraud
Penalties
Find an Attorney
Content: Fraud convictions bring with them the possibility of a jail or prison sentence. Though sentences differ widely, a misdemeanor conviction can lead to up to a year in a local jail, while a felony conviction can lead to multiple years in prison. Federal charges can lead to 10 years or more in federal prison. Probation. A court can also impose a probation sentence if you're convicted of a fraud crime. Probation allows you to serve your sentence without having to go to jail or prison, but it is not a “get out of jail free” sentence either. Probation limits your freedom significantly. Probation typically lasts 12 months or more, and while on probation you must obey specific conditions the court imposes. These will often require you to report to a probation officer, take random drug tests, find or maintain a job, and of course, not commit more crimes. Fines.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Fraud.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597029536#6_876722671
|
Title: Is Prostitution Legal In All States? How Is Prostitution Punished? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Prostitution Laws
Prostitution Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
The History of the Oldest Profession
A Victimless Crime?
Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
Crimes Related to Prostitution
Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution Laws by State
Content: The practice remained legal despite public condemnation. Brothels and their patrons were prominent along the coasts and eventually spread to the country's rural areas. Local governments tried—mostly unsuccessfully—to regulate prostitution. Determining that absolute prevention was impossible, the country turned to the practice of confining prostitution to certain geographic areas known as “redlight districts.” These sectors were technically illegal in many states, but governments often tolerated them. Eventually, at the turn of the nineteenth century, the states began to enact criminal laws prohibiting prostitution, while Congress did the same. By 1971 every state other than Nevada had outlawed sex-for-sale. A Victimless Crime? Some have argued that prostitution is a “victimless crime”—at least when adults are concerned—in that it involves only consenting individuals. The majority view, however, is that commercial sex harms these individuals and, more importantly, society at large.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Prostitution.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597029536#7_876724315
|
Title: Is Prostitution Legal In All States? How Is Prostitution Punished? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Prostitution Laws
Prostitution Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
The History of the Oldest Profession
A Victimless Crime?
Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
Crimes Related to Prostitution
Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution Laws by State
Content: Eventually, at the turn of the nineteenth century, the states began to enact criminal laws prohibiting prostitution, while Congress did the same. By 1971 every state other than Nevada had outlawed sex-for-sale. A Victimless Crime? Some have argued that prostitution is a “victimless crime”—at least when adults are concerned—in that it involves only consenting individuals. The majority view, however, is that commercial sex harms these individuals and, more importantly, society at large. The ban against prostitution is said to denounce the exploitation of sexual gratification. Prostitution laws are intended to protect public health and welfare (including the suppression of sexually transmitted diseases), protect minors who might otherwise become involved in the sex industry, thwart other associated forms of crime, and curb the incentive to exploit women. Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
In some states, prostitution is considered a form of disorderly conduct. In most the crime includes offering or agreeing to, or actually engaging in, a sexual act in exchange for money. Statutes typically describe the contemplated sexual activity vaguely.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Prostitution.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597029536#8_876726105
|
Title: Is Prostitution Legal In All States? How Is Prostitution Punished? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Prostitution Laws
Prostitution Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
The History of the Oldest Profession
A Victimless Crime?
Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
Crimes Related to Prostitution
Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution Laws by State
Content: The ban against prostitution is said to denounce the exploitation of sexual gratification. Prostitution laws are intended to protect public health and welfare (including the suppression of sexually transmitted diseases), protect minors who might otherwise become involved in the sex industry, thwart other associated forms of crime, and curb the incentive to exploit women. Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
In some states, prostitution is considered a form of disorderly conduct. In most the crime includes offering or agreeing to, or actually engaging in, a sexual act in exchange for money. Statutes typically describe the contemplated sexual activity vaguely. They use terms such as “ lewd acts ,” but invariably describe intimate physical contact of some form. They require that the defendant intend to receive compensation, either directly or through a third party, in exchange for that contact. In many states, the government must prove only that the prostitute offered or agreed to engage in sexual conduct for compensation, regardless of whether she or he intended to follow through on that offer or agreement. The only requirement is that the offer or agreement not be in jest. In some states, though, the prosecution must prove that the defendant specifically intended to engage in the sexual act in exchange for money.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Prostitution.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597029536#9_876728062
|
Title: Is Prostitution Legal In All States? How Is Prostitution Punished? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Prostitution Laws
Prostitution Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
The History of the Oldest Profession
A Victimless Crime?
Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
Crimes Related to Prostitution
Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution Laws by State
Content: They use terms such as “ lewd acts ,” but invariably describe intimate physical contact of some form. They require that the defendant intend to receive compensation, either directly or through a third party, in exchange for that contact. In many states, the government must prove only that the prostitute offered or agreed to engage in sexual conduct for compensation, regardless of whether she or he intended to follow through on that offer or agreement. The only requirement is that the offer or agreement not be in jest. In some states, though, the prosecution must prove that the defendant specifically intended to engage in the sexual act in exchange for money. In those states a prostitution violation requires some act showing that the defendant intended to follow through on the offer or agreement to partake in sexual activity. An example of such an act is touching the patron's crotch after offering intercourse. In all states where prostitution is illegal, the intentions of the would-be client are irrelevant—the alleged prostitute can be convicted even if that client doesn't actually intend to participate in any sexual contact. Were the law otherwise, police sting operations to uncover and prosecute illegal sexual activity, which are vital to enforcing laws against prostitution, would be pointless. Crimes Related to Prostitution
In addition to pimping and pandering, there are several prostitution-related crimes that involve third parties.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Prostitution.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597029536#10_876730146
|
Title: Is Prostitution Legal In All States? How Is Prostitution Punished? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Prostitution Laws
Prostitution Laws
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
The History of the Oldest Profession
A Victimless Crime?
Typical Legal Approaches to Prostitution
Crimes Related to Prostitution
Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution Laws by State
Content: In those states a prostitution violation requires some act showing that the defendant intended to follow through on the offer or agreement to partake in sexual activity. An example of such an act is touching the patron's crotch after offering intercourse. In all states where prostitution is illegal, the intentions of the would-be client are irrelevant—the alleged prostitute can be convicted even if that client doesn't actually intend to participate in any sexual contact. Were the law otherwise, police sting operations to uncover and prosecute illegal sexual activity, which are vital to enforcing laws against prostitution, would be pointless. Crimes Related to Prostitution
In addition to pimping and pandering, there are several prostitution-related crimes that involve third parties. State laws relating to the sex trade typically prohibit certain categories of behavior that foster prostitution. These include: keeping or residing in a house of prostitution
leasing a house for prostitution
procuring a person to travel for purposes of prostitution
bringing a person to a place kept for prostitution
sending a minor to or permitting a minor to enter a house of prostitution, and
taking a person against his or her will for prostitution. In addition, federal law prohibits transporting a person across state lines with intent that that person engage in prostitution or any other criminal sexual activity. Punishing Prostitution
Prostitution itself, whether the prostitute or customer is involved, is typically punished as a misdemeanor.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Prostitution.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597211448#8_877177243
|
Title: Laws on Federal Fraud | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Laws on Federal Fraud
Laws on Federal Fraud
Federal law defines fraud as any intentional deception or misrepresentation used to benefit yourself or someone else.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Mail and Wire Fraud
Tax Fraud
Securities Fraud
Medicaid and Medicare Fraud
Penalties
Talk to a Lawyer
Content: Prison. Someone convicted of a federal fraud crime faces serving time in a federal prison. The potential prison sentences associated with any fraud conviction differs significantly, and can range from 0 to 6 months up to 20 to 30 years per violation. The amount of time sentenced will depend upon a person's criminal history, as well as the particular law violated. Alternatives, such as home confinement, are also possible in some situations. Fines. The fine for any conviction of a federal fraud law can be extremely high. A conviction for mail or wire fraud, for example, can result in a $250,000 fine for each violation. Fraud with a wide ranging impact and high dollar value, such as fraud committed by companies or organizations, can result in fines of tens of millions of dollars or more. Restitution.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/federal-fraud.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#3_877243385
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: The lawyer or law firm you are contacting is not required to, and may choose not to, accept you as a client. The Internet is not necessarily secure and emails sent through this site could be intercepted or read by third parties. show all options
< back forward >
feature/path.2.83:2021-05-17_13-03-59
Contrary to the common idiom, crime often pays. It can pay so much, in fact, that people with illegally acquired funds often develop complicated plans to make it appear as if the money originated from a legal source. This is money laundering. According to the International Monetary Fund, the amount of money laundered every year is estimated to be between $600 billion and $1.5 trillion. Money laundering occurs whenever a person attempts to conceal the source, destination, or identity of illegally obtained or acquired money. Money laundering is criminalized under both state and federal laws. Spending vs Concealment
Money laundering applies when a person attempts to conceal illegally obtained funds, but it doesn't include merely spending money. If, for example, you make $1,000 selling stolen goods and then go out and buy something, you have not laundered any money.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#4_877245078
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: According to the International Monetary Fund, the amount of money laundered every year is estimated to be between $600 billion and $1.5 trillion. Money laundering occurs whenever a person attempts to conceal the source, destination, or identity of illegally obtained or acquired money. Money laundering is criminalized under both state and federal laws. Spending vs Concealment
Money laundering applies when a person attempts to conceal illegally obtained funds, but it doesn't include merely spending money. If, for example, you make $1,000 selling stolen goods and then go out and buy something, you have not laundered any money. Though you have committed the crime of dealing in stolen goods, to be convicted of money laundering you'd need to try to conceal or disguise where the money originated, or otherwise disguise it. Concealment
The Supreme Court has ruled that in order to prove federal money laundering charges, prosecutors must show a person concealed money specifically to conceal the location, ownership, source, nature, or control of the money. It isn't money laundering, for example, to try to conceal money during transportation by putting it in a hidden place. Laundering would involve taking that money and trying to make it appear as if it came from a legitimate source. Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
The Supreme Court has also ruled that federal money laundering laws don't apply when someone is simply making money from crime.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#6_877249071
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: For example, if you decide to run an illegal lottery in which you collect money from people who play and then pay the winners, this isn't money laundering. Though you're receiving money from illegal activity and using that money to pay winners, money laundering requires that you in some way try to hide the profits from your activity. Paying money to winners isn't considered concealing profits. Illegal Activity
Money laundering targets the specific act of concealing, or attempting to conceal, the ill-begotten proceeds of criminal activity. Courts have ruled that there must be some criminal activity involved that produced the profits before it can be money laundering. If, for example, you make $10,000 by selling a car and then try to hide that money from the IRS at tax time, you haven't committed money laundering. You've violated tax laws, but because the sale of the car was legal your actions do not count as money laundering. Penalties
State and federal money laundering laws differ significantly in the potential penalties associated with them. Money laundering convictions typically result in fines, prison, probation, or a combination of penalties. Prison.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#7_877250759
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: If, for example, you make $10,000 by selling a car and then try to hide that money from the IRS at tax time, you haven't committed money laundering. You've violated tax laws, but because the sale of the car was legal your actions do not count as money laundering. Penalties
State and federal money laundering laws differ significantly in the potential penalties associated with them. Money laundering convictions typically result in fines, prison, probation, or a combination of penalties. Prison. Money laundering is almost charged as a felony offense, but in some states misdemeanor charges are possible. A misdemeanor money laundering conviction can result in a jail sentence up to a year long, while felony convictions have penalties of a year or more in prison. In some situations, such as when a person is a repeat offender, where the money laundering was a part of an ongoing criminal enterprise, or where the laundering was related to terrorist activities, prison sentences can last 35 years or more. Fines. Money laundering fines can be steep.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#8_877252326
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: Money laundering is almost charged as a felony offense, but in some states misdemeanor charges are possible. A misdemeanor money laundering conviction can result in a jail sentence up to a year long, while felony convictions have penalties of a year or more in prison. In some situations, such as when a person is a repeat offender, where the money laundering was a part of an ongoing criminal enterprise, or where the laundering was related to terrorist activities, prison sentences can last 35 years or more. Fines. Money laundering fines can be steep. While misdemeanor convictions typically allow for fines up to no more than a few thousand dollars, a federal conviction for money laundering can result in fines of up to $500,000 or double the amount of money that was laundered, whichever is greater. Probation. Probation sentences are possible for money laundering convictions. Courts impose probation sentences that last a specific amount of time, typically at least one year, but sometimes as long as three years or more. During the time you're on probation you have to meet specific probation conditions.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597239488#9_877253953
|
Title: Money Laundering | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Money Laundering
Money Laundering
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Spending vs Concealment
Concealment
Criminal Proceeds or Criminal Receipts
Illegal Activity
Penalties
Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Content: While misdemeanor convictions typically allow for fines up to no more than a few thousand dollars, a federal conviction for money laundering can result in fines of up to $500,000 or double the amount of money that was laundered, whichever is greater. Probation. Probation sentences are possible for money laundering convictions. Courts impose probation sentences that last a specific amount of time, typically at least one year, but sometimes as long as three years or more. During the time you're on probation you have to meet specific probation conditions. Probation terms typically include regularly reporting to a probation officer, allowing the officer to conduct random home checks, taking random drug tests, and not committing other crimes. If you violate probation a court can revoke it and order you to serve a prison term, lengthen the probation period, impose additional fines, or impose other penalties. Consult a Lawyer in Your Area
Money laundering charges are very serious, and a conviction can ruin your life. If you're charged with money laundering you need to speak to a local criminal defense attorney who can review your case, evaluate your options, and give you advice. Federal and state money laundering laws also have significant differences in what they requires and what penalties apply, so you need an attorney who knows the difference to provide you with legal advice.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/money-laundering.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597261826#10_877310525
|
Title: Public Intoxication Laws and Penalties | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Public Intoxication Laws and Penalties
Public Intoxication Laws and Penalties
Public intoxication, drunk in public, drunk and disorderly conduct - all refer to the same crime that's treated differently by each state.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
What is Public Intoxication?
Appearing in a public place
Being under the influence of alcohol, illegal drugs, a controlled substance or other intoxicant
Causing disturbance or harm to other persons or property or presenting a danger to oneself
Public Intoxication Penalties
Potential Defenses to Public Intoxication Charges
Public Intoxication Laws by State
Additional Information
Get Legal Help for Public Intoxication
Content: However, in most states, the definition of "disturbance" is very broad—some states include actions such as blocking sidewalks or using offensive language. Further, if an officer believes that a person's intoxication is posing a threat to that person's own safety, he may be taken into custody and charged with this offense. Learn about your State's DUI/DWI laws. Public Intoxication Penalties
The consequences for those convicted of public intoxication will depend on how the state (or municipality) has classified the behavior—as a crime or a medical condition. Public intoxication as a crime. In the majority of states with public intoxication laws, public intoxication is considered a misdemeanor, punishable by fines, jail time, probation, or community service. For example, a first offense for public intoxication in Indiana may be punished with up to 180 days in jail and a $1,000 fine. In California, public intoxication is a misdemeanor. However, if the defendant is suspected of being under the influence of alcohol only, rather than illegal drugs, the law enforcement officer must bring the defendant to a "sobering facility," where he will remain for up to 72 hours. If the defendant is taken to a "sobering facility," no criminal charges will be brought based solely upon the defendant's intoxication.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/public-intoxication.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#0_878693486
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
By Ave Mince-Didier
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today. Please answer a few questions to help us match you with attorneys in your area. Do you have current criminal charges? Yes
No
--Select an answer-- Yes No
Processing
Get FREE Evaluation
By clicking “Submit,” you agree to the Martindale-Nolo Texting Terms. Martindale-Nolo and up to 5 participating attorneys may contact you on the number you provided. Messages or calls may be sent using an autodialer or other automated technology. You are not required to provide consent as a condition of service. Attorneys have the option, but are not required, to send text messages to you.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#2_878696883
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: You will receive up to 2 messages per week from Martindale-Nolo. Frequency from attorney may vary. Message and data rates may apply. Your number will be held in accordance with our Privacy Policy. You should not send any sensitive or confidential information through this site. Any information sent through this site does not create an attorney-client relationship and may not be treated as privileged or confidential. The lawyer or law firm you are contacting is not required to, and may choose not to, accept you as a client. The Internet is not necessarily secure and emails sent through this site could be intercepted or read by third parties. show all options
< back forward >
feature/path.2.83:2021-05-17_13-03-59
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#3_878698676
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: Any information sent through this site does not create an attorney-client relationship and may not be treated as privileged or confidential. The lawyer or law firm you are contacting is not required to, and may choose not to, accept you as a client. The Internet is not necessarily secure and emails sent through this site could be intercepted or read by third parties. show all options
< back forward >
feature/path.2.83:2021-05-17_13-03-59
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim. Usually, no injury or physical contact is required. Menacing as an Assault
In some states, menacing is just another way of describing an assault: attempting to hit or hurt someone, or placing another in fear of imminent bodily harm or offensive contact. For example, throwing a punch at someone could result in menacing charges, even if the person is not actually hit. Yelling threats at someone, or even looking at someone while making threatening gestures, could also be considered menacing.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#4_878700687
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: Usually, no injury or physical contact is required. Menacing as an Assault
In some states, menacing is just another way of describing an assault: attempting to hit or hurt someone, or placing another in fear of imminent bodily harm or offensive contact. For example, throwing a punch at someone could result in menacing charges, even if the person is not actually hit. Yelling threats at someone, or even looking at someone while making threatening gestures, could also be considered menacing. For more information about assault, see Assault and Battery. Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing may also refer to displaying a deadly weapon in a threatening matter. This crime is sometimes called brandishing. Deadly weapons include guns, knives, and other items designed as weapons. In some states, any object, including a part of the defendant's body, can be a deadly weapon if the defendant uses it to hurt someone, or threatens or attempts to hurt someone with it.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#5_878702464
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: For more information about assault, see Assault and Battery. Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing may also refer to displaying a deadly weapon in a threatening matter. This crime is sometimes called brandishing. Deadly weapons include guns, knives, and other items designed as weapons. In some states, any object, including a part of the defendant's body, can be a deadly weapon if the defendant uses it to hurt someone, or threatens or attempts to hurt someone with it. For more information, see Assault With a Deadly Weapon. For example, a person who waves a gun around could be convicted of menacing. Menacing by Stalking
Some states also have laws against menacing by stalking (engaging in a pattern of placing another person in fear of bodily harm). For example, if a person keeps showing up at an ex-spouse's home, calling or texting repeatedly, and making threats of physical harm, the person could be convicted of menacing by stalking. Punishment
The punishment for menacing can vary.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#6_878704270
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: For more information, see Assault With a Deadly Weapon. For example, a person who waves a gun around could be convicted of menacing. Menacing by Stalking
Some states also have laws against menacing by stalking (engaging in a pattern of placing another person in fear of bodily harm). For example, if a person keeps showing up at an ex-spouse's home, calling or texting repeatedly, and making threats of physical harm, the person could be convicted of menacing by stalking. Punishment
The punishment for menacing can vary. Depending on the facts, menacing may be a misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year (or, in some states, two years) in jail; or a felony, punishable by incarceration in state prison. Whether a felony or a misdemeanor, menacing can also be punished by a fine and restitution (payment to the victim to compensate for monetary damages suffered). Usually, the most important factor in sentencing is the degree of injury suffered by the victim, if any. Other facts that can result in a longer sentence include:
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597732529#7_878706112
|
Title: Felony "Menacing" Charges | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Felony "Menacing" Charges
Felony "Menacing" Charges
Menacing can refer to a few different crimes, all of which share the following characteristics: the defendant has placed the victim in fear of imminent (immediate) bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, or has attempted or threatened to hurt the victim
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
Menacing as an Assault
Menacing as Brandishing
Menacing by Stalking
Punishment
Obtaining Legal Assistance
Content: Depending on the facts, menacing may be a misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year (or, in some states, two years) in jail; or a felony, punishable by incarceration in state prison. Whether a felony or a misdemeanor, menacing can also be punished by a fine and restitution (payment to the victim to compensate for monetary damages suffered). Usually, the most important factor in sentencing is the degree of injury suffered by the victim, if any. Other facts that can result in a longer sentence include: the use of a weapon
the past criminal record of the defendant
the presence of accomplices, and
the status of the victim as a child or some other vulnerable person deserving of extra protection. Obtaining Legal Assistance
If you are charged with menacing, you should contact a local criminal defense attorney. An attorney can tell you what to expect in court based on the law in your state and the assigned judge and prosecutor. With an attorney's help, you can present the strongest defense and obtain the best possible outcome in your case, such as a dismissal, an acquittal, or the minimum sentence.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/crime-penalties/felony-menacing-charges-types-penalties
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597819560#5_878968238
|
Title: How Could I Get My Criminal Charges Dropped? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Many cases are dismissed before a plea or trial. Learn about the common reasons why.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
No Probable Cause to Arrest
Mistake in Criminal Complaint
Illegal Stop or Search
Insufficient Evidence
Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
Prosecutor's Discretion
After a Successful Appeal
A Bad Arrest or Search
Insufficient Evidence to Support the Jury's Finding
No Jurisdiction
Consult an Attorney
Content: Occasionally, cases are dismissed after the defendant has gone to trial, lost, and won an appeal. For information on post-conviction dismissals, see Getting a Case Dismissed After Conviction. No Probable Cause to Arrest
In order to arrest a person, police must have probable cause to believe that the person committed a crime. A police officer cannot arrest a person simply because he has a gut feeling that the person just robbed the liquor store down the street. The officer must have a reasonable belief based on objective factual circumstances that the person robbed the store. For instance, after the liquor store robbery, an eye witness to the robbery describes the robber to the police officer as a person wearing a red jacket with a dragon emblem and boots and carrying a knife with a long blade and a black handle. If the officer sees a person matching that description hiding in a doorway down the street, he likely has probable cause to arrest. If the officer arrested a person hiding in a doorway near the liquor store without any physical description from a witness or other basis for concluding that the person committed the crime, the officer made the arrest without probable cause and the charges may be dismissed. If, however, the prosecutor obtains other substantial evidence that tends to prove that the defendant robbed the store, the prosecutor can re-file the charges or possibly even avoid a dismissal. For more information on probable cause to arrest, see When the Police Can Make an Arrest:
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-defense-case/charge-dimissal-court.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597819560#9_878977828
|
Title: How Could I Get My Criminal Charges Dropped? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Many cases are dismissed before a plea or trial. Learn about the common reasons why.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
No Probable Cause to Arrest
Mistake in Criminal Complaint
Illegal Stop or Search
Insufficient Evidence
Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
Prosecutor's Discretion
After a Successful Appeal
A Bad Arrest or Search
Insufficient Evidence to Support the Jury's Finding
No Jurisdiction
Consult an Attorney
Content: Police can search a person, for example, after arresting the person for a crime or if an officer has a reasonable belief that the person is carrying a deadly weapon. Police can search a car without a warrant after arresting a driver for driving while intoxicated or other crime. Police can enter a house without a warrant in an emergency, such as after hearing shots being fired in the house. If police conduct a search without a warrant and no special circumstances permitted the search, no evidence gathered in the search can be used against the defendant. If the court finds that a stop or search was illegal and the evidence is inadmissible, the defense can request that the case be dismissed on the grounds that the prosecution has no evidence to prove the charges against the defendant. For more information on illegal stops and searches, see When Can the Police Search My Car? and Search Warrants: What They Are and When They Are Necessary. Insufficient Evidence
If a defendant is arrested and charges are pending against him, the prosecutor must present the case to a grand jury or a judge and show that the prosecution has enough evidence to establish probable cause to believe the defendant committed a crime. As with arrests, the evidence must show an objective, factual basis for believing that the defendant committed the crime.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-defense-case/charge-dimissal-court.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597819560#10_878980040
|
Title: How Could I Get My Criminal Charges Dropped? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Many cases are dismissed before a plea or trial. Learn about the common reasons why.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
No Probable Cause to Arrest
Mistake in Criminal Complaint
Illegal Stop or Search
Insufficient Evidence
Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
Prosecutor's Discretion
After a Successful Appeal
A Bad Arrest or Search
Insufficient Evidence to Support the Jury's Finding
No Jurisdiction
Consult an Attorney
Content: For more information on illegal stops and searches, see When Can the Police Search My Car? and Search Warrants: What They Are and When They Are Necessary. Insufficient Evidence
If a defendant is arrested and charges are pending against him, the prosecutor must present the case to a grand jury or a judge and show that the prosecution has enough evidence to establish probable cause to believe the defendant committed a crime. As with arrests, the evidence must show an objective, factual basis for believing that the defendant committed the crime. If the grand jury or the judge do not find probable cause, then the charges must be dismissed. when prosecutors have very limited evidence against a defendant in a criminal case, they may conclude that they do not have enough evidence to move forward in the case and dismiss the charges on their own. Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
If a key witness in a criminal case is unavailable to testify or the prosecution loses important physical evidence, the prosecutor may have no choice but to dismiss the case because there is not enough evidence to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In some cases, physical evidence is so important that, without it, the prosecutor cannot prove the case. If a witness disappears, dies, or refuses to testify on Fifth Amendment grounds (because his testimony may incriminate him, in that it shows that he also committed a crime), the prosecutor may not have enough evidence without the witness' testimony.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-defense-case/charge-dimissal-court.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_597819560#11_878982407
|
Title: How Could I Get My Criminal Charges Dropped? | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
Headings: Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Getting a Criminal Charge Dismissed
Many cases are dismissed before a plea or trial. Learn about the common reasons why.
Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
No Probable Cause to Arrest
Mistake in Criminal Complaint
Illegal Stop or Search
Insufficient Evidence
Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
Prosecutor's Discretion
After a Successful Appeal
A Bad Arrest or Search
Insufficient Evidence to Support the Jury's Finding
No Jurisdiction
Consult an Attorney
Content: If the grand jury or the judge do not find probable cause, then the charges must be dismissed. when prosecutors have very limited evidence against a defendant in a criminal case, they may conclude that they do not have enough evidence to move forward in the case and dismiss the charges on their own. Unavailable Witness or Lost Evidence
If a key witness in a criminal case is unavailable to testify or the prosecution loses important physical evidence, the prosecutor may have no choice but to dismiss the case because there is not enough evidence to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In some cases, physical evidence is so important that, without it, the prosecutor cannot prove the case. If a witness disappears, dies, or refuses to testify on Fifth Amendment grounds (because his testimony may incriminate him, in that it shows that he also committed a crime), the prosecutor may not have enough evidence without the witness' testimony. Some cases also hinge on a witness being able to identify the defendant as the person who committed the crime. Without the identification, the other evidence might not be strong enough to get a conviction. If a witness realizes after first identifying the defendant that he or she is unsure and not able to to identify the defendant at trial, the prosecutor might decide that, without the witness identification, there is not enough evidence to win at trial and a dismissal is in order. In some cases, the defense will challenge the procedure police used to obtain the witness' identification of the defendant by challenging the way the police conducted a line-up or raising other issues with the witness identification process. If the judge finds the police conducted a line-up or other identification process improperly, the judge may not allow the witness to identify the defendant at trial.
|
http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-defense-case/charge-dimissal-court.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_599519654#4_883537193
|
Title: Human Trafficking FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) - NY DCJS
Headings:
Division of Criminal Justice Services
Human Trafficking FAQ'S
1. What is human trafficking?
2. What is sex trafficking?
3. What are these methods?
4. This sounds like pimping, how is it different?
5. Does New York's law only apply when the victim is foreign born?
6. Where are victims of sex trafficking usually found?
7. There is a "massage parlor" in a strip mall in my town. How can I tell if it is a sex trafficking location?
8. What should I do if I suspect that human trafficking is occurring?
9. What will happen to the victims?
10. Doesn't this reward illegal behavior?
11. What will happen to the traffickers?
12. What is labor trafficking?
13. What are these methods?
14. Where are labor trafficking victims usually found?
15. What is the difference between smuggling and trafficking?
16. What can I do to prevent trafficking?
Content: Sex trafficking victims are usually performing prostitution in locations that try to appear legitimate. Often times, locations are marketed as "massage parlors," "health spas," "acupressure centers" or similar names. Brothels, escort services and strip clubs also are often destinations of sex trafficking victims. 7. There is a "massage parlor" in a strip mall in my town. How can I tell if it is a sex trafficking location? There are several indicators that are common to sex trafficking locations: darkened or obscured windows so you can't see into the location from the outside; locked doors that require you to be buzzed in; and an all-male clientele are indicators of trafficking.
|
http://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/pio/humantrafficking/humantrafficking_faq.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_600142944#0_884791851
|
Title: Bounty Hunter Salary
Headings: Bounty Hunter Salary
Bounty Hunter Salary
Featured Programs:
Does a degree increase bounty hunter salary?
The Andrew Luster Case
Bounty Hunter Job Outlook
Content: Bounty Hunter Salary
FIND SCHOOLS
1
Degree Completed High School Diploma/GED Some College Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Doctorate Degree
2
Desired Degree Diploma/Certificate Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Doctorate
3
Program of Interest All Criminal Justice Programs Criminal Justice Cyber Security Emergency Management Forensics Homeland Security International Relations/Global Affairs Law & Paralegal Law Enforcement Social Work
4
GO! Sponsored Content
Bounty Hunter Salary
Of course, the biggest question you all have is: “ Wow, this sounds really cool, but how much would I get paid?” Well, there’s no easy way to determine bounty hunter salary but it depends heavily on where you work and how you operate. A regular independent bounty hunter works on commission. He captures a bounty that has yet to pay for his bail and returns them to the bail agency. The bail agency then pays a percentage of the bounty’s bail, which makes up the bounty hunter salary. The percentage changes based on location but the chart generally looks something like this: Featured Programs: Sponsored School (s)
Liberty University
Featured Program:
|
http://www.criminaljusticeschoolinfo.com/bounty-hunter-salary.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_600142944#1_884793448
|
Title: Bounty Hunter Salary
Headings: Bounty Hunter Salary
Bounty Hunter Salary
Featured Programs:
Does a degree increase bounty hunter salary?
The Andrew Luster Case
Bounty Hunter Job Outlook
Content: He captures a bounty that has yet to pay for his bail and returns them to the bail agency. The bail agency then pays a percentage of the bounty’s bail, which makes up the bounty hunter salary. The percentage changes based on location but the chart generally looks something like this: Featured Programs: Sponsored School (s)
Liberty University
Featured Program: Bachelor's Degree in Criminal Justice
Request Info
Southern New Hampshire University
Featured Program: Associate, Bachelor, and Master degree programs in Criminal Justice
Request Info
Grand Canyon University
Featured Program: Bachelor and Master degree programs in Criminal Justice
Request Info
Saint Joseph's University
Featured Program: Master of Science in Criminal Justice
Request Info
Local recoveries = 10% of the bail
National recoveries = 20% of the bail
International recoveries = 35% of the bail *
* One reason why international recovery percentages are so much higher than the others is because of the added risk involved with undertaking an international fugitive recovery operation. As I’ve already pointed out, bounty hunting is illegal in almost every country in the world and if a police officer from one of those countries catches a bounty hunter apprehending a fugitive, then the bounty hunter is charged with the criminal act of kidnapping and thrown in prison.
|
http://www.criminaljusticeschoolinfo.com/bounty-hunter-salary.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_600142944#5_884800735
|
Title: Bounty Hunter Salary
Headings: Bounty Hunter Salary
Bounty Hunter Salary
Featured Programs:
Does a degree increase bounty hunter salary?
The Andrew Luster Case
Bounty Hunter Job Outlook
Content: Fortunately this incident ended peacefully and without Dog serving any jail time, but not every bounty hunter is so lucky. Other bounty hunters have been jailed for years by carrying out their jobs in similar fashion. Occasionally bounty hunters will work exclusively with a single bail bond agency. Usually, this is only reserved for bounty hunters who have proved reliable in the past or individuals who have been trained by the bail bond agency itself. Because they work exclusively with a single company, the company will usually grant their bounty hunters certain privileges in order to keep them. Such special privileges can include a higher commission and sometimes even a retainer fee. Additionally, all travel and lodging expenses will be paid for by the bail agency once the bounty has been returned to the agency. That is the most important part of the whole ordeal, the bounty must be returned to the agency before the statute of limitations expires or else you will not get paid for your work. Lastly, some bail agents choose to hunt down bail jumpers themselves so they don’t have to pay some of their own commission (bail agents are paid in commission off of the bail that their clients pay to the bail agency) in order to retrieve the bounty. This means that bail agents will get a higher percentage commission than either of the previous two bounty hunters because they work in-house and save the company the extra expense of hiring outside bounty hunters.
|
http://www.criminaljusticeschoolinfo.com/bounty-hunter-salary.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_600142944#6_884802610
|
Title: Bounty Hunter Salary
Headings: Bounty Hunter Salary
Bounty Hunter Salary
Featured Programs:
Does a degree increase bounty hunter salary?
The Andrew Luster Case
Bounty Hunter Job Outlook
Content: Such special privileges can include a higher commission and sometimes even a retainer fee. Additionally, all travel and lodging expenses will be paid for by the bail agency once the bounty has been returned to the agency. That is the most important part of the whole ordeal, the bounty must be returned to the agency before the statute of limitations expires or else you will not get paid for your work. Lastly, some bail agents choose to hunt down bail jumpers themselves so they don’t have to pay some of their own commission (bail agents are paid in commission off of the bail that their clients pay to the bail agency) in order to retrieve the bounty. This means that bail agents will get a higher percentage commission than either of the previous two bounty hunters because they work in-house and save the company the extra expense of hiring outside bounty hunters. FIND SCHOOLS
Sponsored Content
Bounty Hunter Job Outlook
This dependency on commission means that sometimes you can go weeks without a paycheck and sometimes you can capture a single bounty and get thousands of dollars. Because of this, bounty hunter job outlook for someone who strictly performs bounty hunting can be inconsistent. Those who manage their businesses well can effectively navigate the financial aspect of this feast or famine effect. The number of bail jumpers has remained at a fairly constant level and it is unlikely that the industry will grow substantially in the future. Additionally, the industry is at an all time employment high due to interest being generated by Dog the Bounty Hunter and such employment influx means that bounty hunting is becoming a highly competitive field.
|
http://www.criminaljusticeschoolinfo.com/bounty-hunter-salary.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602399090#6_888609411
|
Title:
Headings: Critical Thinking
Critical
Thinking
ConCepts
and
tools
By
Dr.
Richard
Paul
and
Dr.
Linda
Elder
The
Foundation
for
Critical
Thinking
www.criticalthinking.org
707-878-9100
[email protected]
Why
A
Critical
Thinking
Mini-Guide?
Contents
Why
Critical
Thinking?
The
Problem:
Definition:
The
Result:
Point
of
View
Assumptions
Concepts
Purpose
Question
at
issue
Information
Interpretation
and
inference
Used
With
Sensitivity
to
Universal
Intellectual
Standards
Th
e
STa
n
da
r
dS
Th
e
el
e
m
e
nT
S
InTe
l
l
e
cTua
l
Tr
aI
T
S
Content: Critical
thinking
is
the
art
of
analyzing
and
evaluating
thinking
with
a
view
to
improving
it. The
Result: well
cultivated
critical
thinker: raises
vital
questions
and
problems,
formulating
them
clearly
and
precisely; gathers
and
assesses
relevant
information,
using
abstract
ideas
to
interpret
it
effectively; comes
to
well-reasoned
conclusions
and
solutions,
testing
them
against
relevant
criteria
and
standards; thinks
openmindedly
within
alternative
systems
of
thought,
recognizing
and
assessing,
as
need
be,
their
assumptions,
implications,
and
practical
consequences; and
communicates
effectively
with
others
in
figuring
out
solutions
to
complex
problems. Critical
thinking
is,
in
short,
self-directed,
self-disciplined,
self-monitored,
and
self-corrective
thinking. It
requires
rigorous
standards
of
excellence
and
mindful
command
of
their
use.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/files/Concepts_Tools.pdf
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602441742#0_888666641
|
Title: Critical Thinking and Social Studies
Headings: Critical Thinking and Social Studies
Critical Thinking and Social Studies
Content: Critical Thinking and Social Studies
Print Page Change Text Size: T T T
Critical Thinking and Social Studies
Critical Thinking and the Social Studies Teacher
by Mike Yell
The advance of knowledge has been achieved not because the mind is capable of memorizing what teachers say but because it can be disciplined to ask probing questions and pursue them in a reasoned, self-critical way. Scholars pursuing knowledge submit their thinking to rigorous discipline. ~Richard Paul
One of the most used and highlighted books in my professional library is Critical Thinking: How to Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World by Richard Paul, an international leader in critical thinking movement. We often hear about the need for critical thinking, but we seldom hear sound definitions, or, in my opinion, see comprehensive models that we can apply to what we do in our classrooms. To my mind the works of Richard Paul, and his colleagues Linda Elder Gerald Nosich, and others at the Foundation for Critical Thinking put flesh on the bones of the concept of critical thinking; a concept all too rarely made substantive. While there are many different approaches to, and definitions of, critical thinking, the Paul/Elder view is that critical thinking is the development of discipline organized thinking that monitors itself and is guided by intellectual standards. Further, they hold that reasoning must be at the heart of good teaching, sound learning, and preparation for college, career, and civic life.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-and-social-studies/1137
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602511596#8_888765189
|
Title: Defining Critical Thinking
Headings: Defining Critical Thinking
Defining Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking Defined by Edward Glaser
Content: They work diligently to develop the intellectual virtues of intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual civility, intellectual empathy, intellectual sense of justice and confidence in reason. They realize that no matter how skilled they are as thinkers, they can always improve their reasoning abilities and they will at times fall prey to mistakes in reasoning, human irrationality, prejudices, biases, distortions, uncritically accepted social rules and taboos, self-interest, and vested interest. They strive to improve the world in whatever ways they can and contribute to a more rational, civilized society. At the same time, they recognize the complexities often inherent in doing so. They avoid thinking simplistically about complicated issues and strive to appropriately consider the rights and needs of relevant others. They recognize the complexities in developing as thinkers, and commit themselves to life-long practice toward self-improvement. They embody the Socratic principle: The unexamined life is not worth living , because they realize that many unexamined lives together result in an uncritical, unjust, dangerous world. ~ Linda Elder, September, 2007
Why Critical Thinking? The Problem
Everyone thinks;
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602547329#1_888819551
|
Title: Our Conception of Critical Thinking
Headings: Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Why Critical Thinking?
The Etymology & Dictionary Definition of "Critical Thinking"
Content: Yet, the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be systematically cultivated. A Definition
Critical thinking is that mode of thinking — about any subject, content, or problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. To Analyze Thinking
Identify its purpose, and question at issue, as well as its information, inferences (s), assumptions, implications, main concept (s), and point of view. To Assess Thinking
Check it for clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, significance, logic, and fairness. The Result
A well-cultivated critical thinker:
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602547329#7_888831617
|
Title: Our Conception of Critical Thinking
Headings: Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Why Critical Thinking?
The Etymology & Dictionary Definition of "Critical Thinking"
Content: It involves getting into the habit of reflectively examining our impulsive and accustomed ways of thinking and acting in every dimension of our lives. All that we do, we do on the basis of some motivations or reasons. But we rarely examine our motivations to see if they make sense. We rarely scrutinize our reasons critically to see if they are rationally justified. As consumers we sometimes buy things impulsively and uncritically, without stopping to determine whether we really need what we are inclined to buy or whether we can afford it or whether it’s good for our health or whether the price is competitive. As parents we often respond to our children impulsively and uncritically, without stopping to determine whether our actions are consistent with how we want to act as parents or whether we are contributing to their self esteem or whether we are discouraging them from thinking or from taking responsibility for their own behavior. As citizens, too often we vote impulsively and uncritically, without taking the time to familiarize ourselves with the relevant issues and positions, without thinking about the long-run implications of what is being proposed, without paying attention to how politicians manipulate us by flattery or vague and empty promises. As friends, too often we become the victims of our own infantile needs, "getting involved" with people who bring out the worst in us or who stimulate us to act in ways that we have been trying to change. As husbands or wives, too often we think only of our own desires and points of view, uncritically ignoring the needs and perspectives of our mates, assuming that what we want and what we think is clearly justified and true, and that when they disagree with us they are being unreasonable and unfair. As patients, too often we allow ourselves to become passive and uncritical in our health care, not establishing good habits of eating and exercise, not questioning what our doctor says, not designing or following good plans for our own wellness.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602547329#8_888834103
|
Title: Our Conception of Critical Thinking
Headings: Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Why Critical Thinking?
The Etymology & Dictionary Definition of "Critical Thinking"
Content: As parents we often respond to our children impulsively and uncritically, without stopping to determine whether our actions are consistent with how we want to act as parents or whether we are contributing to their self esteem or whether we are discouraging them from thinking or from taking responsibility for their own behavior. As citizens, too often we vote impulsively and uncritically, without taking the time to familiarize ourselves with the relevant issues and positions, without thinking about the long-run implications of what is being proposed, without paying attention to how politicians manipulate us by flattery or vague and empty promises. As friends, too often we become the victims of our own infantile needs, "getting involved" with people who bring out the worst in us or who stimulate us to act in ways that we have been trying to change. As husbands or wives, too often we think only of our own desires and points of view, uncritically ignoring the needs and perspectives of our mates, assuming that what we want and what we think is clearly justified and true, and that when they disagree with us they are being unreasonable and unfair. As patients, too often we allow ourselves to become passive and uncritical in our health care, not establishing good habits of eating and exercise, not questioning what our doctor says, not designing or following good plans for our own wellness. As teachers, too often we allow ourselves to uncritically teach as we have been taught, giving assignments that students can mindlessly do, inadvertently discouraging their initiative and independence, missing opportunities to cultivate their self-discipline and thoughtfulness. It is quite possible and, unfortunately, quite "natural" to live an unexamined life; to live in a more or less automated, uncritical way. It is possible to live, in other words, without really taking charge of the persons we are becoming; without developing or acting upon the skills and insights we are capable of.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602547329#12_888840916
|
Title: Our Conception of Critical Thinking
Headings: Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Why Critical Thinking?
The Etymology & Dictionary Definition of "Critical Thinking"
Content: what we model for them in and outside the classroom, and how we do each of these things. Of course, we are likely to make critical thinking a basic value in school only insofar as we make it a basic value in our own lives. Therefore, to become adept at teaching so as to foster critical thinking, we must become committed to thinking critically and reflectively about our own lives and the lives of those around us. We must become active, daily, practitioners of critical thought. We must regularly model for our students what it is to reflectively examine, critically assess, and effectively improve the way we live. Critical thinking is that mode of thinking — about any subject, content, or problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. Back to top
Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602547329#13_888842702
|
Title: Our Conception of Critical Thinking
Headings: Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking
Why Critical Thinking?
The Etymology & Dictionary Definition of "Critical Thinking"
Content: Critical thinking is that mode of thinking — about any subject, content, or problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. Back to top
Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically. They are keenly aware of the inherently flawed nature of human thinking when left unchecked. They strive to diminish the power of their egocentric and sociocentric tendencies. They use the intellectual tools that critical thinking o
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_602594023#7_888926740
|
Title: The National Council for Excellence in Critical Th
Headings: The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking
The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking
A Draft Statement of Principles
Founding Principles
Elements of Thought
Universal Intellectual Standards
Valuable Intellectual Traits
Content: and implications and consequences involved. Critical reading, writing, speaking, and listening are academically essential modes of learning. To be developed generally they must be systematically cultivated in a variety of subject domains as well as with respect to interdisciplinary issues. Each are modes of thinking which are successful to the extent that they are disciplined and guided by critical thought and reflection. The earlier that children develop sensitivity to the standards of sound thought and reasoning, the more likely they will develop desirable intellectual habits and become open-minded persons responsive to reasonable persuasion. Education - in contrast to training, socialization, and indoctrination - implies a process conducive to critical thought and judgment. It is intrinsically committed to the cultivation of reasonability and rationality. History and Philosophy
Critical thinking is integral to education and rationality and, as an idea, is traceable, ultimately, to the teaching practices — and the educational ideal implicit in them — of Socrates of ancient Greece. It has played a seminal role in the emergence of academic disciplines, as well as in the work of discovery of those who created them. Knowledge, in other words, has been discovered and verified by the distinguished critical thinkers of intellectual, scientific, and technological history.
|
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-council-for-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_609120935#3_899926625
|
Title: Cyber Crime – Types & Preventive Measures
Headings: Cyber Crime
Cyber Crime
Types of Cyber Crimes
Causes of Cyber Crime
History of Cyber Crime
Cyber Crime in Modern Society
Categories of Cyber Crime
How to Tackle Cyber Crime
Content: There are even peer sharing websites which encourage software piracy and many of these websites are now being targeted by the FBI. Today, the justice system is addressing this cyber crime and there are laws that prevent people from illegal downloading. Cyber Stalking: This is a kind of online harassment wherein the victim is subjected to a barrage of online messages and emails. Typically, these stalkers know their victims and instead of resorting to offline stalking, they use the Internet to stalk. However, if they notice that cyber stalking is not having the desired effect, they begin offline stalking along with cyber stalking to make the victims’ lives more miserable. Identity Theft: This has become a major problem with people using the Internet for cash transactions and banking services. In this cyber crime, a criminal accesses data about a person’s bank account, credit cards, Social Security, debit card and other sensitive information to siphon money or to buy things online in the victim’s name. It can result in major financial losses for the victim and even spoil the victim’s credit history.
|
http://www.crossdomainsolutions.com/cyber-crime/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_620562554#0_918661921
|
Title: Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption | CR Vitality
Headings:
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
Top Vitamin B12 supplements & buyer’s guide
To help you quickly decide on the best option for you:
#1. Sublingual Vitamin B12 (5000 mcg) for maximum absorption (suitable for vegans)
See reviews and the current price.
#2. Sublingual Vitamin B12 (1000 mcg) Chewable Lozenges by Natural Health Goodies (suitable for vegans)
See reviews and the current price.
#3. One Naturals Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin (500 mcg) – 100 tablets (suitable for vegans)
#4. Now Foods B-12 10,000 mcg Energy Boost – 10,000 mcg
How much B12 do you need?
Recommended Daily Allowance for B12
Different forms of B12
What if you have stomach problems?
Who is at risk of developing a deficiency?
Content: Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption | CR Vitality
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
Vitamins & Minerals
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
by Matt . Disclosure: This article may contain affiliate links. If you decide to make a purchase, I may make a small commission at no extra cost to you. 0 shares
Facebook
Choosing the best B12 supplement can be a bit confusing for a lot of people. There are so many of them, and they go by different names and different forms. In this article, I’ll help you choose the best and most absorbable form of vitamin B12 to help boost your energy and prevent a deficiency. Vitamin B12 isn’t something most people think about that often, but some people are at a greater risk of developing a deficiency and serious health complications if not corrected. Fortunately, even if you have trouble absorbing B12 because of your diet, lifestyle, illness or medications, there are supplements which can bypass the stomach entirely and go straight into the bloodstream. People who most often require vitamin B12 are those on a vegetarian or vegan diet.
|
http://www.crvitality.com/2018/04/best-form-of-vitamin-b12-for-absorption/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_620562554#1_918664123
|
Title: Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption | CR Vitality
Headings:
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
Best Form of Vitamin B12 to Take for Absorption
Top Vitamin B12 supplements & buyer’s guide
To help you quickly decide on the best option for you:
#1. Sublingual Vitamin B12 (5000 mcg) for maximum absorption (suitable for vegans)
See reviews and the current price.
#2. Sublingual Vitamin B12 (1000 mcg) Chewable Lozenges by Natural Health Goodies (suitable for vegans)
See reviews and the current price.
#3. One Naturals Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin (500 mcg) – 100 tablets (suitable for vegans)
#4. Now Foods B-12 10,000 mcg Energy Boost – 10,000 mcg
How much B12 do you need?
Recommended Daily Allowance for B12
Different forms of B12
What if you have stomach problems?
Who is at risk of developing a deficiency?
Content: There are so many of them, and they go by different names and different forms. In this article, I’ll help you choose the best and most absorbable form of vitamin B12 to help boost your energy and prevent a deficiency. Vitamin B12 isn’t something most people think about that often, but some people are at a greater risk of developing a deficiency and serious health complications if not corrected. Fortunately, even if you have trouble absorbing B12 because of your diet, lifestyle, illness or medications, there are supplements which can bypass the stomach entirely and go straight into the bloodstream. People who most often require vitamin B12 are those on a vegetarian or vegan diet. These supplements are suitable for everyone, just follow the instruction on the bottle. Top Vitamin B12 supplements & buyer’s guide
To help you quickly decide on the best option for you: If you have problems absorbing B12 and are older than 60 – Choose the sublingual methylcobalamin form of B12. If you have young and want to maintain B12 levels but have no absorption issues – Cyanocobalamin would be suitable. #1.
|
http://www.crvitality.com/2018/04/best-form-of-vitamin-b12-for-absorption/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_624165368#0_924548279
|
Title:
Headings:
The Byzantine Empire
The Term "Byzantine Empire"
Early History
Hagia Sophia
The Fight for Survival
Golden Era
End of Empire
Byzantine Art
Image Veneration
The Iconoclastic Crisis
Macedonian Renaissance
Spread of Byzantine Art
Mosaics and Frescoes
Illuminated Manuscripts
Ivories and Enamels
Byzantine Architecture
Basilicas
Greek Cross Churches
Byzantine Monastry, Jerusalem
Byzantine Clothing
Legacy and Importance
Content: Byzantine Empire - Crystalinks
The Byzantine Empire
The Roman-Byzantine Period
The Byzantine Empire was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium. Initially the eastern half of the Roman Empire (often called the Eastern Roman Empire in this context), it survived the 5th century fragmentation and collapse of the Western Roman Empire and continued to thrive, existing for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms applied in later centuries; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306-337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople ("City of Constantine") and Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Under Theodosius I (r. 379-395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed.
|
http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_624165368#1_924550384
|
Title:
Headings:
The Byzantine Empire
The Term "Byzantine Empire"
Early History
Hagia Sophia
The Fight for Survival
Golden Era
End of Empire
Byzantine Art
Image Veneration
The Iconoclastic Crisis
Macedonian Renaissance
Spread of Byzantine Art
Mosaics and Frescoes
Illuminated Manuscripts
Ivories and Enamels
Byzantine Architecture
Basilicas
Greek Cross Churches
Byzantine Monastry, Jerusalem
Byzantine Clothing
Legacy and Importance
Content: its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306-337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople ("City of Constantine") and Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Under Theodosius I (r. 379-395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610-641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. In summation, Byzantium is distinguished from ancient Rome proper insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism. The borders of the Empire evolved a great deal over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582-602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilized.
|
http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_641214450#1_950033429
|
Title: Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average - CSMonitor.com
Headings: Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average
Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average
June 25, 2012
Washington
Biden, Warnock, and the resurgence of the liberal Christian
Content: To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later. 0:00
0:00
0:00 / 1:15
Live
•
About video ads
Peter Morgan/AP/File
In this 2011 photo, a cyclist makes his way past a stranded taxi on a flooded New York City street as Tropical Storm Irene passes through the city. From Cape Hatteras, N.C., to just north of Boston, sea levels are rising much faster than they are around the globe, putting one of the world's most costly coasts in danger of flooding, according to a new study published Sunday. June 25, 2012
By Seth Borenstein Associated Press
Washington
Sea levels are rising much faster along the U.S. East Coast than they are around the globe, putting one of the world's most costly coasts in danger of flooding, government researchers report. U.S. Geological Survey scientists call the 600-mile (965-kilometer) swath a "hot spot" for climbing sea levels caused by global warming. Along the region, the Atlantic Ocean is rising at an annual rate three times to four times faster than the global average since 1990, according to the study published Sunday in the journal Nature Climate Change. It's not just a faster rate, but at a faster pace, like a car on a highway "jamming on the accelerator," said the study's lead author, Asbury Sallenger Jr., an oceanographer at the agency. He looked at sea levels starting in 1950, and noticed a change beginning in 1990.
|
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0625/Sea-levels-rising-on-US-East-Coast-much-faster-than-global-average-video
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_641214450#2_950035557
|
Title: Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average - CSMonitor.com
Headings: Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average
Sea levels rising on US East Coast much faster than global average
June 25, 2012
Washington
Biden, Warnock, and the resurgence of the liberal Christian
Content: June 25, 2012
By Seth Borenstein Associated Press
Washington
Sea levels are rising much faster along the U.S. East Coast than they are around the globe, putting one of the world's most costly coasts in danger of flooding, government researchers report. U.S. Geological Survey scientists call the 600-mile (965-kilometer) swath a "hot spot" for climbing sea levels caused by global warming. Along the region, the Atlantic Ocean is rising at an annual rate three times to four times faster than the global average since 1990, according to the study published Sunday in the journal Nature Climate Change. It's not just a faster rate, but at a faster pace, like a car on a highway "jamming on the accelerator," said the study's lead author, Asbury Sallenger Jr., an oceanographer at the agency. He looked at sea levels starting in 1950, and noticed a change beginning in 1990. Since then, sea levels have gone up globally about 2 inches (5 centimeters). But in Norfolk, Virginia, where officials are scrambling to fight more frequent flooding, sea level has jumped a total of 4.8 inches (12.19 centimeters), the research showed. For Philadelphia, levels went up 3.7 inches (9.4 centimeters), and in New York City, it was 2.8 inches (7.11 centimeters). Climate change pushes up sea levels by melting ice sheets in Greenland and west Antarctica, and because warmer water expands. Biden, Warnock, and the resurgence of the liberal Christian
Computer models long have projected higher levels along parts of the East Coast because of changes in ocean currents from global warming, but this is the first study to show that's already happened.
|
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0625/Sea-levels-rising-on-US-East-Coast-much-faster-than-global-average-video
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_642770848#7_953685719
|
Title: CSOM Publications
Headings: Introduction
Content: While some sex offenders may display behavior and characteristics that are similar to other types of criminal offenders (e.g., a lack of education; unstable employment and residence; drug and alcohol problems that interfere with daily life; frequent altercations with families, friends, and strangers; and an overall resistance to authority figures), the majority of them do not have extensive criminal histories or "traditional" criminal lifestyles. A study of sex offenders conducted in 1994 in the state of Oregon found that the "typical" sex offender is male, a high school graduate, and more likely than other criminal offenders to be employed. In addition, the majority of sex offenders have probably not been under correctional supervision previously and most have an established social support group in the community. The Oregon study also confirmed that unlike other offenders who tend to "age out" of their criminal behavior as they grow older, many sex offenders continue to abuse throughout their lifetimes. Finally, the study revealed that sex offenders frequently score in the low range on traditional correctional risk assessment instruments, as these instruments do not address many of the areas that are indicators of risk for sex offenders. 3
A Shift in Perspective:
|
http://www.csom.org/pubs/supervision2.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_642841081#2_953702185
|
Title: An Overview of Sex Offender Treatment for a Non-Clinical Audience: A Training Curriculum
Headings: CENTER FOR SEX OFFENDER MANAGEMENT
CENTER FOR SEX OFFENDER MANAGEMENT
An Overview of Sex Offender Treatment for a Non–Clinical Audience
A Training Curriculum
A Project of the Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice
Short Version
Section 5: An Overview of Sex Offender Treatment for a Non–Clinical Audience
What to Look for in a Treatment Provider
10 Minutes
TOPIC: LACK OF STANDARDIZED CERTIFICATION OR OTHER CREDENTIALING IN MOST JURISDICTIONS
(5 Minutes)
Use Slide #2: Lack of Standardization
Use Slide #3: What to Look For in the Absence of Defined Standards
What to Look for in the Absence of Standards
Slide #4 and Slide #5: ATSA Suggests Specialized Training
Helpful Guidance from the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers
Use Slide #6: Other ATSA Requirements for Treatment Providers
Slide #7 and Slide #8: Ethical Treatment Practice
Use Slide #9: Sex Offender Treatment Providers as Collaborative Partners
Sex Offender Treatment Providers as Collaborative Partners
Content: Sinclair, 1998). Some states, including Colorado, Illinois, Texas, Virginia, and Washington, certify or otherwise regulate sex offender treatment providers. In these states, to become certified or licensed as sex offender treatment providers, mental health clinicians must obtain specific academic training, clinical experience, continuing education, and commit to specified ethical standards. What to Look for in the Absence of Standards
How do you know what to look for in a treatment provider if you are from a state that has no such regulations? Most community–based sex offender treatment providers have graduate degrees in such fields as social work, counseling, and psychology. 1 Some have doctoral degrees, and a few are M.D.’s (psychiatrists). There are not, however, any mainstream degree–granting programs that train students to treat sex offenders. As we’ve discussed in an earlier section, working with sex offenders typically involves working with individuals who do not want to be treated, at least initially. And many of them are very manipulative. Furthermore, there are specific skills and knowledge that are utilized with these individuals that typically are not used with other types of clients.
|
http://www.csom.org/train/treatment/short/05/5_2.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_643193922#4_954404317
|
Title: The Presidency and the Bureaucracy
Headings:
The Executive Branch
The President and the Bureaucracy
Foundations of the Modern Presidency
The Electoral College
Removal of the President
Organization of the Presidency
Bureaucracy
Content: � Over the course of American history, the president�s constitutional powers have been extended in practice beyond the intentions of the Founding Fathers. � Though only Congress can declare war, presidents have made war by sending troops into military action. � Presidents have power over U.S. diplomacy and have surpassed Congress in functioning as the principle architect of foreign policy, using executive agreements as a device to bypass the Senate�s formal treaty making authority. � Even the president�s authority to appoint administrators and the execute laws has exceeded the vision of the Founding Fathers. � The power to execute laws enables presidents to determine how laws will be interpreted and applied. � Presidents possess legislative authority not only to use the veto but also to recommend proposals to Congress. � For all these reasons, a more activist presidency has evolved during the modern era. Your textbook discusses reasons why presidential powers have evolved over time. � There are three key theories of presidential power that account for this, as well as a historical progression of expansion of power at the federal level: 1) The Whig theory of presidential power holds that the presidency is a limited or constrained office whose occupant was confined to the exercise of expressly granted constitutional authority.
|
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/personal/williams/lecture-notes-unit-3-us-online.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_643193922#5_954406169
|
Title: The Presidency and the Bureaucracy
Headings:
The Executive Branch
The President and the Bureaucracy
Foundations of the Modern Presidency
The Electoral College
Removal of the President
Organization of the Presidency
Bureaucracy
Content: � Presidents possess legislative authority not only to use the veto but also to recommend proposals to Congress. � For all these reasons, a more activist presidency has evolved during the modern era. Your textbook discusses reasons why presidential powers have evolved over time. � There are three key theories of presidential power that account for this, as well as a historical progression of expansion of power at the federal level: 1) The Whig theory of presidential power holds that the presidency is a limited or constrained office whose occupant was confined to the exercise of expressly granted constitutional authority. � Most of the early presidents of this country followed this theory in how they exercised the power of the presidency. 2) The stewardship theory of presidential power calls for a strong, assertive presidential role that, in the words of Theodore Roosevelt, directs the president �to do anything that the needs of the Nation demanded unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by the laws. �� Most presidents since the turn of the 20th Century have been more of this model than previous presidents. 3) The prerogative theory of presidential power, which is not mentioned in the text, carries the role of the president into more assertive and aggressive areas, often going outside the Constitution and the nation�s laws. � This theory of �paramount necessity� as defined by Abraham Lincoln and used by Franklin Roosevelt and Richard Nixon pushes the direction of the presidential exercise of power into imperial or dictatorial areas, raising legal and ethical questions regarding its use.
|
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/personal/williams/lecture-notes-unit-3-us-online.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_643193922#6_954408303
|
Title: The Presidency and the Bureaucracy
Headings:
The Executive Branch
The President and the Bureaucracy
Foundations of the Modern Presidency
The Electoral College
Removal of the President
Organization of the Presidency
Bureaucracy
Content: � Most of the early presidents of this country followed this theory in how they exercised the power of the presidency. 2) The stewardship theory of presidential power calls for a strong, assertive presidential role that, in the words of Theodore Roosevelt, directs the president �to do anything that the needs of the Nation demanded unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by the laws. �� Most presidents since the turn of the 20th Century have been more of this model than previous presidents. 3) The prerogative theory of presidential power, which is not mentioned in the text, carries the role of the president into more assertive and aggressive areas, often going outside the Constitution and the nation�s laws. � This theory of �paramount necessity� as defined by Abraham Lincoln and used by Franklin Roosevelt and Richard Nixon pushes the direction of the presidential exercise of power into imperial or dictatorial areas, raising legal and ethical questions regarding its use. � Food for thought: Do you consider the presidency of George W. Bush to be of this type? 4) Originally the states were very strong in the new republic and the United States was not always an international power. � Expansion of the federal government�s policymaking role, the evolution of a large and active government, and the broader national and international responsibilities of the United States require strong leadership from presidents. 5) Because of the president�s constitutional authority as chief diplomat and military commander plus the special demands of foreign policy leadership, the president, not Congress, has taken the lead in addressing the United States� increased responsibilities in the world.
|
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/personal/williams/lecture-notes-unit-3-us-online.htm
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_645187333#16_958001952
|
Title:
Headings:
Content: 4. The Third-Party Buyer Effect
"No, thank you, I don't want a cocktail. Oh, they're free? Then I'll have
two!" This is the third-party buyer effect. Whenever goods and services
are provided at zero cost to the buyer, consumption of that thing is likely
to rise dramatically unless limited in some other way. Examples: When Canada first socialized its health care system, doctors' offices were
flooded with patients seeking treatment for the most minor of illnesses
(real and imagined), and doctors sent inflated bills to the government. Eventually, the government sought to limit this practice by placing ceilings
on the prices doctors could charge, expecting that doctors would then start
limiting the number of patients they saw. Instead, doctors avoided the
price controls by decreasing the length of doctor visits and having patients
visit more often (because the price controls were set on a per-visit basis).
|
http://www.csun.edu/%7Edgw61315/aboutecon.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_645348258#5_958199735
|
Title:
Headings: Mexican California: The Heyday of the Ranchos
Mexican
California:
The
Heyday
of
the
Ranchos
Life
in
Mexican
California
Mexican
Independence
Secularization
of
the
Missions
Dividing
the
Spoils
The
Rancho
Elite
Native
American
Serfs
Provincial
Autonomy
Trading
Hides
and
Tallow
Bull
and
Bear
Fights
California
Wedding
Harbingers
of
Change
Sea-Otter
Hunters
Jedediah
and
the
Beaver
Richard
Henry
Dana
The
Donner
Party
The
Jones
Incident
Mexican
American
War
The
Bear
Flag
Revolt
Lances
at
San
Pascual
Treaty
and
Transfer
Content: "Viva
la
independencia
Mexicana!" Secularization
of
the
Missions
The
missions
of
California,
like
the
missions
on
all
Spanish
colonial
frontiers,
were
intended
to
be
temporary
institutions. When
the
work
of
Christianization
and
acculturation
was
finished,
the
missionaries
were
to
be
replaced
by
secular
clergy
and
the
mission
lands
distributed
among
the
former
neophytes. This
process
was
known
as
secularization. Following
the
establishment
of
Mexican
independence
in
1821,
demands
for
the
secularization
of
the
missions
intensified. The
constitution
of
the
Republic
of
Mexico
endorsed
the
equality
of
all
Mexicans
regardless
of
race. Mexican
liberals
concluded
that
the
missions--which
denied
basic
liberties
to
the
Indians--
were
unconstitutional. The
Indians
themselves
were
becoming
increasingly
restive
under
mission
rule. A
coordinated
revolt
broke
out
in
1824
among
Chumash
neophytes
at
three
of
the
missions
along
the
Santa
Barbara
Channel. Meanwhile,
Native-
born
Californios
saw
the
missions
as
an
obstacle
to
the
economic
development
of
the
province;
|
http://www.csun.edu/%7Esg4002/courses/417/readings/mexican.pdf
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_645348258#6_958202421
|
Title:
Headings: Mexican California: The Heyday of the Ranchos
Mexican
California:
The
Heyday
of
the
Ranchos
Life
in
Mexican
California
Mexican
Independence
Secularization
of
the
Missions
Dividing
the
Spoils
The
Rancho
Elite
Native
American
Serfs
Provincial
Autonomy
Trading
Hides
and
Tallow
Bull
and
Bear
Fights
California
Wedding
Harbingers
of
Change
Sea-Otter
Hunters
Jedediah
and
the
Beaver
Richard
Henry
Dana
The
Donner
Party
The
Jones
Incident
Mexican
American
War
The
Bear
Flag
Revolt
Lances
at
San
Pascual
Treaty
and
Transfer
Content: The
constitution
of
the
Republic
of
Mexico
endorsed
the
equality
of
all
Mexicans
regardless
of
race. Mexican
liberals
concluded
that
the
missions--which
denied
basic
liberties
to
the
Indians--
were
unconstitutional. The
Indians
themselves
were
becoming
increasingly
restive
under
mission
rule. A
coordinated
revolt
broke
out
in
1824
among
Chumash
neophytes
at
three
of
the
missions
along
the
Santa
Barbara
Channel. Meanwhile,
Native-
born
Californios
saw
the
missions
as
an
obstacle
to
the
economic
development
of
the
province; they
believed
that
the
missions'
control
of
prime
agricultural
lands
and
the
indigenous
labor
force
retarded
the
growth
of
private
ranches
and
farms. In
1834
Governor
José
Figueroa
issued
a
proclamation
ordering
the
secularization
of
the
California
missions. Dividing
the
Spoils
According
to
the
1834
secularization
proclamation
of
Governor
José
Figueroa,
half
the
property
of
the
California
missions
was
to
be
distributed
to
the
former
mission
Indians. Unfortunately
most
Indians
did
not
receive
any
of
the
mission
lands; those
who
did
rarely
kept
them
for
long.
|
http://www.csun.edu/%7Esg4002/courses/417/readings/mexican.pdf
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_05_647478527#4_960917875
|
Title:
Headings:
Content: (1) The
cash purchase price
(2) Closing costs such as title and
attorney's fees
(3) Real estate brokers’ commissions
(4) Accrued property taxes and other
liens on the land assumed by the purchaser
§
All necessary costs incurred in making land ready for its intended useincrease
(debit) the Land account. §
Land
improvements– Land improvements are structural additions made to land such
as driveways, parking lots, fences, and underground sprinklers. ·
The cost of land improvements includes all
expenditures necessary to make the improvements ready for their intended
use. ·
The cost of a new company parking lot includes
the amount paid for paving, fencing, and lighting. ·
The total of all these costs would be debited to
Land Improvements. ·
Because land improvements have limited useful
lives, their costs are expensed (depreciated) over their useful lives. §
Buildings– Buildings are facilities used in operations, such as stores, offices,
factories, warehouses, and airplane hangers. ·
All necessary expenditures relating to the
purchase or construction of a building are charged to the building account. ·
When a building is purchased, such costs
include the purchase price, closing costs (attorney's fees, title insurance,
etc.), and real estate broker's commissions.
|
http://www.csun.edu/~nrd36607/files/chap09.htm
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.