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msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_297819609#0_618206610	Title: Roe v. Wade - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background The majority decision Dissenting opinion Understanding Roe v. Wade Right to privacy interpretation Trimester concept References Other websites Content: Roe v. Wade - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Roe v. Wade From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Roe v. Wade Seal of the United States Supreme Court Argued December 13, 1971 Reargued October 11, 1972 Decided January 22, 1973 Full case name Jane Roe, et al. v. Henry Wade, District Attorney of Dallas County Citation 410 U.S. 113 (1973) Decision State laws that make abortions illegal violate women's due process rights Case opinions Majority Justice Blackmun, joined by Justices Burger, Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, & Powell Concurring Justices Burger, Douglas, & Stewart Dissenting Justices White and Rehnquist Laws applied 14 th Amendment; Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Articles 1191-94, 1196 v t e Roe v. Wade was a 1971 - 1973 landmark decision by the US Supreme Court. The court ruled that a state law that banned abortions (except to save the life of the mother) was unconstitutional. The ruling made abortion legal in many circumstances. The decision said that a woman's right to privacy extended to the fetus / unborn child she was carrying. In the view of the court, during the first trimester an abortion was no more dangerous than carrying the fetus/child full term. The decision was 7-2, with Chief Justice Warren E. Burger and six other Justices voting for " Jane Roe ", and Justices William Rehnquist and Byron White voting against it. The decision divided the nation and is still controversial today. People divided into pro-life and pro-choice groups.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_297819609#3_618212522	Title: Roe v. Wade - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background The majority decision Dissenting opinion Understanding Roe v. Wade Right to privacy interpretation Trimester concept References Other websites Content: In 1970 a pregnant Texas woman, Norma McCorvey ( alias Jane Roe), brought a lawsuit against Henry Wade, Dallas County District Attorney, in a Texas federal court. Alleging she was a single woman and pregnant, McCorvey wanted to terminate her pregnancy. She wanted it done safely by a doctor but said she could not afford to travel outside of Texas. She could not get a legal abortion in Texas because her life was not in danger. Her lawsuit claimed that the Texas law violated her right to privacy, protected by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Roe added she sued "on behalf of herself and all other women" in the same situation. The case slowly made its way to the US Supreme Court. Meanwhile, McCorvey had her baby and placed it for adoption. The majority decision In a 7-2 decision, the court held that a woman's right to an abortion was protected by her right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision allowed a woman to decide whether to keep or abort the fetus/unborn child during the first trimester.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_297819609#4_618214079	Title: Roe v. Wade - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background The majority decision Dissenting opinion Understanding Roe v. Wade Right to privacy interpretation Trimester concept References Other websites Content: Roe added she sued "on behalf of herself and all other women" in the same situation. The case slowly made its way to the US Supreme Court. Meanwhile, McCorvey had her baby and placed it for adoption. The majority decision In a 7-2 decision, the court held that a woman's right to an abortion was protected by her right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision allowed a woman to decide whether to keep or abort the fetus/unborn child during the first trimester. This affected the laws of 46 states. Justice Harry Blackmun wrote the majority opinion. “ We … acknowledge our awareness of the sensitive and emotional nature of the abortion controversy, of the vigorous opposing views, even among physicians, and of the deep and seemingly absolute convictions that the subject inspires.” — Justice Blackmun (1973). Dissenting opinion The dissenting opinion was written by Justice William Rehnquist.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_297819609#5_618215518	Title: Roe v. Wade - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background The majority decision Dissenting opinion Understanding Roe v. Wade Right to privacy interpretation Trimester concept References Other websites Content: This affected the laws of 46 states. Justice Harry Blackmun wrote the majority opinion. “ We … acknowledge our awareness of the sensitive and emotional nature of the abortion controversy, of the vigorous opposing views, even among physicians, and of the deep and seemingly absolute convictions that the subject inspires.” — Justice Blackmun (1973). Dissenting opinion The dissenting opinion was written by Justice William Rehnquist. He objected to the majority decision giving several reasons. He first pointed out there was no legitimate plaintiff in the case and that was a requirement to hear the case. A legitimate plaintiff would be a woman in her first trimester of her pregnancy at some point while the case was being tried. McCorvey (Jane Roe) did not fit that qualification and so the ruling had no application to the case. The court recognized a woman's right to abortion under the general "right to privacy from previous cases.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_298802068#0_619965302	Title: Same-sex marriage in the United States - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Same-sex marriage in the United States Same-sex marriage in the United States Content: Same-sex marriage in the United States - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Same-sex marriage in the United States From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Same-sex marriage became legal in all 50 states on June 26, 2015. Status of same-sex marriage in the United States in 2019 Performed Recognized but not performed Not recognized (mixed jurisdiction; not recognized by tribal government) (mixed jurisdiction; not performed by tribal government) Same-sex marriage is recognized in all of the United States. As of May 2014, same-sex marriage was legal in 19 states: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. It was also legal in Washington, D.C.. On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is legal in all states, because of the 14th Amendment. The movement to give marriage rights and benefits to homosexual couples in the United States began in the 1970s. It grew in United States politics around 1993 when the Supreme Court of Hawaii declared the prohibition in that state to be unconstitutional. It was not until around the 21st century that public support for same-sex marriage began growing.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_298802068#1_619967057	Title: Same-sex marriage in the United States - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Same-sex marriage in the United States Same-sex marriage in the United States Content: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. It was also legal in Washington, D.C.. On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is legal in all states, because of the 14th Amendment. The movement to give marriage rights and benefits to homosexual couples in the United States began in the 1970s. It grew in United States politics around 1993 when the Supreme Court of Hawaii declared the prohibition in that state to be unconstitutional. It was not until around the 21st century that public support for same-sex marriage began growing. On May 9, 2012, Barack Obama was the first President to declare public support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. On June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional (see United States v. Windsor ). That section prevented the federal government from recognizing marriages other than marriages between one man and one woman. This short article about the United States can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_302502104#0_627296186	Title: Sulfonamide (drug) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Sulfonamide (drug) Sulfonamide (drug) Contents How they work History How they are made References Content: Sulfonamide (drug) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sulfonamide (drug) From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Sulfonamide functional group Structural similarity between sulfonamide (left) and PABA (center) is the basis for the inhibitory activity of sulfa drugs on dihydrofolate (right) biosynthesis A Sulfonamide (or sulphonamide) is a kind of drug. It is a man-made antibiotic. Their ability to kill infectious bacteria is their main function, but some types have other medical uses. For example, sulfasalazine, in addition to its use as an antibiotic, is also used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Sulfonamides (sometimes called sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) contain the sulfonamide chemical group. The best known of the antibiotic sulfonamide drugs is called Sulfanilimide . Contents 1 How they work 2 History 3 How they are made 4 References How they work In bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides inhibit the enzyme DHPS. The enzyme makes folic acid, a B vitamin. The microorganism is "starved" of folate and dies. Humans, unlike bacteria, get folate (vitamin B 9) through their diet.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonamide_(drug)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_302502104#5_627303786	Title: Sulfonamide (drug) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Sulfonamide (drug) Sulfonamide (drug) Contents How they work History How they are made References Content: They are credited with saving the lives of tens of thousands of patients, including Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (son of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt) (in 1936) and Winston Churchill. Sulfa had a central role in preventing wound infections during the war. American soldiers were issued a first-aid kit containing sulfa pills and powder, and were told to sprinkle the powder on any open wound. Many thousands of molecules containing the sulfanilamide structure have been created since its discovery (by one account, over 5,400 permutations by 1945). They have greater effectiveness and less toxicity. Sulfa drugs are still widely used for conditions such as acne and urinary tract infections. They are back in favour for use on infections caused by bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. How they are made Sulfonamides are prepared by the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine . References ↑ "Sulfonamide Class Antibiotics". ↑ Kent, Michael (2000).	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonamide_(drug)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_302502104#6_627305150	Title: Sulfonamide (drug) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Sulfonamide (drug) Sulfonamide (drug) Contents How they work History How they are made References Content: Sulfa drugs are still widely used for conditions such as acne and urinary tract infections. They are back in favour for use on infections caused by bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. How they are made Sulfonamides are prepared by the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine . References ↑ "Sulfonamide Class Antibiotics". ↑ Kent, Michael (2000). Advanced Biology. Oxford University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-19-914195-1. ↑ Hager, Thomas (2006). "	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonamide_(drug)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_305233682#3_632563971	Title: Treaty of Versailles - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Contents Terms Long-term problems References Other websites Content: The British economist John Maynard Keynes thought that it was a great mistake to force such harsh measures on the German people, but his advice was ignored. Germany set up the democratic Weimar Republic, but it suffered an economic collapse that went with huge inflation of its currency, the Reichsmark . Adolf Hitler became the German chancellor and got rid of the treaty. His actions would eventually lead to World War II . Contents 1 Terms 2 Long-term problems 3 References 4 Other websites Terms Germany 1919 map according Versailles Treaty Germany had to give back Alsace-Lorraine. France was still embarrassed that Germany had been taken during the Franco-Prussian War. The French also made Germany take its troops out of the Rhineland, the long stretch of land on Germany's border with France with the Rhine River, which was important since Germany had many factories and businesses there. If German troops returned the Rhineland, the treaty allowed the French were to invade Germany. Germany also had to give parts to Poland, a country made out of Russian and Austrian parts and the Polish and Lithuanian people who lived in them. Poland had been a big kingdom a few hundred years earlier, but Austria, Prussia and Russia, during the Partitions of Poland, taken parts of the kingdom and ended its existence.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_305735608#2_633665888	Title: Tyrant - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Tyrant Tyrant Content: In the 10th and 9th centuries BC, Ancient Greece was ruled by monarchs. By the 7th century BC, they were ruled by groups of aristocrats. These aristocrats started to become unpopular. This gave cruel people the chance to get power for themselves, telling the people that they would be good rulers, but turning bad once they got power. Around 650 BC the tyrant Cypselus became powerful in Corinth. There were other tyrants in the Asiatic countries that were ruled by Greece. Cypselus’s son Periander was also a cruel tyrant who ruled for 40 years. The tyranny in Corinth came to an end after he died. Retrieved from " https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrant&oldid=5538322 " Categories: Politics Ancient Greece Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Page Talk Variants Views Read Change Change source View history More	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_306839432#34_635323400	Title: Unter uns - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Unter uns Unter uns Characters Main roles Former main roles Content: she goes with Felix Westermann on a world trip Marco Girnth Sven Rusinek 1995–1998 She goes to South Africa Tatiani Katrantzi Jennifer "Jenny" Turner 1994–1998 Maurice Karl † Sebastian Sandmann 1997–1998 1st performer of this role Bodo Frank Marc Albrecht 1994–1998 Son of Regina and Joachim; brother of Alexander; half-brother of Claire; husband of Céline; he leaves Cologne with his wife. Sebastian Winkler Sebastian Sandmann 1998–1999 2nd performer of this role Son of Andreas; brother of Gregor; he goes to a boarding school to Scotland Ralf Komorr Andreas Sandmann † 1997–1999 Verena Zimmermann Jessica Falkenberg † 1997–1999 Vanessa Glinka Alexandra „Alexa“ Falkenberg 1997–1999 Eric Benz Nick Weigel, adopt., née. Neuhaus 1997–1999 Wolfram Grandezka Dr. Roman Klingenberg 1998–2000 Isabel Florido Ilona „Lona Dee“ Dertinger 1995–2000 Arnold Dammann Viktor Falkenberg † 1997–2000 André Dietz Gregor Sandmann 1997–2000 Thorsten Feller Kai Fleming 1998–2000 Diana Staehly Susanne „Sue“ Sommerfeld 1998–2000 Eve Scheer Sarah Foster, née.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unter_uns
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_306839432#35_635324976	Title: Unter uns - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Unter uns Unter uns Characters Main roles Former main roles Content: Sebastian Winkler Sebastian Sandmann 1998–1999 2nd performer of this role Son of Andreas; brother of Gregor; he goes to a boarding school to Scotland Ralf Komorr Andreas Sandmann † 1997–1999 Verena Zimmermann Jessica Falkenberg † 1997–1999 Vanessa Glinka Alexandra „Alexa“ Falkenberg 1997–1999 Eric Benz Nick Weigel, adopt., née. Neuhaus 1997–1999 Wolfram Grandezka Dr. Roman Klingenberg 1998–2000 Isabel Florido Ilona „Lona Dee“ Dertinger 1995–2000 Arnold Dammann Viktor Falkenberg † 1997–2000 André Dietz Gregor Sandmann 1997–2000 Thorsten Feller Kai Fleming 1998–2000 Diana Staehly Susanne „Sue“ Sommerfeld 1998–2000 Eve Scheer Sarah Foster, née. Engel 1999–2001 Michael Evans Thomas „Tom“ Foster 1997–2001 Sylvia Agnes Muc Laura Böhme 1994–2001 Ole Tillmann Jonas Sommerfeld 1999–2001 Tobias Licht Gideon Kern † 2000–2001 Claudia Neidig Claudia Falkenberg 1997–2001 Wayne Carpendale Maximilian „Max“ Pfitzer 2000–2001 Bianca Hein Meike Wagner 2000–2002 Christian Kämpfer Fabian Rose † 2001–2002 Petra Gumpold Isabelle „Belle“ Rose, née. Minz † 2001–2002 Timo Ben Schöfer Stefan Kramer 2000–2003 Gabriele Weinspach Helena Kramer, née. Lasalle 2000–2003 Mario Kristl David Kramer † 2001–2003 Sabine Pfeifer Pauline Pfitzer 1999–2003 Melanie Wichterich Viktoria "Vicky" Kramer 2000–2004 Janis Rattenni Anna Weigel 1994–2004 Thomas Lehmann Dr. Adrian Brahms 2004–2005 Finja Martens Svenja Lindström 2004–2005 Nike Martens Romy Sturm 2003–2005 Tanja Szewczenko Katinka	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unter_uns
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_308908778#0_639363812	Title: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Woodwind instrument Woodwind instrument Use Content: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Woodwind instrument From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search A woodwind instrument is an instrument belonging to the woodwind family. Traditionally they were always made of wood, although some of them are now made of metal or plastic . In an orchestra there are four main types of woodwind instrument. Each of these also has related instruments of different sizes: The piccolo is the highest of the four main instruments. The lowest note is Middle C and it has a range of 3 octaves. The piccolo is the smallest and highest instrument in the orchestra. It plays one octave higher than the flute. There is also an alto flute which sounds a fifth lower than the ordinary flute. Flutes are still sometimes made of wood, but mostly they are metal.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_308908778#2_639365857	Title: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Woodwind instrument Woodwind instrument Use Content: The oboe can play slightly lower than the flute. There is a larger version called the cor anglais (which means: “ English horn”). This is a double reeded instrument. The clarinet plays nearly an octave lower than the flute. The bass clarinet plays an octave lower than the clarinet. The bassoon is the lowest of the four. The recorder is one of the oldest and most popular woodwinds and has been used to great effect by greats, such as Bach, Telemann and Vivaldi. The general public is normally only familiar with the plastic, child's version of the recorder, but professional and high-quality recorders are still made of wood. The saxophone may look like a brass instrument, but it is played like a clarinet and therefore it is a woodwind instrument.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_308908778#3_639366934	Title: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Woodwind instrument Woodwind instrument Use Content: The bass clarinet plays an octave lower than the clarinet. The bassoon is the lowest of the four. The recorder is one of the oldest and most popular woodwinds and has been used to great effect by greats, such as Bach, Telemann and Vivaldi. The general public is normally only familiar with the plastic, child's version of the recorder, but professional and high-quality recorders are still made of wood. The saxophone may look like a brass instrument, but it is played like a clarinet and therefore it is a woodwind instrument. It is usually played in bands and jazz groups. Use Woodwind instruments are played in several ways. The flute is played by blowing across the top of the mouthpiece. It is like blowing across the top of an empty bottle. The oboe and bassoon both have a double reed.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_308908778#4_639368044	Title: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Woodwind instrument Woodwind instrument Use Content: It is usually played in bands and jazz groups. Use Woodwind instruments are played in several ways. The flute is played by blowing across the top of the mouthpiece. It is like blowing across the top of an empty bottle. The oboe and bassoon both have a double reed. It is like blowing through a drinking straw. Bagpipes have double reeds which are inside the mouthpiece (“enclosed reeds”). The clarinet and saxophone have single reeds which are clamped against the opening of the mouthpiece. In comparison, brass instruments are all blown in the same way: by blowing against a cup-shaped mouthpiece.	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_308908778#6_639370056	Title: Woodwind instrument - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Headings: Woodwind instrument Woodwind instrument Use Content: This is why the saxophone cannot be called a brass instrument, although it is made of brass. The way that a player shapes his mouth to blow an instrument is called the “embouchure”. Woodwind instruments have several different embouchures. In an orchestra there may be two each of flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons. In larger orchestras, particularly from the Romantic period onwards, there may be three or four. Sometimes the extra instruments such as the piccolo are used. If, for example, in an orchestral piece the third flute is marked “ doubling piccolo”, it means that the person playing flute 3 will also play the piccolo. However, if the piccolo plays at the same time as flute 3 they will obviously need an extra player for the piccolo part. Woodwind instruments in an orchestra often have short solos. These will be played by the first player (the “section principal”).	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_310497772#0_642338989	Title: The Sacramental Nature of the Ch : simplebooklet.com Headings: Content: The Sacramental Nature of the Ch : simplebooklet.com The Sacramental Nature of the Church Lucas Goetz A sacrament is a sign of grace that Christ gave to us. The word sacrament comes from the Latin word “sacramentum,” meaning “a sign of the sacred.” They are God’s channels for supplying His grace to us human beings. They are very important to the life of the Church. The Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments: Baptism, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick. The more you learn about the sacraments, the more fully you can celebrate them and the more graces you get from them. Chapter 1 Definition of Sacrament Although we don’t always think of it, there are many, many Catholics outside of us here in the United States. We are part of the Western Roman Catholic Church.	https://simplebooklet.com/lucas1999
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_310497772#1_642340085	Title: The Sacramental Nature of the Ch : simplebooklet.com Headings: Content: The Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments: Baptism, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick. The more you learn about the sacraments, the more fully you can celebrate them and the more graces you get from them. Chapter 1 Definition of Sacrament Although we don’t always think of it, there are many, many Catholics outside of us here in the United States. We are part of the Western Roman Catholic Church. There is also the Eastern Catholic Church, who is under the authority of the Pope in Rome, just like us. The Eastern Catholic Church does a lot of things similar to us, but there are some differences. For example: they call sacraments, “mysteries”. They do have a point by calling them this because the sacraments are mysterious.	https://simplebooklet.com/lucas1999
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_312768345#5_648383214	Title: How High Can Commercial Passenger Planes Fly? - Simple Flying Headings: How High Can Commercial Passenger Planes Fly? How High Can Commercial Passenger Planes Fly? Limits set for commercial aircraft Why fly so high? Why don’t aircraft fly higher? Some aircraft can fly higher Justin Hayward Content: For optimal operation, most aircraft will be guided to fly slightly lower than this, typically around 35,000 feet. Why fly so high? There are several reasons why airlines would want to fly their planes at such altitudes. The primary purpose of such operations is to optimize efficiency. At higher altitudes, the air is thinner. This produces less resistance, allowing the aircraft to fly faster using less fuel. Jet engines also operate more efficiently at a higher altitude, as they can be run closer to their maximum capabilities. Flying at higher altitudes can help increase an aircraft’s efficiency. Photo: Jake Hardiman – Simple Flying The exact height chosen for a given flight will also depend on wind conditions.	https://simpleflying.com/how-high-can-commercial-passenger-planes-fly/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_316010485#13_656145323	Title: 11 Best Teas for Sleep - Fighting Insomnia and Anxiety \| Simple Life Mom Headings: 11 Best Teas for Sleep – Fighting Insomnia and Anxiety 11 Best Teas for Sleep – Fighting Insomnia and Anxiety First Things First 11 Best Teas for Sleep 1) Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) 2) Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) 3) Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) 4) Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 5) Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis) 6) Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 7) Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) 8) Spearmint ( Mentha spicata) 9) Linden Leaf ( Tilia cordata) 10) Magnolia Bark ( Magnolia officinalis) 11) St. John’s Wort ( Hypericum perforatum) Content: Find it Here. 9) Linden Leaf ( Tilia cordata) Linden leaf is also used for insomnia, but don’t drink too much or you’ll be up all night needing to pee. Adding a little to your tea before bed is very effective though. It is calming and a mild sedative. Find it Here. 10) Magnolia Bark ( Magnolia officinalis) Magnolia Bark is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. It has been used traditionally against allergies, stress, anxiety, and insomnia. It helps you fall asleep faster, as well as produce more deep sleep and REM. Find it Here. 11) St. John’s Wort ( Hypericum perforatum) St. John’s Wort helps to uplift and calm so you can get better sleep.	https://simplelifemom.com/2018/12/30/best-teas-for-sleep-fighting-insomnia-and-anxiety/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_316698273#4_658519160	Title: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it's NOT - Simple Lionheart Life Headings: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Finding your own version of a minimalist lifestyle What Minimalism Isn’t 8 common misconceptions about minimalism: 1. Minimalism is about getting rid of everything you own 2. Minimalism is so restrictive it makes life harder 3. Minimalism and being frugal are the same things 4. You can’t have collections or hobbies if you are a minimalist 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting 6. You have to follow a certain set of rules or standards to be a true minimalist 7. You can’t be a minimalist if you have kids. Minimalism only works for young, single people 8. Minimalism only applies to your stuff Minimalism is a tool, not the end goal This post was originally published in February 2017. Updated August 2019. Content: At its core, minimalism is being intentional with the way you live your life. Only allowing what aligns with your most important values to take up your space and your time. Finding your own version of a minimalist lifestyle Using this definition, minimalism will look different for everyone. If you ask 100 different people to show you what is minimalism using this definition, you will end up with 100 different pictures of minimalism. What we each value is personal and unique to us. That’s one of the things I love about minimalism, you can create whatever version of minimalism works for you. The only key is that you decide what is most important to you, and then remove anything that doesn’t line up with and support those values. What Minimalism Isn’t There is no one single answer to the question “what is minimalism?” The concept of minimalism is very open to interpretation. Rather than trying to include everything that minimalism IS, it is more helpful to figure out what minimalism is NOT.	https://simplelionheartlife.com/what-is-minimalism/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_316698273#5_658521345	Title: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it's NOT - Simple Lionheart Life Headings: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Finding your own version of a minimalist lifestyle What Minimalism Isn’t 8 common misconceptions about minimalism: 1. Minimalism is about getting rid of everything you own 2. Minimalism is so restrictive it makes life harder 3. Minimalism and being frugal are the same things 4. You can’t have collections or hobbies if you are a minimalist 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting 6. You have to follow a certain set of rules or standards to be a true minimalist 7. You can’t be a minimalist if you have kids. Minimalism only works for young, single people 8. Minimalism only applies to your stuff Minimalism is a tool, not the end goal This post was originally published in February 2017. Updated August 2019. Content: That’s one of the things I love about minimalism, you can create whatever version of minimalism works for you. The only key is that you decide what is most important to you, and then remove anything that doesn’t line up with and support those values. What Minimalism Isn’t There is no one single answer to the question “what is minimalism?” The concept of minimalism is very open to interpretation. Rather than trying to include everything that minimalism IS, it is more helpful to figure out what minimalism is NOT. There are a lot of common misconceptions about minimalism. Ideas that make minimalism seem hard to relate to it, undesirable or out of reach for the average person. By addressing these common misconceptions, I hope to show you that minimalism is attainable for and can benefit anyone. 8 common misconceptions about minimalism: 1.	https://simplelionheartlife.com/what-is-minimalism/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_316698273#15_658541578	Title: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it's NOT - Simple Lionheart Life Headings: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Finding your own version of a minimalist lifestyle What Minimalism Isn’t 8 common misconceptions about minimalism: 1. Minimalism is about getting rid of everything you own 2. Minimalism is so restrictive it makes life harder 3. Minimalism and being frugal are the same things 4. You can’t have collections or hobbies if you are a minimalist 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting 6. You have to follow a certain set of rules or standards to be a true minimalist 7. You can’t be a minimalist if you have kids. Minimalism only works for young, single people 8. Minimalism only applies to your stuff Minimalism is a tool, not the end goal This post was originally published in February 2017. Updated August 2019. Content: Keeping only the supplies you will actually use, rather than stockpiling supplies that are never used. Minimalism is not about depriving yourself of the things you love. That is exactly the opposite of what minimalism really is. The whole point of minimalism is to remove all the excess so you can truly value, see and use the things you love. You get rid of the things you don’t use or love in order to make more room for what you do. 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting While there is a minimalist design aesthetic, often characterized by all-white rooms with little furniture or décor, that doesn’t mean that’s the ONLY way minimalism can look. In fact, minimalism as a lifestyle doesn’t have to look a certain way at all. A minimalist room can also be colorful with books, candles, throw blankets, pillows, etc. Minimalism is when the only things you keep in your space are those that you use often and/or love.	https://simplelionheartlife.com/what-is-minimalism/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_316698273#16_658543713	Title: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it's NOT - Simple Lionheart Life Headings: What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Plus 8 Things it’s NOT What is Minimalism? Finding your own version of a minimalist lifestyle What Minimalism Isn’t 8 common misconceptions about minimalism: 1. Minimalism is about getting rid of everything you own 2. Minimalism is so restrictive it makes life harder 3. Minimalism and being frugal are the same things 4. You can’t have collections or hobbies if you are a minimalist 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting 6. You have to follow a certain set of rules or standards to be a true minimalist 7. You can’t be a minimalist if you have kids. Minimalism only works for young, single people 8. Minimalism only applies to your stuff Minimalism is a tool, not the end goal This post was originally published in February 2017. Updated August 2019. Content: 5. Minimalism means stark, all-white rooms that look cold and uninviting While there is a minimalist design aesthetic, often characterized by all-white rooms with little furniture or décor, that doesn’t mean that’s the ONLY way minimalism can look. In fact, minimalism as a lifestyle doesn’t have to look a certain way at all. A minimalist room can also be colorful with books, candles, throw blankets, pillows, etc. Minimalism is when the only things you keep in your space are those that you use often and/or love. It should be personal and unique to you, so everyone’s version of it will look different. Minimalism is finding the right amount of stuff for you. What is enough will be different for everyone. The key is keeping only what adds value to your life and removing the rest. As long as everything in your space is something you either use often or absolutely love – that’s minimalism!	https://simplelionheartlife.com/what-is-minimalism/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_318764066#10_664587043	Title: How to Potty Train a Child with ADHD \| What You Need to Know - Potty Training Central Headings: How to Potty Train a Child with ADHD \| What You Need to Know How to Potty Train a Child with ADHD \| What You Need to Know When should you start potty training an ADHD child? Before potty training, keep a ledger Like any job, potty training requires the right tools Start by getting the child used to sitting on the potty Be prepared for accidents – They are going to happen When your child is too distracted or too hyper-focused to go potty Reward your child for potty success Be sure to teach proper hygiene Graduate from diapers, to pull-ups to underwear MORE ADHD ARTICLES THAT MAY BE OF INTEREST Content: So, keep note of what kind of things they like to do that will keep them sitting in one place for a few minutes that they can also do while sitting on the potty. In the beginning take them to the potty about 15 or 20 minutes after they have eaten, and maybe at 90 minutes to 2 hours intervals through the day. If you have kept a ledger of their potty habits use that to determine how long you should go before taking them to the potty. Be prepared for accidents – They are going to happen Be sure to communicate to your child what the potty is for and what you are expecting of them. But just be aware that in the beginning going potty is going to be somewhat hit-and-miss. Accidents are going to happen. Be prepared for them. When an accident happens, do not make a big fuss over it. Instead, express your confidence that they will do better next time. Try to build up their confidence.	https://simplepottytraining.com/how-to-potty-train-a-child-with-adhd-yes-you-can-do-iti/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_322092122#5_673251728	Title: 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience \| SimpleTexting Headings: 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience 1. Define How You’re Going to Communicate 2. Create and Share Guidelines for Your Virtual Classroom 3. Make Your Virtual Classroom Interactive with Different Types of Online Educational Tools 4. Ask for Feedback on Your Online Teaching 5. Establish a Support Plan 6. Share Recordings or Excerpts 7. Plan Each Virtual Class 8. Make Use of Multimedia for Online Learning or Student Work 9. Don’t Be Too Hard on Yourself Up next in Education The Guide to Mass Text Messaging for Schools Alabama Extension SNAP-Ed Helps People Text Into A Healthier Lifestyle Texting Templates For College Admissions Send Your First Message in Minutes Content: 3. Make Your Virtual Classroom Interactive with Different Types of Online Educational Tools Most online educational tools for students provide the collaborative tools necessary to make classes interactive. You should consider including presentations, demonstrations, and other interactive activities into your lesson plans. For professional development courses, this is particularly useful, allowing participants to demonstrate to you that they’ve learned new skills. The same is true for high school students. Traditional classrooms are engaging places with lots going on: group work, individual learning, as well as teaching. The virtual learning experience should–in so far as possible–try to be the same. To achieve this, the best online teachers mix up their teaching techniques to boost student engagement. From mind mapping to role playing, several classic teaching methods can make the lesson more lively and interactive.	https://simpletexting.com/virtual-learning-best-practices/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_322092122#11_673263657	Title: 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience \| SimpleTexting Headings: 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience 9 Tips for Creating an Engaging Virtual Learning Experience 1. Define How You’re Going to Communicate 2. Create and Share Guidelines for Your Virtual Classroom 3. Make Your Virtual Classroom Interactive with Different Types of Online Educational Tools 4. Ask for Feedback on Your Online Teaching 5. Establish a Support Plan 6. Share Recordings or Excerpts 7. Plan Each Virtual Class 8. Make Use of Multimedia for Online Learning or Student Work 9. Don’t Be Too Hard on Yourself Up next in Education The Guide to Mass Text Messaging for Schools Alabama Extension SNAP-Ed Helps People Text Into A Healthier Lifestyle Texting Templates For College Admissions Send Your First Message in Minutes Content: Use this goal as the basis of your lesson plan. Then start creating the structure of your lesson from there. These plans will also make it easier to track your students’ progress. 8. Make Use of Multimedia for Online Learning or Student Work One of the main advantages of virtual teaching is the option to easily use various types of web content: text, images, diagrams, audio, and video. This can significantly improve the learning process, but it also has to be flexible and tailored to different learning styles, preferences, and needs of students. If done correctly, multimedia can retain the attention and interest of learners. This is particularly critical when teaching today’s video-oriented generation. This VEDAMO checklist for web-content accessibility is an excellent resource.	https://simpletexting.com/virtual-learning-best-practices/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_323513740#1_676470888	Title: 7 Examples of Capital Improvement - Simplicable Headings: 7 Examples of Capital Improvement 7 Examples of Capital Improvement Defect or Design Flaw Addition & Expansion Capacity & Efficiency Rebuilding & Life Extension Replacement Adaptation Capitalization Limit Capital Improvement vs Routine Maintenance Business Costs Capital Expenditures Fixed Expenses Examples of Current Assets Operating Cost Cost Strategy Business Expenses Travel Expenses Cost vs Expense Expenses Variable Expenses Trending New Articles Content: For example, fixing a building that isn't properly insulated or that contains toxic components that need to be removed to improve indoor air quality. Addition & Expansion Making structures or land improvements physically bigger. For example, an addition to a house. Capacity & Efficiency Increasing the productive capacity or efficiency of an asset. For example, increasing the power capacity of a data center with a solar power system. Rebuilding & Life Extension Increasing the useful life of a fixed asset. For example, replacing the engine of a truck. Replacement Replacing a major component such as an elevator in a building. Adaptation Adapting a fixed asset to a new use. For example, renovations to convert a home into a short term rental property.	https://simplicable.com/en/capital-improvement
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_323673512#6_676862935	Title: 16 Examples of Constructivism - Simplicable Headings: 16 Examples of Constructivism 16 Examples of Constructivism Advisors Love of Learning Assessment Play Group Work Discussion Leadership Experimentation Research Learning by Teaching Problem Solving Field Trips Media Art Design Postmodernism Notes Education Content: For example, redesigning a shelve to solve a problem of clutter in a classroom. Postmodernism Constructionism and its rejection of objective reality is a defining characteristic of postmodernism. This is a broad academic trend that has had great influence over the social sciences since the 1960s. Science, technology, engineering and mathematics are less influenced by postmodernism because objective reality is important to these fields. For example, if you're designing an aircraft it is important to calculate the objectively correct answer to how much thrust is required in a particular scenario such that the constructionist idea that there are "no correct answers" is useless or dangerous. Notes While many schools are purely based on constructivism, in practice it is possible to balance this with other methods. For example, constructionism may not be useful for mathematics where convergent thinking is important but may be useful for computer science where real world problems are often open-ended. Overview: Constructivism Type Teaching Definition An approach to education that seeks to construct knowledge through experience. Education This is the complete list of articles we have written about education.	https://simplicable.com/en/constructivism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_325892671#0_682344065	Title: 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence - Simplicable Headings: 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence Storytelling Word of Mouth Politics Rumor & Innuendo Advertising Confirmation Bias Cherry Picking Hypothesis Formation Cognitive Biases Content: 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence - Simplicable Cognitive Biases Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Cognitive Biases Ambiguity Effect Anchoring Attribute Substitution Backfire Effect Logic Abductive Reasoning Abstraction Arrow Of Time Key Concepts Backward Induction Causality Cold Logic Base Rate Fallacy Logic Deductive Reasoning Excluded Middle Fallacy top » thinking » logic » reasoning » anecdotal evidence 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence John Spacey, April 25, 2018 updated on June 30, 2020 Anecdotal evidence is a body of information based on accounts and narrative. The term suggests weak evidence based on examples and personal accounts as opposed to information that is statistically significant. Anecdotal evidence is dangerous because it is easy to mislead yourself or others with it. This doesn't mean it has no value as storytelling and word of mouth information can be useful in many contexts. The following are illustrative examples of anecdotal evidence. Storytelling A successful individual tells a story about the failures they faced on their path. Although the information is anecdotal, the audience finds it interesting and instructive. Word of Mouth Coworkers talk about a new restaurant near the office and one says they tried it and that the food was mediocre and the staff were rude. The coworkers don't trust this opinion because this particular individual is often complaining about restaurants in an unreasonable way. Politics A politician tells a story about a specific person who lost their job due to the policies of a political rival.	https://simplicable.com/new/anecdotal-evidence
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_325892671#4_682350865	Title: 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence - Simplicable Headings: 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence 8 Examples of Anecdotal Evidence Storytelling Word of Mouth Politics Rumor & Innuendo Advertising Confirmation Bias Cherry Picking Hypothesis Formation Cognitive Biases Content: For example, arguing that tourists from a particular country are rude based on individual examples while ignoring all examples that concern the behavior of tourists from other nations or the behavior of locals themselves. Hypothesis Formation The term anecdotal evidence is often used in research papers to highlight unreliable information that may be used as a starting point for rigorous investigation. For example, a medical research paper may mention the anecdotal evidence surrounding a traditional medicine as a reason for a hypothesis. Overview: Anecdotal Evidence Type Reasoning Definition A body of information based on accounts and narrative. Cognitive Biases This is the complete list of articles we have written about cognitive biases. Ambiguity Effect Anchoring Backfire Effect Base Rate Biased Biases Circular Reasoning Cognitive Bias Cognitive Dissonance Complexity Bias Crab Mentality Creeping Normality Curse Of Knowledge Decoy Effect Ethnocentrism Exposure Effect False Analogy False Hope Fear Of Youth Gambler's Fallacy Golden Hammer Halo Effect Hindsight Bias Optimism Bias Peak-End Rule Sour Grapes Survivorship Bias Victim Mentality Wishful Thinking If you enjoyed this page, please consider bookmarking Simplicable. Cite »	https://simplicable.com/new/anecdotal-evidence
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_325989451#0_682586817	Title: 19 Examples of Architectural Technology - Simplicable Headings: 19 Examples of Architectural Technology 19 Examples of Architectural Technology Materials Structures Building Envelope Facades Roof Energy HVAC Sanitation & Water Systems Fire Protection Earthquake Resistance Windows Green Spaces Lighting Transportation Interiors Security Information Systems Building Automation User Interfaces Architecture Architecture Night Architecture Passive Design vs Active Design Universal Design Passive Light Architectural Acoustics Parti Pris Genius Loci Massing Compressive Strength Architectural Elements Green Walls vs Green Facades Raised Floor Trending Content: 19 Examples of Architectural Technology - Simplicable Architecture Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Architecture Guides Acoustics Architecture Elements Lighting Styles Techniques Architecture Active Design Adaptive Reuse Aesthetics Key Concepts Architectural Elements Architectural Styles Architecture Parlante Architectural Elements Architecture Architecture Techniques Calm Technology Color Theory Related Topics Deep Water Cooling District Heating Energy Efficiency Form Night Architecture top » architecture » architectural technology » architectural technology examples 19 Examples of Architectural Technology John Spacey, March 16, 2017 Architectural technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the construction of buildings and other structures. The following are common examples of architectural technology. Materials Architectural materials such as composite fibre, glass, carbon concrete, steel and wood. Structures Structural elements such as beams, trusses, plates, tensile cables and shells. Building Envelope The basic structure of a building that protects it from air, water, noise, wind and excessive temperatures and light. For example, technologies used to insulate a building. Facades Technologies that have applications for facades such as translucent concrete. Roof Roofs commonly host green technologies such as rooftop gardens and rainwater harvesting systems. Energy Systems to generate energy for a building such as solar roofs or walls. HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning to provide air to a building at a comfortable temperature.	https://simplicable.com/new/architectural-technology-examples
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_327362074#0_686159597	Title: What is Cold Logic? - Simplicable Headings: What is Cold Logic? What is Cold Logic? Thinking Problem Solving Thought Processes Workaround Creative Thinking Problems Analysis Paralysis Arrow Of Time Business Problems Decision Framing Research Logic Law Of Excluded Middle Fuzzy Logic Logic vs Intelligence Causality Magical Thinking Fallacies Mutually Exclusive False Balance Trending New Articles Content: What is Cold Logic? - Simplicable Thinking Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Problem Solving A/B Testing Abductive Reasoning Abstraction Analysis Paralysis Design Thinking top » thinking » logic » cold logic What is Cold Logic? John Spacey, October 06, 2016 Cold logic is a term for logic that fails to consider human factors such as culture, language, social dynamics, personality and emotion. It is certainly possible for logic to consider human factors. However, human factors are extremely complex. As a result, it is common for logic embedded in processes, rules, practices, validations and algorithms to ignore human factors. This produces suboptimal results that fail to account for social, legal and business realities that are driven by human needs and judgment. Overview: Cold Logic Type Logic Definition Logic that fails to consider human factors resulting in suboptimal performance Related Concepts Cognitive Biases Thinking This is the complete list of articles we have written about thinking. Abstraction Analytical Thinking Cognition Cognitive Abilities Cognitive Biases Concept Consciousness Decision Making Design Thinking Educated Guess Emotional Intelligence Fallacies Four Causes Generalization Good Judgement Human Factors Idealism Ideas Independent Thinking Information Knowledge Learning Logic Mental State Mindset Objective Reason Opinion Optimism Perception Positive Thinking Practical Thinking Problem Solving Reality Reason Reflective Thinking Salience Scarcity Mindset Selective Attention Subjectivity Systems Thinking Thinking Win-Win Thinking Wishful Thinking Worldview If you enjoyed this page, please consider bookmarking Simplicable.	https://simplicable.com/new/cold-logic
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_328340138#4_688730620	Title: 15 Examples of Culture Change - Simplicable Headings: 15 Examples of Culture Change 15 Examples of Culture Change Invention Economy Globalization War & Disaster Ideas Aesthetics Rights & Freedoms Law Design Infrastructure Health Education Environment Art, Music, Literature & Media Leaders Culture Content: Rights & Freedoms A nation that grants rights and freedoms to people may allow culture to flourish whereas oppression may subvert culture. For example, freedom of speech whereby people aren't penalized for voicing unpopular ideas allows for brave literature and art. Law Laws and regulations have broad cultural impacts. For example, laws requiring businesses to close at a particular hour that restrict the night economy of a city. Design Design impacts culture. For example, the urban design of cities influences how communities interact such as a city full of parks, public space and cafe terraces that develops a lively feel. Infrastructure Hard infrastructure such as public sidewalks and soft infrastructure such as hospitals. For example, the construction of roads for automobiles beginning in the early 20th century that transformed cities into concrete jungles with vast suburbs. Health Health can have a significant impact on culture. For example, the theory known as the lead–crime hypothesis that links declining crime rates in multiple countries to the phase-out of lead in gasoline and other products.	https://simplicable.com/new/culture-change
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_331622407#9_697414028	Title: 22 Examples of Management Communication - Simplicable Headings: 22 Examples of Management Communication 22 Examples of Management Communication Meetings Meeting Minutes Action Items Setting Expectations Managing Expectations Formal Communication Touching Base Management by Walking Around Open Door Policy Influencing Motivation Storytelling Messaging Framing Anticipating Objections Consensus Building Choice Architecture Questioning Listening Visual Communication Feedback & Criticism Recognition Coaching Communication Communication Objectivity Meeting Minutes Small Talk Listening Figurative Language Influence Meetings Intrapersonal vs Interpersonal Management Management Levels Delegated Authority Management Control Accountability Continuous Change Management Metrics Management Improvement New Articles Content: 27 Types of Meetings » 24 Examples of Ground Rules » 15 Examples of Meeting Goals » 20 Examples of Meeting Management » Intrapersonal vs Interpersonal The difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal explained. Intrapersonal vs Interpersonal » Management A guide to management techniques. 100+ Management Techniques » Management Accounting Guide » What is Administration? » Change Management Guide » Management Levels An complete overview of management levels. The 3 Levels of Management » 7 Examples of Line Management » Delegated Authority The definition of delegation of authority with examples. 7 Examples of Delegated Authority » Management Control The definition of management control with examples. 21 Examples of Management Control » 20 Types of Management Controls » Accountability The definition of accountability with examples. 8 Examples of Accountability » Accountability vs Responsibility » Continuous Change The definition of continuous change with examples. 7 Examples of Continuous Change » Management Metrics A list of common management metrics. 7 Types of Management Metrics » 6 Examples of Management Efficiency » Management Improvement A list of common types of management improvement.	https://simplicable.com/new/management-communication
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_331622407#10_697416405	Title: 22 Examples of Management Communication - Simplicable Headings: 22 Examples of Management Communication 22 Examples of Management Communication Meetings Meeting Minutes Action Items Setting Expectations Managing Expectations Formal Communication Touching Base Management by Walking Around Open Door Policy Influencing Motivation Storytelling Messaging Framing Anticipating Objections Consensus Building Choice Architecture Questioning Listening Visual Communication Feedback & Criticism Recognition Coaching Communication Communication Objectivity Meeting Minutes Small Talk Listening Figurative Language Influence Meetings Intrapersonal vs Interpersonal Management Management Levels Delegated Authority Management Control Accountability Continuous Change Management Metrics Management Improvement New Articles Content: 7 Examples of Delegated Authority » Management Control The definition of management control with examples. 21 Examples of Management Control » 20 Types of Management Controls » Accountability The definition of accountability with examples. 8 Examples of Accountability » Accountability vs Responsibility » Continuous Change The definition of continuous change with examples. 7 Examples of Continuous Change » Management Metrics A list of common management metrics. 7 Types of Management Metrics » 6 Examples of Management Efficiency » Management Improvement A list of common types of management improvement. 19 Examples of Management Improvement » The most popular articles on Simplicable in the past day. 16 Types of Fuchsia An overview of fuchsia with a palette. 15 Examples of Humility The definition of humility with examples and counter examples. 6 Examples of Risk Capacity An overview of risk capacity with examples. 7 Examples of a Political System The definition of political system with examples.	https://simplicable.com/new/management-communication
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_331825940#1_697941456	Title: 8 Examples of Market-Focus - Simplicable Headings: 8 Examples of Market-Focus 8 Examples of Market-Focus Market Research Market Fit Product Differentiation Target Market Niche & Segments Business Experimentation Fail Often Measurement Product Marketing Content: This can be a product function that customers want that isn't available. Market fit can also be based on other factors such as price, quality, location and customer experience. Product Differentiation Developing products that have unique value relative to the competition in a market. Target Market Selecting precise target markets for marketing efforts. Niche & Segments Developing products for highly specific needs and preferences to avoid intense competition. Business Experimentation Testing things such as prototype products or promotion messages in a continual process of optimization. Fail Often A flexible approach to marketing that quickly gives up on things that don't seem to work. Measurement Results-based metrics such as conversation rates. Overview: Market-Focus Type Product Strategy Definition An approach to business that bases strategy, operations and measurement on market opportunities.	https://simplicable.com/new/market-focus
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_331825940#2_697942814	Title: 8 Examples of Market-Focus - Simplicable Headings: 8 Examples of Market-Focus 8 Examples of Market-Focus Market Research Market Fit Product Differentiation Target Market Niche & Segments Business Experimentation Fail Often Measurement Product Marketing Content: Business Experimentation Testing things such as prototype products or promotion messages in a continual process of optimization. Fail Often A flexible approach to marketing that quickly gives up on things that don't seem to work. Measurement Results-based metrics such as conversation rates. Overview: Market-Focus Type Product Strategy Definition An approach to business that bases strategy, operations and measurement on market opportunities. Product Marketing This is the complete list of articles we have written about product marketing. Branding Customer Experience Differentiation Distribution Market Fit Market Research Niche Products Product Benefits Product Category Product Depth Product Development Product Economics Product Extension Product Management Product Variety More ... If you enjoyed this page, please consider bookmarking Simplicable. Cite »	https://simplicable.com/new/market-focus
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_333133022#0_701370778	Title: 18 Characteristics of Postmodernism - Simplicable Headings: 18 Characteristics of Postmodernism 18 Characteristics of Postmodernism Relativism Rejection of Objectivity Complexity Abstraction Power Structures Social Constructs Language Engineering Absurdism Embrace of Subjective Experience Idealism Nihilism Materialism Individualism Culture Rejection of Agency Medicalization Critical Device Ideology Philosophy References Philosophy Materialism Individualism Holism Reality Hope Mediocrity Randomness Determinism Culture Sense Of Place Conformity Authenticity Food Shy vs Reserved Middle Class Cultural Heritage Trending New Articles Content: 18 Characteristics of Postmodernism - Simplicable Philosophy Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Related Guides Culture Economics Philosophy Postmodernism Postmodernism Idealism Philosophy Postmodernism Key Concepts Relativism Social Constructionism Social Constructs Humanism Nietzsches Philosophy Socrates Philosophy Altruism Humans I Think Therefore I Am Site Map Cost Structure Creativity Culture Data Decision Making Design Design Thinking Ecommerce Examples Economics Education Farming Finance Governance Government History Humans Industries Influencing More ... top » education » philosophy » postmodernism 18 Characteristics of Postmodernism posted by John Spacey, August 06, 2019 Postmodernism is a rejection of the very idea of objectivity and universal truisms in favor of subjective experience and flexible realities. This is a broad movement in social sciences, art and architecture that is still emerging such that it is notoriously difficult to define. Practically any venturesome liberal idea that has emerged since 1970 has been labeled as postmodern such that it lacks consistency and cohesion as a school of thought. The following are broad characteristics that can be ascribed to postmodernism. Relativism Rejection of the very idea that universal truths exist. Rejection of Objectivity A rejection of the existence of objectivity and sense that historical and current truisms are simply imposed by oppressive power structures. Facts may be viewed as tools of oppression invented by the system or simply as meaningless and flexible trivia. Complexity A rejection of the minimalism that characterized modern art and architecture. Abstraction Embrace of jargon and complex theories that are heavily abstracted with many conceptual layers such that they are almost impossible to communicate in plain language. Power Structures Postmodern theory tends to view history, society, culture and language as imposed by oppressive power structures.	https://simplicable.com/new/postmodernism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_333495500#0_702332895	Title: 5 Types of Product Demand - Simplicable Headings: 5 Types of Product Demand 5 Types of Product Demand Unsought Product Commodity Demand Market Fit Latent Demand Generated Demand Business Models Business Models Customer Convenience Latent Demand Product Innovation Consumer Goods Product Category Make To Stock Micropayments Creative Industries Service Business Intangible Value Innovation Types of Innovation Latent Need Organizational Resilience Innovation Capital Design Innovation Definition Business Innovation Innovation Management Idea Stage Trending New Articles Content: 5 Types of Product Demand - Simplicable Business Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Related Guides Advertising Branding Competition Ethics Metrics Pricing Business Models Added Value Agent Arbitrage Key Concepts Auctioneering Bespoke Bricks And Clicks top » business » business models » products » product demand 5 Types of Product Demand John Spacey, July 20, 2017 Product demand is customer willingness to purchase a product or service at a given price. Demand is a basic economic force that drives a firm's revenue. The following are the basic types of product demand. Unsought Product A product with little or no demand because it doesn't serve a customer need or customers don't understand it. Unsought products also include things that are depressing to buy. Commodity Demand Demand for a commodity such as apples. Individual producers don't influence demand as consumers see commodity products as all the same. Market Fit A product that uniquely serves the needs and preferences of a target market. For example, a movie that is entertaining with good reviews and many fans. Latent Demand A customer need or preference that isn't served by any products or services in the market.	https://simplicable.com/new/product-demand
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_336963903#0_711558834	Title: 11 Examples of Zoning - Simplicable Headings: 11 Examples of Zoning 11 Examples of Zoning Use Single-use Mixed-use Night Economy Hotels Sui Generis Structures Safety Inclusionary Zoning Environment Air Rights Cities Urban Planning Slow Cities Sponge City Sui Generis Activity Center Social Infrastructure Edge City Resilient Cities Linear Park Blue Roof Urban Agriculture Stoicism Co2 Emissions Trending New Articles Content: 11 Examples of Zoning - Simplicable Cities Simplicable Guide A-Z Popular Business Design Tech More ... Related Guides Architecture Cities Infrastructure Planning Resilience Transport Urban Planning Air Rights Brownfields Clean Air Zone Key Concepts Emergent Cities Happiness Index Living Street City Culture Urban Planning Natural Surveillance Placemaking Public Space Related Topics Resilient Cities Transition Design Urban Density Woonerf top » world » cities » urban planning » zoning 11 Examples of Zoning John Spacey, April 03, 2017 Zoning is the regulation of land use by area. It is a primary tool of urban planning that is based on national law, regional regulations or local ordinances. The following are common examples of zoning. Use Zoning often regulates activities such as residential, agricultural, commercial or industrial use of land. This tends to raise the value of property as people don't want to live beside a site that is unattractive, noisy or generating pollution. Single-use Historically, North American cities tend to have large single-use zones. This is often criticized as negatively impacting quality of life due to factors such as long commutes and large areas with little sense of community. Mixed-use Mixed-use zoning can be used to simulate reasonably dense neighborhoods where people can walk to shopping, work, school, medical appointments, restaurants, green space and other useful features. Night Economy Many zoning laws exclude things like bars, night clubs, performance venues and karaoke. In some cases, mixed-use zoning embraces these features of the night economy as part of a strategy of fostering lively neighborhoods.	https://simplicable.com/new/zoning
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_336963903#5_711567372	Title: 11 Examples of Zoning - Simplicable Headings: 11 Examples of Zoning 11 Examples of Zoning Use Single-use Mixed-use Night Economy Hotels Sui Generis Structures Safety Inclusionary Zoning Environment Air Rights Cities Urban Planning Slow Cities Sponge City Sui Generis Activity Center Social Infrastructure Edge City Resilient Cities Linear Park Blue Roof Urban Agriculture Stoicism Co2 Emissions Trending New Articles Content: Overview: Zoning Type Urban Planning Definition The regulation of land use by area. Notes In some cases, zoning is based on a system of planning such as a 10-year plan that is developed in consultation with communities. Such plans are complex to develop and implement but may be viewed positively as communities can plan their own neighborhoods. Cities This is the complete list of articles we have written about cities. Activity Center Air Rights Architecture Blue Space Brownfields City Culture City Economics Cosmopolitan City Creeping Normality Emergent Cities Environmental Issues Freedom To Roam Genius Loci Ghost Spaces Happiness Index Hostile Architecture Living Street Natural Surveillance Night Economy Placemaking Play Street Public Infrastructure Public Space Quality Of Life Resilient Cities Security Landscaping Superblocks Tactical Urbanism Transition Design Urban Agriculture Urban Design Urban Forests Urban Planning Vertical Farming Zoning More ... If you enjoyed this page, please consider bookmarking Simplicable. Cite » Urban Planning A list of urban planning techniques and considerations. 30+ Urban Planning Terms » 4 Types of Activity Center » What are Air Rights? » What are Slow Cities? » Slow Cities An overview of slow cities.	https://simplicable.com/new/zoning
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_342795766#4_725707867	Title: How Does Recycling Help to Reduce Pollution — Simply Eco Store Headings: How Does Recycling Help to Reduce Pollution How Does Recycling Help to Reduce Pollution Who are the biggest polluters? How does recycling help? Content: Burning charcoal and wood to generate heat also results in carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and dust particle emissions. This is a great problem in low-income countries, where most of the energy generated for heating is acquired by burning coal. 3. Agriculture is also a significant contributor when it comes to pollution. Both crop cultivation and livestock contribute to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The use of pesticides and fertilizers is considered a must in almost every plant production, bigger or smaller. If not used properly, which happens more often than it should, these chemicals can contaminate soils, underground waters and kill certain beneficial species, thus disrupting and impoverishing entire ecosystems. Raising cattle for food emits 14,5% of all greenhouse gas emissions, significantly contributing to increasing methane levels in the atmosphere. 4. Last, but not least, we ourselves are also contributing to both local and global pollution with improper waste management and overuse of plastic.	https://simplyecostore.com/blogs/news/how-does-recycling-help-to-reduce-pollution
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_348483054#3_740663932	Title: What is civic engagement? Definitions, examples, how tos, and more Headings: What is civic engagement? Definitions, examples, how tos, and more What is civic engagement? Definitions, examples, how tos, and more What is civic engagement? Definitions, examples, how tos, and more. What is civic engagement? Why practice civic engagement? Examples of civic engagement Community groups and projects Education groups Advocacy groups Government organisations What is civic engagement used for? Greater inclusiveness and diversity Youth engagement Improved education Informing policy How do I create a civic engagement plan? Purpose Stakeholders Process Resources Objectives Situation Actions Analysis Reporting How is civic engagement measured? What civic engagement tools can I use? What’s the best way to get started with civic engagement? Content: Improved relationships – Engaged community members develop stronger connections with one another Increased social cohesion – Community members develop a sense of trust, belonging and reciprocity Improved community – Engaged people actively work to improve their community and care for it through volunteering, education and other activities Better education – Engaged citizens are more likely to read and discuss the news and share information with others Greater understanding – The right civic engagement opportunities can help keep the community informed about local events and opportunities Growth and development – Civic engagement can mean investing in community members with skills, information and motivation to contribute and make a difference Individual responsibility – It encourages individuals to see themselves as part of a wider community and feel responsible for contributing to and improving that community for the benefit of all Better quality of life – Community members can address their concerns and influence decisions to improve the quality of life for the community as a whole Better government – Civic engagement is essential for a functioning democratic government On that last point – in order for democracy to succeed, it needs public participation. Civic engagement helps citizens to become aware of their community’s needs and how problems could be solved. This motivates them to become more involved in politics through voting, sharing their opinions and encouraging political actions that support their values. Examples of civic engagement Civic engagement is primarily focused on political and community related activities. Here are a few examples you might find in your local community… Community groups and projects Clean-up programs like Clean Up Australia Day Food pantries like Foodbank Neighbourhood groups Encouraging civic engagement through these groups might look like more sign ups, more people volunteering or more donations. Or members might represent their interests at council or community meetings. Education groups School boards College or university groups College unions Again, civic engagement in these instances might look like more memberships and more time spent volunteering. Or a community member may write to these groups to encourage action on or attention to a particular issue. Advocacy groups Disability rights groups Homelessness advocacy services Animal rights groups and/or animal shelters Homeowners’ rights groups Participation in these groups might include sharing their content and spreading their message online or offline. It might involve volunteering time and skills, writing to the media or local politician about current issues, or donating funds.	https://simplystakeholders.com/civic-engagement-definition/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_374606415#6_785127270	Title: How Technology Is Transforming the Way We Teach and Learn Headings: How Technology Is Transforming the Way We Teach and Learn How Technology Is Transforming the Way We Teach and Learn Integrated Lifelong Learning Systems Immersive Learning Experiences Cognitive Enhancement: Improving Intelligence Education as a Tool for Civilization-Level Change Content: Immersive Learning Experiences Virtual and augmented reality are revolutionizing the learning experience. They allow students to take journeys into ancient history, travel across the universe, and visit museums in different countries, all without leaving the classroom. One of the biggest feats of such technologies is that they make the learning experience more engaging, awe-inspiring and transformative. They allow us to shift mindsets and send powerful messages through immersive experiences. For instance, the Google Expeditions Pioneer Program will allow teachers to take their students on a journey anywhere in the world. Whether it’s “exploring coral reefs or the surface of Mars in an afternoon,” teachers can take students on immersive virtual field trips. Could this be the beginning of an entirely virtual school? These immersive experiences have the potential to contribute to faster learning, better retention, and improved decision-making. It is important to note the curricula integrated with the technology are just as important as the technology itself. There is no point digitizing already flawed curricula.	https://singularityhub.com/2017/10/09/how-technology-is-transforming-the-way-we-teach-and-learn/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_384374971#5_805841637	Title: The Facts on Arsenic \| Dartmouth Toxic Metals Headings: Dartmouth Toxic Metals Dartmouth Toxic Metals The Facts on Arsenic What is Arsenic? Why Are we Concerned About Arsenic? Who is at Risk of Harm from Arsenic Poisoning? Where is Arsenic Found? What are the Uses of Arsenic? How does Arsenic get into Food and Water? Do we Need Arsenic for Health? How does Arsenic Harm Living Things? What makes some Forms of Arsenic more Harmful to Humans? What Amount of Arsenic is Toxic to Humans? Can Arsenic Cause Cancer? What are the Symptoms of Arsenic Poisoning? How can I tell if I’ve been Exposed? Who Monitors Arsenic in Drinking Water? How can I tell if there is Arsenic in my Drinking Water? Can Arsenic be Removed from Drinking Water? Content: The World Bank and UNICEF are now providing Bangladesh financial support to develop alternative drinking water supplies from sources such as stored rainwater or treated pond water. The World Bank and UNICEF are now providing Bangladesh financial support to develop alternative drinking water supplies from sources such as stored rainwater or treated pond water. Source: Harvard Arsenic Project In recent years, exposure to arsenic in drinking water has also been identified as a health concern in regions of the United States where bedrock contains unusually high levels of arsenic, such as areas of New Hampshire, Maine, Michigan and regions in the Southwest and Rockies. Scientific advances including new techniques for accurately measuring small amounts of arsenic in rock and in water are now enabling scientists to detect the presence of arsenic with accuracy and to assess the long-term effects of relatively low levels of arsenic on ecosystems and human health. Who is at Risk of Harm from Arsenic Poisoning? Tobacco itself contained high levels of arsenic until recently, due to the extensive use of arsenic-based pesticides in tobacco farming. In the past, people exposed to arsenic in the workplace were at greatest risk of arsenic poisoning. People involved in the mining, processing or smelting of arsenic ores and people involved in the manufacture or use of arsenic-containing pesticides often inhaled arsenic on the job. Their risk of developing lung cancer was high, and even higher if they also smoked cigarettes.	https://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/arsenic/the-facts-on-arsenic/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_385083318#7_806981170	Title: Book Banning – UNSUITABLE Headings: Book Banning Book Banning Book Banning and Romance Fiction in the United States Challenged Romance Novels Conclusion References Content: Brady, 2016) The extreme rise in banned and challenged books led to the American Library Association to respond with the creation of Banned Books Week in 1982. When Banned Books Week was first implemented, it consisted of libraries and book stores displaying books which had been banned. The purpose of doing so was that people who passed by would see what books were banned. “ Those displays were enormously effective communication tools,” says Finan, “because people would wander over and find out that the books they love had been challenged. Suddenly they understood that censorship isn’t just about fringe literature.” ( Brady, 2016) As of 2017, Banned Books Week has sponsors and events such as city-wide scavenger hunts in order to get the public motivated and involved with learning about banned books and becoming aware of how hard it is to find some of them. Keeping the public informed on books which are in the process of being banned, or which have been banned, allows them to understand that literature which is made to broaden the mind is at risk of being taken away. In an interview given on the condition of anonymity, an employee of a local bookstore noted, “we do it every year because we know it’s important…we make sure it goes front and center.” ( Quail Ridge Books, 2017) Although fewer books are being banned each year, many are still being challenged at the state and local levels. “ Between 1990 and 2000, there were 6,364 challenges reported to or recorded by the Office for Intellectual Freedom.” (	https://sites.duke.edu/unsuitable/book-banning/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_385083318#8_806983112	Title: Book Banning – UNSUITABLE Headings: Book Banning Book Banning Book Banning and Romance Fiction in the United States Challenged Romance Novels Conclusion References Content: Brady, 2016) As of 2017, Banned Books Week has sponsors and events such as city-wide scavenger hunts in order to get the public motivated and involved with learning about banned books and becoming aware of how hard it is to find some of them. Keeping the public informed on books which are in the process of being banned, or which have been banned, allows them to understand that literature which is made to broaden the mind is at risk of being taken away. In an interview given on the condition of anonymity, an employee of a local bookstore noted, “we do it every year because we know it’s important…we make sure it goes front and center.” ( Quail Ridge Books, 2017) Although fewer books are being banned each year, many are still being challenged at the state and local levels. “ Between 1990 and 2000, there were 6,364 challenges reported to or recorded by the Office for Intellectual Freedom.” ( Schools and Censorship: Banned Books, 2008) The Office for Intellectual Freedom is responsible for carrying out ALA policies regarding individuals’ free access to libraries and the materials they carry. “ Seventy-one percent of the challenges were to materials in schools or school libraries. Another twenty-four percent were to material in public libraries. Sixty percent of the challenges were brought by parents, fifteen percent by patrons, and nine percent by administrators.” (	https://sites.duke.edu/unsuitable/book-banning/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_385083318#11_806987554	Title: Book Banning – UNSUITABLE Headings: Book Banning Book Banning Book Banning and Romance Fiction in the United States Challenged Romance Novels Conclusion References Content: Schools and Censorship: Banned Books, 2008) Libraries are institutions which are most often found to have books being challenged. “ When filling their shelves, librarians do not judge the content of books on whether it would be suitable for all audiences. As public institutions, libraries may not discriminate on disseminating information on the basis of age, sex or race, which means that people can check out whatever materials they choose.” ( Conger, 2008) Libraries usually have boards which approve or disapprove of the addition of new titles, yet many books fall through the cracks. Today, roughly 250-350 books are challenged each year. ( Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books List, n.d.) The following infographic displays reasons books were challenged in 2013, confirming the fact that some of the most common reasons include ‘sexually explicit’ and ‘offensive language’. ( Crum, 2014) Among the states which ban books the most are Texas, Oregon, North Carolina and Connecticut. ( Crum, 2014) As previously stated, parents and librarians are those who are most often found to ban books.	https://sites.duke.edu/unsuitable/book-banning/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_385083318#12_806989044	Title: Book Banning – UNSUITABLE Headings: Book Banning Book Banning Book Banning and Romance Fiction in the United States Challenged Romance Novels Conclusion References Content: Today, roughly 250-350 books are challenged each year. ( Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books List, n.d.) The following infographic displays reasons books were challenged in 2013, confirming the fact that some of the most common reasons include ‘sexually explicit’ and ‘offensive language’. ( Crum, 2014) Among the states which ban books the most are Texas, Oregon, North Carolina and Connecticut. ( Crum, 2014) As previously stated, parents and librarians are those who are most often found to ban books. In an excerpt of an interview from Scott DiMarco, a librarian and library director, we learn why banning books can sometimes be used to prove a point. “ By using a familiar and well-liked local author [Dennis Miller], the sharp point of what harm censorship can really do to a community could be driven home in a way that it never could with the standard list that we all hang up every year.” ( DiMarco, 2013) DiMarco banned a book in order to make his community aware of the effects of having free speech taken away. “ In conclusion, a typical set of programs on the topic of censorship were met by our campus community with general apathy and pleasant indifference. Our unorthodox (okay, heretical) experiment was very successful in highlighting how a simple bureaucratic decision can curb our freedom to read.” (	https://sites.duke.edu/unsuitable/book-banning/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_386812720#0_810480050	Title: Effects in the 18th/19th Century - 5 Effects of Industrialization Headings: Effects in the 18th/19th Century Effects in the 18th/19th Century Content: Effects in the 18th/19th Century - 5 Effects of Industrialization Effects in the 18th/19th Century Industrialization refers to the development of machine production of goods and new energy resources. Industrialization had many positive and negative effects on the citizens of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Positive Effects Industrialization had many positive effects on society in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. The creation of power machines and factories provided many new job opportunities. The new machinery increased production speed of good and gave people the ability to transport raw materials. Industrialization also lead to urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of people into cities and city building. Citizens wanted to live closer to the factories that they worked at. The Western World went from rural and agricultural to urban industrial. Industrialization in Europe is known for rapid development of manufacturing and trade.	https://sites.google.com/site/5effectsofindustrialization/effects-in-the-1800s-1900s
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_386812720#1_810481382	Title: Effects in the 18th/19th Century - 5 Effects of Industrialization Headings: Effects in the 18th/19th Century Effects in the 18th/19th Century Content: Industrialization also lead to urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of people into cities and city building. Citizens wanted to live closer to the factories that they worked at. The Western World went from rural and agricultural to urban industrial. Industrialization in Europe is known for rapid development of manufacturing and trade. Steam Engine: The newly invented steam engine provided cheap movement of goods through waterways. Canals were built so resources could be transported with ease. This picture shows one of James Watt's running steam engines which powered steam boats and railroad trains. The Railroad System:	https://sites.google.com/site/5effectsofindustrialization/effects-in-the-1800s-1900s
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_386812720#6_810486530	Title: Effects in the 18th/19th Century - 5 Effects of Industrialization Headings: Effects in the 18th/19th Century Effects in the 18th/19th Century Content: Negative Effects Despite its many positive effects, industrialization had a negative impact on Europe too. Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size which led to over crowding in cities. Sometimes a large population is a good thing, but in this case the population was too big and caused many health problems. Living conditions were dirty and unhealthy. Cities were unsanitary and diseases filled the streets. There were no sanitation codes in cities. Many citizens got very sick. This picture is an example of what the streets and city looked like. Work in Factories: Factory work was dirty and dangerous.	https://sites.google.com/site/5effectsofindustrialization/effects-in-the-1800s-1900s
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_387062761#6_810986797	Title: Chapter 12 Mongols - AP World History Headings: Chapter 12 Mongols Chapter 12 Mongols Content: Other reasons for the Mongols’ success include their ability to learn new military techniques, adopt new military technology, and incorporate non-Mongol soldiers into their armies; their reputation for slaughtering all those who would not surrender; and their ability to take advantage of rivalries among their enemies. C. Overland Trade and the Plague 1. The Mongol conquests opened overland trade routes and brought about an unprecedented commercial integration of Eurasia. The growth of long-distance trade under the Mongols led to significant transfer of military and scientific knowledge among Europe, the Middle East, China, Iran, and Japan. 2. Diseases including the bubonic plague also spread over the trade routes of the Mongol Empire. The plague that had lingered in Yunnan (now southwest China) was transferred to central and north China, to Central Asia, to Kaffa, and from there to the Mediterranean world. II.	https://sites.google.com/site/apworldhistorywelsh/all-chapter-outlines/chapter-12-mongols
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_391410345#8_830680026	Title: Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration - nashennSSpraxis 12 Headings: Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration Content: By 1890, there were 58 cities that size with nearly 12 million people. Most were in the Northeast and near the Great Lakes. The vast majority of cities grew with only minimal, if any planning. Most choices about land use and construction were made by individual landowners, developers, and builders who wanted to make large profits. Thus, everyone buildt the most working and li\ving space for the least cost - leaving little room for pleasant or open space. Consequences of Rapid Urbanization On the positive side, urbanization brought new jobs, new opportunities, new housing, and new transportation; but on the negative side, urbanization gave rise to widespread urban poverty, sub-standard housing, environmental degradation, increasing crime and violence, violent clashes between labor and management, and political corruption. Housing problems… Urbanization in the late 1800s was especially bad in New York City. Crime: crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes agains societal morality Environmental degradation Political corruption, patronage, and the "well-greased" political machine The Democratic Party bribed the state legislature to pass laws that increased the power of the city to tax, borrow, and spend.	https://sites.google.com/site/nashennsspraxis12/united-states-history/industrialization-urbanization-and-immigration
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_391410345#9_830681702	Title: Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration - nashennSSpraxis 12 Headings: Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration Industrialization, Urbanization, and Immigration Content: Consequences of Rapid Urbanization On the positive side, urbanization brought new jobs, new opportunities, new housing, and new transportation; but on the negative side, urbanization gave rise to widespread urban poverty, sub-standard housing, environmental degradation, increasing crime and violence, violent clashes between labor and management, and political corruption. Housing problems… Urbanization in the late 1800s was especially bad in New York City. Crime: crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes agains societal morality Environmental degradation Political corruption, patronage, and the "well-greased" political machine The Democratic Party bribed the state legislature to pass laws that increased the power of the city to tax, borrow, and spend. Then a leader built public support by spending tax funds on various charities, helping the poor, and funding construction projects. The poor and those receiving jobs and construction contracts, in turn, were expected to vote for the politicians. When helping construction businesses, city governors expected kick backs from the already inflated construction budgets, as well as votes. It all worked like a well-greased machine. When a machine amassed great power - as it did in New York City, it would often have a well-known boss.	https://sites.google.com/site/nashennsspraxis12/united-states-history/industrialization-urbanization-and-immigration
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_392312885#6_831734193	Title: Causes of Imperialism in Africa - Imperialist Africa Headings: Causes of Imperialism in Africa Causes of Imperialism in Africa Religion Superiority Content: www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stanley_sir_henry_morton.shtml In a region to the north, King Leopold II of Belgium commissioned explorer Henry Morgan Stanley, of whom the British had denied support, to "explore the Congo (Zaire) in the hope of riches," (Rowell 6). Eventually, Leopold "carved out a personal colony and filled it with lucrative rubber plantations run by forced labor," (B&Z 740). Nationalism European superiority not only translated as the notion of being greater than Africans, but also as the desire to promote patriotism within individual imperial powers: for example, Italy sought out colonies because "They were something to show your neighbor," (Rowell 6). In the words of historian Giuliano Procacci, King Umberto I desired "...to convince the Italians that Italy too was a great power, and so to surround with a halo of prestige a state that would otherwise have had little" (6). Kaiser Wilhelm II viewed Germany as the greatest nation, sharing his views in "A Place in the Sun:" http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1901Kaiser.asp The Scramble was in part prompted by the fact that Europeans were propelled into taking subject lands to prove that their own nationality was superior to others, and thus Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and others attempted to acquire the largest, most profitable section of Africa to simply out-conquest other governing bodies and glorify their own nation. Religion Religion, too, shaped the course of events that took place in 19th century Africa, as Christian missionaries ventured to "The Dark Continent" to share their beliefs with unenlightened individuals. The best known missionary was David Livingstone, who spread the Christian message throughout Central Africa. Historian R.R. Palmer wrote that "He gave himself to humanitarian and religious work, with a little occasional trading and much travel and exploration, but without political or true economic aims."	https://sites.google.com/site/rkjwgd/home/causes
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_392461039#0_832063232	Title: Light Intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis (Carol Cao) - sed695b3 Headings: Light Intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis (Carol Cao) Light Intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis (Carol Cao) Research Question and Hypothesis Standards Experimental Design Independent variable Dependent variables Series Constants and Controls Materials Procedures Sample data and graphs rate of photosynthesis lab results Light Intensity and the Rate of Photosynthesis Rate of Photosynthesis Lab Oxygen Production in Elodea Plants Content: Light Intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis (Carol Cao) - sed695b3 Projects ‎ > ‎ (3) Longitudinal Research ‎ > ‎ Light Intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis (Carol Cao) Research Question and Hypothesis Does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis in Elodea plants? Hypothesis: Yes, light intensity does affect the rate of photosynthesis. Too much light may cause plants to "burn out" while too little light will not provide enough light for optimal photosynthesis activity. Standards Biology Standards Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. Experimental Design This experiment will look at the affect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis on Elodea plants. The rate of photosynthesis is determined by the number of bubbles formed by the Elodea plants. The oxygen bubbles are a product of photosynthesis. Plants have shown to produce more bubbles when placed closer to a light source than further away. The efficiency of photosynthesis can be measured by the amount of oxygen bubbles formed during a given amount of time.	https://sites.google.com/site/sed695b3/projects/longitudinal-research/passive-transport-carol-cao
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_394907310#8_834676772	Title: ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex \| Educating for Democracy Headings: ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex Abstract Background: Tracing Modern Day Slavery to the 13th Amendment Prison Industrial Complex Laws in Virginia + Prison population JMU and Prison Labor Discussion Questions Content: These new policies expanded the use of imprisonment as punishment for all felony charges, eventually becoming widely used for sex and drug offenses. Additionally, more policies were adopted with the goal of increasing the likelihood and longevity of imprisonment. The implementation and strict enforcement of harsh drug laws is viewed as one of the main reasons for the large racial disparities that are seen in prisons today. According to scholars, black people are four times as likely as white people to be arrested for drug offenses and 2.5 times as likely to be arrested for drug possessions despite the fact that white people and black people use drugs at the same rate. The creation of policies like “Stop-and-frisk” allowed for police officers to stop and question anyone who they deemed suspicious. Because racial disparities begin at the initial encounter people of color have with police their race is more likely to impact the outcome of the interaction. Evidence shows that initial police stops are unlikely to result in incarceration, however the prevalence of prior convictions increases chances of future incarceration, something that disproportionately impacts people of color. Implicit bias impacts the perceptions the public can have on people of color. Multiple pieces of evidence point to the fact that beliefs about the dangerousness and threats to public safety are related to these perceptions. Scholars have found that people of color receive harsher punishments than their white counterparts because they are perceived as being more violent and imposing a greater threat to public safety.	https://sites.lib.jmu.edu/civic/2020/09/17/slaves-of-the-state-13th-amendment-mass-incarceration-and-the-prison-industrial-complex/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_394907310#11_834683529	Title: ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex \| Educating for Democracy Headings: ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex ‘Slaves of the State’: 13th Amendment, mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex Abstract Background: Tracing Modern Day Slavery to the 13th Amendment Prison Industrial Complex Laws in Virginia + Prison population JMU and Prison Labor Discussion Questions Content: Disparities that occur during imprisonment are the result of social factors including things related to poverty, employment, housing and family issues that may impact what happens to them during their very first encounter with law enforcement. Scholars have found that African Americans make up the majority of people living in poverty where a large amount of socio-economic vulnerabilities can cause higher crime rates, thus exposing them to disparities in the criminal justice system that may negatively impact them. People of color in America are disadvantaged from the very beginning. America makes up 5 percent of the world’s population; however, we house 25 percent of the world’s inmate population as a whole causing us to have the largest incarceration rate in the world. Out of the total 6.8 million incarcerated population, 2.3 million are black. According to a report by Dr. Ashley Nellis, African Americans are incarcerated in state prisons across the country at more than five times the rate of whites, and at least ten times the rate in five states. Because of this, mass incarceration has become a method of disenfranchising Black voters, shrinking the electorate, and engineering voter suppression. Additionally, Black Americans are incarcerated for drug-related offenses at a rate 10 times higher than that of white Americans although drug usage among the races is roughly the same. The high rate of incarceration among black people has major impacts on their mental and physical health and overall quality of life.	https://sites.lib.jmu.edu/civic/2020/09/17/slaves-of-the-state-13th-amendment-mass-incarceration-and-the-prison-industrial-complex/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_394941996#0_834725395	Title: Headings: An Instructor’s Guide to Understanding Privilege An Instructor’s Guide to Understanding Privilege An Instructor’s Guide to Understanding Privilege Overview Resource Goals: Understanding Privilege Resource Guide: Related Posts: Additional Insights: Content: An Instructor’s Guide to Understanding Privilege Instructor Preparation, Large Instructor Resource, Planning (Inclusive Classrooms) / By pabdoo An Instructor’s Guide to Understanding Privilege Overview The resource guide on this page can be used as a primer for instructors to better understand and attend to the ways privilege operates in the classroom. This downloadable resource guide is broken up into four sections: 1) Introduction to Privilege 2) Why Talking About and Acknowledging Privilege is Difficult 3) Privilege in the Classroom 4) Further Reading on Specific Kinds of Privilege Be sure to check out our other resource guides and activity guides to further your knowledge and practice on inclusive teaching! Resource Goals: To explain what privilege is and is not and why it matters. To familiarize instructors with why privilege is challenging to engage with and to help them work through those challenges both personally and with their students. To assist instructors in recognizing and addressing the way privilege impacts their classroom. Understanding Privilege Resource Guide: An Instructors Guide to Understanding Privilege – PDF Download An Instructors Guide to Understanding Privilege – Docx Download Related Posts: Additional Insights:	https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/inclusive-teaching/2017/08/29/an-instructors-guide-to-understanding-privilege/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396111094#0_836975973	Title: Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media \| Gender, Race, and Media Headings: Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media Muslim stereotypes Content: Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media \| Gender, Race, and Media Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media September 15, 2015 aya5472 Comm 205 Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV written by Omar, Adeline, Alyssa, Jon, and Alex The United States is now more diverse than it ever has been, but from watching Hollywood films and television programs it’s easy to overlook that development. That’s because characters of color remain underrepresented in mainstream movies and TV shows. In addition, many actors of color are asked to play stereotypical roles—from maids and immigrants to thugs and prostitutes in Hollywood. This lecture breaks down how African American, Irish, Hispanics, Italian, Jewish, and Middle Easterners continue to face stereotypes on both the big and small screen. These common misconceptions about groups of people are still being portrayed in the media. The inaccuracy of ethnic groups can affect how we perceive one another and relate to one another. Children are especially vulnerable to the media’s stereotypes because they have a very limited view of the world. African Americans African Americans are the most stereotyped people in the modern and historical United States. They are portrayed as lazy, unintelligent, loud, immoral, destructive, and obnoxious as well as being portrayed as criminals or thugs in the media. As with all stereotypes, these stereotypes are lazy and only used to denigrate people who are seen as “different” from the person asserting the stereotype.	https://sites.psu.edu/adelineartenie/2015/09/15/racial-stereotypes-in-filmtv-in-media/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396111094#1_836977897	Title: Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media \| Gender, Race, and Media Headings: Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media Racial Stereotypes in Film/TV in Media Muslim stereotypes Content: The inaccuracy of ethnic groups can affect how we perceive one another and relate to one another. Children are especially vulnerable to the media’s stereotypes because they have a very limited view of the world. African Americans African Americans are the most stereotyped people in the modern and historical United States. They are portrayed as lazy, unintelligent, loud, immoral, destructive, and obnoxious as well as being portrayed as criminals or thugs in the media. As with all stereotypes, these stereotypes are lazy and only used to denigrate people who are seen as “different” from the person asserting the stereotype. These stereotypes are pushed even further by the media and how African Americans are portrayed in films. They tend to be cast in only certain roles that can be considered racist or at a minimum, stereotypical. These roles include the “Magical Negro”, thugs, a maid or butler, and a brash woman. These casting patterns can have a huge impact on how African Americans are viewed, especially when they reinforce stereotypes that are demeaning. The thug role that African Americans portray in movies may be the most common stereotyped role.	https://sites.psu.edu/adelineartenie/2015/09/15/racial-stereotypes-in-filmtv-in-media/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396145985#3_837049625	Title: Colonization in Africa and the United States \| AFR 110: Intro to Contemporary Africa Headings: Colonization in Africa and the United States Colonization in Africa and the United States Content: These Empires traded slaves with the Europeans for guns that would help them secure and grow their empires. The slave trade had led to underdevelopment of the continent. This led to Africa being vulnerable to colonization by European forces in the late 1800’s. The Scramble for Africa following the Berlin Conference divvied up the continent between the European powers, leading to annexation of the continent. The impetus for the African colonization of the late 1800’s was much different to that of the colonization of the United States and the “New World.” American colonization was driven by the desire to conquer this “New World” and to lay claim to as much of the Americas as possible. The impetus for African colonization was driven by profit, and was done so take advantage of the continent’s resources and to dominate the continent. It wasn’t until after WWII did African’s begin to make strides towards independence from the European control. Ghana was the first colonized nation to gain independence from European colonial rule, and did so in the late 50s. Many African nations followed, but not without armed conflict in many regions, primarily where many European’s had settled.	https://sites.psu.edu/afr110/2014/10/08/colonization-in-africa-and-the-united-states/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396440836#4_837730966	Title: America’s Prison System is Flawed \| Applied Social Psychology (ASP) Headings: America’s Prison System is Flawed America’s Prison System is Flawed Content: Mass incarceration breaks up families and causes former convicts to become unemployed. This has raised the American poverty rate by 20%. ( 2017). Overall, Prisons in America are flawed in many ways. One flaw that plagues our system of punishment is racial bias. Black men are incarcerated more than white men even though they make up less of the population. Also, five times as many white people use drugs as African-Americans, but black people are imprisoned 10 times more (Lichtenberg, 2016). The third requirement of a good prison system is that similar crimes should be treated similarly, which is clearly not the case in our prisons. Colored people who commit the same crimes are not treated the same way as white people would be. Our prison system has many problems and is in desperate need of reform.	https://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2019/03/04/americas-prison-system-is-flawed/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396440836#5_837732143	Title: America’s Prison System is Flawed \| Applied Social Psychology (ASP) Headings: America’s Prison System is Flawed America’s Prison System is Flawed Content: Black men are incarcerated more than white men even though they make up less of the population. Also, five times as many white people use drugs as African-Americans, but black people are imprisoned 10 times more (Lichtenberg, 2016). The third requirement of a good prison system is that similar crimes should be treated similarly, which is clearly not the case in our prisons. Colored people who commit the same crimes are not treated the same way as white people would be. Our prison system has many problems and is in desperate need of reform. Some of these problems include inhumane living conditions, racial bias, and increased risk of reincarceration. We can solve these problems if we meet three requirements of an effective system. Firstly, the punishment has to fit the crime. Secondly, it has to do more harm than good. And, thirdly similar crimes should be sentenced in the same way.	https://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2019/03/04/americas-prison-system-is-flawed/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396656580#3_838170285	Title: The Roman Empire: The Fall of the Roman Republic \| Tiberius Headings: Content: Roman tradition became less and less important to political figures later on in the Roman Republic, until 30’s BC where much Roman tradition was considered a thing of the past. The fall of the senatorial power in Rome can be described by different specific events; for example, Tiberius Gracchus, elected tribune of the plebs in 133 BC, proposed a law known as Lex Sempronia Agraria, which in essence gave land to those who are poor and have fought in the army and had no land to return to. This is the first of many acts that started to define the different views and wants of the Optimates (the people of power, such as the senate) and the Populares (the roman people as a whole). Knowing that the senate would disagree with his proposal, he bypassed the senate and took his proposal directly to the Popular Assembly; this was considered a major insult to the senate. Tiberius Gracchus’s younger and more persistent brother, Gaius Gracchus, also broke many rules of tradition and was blatantly insulting towards the senate. Gracchus, however, focused much more on the enfranchisement of the Italian allies of Rome (this is seen as a move towards populares ). C. Marius began to break tradition and law as well by taking men into his army who did not own any land previously. Marius and Sulla were the first two political figures in Rome who used considerable military force to get what they wanted, and this trend continued all through the fall of the Roman Republic and into the Roman Empire.	https://sites.psu.edu/cams101tiberius/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396656580#4_838172068	Title: The Roman Empire: The Fall of the Roman Republic \| Tiberius Headings: Content: this was considered a major insult to the senate. Tiberius Gracchus’s younger and more persistent brother, Gaius Gracchus, also broke many rules of tradition and was blatantly insulting towards the senate. Gracchus, however, focused much more on the enfranchisement of the Italian allies of Rome (this is seen as a move towards populares ). C. Marius began to break tradition and law as well by taking men into his army who did not own any land previously. Marius and Sulla were the first two political figures in Rome who used considerable military force to get what they wanted, and this trend continued all through the fall of the Roman Republic and into the Roman Empire. Gaius Julius Caesar, previous general and consul of Rome, played a vital role in the fall of the Roman Republic. Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey), and Marcus Crassus together formed what was later called the “First Triumvirate” in 60 BC. Political differences and bickering eventually led to the fall of the Triumvirate, and Crassus’ death in 53 BC after a lost battle against Parthia in the East was the first true unsettlement in the Triumvirate. After years of civil war between Pompey and Caesar sparked from conflicting views, 48 BC marked Pompey’s brutal death in Egypt. 45 BC marked the true end of the civil war, leaving Caesar to be the only triumvir left of the First Triumvirate.	https://sites.psu.edu/cams101tiberius/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396856703#0_838624652	Title: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem \| Corrie Struthers Headings: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem Why is it important to recycle old TVs? Why Recycling E-waste Got Expensive? What Should Be Done? Content: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem \| Corrie Struthers The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem April 27, 2016 Corrie Struthers Starting July 1 st, dump trucks can drop old CRT TVs and other electronic devices into West Virginia’s landfills because the state overturned a bill that banned throwing away electronic waste. A recent article in NBC News expresses how old TVs and other electronics are creating a problem for recycling programs across the United States. The problem emerged because companies used to be able to recycle televisions for free but now they are being charged to send them somewhere else. Many companies can’t afford these charges and have to stop their recycling programs. Why is it important to recycle old TVs? Many electronic devices contain toxic substances like lead, mercury, beryllium and cadmium. When these devices are not disposed of properly, they become hazardous to our health and the environment especially if they leach out of a landfill. If e-waste does not get recycled, it will continue to cause harm to ourselves and the environment. Why Recycling E-waste Got Expensive? Many old TVs used to contain about 6 lbs of lead.	https://sites.psu.edu/cstruthersblog/2016/04/27/the-cost-of-recycling-e-waste-is-becoming-a-problem/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396856703#1_838626377	Title: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem \| Corrie Struthers Headings: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem Why is it important to recycle old TVs? Why Recycling E-waste Got Expensive? What Should Be Done? Content: Many electronic devices contain toxic substances like lead, mercury, beryllium and cadmium. When these devices are not disposed of properly, they become hazardous to our health and the environment especially if they leach out of a landfill. If e-waste does not get recycled, it will continue to cause harm to ourselves and the environment. Why Recycling E-waste Got Expensive? Many old TVs used to contain about 6 lbs of lead. This lead could be melted down to make new cathode ray tubes (CRT) for TVs. Now many televisions use LED and plasma which doesn’t contain lead. This created a weak demand for lead filled glass used in TVs. Other materials like gold and copper that are used in TVs have had a decline in prices which makes stripping old sets unprofitable. When the prices used to be higher, companies were more willing to recycle the old televisions.	https://sites.psu.edu/cstruthersblog/2016/04/27/the-cost-of-recycling-e-waste-is-becoming-a-problem/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_396856703#3_838629149	Title: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem \| Corrie Struthers Headings: The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem The Cost of Recycling E-Waste is becoming a Problem Why is it important to recycle old TVs? Why Recycling E-waste Got Expensive? What Should Be Done? Content: Companies are finding it easier to throw away e-waste into a landfill because of the increased cost of recycling. It is approximately $40 a pound to process a ton of trash and $360 a pound for electronic waste. Many companies can’t afford this cost of recycling. What Should Be Done? It is important to teach people the importance of properly recycling their electronics instead of dumping them even if it cost more. States should also provide financial assistance to the recycling companies to provide a cheaper and easier way to recycle e-waste. Manufacturers should also be more involved and provide funds for recycling programs. With this combination, recycling e-waste should be affordable and easy again. Post navigation ← →	https://sites.psu.edu/cstruthersblog/2016/04/27/the-cost-of-recycling-e-waste-is-becoming-a-problem/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_397005058#1_838951974	Title: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? \| The Evolution of Human Sexuality Headings: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Content: Or Old? February 19, 2014 Lee Bader 8 Comments In nearly all of human history and, in particular, human culture, we have recognized and integrated at least two genders. For most societies, this means labeling two sexes (male/female) and two genders (man/woman) with the ideas of transsexualism and homosexuality being their own separate sect as novel and unprecedented, however cases of a “third gender” are well documented in multiple societies. There are an overwhelming amount of examples of another or “third gender” in cultures in the past: In indigenous Hawaii, before its colonization, there was a long standing multiple gender tradition, where the mahu could be a male or female biologically, but decide to inhabit a gender role either opposite theirs, somewhere in between the traditional sex roles, or even both masculine and feminine roles. Instead of being written off as outcasts, as persons of atypical gender identities often are today, these mahu were revered in their social roles as sacred educators of ancient traditions In ancient Incan culture, the Incas worshipped a “dual gendered god” known as chuqui chinchay, who could only be attended and honored by third gender shamans or servants who wore androgynous clothing as “a visible sign of a third space that negotiated between the masculine and the feminine, the present and the past, the living and the dead.” Among the Sakalavas of Madagascar, there is a third gender group reserved especially for little boys thought to have a feminine appearance and personality. These boys, rather than labeled as “gay men” after maturing and experiencing the upbringing of a male, are instead raised by their parents as girls from a young age. Though many of these societies may refer to transsexuals or homosexuals as a third or separate gender, most of the time, these extra genders represent individuals who identify neither as men nor women. To most of these cultures, this means that the third gender symbolizes the intermediate condition between the genders or a state of being both. (	https://sites.psu.edu/evolutionofhumansexuality/2014/02/19/third-genders-new-concept-or-old/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_397005058#2_838954459	Title: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? \| The Evolution of Human Sexuality Headings: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Content: Instead of being written off as outcasts, as persons of atypical gender identities often are today, these mahu were revered in their social roles as sacred educators of ancient traditions In ancient Incan culture, the Incas worshipped a “dual gendered god” known as chuqui chinchay, who could only be attended and honored by third gender shamans or servants who wore androgynous clothing as “a visible sign of a third space that negotiated between the masculine and the feminine, the present and the past, the living and the dead.” Among the Sakalavas of Madagascar, there is a third gender group reserved especially for little boys thought to have a feminine appearance and personality. These boys, rather than labeled as “gay men” after maturing and experiencing the upbringing of a male, are instead raised by their parents as girls from a young age. Though many of these societies may refer to transsexuals or homosexuals as a third or separate gender, most of the time, these extra genders represent individuals who identify neither as men nor women. To most of these cultures, this means that the third gender symbolizes the intermediate condition between the genders or a state of being both. ( This is often described as the “spirit of a man in a woman’s body” and vice versa.) In layman’s terms, this means that individuals included in this third gender either have no gender affiliation, have the ability to cross or swap between genders, or are a gender category all together independent of the traditional male and female roles. It doesn’t always stop at third. Third genders are widely accepted as being understood as an “other” gender, but fourth, fifth, and sixth genders have been documented by anthropologists as well. In contemporary societies, people have started to draw a line between sex (biological and anatomical nature) and gender (social and psychological nature).	https://sites.psu.edu/evolutionofhumansexuality/2014/02/19/third-genders-new-concept-or-old/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_397005058#3_838956796	Title: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? \| The Evolution of Human Sexuality Headings: Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Third Genders: New Concept? Or Old? Content: This is often described as the “spirit of a man in a woman’s body” and vice versa.) In layman’s terms, this means that individuals included in this third gender either have no gender affiliation, have the ability to cross or swap between genders, or are a gender category all together independent of the traditional male and female roles. It doesn’t always stop at third. Third genders are widely accepted as being understood as an “other” gender, but fourth, fifth, and sixth genders have been documented by anthropologists as well. In contemporary societies, people have started to draw a line between sex (biological and anatomical nature) and gender (social and psychological nature). Many modern societies continue to be conservative with their idea of gender and only recognize a two-gender system, which they, ethnocentrically, believe to be the social norm. This is known as “heteronormativity”: female genitalia = female identity = feminine behavior = desire male partner male genitalia = male identity = masculine behavior = desire female partner Third genders are still documented in contemporary society today. The most well known of these cases are recorded in the Indian subcontinent in the roles of the “hijras”. Hijras are born intersex or male, but dress in feminine clothing, retaining a gender that is neither male nor female.	https://sites.psu.edu/evolutionofhumansexuality/2014/02/19/third-genders-new-concept-or-old/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_398217414#11_841686475	Title: U01: Ronald Reagan and the Federal Deinstitutionalization of Mentally Ill Patients \| PSY 833: Ethics and Leadership (Wheeler) Headings: Content: all., 2015). From the consequentialist perspective one can assume that Regan thought that cutting the budget for mental health issues would do less harm than not cutting the budget. The OBRA gave mental ill patients a choice to seek treatment outside of a mental institution and the freedom to administer their own medication but it also put a stronger burden on families and those very people who are ill. It removed guaranteed access to individuals with the expertise to treat the mentally ill. It removed the ability for families to easily navigate the system to find sound help. It allowed each state to decide how much funding should be put into caring for the mentally ill-which after everything else that the state budget must consider–depending on its importance receives or doesn’t receive funding. Whether the state provides a lucrative budget for mental health facilities, dictates the level of care one can receive. Then it’s up to the private companies to supplement the lack of facilities. And, only the elite or well-off have access to such facilities as they can be quite expensive or only accept a certain type of insurance.	https://sites.psu.edu/psy533wheeler/2017/02/08/u01-ronald-reagan-and-the-federal-deinstitutionalization-of-mentally-ill-patients/comment-page-1/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_398380781#5_842046247	Title: Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? \| Dreams Come True Headings: Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? Content: According to the A.C. Nielsen Co., the average American will spend a total of nine years watching TV in their lifetime. If this activity can eat up so much of our lives, it’s reasonable to think that it has some power over how we see the world. If the shows, movies, commercials, and news that Americans watched included more racially diverse people in diverse roles, viewers would probably become used to and more accepting of people of different races. In addition to this, media exposure could be a positive thing for members of minorities who feel ignored in American society. Lack of representation can be seen as a form of racial erasure, which is naturally disheartening for the people who are being overlooked. Many people even suffer from poor self-image because of their color and how it is portrayed in the media. This anonymous post on the Experience Project demonstrates how lack of representation in the media can make people feel insecure: “All the time on TV and in the magazines, I see these beautiful white girls with long, silky blond hair and flawless pale skin. And I ask myself: why am I stuck with almond brown skin and a head full of curly hair?”	https://sites.psu.edu/rclml/2014/01/31/race-in-the-media-is-representation-a-problem/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_398380781#6_842047827	Title: Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? \| Dreams Come True Headings: Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? Race in the Media: Is Representation a Problem? Content: Many people even suffer from poor self-image because of their color and how it is portrayed in the media. This anonymous post on the Experience Project demonstrates how lack of representation in the media can make people feel insecure: “All the time on TV and in the magazines, I see these beautiful white girls with long, silky blond hair and flawless pale skin. And I ask myself: why am I stuck with almond brown skin and a head full of curly hair?” Clearly, there are more issues to be addressed than just representation. After all, the depiction of people of color can be stereotypical and more harmful than helpful. But as a first step, the inclusion of racially diverse people works pretty well. It would serve a dual purpose by exposing viewers to people different than themselves and building up those who feel excluded. By doing this, the media can play a significant part in creating a more harmonious environment in the United States, where hateful comments like those against Amandla Sternberg, Nina Davuluri, Richard Sherman, and anyone who has been attacked like them would not be said.	https://sites.psu.edu/rclml/2014/01/31/race-in-the-media-is-representation-a-problem/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399092678#6_843762578	Title: The process of policy. Headings: The process of policy. The process of policy. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Content: Bills are presented to the House of Representatives where subcommittees and interest groups have the power to add amendments. The approved Bill is then sent to the Senate where more provisions may be made. Once approved through the Senate the bill is passed on to the President who can either chose to sign it making it a law, or veto it in which case the bill could only be overturned if 2/3 of Congress vote to pass the bill. Finally, once the bill has passed the legislative process it is forwarded to the agency which will be responsible for it’s implementation. The states are then responsible for establishing the bill protocol within their own governments. Now that you understand the complex process through which health policy is created, let’s take a look at this process in action. While I was in D.C. I attended a White House convening between Surgeon General Vivek Murthy and Secretary Julián Castro of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development . Image Source The convening focused on a proposed policy which would ban smoking within 25 feet of all public housing in the U.S. In the audience was a variety of public health professionals; physicians, government health agency employees, health advocates, non-profit employees, policy developers and health communicators. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the potential ramifications of passing the bill as well as identifying concerns that community members had with the proposed legislation changes.	https://sites.psu.edu/smithpassionblog2/2016/01/13/the-process-of-policy/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399431295#9_844652267	Title: Augustus \| Warfare in Roman Culture Headings: Augustus Augustus Content: Previously, the Roman army was an Greek/Italian style army made up by the common man. The average Roman soldier would be a volunteer who might have been a farmer or artisan in everyday life, was untrained, and would serve for around 10 years. Under Augustus, the Roman army was transformed into a true, professional army. Roman legionnaires were highly trained and served for closer to 20 years. Since the army is still made of volunteers, Augustus needed convince young Romans to dedicate their working life to the army. Thankfully for him, his entire reformation process was based around centralizing the Roman focus to the needs of the state, so he was already on his way to building a massively strong army. However on top of that he enacted a few laws that provided benefits for soldiers in the Roman army. For example, Augustus set aside a portion of the Roman treasury for the aerarium militare, or military treasury, which provided financial support such as pensions for the troops (“Augustan Army Reforms”). With more reason to join the army, Roman men jumped on the opportunity, and once again followed along with the visions of Augustus. Like every reform Augustus made this strengthened both Rome itself and the desire of the common man to further Roman glory.	https://sites.psu.edu/warfareinromanculture/augustus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399488601#0_844777448	Title: How to play videos through Blackboard Collaborate - Blackboard Help for Staff - University of Reading Headings: How to play videos through Blackboard Collaborate How to play videos through Blackboard Collaborate What types of audio can be shared? Using a Windows computer: Using a Mac: Using Mobile devices: How to share audio in a Blackboard Collaborate session Content: How to play videos through Blackboard Collaborate - Blackboard Help for Staff - University of Reading How to play videos through Blackboard Collaborate Blackboard Collaborate What types of audio can be shared? Using a Windows computer: Audio being played through a Chrome Tab (e.g. YouTube video, Box of Broadcasts, Podcast). System audio when sharing a screen (e.g. local MP4 video, embedded PowerPoint video * ). Audio when sharing an application (e.g. Windows Media Player, VLC player, Spotify). * Only if you use the screen/application sharing method described below, it won’t work if you upload your PowerPoint into Collaborate and play it that way. Using a Mac: Audio being played through a Chrome Tab (e.g. YouTube video, Box of Broadcasts, Online Podcast). Note: You will not be able to share audio through the Safari browser or by sharing screen or applications on a Mac;	https://sites.reading.ac.uk/tel-support/2020/02/14/sharing-computer-audio-with-blackboard-collaborate/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#0_845484419	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Christians are mostly against euthanasia. The arguments are usually based on the beliefs that life is given by God and that human beings are made in the image of God. Life is a gift from God . All life is God-given. Birth and death are part of the life processes which God has created, so we should respect them. Therefore no human being has the authority to take the life of any innocent person, even if that person wants to die Human beings are valuable because they are made in God’s ima ge. Human life possesses an intrinsic dignity and value because it is created by God in his own image for the distinctive destiny of sharing in God’s own life. Saying that God created humankind in his own image doesn’t mean that people actually look like God, but that people have a unique capacity for rational existence that enables them to see what is good and to want what is good. As people develop these abilities they live a life that is as close as possible to God’s life of love. This is a good thing, and life should be preserved so that people can go on doing this.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#3_845490454	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Furthermore, no one is permitted to ask for this act of killing, either for himself or herself or for another person entrusted to his or her care, nor can he or she consent to it, either explicitly or implicitly, nor can any authority legitimately recommend or permit such an action. For it is a question of the violation of the divine law, an offense against the dignity of the human person, a crime against life, and an attack on humanity. It may happen that, by reason of prolonged and barely tolerable pain, for deeply personal or other reasons, people may be led to believe that they can legitimately ask for death or obtain it for others. Although in these cases the guilt of the individual may be reduced or completely absent, nevertheless the error of judgment into which the conscience falls, perhaps in good faith, does not change the nature of this act of killing, which will always be in itself something to be rejected. The pleas of gravely ill people who sometimes ask for death are not to be understood as implying a true desire for euthanasia; in fact, it is almost always a case of an anguished plea for help and love. What a sick person needs, besides medical care, is love, the human and supernatural warmth with which the sick person can and ought to be surrounded by all those close to him or her, parents and children, doctors and nurses. Position of Protestant Denominations A number of Protestant denominations have issued statements on euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Conservative faith groups tend to be most vocal in their opposition. Liberal denominations tend to be more in favor of individual choice.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#4_845492647	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: in fact, it is almost always a case of an anguished plea for help and love. What a sick person needs, besides medical care, is love, the human and supernatural warmth with which the sick person can and ought to be surrounded by all those close to him or her, parents and children, doctors and nurses. Position of Protestant Denominations A number of Protestant denominations have issued statements on euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Conservative faith groups tend to be most vocal in their opposition. Liberal denominations tend to be more in favor of individual choice. Anglican: Rowan Williams, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, has stated that although ‘There is a very strong compassionate case’ for physician-assisted dying, the Anglican Church remains opposed to the practice. Some Episcopalians believe it is morally wrong to take human life with medication to relieve suffering caused by incurable illness. Others approve of assisted dying in rare cases. Episcopal:	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#5_845494198	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Anglican: Rowan Williams, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, has stated that although ‘There is a very strong compassionate case’ for physician-assisted dying, the Anglican Church remains opposed to the practice. Some Episcopalians believe it is morally wrong to take human life with medication to relieve suffering caused by incurable illness. Others approve of assisted dying in rare cases. Episcopal: Lutheran: As a church we affirm that deliberately destroying life created in the image of God is contrary to our Christian conscience. While this affirmation is clear, we also recognize that responsible health care professionals struggle to choose the lesser evil in ambiguous borderline situations — for example, when pain becomes so unmanageable that life is indistinguishable from torture. Baptist: Assisted dying violates the sanctity of human life.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#6_845495625	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Lutheran: As a church we affirm that deliberately destroying life created in the image of God is contrary to our Christian conscience. While this affirmation is clear, we also recognize that responsible health care professionals struggle to choose the lesser evil in ambiguous borderline situations — for example, when pain becomes so unmanageable that life is indistinguishable from torture. Baptist: Assisted dying violates the sanctity of human life. Methodist: Methodists generally accept the individual’s freedom of conscience to determine the means and timing of death. Some regional conferences have endorsed the legalization of physician assisted dying. ‘Euthanasia’ or ‘mercy-killing’ of a patient by a physician or by anyone else, including the patient himself (suicide) is murder. Presbyterian Church in America:	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#7_845497029	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Methodist: Methodists generally accept the individual’s freedom of conscience to determine the means and timing of death. Some regional conferences have endorsed the legalization of physician assisted dying. ‘Euthanasia’ or ‘mercy-killing’ of a patient by a physician or by anyone else, including the patient himself (suicide) is murder. Presbyterian Church in America: United Church of Christ: The Church affirms individual freedom and responsibility. It has not asserted that hastened dying is the Christian position, but the right to choose is a legitimate Christian decision. Pro-choice statements have been made by the United Church of Christ, and the Methodist Church on the US West coast. The Episcopalian, Methodist, and Presbyterian are amongst the most liberal, allowing at least individual decision making in cases of active euthanasia.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#8_845498452	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: United Church of Christ: The Church affirms individual freedom and responsibility. It has not asserted that hastened dying is the Christian position, but the right to choose is a legitimate Christian decision. Pro-choice statements have been made by the United Church of Christ, and the Methodist Church on the US West coast. The Episcopalian, Methodist, and Presbyterian are amongst the most liberal, allowing at least individual decision making in cases of active euthanasia. Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and all other types of suicide are almost unanimously condemned in Jewish thought, primarily because it is viewed as taking something (a human life) that belongs to God for “only He who gives life may take it away.” For Judaism, human life is, “created in the image of God.” Although life is considered to be God’s creation and good, human life is related to God in a special way: it is sacred.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#9_845500007	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and all other types of suicide are almost unanimously condemned in Jewish thought, primarily because it is viewed as taking something (a human life) that belongs to God for “only He who gives life may take it away.” For Judaism, human life is, “created in the image of God.” Although life is considered to be God’s creation and good, human life is related to God in a special way: it is sacred. The sanctity of human life prescribes that, in any situation short of self-defense or martyrdom, human life must be treated as an end in itself. It may thus not be terminated or shortened because of considerations of the patient’s convenience or usefulness, or even sympathy with the suffering of the patient. Thus euthanasia may not be performed either in the interest of the patient or of anyone else. Jewish law strongly condemns any act that shortens life and treats the killing of a person whom the doctors say will die in any event to be an act of murder. Positive euthanasia is thus ruled out.	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399797122#10_845501690	Title: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia - Institute of Clinical Bioethics Headings: Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia Religious Perspectives On Euthanasia General Christian View Position of Protestant Denominations Episcopal: Presbyterian Church in America: Mainline and Liberal Christian denominations: Position of Judaism Position of Islam Content: The sanctity of human life prescribes that, in any situation short of self-defense or martyrdom, human life must be treated as an end in itself. It may thus not be terminated or shortened because of considerations of the patient’s convenience or usefulness, or even sympathy with the suffering of the patient. Thus euthanasia may not be performed either in the interest of the patient or of anyone else. Jewish law strongly condemns any act that shortens life and treats the killing of a person whom the doctors say will die in any event to be an act of murder. Positive euthanasia is thus ruled out. Even individual autonomy is secondary to the sanctity of human. Position of Islam Human life per se is a value to be respected unconditionally. The concept of a life not worth living does not exist in Islam. Justification of taking life to escape suffering is not acceptable in Islam. The Prophet Mohammad said: “	https://sites.sju.edu/icb/religious-perspectives-on-euthanasia/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399854516#1_845607624	Title: How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? \| samanthacurtis Headings: How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? Content: They enjoyed few political, legal, or social rights and were expected to be subservient to their husbands and fathers in all matters. However, with the coming of the First World War and the industrial revolution the demand for workers to produce goods was higher than the available men in the U.S. at the time. As a result, women gained entry into the workforce and from that grew to establish gender equality within the United States permanently. Prior to World War I and the Industrial Revolution, women were primarily homemakers. The few jobs that were available to them were being a maid or a servant to a noble family, which entailed the exact same work ethic they applied when caring for their own families. There was little to no education for women and almost no opportunity for growth and advancement within the workplace. Along with the long-hours and hard working conditions, pregnant women were also expected to continue working up until their due date and return to work almost immediately afterward. Combining exhaustion with the sub-par medical practices of the time, most women had a severely low life expectancy and ended up literally working themselves to death. Toward the late 19 th century World War I broke out, also bringing on an increased demand for wartime goods and weaponry. With the men abroad, women stepped in to fill their shoes working in factories and acting as nurses to the wounded who returned home.	https://sites.suffolk.edu/slcurtis92/2013/02/12/how-did-the-roles-of-women-change-over-the-course-of-the-late-19th-century/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_399854516#2_845609574	Title: How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? \| samanthacurtis Headings: How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? How Did the Roles of Women Change Over the Course of the Late 19th Century? Content: There was little to no education for women and almost no opportunity for growth and advancement within the workplace. Along with the long-hours and hard working conditions, pregnant women were also expected to continue working up until their due date and return to work almost immediately afterward. Combining exhaustion with the sub-par medical practices of the time, most women had a severely low life expectancy and ended up literally working themselves to death. Toward the late 19 th century World War I broke out, also bringing on an increased demand for wartime goods and weaponry. With the men abroad, women stepped in to fill their shoes working in factories and acting as nurses to the wounded who returned home. This was the first time women were able to branch out in the workforce and try their hand at manual labor. Following the war came the Industrial Revolution, which increased production drastically, and the need for workers even more so than before. Utilizing this platform, women of the late 1800’s utilized it to increase their involvement in politics and enforce their right to vote. With these developments came a drastic shift from rural to city life and the lessening of women dealing only with domestic affairs. The end of the 19 th century marked a time of change and reform for women.	https://sites.suffolk.edu/slcurtis92/2013/02/12/how-did-the-roles-of-women-change-over-the-course-of-the-late-19th-century/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_400442806#3_846614205	Title: Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet – UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog Headings: Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet The Good The Bad Digital Citizenship and Human Rights Content: politicians can directly speak to voters who then participate in the political arena without leaving their home. Technological advancements in communication play an important role in influencing electoral behavior, easing the accessibility of political information. The Internet makes it easier to find out a candidate’s platform, what they want to work for, and their history. By using the internet in this way, people are engaging in what is now known as “ digital citizenship .” A “digital citizen” is one who engages in democratic affairs in conventional ways by using an unconventional medium such as their laptop or smartphone. The media’s role in elections and politics has grown exponentially since the 1960s. Prior to television, presidential candidates relied on the radio, think of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s fireside chats, and other interpersonal means to communicate with voters: caucuses, party conventions, town halls, and so on. As technology progressed and television became widely accessible, reliance on interpersonal connections diminished and reliance upon the media grew. Power transitioned from party leaders and bosses to the candidates – as they were able to take control of their campaign, so long as their actions were worthy enough to make headlines.	https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2019/01/18/digital-citizenship-the-good-the-bad-the-role-of-the-internet/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_400442806#4_846616088	Title: Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet – UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog Headings: Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet Digital Citizenship: The Good, The Bad, & The Role of the Internet The Good The Bad Digital Citizenship and Human Rights Content: The media’s role in elections and politics has grown exponentially since the 1960s. Prior to television, presidential candidates relied on the radio, think of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s fireside chats, and other interpersonal means to communicate with voters: caucuses, party conventions, town halls, and so on. As technology progressed and television became widely accessible, reliance on interpersonal connections diminished and reliance upon the media grew. Power transitioned from party leaders and bosses to the candidates – as they were able to take control of their campaign, so long as their actions were worthy enough to make headlines. This transfer of power once benefitted only the candidates; however, now the power resides with the media: for they decide what suits their audiences, and who America sees. This transfer of power greatly impacts our political processes. When politicians are their own bosses, they are able to disregard societal “norms” and use populist rhetoric to enhance their performance in the political realm.	https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2019/01/18/digital-citizenship-the-good-the-bad-the-role-of-the-internet/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_400740984#6_846907463	Title: Headings: LOSS OF THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD— HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* JOAN BEDER, DSW INTRODUCTION THE NATURE OF ATTACHMENTS THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD BACK TO MARK AND RUTH ASSUMPTIVE WORLD VIOLATION HOW TO HELP WITH THE RELEARNING A WORD ABOUT HOPE FINAL WORDS ABOUT MARK AND BARBARA REFERENCES Content: Ensuing depression and bereavement followed both losses but the grief period was extended and complex. In addition to the usual bereavement issues with deaths of this type—sudden and fracturing—each of these two people experienced a violation of their assumptive world. This article will introduce (or perhaps reintroduce) the reader to the concept of the assumptive world as it relates to death, especially traumatic death, and explore ways of working with those who suffer violations in this way. And, it may make each of us examine our assumptive worlds in the process. THE NATURE OF ATTACHMENTS Death, in most instances, is perceived by those who grieve as a shattering experience. The use of the word shattering has particular meaning here, as loss often renders incomprehensible many aspects of life. If we have loved someone, the loss of them is excruciatingly painful; if we lose someone with whom we have had a conflicted relationship, the ensuing loss is complicated by ambivalent feelings; if we lose someone with whom we have had angry feelings and the time to repair them has not be granted, then loss can mean relief and guilt. Loss is a part of life and living as is connection and caring.	https://sites.ualberta.ca/~jennyy/PDFs/16913955.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_400740984#7_846910082	Title: Headings: LOSS OF THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD— HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* JOAN BEDER, DSW INTRODUCTION THE NATURE OF ATTACHMENTS THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD BACK TO MARK AND RUTH ASSUMPTIVE WORLD VIOLATION HOW TO HELP WITH THE RELEARNING A WORD ABOUT HOPE FINAL WORDS ABOUT MARK AND BARBARA REFERENCES Content: The use of the word shattering has particular meaning here, as loss often renders incomprehensible many aspects of life. If we have loved someone, the loss of them is excruciatingly painful; if we lose someone with whom we have had a conflicted relationship, the ensuing loss is complicated by ambivalent feelings; if we lose someone with whom we have had angry feelings and the time to repair them has not be granted, then loss can mean relief and guilt. Loss is a part of life and living as is connection and caring. When death occurs, there is usually a complex package of feelings and emotions for the survivor(s). There are many theorists who have described why there is such pain when there is a death. The work of John Bowlby (1980) stands out as seminal in understanding the nature of attachment and loss. Bowlby is the chief architect of attachment theory. His formulation is based on work with children struggling with maternal loss and subsequent psychopathology and delinquency (Shaver & Tancredy, 2001).	https://sites.ualberta.ca/~jennyy/PDFs/16913955.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_400740984#10_846917679	Title: Headings: LOSS OF THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD— HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* HOW WE DEAL WITH DEATH AND LOSS* JOAN BEDER, DSW INTRODUCTION THE NATURE OF ATTACHMENTS THE ASSUMPTIVE WORLD BACK TO MARK AND RUTH ASSUMPTIVE WORLD VIOLATION HOW TO HELP WITH THE RELEARNING A WORD ABOUT HOPE FINAL WORDS ABOUT MARK AND BARBARA REFERENCES Content: When there is an absence of an attachment figure through death, an innate motivational system is activated that compels the individual to search for the deceased and do everything possible to regain that person’s proximity and care. When these efforts fail, the bereaved individual experiences profound sorrow and despair. In time, the bereaved individual reorganizes his or her representations of the world in a way that allows him or her to return to normal activities and seek out or renew social relationships (Farley & Shaver, 1999). Attachment theory implies that the loss of an attachment figure will be an important and deeply troubling event, especially if there are levels of emotional dependency involved. Interestingly, adults also show the need for attachment, especially when they are under stress and are disposed to cling to one another (Kastenbaum, 2001; Shaver & Tancredy, 2001). Attachment behavior leads to the development of affectional bonds (attachments) at first between child and parent and later between adult and adult. The attachment behavior is instinctive and it creates a bond which endures. When the attachment bond is endangered by threat of loss, powerful reactions are noted (Bowlby, 1980; Raphael, 1983).	https://sites.ualberta.ca/~jennyy/PDFs/16913955.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_401303173#1_847995633	Title: Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries \| British Literature Wiki Headings: Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries Introduction Family Life Role of Women and Men Social Life London and the Job Market Entertainment Sports Media References Content: This page explores the social structure of Britain, its impact on life, both private and public, as well as the new developments that changed the way the people spent their leisure time. There was a clear gap between the wealthy and the poor, which made itself visible in almost all aspects of life, but there were certain areas where class was unimportant. Family Life The family lives of people were separated by two distinctions: roles for men versus roles for women, and social class. In general, men were the breadwinners, providing income for the family, whereas the mothers were in charge of the household. This role grew more prominent with more wealth, as with that came more estate to manage. Marriage was also very closely tied to social class; women were seldom married into lower social rungs. It also came with heavy social implications for the family’s legacy and reputation among their peers. Role of Women and Men Women had to take on various roles in the household during the 17th and 18th centuries.	https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/social-and-family-life-in-the-late17th-early-18th-centuries/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_28_401303173#2_847997244	Title: Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries \| British Literature Wiki Headings: Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries Social and Family Life in the Late17th & Early 18th Centuries Introduction Family Life Role of Women and Men Social Life London and the Job Market Entertainment Sports Media References Content: This role grew more prominent with more wealth, as with that came more estate to manage. Marriage was also very closely tied to social class; women were seldom married into lower social rungs. It also came with heavy social implications for the family’s legacy and reputation among their peers. Role of Women and Men Women had to take on various roles in the household during the 17th and 18th centuries. They were responsible for running the household, and for more affluent families, managing the servants. Women, or mothers, were also responsible for raising and educating their children. In addition, they were responsible for cooking and feeding the family. This required women to be well-educated in medicinal and culinary uses of herbs and plants, needlework, reading, and writing. In general, women had very few rights and experienced oppression at the hands of the patriarchy.	https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/social-and-family-life-in-the-late17th-early-18th-centuries/

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