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msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_66975076#14_107804583	Title: Taylor Swift’s Net Worth 2021, Age, Height, Boyfriend, Parents, Parents Headings: Taylor Swift’s Net Worth 2021, Age, Height, Boyfriend, Parents Taylor Swift’s Net Worth 2021, Age, Height, Boyfriend, Parents How much is Taylor Swift’s Net Worth 2021? Table of Contents Who is Taylor Swift? Biography Career Journey Her popular singles include, “We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together”, “Shake It Off”, “Blank Space”, “Look What You Made Me Do”, and many more. Taylor Swift ’s Social Profiles Taylor Swift Twitter Account Taylor Swift Twitter Profile Instagram Account Taylor Swift on Youtube and Podcast Youtube Channel Account Listen to Taylor Swift on Spotify How Does Taylor Swift’s Net Worth reach $400 Million in 2021? How Real Estate Investment contributes to Taylor Swift’s net worth? Taylor Swift Perfumes & colognes Which Taylor Swift Perfume is the best? What does Taylor Swift perfume smell like? Where can you get Taylor Swift perfume? Taylor Swift’s Age & Birthday Taylor Swift Parents Taylor Swift Cats Taylor Swift Height & Weight Body Measurements Taylor Swift Boyfriend & Husband 2. Lucas Till (2009) 3. Taylor Lautner (2009) 4. John Mayer (2010) 5. Toby Hemingway (2010) 6. Eddie Redmayne (from 2011 to 2012) Who has Taylor Swift dated after 2012? 1. Harry Styles (from November 2012 to 2013) 1. Evan Spiegel (from 2013 to 2014) 2. Calvin Harris (from 2015 to 2016) Taylor Swift and Joe Alwyn (from 2016 till Present) Who is Taylor Swift Dating in 2021? Some More Facts To Know About Taylor Swift Summary Source of Information What do you think about Taylor Swift ’s net worth 2021, Boyfriend? Comment below. Content: Where can you get Taylor Swift perfume? Taylor Swift’s different fragrances of perfume are available on Amazon.com: Taylor Swift perfume. READ Jon Taffer's Net Worth 2021, Age, Height, Wife, Earning Taylor Swift’s Age & Birthday She was born on December 13, 1989, in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. According to her birthdate, Taylor Swift’s age is 31 years as of 2021. Her real (birth) name is Taylor Alison Swift. Her nicknames are Swifty, TayTay, T-Fugly, Tay, Tayter Tot, and America’s Sweetheart. She was raised with her younger brother, Austin Kingsley Swift (American actor). She spent her childhood on a Christmas tree farm. This farm was bought by her father from his client. After a few years, she shifted to the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania.	https://www.scintillatingstars.com/taylor-swift-net-worth-2020-2021-age-height-boyfriend/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_70240356#2_113488189	Title: Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process Headings: Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process SCM NEWS & OPINIONS Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process Content: Afraid of bringing discredit to the government? In my experience most prosecutors uphold their duties. Unfortunately, not all. Prosecutors should be held to account when they do not, in the form of sanctions for contempt. Or more serious, including formal action against their licenses to practice law. Indeed, if the consequence of a violation had some actual teeth, if judges actually referred to State bar associations the violations, and sanctioned them for such misconduct, withholding exculpatory evidence would become much rarer. Usually, a defendant never finds out the prosecution cheated. There is very little oversight. And in my experience, supervisors have the backs of line prosecutors when violations occur. Rule 3.8 of Rules of Professional Conduct (Utah’s, and these are based on uniform professional standards), provides that “The prosecutor in a criminal case shall . . . [	https://www.scmlaw.com/defendants-are-entitled-to-a-fair-trial-and-due-process/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_70240356#3_113489506	Title: Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process Headings: Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process SCM NEWS & OPINIONS Defendants are entitled to a fair trial and due process Content: Indeed, if the consequence of a violation had some actual teeth, if judges actually referred to State bar associations the violations, and sanctioned them for such misconduct, withholding exculpatory evidence would become much rarer. Usually, a defendant never finds out the prosecution cheated. There is very little oversight. And in my experience, supervisors have the backs of line prosecutors when violations occur. Rule 3.8 of Rules of Professional Conduct (Utah’s, and these are based on uniform professional standards), provides that “The prosecutor in a criminal case shall . . . [ m]ake timely disclosure to the defense of all evidence of information known to the prosecutor that tends to negate the guilty of the accused or mitigates the offense . . . “ So it’s a mistrial. Prosecutors go home at the end of the day while certain defendants often remain in custody. Huge waste of resources. The case will likely be retried.	https://www.scmlaw.com/defendants-are-entitled-to-a-fair-trial-and-due-process/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_74540768#6_124074505	Title: Top 25+ Cyber Bullying Facts and How To Avoid It - Scoopify Headings: Top 25+ Cyber Bullying Facts and How To Avoid It Top 25+ Cyber Bullying Facts and How To Avoid It Table of Contents Major cyber bullying facts: Cyber bullying facts for children: Cyber bullying facts as per the numbers: Commonly reported categories of cyber bullying facts: Gender specific cyber bullying facts: Cyber bullying facts and effects: Some special concerns: How you can stay away from cyber bullying: What to and what not to do if cyber bullied: Content: Around 87 percent of youth witnessed the act of cyber bullying. 24 percent of the daughters and sons do not even know how to deal with the situation called cyber bullying. 15 percent of the students accepted that they have cyber bullied others. One of these facts is one kid in every three kids feel that as compared to the real world they are more accepted in the world of social networking sites. Commonly reported categories of cyber bullying facts: 13 percent of the children who are the victims of cyber bullying has come across hurtful comments. Nearly 19 percent of cyber bullying in the society holders the tail of rumours to walk. Now, this is unbelievable in the 21st century but around 26 percent of the cyber bullying preys are chosen depending upon their religion and race. 72 percent of the teenagers said that they get bullied because of their looks. 22 percent of victim children feel that they were bullied due to their sexuality.	https://www.scoopify.org/cyber-bullying-facts/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_79092462#7_139348580	Title: Can I Add Utility Bills to My Credit Report? - ScoreSense Headings: Can I Add Utility Bills to My Credit Report? Can I Add Utility Bills to My Credit Report? ScoreSense Why Don’t Utility Payments Appear on My Credit Report? Missed Utility Payments Can Affect Your Credit Can Paying Bills With a Credit Card Help My Credit? Points to Remember Content: You sometimes pay less than the full balance on your card. You’re using your card because you can’t afford to pay cash. Your utility bills will push your card balance above 30% of your credit limit. Credit card balances carry very high-interest rates if you carry them beyond the due date, so you want to be very sure that you can pay those bills off on time. Credit card debt can quickly spiral out of control if you use your card to delay payments. Credit utilization affects your credit. If your credit card balance is over 30% of your credit limit, you may damage your credit. Not all utility companies will accept credit card payments. Some charge an additional convenience fee for card payments. Be sure to consider these fees when you’re deciding how to pay your utility bills.	https://www.scoresense.com/add-utility-bills-to-credit-report/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_79269746#18_139866477	Title: 12 Business Metrics That Every Company Should Know \| Scoro Headings: 12 Business Metrics That Every Company Should Know Work Management 12 Business Metrics That Every Company Should Know Business metrics, also called KPIs (key performance indicators) display a measurable value that shows the progress of a company’s business goals. Read On: What is a KPI? (The Complete Guide) 1. Sales Revenue How to measure: Read on: Business Management Trends You Should Quit in 2017 How to improve: 2. Net Profit Margin How to measure: 3. Gross Margin 4. Sales Growth Year-to-date 5. Cost of Customer Acquisition 6. Customer loyalty and retention How to measure: 7. Net Promoter Score How to improve: 8. Qualified leads per month Read more: TOP 8 Proven Tactics to Boost Your Customer Relationships 9. Lead-to-Client Conversion Rate How to measure: Read on: Business Management Trends You Should Quit in 2017 10. Monthly website traffic How to measure: How to improve: Read on: All-time Best Hacks for Business Optimization and Analysis 11. Met and Overdue Milestones How to measure: Read on: Business Management Software How to improve: 12. Employee Happiness How to improve: Quick recap Content: This marketing metric can be measured on a ten-point scale by conducting customer surveys and interviews. The easiest way is to ask this question in the follow-up email of a product order or new subscription. It takes some time to gather data and evaluate the results but it gives you many insights into how to improve your product/service. To calculate the Net Promoter Score, subtract the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters. How to improve: Provide the very best customer service and deliver high-quality service. Offer benefits and information that your customers didn’t even expect to receive to make their user experience as good as possible. 8. Qualified leads per month As your company grows, you’ll be able to invest more resources in marketing and sales. Soon, you’re going to have hundreds of new leads each month.	https://www.scoro.com/blog/12-business-metrics/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_82826094#4_147858424	Title: Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned - Scottish Field Headings: Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned Haggis, black pudding and Irn Bru are three Scottish food favourites which have been banned around the world. 1. Irn Bru 2. Haggis 3. Black pudding 4. Farm-raised salmon 5. Foreign cheese 6. Tomato ketchup 7. Soybeans 8. Chewing gum 9. Fugu 10. Samosas 11. Artifical colours and dyes 12. Salt and pepper Content: Farmed salmon are often raised on genetically engineered grains and synthetic astazanthin made from petrochemicals to give the salmon its bright pinkish colour. These chemicals haven’t been approved for human consumption and could damage eyesight, which is why the farmed fish is banned in Australia in New Zealand. 5. Foreign cheese Banned in Russia. in 2014, Russia introduced an import ban on a range of foreign foods, including cheese and meat. Whilst many Russians were initially upset about their lack of foreign cheeses, the ban has seen local businesses take the initiative to create their own versions of the worldwide greats. 6. Tomato ketchup Banned in France. Ketchup is banned in schools, except once a week when served with fries, due to concersn that pupils may distance themselves from traditional cuisine. 7.	https://www.scottishfield.co.uk/food-and-drink-2/where-irn-bru-haggis-and-black-pudding-are-banned/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_82826094#5_147859990	Title: Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned - Scottish Field Headings: Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned Where Irn Bru, haggis and black pudding are banned Haggis, black pudding and Irn Bru are three Scottish food favourites which have been banned around the world. 1. Irn Bru 2. Haggis 3. Black pudding 4. Farm-raised salmon 5. Foreign cheese 6. Tomato ketchup 7. Soybeans 8. Chewing gum 9. Fugu 10. Samosas 11. Artifical colours and dyes 12. Salt and pepper Content: Whilst many Russians were initially upset about their lack of foreign cheeses, the ban has seen local businesses take the initiative to create their own versions of the worldwide greats. 6. Tomato ketchup Banned in France. Ketchup is banned in schools, except once a week when served with fries, due to concersn that pupils may distance themselves from traditional cuisine. 7. Soybeans Banned in more than half of Europe. Countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary and Luxembourg have banned them, because genetically modified soybeans make up more than 90% of all the soybeans grown in the US in 2015. More than half the counties in the EU chose to ban their farmers from growing genetically modified crops. 8. Chewing gum Banned in Singapore.	https://www.scottishfield.co.uk/food-and-drink-2/where-irn-bru-haggis-and-black-pudding-are-banned/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_83391169#4_148684761	Title: What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband \| Scott LaPierre Headings: What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband What Respect Looks Like to a Husband Admiration Communicates Respect Trustworthiness Communicates Respect Protectiveness Communicates Respect Appreciation Communicates Respect What Disrespect Looks Like to a Husband Discontentment Disparaging Speech and Body Language Second-Guessing Badmouthing Dad to the Kids Learning Your Husband’s Respect Gauge Learning, Then Embracing Understanding Respect in Marriage from the…Military? Husbands, Make Respecting You Easier! Discussion Questions for Husbands and Wives Husbands Wives Content: With the prevalence of social media, a wife’s criticism of her husband can be much more damaging than when she gossips to her friends. With a single click of the mouse, hundreds of people can become aware of the wife’s accusations against her husband. Also regarding the Virtuous Wife: Her husband is [respected] in the gates when he sits among the elders of the land. Proverbs 31:23 Why is there a verse praising a husband in a passage that is all about his wife? How is his position a credit to her? This husband would not be respected and sitting among the elders if he had a wife whose behavior or speech caused others to lose respect for him. There are husbands who will never achieve leadership positions in their church or community because of the way their wives demean them or damage their reputation behind their backs. Appreciation Communicates Respect A wife respects her husband by expressing appreciation of how hard he works to care for his family and by considering the sacrifices he makes to be a good father and husband. Few attitudes communicate respect more than thankfulness, and few attitudes communicate disrespect more than ingratitude.	https://www.scottlapierre.org/what-respect-and-disrespect-look-like-to-a-husband/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_83391169#5_148686884	Title: What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband \| Scott LaPierre Headings: What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband What Respect and Disrespect Look Like to a Husband What Respect Looks Like to a Husband Admiration Communicates Respect Trustworthiness Communicates Respect Protectiveness Communicates Respect Appreciation Communicates Respect What Disrespect Looks Like to a Husband Discontentment Disparaging Speech and Body Language Second-Guessing Badmouthing Dad to the Kids Learning Your Husband’s Respect Gauge Learning, Then Embracing Understanding Respect in Marriage from the…Military? Husbands, Make Respecting You Easier! Discussion Questions for Husbands and Wives Husbands Wives Content: How is his position a credit to her? This husband would not be respected and sitting among the elders if he had a wife whose behavior or speech caused others to lose respect for him. There are husbands who will never achieve leadership positions in their church or community because of the way their wives demean them or damage their reputation behind their backs. Appreciation Communicates Respect A wife respects her husband by expressing appreciation of how hard he works to care for his family and by considering the sacrifices he makes to be a good father and husband. Few attitudes communicate respect more than thankfulness, and few attitudes communicate disrespect more than ingratitude. And this leads us to the next section. What Disrespect Looks Like to a Husband Conversely, no matter how much a wife might profess her love, certain attitudes communicate disrespect to her husband. Discontentment When a wife routinely expresses frustration with her life, her home, her family, or her possessions, she is disrespecting her husband. A discontented wife makes her husband feel like a failure because he is the one—at least in her eyes—who is not providing well enough. Disparaging Speech and Body Language A wife disrespects her husband when she:	https://www.scottlapierre.org/what-respect-and-disrespect-look-like-to-a-husband/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_88328227#1_158937234	Title: Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom \| Scranton Products Headings: Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom Why Is Inclusivity Important? How to Promote Inclusivity in Your Classroom Celebrating Schools That Practice Inclusivity and Diversity Content: There are two main issues that arise when talking about inclusivity: a feeling of belonging and stereotype threat. When students have a feeling of belonging within the classroom or in the educational institution as a whole, they’re less likely to struggle with coursework and campus life. Creating a sense of belonging helps students to integrate into the educational institution and aids them in achieving their educational goals. Stereotype threat, on the other hand, is the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s own in-group, especially when the student strongly identifies with that group. This can significantly impact the focus and performance of students and create other cognitive obstacles. Students from less privileged socioeconomic statuses, women in math and science classes, members of the LGBT community, and students of other backgrounds are at risk of suffering from stereotype threat. By promoting inclusivity and diversity in the classroom, teachers can significantly lower the instances of these barriers to learning. How to Promote Inclusivity in Your Classroom With a little bit of planning, you can help to promote inclusivity and diversity in the classroom. The first step it to ensure that you include diverse ideas, content, and materials.	https://www.scrantonproducts.com/promoting-inclusivity-diversity-in-classroom/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_88328227#2_158939071	Title: Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom \| Scranton Products Headings: Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity in Your Classroom Why Is Inclusivity Important? How to Promote Inclusivity in Your Classroom Celebrating Schools That Practice Inclusivity and Diversity Content: This can significantly impact the focus and performance of students and create other cognitive obstacles. Students from less privileged socioeconomic statuses, women in math and science classes, members of the LGBT community, and students of other backgrounds are at risk of suffering from stereotype threat. By promoting inclusivity and diversity in the classroom, teachers can significantly lower the instances of these barriers to learning. How to Promote Inclusivity in Your Classroom With a little bit of planning, you can help to promote inclusivity and diversity in the classroom. The first step it to ensure that you include diverse ideas, content, and materials. Whenever you’re constructing a syllabus, be sure to include context and diverse resources to illustrate your lesson plan. It’s also important to be aware of any biases that you may have or any experiences that may shape your perspective or selection of materials. Other ways to promote inclusivity in the classroom is to foster an inclusive environment. Encourage students to contribute and set clear expectations for how you’d like students to interact with each other so as to keep a certain level of respect and fairness. As the educational facilitator, it’s important that you show respect for all comments and questions and provide an atmosphere where students feel safe to contribute.	https://www.scrantonproducts.com/promoting-inclusivity-diversity-in-classroom/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_100047265#0_187683829	Title: Descriptive Research Design \| Definition, Methods and Examples Headings: Descriptive research Descriptive research Table of contents When to use a descriptive research design Descriptive research methods Surveys Observations Case studies Is this article helpful? Shona McCombes Content: Descriptive Research Design \| Definition, Methods and Examples Descriptive research Published on May 15, 2019 by Shona McCombes. Revised on September 3, 2020. Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and measures them. Table of contents When to use a descriptive research design Descriptive research methods When to use a descriptive research design Descriptive research is an appropriate choice when the research aim is to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, and categories. It is useful when not much is known yet about the topic or problem. Before you can research why something happens, you need to understand how, when and where it happens. Descriptive research question examples How has the Amsterdam housing market changed over the past 20 years?	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_100047265#3_187688747	Title: Descriptive Research Design \| Definition, Methods and Examples Headings: Descriptive research Descriptive research Table of contents When to use a descriptive research design Descriptive research methods Surveys Observations Case studies Is this article helpful? Shona McCombes Content: The research design should be carefully developed to ensure that the results are valid and reliable. Surveys Survey research allows you to gather large volumes of data that can be analyzed for frequencies, averages and patterns. Common uses of surveys include: Describing the demographics of a country or region Gauging public opinion on political and social topics Evaluating satisfaction with a company’s products or an organization’s services Observations Observations allow you to gather data on behaviours and phenomena without having to rely on the honesty and accuracy of respondents. This method is often used by psychological, social and market researchers to understand how people act in real-life situations. Observation of physical entities and phenomena is also an important part of research in the natural sciences. Before you can develop testable hypotheses, models or theories, it’s necessary to observe and systematically describe the subject under investigation. Case studies A case study can be used to describe the characteristics of a specific subject (such as a person, group, event or organization). Instead of gathering a large volume of data to identify patterns across time or location, case studies gather detailed data to identify the characteristics of a narrowly defined subject. Rather than aiming to describe generalizable facts, case studies often focus on unusual or interesting cases that challenge assumptions, add complexity, or reveal something new about a research problem.	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_100047265#4_187690762	Title: Descriptive Research Design \| Definition, Methods and Examples Headings: Descriptive research Descriptive research Table of contents When to use a descriptive research design Descriptive research methods Surveys Observations Case studies Is this article helpful? Shona McCombes Content: Observation of physical entities and phenomena is also an important part of research in the natural sciences. Before you can develop testable hypotheses, models or theories, it’s necessary to observe and systematically describe the subject under investigation. Case studies A case study can be used to describe the characteristics of a specific subject (such as a person, group, event or organization). Instead of gathering a large volume of data to identify patterns across time or location, case studies gather detailed data to identify the characteristics of a narrowly defined subject. Rather than aiming to describe generalizable facts, case studies often focus on unusual or interesting cases that challenge assumptions, add complexity, or reveal something new about a research problem. Is this article helpful? You have already voted. Thanks :-) Your vote is saved :-) Processing your vote... Shona McCombes Shona has a bachelor's and two master's degrees, so she's an expert at writing a great thesis. She has also worked as an editor and teacher, working with students at all different levels to improve their academic writing.	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_100258755#14_188235817	Title: What is Qualitative Research? \| Methods & Examples Headings: An introduction to qualitative research An introduction to qualitative research Table of contents Approaches to qualitative research Qualitative research approaches Qualitative research methods Receive feedback on language, structure and layout Qualitative data analysis Advantages of qualitative research Disadvantages of qualitative research Frequently asked questions about qualitative research What’s the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods? What are the main qualitative research approaches? What is data collection? How do you analyze qualitative data? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Content: Natural settings Data collection occurs in real-world contexts or in naturalistic ways. Meaningful insights Detailed descriptions of people’s experiences, feelings and perceptions can be used in designing, testing or improving systems or products. Generation of new ideas Open-ended responses mean that researchers can uncover novel problems or opportunities that they wouldn’t have thought of otherwise. Disadvantages of qualitative research Researchers must consider practical and theoretical limitations in analyzing and interpreting their data. Qualitative research suffers from: Unreliability The real-world setting often makes qualitative research unreliable because of uncontrolled factors that affect the data. Subjectivity Due to the researcher’s primary role in analyzing and interpreting data, qualitative research cannot be replicated. The researcher decides what is important and what is irrelevant in data analysis, so interpretations of the same data can vary greatly. Limited generalizability Small samples are often used to gather detailed data about specific contexts. Despite rigorous analysis procedures, it is difficult to draw generalizable conclusions because the data may be biased and unrepresentative of the wider population.	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_100258755#15_188237988	Title: What is Qualitative Research? \| Methods & Examples Headings: An introduction to qualitative research An introduction to qualitative research Table of contents Approaches to qualitative research Qualitative research approaches Qualitative research methods Receive feedback on language, structure and layout Qualitative data analysis Advantages of qualitative research Disadvantages of qualitative research Frequently asked questions about qualitative research What’s the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods? What are the main qualitative research approaches? What is data collection? How do you analyze qualitative data? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Content: Unreliability The real-world setting often makes qualitative research unreliable because of uncontrolled factors that affect the data. Subjectivity Due to the researcher’s primary role in analyzing and interpreting data, qualitative research cannot be replicated. The researcher decides what is important and what is irrelevant in data analysis, so interpretations of the same data can vary greatly. Limited generalizability Small samples are often used to gather detailed data about specific contexts. Despite rigorous analysis procedures, it is difficult to draw generalizable conclusions because the data may be biased and unrepresentative of the wider population. Labor-intensive Although software can be used to manage and record large amounts of text, data analysis often has to be checked or performed manually. Frequently asked questions about qualitative research What’s the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods? Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings. Quantitative methods allow you to test a hypothesis by systematically collecting and analyzing data, while qualitative methods allow you to explore ideas and experiences in depth. What are the main qualitative research approaches?	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_101127699#0_190648485	Title: Understanding Confidence Intervals \| Easy Examples & Formulas Headings: Confidence intervals explained Confidence intervals explained What exactly is a confidence interval? Confidence level = 1 − a When do you use confidence intervals? Calculating a confidence interval: what you need to know Point estimate Finding the critical value Finding the standard deviation Sample size What can proofreading do for your paper? Confidence interval for the mean of normally-distributed data Confidence interval for proportions Confidence interval for non-normally distributed data Reporting confidence intervals Caution when using confidence intervals Frequently asked questions about confidence intervals What is the difference between a confidence interval and a confidence level? How do you calculate a confidence interval? What is a standard normal distribution? What are z-scores and t-scores? What is a critical value? What does it mean if my confidence interval includes zero? How do I calculate a confidence interval if my data are not normally distributed? Is this article helpful? Rebecca Bevans Content: Understanding Confidence Intervals \| Easy Examples & Formulas Confidence intervals explained Published on August 7, 2020 by Rebecca Bevans. Revised on February 11, 2021. When you make an estimate in statistics, whether it is a summary statistic or a test statistic, there is always uncertainty around that estimate because the number is based on a sample of the population you are studying. The confidence interval is the range of values that you expect your estimate to fall between a certain percentage of the time if you run your experiment again or re-sample the population in the same way. The confidence level is the percentage of times you expect to reproduce an estimate between the upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval, and is set by the alpha value. What exactly is a confidence interval? A confidence interval is the mean of your estimate plus and minus the variation in that estimate. This is the range of values you expect your estimate to fall between if you redo your test, within a certain level of confidence. Confidence, in statistics, is another way to describe probability. For example, if you construct a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level, you are confident that 95 out of 100 times the estimate will fall between the upper and lower values specified by the confidence interval.	https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/confidence-interval/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_101127699#1_190651132	Title: Understanding Confidence Intervals \| Easy Examples & Formulas Headings: Confidence intervals explained Confidence intervals explained What exactly is a confidence interval? Confidence level = 1 − a When do you use confidence intervals? Calculating a confidence interval: what you need to know Point estimate Finding the critical value Finding the standard deviation Sample size What can proofreading do for your paper? Confidence interval for the mean of normally-distributed data Confidence interval for proportions Confidence interval for non-normally distributed data Reporting confidence intervals Caution when using confidence intervals Frequently asked questions about confidence intervals What is the difference between a confidence interval and a confidence level? How do you calculate a confidence interval? What is a standard normal distribution? What are z-scores and t-scores? What is a critical value? What does it mean if my confidence interval includes zero? How do I calculate a confidence interval if my data are not normally distributed? Is this article helpful? Rebecca Bevans Content: What exactly is a confidence interval? A confidence interval is the mean of your estimate plus and minus the variation in that estimate. This is the range of values you expect your estimate to fall between if you redo your test, within a certain level of confidence. Confidence, in statistics, is another way to describe probability. For example, if you construct a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level, you are confident that 95 out of 100 times the estimate will fall between the upper and lower values specified by the confidence interval. Your desired confidence level is usually one minus the alpha ( a ) value you used in your statistical test: Confidence level = 1 − a So if you use an alpha value of p < 0.05 for statistical significance, then your confidence level would be 1 − 0.05 = 0.95, or 95%. When do you use confidence intervals? You can calculate confidence intervals for many kinds of statistical estimates, including: Proportions Population means Differences between population means or proportions Estimates of variation among groups These are all point estimates, and don’t give any information about the variation around the number.	https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/confidence-interval/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_101168725#7_190777456	Title: Inferential Statistics \| An Easy Introduction & Examples Headings: An introduction to inferential statistics An introduction to inferential statistics Table of contents Descriptive versus inferential statistics Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Sampling error in inferential statistics Estimating population parameters from sample statistics Confidence intervals What is your plagiarism score? Hypothesis testing Comparison tests Correlation tests Regression tests Frequently asked questions about inferential statistics What’s the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? What’s the difference between a statistic and a parameter? What is sampling error? What is hypothesis testing? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Content: There are two important types of estimates you can make about the population: point estimates and interval estimates. A point estimate is a single value estimate of a parameter. For instance, a sample mean is a point estimate of a population mean. An interval estimate gives you a range of values where the parameter is expected to lie. A confidence interval is the most common type of interval estimate. Both types of estimates are important for gathering a clear idea of where a parameter is likely to lie. Confidence intervals A confidence interval uses the variability around a statistic to come up with an interval estimate for a parameter. Confidence intervals are useful for estimating parameters because they take sampling error into account. While a point estimate gives you a precise value for the parameter you are interested in, a confidence interval tells you the uncertainty of the point estimate.	https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/inferential-statistics/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_101168725#8_190779349	Title: Inferential Statistics \| An Easy Introduction & Examples Headings: An introduction to inferential statistics An introduction to inferential statistics Table of contents Descriptive versus inferential statistics Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Sampling error in inferential statistics Estimating population parameters from sample statistics Confidence intervals What is your plagiarism score? Hypothesis testing Comparison tests Correlation tests Regression tests Frequently asked questions about inferential statistics What’s the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? What’s the difference between a statistic and a parameter? What is sampling error? What is hypothesis testing? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Content: A confidence interval is the most common type of interval estimate. Both types of estimates are important for gathering a clear idea of where a parameter is likely to lie. Confidence intervals A confidence interval uses the variability around a statistic to come up with an interval estimate for a parameter. Confidence intervals are useful for estimating parameters because they take sampling error into account. While a point estimate gives you a precise value for the parameter you are interested in, a confidence interval tells you the uncertainty of the point estimate. They are best used in combination with each other. Each confidence interval is associated with a confidence level. A confidence level tells you the probability (in percentage) of the interval containing the parameter estimate if you repeat the study again. A 95% confidence interval means that if you repeat your study with a new sample in exactly the same way 100 times, you can expect your estimate to lie within the specified range of values 95 times. Although you can say that your estimate will lie within the interval a certain percentage of the time, you cannot say for sure that the actual population parameter will.	https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/inferential-statistics/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_101168725#9_190781530	Title: Inferential Statistics \| An Easy Introduction & Examples Headings: An introduction to inferential statistics An introduction to inferential statistics Table of contents Descriptive versus inferential statistics Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Sampling error in inferential statistics Estimating population parameters from sample statistics Confidence intervals What is your plagiarism score? Hypothesis testing Comparison tests Correlation tests Regression tests Frequently asked questions about inferential statistics What’s the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? What’s the difference between a statistic and a parameter? What is sampling error? What is hypothesis testing? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Content: They are best used in combination with each other. Each confidence interval is associated with a confidence level. A confidence level tells you the probability (in percentage) of the interval containing the parameter estimate if you repeat the study again. A 95% confidence interval means that if you repeat your study with a new sample in exactly the same way 100 times, you can expect your estimate to lie within the specified range of values 95 times. Although you can say that your estimate will lie within the interval a certain percentage of the time, you cannot say for sure that the actual population parameter will. That’s because you can’t know the true value of the population parameter without collecting data from the full population. However, with random sampling and a suitable sample size, you can reasonably expect your confidence interval to contain the parameter a certain percentage of the time. Example: Point estimate and confidence interval You want to know the average number of paid vacation days that employees at an international company receive. After collecting survey responses from a random sample, you calculate a point estimate and a confidence interval.	https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/inferential-statistics/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_123398437#3_215194970	Title: Gender Socialization \| Socialization \| Gender Role Headings: Gender Socialization Gender Socialization Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now 1 REENA MERIN CHERIAN DATE : 23RD JANUARY, 2009 Toys for boys tend to encourage exploration, manipulation, invention, Girls? Toys typically rate high on creativity, nurturance, and Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from musical technique from a friend we like. Socialization is of several Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on AGENCIES PROMOTING GENDER SOCIALIZATION 1. The family being the integral part of every individual 2. Education also acts as key agency in developing gender This socialization of femininity begins much earlier than the Teachers socialize girls towards a feminine ideal. Girls are likely to rank independence and competence as more Clearly the socialization of gender is reinforced at school, 4. Under the secondary socialization, are the work environment, when Andre Aggassi broke down after loosing in the men’s 5. The mass media which serve as a medium of communication 6. Religion is a major agency of socialization because it embodies In conclusion, it is from the agencies of socialization that we learn how END PRODUCTS OF GENDER SOCIALIZATION There are several end products or consequences of gender Gender Identity: Perception of Difference in Gender self concept involving a person’s self concept as male or a female. 4. Gender role identification: the degree to which an individual What is Early Gender Socialization and how early does it start? “What are little boys made of? At the process starts at birth and involves learning cultural roles CONCEPTION Child learns social categories Sex identity becomes clear THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION It is also clear from the comments received that gender socialization is Theories on Gender Socialization Early Childhood Gender Socialization (Three types of theories explain gender socialization: • Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focuses on children’s observations • Social learning theories are behaviorist theories that rely on • Cognitive developmental theories posit that “children learn One problem with some variants of this perspective is the assumption She recommends substituting an “individual differences” lens that What characteristics of male and female gender roles can lead to There is a universal pattern of gender role expectations that can be Among the contributors to the discussion, Malaak Zalouk eloquently Jennifer Strauss commented: “We need to emphasize the common How can we improve our understanding and promote positive Gary Barker reminded us that ’positive’ is a relative term and is A summary of recommendations made by several contributors (based This list of recommendations for positive gender socialization is a good This draws attention to an important socialization process that starts at SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS As social workers gender socialization should be regarded as a tool to • Chinoy, Ely (1961) Society: An Introduction to Sociology, New Trending Rate Share Content: The term sex and gender are used interchangeably but the literary meaning is different from its usual usage sex is defined in biological terms, the exact definition calls for, “maleness or femaleness as determined by genetic factors present at conception that result in anatomical and physiological factors.” This indicates the influence of factors like genes (i.e. whether the chromosome combination is XX or XY), the effect of hormones largely referring to gonadotropin and the presence of characteristic physiological factors. However gender refers to everything associated with an individual’s sex that is societal roles, expectations, behaviors, preferences and attributes that define a male or after male in a particular culture. It is defined as “the attributes, behavior, personality characteristics and expectancies associated with a person’s biological sex in a given culture. Gender differences can be erased on biology learning and the combination of the two.” SOCIALIZATION Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life (unless some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning process). Sometimes the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art or f 3 musical technique from a friend we like. Socialization is of several types.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/22154247/Gender-Socialization
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_125031729#3_216849104	Title: A Model of Human Occupation Approach \| Psychotherapy \| System Headings: A Model of Human Occupation Approach A Model of Human Occupation Approach Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now A Model Of Human The picture of how person cope with and  1. therapy is an event that comes into a life in ( problems at performing , organizing ,  He has an eighth grade education and  -Carl has along history of psychiatric  -He was disoriented and reported hearing  -He was unable to articulate his  -Data were therefore gathered from  -Occasionally, he would ride the bus to  The short term goal was to encourage  -He preferred to work alone, He reported strong interest in gardening/* He has no continuous roles, but indicates* The long term goal of occupational therapy* Carl was encouraged to pursue the role of- Carl will attend psychiatric day treatment* It also suggested that Carl be assigned task- -A MODEL OF HUMAN OCCUPATION THEORY AND - PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN OCCUPATION Rate Share Content: -communication skills -process skills -perceptual motor skills ffInteraction with environment - There are 4 environmental layers interact with human system: - Object - Task - Social group - culture f Assessment  Therapeutic reasoning:  Process for MOHO concepts and resources to understand and address clients needs.  Therapeutic reasoning involves six steps:  1-generating questions about the client  2-generating information on, from, and with the client  3-using the information gathered to create an explanation on the clients situation.  4-generating goals and strategies for therapy  5-implementation and monitoring therapy  6-detarming outcomes of therapy f Generating questions  Therapist must understand their clients before planning therapy  This understand begins with ask question about each clients  Moho concepts provide a framework for generating these questions  occupational performance history interview occupational identity scale , occupational competence scale , occupational behavior sitting scale f Gathering information  Therapist must gather information on, from , and with the client in order to answer the question to they have generated about the client  Information gathering may take advantage of informal ,naturally occurring opportunities.  Therapist also use structured moho assessment some these assessment focus on specific factors such as interest and roles while other capture comprehensive information on several aspects of the person and the environment . f Creating a theory-based understanding of clients  Information that therapists gather to answer question about their clients is used to cerate is a theory-based understand of those clients  To this end, therapist use moho theory as framework for creating a conceptualization or explanation of each particular clients situation  As part of creating a conceptualization of clients circumstance ,therapists identify problem or challenge to address as well as strengths that can be built upon in therapy fGenerating theory goals and strategies  The theory-based understanding of clients is used to:  Generate therapy goals  Decide what kinds of occupational engagement will enable the client to change  Determine what type of therapist strategies will be needed to support the client of change fTherapeutic strategies identified by MOHO  Identifying: locating and sharing a range of personal , procedural ,and-or environmental factor that can facilitate occupational performance.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/23377992/A-Model-of-Human-Occupation-Approach
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_125031729#4_216853082	Title: A Model of Human Occupation Approach \| Psychotherapy \| System Headings: A Model of Human Occupation Approach A Model of Human Occupation Approach Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now A Model Of Human The picture of how person cope with and  1. therapy is an event that comes into a life in ( problems at performing , organizing ,  He has an eighth grade education and  -Carl has along history of psychiatric  -He was disoriented and reported hearing  -He was unable to articulate his  -Data were therefore gathered from  -Occasionally, he would ride the bus to  The short term goal was to encourage  -He preferred to work alone, He reported strong interest in gardening/* He has no continuous roles, but indicates* The long term goal of occupational therapy* Carl was encouraged to pursue the role of- Carl will attend psychiatric day treatment* It also suggested that Carl be assigned task- -A MODEL OF HUMAN OCCUPATION THEORY AND - PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN OCCUPATION Rate Share Content:  4-generating goals and strategies for therapy  5-implementation and monitoring therapy  6-detarming outcomes of therapy f Generating questions  Therapist must understand their clients before planning therapy  This understand begins with ask question about each clients  Moho concepts provide a framework for generating these questions  occupational performance history interview occupational identity scale , occupational competence scale , occupational behavior sitting scale f Gathering information  Therapist must gather information on, from , and with the client in order to answer the question to they have generated about the client  Information gathering may take advantage of informal ,naturally occurring opportunities.  Therapist also use structured moho assessment some these assessment focus on specific factors such as interest and roles while other capture comprehensive information on several aspects of the person and the environment . f Creating a theory-based understanding of clients  Information that therapists gather to answer question about their clients is used to cerate is a theory-based understand of those clients  To this end, therapist use moho theory as framework for creating a conceptualization or explanation of each particular clients situation  As part of creating a conceptualization of clients circumstance ,therapists identify problem or challenge to address as well as strengths that can be built upon in therapy fGenerating theory goals and strategies  The theory-based understanding of clients is used to:  Generate therapy goals  Decide what kinds of occupational engagement will enable the client to change  Determine what type of therapist strategies will be needed to support the client of change fTherapeutic strategies identified by MOHO  Identifying: locating and sharing a range of personal , procedural ,and-or environmental factor that can facilitate occupational performance.  Giving feedback: sharing one understanding of the clients situation or ongoing action .  Advising: recommending intervention goals- strategies.  Physical support:	https://www.scribd.com/doc/23377992/A-Model-of-Human-Occupation-Approach
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_125031729#6_216859216	Title: A Model of Human Occupation Approach \| Psychotherapy \| System Headings: A Model of Human Occupation Approach A Model of Human Occupation Approach Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now A Model Of Human The picture of how person cope with and  1. therapy is an event that comes into a life in ( problems at performing , organizing ,  He has an eighth grade education and  -Carl has along history of psychiatric  -He was disoriented and reported hearing  -He was unable to articulate his  -Data were therefore gathered from  -Occasionally, he would ride the bus to  The short term goal was to encourage  -He preferred to work alone, He reported strong interest in gardening/* He has no continuous roles, but indicates* The long term goal of occupational therapy* Carl was encouraged to pursue the role of- Carl will attend psychiatric day treatment* It also suggested that Carl be assigned task- -A MODEL OF HUMAN OCCUPATION THEORY AND - PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN OCCUPATION Rate Share Content: using one body to provide support for a client to complete an occupational from-task. f Implementation and monitoring therapy  Monitoring how the therapy process unfolds may confirm the therapist conceptualization of the client situation or it may require the therapist to rethink the clients situation .  The monitoring process may confirm the utility of the planned client occupation engagement and therapist strategies f Collecting information to assess outcome  Important finally step in the therapy process  Typically therapy outcomes are documented by:  1-examining the extent to which goals have been achieved  2-readministering structured to determine whether the clients score have improved  Both approaches are valuable means of determine whether positive outcome have been achieved ,they are sometime used in combination. f Therapeutic intervention The picture of how person cope with and adapt to disability serve as general frame work for under standing what therapeutic intervention we can accomplish. f Therapeutic strategies identified by MOHO 1. Validating : attending to and acknowledging the client’s experience 2. Identifying : locating and sharing a range of personal, procedural, and\or environmental factors that can facilitate occupational performance 3.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/23377992/A-Model-of-Human-Occupation-Approach
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_125335196#6_217272194	Title: Effects of war on economy \| Economics \| Welfare Headings: Effects of war on economy Effects of war on economy Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now EFFECTS OF WAR ON ECONOMY Case study: History of combat by the United States of America. A stronger administration and an improved economy enabled the United States Other writers have emphasized the continuity of industrial development prior to Sharp limits on defence spending during the administration of President Dwight Rate Share Content: Charles and Mary Beard in The Rise of American Civilization (1927) and Louis Hacker in The Triumph of American Capitalism (1940) argued that the Civil War destroyed not only slavery but also the Southern “slaveocracy”, thus allowing the balance of political power to shift to Northern industrialists and hence spurring American economic growth. Prior to these accounts, the classical economists (Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus) were concerned with the effects of war on aggregate demand. The eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries saw very high levels of military expenditures in Britain, for example, which these economists believed had a negative impact on industrial growth. The national debts resulting from war, Smith believed, “enfeebled every state ….. enriching in most cases the idle and profuse debtor at the expense of the most industrious and frugal creditor.” Critics of the capitalist system in more recent years have argued that capitalist societies are prone to periodic stagnation, and that only wars of the magnitude of World War II are capable of curing massive unemployment. Alternatively, liberal economists argue that war, and particularly World War II, was the strongest influence establishing Keynesian economics as a guideline and a justification for U.S. government fiscal policies for the post-war era—policies that led to widespread employment, high earnings, and a modest measure of income redistribution. Even some strong opponents of the Vietnam War began to argue in the mid‐1990s that full employment was only possible in the late 1960s because of that war. If the effect of military spending during the war years is the most obvious point of impact on the economy, the most lasting one has to do with veterans' benefits paid after the war to veterans and their dependents. Veterans' benefits have been paid for every war since the American Revolution. They amounted to about two‐thirds of the total dollar cost of the Revolutionary War;	https://www.scribd.com/doc/23648967/Effects-of-war-on-economy
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_125335196#7_217274969	Title: Effects of war on economy \| Economics \| Welfare Headings: Effects of war on economy Effects of war on economy Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now EFFECTS OF WAR ON ECONOMY Case study: History of combat by the United States of America. A stronger administration and an improved economy enabled the United States Other writers have emphasized the continuity of industrial development prior to Sharp limits on defence spending during the administration of President Dwight Rate Share Content: Alternatively, liberal economists argue that war, and particularly World War II, was the strongest influence establishing Keynesian economics as a guideline and a justification for U.S. government fiscal policies for the post-war era—policies that led to widespread employment, high earnings, and a modest measure of income redistribution. Even some strong opponents of the Vietnam War began to argue in the mid‐1990s that full employment was only possible in the late 1960s because of that war. If the effect of military spending during the war years is the most obvious point of impact on the economy, the most lasting one has to do with veterans' benefits paid after the war to veterans and their dependents. Veterans' benefits have been paid for every war since the American Revolution. They amounted to about two‐thirds of the total dollar cost of the Revolutionary War; more than half the cost of the War of 1812; and 3.7 times the cost of mobilizing the Union forces in the Civil War. Surprisingly, these benefits continued to rise for about forty to sixty years after the end of each of these wars and did not cease until well over a century later. Benefits for Civil War veterans and spouses ceased only in the 1980s; World War II benefits will be paid until sometime after 2070.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/23648967/Effects-of-war-on-economy
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_133645818#10_228222740	Title: Human Fetal Growth Lab \| Fetus \| Prenatal Development Headings: Human Fetal Growth Lab Human Fetal Growth Lab Original Title: Uploaded by api-320549212 Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now Human Fetal Growth Length of a Developing Fetus PART B: GRAPHING THE LENTH OF A DEVELOPING FETUS fPART C: GRAPHING THE MASS OF A DEVELOPING FETUS Rate Share Content: 3. Begin at 0, and connect the points to complete the graph. Table 2 - Mass of a Developing Fetus Time (weeks) Mass (grams) 4 0.5 8 1 12 15 16 100 20 300 24 650 28 1100 32 1700 36 2400 38 3300s ANALYSIS: 1. What is the actual length of the fetus at week 9? 65 mm 2. How much mass does the fetus gain from 0 to 8 weeks of development? 1 gram 3. Look at Figures 2 and 3 for the halfway point in development at week 19. a. Is the fetus about half of its full length at this time?	https://www.scribd.com/doc/314948527/human-fetal-growth-lab
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_133645818#11_228223817	Title: Human Fetal Growth Lab \| Fetus \| Prenatal Development Headings: Human Fetal Growth Lab Human Fetal Growth Lab Original Title: Uploaded by api-320549212 Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now Human Fetal Growth Length of a Developing Fetus PART B: GRAPHING THE LENTH OF A DEVELOPING FETUS fPART C: GRAPHING THE MASS OF A DEVELOPING FETUS Rate Share Content: 65 mm 2. How much mass does the fetus gain from 0 to 8 weeks of development? 1 gram 3. Look at Figures 2 and 3 for the halfway point in development at week 19. a. Is the fetus about half of its full length at this time? Yes, its close b. Is the fetus about half of its full mass at this time? No 4. During which time period shown in Table 1 does the fetus show the greatest increase in actual length? Week 16 Week 20 5. During which time period shown in Table 1 does the fetus show the greatest increase in mass?	https://www.scribd.com/doc/314948527/human-fetal-growth-lab
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_133645818#14_228227057	Title: Human Fetal Growth Lab \| Fetus \| Prenatal Development Headings: Human Fetal Growth Lab Human Fetal Growth Lab Original Title: Uploaded by api-320549212 Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now Human Fetal Growth Length of a Developing Fetus PART B: GRAPHING THE LENTH OF A DEVELOPING FETUS fPART C: GRAPHING THE MASS OF A DEVELOPING FETUS Rate Share Content: It would be harder for the mother to carry a heavy baby for 38 weeks. Nature takes it slow. 8. At what week does the fetus reach: a. about half its full length? About Week 19 b. about half its full mass? About Week 32 9. If a premature baby is born with a mass of: a. 2200 grams, about how old is the baby? 35 Weeks old b. 1800 grams, about how old is the baby?	https://www.scribd.com/doc/314948527/human-fetal-growth-lab
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_139442491#16_238150747	Title: The SPACE Matrix \| Swot Analysis \| Strategic Management Headings: The SPACE Matrix The SPACE Matrix Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now The SPACE matrix is a management tool used to analyze a company. What is the SPACE matrix strategic management method? This is what a completed SPACE matrix looks like: Internal strategic dimensions: Financial strength (FS) External strategic dimensions: Environmental stability (ES) The following are a few model technical assumptions: - The FS and ES dimensions of the model are plotted on the Y axis. How do I construct a SPACE matrix? Step 1: Choose a set of variables to be used to gauge the competitive SPACE matrix example SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a The internal analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of the internal environment's The SWOT analysis summarizes the external environmental factors as a list of Multiple Perspectives Needed SWOT Analysis Limitations In consulting engagements with General Electric in the 1970's, McKinsey & Business Unit Strength The GE / McKinsey matrix is similar to the BCG growth-share matrix in that it • The GE matrix generalizes the axes as "Industry Attractiveness" and Industry attractiveness and business unit strength are calculated by first The vertical axis of the GE / McKinsey matrix is industry attractiveness, which is • Market growth rate + factor valueN x factor weightingN Business Unit Strength Plotting the Information • Market size is represented by the size of the circle. The following is an example of such a representation: Resource allocation recommendations can be made to grow, hold, or harvest a • Grow strong business units in attractive industries, average business units BCG Matrix Model A low-growth product is for example an established product known by the market. Placing products in the BCG matrix results in 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: BCG STARS (high growth, high market share) - Stars are defined by having high market share in a growing market. BCG QUESTION MARKS (high growth, low market share) BCG CASH COWS (low growth, high market share) - Cash cows are in a position of high market share in a mature market. BCG DOGS (low growth, low market share) And now, let's put all this into a picture: Are there any problems with the BCG matrix model? Some limitations of the BCG matrix model include: Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market The four segments of the BCG Matrix Placing products in the BCG matrix provides 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: • Cash Cows (low growth, high market share) the BCG Matrix and one size fits all strategies Other uses and benefits of the BCG Matrix Limitations of the BCG Matrix Some limitations of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix include: • It neglects the effects of synergy between business units. BCG Matrix Forum Grand Strategy Steps • Step Two. Identify your Values, Beliefs, Attitudes and Capabilities. • Step Three. Write your Mission Statement. • Step Four. Perform an Environmental Scan. • Step Five. Perform a SWOT Analysis. • Step Six. Determine your Strategic Focus. • Step Seven. Seek Performance Breakthroughs. • Step Eight. Understand and Apply Cause and Effect Relationships. • Step Nine. Develop a Strategy Map. • Step Twelve. Execute, Adjust, Execute. Grand Strategy: building your foundation What business are you in and where are you now? • Where are you going? • Attitudes – emotional orientations exhibited by you and your business toward • Capabilities – inherent knowledge and relationships that support getting work • Why are you in business? • What industry are you in (retail, wholesale, finance, manufacturing, durable or • Who are your stakeholders (employees, suppliers, customers, investors and  Emerging Products and Services Strategic Focus breaks down into the following three disciplines: • Operational Excellence – emphasizes efficient operations and costs controls to • Crisis – the time you spend solving unanticipated problems • Breakthrough – the deliberate time you spend on creative efforts to improve • Customer Capital – the relationship, level of satisfaction, reputation, potential for Financial Performance Goals – Increase Revenues and Profitability increase customer satisfaction to cause increased revenues and profitability) Customer Capital Goal - Increase Customer Satisfaction  (What would it take to accomplish this Strategic Goal? Their Performance Example: Increase Revenue and Profits Customer (Place Goals here) Capital Example: Reduce Customer Losses and Defections by Increasing Customer Satisfaction Structural (Place Goals here) Human (Place Goals here) Financial Perspective KPMs: -Cash Flow - $xxx Customer Capital KPMs: Structural Capital KPMs: -Ratio of Sales Persons to General and Administrative - x/y -Time to Market for New Products – x months -Inventory Turnover – 100% every x months • -Mystery Shoppers Rating of Store Product Display and Appeal – Grade Human Capital KPMs: -Employee Turnover - x% per period -Average Days missed per Employee – x% -Employee Satisfaction - x% Highly Satisfied, Satisfied and so on -Number of Suggestions Submitted - xx -Number of Suggestions Adopted – xx -Number of Employees Fully Qualified for Their Position – xx So translate all of your Strategy Map goals into KPMs. Grand Strategy Scorecard Perspective/ Quarterly Data Source/ Goals KPM Target Actual Status* Owner Profitability ROI 12% 13% (+) CFO Satisfaction Sat Rating 95% 94% (-) Customer Create and Maintain Grade A- A- (0) Mystery * (+) = ahead of target / (0) = on target / (-) = behind target The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) Steps in preparation of QSPM Key Internal Factors Key External Factors Trending Rate Share Content: The SWOT analysis can serve as an interpretative filter to reduce the information to a manageable quantity of key issues. The SWOT analysis classifies the internal aspects of the company as strengths or weaknesses and the external situational factors as opportunities or threats. Strengths can serve as a foundation for building a competitive advantage, and weaknesses may hinder it. By understanding these four aspects of its situation, a firm can better leverage its strengths, correct its weaknesses, capitalize on golden opportunities, and deter potentially devastating threats. Internal Analysis The internal analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of the internal environment's potential strengths and weaknesses. Factors should be evaluated across the organization in areas such as: • Company culture • Company image • Organizational structure • Key staff • Access to natural resources • Position on the experience curve • Operational efficiency • Operational capacity • Brand awareness • Market share • Financial resources • Exclusive contracts • Patents and trade secrets The SWOT analysis summarizes the internal factors of the firm as a list of strengths and weaknesses. External Analysis fAn opportunity is the chance to introduce a new product or service that can generate superior returns. Opportunities can arise when changes occur in the external environment. Many of these changes can be perceived as threats to the market position of existing products and may necessitate a change in product specifications or the development of new products in order for the firm to remain competitive.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/41739334/The-SPACE-Matrix
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_139442491#17_238158749	Title: The SPACE Matrix \| Swot Analysis \| Strategic Management Headings: The SPACE Matrix The SPACE Matrix Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now The SPACE matrix is a management tool used to analyze a company. What is the SPACE matrix strategic management method? This is what a completed SPACE matrix looks like: Internal strategic dimensions: Financial strength (FS) External strategic dimensions: Environmental stability (ES) The following are a few model technical assumptions: - The FS and ES dimensions of the model are plotted on the Y axis. How do I construct a SPACE matrix? Step 1: Choose a set of variables to be used to gauge the competitive SPACE matrix example SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a The internal analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of the internal environment's The SWOT analysis summarizes the external environmental factors as a list of Multiple Perspectives Needed SWOT Analysis Limitations In consulting engagements with General Electric in the 1970's, McKinsey & Business Unit Strength The GE / McKinsey matrix is similar to the BCG growth-share matrix in that it • The GE matrix generalizes the axes as "Industry Attractiveness" and Industry attractiveness and business unit strength are calculated by first The vertical axis of the GE / McKinsey matrix is industry attractiveness, which is • Market growth rate + factor valueN x factor weightingN Business Unit Strength Plotting the Information • Market size is represented by the size of the circle. The following is an example of such a representation: Resource allocation recommendations can be made to grow, hold, or harvest a • Grow strong business units in attractive industries, average business units BCG Matrix Model A low-growth product is for example an established product known by the market. Placing products in the BCG matrix results in 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: BCG STARS (high growth, high market share) - Stars are defined by having high market share in a growing market. BCG QUESTION MARKS (high growth, low market share) BCG CASH COWS (low growth, high market share) - Cash cows are in a position of high market share in a mature market. BCG DOGS (low growth, low market share) And now, let's put all this into a picture: Are there any problems with the BCG matrix model? Some limitations of the BCG matrix model include: Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market The four segments of the BCG Matrix Placing products in the BCG matrix provides 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: • Cash Cows (low growth, high market share) the BCG Matrix and one size fits all strategies Other uses and benefits of the BCG Matrix Limitations of the BCG Matrix Some limitations of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix include: • It neglects the effects of synergy between business units. BCG Matrix Forum Grand Strategy Steps • Step Two. Identify your Values, Beliefs, Attitudes and Capabilities. • Step Three. Write your Mission Statement. • Step Four. Perform an Environmental Scan. • Step Five. Perform a SWOT Analysis. • Step Six. Determine your Strategic Focus. • Step Seven. Seek Performance Breakthroughs. • Step Eight. Understand and Apply Cause and Effect Relationships. • Step Nine. Develop a Strategy Map. • Step Twelve. Execute, Adjust, Execute. Grand Strategy: building your foundation What business are you in and where are you now? • Where are you going? • Attitudes – emotional orientations exhibited by you and your business toward • Capabilities – inherent knowledge and relationships that support getting work • Why are you in business? • What industry are you in (retail, wholesale, finance, manufacturing, durable or • Who are your stakeholders (employees, suppliers, customers, investors and  Emerging Products and Services Strategic Focus breaks down into the following three disciplines: • Operational Excellence – emphasizes efficient operations and costs controls to • Crisis – the time you spend solving unanticipated problems • Breakthrough – the deliberate time you spend on creative efforts to improve • Customer Capital – the relationship, level of satisfaction, reputation, potential for Financial Performance Goals – Increase Revenues and Profitability increase customer satisfaction to cause increased revenues and profitability) Customer Capital Goal - Increase Customer Satisfaction  (What would it take to accomplish this Strategic Goal? Their Performance Example: Increase Revenue and Profits Customer (Place Goals here) Capital Example: Reduce Customer Losses and Defections by Increasing Customer Satisfaction Structural (Place Goals here) Human (Place Goals here) Financial Perspective KPMs: -Cash Flow - $xxx Customer Capital KPMs: Structural Capital KPMs: -Ratio of Sales Persons to General and Administrative - x/y -Time to Market for New Products – x months -Inventory Turnover – 100% every x months • -Mystery Shoppers Rating of Store Product Display and Appeal – Grade Human Capital KPMs: -Employee Turnover - x% per period -Average Days missed per Employee – x% -Employee Satisfaction - x% Highly Satisfied, Satisfied and so on -Number of Suggestions Submitted - xx -Number of Suggestions Adopted – xx -Number of Employees Fully Qualified for Their Position – xx So translate all of your Strategy Map goals into KPMs. Grand Strategy Scorecard Perspective/ Quarterly Data Source/ Goals KPM Target Actual Status* Owner Profitability ROI 12% 13% (+) CFO Satisfaction Sat Rating 95% 94% (-) Customer Create and Maintain Grade A- A- (0) Mystery * (+) = ahead of target / (0) = on target / (-) = behind target The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) Steps in preparation of QSPM Key Internal Factors Key External Factors Trending Rate Share Content: Factors should be evaluated across the organization in areas such as: • Company culture • Company image • Organizational structure • Key staff • Access to natural resources • Position on the experience curve • Operational efficiency • Operational capacity • Brand awareness • Market share • Financial resources • Exclusive contracts • Patents and trade secrets The SWOT analysis summarizes the internal factors of the firm as a list of strengths and weaknesses. External Analysis fAn opportunity is the chance to introduce a new product or service that can generate superior returns. Opportunities can arise when changes occur in the external environment. Many of these changes can be perceived as threats to the market position of existing products and may necessitate a change in product specifications or the development of new products in order for the firm to remain competitive. Changes in the external environment	https://www.scribd.com/doc/41739334/The-SPACE-Matrix
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_148971549#7_247845783	Title: Tariffs in The United States \| Tariff \| United States Economic Policy Headings: Tariffs in The United States Tariffs in The United States Original Title: Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now Tariffs in the United States Trending Rate Share Content: However, the tariff was supported by notable Southern leaders such as President Madison and former president Thomas Jefferson. Notably, John C. Calhoun who would be a strong opponent of future tariff regimes supported the Dallas tariff in the Congress. The Tariff of 1824 (enacted 1824-01-07) was a protective tariff in the United States designed to protect American industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods. The second protective tariff of the 19th century, the Tariff of 1824 was the first in which the sectional interests of the North and the South truly came into conflict. The Tariff of 1816 eight years before had passed into law upon a wave of nationalism that followed the War of 1812. But by 1824, this nationalism was transforming into strong sectionalism. Henry Clay advocated his three-point "American System", a philosophy that was responsible for the Tariff of 1816, the Second Bank of the United States, and a number of internal improvements. John C. Calhoun embodied the Southern position, having once favored Clay's tariffs and roads, but by 1824 opposed to both. He saw the protective tariff as a device that benefited the North at the expense of the South, which relied on foreign manufactured goods and open foreign markets for its cotton. And a program of turnpikes built at federal expense, which Clay advocated, would burden the South with taxes without bringing it substantial benefits.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/6134226/Tariffs-in-the-United-States
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_150451729#5_248430557	Title: The Consequences of Imperialism \| Imperialism \| Colonialism Headings: The Consequences of Imperialism The Consequences of Imperialism Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now The Consequences of Imperialism Imperialism, the forceful extension of a nation’s authority by establishing political and Imperialist ambitions pushed for the economic exploitation of colonized nations to Regardless of the possible economic or technological benefits of imperialism, it is Rate Share Content: The economy of colonized territories was not diversified or turned into an industrial one, and instead a select number of goods were targeted, and their production/extraction hugely increased.7 Imperial investment and construction focused on the development and construction of communications, railways, plantations and mines,8 investments which did not by themselves help in the economic transformation of the country from agricultural to industrial. Rather, these investments were intended to accelerate the exploitation of the colonies’ natural resources and agricultural capacities. Once the nation attained political independence from the mother country, the legacy left behind from imperialism established an economy which depended on the export of a few select natural resources and agricultural, leaving the country’s economy extremely vulnerable to market price fluctuations. Most importantly, the unwillingness of imperial powers to reinvest the profits gained from their colonies in their industrial development 3 http://www.american.edu/ted/ivorywd.htm 4 http://books.google.com/books?id=KEdPowDRZgQC&pg=PA566&lpg=PA566&dq=haiti+deforestation+ french+colonialism&source=web&ots=fOsgCCSdIh&sig=Uy7s4G6hz1lPowNX3gNy7Az2bCg 5 http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/haitidef.htm 6 http://www.american.edu/ted/ivorywd.htm 7 http://www.american.edu/ted/ivorywd.htm 8 http://www.louisiana.edu/Academic/LiberalArts/HiGe/members/nicassio_files/Imperialism.htm fforcefully kept colonies under a fragile agricultural economy 9 while still depriving them of their finite natural resources. Thus, imperialism had a highly negative effect on the economic growth of colonized nations. The partitioning of colonies worldwide into the spheres of influence of imperial powers created colonies that encompassed numerous ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups into a single political entity. This recurrent aspect of imperialism was most notable in Africa, where its partitioning did not correspond to the historical, cultural, or ethnic boundaries of pre-colonial African societies. Thus, states were created which shared widely diverse ethnic populations which felt no identity or connection to the political entity which they had been forcefully drawn into.10 The political legacy left behind by imperialism left a cluster of artificially-formed states which had no historic or cultural similarities on which to legitimatize its existence.11 This situation, along with the economic difficulties suffered because of the previously discussed issues, led to an environment of political turmoil based on ethnic, religious, and linguistic.12 Countries deeply divided among ethnic lines, a result of imperialism, not only led to the political instability of the former colonies, but also, in some cases, led to serious violence. Modern-day Kenya exemplifies this, as the competition of two different ethnic groups for the control of the government has led to a situation comparable to that of an early civil war.13 It is thus clear that imperialism has resulted in a permanent liability in the geo-political situation of a great number of countries worldwide. Regardless of the possible economic or technological benefits of imperialism, it is difficult to even begin to justify those ends by the tremendous loss of life that occurred because of it.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/6289110/The-Consequences-of-Imperialism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_153224438#1_250296004	Title: Three Types of Research \| Experiment \| Statistics Headings: Three Types of Research Three Types of Research Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Three Types of Research Theory and Hypothesis A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen Effect of Time in Psychology Research 1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time. 2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time. Causal Relationships Between Variables • A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another Correlational Relationships Between Variables • A positive correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one Validity isn’t determined by a single statistic, but by a body of research that In some instances where a test measures a trait that is difficult to define, an • Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a The independent variable: the treatment variable that is manipulated by the The dependent variable: the response that the experimenter is measuring. The control group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to a The experimental group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to Experimenters use inferential statistics to determine if the results of an The key to determining if a treatment had an effect is to measure the statistical Statistical significance is often represented like this: • Positive Correlations: Both variables increase or decrease at the same A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Limitations of Correlational Studies: Advantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Can be time consuming and expensive. 2. The Survey Method Advantages of the Survey Method: Disadvantages of the Survey Method: • Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questions. Archival research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other • The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behavior. Disadvantages of Archival Research: Rate Share Content: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) Available Formats Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Flag for inappropriate content Download now Save Save Three Types of Research For Later 94% (18) 94% found this document useful (18 votes) 58K views 8 pages Three Types of Research Uploaded by asghaznavi Description: Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) Available Formats Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Flag for inappropriate content Save Three Types of Research For Later 94% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 6% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Three Types of Research 1. Causal Reseach When most people think of scientific experimentation, research on cause and effect is most often brought to mind. Experiments on causal relationships investigate the effect of one or more variables on one or more outcome variables. This type of research also determines if one variable causes another variable to occur or change. An example of this type of research would be altering the amount of a treatment and measuring the effect on study participants. 2. Descriptive Research Descriptive research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or population. An example of this type of research would be an opinion poll to determine which Presidential candidate people plan to vote for in the next election.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/686343/Three-Types-of-Research
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_153224438#2_250299878	Title: Three Types of Research \| Experiment \| Statistics Headings: Three Types of Research Three Types of Research Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Three Types of Research Theory and Hypothesis A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen Effect of Time in Psychology Research 1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time. 2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time. Causal Relationships Between Variables • A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another Correlational Relationships Between Variables • A positive correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one Validity isn’t determined by a single statistic, but by a body of research that In some instances where a test measures a trait that is difficult to define, an • Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a The independent variable: the treatment variable that is manipulated by the The dependent variable: the response that the experimenter is measuring. The control group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to a The experimental group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to Experimenters use inferential statistics to determine if the results of an The key to determining if a treatment had an effect is to measure the statistical Statistical significance is often represented like this: • Positive Correlations: Both variables increase or decrease at the same A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Limitations of Correlational Studies: Advantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Can be time consuming and expensive. 2. The Survey Method Advantages of the Survey Method: Disadvantages of the Survey Method: • Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questions. Archival research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other • The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behavior. Disadvantages of Archival Research: Rate Share Content: This type of research also determines if one variable causes another variable to occur or change. An example of this type of research would be altering the amount of a treatment and measuring the effect on study participants. 2. Descriptive Research Descriptive research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or population. An example of this type of research would be an opinion poll to determine which Presidential candidate people plan to vote for in the next election. Descriptive studies do not seek to measure the effect of a variable; they seek only to describe. 3. Relational Research A study that investigates the connection between two or more variables is considered relational research. The variables that are compared are generally already present in the group or population.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/686343/Three-Types-of-Research
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_153224438#3_250303136	Title: Three Types of Research \| Experiment \| Statistics Headings: Three Types of Research Three Types of Research Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Three Types of Research Theory and Hypothesis A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen Effect of Time in Psychology Research 1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time. 2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time. Causal Relationships Between Variables • A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another Correlational Relationships Between Variables • A positive correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one Validity isn’t determined by a single statistic, but by a body of research that In some instances where a test measures a trait that is difficult to define, an • Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a The independent variable: the treatment variable that is manipulated by the The dependent variable: the response that the experimenter is measuring. The control group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to a The experimental group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to Experimenters use inferential statistics to determine if the results of an The key to determining if a treatment had an effect is to measure the statistical Statistical significance is often represented like this: • Positive Correlations: Both variables increase or decrease at the same A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Limitations of Correlational Studies: Advantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Can be time consuming and expensive. 2. The Survey Method Advantages of the Survey Method: Disadvantages of the Survey Method: • Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questions. Archival research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other • The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behavior. Disadvantages of Archival Research: Rate Share Content: Descriptive studies do not seek to measure the effect of a variable; they seek only to describe. 3. Relational Research A study that investigates the connection between two or more variables is considered relational research. The variables that are compared are generally already present in the group or population. For example, a study that looked at the proportion of males and females that would purchase either a classical CD or a jazz CD would be studying the relationship between gender and music preference. Theory and Hypothesis A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural word. A theory arises from repeated observation and testing and incorporates facts, laws, predictions, and tested hypotheses that are widely accepted. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between study habits and test anxiety might have a hypothesis that states, “This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that students with better study habits will suffer less test anxiety.”	https://www.scribd.com/doc/686343/Three-Types-of-Research
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_153224438#7_250317528	Title: Three Types of Research \| Experiment \| Statistics Headings: Three Types of Research Three Types of Research Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Three Types of Research Theory and Hypothesis A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen Effect of Time in Psychology Research 1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time. 2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time. Causal Relationships Between Variables • A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another Correlational Relationships Between Variables • A positive correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one Validity isn’t determined by a single statistic, but by a body of research that In some instances where a test measures a trait that is difficult to define, an • Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a The independent variable: the treatment variable that is manipulated by the The dependent variable: the response that the experimenter is measuring. The control group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to a The experimental group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to Experimenters use inferential statistics to determine if the results of an The key to determining if a treatment had an effect is to measure the statistical Statistical significance is often represented like this: • Positive Correlations: Both variables increase or decrease at the same A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Limitations of Correlational Studies: Advantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation: • Can be time consuming and expensive. 2. The Survey Method Advantages of the Survey Method: Disadvantages of the Survey Method: • Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questions. Archival research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other • The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behavior. Disadvantages of Archival Research: Rate Share Content: 2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time. o Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. o Some longitudinal studies may occur over a short period of time, such as a few days, while others may take place over a period of decades. o The effects of aging are often investigated using longitudinal research. Causal Relationships Between Variables What do we mean when we talk about a “relationship” between variables? In psychological research, we are referring to a connection between two or more factors that we can measure or systematically vary. One of the most important distinctions to make when discussing the relationship between variables is the meaning of causation. • A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another variable. These types of relationships are investigated by experimental research in order to determine if changes in one variable truly causes changes in another variable.	https://www.scribd.com/doc/686343/Three-Types-of-Research
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_181573373#4_284359321	Title: Law Enforcement Administration - Notes \| Police \| Police Officer Headings: Law Enforcement Administration - Notes Law Enforcement Administration - Notes Original Title: Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download Law Enforcement Administration Law Enforcement Administration - the process involved in ensuring strict Administration of Police Organization fAdministration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of fprocess depends upon the quality of its leaders. f- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California. f- depicts staff functions of the organization fSPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION) fof Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 1 f6.Shift - one of several tours of duty. Administration Of Police Organization Review Questions 2 f4. Useful to indicate the traffic accidents and crime location. fRemember the ff: Administration of Police Organization f15.Republic Act No. 6506 - An Act Creating the Board Administration of police organization review questions 3 fD. None of the Above fAdministration of Police Organization Reviewer 4 Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 5 Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 6 Administration of Police Organization Definition of Terms fDivision - a primary subdivision of a bureau. fspot location for general guard duty. Patrol Organization and Operation praetorian guard - bodyguards used by roman emperors. urban cohorts - were created by Augustus to counter balance the enormous ward - a subdivision of a municipality. tithing - was a grouping of 10 households. constable - is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law 5. Spain - modern police in Europe has a precedent in the Hermandus or (brotherhood) Sheriff - is a contraction of the term "shire-reeve" - designated a royal official Shire - traditional term for a division of land in the UK and Australia. Jury - is a sworn body of people convened to render impartial verdict officially Thief taker - a private individual hired to capture criminal. Bow street runners - London's first professional police force. Statute of Winchester - in 1285, obliged the authorities of every town to keep Patrick Colquhoun - (1745 - 1820) - a Scottish merchant and a magistrate who 8. In the US - the first city police services were established in August Vollmer - first police chief of Berkeley California. He is sometimes called 2. First police chief to create a motorized force placing officers on 1. requires new policeman to have college education. fWhat are the 3 main task of supervision? fAdvantages of Foot/Bicycle Patrol f2. Unit - a subdivision of a section usually small in size with personnel assigned to Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 1 fthe beginning of the curfew hours Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 2 f7. Which of the following kind of patrol is most effective in Patrol Organization Reviewer 3 Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 4 fA. Justice of the peace Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 5 4. All personnel of the police department who have taken oath. Police Operational Planning fthe primary tasks and functions of an organization. case operational plan (COPLAN) - a definite target - specific activity command post/holding area - area where case conferences, briefings and Management or Administrative Functions Police Operational Planning Reviewer 1 fnecessary corrective actions so that work is accomplished as planned. Police Operational Planning Reviewer 2 Police Operational Planning Reviewer 3 broad field of interest fsuch as personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, planning. Police Operational Planning Reviewer 4 Police Operational Planning Reviewer 5 f2. Procedures for coping with specific situations at known locations. f9. Concerned with activities designed to create a relationship between all the Intelligence and Secret Service fTactical Intelligence - information regarding a specific criminal event that can be Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 1 fB. Active counter intelligence measures Remember the ff: Intelligence and Secret Service fB - usually reliable - informant is of known integrity confirmed by other agencies Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 2 fasylum or volunteering to work in place. Also known as a volunteer. fB. Intelligence - product resulting from the collection, evaluation analysis, integration Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 3 Definition of Terms: Next Page Intelligence and Secret Service Definition of Terms Area of Interest subject of information gathering (person,place,things or an activity) Encipher conversion of plain text message to ciphers. fEvaluation it is the critical appraisal of information as a basis for its subsequent Personal Reconnaissance the most effective Military Intelligence it is an evaluated and interpreted information concerning an actual Industrial Security Management In case of corporation, association, or partnership - must be 100 % owned and Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a Security Agency: dishonorably discharged or separate from the AFP An elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on Basic Qualification of a security Guard Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private A security guard or security agency is entitled to possess firearms. Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber. Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding one firearm for Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP. Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security Agency f4. No person, corporation, partnership or association may organize more than one deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs, perimeter markings How to deter potential intruders install warning signs build fences How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - access control at the Notable security guards: Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars ultimately leading to the fmore difficult to entry of intruders. f1. Denies visual access of the installation of the intruder. fSystem of Employment of Personnel Control Identification fotherwise he could be stopped and questioned by the guards. fillegal access into f3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually operated search lights. Industrial Security Management Reviewer 1 9. The Operator or Manager of a security agency must be at least a Industrial Security Management Reviewer 2 fA. One Firearm For Every Two Security Guard Industrial Security Management Reviewer 3 fD. Not more than 500 security guard Industrial Security Management Reviewer 4 fforce may employ? Industrial Security Management Definition Of Terms fand government security guard. Security Service Contract agreement/contract between the agency and client Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions which is assigned to a mobile car usually consist of de-briefing, the intelligence agent is asked to discuss which of the following: 14. It is a natural or man-made structure or physical device which fis capable of restricting, determine, or delaying illegal access to f20. The cheapest form of police patrol. 25. Which of the following is considered as the most important f47. One way of extending the power of police observation is to get of the following refers to the long range planning? 58. The operational plan which is designed to met everyday or of the following is the oldest type of patrol? 60. The act of expelling a squatter by the legal process is called: of the following is not a commissioned officer? of the following best defines the word self-reliant? 64. All but one are the primarily line operation in police organization 68. Who is the most important officer in the police organization? of the following is the oldest warning device? type of cover uses actual or true background? 71. What is the principle of organization suggesting that f75. It is the central receiving entity for any citizens complaint fperforming his police duties in consequence of an offense and the law,the city/municipal jail warden should have a rank 86. The required rank for the Chief of Jail Bureau. 87. It exercise supervision and control over the provincial jails. f95. The utilization of units or elements, of the PNP for the is the current Chief of the PNP? current PNP deputy director General for Administration is 101. Registration of a security agency as a corporation must be 103. He exercises the power to revoke for cause licenses issued to 109. Perimeter barriers,protective lighting and ______ system are 110. This is an additional outward inclined fixed structure usually 116. A security of a plant or industrial firm is also known by other f122. In an industrial firm there is a need for document security.As 128. It is installed as part of the building which holds up to 10,000 135. A fact-finding prove to determine a plant adequacy and f142.Intrusion alarm devices are designed to ______ and not fsecure a residence or business establishment or both is 163. Weakness that makes people susceptible to pressure 176. These information and material,the authorized disclosure of 182. A system which uses words as the smallest element. 188. It is one of the most annoying and common human hazards 192. A restricted area where visitors are limited in movement and f196. Refers to the amount of loss a target would be likely to Trending Rate Share Content: Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force. 5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. 6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the expertise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient. 7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; the police are the public and the public are the police.	https://www.scribd.com/document/253138767/Law-Enforcement-Administration-Notes
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_181781119#0_284510780	Title: Orbital Welding \| Welding \| Construction Headings: Orbital Welding Orbital Welding Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now Orbital Welding in Critical Systems What is a Critical System? What is Orbital Welding? available with the requirements necessary for orbital welding in Material Handling and Storage Sulfur Matching and the Marangoni Effect Ultra low Sulfur Low and Ultra Low Manganese Carbon Content and Welding Stainless Steel strength. Make sure to use pressure tables for L grade when ID Finishes of Stainless Steels fthe heat input to change. This is a percentage of the change to ID Purge Pressure and Flow Rate used at the purge exhaust to minimize the amount of purge gas Setting the Weld Parameters Undercut in Orbital Welding OD Concavity and Convexity The low pulse or background amperage allows partial Weld Travel Speed Axial Alignment of the Weld Joint Pulsed and Non-Pulsed Welds Weld Joint Fit-Up There is always oxidation of the weld area and of the material Single or Multi-Pass Weld Cycle Weld Tail-Out or Downslope findustries. One of the common misconceptions is that is not Content: Orbital Welding \| Welding \| Construction Open navigation menu Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd? Books Audiobooks Magazines Podcasts Sheet Music Documents (selected) Snapshots Documents Technology & Engineering Construction Orbital Welding Uploaded by PramodPradhan 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 131 views 6 pages Document Information click to expand document information Description: 0RBITAL ENGINEERING ARE THE ONLY COMPANY IN IRELAND WHO ARE CAPABLE OF PROVIDING WELDER CERTIFICATION ON BOTH ORBITECH & AMI ARC MACHINES ,INTEL IRELAND’S ONLY APPROVED ORBITAL WELDING MACHINES. WE HAVE PROVISIONS TO PROVIDE CERTIFICATION ON BOTH MACHINES OVER THE COURSE OF ONE TRAINING PROGRAMME. AN ORBITAL ENGINEERING ORBITAL WELDING CERTIFICATE WILL PERMIT THE RECIPIENT TO PERFORM ORBITAL WELDS ON ANY SITE WORLDWIDE. Copyright © © All Rights Reserved Available Formats PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Share this document Share or Embed Document Sharing Options Share on Facebook, opens a new window Facebook Share on Twitter, opens a new window Twitter Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window LinkedIn Share with Email, opens mail client Email Copy Text Copy Link Did you find this document useful? 0% 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document Description: 0RBITAL ENGINEERING ARE THE ONLY COMPANY IN IRELAND WHO ARE CAPABLE OF PROVIDING WELDER CERTIFICATION ON BOTH ORBITECH & AMI ARC MACHINES ,INTEL IRELAND’S ONLY APPROVED ORBITAL WELDING MACHINES. WE HAVE PROVISIONS TO PROVIDE CERTIFICATION ON BOTH MACHINES OVER THE COURSE OF ONE TRAINING PROGRAMME.	https://www.scribd.com/document/253257340/Orbital-Welding
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_203667356#6_308933555	Title: Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership \| United States Marine Corps \| Officer (Armed Forces) Headings: Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Marine Corps University 1. Introduction. The Marine Corps' philosophy of leadership and 2. Overview. The purpose of this discussion is provide you with 3. References. The following provide additional information on FMFM 1-0, Leading Marines 4. Discussion Leader Notes a. The Marine Corps' philosophy of leadership is largely b. The way to do this effectively is through the c. The end result should be a Corps that benefits from good 5. Discussion. Our philosophy of leadership is characterized by a. Leadership differs from command and management as (1) Command is defined as the authority a person in the (2) Management is defined as a process of planning, (3) Leadership is defined as the act of influencing (4) Leadership is the dominating requirement for success. b. Leadership qualities defined. (2) Technical proficiency. Knowledge of the military (3) Moral responsibility. Personal adherence to high c. FMFM 1 states that philosophy of command cannot function (1) The relationship between officers and enlisted (3) Often the mistake is made by those outside the Marine (a) You must be responsible for the physical, mental, (b) You should ensure that each of your Marines is (c) You should be available to your Marines to (d) Be aware that the teacher/scholar relationship d. Good order and discipline are terms used to describe the e. The individual's responsibility for leadership is a must. (1) Your Certificate of Commission (or Warrant) refers to (2) Officers are responsible for leading and caring for f. The leader functions as the linking pin. The leader is g. The traits and principles of leadership are essential (1) Leadership traits defined. (b) Knowledge. Understanding of a science or an art. (c) Courage. Courage is a mental quality that (d) Decisiveness. Ability to make decisions promptly (e) Dependability. The certainty of proper (f) Initiative. Taking action in the absence of (g) Tact. The ability to deal with others without (h) Justice. Giving reward and punishment according (j) Bearing. Creating a favorable impression in (k) Endurance. The mental and physical stamina (l) Unselfishness. Avoidance of providing for one's (m) Loyalty. The quality of faithfulness to country, (n) Judgment. The ability to weigh facts and (2) Leadership principles (a) Be technically and tactically proficient. Before (d) Keep your Marines informed. Marines are by (e) Set the example. As a Marine progresses through (g) Train your Marines as a team. Every waking hour [1] The sharing of hardships, dangers, and hard [2] Teamwork is the key to successful operations. [3] When team spirit is in evidence, the most (h) Make sound and timely decisions. The leader must (i) Develop a sense of responsibility among your (j) Employ your unit in accordance with its (k) Seek responsibility and take responsibility for h. Another element of leadership involves understanding the (a) By extension, this power, or a part thereof, is (b) Equally important, however, is the idea that when (2) Responsibility is the obligation to act or to do; (a) It may include, but is not limited to, assigned (b) Ultimately, all Marines are morally and legally (3) Accountability is the reckoning, wherein the leader (4) Authority, responsibility, and accountability are all i. Leaders are responsible and accountable for the (1) Morale is the individual's state of mind. It depends (a) Some specific indicators of good or bad morale in [2] Personal Conduct. [3] Standards of military courtesy. [4] Personal hygiene. [5] Use of recreational facilities. [6] Excessive quarreling. [7] Harmful or irresponsible rumors. [8] Condition of mess and quarters. [9] Care of equipment. [10] Response to orders and directives. [11] Job proficiency. [13] Evaluation of administrative reports such as (b) Morale is not constant. The other three [1] Teach belief in the cause and mission. [2] Instill in your Marines confidence in [3] Assist in job satisfaction by carefully [4] Keep your Marines aware of your concern for [5] Establish an effective awards program. [6] Make your Marines feel they are essential to [7] Recognize the Marine's desire to retain [8] Encourage the strengthening of their family (2) Esprit de corps is the loyalty to, pride in, and (a) Specific things to look for when evaluating a [1] Expressions from your Marines showing [3] A strong competitive spirit. [4] Willing participation by your Marines in unit [5] Pride in traditions and history of the unit. [6] Readiness on the part of your Marines to help [7] The belief that their unit is better than any [8] High reenlistment rate in the unit. (b) What are some ways to improve esprit de corps in [1] Start newly assigned Marines off right by a [2] Develop the feeling that the unit must excel. [3] Recognize and publicize achievements of the [4] Make use of ceremonies, symbols, slogans, and [5] Use competition to develop teamwork. [6] Make proper use of decorations and awards. (3) Discipline is the individual or group attitude that (a) Some specifics to look for when evaluating a [1] Attention to detail. [2] Harmonious relations between unit members. [3] Devotion to duty. [4] Proper senior/subordinate relationships. [5] Proper conduct on and off duty. [6] Standards of cleanliness, dress, and military [7] Promptness in responding to commands and [8] Adherence to the chain of command. [9] Ability and willingness to perform (b) Some useful methods to improve discipline in a [1] Demonstrate discipline by your own conduct [2] Institute a fair and impartial system for [3] Strive for mutual confidence and respect [4] Encourage and foster the development of self [5] Be alert to conditions conducive to breaches (a) Some specifics to look for when evaluating a [1] Personal appearance and physical condition of [2] Appearance and condition of weapons, [3] Reaction time of unit under various [4] Professional attitude demonstrated by the [5] Troop leading ability of junior leaders. [6] Promptness and accuracy in disseminating [7] Degree of skill demonstrated when (b) Some useful techniques to use to improve the [1] Thoroughly train your Marines in their [2] Emphasize teamwork through the chain of [3] Establish a sound physical conditioning [4] Provide for cross training. [5] Participate in realistic training exercises. [6] Provide your Marines with frequent [8] Set high standards of performance and insist [9] Institute and promote a professional military j. Marines can deploy at any time into combat. Good leaders Appendix A: Excerpt from FMFM 1 (EXCERPT FROM FMFM 1) Marine Corps doctrine demands professional competence among The military profession is a thinking profession. Officers Leaders must have a strong sense of the great responsibility The Marine Corps' style of warfare requires intelligent Consequently, trust is an essential trait among leaders; Relations among all leaders, from corporal to general, It is essential that our philosophy of command support the Second, since we have concluded that war is a human Our philosophy of command must also exploit the human This concept has several practical implications. First, we A commander should command from well forward. This allows Finally, we recognize the importance of personal leadership. As part of our philosophy of command we must recognize that In practical terms this means that we must not strive for There are several points worth remembering about our command Next, our philosophy requires competent leadership at all Our philosophy also requires familiarity among comrades (Note: Instruct the Marine to read these scenarios and, using 1. Your battalion is deploying on a six month Med. cruise four What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (LCpl Smith is weak in the following leadership traits: What is the best course of action in this situation? (Correct this situation by talking to him about the (Leadership principles that apply here include: knowing What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Proficiency of the fire team leaders (FTLs) and of the What is the best course of action in this situation? (FTLs need to be given a chance to take some responsibility 3. Your SNCO does not seem at all enthusiastic about the What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (The SNCO seems to have a morale or discipline problem which What is the best course of action in this situation? (Counsel the SNCO on what you see as the problem. Recognize 4. The unit Sergeant Major is retiring in a few days. Your What leadership fundamentals are lacking? What is the best course of action in this situation? (You should talk to the SNCOs; make them understand that 5. Your unit training has been conducted in garrison and What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Morale and lack of motivation during training. Esprit de What is the best course of action in this situation? (Develop, along with your subordinate leaders, a good plan What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Lack of esprit de corps, possibly morale.) What is the best course of action in this situation? (You could call a platoon meeting and go off on the platoon 7. You see a PFC wandering around in you company area. He/she What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Esprit de Corps, lack of readiness to help one another What is the best course of action in this situation? (The leadership principles that apply are looking out for What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Esprit de Corps, discipline, and lack of harmonious What is the best course of action in this situation? (Very realistic scenario. Mention Walkmans on deployment. 9. You are invited by a fellow platoon commander to go to a bar. What indicators are lacking? What is the best course of action to take in this situation? (The biggest mistake was in not correcting the Marines in Rate Share Content: We grow our own leaders, and if we do not continue to do this effectively, the Marine Corps as we know it, will cease to exist. You should have a thorough understanding of what the philosophy of leadership entails. The areas addressed below are not all encompassing, but provide enough information to give you an understanding of the philosophy of leadership. a. Leadership differs from command and management as follows. (1) Command is defined as the authority a person in the military lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of his rank and assignment or position. (2) Management is defined as a process of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling resources such as people, material, time, and money to accomplish the organization's mission. (3) Leadership is defined as the act of influencing others in such a manner as to accomplish the mission: " The sum of those qualities of intellect, human understanding and moral character that enable a person to inspire and to control a group of people successfully." ( General Lejeune) (4) Leadership is the dominating requirement for success. There is certainly need for command and management, but sound leadership is needed to function.	https://www.scribd.com/document/54671320/Chap-16-Philosophy-of-Leadership
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_203667356#14_309026003	Title: Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership \| United States Marine Corps \| Officer (Armed Forces) Headings: Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership Chap 16 Philosophy of Leadership Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats Download now UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Marine Corps University 1. Introduction. The Marine Corps' philosophy of leadership and 2. Overview. The purpose of this discussion is provide you with 3. References. The following provide additional information on FMFM 1-0, Leading Marines 4. Discussion Leader Notes a. The Marine Corps' philosophy of leadership is largely b. The way to do this effectively is through the c. The end result should be a Corps that benefits from good 5. Discussion. Our philosophy of leadership is characterized by a. Leadership differs from command and management as (1) Command is defined as the authority a person in the (2) Management is defined as a process of planning, (3) Leadership is defined as the act of influencing (4) Leadership is the dominating requirement for success. b. Leadership qualities defined. (2) Technical proficiency. Knowledge of the military (3) Moral responsibility. Personal adherence to high c. FMFM 1 states that philosophy of command cannot function (1) The relationship between officers and enlisted (3) Often the mistake is made by those outside the Marine (a) You must be responsible for the physical, mental, (b) You should ensure that each of your Marines is (c) You should be available to your Marines to (d) Be aware that the teacher/scholar relationship d. Good order and discipline are terms used to describe the e. The individual's responsibility for leadership is a must. (1) Your Certificate of Commission (or Warrant) refers to (2) Officers are responsible for leading and caring for f. The leader functions as the linking pin. The leader is g. The traits and principles of leadership are essential (1) Leadership traits defined. (b) Knowledge. Understanding of a science or an art. (c) Courage. Courage is a mental quality that (d) Decisiveness. Ability to make decisions promptly (e) Dependability. The certainty of proper (f) Initiative. Taking action in the absence of (g) Tact. The ability to deal with others without (h) Justice. Giving reward and punishment according (j) Bearing. Creating a favorable impression in (k) Endurance. The mental and physical stamina (l) Unselfishness. Avoidance of providing for one's (m) Loyalty. The quality of faithfulness to country, (n) Judgment. The ability to weigh facts and (2) Leadership principles (a) Be technically and tactically proficient. Before (d) Keep your Marines informed. Marines are by (e) Set the example. As a Marine progresses through (g) Train your Marines as a team. Every waking hour [1] The sharing of hardships, dangers, and hard [2] Teamwork is the key to successful operations. [3] When team spirit is in evidence, the most (h) Make sound and timely decisions. The leader must (i) Develop a sense of responsibility among your (j) Employ your unit in accordance with its (k) Seek responsibility and take responsibility for h. Another element of leadership involves understanding the (a) By extension, this power, or a part thereof, is (b) Equally important, however, is the idea that when (2) Responsibility is the obligation to act or to do; (a) It may include, but is not limited to, assigned (b) Ultimately, all Marines are morally and legally (3) Accountability is the reckoning, wherein the leader (4) Authority, responsibility, and accountability are all i. Leaders are responsible and accountable for the (1) Morale is the individual's state of mind. It depends (a) Some specific indicators of good or bad morale in [2] Personal Conduct. [3] Standards of military courtesy. [4] Personal hygiene. [5] Use of recreational facilities. [6] Excessive quarreling. [7] Harmful or irresponsible rumors. [8] Condition of mess and quarters. [9] Care of equipment. [10] Response to orders and directives. [11] Job proficiency. [13] Evaluation of administrative reports such as (b) Morale is not constant. The other three [1] Teach belief in the cause and mission. [2] Instill in your Marines confidence in [3] Assist in job satisfaction by carefully [4] Keep your Marines aware of your concern for [5] Establish an effective awards program. [6] Make your Marines feel they are essential to [7] Recognize the Marine's desire to retain [8] Encourage the strengthening of their family (2) Esprit de corps is the loyalty to, pride in, and (a) Specific things to look for when evaluating a [1] Expressions from your Marines showing [3] A strong competitive spirit. [4] Willing participation by your Marines in unit [5] Pride in traditions and history of the unit. [6] Readiness on the part of your Marines to help [7] The belief that their unit is better than any [8] High reenlistment rate in the unit. (b) What are some ways to improve esprit de corps in [1] Start newly assigned Marines off right by a [2] Develop the feeling that the unit must excel. [3] Recognize and publicize achievements of the [4] Make use of ceremonies, symbols, slogans, and [5] Use competition to develop teamwork. [6] Make proper use of decorations and awards. (3) Discipline is the individual or group attitude that (a) Some specifics to look for when evaluating a [1] Attention to detail. [2] Harmonious relations between unit members. [3] Devotion to duty. [4] Proper senior/subordinate relationships. [5] Proper conduct on and off duty. [6] Standards of cleanliness, dress, and military [7] Promptness in responding to commands and [8] Adherence to the chain of command. [9] Ability and willingness to perform (b) Some useful methods to improve discipline in a [1] Demonstrate discipline by your own conduct [2] Institute a fair and impartial system for [3] Strive for mutual confidence and respect [4] Encourage and foster the development of self [5] Be alert to conditions conducive to breaches (a) Some specifics to look for when evaluating a [1] Personal appearance and physical condition of [2] Appearance and condition of weapons, [3] Reaction time of unit under various [4] Professional attitude demonstrated by the [5] Troop leading ability of junior leaders. [6] Promptness and accuracy in disseminating [7] Degree of skill demonstrated when (b) Some useful techniques to use to improve the [1] Thoroughly train your Marines in their [2] Emphasize teamwork through the chain of [3] Establish a sound physical conditioning [4] Provide for cross training. [5] Participate in realistic training exercises. [6] Provide your Marines with frequent [8] Set high standards of performance and insist [9] Institute and promote a professional military j. Marines can deploy at any time into combat. Good leaders Appendix A: Excerpt from FMFM 1 (EXCERPT FROM FMFM 1) Marine Corps doctrine demands professional competence among The military profession is a thinking profession. Officers Leaders must have a strong sense of the great responsibility The Marine Corps' style of warfare requires intelligent Consequently, trust is an essential trait among leaders; Relations among all leaders, from corporal to general, It is essential that our philosophy of command support the Second, since we have concluded that war is a human Our philosophy of command must also exploit the human This concept has several practical implications. First, we A commander should command from well forward. This allows Finally, we recognize the importance of personal leadership. As part of our philosophy of command we must recognize that In practical terms this means that we must not strive for There are several points worth remembering about our command Next, our philosophy requires competent leadership at all Our philosophy also requires familiarity among comrades (Note: Instruct the Marine to read these scenarios and, using 1. Your battalion is deploying on a six month Med. cruise four What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (LCpl Smith is weak in the following leadership traits: What is the best course of action in this situation? (Correct this situation by talking to him about the (Leadership principles that apply here include: knowing What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Proficiency of the fire team leaders (FTLs) and of the What is the best course of action in this situation? (FTLs need to be given a chance to take some responsibility 3. Your SNCO does not seem at all enthusiastic about the What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (The SNCO seems to have a morale or discipline problem which What is the best course of action in this situation? (Counsel the SNCO on what you see as the problem. Recognize 4. The unit Sergeant Major is retiring in a few days. Your What leadership fundamentals are lacking? What is the best course of action in this situation? (You should talk to the SNCOs; make them understand that 5. Your unit training has been conducted in garrison and What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Morale and lack of motivation during training. Esprit de What is the best course of action in this situation? (Develop, along with your subordinate leaders, a good plan What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Lack of esprit de corps, possibly morale.) What is the best course of action in this situation? (You could call a platoon meeting and go off on the platoon 7. You see a PFC wandering around in you company area. He/she What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Esprit de Corps, lack of readiness to help one another What is the best course of action in this situation? (The leadership principles that apply are looking out for What leadership fundamentals are lacking? (Esprit de Corps, discipline, and lack of harmonious What is the best course of action in this situation? (Very realistic scenario. Mention Walkmans on deployment. 9. You are invited by a fellow platoon commander to go to a bar. What indicators are lacking? What is the best course of action to take in this situation? (The biggest mistake was in not correcting the Marines in Rate Share Content: While we prohibit unprofessional relationships between officers and enlisted Marines, the concept of comradeship and brotherhood depends on mutual respect between the ranks and among all Marines. Much of this mutual respect comes through the sharing of hardships. As 16-3 fquoted in the Marine Corps Manual, General Lejeune said, "The relationship between officers and enlisted men should, in no sense, be that of superior and inferior, nor that of master and servant, but rather that of teacher and scholar." Your responsibilities as a leader are to provide guidance to your subordinates, make decisions, and see that your subordinates' performance is satisfactory. You should provide good opportunities for you subordinates to also make decisions within their authority. (a) You must be responsible for the physical, mental, and moral welfare of your Marines, as well as their discipline and training. (b) You should ensure that each of your Marines is allowed the maximum latitude possible in developing his/her own leadership style. (c) You should be available to your Marines to provide assistance whenever needed. (d) Be aware that the teacher/scholar relationship extends to the relationship that should exist between NCOs and junior Marines as well. Additionally, officers should never hesitate to learn from their Marines.	https://www.scribd.com/document/54671320/Chap-16-Philosophy-of-Leadership
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#2_315237489	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: Introduction: Why Theory? Theory enables understanding of what, how and why we do the practice of nursing It facilitates questions about the relevance & application of nursing practice & research It stimulates thinking, identifying what is mindless and what needs to be changed It facilitates the development of nursing knowledge and evidence based practice f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme in the nursing literature for the past 30years and has stimulated phenomenal growth in the nursing profession. It is interesting to note that 90% of all Nursing theories have been generated in the last 20 years. f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING THEORY The history of professional nursing began with Florence Nightingale who envisioned nurses as a body of educated women. In last century, nursing began with a strong emphasis on practice. fHistorical eras in nursing 1. 2. 3.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#5_315252718	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: fGraduate nursing education era Masters program in nursing emerged to meet the need for nurse with specialized education in nursing . The masters education had an embedded course in nursing research nearing the end of this era a course in nursing theory or nursing conceptual models that introduced students to the early nursing theorists and development of nursing theories was introduced. fTheory era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. With an increased understanding of research and knowledge development It became obvious that research without theory produced isolated information, however research and theory produced nursing science. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Stage Source of knowledge 1. Silent Blind obedience to medical authority knowledge stage 2. Received knowledge stage Learning through listening to others 3.Subjective Authority was internalized and a new sense of self emerged knowledge stage Impact on theory and research of little attempt to develop theory. Research was limited to collection epidemiological data Theories were borrowed from other disciplines. As nurses acquired non-nursing doctoral degrees, they relied on the authority of the educators, sociologists, psychologists to provide answers to nursing problems.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#6_315258134	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: Stage Source of knowledge 1. Silent Blind obedience to medical authority knowledge stage 2. Received knowledge stage Learning through listening to others 3.Subjective Authority was internalized and a new sense of self emerged knowledge stage Impact on theory and research of little attempt to develop theory. Research was limited to collection epidemiological data Theories were borrowed from other disciplines. As nurses acquired non-nursing doctoral degrees, they relied on the authority of the educators, sociologists, psychologists to provide answers to nursing problems. A negative attitude toward borrowed theories and science emerged. Nurse scholars focused on defining nursing and on developing theories about and for nursing. Nursing research focused on the nurse rather than on clients and clinical f4. Procedural knowledge stage 5. Constructed Knowledge Includes both separate and connected knowledge Integration of different types of knowledge (int uition, reason and selfknowledge) Proliferation of approaches to theory development.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#7_315263334	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: A negative attitude toward borrowed theories and science emerged. Nurse scholars focused on defining nursing and on developing theories about and for nursing. Nursing research focused on the nurse rather than on clients and clinical f4. Procedural knowledge stage 5. Constructed Knowledge Includes both separate and connected knowledge Integration of different types of knowledge (int uition, reason and selfknowledge) Proliferation of approaches to theory development. Application of theory in practice was frequently underemphasized. Emphasis was placed on the procedures used to acquire knowledge, with over attention to the appropriateness of methodology, the criteria for evolution, and statistical procedure for data analysis. Nursing theory should be based on prior empirical studies, theoretical literature, client reports of clinical experience and feeling, nurse scholars intuition or related knowledge f (D). Trends in theory development Conceptual models and philosophies of practice The nature of nursing The purposes for which nursing exist. Nursing process as a framework for viewing nursing practice.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#8_315268593	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: Application of theory in practice was frequently underemphasized. Emphasis was placed on the procedures used to acquire knowledge, with over attention to the appropriateness of methodology, the criteria for evolution, and statistical procedure for data analysis. Nursing theory should be based on prior empirical studies, theoretical literature, client reports of clinical experience and feeling, nurse scholars intuition or related knowledge f (D). Trends in theory development Conceptual models and philosophies of practice The nature of nursing The purposes for which nursing exist. Nursing process as a framework for viewing nursing practice. Deliberate, reflective, critical, and self-correcting. Encouraged nurses to cultivate basic inquiry skills. Development of philosophies with emphasis on knowledge associated with: Esthetic Ethical Personal f Application of theories borrowed from other disciplines. Means to resolve problems.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#9_315273658	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: Deliberate, reflective, critical, and self-correcting. Encouraged nurses to cultivate basic inquiry skills. Development of philosophies with emphasis on knowledge associated with: Esthetic Ethical Personal f Application of theories borrowed from other disciplines. Means to resolve problems. Use with caution. Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. What nursing is; describes how nursing functions; variables influencing health and illness.	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_209282059#17_315312459	Title: Evolution of Nursing Theories \| Concept \| Theory Headings: Evolution of Nursing Theories Evolution of Nursing Theories Uploaded by Description: Copyright: Available Formats EVOLUTION OF NURSING fThis session will highlight on fH. Importance of nursing theories fK. Common concepts in Nursing theories f (A). Introduction: Why Theory? f Nursing theory has been a prevalent theme It is interesting to note that 90% of all f (B). EVOLUTION OF NURSING fHistorical eras in nursing fGraduate nursing education era Was the natural outgrowth of research era. f. STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Impact on theory and research little attempt to develop theory. Theories were borrowed from other A negative attitude toward Proliferation of approaches to theory Nursing theory should be based on f (D). Trends in theory development Nursing process as a framework for viewing Development of philosophies with emphasis on f Application of theories borrowed from other Nursing theories in the 1960s and 1970s-functional view of nursing. Development of midrange practice-linked theory. It is the most abstract level of knowledge. It to the phenomena with which the are frameworks It is a group of related concepts that propose Is a group of related concepts that derive from the They are least abstract level of theoretical Grand Theories are defined as the broadest in Understanding acquired through learning or They are subject matter of a discipline Is an idea or complex mental image of a Are independent of time or place and they are Are specific to time and place and are It can be Verbal: Verbal model are worded Is another term for conceptual framework or They are theoretical statements that specify the Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, It is a form of reasoning from the general to In deductive process, an abstract theoretical It is a form of logical reasoning in The inductive form is based on the f (G). Definition and meaning of Bodie and Chitty (1993) defined f Socialization into a discipline is guided by f (H). Importance of Nursing Theories f4. It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. f6. As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to f (I). The characteristics of theories f (J). CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING fA nursing metatheory presents the most global fMeta theory is criticized as being limited, fCategorization of Grand nursing theories Interactive process models Unitary models and Arthian and CongerIntersystem model Erickson,tomlin and swainModeling and Role fMiddle range theories f Mid-range theories provide nurses with the f They are categorized as f1. Factor isolating: to identify and describe a f4.Situation producing control: to prevent f2. Categories based on philosophical As described by Peplau (1988), these f3. Categories based on functions: Descriptive theories describe, observe, General System Theory: f (K). Common concepts in nursing fThe nursing metaparadigm comprises four f (L). PROCESS OF THEORY Always present and Age ,Height Relate the property of fPurpose of concepts development determines the coherence between the theory of fProcess of concept development fb. Statement development: Formulation and fc.Theory construction: Systematic f (M). CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING Clarity: How clear is this theory Simplicity: It is very valued in theory f Generality: To determine generality the Empirical precision: Empirical precision f Derivable consequences: If research, f (N). APPLICATION OF THEORY IN fHow Theory guides nursing Trending Rate Share Content: 14 Paradigm Is another term for conceptual framework or conceptual model 15 Propositions They are theoretical statements that specify the proposed relationships of the concepts of theory. 16 Induction Is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as moving from specific to general. 17 Deduction Logical reasoning from general to specific., f (F). Overview of Theory: The uniqueness of theories and perspectives used by a discipline distinguishes it from other disciplines. The theories used by members of a profession clarify basic assumptions and values shared by its members and define the nature, outcome and purpose of practice. Kerlinger ---views theories as a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon ( an observable fact or event ) that is explanatory and predictive in nature. Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, models ,	https://www.scribd.com/presentation/250634833/Evolution-of-Nursing-Theories
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220208923#2_331993254	Title: Ethics in Organizations - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Ethics in Organizations Ethics in Organizations Marvin Brown Nov 21, 2015 Content: Recent changes in the way we approach the "problem of the alcoholic" serve as a good example of the interdependence of individual and communal approaches to problems. Not so long ago, many people viewed an alcoholic as an individual with problems. Treatment focused on helping the individual deal with his or her problem. Today, however, the alcoholic is often seen as part of a dysfunctional family system that reinforces alcoholic behavior. In many cases, the behavior of the alcoholic requires that we change the entire family situation. These two approaches also lead to different ways of evaluating moral behavior. Once again, most discussions of ethical issues in the workplace take an individualistic approach. They focus on promoting the good of the individual: individual rights, such as the right to freedom of expression or the right to privacy, are held paramount. The communal approach, on the other hand, would have us focus on the common good, enjoining us to consider ways in which actions or policies promote or prohibit social justice or ways in which they bring harm or benefits to the entire community.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/ethics-in-organizations/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#0_332001993	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Justice and Fairness Home Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Ethics Resources Ethical Decision Making Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Many public policy arguments focus on fairness. Is affirmative action fair? Are congressional districts drawn to be fair? Is our tax policy fair? Is our method for funding schools fair? Arguments about justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization. In fact, no idea in Western civilization has been more consistently linked to ethics and morality than the idea of justice. From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of morality. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today used interchangeably.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#1_332004020	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: Arguments about justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization. In fact, no idea in Western civilization has been more consistently linked to ethics and morality than the idea of justice. From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of morality. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today used interchangeably. There have, however, also been more distinct understandings of the two terms. While justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of being treated as one deserves is crucial to both justice and fairness. When people differ over what they believe should be given, or when decisions have to be made about how benefits and burdens should be distributed among a group of people, questions of justice or fairness inevitably arise.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#2_332006344	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: There have, however, also been more distinct understandings of the two terms. While justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of being treated as one deserves is crucial to both justice and fairness. When people differ over what they believe should be given, or when decisions have to be made about how benefits and burdens should be distributed among a group of people, questions of justice or fairness inevitably arise. In fact, most ethicists today hold the view that there would be no point of talking about justice or fairness if it were not for the conflicts of interest that are created when goods and services are scarce and people differ over who should get what. When such conflicts arise in our society, we need principles of justice that we can all accept as reasonable and fair standards for determining what people deserve. But saying that justice is giving each person what he or she deserves does not take us very far. How do we determine what people deserve? What criteria and what principles should we use to determine what is due to this or that person?	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#3_332008667	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: In fact, most ethicists today hold the view that there would be no point of talking about justice or fairness if it were not for the conflicts of interest that are created when goods and services are scarce and people differ over who should get what. When such conflicts arise in our society, we need principles of justice that we can all accept as reasonable and fair standards for determining what people deserve. But saying that justice is giving each person what he or she deserves does not take us very far. How do we determine what people deserve? What criteria and what principles should we use to determine what is due to this or that person? Principles of Justice The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally." In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: " Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved." For example, if Jack and Jill both do the same work, and there are no relevant differences between them or the work they are doing, then in justice they should be paid the same wages. And if Jack is paid more than Jill simply because he is a man, or because he is white, then we have an injustice—a form of discrimination—because race and sex are not relevant to normal work situations.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#4_332011119	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: Principles of Justice The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally." In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: " Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved." For example, if Jack and Jill both do the same work, and there are no relevant differences between them or the work they are doing, then in justice they should be paid the same wages. And if Jack is paid more than Jill simply because he is a man, or because he is white, then we have an injustice—a form of discrimination—because race and sex are not relevant to normal work situations. There are, however, many differences that we deem as justifiable criteria for treating people differently. For example, we think it is fair and just when a parent gives his own children more attention and care in his private affairs than he gives the children of others; we think it is fair when the person who is first in a line at a theater is given first choice of theater tickets; we think it is just when the government gives benefits to the needy that it does not provide to more affluent citizens; we think it is just when some who have done wrong are given punishments that are not meted out to others who have done nothing wrong;	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#6_332016067	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: and we think it is fair when those who exert more efforts or who make a greater contribution to a project receive more benefits from the project than others. These criteria—need, desert, contribution, and effort—we acknowledge as justifying differential treatment, then, are numerous. On the other hand, there are also criteria that we believe are not justifiable grounds for giving people different treatment. In the world of work, for example, we generally hold that it is unjust to give individuals special treatment on the basis of age, sex, race, or their religious preferences. If the judge's nephew receives a suspended sentence for armed robbery when another offender unrelated to the judge goes to jail for the same crime, or the brother of the Director of Public Works gets the million dollar contract to install sprinklers on the municipal golf course despite lower bids from other contractors, we say that it's unfair. We also believe it isn't fair when a person is punished for something over which he or she had no control, or isn't compensated for a harm he or she suffered. Different Kinds of Justice There are different kinds of justice. Distributive justice refers to the extent to which society's institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed among society's members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption that those institutions should be changed. For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#7_332018678	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: We also believe it isn't fair when a person is punished for something over which he or she had no control, or isn't compensated for a harm he or she suffered. Different Kinds of Justice There are different kinds of justice. Distributive justice refers to the extent to which society's institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed among society's members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption that those institutions should be changed. For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race. A second important kind of justice is retributive or corrective justice. Retributive justice refers to the extent to which punishments are fair and just. In general, punishments are held to be just to the extent that they take into account relevant criteria such as the seriousness of the crime and the intent of the criminal, and discount irrelevant criteria such as race. It would be barbarously unjust, for example, to chop off a person's hand for stealing a dime, or to impose the death penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party. Studies have frequently shown that when blacks murder whites, they are much more likely to receive death sentences than when whites murder whites or blacks murder blacks.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#8_332021092	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: A second important kind of justice is retributive or corrective justice. Retributive justice refers to the extent to which punishments are fair and just. In general, punishments are held to be just to the extent that they take into account relevant criteria such as the seriousness of the crime and the intent of the criminal, and discount irrelevant criteria such as race. It would be barbarously unjust, for example, to chop off a person's hand for stealing a dime, or to impose the death penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party. Studies have frequently shown that when blacks murder whites, they are much more likely to receive death sentences than when whites murder whites or blacks murder blacks. These studies suggest that injustice still exists in the criminal justice system in the United States. Yet a third important kind of justice is compensatory justice. Compensatory justice refers to the extent to which people are fairly compensated for their injuries by those who have injured them; just compensation is proportional to the loss inflicted on a person. This is precisely the kind of justice that is at stake in debates over damage to workers' health in coal mines.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#9_332023243	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: These studies suggest that injustice still exists in the criminal justice system in the United States. Yet a third important kind of justice is compensatory justice. Compensatory justice refers to the extent to which people are fairly compensated for their injuries by those who have injured them; just compensation is proportional to the loss inflicted on a person. This is precisely the kind of justice that is at stake in debates over damage to workers' health in coal mines. Some argue that mine owners should compensate the workers whose health has been ruined. Others argue that workers voluntarily took on this risk when they chose employment in the mines. The foundations of justice can be traced to the notions of social stability, interdependence, and equal dignity. As the ethicist John Rawls has pointed out, the stability of a society—or any group, for that matter—depends upon the extent to which the members of that society feel that they are being treated justly. When some of society's members come to feel that they are subject to unequal treatment, the foundations have been laid for social unrest, disturbances, and strife.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#10_332025325	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: Some argue that mine owners should compensate the workers whose health has been ruined. Others argue that workers voluntarily took on this risk when they chose employment in the mines. The foundations of justice can be traced to the notions of social stability, interdependence, and equal dignity. As the ethicist John Rawls has pointed out, the stability of a society—or any group, for that matter—depends upon the extent to which the members of that society feel that they are being treated justly. When some of society's members come to feel that they are subject to unequal treatment, the foundations have been laid for social unrest, disturbances, and strife. The members of a community, Rawls holds, depend on each other, and they will retain their social unity only to the extent that their institutions are just. Moreover, as the philosopher Immanuel Kant and others have pointed out, human beings are all equal in this respect: they all have the same dignity, and in virtue of this dignity they deserve to be treated as equals. Whenever individuals are treated unequally on the basis of characteristics that are arbitrary and irrelevant, their fundamental human dignity is violated. Justice, then, is a central part of ethics and should be given due consideration in our moral lives.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_220214782#12_332029562	Title: Justice and Fairness - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Headings: Justice and Fairness Justice and Fairness Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer Also on Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Smart Lampposts: Illuminating Smart … Cultural (In)sensitivity in Opinion Pieces Anonymizing Undocumented … Ethics is the Act of Seeing Vaccines for the Military Affect … Five (Subtle) Types of Misinformation in … Seeing Creation Aright: Christianity and … How Newsweek Missed the Circular … Mahjabeen Malik • 1 year ago Clíona Walshe • 3 years ago Sal Sutcliffe • 1 month ago Eddie Goodman • 3 years ago Content: In evaluating any moral decision, we must ask whether our actions treat all persons equally. If not, we must determine whether the difference in treatment is justified: are the criteria we are using relevant to the situation at hand? But justice is not the only principle to consider in making ethical decisions. Sometimes principles of justice may need to be overridden in favor of other kinds of moral claims such as rights or society's welfare. Nevertheless, justice is an expression of our mutual recognition of each other's basic dignity, and an acknowledgement that if we are to live together in an interdependent community we must treat each other as equals. This article appeared originally in Issues in Ethics V3 N2 (Spring 1990). It was updated in August 2018. The views expressed do not necessarily represent the position of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. We welcome your comments, suggestions, or alternative points of view.	https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#6_333937468	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: MRSR2S (1) 1st stage DFCS for reduced breathing effort Sand blasted marine grade chrome plated brass Ultralight techno-polymer 2nd stage 2nd stage mesh grid minimizes free flow $249.95 $ 199 .95 $249.95 Save: $50.00 (20%) In Stock Free Shipping Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator SKU: ZGLF8 No reviews Factory ready EAN/ NITROX to 40% O2 1st stage balanced diaphragm design Environmentally sealed yoke type regulator Pneumatically balanced demand valve 2nd stage $ 619 .95 In Stock Free Shipping Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 SKU: UDRLE No reviews Third Generation of Legend Top-of-the-Line, Fully Adjustable Regulator Nitrox Ready Out-of-the-Box Compact Over-Balanced Diaphragm First Stage $ 920 .00 In Stock Free Shipping Previous PREV Page of 16 Show: 16 24 36 More Results MORE Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide The keystone of the diving experience, the scuba regulator is the interface between man and tank that supplies the diver with air at ambient pressure. The first stage of a regulator attaches directly to the tank, reducing the pressure of the air leaving the tank by a preset amount. The second stage reduces the pressure yet again, bringing it down to ambient pressure, where you'll be able to breathe air comfortably. There are a number of options for both stages, including ports for pressure gauges, low pressure inflator hoses, and dry suit hoses. You can also choose whether or not the first stage of the regulator is balanced or unbalanced - the advantage of a balanced first stage is that it allows you to breathe just as easily at low tank pressures, or at depths of up to 90ft. With multiple options for adjustment knobs, air flow dials, and the like, you'll always be able to alter the regulator's flow rate to compensate for any changes in depth.	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#7_333940286	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: The first stage of a regulator attaches directly to the tank, reducing the pressure of the air leaving the tank by a preset amount. The second stage reduces the pressure yet again, bringing it down to ambient pressure, where you'll be able to breathe air comfortably. There are a number of options for both stages, including ports for pressure gauges, low pressure inflator hoses, and dry suit hoses. You can also choose whether or not the first stage of the regulator is balanced or unbalanced - the advantage of a balanced first stage is that it allows you to breathe just as easily at low tank pressures, or at depths of up to 90ft. With multiple options for adjustment knobs, air flow dials, and the like, you'll always be able to alter the regulator's flow rate to compensate for any changes in depth. Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Preferred by expert and professional divers, a Top of the Line Scuba Regulator is constructed with bleeding edge innovations and materials. Many feature low-maintenance titanium components, many of which will never rust or corrode in any way. Top of the line scuba regulators usually come with a balanced 1st and 2nd stage, too, which provides superior breathing performance, even at greater depth and lower pressure. Known for their comfort-conscious design philosophy, Top of the Line Scuba Regulator manufacturers give special attention to concerns like mouthpiece comfort and jaw fatigue. Recreational Scuba Regulators Recreational scuba regulators provide you with a quality piece of equipment at a reasonable price.	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#8_333942848	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Preferred by expert and professional divers, a Top of the Line Scuba Regulator is constructed with bleeding edge innovations and materials. Many feature low-maintenance titanium components, many of which will never rust or corrode in any way. Top of the line scuba regulators usually come with a balanced 1st and 2nd stage, too, which provides superior breathing performance, even at greater depth and lower pressure. Known for their comfort-conscious design philosophy, Top of the Line Scuba Regulator manufacturers give special attention to concerns like mouthpiece comfort and jaw fatigue. Recreational Scuba Regulators Recreational scuba regulators provide you with a quality piece of equipment at a reasonable price. With a Recreational regulator, you won't be missing important features. Like all high-quality regulators, Recreational Scuba Regulators often come with a diver adjustable venturi effect. This is a system that takes advantage of constriction to make air particles move faster, which creates a vacuum effect that makes breathing from your regulator that much easier. Economical Scuba Regulators Never let a budget get in your way with our Economical Scuba Regulators. Safe and reliable regulators at an unbeatable cost, an economy regulator can get you out of your routine and into the ocean without breaking your wallet.	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#9_333945224	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: With a Recreational regulator, you won't be missing important features. Like all high-quality regulators, Recreational Scuba Regulators often come with a diver adjustable venturi effect. This is a system that takes advantage of constriction to make air particles move faster, which creates a vacuum effect that makes breathing from your regulator that much easier. Economical Scuba Regulators Never let a budget get in your way with our Economical Scuba Regulators. Safe and reliable regulators at an unbeatable cost, an economy regulator can get you out of your routine and into the ocean without breaking your wallet. Tested vigorously by Scuba Lab, many of these regulators received perfect scores in their categories. Quality regulators from world-famous brands can be found here, brands like Mares, IST, Aeris, and Oceanic. With features like 360 degree first stage swivel, and heat exchangers to fight freeze-ups, you won't find yourself wanting with these scuba regulators. DIN Scuba Regulators A DIN regulator can be attached only to a DIN valve, which is incompatible with standard Yoke regulators and valves. The best way to check if your valve requires a DIN regulator is to check where the two connect - if they must be screwed together, there is a good chance you have a DIN valve.	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#10_333947519	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: Tested vigorously by Scuba Lab, many of these regulators received perfect scores in their categories. Quality regulators from world-famous brands can be found here, brands like Mares, IST, Aeris, and Oceanic. With features like 360 degree first stage swivel, and heat exchangers to fight freeze-ups, you won't find yourself wanting with these scuba regulators. DIN Scuba Regulators A DIN regulator can be attached only to a DIN valve, which is incompatible with standard Yoke regulators and valves. The best way to check if your valve requires a DIN regulator is to check where the two connect - if they must be screwed together, there is a good chance you have a DIN valve. If a metal brace has to go over the tank valve, and the brace screwed down to clamp the first stage, then you have a Yoke valve. DIN valve/regulator connections are more streamlined than Yoke connections, requiring less outside hardware to attach. A DIN valve and regulator can also handle higher pressures when configured correctly, and may be the ideal solution for technical and professional divers. Scuba Regulator Accessories Find items to protect, maintain, and repair your regulator right here. Padded regulator bags will keep your most important components safe during travel, serving as a low-cost insurance policy for a high-cost piece of gear.	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_221483729#11_333949850	Title: Scuba Diving Regulators Headings: Scuba Diving Regulators Scuba Diving Regulators Mares Loop 15X Regulator and Octopus Kit Cressi XS Compact AC2 Regulator Oceanic Alpha 10 + sPX DIN Regulator OMS Airstream Evoque Regulator with Flex Hose Mares Prestige 15X Regulator Atomic Color Kit for B2 Regulator Scubapro MK25 EVO/S600 Regulator Scuba Regulator & Octo Grab Bag Cressi Compact MC9 Regulator Atomic Aquatics M1 Regulator, DIN Cressi AC25M Master Cromo Regulator Sherwood SR2 Regulator Oceanic ZEO Swivel Regulator Mares Rover 2S Regulator Zeagle F8 Yoke Regulator Aqua Lung Leg3nd Elite Regulator ~ New 2020 Scuba Diving Regulators Buying Guide Top of the Line Scuba Regulators Recreational Scuba Regulators Economical Scuba Regulators DIN Scuba Regulators Scuba Regulator Accessories Content: If a metal brace has to go over the tank valve, and the brace screwed down to clamp the first stage, then you have a Yoke valve. DIN valve/regulator connections are more streamlined than Yoke connections, requiring less outside hardware to attach. A DIN valve and regulator can also handle higher pressures when configured correctly, and may be the ideal solution for technical and professional divers. Scuba Regulator Accessories Find items to protect, maintain, and repair your regulator right here. Padded regulator bags will keep your most important components safe during travel, serving as a low-cost insurance policy for a high-cost piece of gear. Lubricant will keep the parts of your regulator, 1st and 2nd stage, safe from grinding and wear-and-tear. You can get braided regulator hoses for extra durability, spare 1st or 2nd stages for any market regulator, and even dedicated toolkits to make certain you don't have to put a dive on hold for a broken part. Filter Categories: Categories Filter By: Accessory Types Brand Configuration First Stage Type Diaphragm Piston Load More Load Less HP Ports 1 HP Port 2 HP Ports Load More Load Less LP Ports 3 LP Ports 4 LP Ports 5 LP Ports 6+ LP Ports Load More Load Less Special Features Adjustable 2nd Stage DIN Fitting Environmentally Sealed Lightweight O2 Ready Swivel 2nd Stage Titanium Load More Load Less Price Range Under $100 (18) $100 to $250 (5) $250 to $500 $500 to $1000 Over $1000 Load More Load Less Avg Rating & up (4) & up	https://www.scuba.com/collections/scuba-regulators
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222479923#4_336282025	Title: Guide to Buying Your First Set of Scuba Gear \| Scuba Diving Headings: Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Phase One: The Basics Scuba Mask Snorkel Scuba Fins Full-Foot or Open-Heel Fins? Wetsuit Exposure Suit Comfort Zones Phase Two: Life-Support Equipment Scuba BCDs How Much BCD Lift Do you Need? Scuba Regulators Dive Computers Where Should You Buy Gear? Diver life-support products should not be sold to unqualified buyers. Dive gear should not be sold when operating incorrectly. Gear should not be sold to a diver without regard to proper fit and function. Little service or support is available by mail order, and gear that is not purchased locally may not be able to be serviced locally and may have no warranty. How much does scuba gear cost? How do I clean and maintain scuba gear? Dive Speak — Dive Gear Content: Our Scuba Lab experts have come up with this six-step plan for foolproof mask fitting: 1. Look up at the ceiling and place the mask on your face without using the strap. It should rest evenly with no gaps. 2. Place a regulator or snorkel mouthpiece in your mouth. Does the mask still feel comfortable? Any gaps yet? 3. Look forward.	https://www.scubadiving.com/training/basic-skills/your-first-set-gear-buyers-guide
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222479923#5_336283474	Title: Guide to Buying Your First Set of Scuba Gear \| Scuba Diving Headings: Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Phase One: The Basics Scuba Mask Snorkel Scuba Fins Full-Foot or Open-Heel Fins? Wetsuit Exposure Suit Comfort Zones Phase Two: Life-Support Equipment Scuba BCDs How Much BCD Lift Do you Need? Scuba Regulators Dive Computers Where Should You Buy Gear? Diver life-support products should not be sold to unqualified buyers. Dive gear should not be sold when operating incorrectly. Gear should not be sold to a diver without regard to proper fit and function. Little service or support is available by mail order, and gear that is not purchased locally may not be able to be serviced locally and may have no warranty. How much does scuba gear cost? How do I clean and maintain scuba gear? Dive Speak — Dive Gear Content: Place a regulator or snorkel mouthpiece in your mouth. Does the mask still feel comfortable? Any gaps yet? 3. Look forward. Place the mask on your face without using the strap and gently inhale through your nose. The mask should seal easily on your face. Caution: A strong inhale will close minor leak areas and invalidate this test. 4.	https://www.scubadiving.com/training/basic-skills/your-first-set-gear-buyers-guide
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222479923#7_336286497	Title: Guide to Buying Your First Set of Scuba Gear \| Scuba Diving Headings: Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Phase One: The Basics Scuba Mask Snorkel Scuba Fins Full-Foot or Open-Heel Fins? Wetsuit Exposure Suit Comfort Zones Phase Two: Life-Support Equipment Scuba BCDs How Much BCD Lift Do you Need? Scuba Regulators Dive Computers Where Should You Buy Gear? Diver life-support products should not be sold to unqualified buyers. Dive gear should not be sold when operating incorrectly. Gear should not be sold to a diver without regard to proper fit and function. Little service or support is available by mail order, and gear that is not purchased locally may not be able to be serviced locally and may have no warranty. How much does scuba gear cost? How do I clean and maintain scuba gear? Dive Speak — Dive Gear Content: Repeat the sniff test with a mouthpiece in place. 5. If the mask is still in the running, adjust the strap and put it on your face. Make sure the nose pocket doesn't touch your nose and that the skirt feels comfortable on your upper lip. 6. Put the regulator mouthpiece in one more time to make sure you can easily reach the nose pocket to equalize your ears. Any mask that passes this test is a potential keeper. You'll find a whole range of options on masks, including side, top and bottom panes for a wider field of vision. Some also have purge valves for venting any water that leaks in, and others have quick strap adjustments. These options (and a range of color schemes) are a matter of personal preference--just make sure the mask you choose fits right.	https://www.scubadiving.com/training/basic-skills/your-first-set-gear-buyers-guide
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222479923#8_336288375	Title: Guide to Buying Your First Set of Scuba Gear \| Scuba Diving Headings: Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Your First Set of Scuba Gear: A Buyer's Guide Phase One: The Basics Scuba Mask Snorkel Scuba Fins Full-Foot or Open-Heel Fins? Wetsuit Exposure Suit Comfort Zones Phase Two: Life-Support Equipment Scuba BCDs How Much BCD Lift Do you Need? Scuba Regulators Dive Computers Where Should You Buy Gear? Diver life-support products should not be sold to unqualified buyers. Dive gear should not be sold when operating incorrectly. Gear should not be sold to a diver without regard to proper fit and function. Little service or support is available by mail order, and gear that is not purchased locally may not be able to be serviced locally and may have no warranty. How much does scuba gear cost? How do I clean and maintain scuba gear? Dive Speak — Dive Gear Content: Put the regulator mouthpiece in one more time to make sure you can easily reach the nose pocket to equalize your ears. Any mask that passes this test is a potential keeper. You'll find a whole range of options on masks, including side, top and bottom panes for a wider field of vision. Some also have purge valves for venting any water that leaks in, and others have quick strap adjustments. These options (and a range of color schemes) are a matter of personal preference--just make sure the mask you choose fits right. Cost - From $50 to $200. Our Advice - Clear or light-colored mask skirts let more light in and are generally more comfortable for new divers. Need to buy a new mask? Read our latest ScubaLab scuba diving mask review. Your First Set of gear:	https://www.scubadiving.com/training/basic-skills/your-first-set-gear-buyers-guide
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#5_336657708	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Know the depth. You don’t want to jump into water that’s too shallow and hit the bottom. Step close to the edge. To perform a giant stride entry you need to be close to the edge. Put air in your BCD. Put enough air into your buoyancy control device ( BCD) for positive buoyancy. This brings you to the surface when you jump in. This allows you to come together with your buddy at the surface before descending on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe from your regulator as a final check your regulator is working and your air is switched on.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#6_336659613	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Put enough air into your buoyancy control device ( BCD) for positive buoyancy. This brings you to the surface when you jump in. This allows you to come together with your buddy at the surface before descending on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe from your regulator as a final check your regulator is working and your air is switched on. Protect your equipment. Put one hand over your mask and regulator to prevent these from dislodging on entry. Put your other arm around your other equipment (your hoses, gauges and dive torch etc.) to avoid these from hitting you as you enter the water. Wait for the all-clear from the skipper.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#11_336669645	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Aim to enter the water vertically. You need to lunge forward enough to make sure you’re scuba tank doesn’t hit the edge of the boat or whatever platform you’re jumping from. But not too far forward that you enter the water face-first. The aim is to enter the water vertically (See the video below for how not to enter the water scuba diving). Leave putting your regulator in your mouth until the last second. Your regulator should be the last thing you put in your mouth. You don’t want to be using up valuable air from your dive tank on the surface. Giant stride entry video The above video clearly demonstrates the giant stride entry into deep water. Follow this technique and you’ll be safe. 2.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#12_336671691	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Your regulator should be the last thing you put in your mouth. You don’t want to be using up valuable air from your dive tank on the surface. Giant stride entry video The above video clearly demonstrates the giant stride entry into deep water. Follow this technique and you’ll be safe. 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry method is the best water entry technique for entering the water from a rib, zodiac or other small boat. You can use the back roll entry method from a larger hard boat, but usually the sides of the boat are too high from the water. This can make this type of water entry unsafe from a high sided boat. The back roll entry technique step by step guide Get kitted up. At this stage don’t put your regulator in your mouth.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#14_336675857	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Sit on the side of the boat. To perform a back roll entry you to need to sit on the edge of the boat facing inwards. Which in the case of a rib or zodiac this will be sitting on the tubes (see video below). Put air in your BCD. Put enough air into your buoyancy control device (BCD). This should be enough air to make you buoyant enough to bring you to the surface after you’ve rolled back into the water. This allows you to come together with your buddy before you descend on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe in as a final check that your regulator is working and your air is switched on. Protect your equipment.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#15_336677834	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: This should be enough air to make you buoyant enough to bring you to the surface after you’ve rolled back into the water. This allows you to come together with your buddy before you descend on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe in as a final check that your regulator is working and your air is switched on. Protect your equipment. Put one hand over your mask and regulator to prevent them from dislodging on entry. Put your other arm around your hoses, gauges and other equipment to avoid these from hitting you as you enter the water. Wait for the all-clear from the skipper. Before entering the water, always wait for the boat skipper to give you the all clear. The all-clear indicates the boat is correct placed and the boat is in neutral.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#18_336683971	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Turn to the boat and give the okay signal to someone on the boat. Wait for your buddy or fellow divers. If you’re in first you need to wait on the surface for your fellow divers before you descend. Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Here are a few extra tips for using the back roll entry method into the water: Point your chin towards your chest. As you roll backwards, point your chin towards your chest. This avoids you from hitting your first stage regulator. Put your hand on the back of your head. Some recommend to put one hand over your mask and regulator and the other on the back of your head. Those that recommend this technique say it prevents you from hitting your head on your first stage regulator.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#19_336686023	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: As you roll backwards, point your chin towards your chest. This avoids you from hitting your first stage regulator. Put your hand on the back of your head. Some recommend to put one hand over your mask and regulator and the other on the back of your head. Those that recommend this technique say it prevents you from hitting your head on your first stage regulator. But in all the years I’ve dived, I’ve preferred to put my other arm around my equipment. I’ve never hit my head on my first stage. Stay calm as you enter the water. The first time you perform a back roll entry, you may feel a bit disorientated when you enter the water. Don’t worry and don’t panic.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#23_336694271	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: At this stage don’t put your regulator in your mouth. Know the depth. You don’t want to jump into water that’s too shallow and hit the bottom. Step close to the edge. To perform a forward roll entry method to need to be close to the edge. Put air in your BCD. Put enough air into your buoyancy control device (BCD) to bring you to the surface after you’ve jumped in. This allows you to come together with your buddy before you descend on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe in as a final check that your regulator is working and your air is switched on.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222622090#24_336696200	Title: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Headings: 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) 5 Scuba Diving Entry Techniques (Tips For Entering The Water Safely) Tips for entering the water safely when scuba diving from a boat or from the shore Most common scuba diving entry techniques 1. Giant stride entry method The giant stride entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for a giant stride entry Giant stride entry video 2. Back roll entry method The back roll entry technique step by step guide Extra tips for the back roll entry technique Back roll entry method video 3. Forward roll entry method The forward roll entry technique step by step guide Forward roll entry method video 4. The seated entry method Seated entry method video 5. Wading entry method with or without fins Backwards wading with fins Wading into the water from the shore holding your fins How not to enter the water scuba diving I hope you enjoyed this article about scuba diving entry techniques Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: Put air in your BCD. Put enough air into your buoyancy control device (BCD) to bring you to the surface after you’ve jumped in. This allows you to come together with your buddy before you descend on your dive as a buddy pair. Put your regulator in your mouth. Breathe in as a final check that your regulator is working and your air is switched on. Protect your equipment. Put one hand over your mask and regulator to prevent them from dislodging on entry. Put your other arm around your other equipment to avoid these from hitting you as you enter the water. Wait for the all-clear from the skipper. Before entering the water, always wait for the boat skipper to give you the all clear.	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/5-scuba-diving-entry-techniques-tips-entering-the-water-scuba-diving/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_222810068#26_337270784	Title: How to Clear a Scuba Diving Mask Like a Pro (4 Steps to Clear a Mask) Headings: How to Clear a Scuba Diving Mask Like a Pro (4 Steps to Clear a Mask) How to Clear a Scuba Diving Mask Like a Pro (4 Steps to Clear a Mask) How to clear a scuba diving mask and why it’s important to learn mask clearing underwater 4 simple steps to clear a scuba diving mask underwater like a pro diver: Why do you need to clear your mask scuba diving? Reasons why you need mask clearing skill: 1. If you have a mask that leaks on a dive you need to know how to clear the water 2. Your mask may get knocked off by another scuba diver’s fins 3. Laughing underwater can make a mask leak 4. A strong current or a running tide can pull your mask off 5. Clearing a fogged up mask requires a mask clear 6. Training of beginner scuba divers 7. Scuba diver in trouble can lead to a mask full of water How to clear a scuba diving mask How do you practice mask clearing? What are is the four step process to become confident at mask clearing: 1. How to clear a partially flooded scuba mask 2. The half-full dive mask clearing technique 3. The full dive mask clear 4. How to perform a dive mask removal and replacement Why is it important to use just one hand for dive mask clearing? I hope you enjoyed this article about how to clear a scuba diving mask Hi I’m Russell Bowyer Content: The simple steps of how to perform a mask removal and replacement are as follows: Take a few shallow breaths from your regulator to prepare yourself. You need to be calm. It’s okay to close your eyes before you remove your mask. Only when you feel ready remove your mask completely. Be careful not to take water up your nose and continue to breathe from your regulator.* Put the mask strap aro	https://www.scubadivingearth.com/how-to-clear-a-scuba-diving-mask-tips-and-techniques-that-work/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223247272#13_338584147	Title: How To Cook Crayfish - The Scuba Doctor Headings: How To Cook Crayfish How To Cook Crayfish Practical Crayfish cooking advice from The Scuba Doctor Preparing Your Crayfish for Cooking Which Parts of a Crayfish Can You Eat? Ways to Cook Cray Use Salted Water [ Top ] Steaming Your Crayfish Pot Steamed Crayfish Pot Steaming Crayfish Cooking Times Bamboo Steamer Steamed Crayfish Boiling and Blanching Tips Blanching Your Crayfish Boiling Your Crayfish Crayfish Cooking Tips How to Tell when your Crayfish is Cooked: Pan Fried Crayfish [ Top ] Grilling or Barbecued Crayfish [ Top ] Wok Cooked Crayfish Wok Cooked Rock Lobster in Ginger and Chilli 'A La JL' Ingredients: Method: [ Top ] How to Shell Crayfish How to Prepare Cooked Southern Rock Lobster P.S. — Crayfish Soup Content: Be careful not to over pack your pot with Crayfish because it will result in uneven blanching/cooking and generally the Crayfish closest to the heat source will be blanched/cooked to a greater degree than the others. Set up ice baths to terminate the cooking process as quickly as possible after blanching or boiling. Blanching Your Crayfish Blanching is a common method of extracting the meat from the shell, however the meat is not green. This method slightly cooks the external edges of the Cray and will generally fully cook the leg, knuckle and horn meat. To preserve the greatest degree of uncooked meat, put the Crayfish into boiling salted water (or seasoned court bouillon), and bring them back up to the boil. Immediately after they turn bright red (2-3 minutes) remove them to an ice bath to arrest the cooking. Proceed with meat extraction when they are completely chilled. Boiling Your Crayfish Geoff's Tip: Add a couple of tablespoons of sugar and a splash of white vineger to the water. It helps sweeten the flesh, especially with larger, tougher Crayfish.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/article-cooking-crayfish.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223247272#14_338586223	Title: How To Cook Crayfish - The Scuba Doctor Headings: How To Cook Crayfish How To Cook Crayfish Practical Crayfish cooking advice from The Scuba Doctor Preparing Your Crayfish for Cooking Which Parts of a Crayfish Can You Eat? Ways to Cook Cray Use Salted Water [ Top ] Steaming Your Crayfish Pot Steamed Crayfish Pot Steaming Crayfish Cooking Times Bamboo Steamer Steamed Crayfish Boiling and Blanching Tips Blanching Your Crayfish Boiling Your Crayfish Crayfish Cooking Tips How to Tell when your Crayfish is Cooked: Pan Fried Crayfish [ Top ] Grilling or Barbecued Crayfish [ Top ] Wok Cooked Crayfish Wok Cooked Rock Lobster in Ginger and Chilli 'A La JL' Ingredients: Method: [ Top ] How to Shell Crayfish How to Prepare Cooked Southern Rock Lobster P.S. — Crayfish Soup Content: Immediately after they turn bright red (2-3 minutes) remove them to an ice bath to arrest the cooking. Proceed with meat extraction when they are completely chilled. Boiling Your Crayfish Geoff's Tip: Add a couple of tablespoons of sugar and a splash of white vineger to the water. It helps sweeten the flesh, especially with larger, tougher Crayfish. 1. Bring a large pot of salted water to the boil with your Crayfish in the pot from the very beginning. 2. When the water comes to the boil observe the following cooking times. Weight Range Grams Weight Range Pounds Cooking Time Minutes 600 to 800 1.32 to 1.76 lb 9 to 10 minutes 800 to 1000 1.76 to 2.2 lb 11 to 12 minutes For every 100 g over 1 kg For every 0.22 lb over 2.2 lb Add another minute 2 kg plus 4.4 lb 22 minutes For every 100 g over 2 kg For every 0.22 lb over 4.4 lb Add another 45 seconds YouTube Recfishwest 1.31K subscribers Subscribe Recfishwest \| How to perfectly cook crayfish!	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/article-cooking-crayfish.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223311207#4_338634361	Title: Buying Scuba Diving Hoses - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Buying Scuba Diving Hoses Buying Scuba Diving Hoses Guidance and advice on selecting your diving hoses Identifying the Right Scuba Hose Measuring the Hose Fittings and Threads Scuba Hose Bore Size Selecting the Right Scuba Hose Regulator Hoses BCD/Inflator/Jacket Hoses High Pressure Gauge Hoses Measuring Your Hose Length Recommended Hose Lengths Regulator Hose Lengths BCD/Inflator/Jacket Hose Lengths High Pressure Gauge Hose Lengths Choosing Your Scuba Hose Colour Scheme Technical Diver Hose Colours Sport/Recreational Diver Hose Colours Reduce Jaw Fatigue Fitting Your Dive Hoses Safety First Online Dive Shop Dive Sites Map Content: Selecting the Right Scuba Hose The right scuba diving hose is the one that's best for your application. Regardless of how well we do our research on "standard hose lengths" someone always needs a hose of a different length or colour. Regulator Hoses The majority of regulator and octopus hoses have a 3/8"-24 male UNF thread for the first stage connection with a standard 9/16"-18 female UNF scuba style nut for connection to the second stage regulator. Certain Mares and older Apeks first stage regulators have larger 1/2"-20 female UNF thread ports. We have low pressure first stage adaptors to convert from 1/2"-20 UNF to standard 3/8"-24 female UNF thread ports. We strongly recommend the range of Miflex Low Pressure Regulator Hoses, available in lengths from 15 cm to 210 cm and ten different colours. BCD/Inflator/Jacket Hoses On our BCD/Inflator hoses, these are all supplied with a 3/8"-24 male UNF thread for first stage connection and a Seatec style quick disconnect/release couple, fitted with an internal Schrader valve. Our Inflator hoses are also suitable for dry-suit applications as well. Some BCD inflator units incorporate a combined octopus/backup regulator. A standard inflator hose can't supply enough air for the regulator section of the unit.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/buying-scuba-diving-hoses.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223331630#0_338657818	Title: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines Free Assembly Scuba Regulator Choices DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Cold Water Kit Piston vs Diaphragm Regulators Overbalanced Regulators Scuba Regulator Ports Nitrox Compatible Regulators Compact Second Stage Regulators Side Vented Second Stage Regulators Content: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Home Online Dive Shop Shop Advice Air, Nitrox and Trimix Fills Bespoke Scuba Fitting Service Why Buy Scuba Equipment? Scuba Buying Guides Scuba Gift Guides Trusted Scuba Advice Scuba Mask Features Fixing Underwater Vision Problems Avoiding Mask Squeeze Snorkel Features Scuba Fins BCD Features Regulator Features Save a Dive Kit How to Deploy a SMB How to Thread a Weight Belt Buckle How to Thread a Tank Cam Band Buckle Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting Buoyancy Control Nitrox Fills and O2 Cleaning Cylinders Scuba Diving Gas Analysis Assembling Twin Cylinders Scorkl Dangers Trusted Snorkelling Advice Underwater Photography and Videography Prescription Goggles for Swimming Beginners Spearfishing Gear Essential Spearfishing Gear Introduction to Hookah Diving Selected Product Range Rebreathers Scuba Equipment Rental Holiday Dive Gear Hire Holiday and Gift Giving Scuba Diving Checklist Service & Repairs Dive Trips Dive Courses Dive Resources About Us Contact Us Home / Shop Advice / Trusted Scuba Advice / Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. Choosing a scuba dicing regulator can seem a daunting task. First comes the shock that the price of the typical regulator set does not include the octopus, gauges and BCD inflator hose that was always included in the rented and school equipment you have been using. A typical regulator set comprises the first stage regulator with one second stage regulator. However, modern regulators all come up to a very high minimum standard so whichever you decide to purchase, you are unlikely to be disappointed. For a large range of Regulator and Octopus options for all conditions visit the Regulators section in the The Scuba Doctor Online Dive Shop. For a large range of Instrument options for all conditions visit the Instruments section in the The Scuba Doctor Online Dive Shop. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines The basic rule of thumb with selecting a diving regulator is to go for the most expensive you can afford that is most suited to the diving you will be doing. The more you spend the easier it will be to breathe from.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/dive-shop-regulators.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223331630#1_338660701	Title: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines Free Assembly Scuba Regulator Choices DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Cold Water Kit Piston vs Diaphragm Regulators Overbalanced Regulators Scuba Regulator Ports Nitrox Compatible Regulators Compact Second Stage Regulators Side Vented Second Stage Regulators Content: However, modern regulators all come up to a very high minimum standard so whichever you decide to purchase, you are unlikely to be disappointed. For a large range of Regulator and Octopus options for all conditions visit the Regulators section in the The Scuba Doctor Online Dive Shop. For a large range of Instrument options for all conditions visit the Instruments section in the The Scuba Doctor Online Dive Shop. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines The basic rule of thumb with selecting a diving regulator is to go for the most expensive you can afford that is most suited to the diving you will be doing. The more you spend the easier it will be to breathe from. When purchasing your regulator you will need to buy the three major parts – the 1st and 2nd stage (regulator set), the alternate air source (octopus) and the instruments. As with most purchases, going for major brand names assures a certain level of quality and even though many of us like a bargain, with scuba equipment, the more you spend the better the equipment you get. So, if you thought your regulator would include an octopus and gauges, take your regulator budget and deduct between 30% to 40% to allow for the basic instruments you will need. Whatever is left is what you can afford for your regulator. You should always use the same brand of 1st and 2nd stages, plus the octopus you choose should also be from the same manufacturer as your first stage regulator to ensure the intermediate pressures are compatible.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/dive-shop-regulators.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223331630#2_338662874	Title: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines Free Assembly Scuba Regulator Choices DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Cold Water Kit Piston vs Diaphragm Regulators Overbalanced Regulators Scuba Regulator Ports Nitrox Compatible Regulators Compact Second Stage Regulators Side Vented Second Stage Regulators Content: When purchasing your regulator you will need to buy the three major parts – the 1st and 2nd stage (regulator set), the alternate air source (octopus) and the instruments. As with most purchases, going for major brand names assures a certain level of quality and even though many of us like a bargain, with scuba equipment, the more you spend the better the equipment you get. So, if you thought your regulator would include an octopus and gauges, take your regulator budget and deduct between 30% to 40% to allow for the basic instruments you will need. Whatever is left is what you can afford for your regulator. You should always use the same brand of 1st and 2nd stages, plus the octopus you choose should also be from the same manufacturer as your first stage regulator to ensure the intermediate pressures are compatible. Gauges need not be made by the same manufacturer, but you should always go for major instrument brands because their accuracy and reliability are much higher than imitations. Free Assembly When you have made your choice and ordered your equipment from The Scuba Doctor, we will assemble and test the regulator, octopus, gauges and any hoses, prior to dispatch or collection to ensure they are functioning correctly (unless you request us to do otherwise). Scuba Regulator Choices There are several types of regulator, piston or diaphragm and balanced and unbalanced systems. DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators The most common coupling in use in Australia is still the International Yoke or A-Clamp fitting (same thing, different names!). Yoke fittings were the recreational diving worldwide standard, but technical divers switched to DIN a long time ago because it's a safer system.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/dive-shop-regulators.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223331630#5_338669153	Title: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines Free Assembly Scuba Regulator Choices DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Cold Water Kit Piston vs Diaphragm Regulators Overbalanced Regulators Scuba Regulator Ports Nitrox Compatible Regulators Compact Second Stage Regulators Side Vented Second Stage Regulators Content: DIN fitting regulators are by far a safer coupling with the regulator actually screwing into the tank valve, trapping the high pressure o-ring so it cannot extrude like it occasionally (and spectacularly) does with an A-Clamp fitting. There are two types of DIN fitting – DIN200 and DIN300 – with DIN200 having 7 threads suitable for use with 232bar/3000psi cylinders and DIN300 with 9 threads suitable for 300bar/4500psi cylinders. Although a DIN300 fitting will attach to a DIN200 valve this is not recommended. We use and recommend DIN fitting first stage regulators. They're safer and lighter for travel. Plus, if you do end up in a location where they only have valves with Yoke fittings, you can simply use a DIN to Yoke Adaptor to quickly changeover. Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Simply put, a balanced regulator is always a preferable option. Most entry level regulators are unbalanced whereas the next model up is generally balanced. A balanced first stage regulator offers consistent air flow regardless of depth and tank pressure. An unbalanced regulator will become harder to breathe from as depth increases and or tank pressure decreases.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/dive-shop-regulators.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223331630#6_338670990	Title: Regulator Features - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Regulator Features Regulator Features Advice on choosing the right scuba regulator for you. General Scuba Regulator Guidelines Free Assembly Scuba Regulator Choices DIN vs Yoke (A-Clamp) Regulators Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Cold Water Kit Piston vs Diaphragm Regulators Overbalanced Regulators Scuba Regulator Ports Nitrox Compatible Regulators Compact Second Stage Regulators Side Vented Second Stage Regulators Content: Plus, if you do end up in a location where they only have valves with Yoke fittings, you can simply use a DIN to Yoke Adaptor to quickly changeover. Balanced/Unbalanced Regulators Simply put, a balanced regulator is always a preferable option. Most entry level regulators are unbalanced whereas the next model up is generally balanced. A balanced first stage regulator offers consistent air flow regardless of depth and tank pressure. An unbalanced regulator will become harder to breathe from as depth increases and or tank pressure decreases. That said, modern unbalanced regulators perform very well and the advantage of an unbalanced regulator is that annual service costs are lower as they tend have few moving parts. This does in turn make them exceptionally reliable as are all modern regulators, regardless of type. However, balanced regulators offer consistent high air flow to the second stages making breathing resistance less and therefore breathing easier. Cold Water Kit The definition of cold water diving is in water less than 10 degrees centigrade, which can often occur during Melbourne's winter. There are markings to help you identify regulators suitable for cold water diving such as EN250 but most will say whether they are cold water compatible or environmental sealed in the descriptions.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/dive-shop-regulators.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223355635#0_338716043	Title: Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting How to Figure Out How Much Lead You Need Weighty Matters Crude Weight Calculation: Slightly Better Weight Calculation: Perfect Weight Calculation: We recommend getting your weighting right to the nearest 0.5 kg (1 lb). Log It Make One Final Check Understanding the Factors Involved Salt Water vs. Fresh? Is 'Perfect' Weighting Always Perfect? Content: Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting - The Scuba Doctor Home Online Dive Shop Shop Advice Air, Nitrox and Trimix Fills Bespoke Scuba Fitting Service Why Buy Scuba Equipment? Scuba Buying Guides Scuba Gift Guides Trusted Scuba Advice Scuba Mask Features Fixing Underwater Vision Problems Avoiding Mask Squeeze Snorkel Features Scuba Fins BCD Features Regulator Features Save a Dive Kit How to Deploy a SMB How to Thread a Weight Belt Buckle How to Thread a Tank Cam Band Buckle Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting Buoyancy Control Nitrox Fills and O2 Cleaning Cylinders Scuba Diving Gas Analysis Assembling Twin Cylinders Scorkl Dangers Trusted Snorkelling Advice Underwater Photography and Videography Prescription Goggles for Swimming Beginners Spearfishing Gear Essential Spearfishing Gear Introduction to Hookah Diving Selected Product Range Rebreathers Scuba Equipment Rental Holiday Dive Gear Hire Holiday and Gift Giving Scuba Diving Checklist Service & Repairs Dive Trips Dive Courses Dive Resources About Us Contact Us Home / Shop Advice / Trusted Scuba Advice / Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting Perfect Scuba Diving Weighting How to Figure Out How Much Lead You Need "Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object." — Archimedes Lloyd Borrett doing deco above the USS Arkansas battleship at Bikini Atoll. Photo: Bill Jakab. There's no denying that peak performance buoyancy control separates the dive paddlers from the pros. When all the big talk is over and the water closes over your head, there is nothing that pulls the whole scuba diving thing together like perfect buoyancy control. The secret to pinpoint buoyancy control begins with fine-tuning your weighting — that's how much lead you thread on your weight belt, or put into your weight pouches. If you are carrying just the right amount of weight, you will have the smallest amount of BC inflation. That means less drag and more efficient finning.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/perfect-weighting.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223371892#17_338777806	Title: Scuba Diving O-Rings - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Scuba Diving O-Rings Scuba Diving O-Rings Information You Need to Know When Buying Scuba O-Rings O-Ring Sizing O-Ring Materials O-Ring Hardness O-Ring Colour: How to Replace Your Cylinder/Tank Valve O-ring Apeks O-rings Scubapro O-Rings Tech Tip: SCUBA Regulator DIN Connector O-ring Sizes O-rings Available from The Scuba Doctor Scuba O-Ring Application Guide Content: Never use silicone grease. This is especially to be avoided if you are using a nitrox mix (a combination of nitrogen and oxygen). Silicone reacts with oxygen. Avoid using anything other than your finger or the back eraser end of a pencil to seat the O-ring. Make sure the new o-ring you just put in doesn't have any nicks, cuts or stretch marks on it. If it does, replace it with a new one again. Test the new O-ring, by attaching the first stage of your regulator like you would normally do. Slowly open the cylinder valve to pressurize the regulator. If you hear a loud pop or clap and air hissing out, the O-ring is not properly seated. Go back to the beginning and try again.	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/scuba-diving-orings.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223371892#18_338779102	Title: Scuba Diving O-Rings - The Scuba Doctor Headings: Scuba Diving O-Rings Scuba Diving O-Rings Information You Need to Know When Buying Scuba O-Rings O-Ring Sizing O-Ring Materials O-Ring Hardness O-Ring Colour: How to Replace Your Cylinder/Tank Valve O-ring Apeks O-rings Scubapro O-Rings Tech Tip: SCUBA Regulator DIN Connector O-ring Sizes O-rings Available from The Scuba Doctor Scuba O-Ring Application Guide Content: If it does, replace it with a new one again. Test the new O-ring, by attaching the first stage of your regulator like you would normally do. Slowly open the cylinder valve to pressurize the regulator. If you hear a loud pop or clap and air hissing out, the O-ring is not properly seated. Go back to the beginning and try again. Trident Brass O-Ring 3 Piece Tool Set RRP: $81 ,	https://www.scubadoctor.com.au/scuba-diving-orings.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223479950#3_338969312	Title: Headings: Content: The inspection took nearly 2 years to complete. Rubi proposed that all missions in Texas, except for those at San Antonio and Goliad, be abandoned. Afterward, Rubi returned to Mexico City and recommended a number of changes. He also recommended that all Spanish all Spanish settlers in East Texas be moved to San Antonio. In 1773 the new Spanish governor (Baron de Ripperda ) closed the last 3 missions in East Texas and ordered the 500 settlers to move to San Antonio. The East Texans did resettle, but reluctantly. San Antonio was hotter and drier than East Texas and required irrigation for farming. Spanish efforts to colonize other areas of Texas were slowed by Apache and Comanche raids. Governor de Ripperdahoped to form an alliance with powerful Native Americans in the region to fight against the Apache. However, the raids continued, which discouraged settlement.	https://www.scuc.txed.net/cms/lib/TX02204767/Centricity/Domain/1575/chapter%207%20lesson%201.pptx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_223479950#4_338970438	Title: Headings: Content: The East Texans did resettle, but reluctantly. San Antonio was hotter and drier than East Texas and required irrigation for farming. Spanish efforts to colonize other areas of Texas were slowed by Apache and Comanche raids. Governor de Ripperdahoped to form an alliance with powerful Native Americans in the region to fight against the Apache. However, the raids continued, which discouraged settlement. Y’Barboand Nacogdoches The East Texans resented the changes. The leader of the East Texans Gil Y’Barbo asked Governor Ripperda to allow them to return to their former homes. The governor refused, but he permitted some East Texans to settle along the Trinity River. In 1774, they settled near present day Madisonville. They named the town Bucareliafter a Spanish general.	https://www.scuc.txed.net/cms/lib/TX02204767/Centricity/Domain/1575/chapter%207%20lesson%201.pptx
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_240209039#0_370429497	Title: Getting a Seaplane Rating - Seaplane Pilots Association Headings: Seaplane Pilots Association Seaplane Pilots Association Why Get a Seaplane Rating? How Hard is it to Get a Seaplane Rating? FAA Single Engine Sea Rating Requirements Sport Pilot Sea Endorsement Sport Pilot Content: Getting a Seaplane Rating - Seaplane Pilots Association Seaplane Pilots Association Why Get a Seaplane Rating? Its Fun... Most people that earn a seaplane rating will tell you that it was the most fun they have ever had both flying and earning a pilot rating. Expand your horizons... Earning your seaplane rating will open new horizons teaching pilots greater skills flying low and slow close to the ground and water. Each landing and you takeoff that you do in a seaplane will be different, unlike land flying where most pilots operate on paved surfaces that are smooth, long and obstruction free, landing on water is challenging. The water's surface condition must be read, boat and marine traffic must be accounted for an avoided, water depth must be read, in water and out of water obstructions must be identified, and boating skills must be mastered to dock ramp and beach a seaplane. Set yourself apart... Less than with less than 3% of pilots are seaplane rated, and those that have earned a seaplane rating and have seaplane flight experience are highly regarded by not only fellow peer pilots, but also employees of professional pilots. Adventure.... Seaplanes do not require runways and 80% of the earth is covered in water. So while land flying requires humans to build a runway whether it is a dirt runway or a paved runway. Seaplanes are the truest form of back country flying, and require no surface preparation. This means that they are more remote and even non-remote lakes, rivers, and even oceans become destinations and accessible to those that have gone the extra mile to earn a seaplane rating.	https://www.seaplanepilotsassociation.org/resources/the-largest-seaplane-resource-collection/getting-a-seaplane-rating/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_242447883#0_375559333	Title: Ad Campaigns That Celebrate Diversity \| Search Engine Journal Headings: 5 Ad Campaigns That Celebrate Diversity – And What We Can Learn From Them 5 Ad Campaigns That Celebrate Diversity – And What We Can Learn From Them Dove Real Beauty Sketches Barbie Imagine the Possibilities Well’s Fargo Learning Sign Language Tylenol’s #HowWeFamily Campaign Ad Council’s Love Has No Labels Campaign Takeaways Get consumer insights Diversify your team Tap new market segments To Conclude Image Credits ADVERTISEMENT Meg Cabrera Content: Ad Campaigns That Celebrate Diversity \| Search Engine Journal SEJ » Digital Advertising 5 Ad Campaigns That Celebrate Diversity – And What We Can Learn From Them It's not surprising that marketers incorporate diversity in their over-all strategy. Here are some ad campaigns that celebrate diversity. Meg Cabrera July 22, 2016 4 min read SEJ STAFF Meg Cabrera Sales Operations Analyst at Search Engine Journal Bio Follow / July 22, 2016 / 4 min read 396 SHARES 8.2K READS In this day, when diversity has been embraced by many, it is not surprising that marketers have incorporated this principle in their overall strategy to effectively connect with their target audience. A study released by BabyCenter & Yougov reveals that 80 percent of parents like to see diverse families in advertisements, and many millennial parents are more apt to talk about and purchase products that include family diversity in their marketing. Here are some examples of advertising campaigns that celebrate diversity: Dove Real Beauty Sketches The Dove Real Beauty campaign focuses on the struggles of being a woman. This beautiful campaign explores the emotions of the modern-day woman including the desire to feel empowered and beautiful. Advertisement Continue Reading Below Barbie Imagine the Possibilities The Barbie Imagine the Possibilities’ campaign highlights the dreams and aspirations of a child. No matter how young they are, they can become whoever they want to be. It’s based on the concept that there are no boundaries in dreaming, and children can set goals for themselves, and achieve them!	https://www.searchenginejournal.com/ad-campaigns-celebrate-diversity/167047/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_255043601#0_402814448	Title: Ducane furnace parts \| Sears PartsDirect Headings: Ducane furnace repair and replacement parts Ducane furnace repair and replacement parts Common Ducane furnace repair parts How to troubleshoot your Ducane furnace when it won't work at all Content: Ducane furnace parts \| Sears PartsDirect Ducane + Furnace parts Ducane furnace repair and replacement parts Ducane furnaces are known for their durability and safety. Precision control components in Ducane furnaces help improve heating efficiency, so you can economically heat your home during cold months. If your Ducane furnace stops working, trust Sears PartsDirect to have the replacement parts you need to get the furnace going again. Models (7) Showing 1 - 7 of 7 Ducane UHZB055A3 1 3 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 1 parts Shop parts Ducane UHZB100A4 1 2 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 0 parts Ducane MPGA-B-B gas furnace 11 parts Shop parts Ducane UHZB100A5 3 4 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 0 parts Ducane UHZB085A3 1 3 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 1 parts Shop parts Ducane UHZB085A4 1 2 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 1 parts Shop parts Ducane UHZB125A5 3 4 hp upflow horizontal oil furnace 1 parts Shop parts Showing 1 - 7 of 7 Back to top Common Ducane furnace repair parts Burner flame sensor. The burner flame sensor detects when the burner flame has ignited and sends a signal to the control board to stop the igniter from operating. Replace the burner flame sensor in your Ducane furnace if the flame sensor isn't properly detecting the burner flame. Igniter. The igniter lights the furnace burner. Replace the igniter if it fails to glow or spark to light the burner flame. Electronic integrated control board.	https://www.searspartsdirect.com/combo/3205-1234621/ducane-furnace-parts
msmarco_v2.1_doc_52_255043601#1_402816366	Title: Ducane furnace parts \| Sears PartsDirect Headings: Ducane furnace repair and replacement parts Ducane furnace repair and replacement parts Common Ducane furnace repair parts How to troubleshoot your Ducane furnace when it won't work at all Content: Replace the burner flame sensor in your Ducane furnace if the flame sensor isn't properly detecting the burner flame. Igniter. The igniter lights the furnace burner. Replace the igniter if it fails to glow or spark to light the burner flame. Electronic integrated control board. The electronic integrated control board manages various furnace functions such as heating, blower and vent motor operation. You may need to replace the electronic integrated control board when your Ducane furnace doesn't work at all. Thermostat. The thermostat senses temperature inside your home and turns the furnace on and off to maintain the set temperature. Replace the thermostat if it doesn't properly detect the temperature inside your home or it doesn't start and stop the furnace properly How to troubleshoot your Ducane furnace when it won't work at all Check the power supply for the furnace.	https://www.searspartsdirect.com/combo/3205-1234621/ducane-furnace-parts

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