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75,504,713 | Beibu-Gulf-University | Beibu Gulf University, located in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is a full-time regular higher education institution primarily focused on engineering, natural sciences, and management. It is a jointly established university by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the State Oceanic Administration. It is also a participant in the "Applied Undergraduate University" project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China. Moreover, it is recognized as a base for the "Industry-Education Integration Innovation Experiment" by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education. Beibu Gulf University serves as a pilot institution for the comprehensive transformation and development of new undergraduate institutions in Guangxi and is one of the founding members of the National Alliance of Applied Technology Universities. The university campus is designated as a 3A-level scenic area.In 2023, the school marks its 50th anniversary since its founding and the 117th year of hosting teacher education programs.
The university's history can be traced back to the establishment of Qinzhou Area Normal School in 1973. In 1982, it was renamed Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College, and in 1985, it expanded to become Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Normal University. In 1988, Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College was renamed Qinzhou Area Education College, and in 1991, it was transformed into Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2004, Qinzhou Ethnic Normal School, originally founded in 1906 (including Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Radio and Television University), merged with Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2006, it was upgraded to Qinzhou University. In late November 2018, the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of Beibu Gulf University on the basis of Qinzhou University.
The school covers an area of 2070 acres with approximately 700,000 square meters of building space. It boasts teaching, scientific research, and practice equipment valued at 486 million yuan, 1.98 million volumes of printed books, and 860,000 electronic books. The staff includes about 1,400 members, with 318 holding doctorates and nearly 500 with senior professional titles. The total full-time student body is about 22,500, including 436 master's students and over 300 international students. The institution comprises 19 academic units: the College of Marine Science, Maritime College, College of Mechanical, Shipbuilding & Ocean Engineering, College of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Food Engineering, College of Electronics & Information Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, College of Resources & Environment, College of Science, College of Economics & Management, College of Humanities, College of International Education & Foreign Languages, College of Ceramics & Design, College of Education, College of Marxism, College of Physical Education, Beibu Gulf University-East Michigan Joint College of Engineering, College of Continuing Education, and College of Innovation & Entrepreneurship.
The school adheres to the philosophy of "demand-oriented, differentiated development, and distinctive education." It firmly positions itself with a focus on "serving national strategic needs based in the Beibu Gulf, with a nationwide reach and radiating to ASEAN countries." Continuously showcasing its distinctive features of being "marine-oriented, application-focused, and international," the school is deeply committed to implementing its development strategies of "establishing quality, strengthening through talent, thriving on uniqueness, and promoting growth through science and technology." It tirelessly strides toward its grand vision of becoming a high-level, application-oriented university with distinct marine characteristics.
The school focuses on highlighting its marine-oriented educational characteristics. It diligently implements the directives and spirit of important instructions and speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping regarding the development of a "marine-oriented economy," including the "three major positioning" new missions, the "four new" overall requirements, and the "five greater" important mandates for Guangxi's development. The school strives to establish distinct marine characteristics in its education by offering a range of marine-related majors such as Marine Science, Marine Engineering, Nautical Technology, Aquaculture, Ship and Ocean Engineering, and Port, Waterway, and Coastal Engineering. It has built subject clusters with marine features, including Marine Biology and Technology, and Marine Transportation and Engineering.
As of December 2023, according to information available on the university's official website, the university library possesses a comprehensive collection of resources, including: Total library holdings: 2.847 million volumes. Printed materials: 1.978 million volumes.Electronic materials: 0.868 million volumes.Subscribed printed journals: 759 titles.Electronic journals: Over 50,000 titles.Searchable databases in both Chinese and foreign languages: 25.The library is organized into 10 separate sections, including Social Sciences Library, Natural Sciences Library, History and Literature Library, Cultural and Educational Sciences Library, Language and Linguistics Library, Fine Arts and Pictorial Library, Reference Book Library, as well as Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Reserve Libraries, and Periodicals Library.
The library's collection spans various academic disciplines, encompassing fields such as economics, law, education, literature, natural sciences, engineering, agriculture, management, and the arts, providing a wide range of resources to support academic research and learning at the university.
The university emblem features a five-pointed star, with the graphic resembling the bow of a ship breaking through the waves, and the waves splashing to the sides, resembling the playful and leaping form of the national treasure, the white dolphin. This design pays homage to the original emblem of Qinzhou College, which featured a dolphin, symbolizing the spirit of continuity. It also signifies the university's innovative characteristics as a comprehensive institution with a focus on marine-related disciplines since its transformation into a university. The emblem incorporates an image of a seabird soaring over the waves, symbolizing the university's spirit of daring to face challenges, which has become an integral part of the university's culture. The emblem's design creates a sense of forward momentum and three-dimensional space, symbolizing Beibu Gulf University's confident and towering image as it sails boldly into the vast ocean of higher education as a comprehensive university.
The spirit of the university is encapsulated in the phrase "海涵春育，鹏举南天", which can be translated and interpreted in advanced English as follows: "海涵" (Hai Han) - Embracing the Sea's Vastness: This aspect symbolizes the university's geographical location in Qinzhou, near the expansive sea. It reflects a philosophy of embracing the broad and profound characteristics of the ocean. This concept has a threefold significance: firstly, it denotes the university's physical location; secondly, it highlights its specialized disciplines related to marine studies; and thirdly, it represents the university's vision of developing the Beibu Gulf region. "春育" (Chun Yu) - Nurturing in the Spring Breeze: This phrase embodies the university's fundamental commitment to education, nurturing a new generation with the gentle and invigorating qualities of a spring breeze. It conveys the idea of education as a transformative and life-giving force. "鹏举" (Peng Ju) - Soaring of the Roc: Symbolizing the university's immense potential for growth and development, this concept likens the institution to a mythological roc spreading its wings towards the heavens. It signifies not only the university's vast future prospects but also its role in the development of Qinzhou and the Beibu Gulf, extending its influence to Southeast Asia. "南天" (Nan Tian) - Facing the Southern Skies: Originally referring to the university's southern location, this term also implies a broader regional focus, particularly on the Lingnan area. It suggests that the university's services, student base, and academic resources are all oriented towards this southern region. Overall, the spirit of the university is highlighted by its strategic location in a prime harbor, its influence extending to Southeast Asia, and its distinctive focus on nurturing individuals with the ethos of the ocean.
The essence of a university's spirit lies in its unique characteristics and its fundamental mission, while the university motto reflects the core values and principles actively embodied by the institution's administration, faculty, and students. Together, the spirit and motto of a university complement and reinforce each other in the following ways: Reflection of Unique Characteristics and Mission: The spirit of a university encapsulates its distinctive features and overarching goals. This spirit often stems from the institution's historical background, geographical location, academic strengths, and its vision for the future. It represents the ethos and identity of the university, guiding its direction and priorities. Embodiment in Daily Practice: In contrast, the university motto serves as a concise expression of the values and principles that the university community – including its administrators, educators, and students – strives to live by. It acts as a guiding beacon, shaping the behaviors, attitudes, and decisions of those who are part of the institution. Synergy and Mutual Reinforcement: The spirit and motto of a university work in tandem, with each reinforcing the other. The spirit provides the broad framework and purpose, while the motto offers a tangible and actionable expression of that spirit. In practice, the motto helps to instill and perpetuate the university's spirit within the community, ensuring that the foundational principles are not just aspirational but actively pursued and realized. Cultivating a Unique University Culture: Together, they cultivate a unique university culture, an environment that nurtures intellectual growth, moral development, and the pursuit of excellence. This culture becomes the hallmark of the university, distinguishing it from other institutions and fostering a sense of identity and pride among its members. In summary, the spirit and motto of a university are intricately linked, each playing a crucial role in defining the institution's identity, shaping its culture, and guiding the actions and aspirations of its community. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Beibu Gulf University, located in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is a full-time regular higher education institution primarily focused on engineering, natural sciences, and management. It is a jointly established university by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the State Oceanic Administration. It is also a participant in the \"Applied Undergraduate University\" project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China. Moreover, it is recognized as a base for the \"Industry-Education Integration Innovation Experiment\" by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education. Beibu Gulf University serves as a pilot institution for the comprehensive transformation and development of new undergraduate institutions in Guangxi and is one of the founding members of the National Alliance of Applied Technology Universities. The university campus is designated as a 3A-level scenic area.In 2023, the school marks its 50th anniversary since its founding and the 117th year of hosting teacher education programs.",
"title": "Beibu Gulf University"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The university's history can be traced back to the establishment of Qinzhou Area Normal School in 1973. In 1982, it was renamed Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College, and in 1985, it expanded to become Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Normal University. In 1988, Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College was renamed Qinzhou Area Education College, and in 1991, it was transformed into Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2004, Qinzhou Ethnic Normal School, originally founded in 1906 (including Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Radio and Television University), merged with Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2006, it was upgraded to Qinzhou University. In late November 2018, the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of Beibu Gulf University on the basis of Qinzhou University.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The school covers an area of 2070 acres with approximately 700,000 square meters of building space. It boasts teaching, scientific research, and practice equipment valued at 486 million yuan, 1.98 million volumes of printed books, and 860,000 electronic books. The staff includes about 1,400 members, with 318 holding doctorates and nearly 500 with senior professional titles. The total full-time student body is about 22,500, including 436 master's students and over 300 international students. The institution comprises 19 academic units: the College of Marine Science, Maritime College, College of Mechanical, Shipbuilding & Ocean Engineering, College of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Food Engineering, College of Electronics & Information Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, College of Resources & Environment, College of Science, College of Economics & Management, College of Humanities, College of International Education & Foreign Languages, College of Ceramics & Design, College of Education, College of Marxism, College of Physical Education, Beibu Gulf University-East Michigan Joint College of Engineering, College of Continuing Education, and College of Innovation & Entrepreneurship.",
"title": "School Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The school adheres to the philosophy of \"demand-oriented, differentiated development, and distinctive education.\" It firmly positions itself with a focus on \"serving national strategic needs based in the Beibu Gulf, with a nationwide reach and radiating to ASEAN countries.\" Continuously showcasing its distinctive features of being \"marine-oriented, application-focused, and international,\" the school is deeply committed to implementing its development strategies of \"establishing quality, strengthening through talent, thriving on uniqueness, and promoting growth through science and technology.\" It tirelessly strides toward its grand vision of becoming a high-level, application-oriented university with distinct marine characteristics.",
"title": "Educational Positioning"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The school focuses on highlighting its marine-oriented educational characteristics. It diligently implements the directives and spirit of important instructions and speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping regarding the development of a \"marine-oriented economy,\" including the \"three major positioning\" new missions, the \"four new\" overall requirements, and the \"five greater\" important mandates for Guangxi's development. The school strives to establish distinct marine characteristics in its education by offering a range of marine-related majors such as Marine Science, Marine Engineering, Nautical Technology, Aquaculture, Ship and Ocean Engineering, and Port, Waterway, and Coastal Engineering. It has built subject clusters with marine features, including Marine Biology and Technology, and Marine Transportation and Engineering.",
"title": "Educational Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As of December 2023, according to information available on the university's official website, the university library possesses a comprehensive collection of resources, including: Total library holdings: 2.847 million volumes. Printed materials: 1.978 million volumes.Electronic materials: 0.868 million volumes.Subscribed printed journals: 759 titles.Electronic journals: Over 50,000 titles.Searchable databases in both Chinese and foreign languages: 25.The library is organized into 10 separate sections, including Social Sciences Library, Natural Sciences Library, History and Literature Library, Cultural and Educational Sciences Library, Language and Linguistics Library, Fine Arts and Pictorial Library, Reference Book Library, as well as Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Reserve Libraries, and Periodicals Library.",
"title": "Resource"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The library's collection spans various academic disciplines, encompassing fields such as economics, law, education, literature, natural sciences, engineering, agriculture, management, and the arts, providing a wide range of resources to support academic research and learning at the university.",
"title": "Resource"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The university emblem features a five-pointed star, with the graphic resembling the bow of a ship breaking through the waves, and the waves splashing to the sides, resembling the playful and leaping form of the national treasure, the white dolphin. This design pays homage to the original emblem of Qinzhou College, which featured a dolphin, symbolizing the spirit of continuity. It also signifies the university's innovative characteristics as a comprehensive institution with a focus on marine-related disciplines since its transformation into a university. The emblem incorporates an image of a seabird soaring over the waves, symbolizing the university's spirit of daring to face challenges, which has become an integral part of the university's culture. The emblem's design creates a sense of forward momentum and three-dimensional space, symbolizing Beibu Gulf University's confident and towering image as it sails boldly into the vast ocean of higher education as a comprehensive university.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The spirit of the university is encapsulated in the phrase \"海涵春育，鹏举南天\", which can be translated and interpreted in advanced English as follows: \"海涵\" (Hai Han) - Embracing the Sea's Vastness: This aspect symbolizes the university's geographical location in Qinzhou, near the expansive sea. It reflects a philosophy of embracing the broad and profound characteristics of the ocean. This concept has a threefold significance: firstly, it denotes the university's physical location; secondly, it highlights its specialized disciplines related to marine studies; and thirdly, it represents the university's vision of developing the Beibu Gulf region. \"春育\" (Chun Yu) - Nurturing in the Spring Breeze: This phrase embodies the university's fundamental commitment to education, nurturing a new generation with the gentle and invigorating qualities of a spring breeze. It conveys the idea of education as a transformative and life-giving force. \"鹏举\" (Peng Ju) - Soaring of the Roc: Symbolizing the university's immense potential for growth and development, this concept likens the institution to a mythological roc spreading its wings towards the heavens. It signifies not only the university's vast future prospects but also its role in the development of Qinzhou and the Beibu Gulf, extending its influence to Southeast Asia. \"南天\" (Nan Tian) - Facing the Southern Skies: Originally referring to the university's southern location, this term also implies a broader regional focus, particularly on the Lingnan area. It suggests that the university's services, student base, and academic resources are all oriented towards this southern region. Overall, the spirit of the university is highlighted by its strategic location in a prime harbor, its influence extending to Southeast Asia, and its distinctive focus on nurturing individuals with the ethos of the ocean.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The essence of a university's spirit lies in its unique characteristics and its fundamental mission, while the university motto reflects the core values and principles actively embodied by the institution's administration, faculty, and students. Together, the spirit and motto of a university complement and reinforce each other in the following ways: Reflection of Unique Characteristics and Mission: The spirit of a university encapsulates its distinctive features and overarching goals. This spirit often stems from the institution's historical background, geographical location, academic strengths, and its vision for the future. It represents the ethos and identity of the university, guiding its direction and priorities. Embodiment in Daily Practice: In contrast, the university motto serves as a concise expression of the values and principles that the university community – including its administrators, educators, and students – strives to live by. It acts as a guiding beacon, shaping the behaviors, attitudes, and decisions of those who are part of the institution. Synergy and Mutual Reinforcement: The spirit and motto of a university work in tandem, with each reinforcing the other. The spirit provides the broad framework and purpose, while the motto offers a tangible and actionable expression of that spirit. In practice, the motto helps to instill and perpetuate the university's spirit within the community, ensuring that the foundational principles are not just aspirational but actively pursued and realized. Cultivating a Unique University Culture: Together, they cultivate a unique university culture, an environment that nurtures intellectual growth, moral development, and the pursuit of excellence. This culture becomes the hallmark of the university, distinguishing it from other institutions and fostering a sense of identity and pride among its members. In summary, the spirit and motto of a university are intricately linked, each playing a crucial role in defining the institution's identity, shaping its culture, and guiding the actions and aspirations of its community.",
"title": "Culture"
}
] | 2023-12-07T03:01:22Z | 2023-12-07T03:56:04Z | [
"User:Xieyuping",
"Template:Infobox university"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beibu-Gulf-University |
|
75,504,754 | Beibu Gulf University | Beibu Gulf University is a university in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is a full-time regular higher education institution primarily focused on engineering, natural sciences, and management. It is a jointly established university by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the State Oceanic Administration. It is also a participant in the "Applied Undergraduate University" project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China. Moreover, it is recognized as a base for the "Industry-Education Integration Innovation Experiment" by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education. Beibu Gulf University serves as a pilot institution for the comprehensive transformation and development of new undergraduate institutions in Guangxi and is one of the founding members of the National Alliance of Applied Technology Universities. The university campus is designated as a 3A-level scenic area. In 2023, the school marks its 50th anniversary since its founding and the 117th year of hosting teacher education programs.
The university's history can be traced back to the establishment of Qinzhou Area Normal School in 1973. In 1982, it was renamed Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College, and in 1985, it expanded to become Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Normal University. In 1988, Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College was renamed Qinzhou Area Education College, and in 1991, it was transformed into Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2004, Qinzhou Ethnic Normal School, originally founded in 1906 (including Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Radio and Television University), merged with Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2006, it was upgraded to Qinzhou University. In late November 2018, the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of Beibu Gulf University on the basis of Qinzhou University.
The school covers an area of 2070 acres with approximately 700,000 square meters of building space. The staff includes about 1,400 members. The total full-time student body is about 22,500, including 436 master's students and over 300 international students. The institution comprises 19 academic units: the College of Marine Science, Maritime College, College of Mechanical, Shipbuilding & Ocean Engineering, College of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Food Engineering, College of Electronics & Information Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, College of Resources & Environment, College of Science, College of Economics & Management, College of Humanities, College of International Education & Foreign Languages, College of Ceramics & Design, College of Education, College of Marxism, College of Physical Education, Beibu Gulf University-East Michigan Joint College of Engineering, College of Continuing Education, and College of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Beibu Gulf University is a university in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is a full-time regular higher education institution primarily focused on engineering, natural sciences, and management. It is a jointly established university by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the State Oceanic Administration. It is also a participant in the \"Applied Undergraduate University\" project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China. Moreover, it is recognized as a base for the \"Industry-Education Integration Innovation Experiment\" by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education. Beibu Gulf University serves as a pilot institution for the comprehensive transformation and development of new undergraduate institutions in Guangxi and is one of the founding members of the National Alliance of Applied Technology Universities. The university campus is designated as a 3A-level scenic area. In 2023, the school marks its 50th anniversary since its founding and the 117th year of hosting teacher education programs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The university's history can be traced back to the establishment of Qinzhou Area Normal School in 1973. In 1982, it was renamed Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College, and in 1985, it expanded to become Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Normal University. In 1988, Qinzhou Area Teacher Training College was renamed Qinzhou Area Education College, and in 1991, it was transformed into Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2004, Qinzhou Ethnic Normal School, originally founded in 1906 (including Qinzhou Branch of Guangxi Radio and Television University), merged with Qinzhou Normal Higher Vocational School. In 2006, it was upgraded to Qinzhou University. In late November 2018, the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of Beibu Gulf University on the basis of Qinzhou University.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The school covers an area of 2070 acres with approximately 700,000 square meters of building space. The staff includes about 1,400 members. The total full-time student body is about 22,500, including 436 master's students and over 300 international students. The institution comprises 19 academic units: the College of Marine Science, Maritime College, College of Mechanical, Shipbuilding & Ocean Engineering, College of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Food Engineering, College of Electronics & Information Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, College of Resources & Environment, College of Science, College of Economics & Management, College of Humanities, College of International Education & Foreign Languages, College of Ceramics & Design, College of Education, College of Marxism, College of Physical Education, Beibu Gulf University-East Michigan Joint College of Engineering, College of Continuing Education, and College of Innovation & Entrepreneurship.",
"title": "Overview"
}
] | Beibu Gulf University is a university in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is a full-time regular higher education institution primarily focused on engineering, natural sciences, and management. It is a jointly established university by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the State Oceanic Administration. It is also a participant in the "Applied Undergraduate University" project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China. Moreover, it is recognized as a base for the "Industry-Education Integration Innovation Experiment" by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education. Beibu Gulf University serves as a pilot institution for the comprehensive transformation and development of new undergraduate institutions in Guangxi and is one of the founding members of the National Alliance of Applied Technology Universities. The university campus is designated as a 3A-level scenic area. In 2023, the school marks its 50th anniversary since its founding and the 117th year of hosting teacher education programs. | 2023-12-07T03:10:25Z | 2023-12-09T05:46:45Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Primary sources",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox university",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beibu_Gulf_University |
75,504,801 | Receptor degrader | A receptor degrader binds to a receptor and induces its breakdown, causing down-regulation of signaling of that receptor. It is distinct from the mechanism of action of receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, which reduce receptor signaling but do not cause receptor breakdown. Examples include selective estrogen receptor degraders and androgen receptor degraders, both developed for hormone-sensitive cancers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A receptor degrader binds to a receptor and induces its breakdown, causing down-regulation of signaling of that receptor. It is distinct from the mechanism of action of receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, which reduce receptor signaling but do not cause receptor breakdown. Examples include selective estrogen receptor degraders and androgen receptor degraders, both developed for hormone-sensitive cancers.",
"title": ""
}
] | A receptor degrader binds to a receptor and induces its breakdown, causing down-regulation of signaling of that receptor. It is distinct from the mechanism of action of receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, which reduce receptor signaling but do not cause receptor breakdown. Examples include selective estrogen receptor degraders and androgen receptor degraders, both developed for hormone-sensitive cancers. | 2023-12-07T03:21:47Z | 2023-12-11T03:00:16Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_degrader |
75,504,804 | 2005 Tongan public service strike | The 2005 Tongan public service strike was a campaign protest against the Tongan government's decision to refuse negotiations for a bigger salary increase for civil service workers. Leading up to the strike, the Tongan government's decision to downsize the civil service, new taxes, the royal family's disregard for calls for democracy, and inflation contributed to civil strife. The Crown Prince voted to give himself a high salary. Within months, demonstrations began and culminated with Tonga’s biggest march ever, as 10,000 protested the shoreline company.
The Tongan strikers were informed by parliament of the need to collaborate with department heads for a solution. One of the leaders of the Public Servants Association (PSA) made the executive decision to bring up labor grievances directly with the Tongan government. During the strike, the Public Service Association was founded, with an emphasis on a nonviolent movement protest, although it wasn’t officially a union.
Refusal by the Tongan government in 2005 to negotiate a bigger salary increase for civil service workers caused the PSA to send civil service workers on strike on July 25. The six-week-long strike resulted in salary increases ranging from 60–80%. The strike has orators making speeches about the royal family.
On July 22, 2005, 40% of the country's civil service workers, or about 2,000 people, went on strike. Over a thousand public servants rallied in Nuku’alofa, the capital city of Tonga, as organized by the PSA. Strikers began to meet daily at a park located near the parliament building called Pangai Si’I. The government ministries had to close down, with the Ministry of Labour only having two people show up to work that day. Public school teachers also joined the strike, with over 1,400 supporting the civil servants. After two days, all primary and secondary schools in the country shut down early for the August holidays.
On July 25, 2,000 striking public servants were made as they rallied at Queen Salote Hall and then continued on to the parliament building, where they displayed their letter of petition to the Speaker of the House, which demanded pay increases ranging from 60–80%. The Speaker of the House stated that the petition would be examined by Parliament, but no immediate action was taken.
On August 4, a negotiation offered pay raises of 10–20%, to which the PSA rejected the committee's offer. The PSA then planned a march on King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV, which would be led by “The People’s Prince” Tu’ipelehake on August 8.
On August 12, the cabinet had police stop protestors from demonstrating at Pangai Si’I, but the Land Court overturned the order on August 13, and Chief Justice Webster ordered that the government not remove civilians from public spaces. King Tupou joined more than 5,000 people on August 15 in Teufavia Stadium to pray for a resolution to the strike.
On August 17, students took some of the only militant actions of the strike as they threatened to burn government buildings, actually burned cars owned by the government, and ransacked Tonga College in response to authorities not taking action. It was also done in protest of the dismissal of the school’s principal and other senior faculty after they supported the strike, who they demanded be given their positions back.
In late August, Tongan Parliament suggested to the government that the PSA’s demands be granted, but the cabinet did not approve.
Negotiations occurred twice more, with the first utilizing a judge from New Zealand as a mediator and ending only after three days when the PSA stated they would strike until their demands were met. On September 1, the Prime Minister, the Princess Regent, and the cabinet joined strikers at Pangai Si’I.
Many of the PSA leaders saw the strike as an opportunity to address the systemic issues found within the representative government of Tonga, specifically the potential of allowing, creating, and developing trade unions for Tongan workers. The Deputy Chairman of the strike committee for the PSA, Malio Takai, mentioned that the strike made it hard to not engage in dialogue about the political structures the government had not changed since 1875.
A further expansion of strike demands was made, with new calls for the resignation of the King’s Cabinet as well as the opportunity to vote for a democratically elected parliament. After a few months of back and forth between PSA demands and Parliament’s counter-offers, on September 3, the Tongan government agreed upon the PSA’s original demand for a 60–80% wage increase for workers, no disciplinary actions against individuals who participated in the strike, as well as a suspension of salary reviews. The government also offered the chance for Tongan workers and the PSA to negotiate further if they were not satisfied with the offer. The PSA agreed upon the full terms and conditions and offered to immediately return to work on September 5, 2005. The day before they were scheduled to return to work, September 4, Tonga’s political cabinet made a series of pledges, these includes a pledge to consider allowing the establishment and development of unions, a pledge to consider the establishment of a royal commission to review the Constitution of 1875 and update its terms, as well as a pledge to find ways to make the country more democratic.
The strike also caused New Zealand to pressure Tonga to make democratic reforms as the cabinet had promised. The government then aimed to become a constitutional monarchy and planned a more representative election in 2010. Tonga, at that time, is a constitutional monarchy under King Tupou V.
Georges Benguigui, a French sociologist and member of the French National Centre for Scientific Research, stated that the 2005 Public Service Strike in Tonga was a possible “trigger” event for the Nukuʻalofa riots that occurred in 2006, where eight people died. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2005 Tongan public service strike was a campaign protest against the Tongan government's decision to refuse negotiations for a bigger salary increase for civil service workers. Leading up to the strike, the Tongan government's decision to downsize the civil service, new taxes, the royal family's disregard for calls for democracy, and inflation contributed to civil strife. The Crown Prince voted to give himself a high salary. Within months, demonstrations began and culminated with Tonga’s biggest march ever, as 10,000 protested the shoreline company.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The Tongan strikers were informed by parliament of the need to collaborate with department heads for a solution. One of the leaders of the Public Servants Association (PSA) made the executive decision to bring up labor grievances directly with the Tongan government. During the strike, the Public Service Association was founded, with an emphasis on a nonviolent movement protest, although it wasn’t officially a union.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Refusal by the Tongan government in 2005 to negotiate a bigger salary increase for civil service workers caused the PSA to send civil service workers on strike on July 25. The six-week-long strike resulted in salary increases ranging from 60–80%. The strike has orators making speeches about the royal family.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On July 22, 2005, 40% of the country's civil service workers, or about 2,000 people, went on strike. Over a thousand public servants rallied in Nuku’alofa, the capital city of Tonga, as organized by the PSA. Strikers began to meet daily at a park located near the parliament building called Pangai Si’I. The government ministries had to close down, with the Ministry of Labour only having two people show up to work that day. Public school teachers also joined the strike, with over 1,400 supporting the civil servants. After two days, all primary and secondary schools in the country shut down early for the August holidays.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On July 25, 2,000 striking public servants were made as they rallied at Queen Salote Hall and then continued on to the parliament building, where they displayed their letter of petition to the Speaker of the House, which demanded pay increases ranging from 60–80%. The Speaker of the House stated that the petition would be examined by Parliament, but no immediate action was taken.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On August 4, a negotiation offered pay raises of 10–20%, to which the PSA rejected the committee's offer. The PSA then planned a march on King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV, which would be led by “The People’s Prince” Tu’ipelehake on August 8.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On August 12, the cabinet had police stop protestors from demonstrating at Pangai Si’I, but the Land Court overturned the order on August 13, and Chief Justice Webster ordered that the government not remove civilians from public spaces. King Tupou joined more than 5,000 people on August 15 in Teufavia Stadium to pray for a resolution to the strike.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On August 17, students took some of the only militant actions of the strike as they threatened to burn government buildings, actually burned cars owned by the government, and ransacked Tonga College in response to authorities not taking action. It was also done in protest of the dismissal of the school’s principal and other senior faculty after they supported the strike, who they demanded be given their positions back.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In late August, Tongan Parliament suggested to the government that the PSA’s demands be granted, but the cabinet did not approve.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Negotiations occurred twice more, with the first utilizing a judge from New Zealand as a mediator and ending only after three days when the PSA stated they would strike until their demands were met. On September 1, the Prime Minister, the Princess Regent, and the cabinet joined strikers at Pangai Si’I.",
"title": "Strike"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Many of the PSA leaders saw the strike as an opportunity to address the systemic issues found within the representative government of Tonga, specifically the potential of allowing, creating, and developing trade unions for Tongan workers. The Deputy Chairman of the strike committee for the PSA, Malio Takai, mentioned that the strike made it hard to not engage in dialogue about the political structures the government had not changed since 1875.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A further expansion of strike demands was made, with new calls for the resignation of the King’s Cabinet as well as the opportunity to vote for a democratically elected parliament. After a few months of back and forth between PSA demands and Parliament’s counter-offers, on September 3, the Tongan government agreed upon the PSA’s original demand for a 60–80% wage increase for workers, no disciplinary actions against individuals who participated in the strike, as well as a suspension of salary reviews. The government also offered the chance for Tongan workers and the PSA to negotiate further if they were not satisfied with the offer. The PSA agreed upon the full terms and conditions and offered to immediately return to work on September 5, 2005. The day before they were scheduled to return to work, September 4, Tonga’s political cabinet made a series of pledges, these includes a pledge to consider allowing the establishment and development of unions, a pledge to consider the establishment of a royal commission to review the Constitution of 1875 and update its terms, as well as a pledge to find ways to make the country more democratic.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The strike also caused New Zealand to pressure Tonga to make democratic reforms as the cabinet had promised. The government then aimed to become a constitutional monarchy and planned a more representative election in 2010. Tonga, at that time, is a constitutional monarchy under King Tupou V.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Georges Benguigui, a French sociologist and member of the French National Centre for Scientific Research, stated that the 2005 Public Service Strike in Tonga was a possible “trigger” event for the Nukuʻalofa riots that occurred in 2006, where eight people died.",
"title": "Outcome"
}
] | The 2005 Tongan public service strike was a campaign protest against the Tongan government's decision to refuse negotiations for a bigger salary increase for civil service workers. Leading up to the strike, the Tongan government's decision to downsize the civil service, new taxes, the royal family's disregard for calls for democracy, and inflation contributed to civil strife. The Crown Prince voted to give himself a high salary. Within months, demonstrations began and culminated with Tonga’s biggest march ever, as 10,000 protested the shoreline company. The Tongan strikers were informed by parliament of the need to collaborate with department heads for a solution. One of the leaders of the Public Servants Association (PSA) made the executive decision to bring up labor grievances directly with the Tongan government. During the strike, the Public Service Association was founded, with an emphasis on a nonviolent movement protest, although it wasn’t officially a union. Refusal by the Tongan government in 2005 to negotiate a bigger salary increase for civil service workers caused the PSA to send civil service workers on strike on July 25. The six-week-long strike resulted in salary increases ranging from 60–80%. The strike has orators making speeches about the royal family. | 2023-12-07T03:22:10Z | 2023-12-24T22:54:13Z | [
"Template:Prose",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Tongan_public_service_strike |
75,504,821 | Geraldo Júnior | Geraldo Alves Ferreira Júnior (born 7 May 1969) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician who has been the vice-governor of the state of Bahia since 2023, with Jerônimo Rodrigues as governor. He is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). They were elected in 2022 with 4,480,464 votes, or 52.79% percent of the vote. He previously was a councilman for the city of Salvador from 2013 to 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Geraldo Alves Ferreira Júnior (born 7 May 1969) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician who has been the vice-governor of the state of Bahia since 2023, with Jerônimo Rodrigues as governor. He is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). They were elected in 2022 with 4,480,464 votes, or 52.79% percent of the vote. He previously was a councilman for the city of Salvador from 2013 to 2023.",
"title": ""
}
] | Geraldo Alves Ferreira Júnior is a Brazilian lawyer and politician who has been the vice-governor of the state of Bahia since 2023, with Jerônimo Rodrigues as governor. He is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). They were elected in 2022 with 4,480,464 votes, or 52.79% percent of the vote. He previously was a councilman for the city of Salvador from 2013 to 2023. | 2023-12-07T03:28:42Z | 2023-12-07T16:27:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldo_J%C3%BAnior |
75,504,836 | Cop slide | "Cop slide" refers to an internet meme and phenomenon caused by a video of a police officer tumbling down a childrens' slide in the playground of Boston City Hall Plaza. The video became viral on TikTok in August 2023, causing an influx of visitors using the slide and prompting enforcement of restrictions on its use by the city, as well as scientific analysis of the initial incident.
The slide was situated in the $95 million plaza outside Boston City Hall designed by architecture firm Sasaki. The city struggled to attract the public to the area prior to the incident. The slide itself was installed in November 2022 as part of a $70 million renovation, and was intended for children between the ages of 5 and 12 and was labeled as such. Adults had been using the slide since its installation, with one woman sending a letter of complaint to the city after sustaining a "baseball" sized injury on her head but being dismissed when officials determined the city was not liable.
On an undetermined date in the summer of 2023, a Boston police officer slid down the slide and was filmed emerging from the end of the slide at speed. He sustained a minor head injury and was treated by Boston Emergency Medical Services using his own medical insurance. He did not miss work time nor face any disciplinary action.
The video of the incident was originally posted by Twitter user @ryanwhitney6 on August 2; it was later taken down but was recirculated by various other accounts on the site. It then became viral on TikTok. Visits to the site increased significantly, with many adults using the slide. On August 3, one Twitter user claimed there was "a 45-minute wait to use the cop slide," a claim repeated by multiple media outlets. The city received several complaints of injuries. News of the video was reported by major outlets including CNN, HuffPost, CBS News, the New York Post, the Daily Mail, NBC News, and The Independent. The slide was labeled "Cop Slide" on Google Maps as a "tourist attraction"; the listing was later taken down. In October the video was featured on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in its first episode following the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike.
On August 8, Mayor of Boston Michelle Wu stated that "we want all of our public spaces to be beloved and if it looks like we need to make sure that there’s more signage that this is for children or something, we can do that too"
On the night of August 10, it was noticed by a Tumblr user that barricades had been placed by Boston property management department to block off the slide, as well as two smaller slides next to it, and that the site was being patrolled by "people who hate fun". A spokesperson for Wu later stated that the attention received by adult visitors to the slide at night had made the barriers necessary as a temporary measure, and that the barriers were no longer used at night. On August 24, a journalist for Wbur tried the slide and noted that he was "the only childless adult on the premises" and that "the kids have reclaimed their playscape."
Social media users and news outlets noted that some slide users were able to use the slide normally, while other users including the police officer ended up upside down. Several theories formed as to why this took place, with media outlets such as HuffPost and Slate recruiting biomechanists and physicists including Rhett Allain to determine the reason. Theories that the difference depended on the weight of the user were contradicted by the fact that despite greater mass leading to greater gravitational force, objects with greater mass speed up more slowly than lighter objects.
Some scientists instead argued that the police officer's fast descent was caused by the low ratio of friction between his synthetic fabric uniform and the metal of the slide, as well as its curved design which one injury biomechanics expert said could cause passengers to swoop up its side, similar to the movement of a luge. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Cop slide\" refers to an internet meme and phenomenon caused by a video of a police officer tumbling down a childrens' slide in the playground of Boston City Hall Plaza. The video became viral on TikTok in August 2023, causing an influx of visitors using the slide and prompting enforcement of restrictions on its use by the city, as well as scientific analysis of the initial incident.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The slide was situated in the $95 million plaza outside Boston City Hall designed by architecture firm Sasaki. The city struggled to attract the public to the area prior to the incident. The slide itself was installed in November 2022 as part of a $70 million renovation, and was intended for children between the ages of 5 and 12 and was labeled as such. Adults had been using the slide since its installation, with one woman sending a letter of complaint to the city after sustaining a \"baseball\" sized injury on her head but being dismissed when officials determined the city was not liable.",
"title": "Before the incident"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On an undetermined date in the summer of 2023, a Boston police officer slid down the slide and was filmed emerging from the end of the slide at speed. He sustained a minor head injury and was treated by Boston Emergency Medical Services using his own medical insurance. He did not miss work time nor face any disciplinary action.",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The video of the incident was originally posted by Twitter user @ryanwhitney6 on August 2; it was later taken down but was recirculated by various other accounts on the site. It then became viral on TikTok. Visits to the site increased significantly, with many adults using the slide. On August 3, one Twitter user claimed there was \"a 45-minute wait to use the cop slide,\" a claim repeated by multiple media outlets. The city received several complaints of injuries. News of the video was reported by major outlets including CNN, HuffPost, CBS News, the New York Post, the Daily Mail, NBC News, and The Independent. The slide was labeled \"Cop Slide\" on Google Maps as a \"tourist attraction\"; the listing was later taken down. In October the video was featured on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in its first episode following the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike.",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On August 8, Mayor of Boston Michelle Wu stated that \"we want all of our public spaces to be beloved and if it looks like we need to make sure that there’s more signage that this is for children or something, we can do that too\"",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On the night of August 10, it was noticed by a Tumblr user that barricades had been placed by Boston property management department to block off the slide, as well as two smaller slides next to it, and that the site was being patrolled by \"people who hate fun\". A spokesperson for Wu later stated that the attention received by adult visitors to the slide at night had made the barriers necessary as a temporary measure, and that the barriers were no longer used at night. On August 24, a journalist for Wbur tried the slide and noted that he was \"the only childless adult on the premises\" and that \"the kids have reclaimed their playscape.\"",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Social media users and news outlets noted that some slide users were able to use the slide normally, while other users including the police officer ended up upside down. Several theories formed as to why this took place, with media outlets such as HuffPost and Slate recruiting biomechanists and physicists including Rhett Allain to determine the reason. Theories that the difference depended on the weight of the user were contradicted by the fact that despite greater mass leading to greater gravitational force, objects with greater mass speed up more slowly than lighter objects.",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Some scientists instead argued that the police officer's fast descent was caused by the low ratio of friction between his synthetic fabric uniform and the metal of the slide, as well as its curved design which one injury biomechanics expert said could cause passengers to swoop up its side, similar to the movement of a luge.",
"title": "\"Cop slide\" meme"
}
] | "Cop slide" refers to an internet meme and phenomenon caused by a video of a police officer tumbling down a childrens' slide in the playground of Boston City Hall Plaza. The video became viral on TikTok in August 2023, causing an influx of visitors using the slide and prompting enforcement of restrictions on its use by the city, as well as scientific analysis of the initial incident. | 2023-12-07T03:31:38Z | 2023-12-22T08:24:25Z | [
"Template:Notability",
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"Template:Cite news",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop_slide |
75,504,841 | Lynette Syme | Lynette "Lyn" Syme (1948-2019) was an Australian political and labor activist, feminist and aboriginal land-rights advocate, recognized in her later years as a Wiradjuri elder of the Dabee people (North-East Wiradjuri) in what is current-day New South Wales.
Born 25 April 1948, Lyn was the third and youngest daughter born to Kathleen Elsie Stringer and Walter William Stephen Booth, whose great grandmother, Rose Lambert, had been a full-blooded Wiradjuri woman of the Dabee people. The couple divorced in 1950, with Lyn's mother retaining custody of the children.
Following her divorce, in 1952 Lyn's mother married Dominic (Don) Syme, a fellow member of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and the owner of a poultry farm in Moorebank, southwest of Sydney. Dominic adopted Lyn and her older twin sisters, Robyn and Wendy; Lyn would also have two half-sisters, Nell and Nolene, born to Dominic and Kathleen. Lyn and her sisters grew up on the Syme family farm in Moorebank and in nearby Liverpool.
Lyn's parents were both prominent CPA members in New South Wales in the 1950s. In the 1960s and 1970s, they opposed the Vietnam war, with her father regularly making anti-war speeches at "Speakers Corner" in Liverpool. Both parents were also committed feminists, conservationists and supporters of Aboriginal land rights.
Lyn became a member of the Communist Youth Movement and would represent the organization in broad-front activities, including rallies against Australian involvement in the Vietnam War and in support of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG).
After the CPA adopted a policy of support for Women’s Liberation and for other protest groups in 1972, Lyn and her sister Wendy were among a group of young left-wing feminist activists who joined the NSW chapter of the Builders Labourers Federation (NSWBLF), becoming trailblazers in the fight to gain acceptance for women working on construction sites in Australia.
In 1974, she became an organizer for the union. Active in NSWBLF's "Green Bans" campaigns against development projects seen as harmful to neighborhoods and natural environment, Lyn was arrested with another NSWBLF woman and four others in a protest on April 5th,1974 at the home of property developer F.W. Theeman, whose project at Victoria Street, Potts Point, was on the union's green ban list at the time.
Also active in Sydney's Women's Liberation Movement, Lyn was in the front line of a contingent of NSWBLF women who on March 8, 1974 conspicuously participated in the 1974 International Women's Day celebration in Sydney, marching behind a hand-made banner proclaiming their presence and showing support for women's rights.
She also was one of six women staffers who resigned from leading abortion services provider Population Services International (Australasia) Ltd in December 1976 to protest substandard conditions for patients and poor working conditions for staff at PSI's Potts Point and Arncliffe clinics. She and six other feminists subsequently submitted "whistleblower" testimony in a June 1977 closed-door session of the Royal Commission on Human Relationships meeting in Canberra and published and distributed a pamphlet detailing the adverse conditions for women seeking pregnancy terminations at the PSI clinics.
As a result of her Wiradjuri ancestry, Lynn was accepted as a member of the Dabee people inhabiting the area centered on the small town of Kandos, formerly a company town built in the early 20th century around the now-defunct NSW Cement Lime and Coal Company, about 230 km northwest of Sydney.
Her involvement with Aboriginal culture projects dates to July 1974, when the leadership and members of the NSWBLF builders' union collaborated in the opening in the Sydney suburb of Redfern of the Black Theatre Aboriginal Arts and Culture Centre. She later became associated with the Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-operative, founded in 1984 by 10 urban aboriginal artists in Redfern, and contributed an essay on the Boomali co-operative to The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture.
In 2015, Syme co-organised the Dabee Aboriginal Travelling Exhibition, inaugurated in Kandos with support from the North East Wiradjuri Company and Kandos Historical Society, with additional exhibition openings at locations across NSW. Initially funded by initially by a native title agreement with Moolarben Coal's cultural activities fund, the Dabee exhibition was subsequently financed with matching funds from the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage.
Much of Syme's work in the Kandos area centered on Aboriginal land rights and assessments of the impact of mining operations on the local environment and aboriginal lands and associated cultural patrimony.
Lyn and her life partner, Wiradjuri elder Kevin Williams, have been cited in innumerable reports on the impact of Australian and multinational mining operations in the area corresponding to historical Dabee and Wiradjuri ancestral lands, as well as issues centered on native title and land rights in relation to traveling stock routes through the Central Tablelands of NSW.
The pair were also driving forces behind the Futurelands initiative, to foment innovative conversations about human relationships to the land among NSW farmers, indigenous historians and land custodians, agronomists, economists, writers and artists.
Lyn was also involved in negotiating one of the first-ever agreements by a non-native owner of lands in New South Wales to voluntarily sign over land title to the traditional owners, in a unique treaty that was hoped to serve as a template for future accords with original First Nation communities in Australia.
Lyn Syme died in Kandos, NSW, in October 2019. The Aunty Lyn Syme Memorial and Dabee Art Exhibition opened the Aboriginal Cultural Centre in Kandos on Thursday 21st November, 2019. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lynette \"Lyn\" Syme (1948-2019) was an Australian political and labor activist, feminist and aboriginal land-rights advocate, recognized in her later years as a Wiradjuri elder of the Dabee people (North-East Wiradjuri) in what is current-day New South Wales.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born 25 April 1948, Lyn was the third and youngest daughter born to Kathleen Elsie Stringer and Walter William Stephen Booth, whose great grandmother, Rose Lambert, had been a full-blooded Wiradjuri woman of the Dabee people. The couple divorced in 1950, with Lyn's mother retaining custody of the children.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Following her divorce, in 1952 Lyn's mother married Dominic (Don) Syme, a fellow member of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and the owner of a poultry farm in Moorebank, southwest of Sydney. Dominic adopted Lyn and her older twin sisters, Robyn and Wendy; Lyn would also have two half-sisters, Nell and Nolene, born to Dominic and Kathleen. Lyn and her sisters grew up on the Syme family farm in Moorebank and in nearby Liverpool.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Lyn's parents were both prominent CPA members in New South Wales in the 1950s. In the 1960s and 1970s, they opposed the Vietnam war, with her father regularly making anti-war speeches at \"Speakers Corner\" in Liverpool. Both parents were also committed feminists, conservationists and supporters of Aboriginal land rights.",
"title": "Political activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Lyn became a member of the Communist Youth Movement and would represent the organization in broad-front activities, including rallies against Australian involvement in the Vietnam War and in support of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG).",
"title": "Political activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After the CPA adopted a policy of support for Women’s Liberation and for other protest groups in 1972, Lyn and her sister Wendy were among a group of young left-wing feminist activists who joined the NSW chapter of the Builders Labourers Federation (NSWBLF), becoming trailblazers in the fight to gain acceptance for women working on construction sites in Australia.",
"title": "Builder Labourers Federation (NSWBLF)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1974, she became an organizer for the union. Active in NSWBLF's \"Green Bans\" campaigns against development projects seen as harmful to neighborhoods and natural environment, Lyn was arrested with another NSWBLF woman and four others in a protest on April 5th,1974 at the home of property developer F.W. Theeman, whose project at Victoria Street, Potts Point, was on the union's green ban list at the time.",
"title": "Builder Labourers Federation (NSWBLF)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Also active in Sydney's Women's Liberation Movement, Lyn was in the front line of a contingent of NSWBLF women who on March 8, 1974 conspicuously participated in the 1974 International Women's Day celebration in Sydney, marching behind a hand-made banner proclaiming their presence and showing support for women's rights.",
"title": "Women's movement"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "She also was one of six women staffers who resigned from leading abortion services provider Population Services International (Australasia) Ltd in December 1976 to protest substandard conditions for patients and poor working conditions for staff at PSI's Potts Point and Arncliffe clinics. She and six other feminists subsequently submitted \"whistleblower\" testimony in a June 1977 closed-door session of the Royal Commission on Human Relationships meeting in Canberra and published and distributed a pamphlet detailing the adverse conditions for women seeking pregnancy terminations at the PSI clinics.",
"title": "Women's movement"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "As a result of her Wiradjuri ancestry, Lynn was accepted as a member of the Dabee people inhabiting the area centered on the small town of Kandos, formerly a company town built in the early 20th century around the now-defunct NSW Cement Lime and Coal Company, about 230 km northwest of Sydney.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Her involvement with Aboriginal culture projects dates to July 1974, when the leadership and members of the NSWBLF builders' union collaborated in the opening in the Sydney suburb of Redfern of the Black Theatre Aboriginal Arts and Culture Centre. She later became associated with the Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-operative, founded in 1984 by 10 urban aboriginal artists in Redfern, and contributed an essay on the Boomali co-operative to The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2015, Syme co-organised the Dabee Aboriginal Travelling Exhibition, inaugurated in Kandos with support from the North East Wiradjuri Company and Kandos Historical Society, with additional exhibition openings at locations across NSW. Initially funded by initially by a native title agreement with Moolarben Coal's cultural activities fund, the Dabee exhibition was subsequently financed with matching funds from the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Much of Syme's work in the Kandos area centered on Aboriginal land rights and assessments of the impact of mining operations on the local environment and aboriginal lands and associated cultural patrimony.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Lyn and her life partner, Wiradjuri elder Kevin Williams, have been cited in innumerable reports on the impact of Australian and multinational mining operations in the area corresponding to historical Dabee and Wiradjuri ancestral lands, as well as issues centered on native title and land rights in relation to traveling stock routes through the Central Tablelands of NSW.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The pair were also driving forces behind the Futurelands initiative, to foment innovative conversations about human relationships to the land among NSW farmers, indigenous historians and land custodians, agronomists, economists, writers and artists.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Lyn was also involved in negotiating one of the first-ever agreements by a non-native owner of lands in New South Wales to voluntarily sign over land title to the traditional owners, in a unique treaty that was hoped to serve as a template for future accords with original First Nation communities in Australia.",
"title": "Aboriginal culture and land rights"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Lyn Syme died in Kandos, NSW, in October 2019. The Aunty Lyn Syme Memorial and Dabee Art Exhibition opened the Aboriginal Cultural Centre in Kandos on Thursday 21st November, 2019.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Lynette "Lyn" Syme (1948-2019) was an Australian political and labor activist, feminist and aboriginal land-rights advocate, recognized in her later years as a Wiradjuri elder of the Dabee people in what is current-day New South Wales. | 2023-12-07T03:32:35Z | 2023-12-26T16:39:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynette_Syme |
75,504,874 | Josep María Comelles | Josep Maria Comelles (born 1949) is a Spanish anthropologist-physician who is Professor Emeritus in University of Rovira i Virgili.
Comelles graduated in medicine and surgery from the University of Barcelona, received Master of Science in psychiatry from Autonomous University of Barcelona and graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in anthropology. from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Josep Maria Comelles (born 1949) is a Spanish anthropologist-physician who is Professor Emeritus in University of Rovira i Virgili.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Comelles graduated in medicine and surgery from the University of Barcelona, received Master of Science in psychiatry from Autonomous University of Barcelona and graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in anthropology. from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Josep Maria Comelles is a Spanish anthropologist-physician who is Professor Emeritus in University of Rovira i Virgili. | 2023-12-07T03:42:01Z | 2023-12-20T15:31:44Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Mar%C3%ADa_Comelles |
75,504,890 | Mubarak Begum (tawaif) | Mubarak Begum, also known as Mahruttun Mubarak ul-Nissa Begum, was a Muslim tawaif and thirteenth wife of David Ochterlony, the first British Resident to the Mughal court at Delhi.
Born into a poor family, Mubarak Begum initially pursued a career as a dancing girl in Pune, before converting to Islam. Mubarak Begum was a tawaif, and had several poetry soirees, guests included renowned poet Mirza Ghalib.Sir David initially purchased her as a concubine before marrying her a few years later. Mubarak Begum is said to have held a very high influence in the court of her husband.
Reportedly Ochterlony's favourite wife, was the mother of his two youngest children, both daughters. She was known as "Generallee Begum". As such, she took clear precedence over the rest of the household.
Mubarak Begum was considered to be a devout Muslim, having once applied for leave to make the hajj to Mecca. Mubarak Begum organized musical soirees at their home, maintaining the dignity and decorum of Indian mehfils of music. She also made perfume, she could make attar at home.
Because of her love for Urdu and Persian poetry, she was a regular participant in the famed mushairas held in the courtyard of the Delhi College outside.Mughal prince Mirza Farhatullah Baig also held a poetry symposium at her home.
Although much younger than Ochterlony, Mubarak was seen as the dominant personality in the relationship. This led one observer to remark that "making Sir David the Commissioner of Delhi was the same as making Generallee Begum". Another observer remarked, "Ochterlony's mistress is the mistress now of everyone within the walls". As a result of her influence, Ochterlony considered raising his children as Muslims, and when his two daughters by Mubarak Begum had grown up, he adopted a child from the family of the Nawabs of Loharu, one of the leading Muslim families of Delhi. Raised by Mubarak, the girl went on to marry her cousin, a nephew of the famous Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib.
Mubarak even seems to have set herself up as a power in her own right, and even formed her independent foreign policy. At one point, it was reported that "Mubarak Begum, alias Generalee Begum, fills the [Delhi] papers with accounts of the Nizars and Khiluts [gifts and dresses of honor] given and taken by her in her transactions with the Vacquils [ambassadors of the different Indian powers] - an extraordinary liberty, if true."
However, despite all her power and high status, Mubarak Begum was widely unpopular among the British and the Mughals alike. She offended the British by calling herself "Lady Ochterlony" and on the other hand, also offended the Mughals by awarding herself the title "Qudsia Begum", a title previously reserved for the Emperor's mother. After Ochterlony's death, she inherited Mubarak Bagh, an Anglo-Mughal garden tomb Ochterlony had built in the north of Old Delhi, but her intense unpopularity combined with her background as a dancing girl ensured that no Mughal gentleman would use her structure. To this date, the tomb is still referred to by the local inhabitants of the old city as the "Randi ki Masjid".
David Ochterlony built a mosque in her honour, informally known as Randi ki Masjid. After the death of Mubarak Begum in 1878, the control of the mosque was taken over by the British government.Mubarak Begum Masjid is one of the three mosques to be commissioned by women in medieval India. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mubarak Begum, also known as Mahruttun Mubarak ul-Nissa Begum, was a Muslim tawaif and thirteenth wife of David Ochterlony, the first British Resident to the Mughal court at Delhi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born into a poor family, Mubarak Begum initially pursued a career as a dancing girl in Pune, before converting to Islam. Mubarak Begum was a tawaif, and had several poetry soirees, guests included renowned poet Mirza Ghalib.Sir David initially purchased her as a concubine before marrying her a few years later. Mubarak Begum is said to have held a very high influence in the court of her husband.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Reportedly Ochterlony's favourite wife, was the mother of his two youngest children, both daughters. She was known as \"Generallee Begum\". As such, she took clear precedence over the rest of the household.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Mubarak Begum was considered to be a devout Muslim, having once applied for leave to make the hajj to Mecca. Mubarak Begum organized musical soirees at their home, maintaining the dignity and decorum of Indian mehfils of music. She also made perfume, she could make attar at home.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Because of her love for Urdu and Persian poetry, she was a regular participant in the famed mushairas held in the courtyard of the Delhi College outside.Mughal prince Mirza Farhatullah Baig also held a poetry symposium at her home.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Although much younger than Ochterlony, Mubarak was seen as the dominant personality in the relationship. This led one observer to remark that \"making Sir David the Commissioner of Delhi was the same as making Generallee Begum\". Another observer remarked, \"Ochterlony's mistress is the mistress now of everyone within the walls\". As a result of her influence, Ochterlony considered raising his children as Muslims, and when his two daughters by Mubarak Begum had grown up, he adopted a child from the family of the Nawabs of Loharu, one of the leading Muslim families of Delhi. Raised by Mubarak, the girl went on to marry her cousin, a nephew of the famous Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Mubarak even seems to have set herself up as a power in her own right, and even formed her independent foreign policy. At one point, it was reported that \"Mubarak Begum, alias Generalee Begum, fills the [Delhi] papers with accounts of the Nizars and Khiluts [gifts and dresses of honor] given and taken by her in her transactions with the Vacquils [ambassadors of the different Indian powers] - an extraordinary liberty, if true.\"",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "However, despite all her power and high status, Mubarak Begum was widely unpopular among the British and the Mughals alike. She offended the British by calling herself \"Lady Ochterlony\" and on the other hand, also offended the Mughals by awarding herself the title \"Qudsia Begum\", a title previously reserved for the Emperor's mother. After Ochterlony's death, she inherited Mubarak Bagh, an Anglo-Mughal garden tomb Ochterlony had built in the north of Old Delhi, but her intense unpopularity combined with her background as a dancing girl ensured that no Mughal gentleman would use her structure. To this date, the tomb is still referred to by the local inhabitants of the old city as the \"Randi ki Masjid\".",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "David Ochterlony built a mosque in her honour, informally known as Randi ki Masjid. After the death of Mubarak Begum in 1878, the control of the mosque was taken over by the British government.Mubarak Begum Masjid is one of the three mosques to be commissioned by women in medieval India.",
"title": "Masjid"
}
] | Mubarak Begum, also known as Mahruttun Mubarak ul-Nissa Begum, was a Muslim tawaif and thirteenth wife of David Ochterlony, the first British Resident to the Mughal court at Delhi. | 2023-12-07T03:45:40Z | 2023-12-24T22:45:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak_Begum_(tawaif) |
75,504,914 | I Used to Live There | I Used to Live There is a Canadian short film, directed by Ryan McKenna and released in 2023. Blending documentary and fictional elements, the film centres on Daniel Gerson, a photographer who is losing his vision due to a degenerative eye disease, and Monika Schneider, an actress who hires him to take her new headshots.
McKenna previously made another short film, Gerson Workout, about Gerson's struggle with his deteriorating vision for the Greetings from Isolation project.
The film premiered at the 76th Locarno Film Festival in August 2023, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival.
The film was named to TIFF's annual Canada's Top Ten list for 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "I Used to Live There is a Canadian short film, directed by Ryan McKenna and released in 2023. Blending documentary and fictional elements, the film centres on Daniel Gerson, a photographer who is losing his vision due to a degenerative eye disease, and Monika Schneider, an actress who hires him to take her new headshots.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "McKenna previously made another short film, Gerson Workout, about Gerson's struggle with his deteriorating vision for the Greetings from Isolation project.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film premiered at the 76th Locarno Film Festival in August 2023, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film was named to TIFF's annual Canada's Top Ten list for 2023.",
"title": ""
}
] | I Used to Live There is a Canadian short film, directed by Ryan McKenna and released in 2023. Blending documentary and fictional elements, the film centres on Daniel Gerson, a photographer who is losing his vision due to a degenerative eye disease, and Monika Schneider, an actress who hires him to take her new headshots. McKenna previously made another short film, Gerson Workout, about Gerson's struggle with his deteriorating vision for the Greetings from Isolation project. The film premiered at the 76th Locarno Film Festival in August 2023, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was named to TIFF's annual Canada's Top Ten list for 2023. | 2023-12-07T03:52:20Z | 2023-12-18T09:03:34Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Used_to_Live_There |
75,504,915 | Nader El-Jindaoui | Nader El-Jindaoui (Arabic: نادر الجنداوي; born 16 November 1996) is a German Influencer and professional footballer who plays as a winger for Regionalliga club Hertha BSC II.
El-Jindaoui is a youth product of Nord Wedding, Füchse Berlin, Tennis Borussia Berlin, Energie Cottbus and Chemnitz. He left Energie Cottbus due to a bout with epilepsy, and a series of injuries caused by the epilepsy medication led to him being released by Chemnitz. On 6 November 2016, after months on trial he signed a professional contract with Babelsberg in the Regionalliga. In 2018, he moved to Greuther Fürth's reserves for a season, and followed that up with a stint with Fortuna Düsseldorf's reserves.
In the summer of 2020, he returned to Berlin signing with Berliner AK 07, and had his most prolific seasons to date. On 3 June 2022, he joined Hertha's reserves. On 4 July 2023, he extended his contract with Hertha for another season. He made his professional debut with Hertha BSC in a 3–3 (5–3) DFB Pokal penalty shootout win over Hamburg on 6 December 2023.
Born in Germany, El-Jindaoui is of Palestinian descent. He is married and has a daughter. With his wife Louisa he is an influencer with over a million subscribers on YouTube and Instagram. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nader El-Jindaoui (Arabic: نادر الجنداوي; born 16 November 1996) is a German Influencer and professional footballer who plays as a winger for Regionalliga club Hertha BSC II.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "El-Jindaoui is a youth product of Nord Wedding, Füchse Berlin, Tennis Borussia Berlin, Energie Cottbus and Chemnitz. He left Energie Cottbus due to a bout with epilepsy, and a series of injuries caused by the epilepsy medication led to him being released by Chemnitz. On 6 November 2016, after months on trial he signed a professional contract with Babelsberg in the Regionalliga. In 2018, he moved to Greuther Fürth's reserves for a season, and followed that up with a stint with Fortuna Düsseldorf's reserves.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the summer of 2020, he returned to Berlin signing with Berliner AK 07, and had his most prolific seasons to date. On 3 June 2022, he joined Hertha's reserves. On 4 July 2023, he extended his contract with Hertha for another season. He made his professional debut with Hertha BSC in a 3–3 (5–3) DFB Pokal penalty shootout win over Hamburg on 6 December 2023.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Born in Germany, El-Jindaoui is of Palestinian descent. He is married and has a daughter. With his wife Louisa he is an influencer with over a million subscribers on YouTube and Instagram.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Nader El-Jindaoui is a German Influencer and professional footballer who plays as a winger for Regionalliga club Hertha BSC II. | 2023-12-07T03:52:28Z | 2023-12-15T00:20:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nader_El-Jindaoui |
75,504,916 | 2024 Bathurst 12 Hour | The 2024 Repco Bathurst 12 Hour is an endurance race for FIA GT3 cars and invited vehicles, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 18th February 2024. It will be the opening round of four in the 2024 Intercontinental GT Challenge. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Repco Bathurst 12 Hour is an endurance race for FIA GT3 cars and invited vehicles, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 18th February 2024. It will be the opening round of four in the 2024 Intercontinental GT Challenge.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 2024 Repco Bathurst 12 Hour is an endurance race for FIA GT3 cars and invited vehicles, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 18th February 2024. It will be the opening round of four in the 2024 Intercontinental GT Challenge. | 2023-12-07T03:52:30Z | 2023-12-28T10:34:05Z | [
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75,504,926 | Vasantha Muthuswamy | Vasantha Muthuswamy (12 July 1948 – 21 February 2023) was an Indian physician and bioethicist, head of the Indian Council of Medical Research's Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Traditional Medicine, and Bioethics, and the Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, from 1990 to 2008. She was a leader in establishing, revising, and promoting ethical guidelines for medical research in India. She participated in international organizations and projects focused on bioethics, and was a noted critic of ethics dumping.
Muthuswamy was born in Madras (now Chennai), the daughter of Shri R. Seetharaman and Shrimati Tirupura Sundari. She attended St. Raphael's Girls' Higher Secondary School and Stella Maris College, and earned an MBBS degree at R. G. Kar Medical College in Calcutta (Kolkata). She earned a medical degree in 1979, at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College.
Muthuswamy began her medical career in 1979, in the Toxaemia Research Unit at Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital in Bangalore (Bengaluru). She joined the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1983, as a Senior Research Officer working in the Division of Basic Medical Sciences Traditional Medicine, and Bioethics, and the Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition. She became director of those divisions in 1990, and retired from that role in 2008.
Muthuswamy was a key author of the revised Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects (2000), and worked on further revisions of those guidelines, published in 2006 and 2017. Near the end of her life, she worked on national ethics guidelines for reviewing COVID-19 research. She was founding secretary of the Forum for Ethical Review Committees in the Asian and Pacific Regions (FERCAP), president of the Forum for Ethical Review Committees in India (FERCI) from 2019 to 2023, and chair of the ICMR's Central Ethics Committee in Human Research. She served on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. She was a recognized expert on ethics dumping in India.
Muthuswamy received Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, the Indian Society for Clinical Research, and Yenepoya University. In 1997, she was a World Health Organization (WHO) Visiting Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University.
Muthuswamy married political science and law professor, M. Muthuswamy in 1979. They had a son, Mahesh. Her husband died in 2013, and she died in 2023, at the age of 74, in Mumbai. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vasantha Muthuswamy (12 July 1948 – 21 February 2023) was an Indian physician and bioethicist, head of the Indian Council of Medical Research's Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Traditional Medicine, and Bioethics, and the Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, from 1990 to 2008. She was a leader in establishing, revising, and promoting ethical guidelines for medical research in India. She participated in international organizations and projects focused on bioethics, and was a noted critic of ethics dumping.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Muthuswamy was born in Madras (now Chennai), the daughter of Shri R. Seetharaman and Shrimati Tirupura Sundari. She attended St. Raphael's Girls' Higher Secondary School and Stella Maris College, and earned an MBBS degree at R. G. Kar Medical College in Calcutta (Kolkata). She earned a medical degree in 1979, at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Muthuswamy began her medical career in 1979, in the Toxaemia Research Unit at Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital in Bangalore (Bengaluru). She joined the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1983, as a Senior Research Officer working in the Division of Basic Medical Sciences Traditional Medicine, and Bioethics, and the Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition. She became director of those divisions in 1990, and retired from that role in 2008.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Muthuswamy was a key author of the revised Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects (2000), and worked on further revisions of those guidelines, published in 2006 and 2017. Near the end of her life, she worked on national ethics guidelines for reviewing COVID-19 research. She was founding secretary of the Forum for Ethical Review Committees in the Asian and Pacific Regions (FERCAP), president of the Forum for Ethical Review Committees in India (FERCI) from 2019 to 2023, and chair of the ICMR's Central Ethics Committee in Human Research. She served on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. She was a recognized expert on ethics dumping in India.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Muthuswamy received Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, the Indian Society for Clinical Research, and Yenepoya University. In 1997, she was a World Health Organization (WHO) Visiting Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Muthuswamy married political science and law professor, M. Muthuswamy in 1979. They had a son, Mahesh. Her husband died in 2013, and she died in 2023, at the age of 74, in Mumbai.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Vasantha Muthuswamy was an Indian physician and bioethicist, head of the Indian Council of Medical Research's Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Traditional Medicine, and Bioethics, and the Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, from 1990 to 2008. She was a leader in establishing, revising, and promoting ethical guidelines for medical research in India. She participated in international organizations and projects focused on bioethics, and was a noted critic of ethics dumping. | 2023-12-07T03:54:54Z | 2023-12-12T15:14:46Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasantha_Muthuswamy |
75,504,940 | Malik Muhammad | Malik Muhammad is an American football cornerback for the Texas Longhorns | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Malik Muhammad is an American football cornerback for the Texas Longhorns",
"title": ""
}
] | Malik Muhammad is an American football cornerback for the Texas Longhorns | 2023-12-07T03:57:38Z | 2023-12-07T07:17:05Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Muhammad |
75,504,959 | BVN (disambiguation) | BVN is a Dutch public television channel.
BVN or bvn could also refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BVN is a Dutch public television channel.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "BVN or bvn could also refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | BVN is a Dutch public television channel. BVN or bvn could also refer to: | 2023-12-07T04:03:35Z | 2023-12-07T04:03:35Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BVN_(disambiguation) |
75,504,960 | Escuelas Familiares Agrarias | Agricultural Training Schools, in Spanish Escuelas de Formación Agraria (EFA) are specialised educational institutions that provide technical and professional training in areas related to agriculture, livestock, agribusiness, and the environment. These schools play a crucial role in training professionals for the agricultural and rural sector, combining theoretical and practical knowledge to address the challenges of rural areas.
In Spain, the development of EFAs dates back to the 1960s when Joaquín Herreros and Felipe González de Canales launched the project for the first Escuelas Familiares Agrarias. Inspired by the model of the French Maison Familial Rural, they established the first two EFA, Molino Azul and Casablanquilla, in Lora del Río and Brenes (Seville) in 1967. These schools aimed to provide quality professional and cultural training to rural youth, preventing their migration to urban areas.
In their beginnings, some agricultural training schools (EFAs) in Spain were founded or managed by members of Opus Dei, as part of their educational and social work in various fields, including technical and agricultural training. However, over time, many of these institutions have diversified and may be managed by different educational entities, maintaining their focus on agricultural training without a specific religious affiliation.
Over time, the number of agricultural training schools (EFAs) in Spain has grown to around 40 institutions distributed across different regions of the country. These schools have evolved to adapt to changes in rural areas and educational legislation, offering especializad programs in agricultural and rural areas. The agricultural training schools in Spain continue to play a fundamental role in the development of rural areas. The diversification and adaptation of their educational offerings have transformed them into key centers for the training of highly qualified professionals in the agricultural and rural sector of the country.
Spain currently hosts twenty-seven institutions of this type, but this model has transcended borders, multiplying the presence of agricultural training schools (EFA) worldwide. This expansion has generated a wide range of specialization possibilities, significantly expanding the educational offerings. Beyond traditional courses in agricultural management, livestock, and forestry, EFAs now cover diverse areas such as viticulture, restoration, natural resource management and organization, livestock production, automotive, hospitality, tourism, early childhood education, social healthcare, nursing auxiliary care, and oral hygiene .There are more than 40 EFAs that have existed in Spain:
In the Spanish context, agricultural training schools (EFAs) are grouped into different regional federations, such as Western Andalusia, Eastern Andalusia, Aragon, Castilla La Mancha-Madrid, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, and Valencia. In 1978, the majority of these institutions decided to come together to form the National Union of Agricultural Training Schools (UNEFA), which currently brings together the majority of professional training and rural development centers in Spain. Spanish Agricultural Training Schools (EFAs) have an association of 50,000 alumni, and currently, about 6,000 students are enrolled in them.
On a global scale, UNEFA is part of the International Association Maison Familiale Rurale (AIMFR), an international organization with 353 affiliated schools in Latin America, 129 in Africa, 6 in Asia, and 531 in Europe. It also engages with bodies such as the Confederation of Family Organizations of the European Union (COFACE), providing guidance to new agricultural training schools (EFAs) in America and contributing to awareness and assistance efforts in developing countries. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Agricultural Training Schools, in Spanish Escuelas de Formación Agraria (EFA) are specialised educational institutions that provide technical and professional training in areas related to agriculture, livestock, agribusiness, and the environment. These schools play a crucial role in training professionals for the agricultural and rural sector, combining theoretical and practical knowledge to address the challenges of rural areas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In Spain, the development of EFAs dates back to the 1960s when Joaquín Herreros and Felipe González de Canales launched the project for the first Escuelas Familiares Agrarias. Inspired by the model of the French Maison Familial Rural, they established the first two EFA, Molino Azul and Casablanquilla, in Lora del Río and Brenes (Seville) in 1967. These schools aimed to provide quality professional and cultural training to rural youth, preventing their migration to urban areas.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In their beginnings, some agricultural training schools (EFAs) in Spain were founded or managed by members of Opus Dei, as part of their educational and social work in various fields, including technical and agricultural training. However, over time, many of these institutions have diversified and may be managed by different educational entities, maintaining their focus on agricultural training without a specific religious affiliation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Over time, the number of agricultural training schools (EFAs) in Spain has grown to around 40 institutions distributed across different regions of the country. These schools have evolved to adapt to changes in rural areas and educational legislation, offering especializad programs in agricultural and rural areas. The agricultural training schools in Spain continue to play a fundamental role in the development of rural areas. The diversification and adaptation of their educational offerings have transformed them into key centers for the training of highly qualified professionals in the agricultural and rural sector of the country.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Spain currently hosts twenty-seven institutions of this type, but this model has transcended borders, multiplying the presence of agricultural training schools (EFA) worldwide. This expansion has generated a wide range of specialization possibilities, significantly expanding the educational offerings. Beyond traditional courses in agricultural management, livestock, and forestry, EFAs now cover diverse areas such as viticulture, restoration, natural resource management and organization, livestock production, automotive, hospitality, tourism, early childhood education, social healthcare, nursing auxiliary care, and oral hygiene .There are more than 40 EFAs that have existed in Spain:",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In the Spanish context, agricultural training schools (EFAs) are grouped into different regional federations, such as Western Andalusia, Eastern Andalusia, Aragon, Castilla La Mancha-Madrid, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, and Valencia. In 1978, the majority of these institutions decided to come together to form the National Union of Agricultural Training Schools (UNEFA), which currently brings together the majority of professional training and rural development centers in Spain. Spanish Agricultural Training Schools (EFAs) have an association of 50,000 alumni, and currently, about 6,000 students are enrolled in them.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On a global scale, UNEFA is part of the International Association Maison Familiale Rurale (AIMFR), an international organization with 353 affiliated schools in Latin America, 129 in Africa, 6 in Asia, and 531 in Europe. It also engages with bodies such as the Confederation of Family Organizations of the European Union (COFACE), providing guidance to new agricultural training schools (EFAs) in America and contributing to awareness and assistance efforts in developing countries.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Agricultural Training Schools, in Spanish Escuelas de Formación Agraria (EFA) are specialised educational institutions that provide technical and professional training in areas related to agriculture, livestock, agribusiness, and the environment. These schools play a crucial role in training professionals for the agricultural and rural sector, combining theoretical and practical knowledge to address the challenges of rural areas. | 2023-12-07T04:03:36Z | 2023-12-16T16:48:04Z | [
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75,504,964 | Paris Arbitral Award | The Paris Arbitral Award is an arbitral award issued on 3 October 1899 by an arbitral tribunal convened in Paris, created two years earlier as established in the Arbitral Treaty of Washington D. C. on 2 February 1897, in which the United States (representing Venezuela) on the one hand and the United Kingdom (as owner of the colony of British Guiana, currently Guyana) on the other, had agreed to submit to international arbitration the dispute over the border to the west of the British colony and the east of independent Venezuela, as a mechanism for an amicable solution to the territorial differendum.
Venezuela protested the award in 1962 before the United Nation after the publication of the Mallet-Prevosst memorandum. The Venezuelan claim was admitted in the framework of the UN, thus questioning the validity of the award. This event led to the signing of Geneva Agreement on 17 February 1966, between both parties plus the presence of the local government of British Guiana, close to receiving independence, at which time it would replace the United Kingdom in the issue of the territorial differendum with Venezuela.
In January 1896, the British government decided in effect to recognise the US right to intervene in the boundary dispute and accepted arbitration in principle without insisting on the Schomburgk Line as a basis for negotiation. Negotiations between the US and Britain over the details of the arbitration followed, and Britain was able to persuade the US of many of its views, even as it became clear that the eventual report of the Boundary Commission would likely be negative towards the British claims. An agreement between the US and the UK was signed on 12 November 1896. Cleveland's Boundary Commission suspended its work in November 1896, but it still went on to produce a large report.
The agreement provided for a tribunal with two members representing Venezuela (but chosen by the US Supreme Court), two members chosen by the British government, and fifth member chosen by those four, who would preside. Venezuelan President Joaquín Crespo referred to a sense of "national humiliation", and the treaty was modified so that the Venezuelan President would nominate a tribunal member. However it was understood that his choice would not be a Venezuelan, and in fact, he nominated the Chief Justice of the United States. Ultimately, on 2 February 1897, the Treaty of Washington between Venezuela and the United Kingdom was signed, and ratified several months later.
After the US and Britain had nominated their arbitrators, Britain proposed that the disputing parties agree on the presiding fifth arbitrator. There were delays in discussing that and in the interim, Martens was among the names of international jurists suggested by the US. Martens was then chosen by Venezuela from a shortlist of names submitted by Britain. The Panel of Arbitration thus consisted of:
Venezuela's senior counsel was former US President Benjamin Harrison, assisted by Severo Mallet-Prevost, Benjamin F. Tracy, James R. Soley, and José María Rojas. Britain was represented by its Attorney General, Richard Webster, assisted by Robert Reid, George Askwith and Sidney Rowlatt, with Sir Frederick Pollock preparing the original outline of Britain's argument. The parties had eight months to prepare their case, another four months to reply to the other party's case, and another three months for the final printed case. The final arguments were submitted in December 1898, with the total evidence and testimony amounting to 23 volumes.
Britain's key argument was that prior to Venezuela's independence, Spain had not taken effective possession of the disputed territory and said that the local Indians had had alliances with the Dutch, which gave them a sphere of influence that the British acquired in 1814. After fifty-five days of hearings, the arbitrators retired for six days. The American arbitrators found the British argument preposterous since American Indians had never been considered to have any sovereignty. However, the British had the advantage that Martens wanted a unanimous decision, and the British threatened to ignore the award if it did not suit them. They were also able to argue a loss of equity since under the terms of the treaty lands occupied for 50 years would receive title, and a number of British gold mines would be narrowly lost to that cutoff if their lands were awarded to Venezuela.
Sitting in Paris, the Tribunal of Arbitration finalized its decision on 3 October 1899. The award was unanimous but gave no reasons for the decision, merely describing the resulting boundary, which gave Britain almost 90% of the disputed territory. The Schomburgk Line was, with small deviations, re-established as the border between British Guiana and Venezuela. The first deviation from the Schomburgk line was that Venezuela's territory included Barima Point at the mouth of the Orinoco, giving it undisputed control of the river and thus the ability to levy duties on Venezuelan commerce. The second was drawing the border at the Wenamu River rather than the Cuyuni River, giving Venezuela a substantial territory east of the line that Britain had originally refused to include in the arbitration. However, Britain received most of the disputed territory and all of the gold mines.
The reaction to the award was surprise, the award's lack of reasoning being a particular concern. Though the Venezuelans were keenly disappointed with the outcome, they honoured their counsel for their efforts (their delegation's Secretary, Severo Mallet-Prevost, received the Order of the Liberator in 1944), and abided by the award.
The Anglo-Venezuelan boundary dispute asserted for the first time a more outward-looking American foreign policy, particularly in the Americas, marking the United States as a world power. That was the earliest example of modern interventionism under the Monroe Doctrine in which the USA exercised its claimed prerogatives in the Americas.
The Olney–Pauncefote Treaty of 1897 was a proposed treaty between the United States and Britain in 1897 that would have required arbitration of major disputes. The treaty was rejected by the US Senate and never went into effect.
The 1895 dispute between the US and Britain over Venezuela was peacefully resolved through arbitration. Both nations realized that a mechanism was desirable to avoid possible future conflicts. US Secretary of State Richard Olney in January 1897 negotiated an arbitration treaty with the British diplomat Julian Pauncefote. President William McKinley supported the treaty, as did most opinion leaders, academics, and leading newspapers. The main opposition came from Irish-Americans, who held a very negative view of Britain because of its treatment of Ireland.
In the US Senate, however, a series of amendments exempted important issues from any sort of arbitration. Any issue that was not exempted would need two-thirds of the Senate before arbitration could begin. Virtually nothing was left of the original proposal, and the Senate in May 1897 voted 43 in favor to 26 opposed, three votes short of what was needed.
Despite its disappointment with the award of Paris Tribunal of Arbitration, Venezuela abided by it. However, half a century later, the publication of an alleged political deal between Russia and Britain led Venezuela to reassert its claims. In 1949, the US jurist Otto Schoenrich gave the Venezuelan government the Memorandum of Severo Mallet-Prevost (Official Secretary of the U.S./Venezuela delegation in the Tribunal of Arbitration), written in 1944 to be published only after Mallet-Prevost's death. That reopened the issues, with Mallet-Prevost surmising a political deal between Russia and Britain from the subsequent private behaviour of the judges. Mallet-Prevost said that Martens had visited England with the two British arbitrators in the summer of 1899 and had offered the two American judges a choice between accepting a unanimous award along the lines ultimately agreed or a 3–2 majority opinion even more favourable to the British. The alternative would have followed the Schomburgk Line entirely and given the mouth of the Orinoco to the British. Mallet-Prevost said that the American judges and Venezuelan counsel were disgusted at the situation and considered the 3-2 option with a strongly-worded minority opinion but ultimately went along with Martens to avoid depriving Venezuela of valuable territory to which it was entitled.
As a result of Mallet-Prevost's claims, Venezuela revived its claim to the disputed territory in 1962. In 2018, Guyana has applied to the International Court of Justice to get a declaration that the 1899 Award is valid and binding upon Guyana and Venezuela and that the boundary established by that Award and the 1905 Agreement is valid. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Paris Arbitral Award is an arbitral award issued on 3 October 1899 by an arbitral tribunal convened in Paris, created two years earlier as established in the Arbitral Treaty of Washington D. C. on 2 February 1897, in which the United States (representing Venezuela) on the one hand and the United Kingdom (as owner of the colony of British Guiana, currently Guyana) on the other, had agreed to submit to international arbitration the dispute over the border to the west of the British colony and the east of independent Venezuela, as a mechanism for an amicable solution to the territorial differendum.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Venezuela protested the award in 1962 before the United Nation after the publication of the Mallet-Prevosst memorandum. The Venezuelan claim was admitted in the framework of the UN, thus questioning the validity of the award. This event led to the signing of Geneva Agreement on 17 February 1966, between both parties plus the presence of the local government of British Guiana, close to receiving independence, at which time it would replace the United Kingdom in the issue of the territorial differendum with Venezuela.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In January 1896, the British government decided in effect to recognise the US right to intervene in the boundary dispute and accepted arbitration in principle without insisting on the Schomburgk Line as a basis for negotiation. Negotiations between the US and Britain over the details of the arbitration followed, and Britain was able to persuade the US of many of its views, even as it became clear that the eventual report of the Boundary Commission would likely be negative towards the British claims. An agreement between the US and the UK was signed on 12 November 1896. Cleveland's Boundary Commission suspended its work in November 1896, but it still went on to produce a large report.",
"title": "Arbitration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The agreement provided for a tribunal with two members representing Venezuela (but chosen by the US Supreme Court), two members chosen by the British government, and fifth member chosen by those four, who would preside. Venezuelan President Joaquín Crespo referred to a sense of \"national humiliation\", and the treaty was modified so that the Venezuelan President would nominate a tribunal member. However it was understood that his choice would not be a Venezuelan, and in fact, he nominated the Chief Justice of the United States. Ultimately, on 2 February 1897, the Treaty of Washington between Venezuela and the United Kingdom was signed, and ratified several months later.",
"title": "Arbitration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After the US and Britain had nominated their arbitrators, Britain proposed that the disputing parties agree on the presiding fifth arbitrator. There were delays in discussing that and in the interim, Martens was among the names of international jurists suggested by the US. Martens was then chosen by Venezuela from a shortlist of names submitted by Britain. The Panel of Arbitration thus consisted of:",
"title": "Arbitration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Venezuela's senior counsel was former US President Benjamin Harrison, assisted by Severo Mallet-Prevost, Benjamin F. Tracy, James R. Soley, and José María Rojas. Britain was represented by its Attorney General, Richard Webster, assisted by Robert Reid, George Askwith and Sidney Rowlatt, with Sir Frederick Pollock preparing the original outline of Britain's argument. The parties had eight months to prepare their case, another four months to reply to the other party's case, and another three months for the final printed case. The final arguments were submitted in December 1898, with the total evidence and testimony amounting to 23 volumes.",
"title": "Arbitration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Britain's key argument was that prior to Venezuela's independence, Spain had not taken effective possession of the disputed territory and said that the local Indians had had alliances with the Dutch, which gave them a sphere of influence that the British acquired in 1814. After fifty-five days of hearings, the arbitrators retired for six days. The American arbitrators found the British argument preposterous since American Indians had never been considered to have any sovereignty. However, the British had the advantage that Martens wanted a unanimous decision, and the British threatened to ignore the award if it did not suit them. They were also able to argue a loss of equity since under the terms of the treaty lands occupied for 50 years would receive title, and a number of British gold mines would be narrowly lost to that cutoff if their lands were awarded to Venezuela.",
"title": "Arbitration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Sitting in Paris, the Tribunal of Arbitration finalized its decision on 3 October 1899. The award was unanimous but gave no reasons for the decision, merely describing the resulting boundary, which gave Britain almost 90% of the disputed territory. The Schomburgk Line was, with small deviations, re-established as the border between British Guiana and Venezuela. The first deviation from the Schomburgk line was that Venezuela's territory included Barima Point at the mouth of the Orinoco, giving it undisputed control of the river and thus the ability to levy duties on Venezuelan commerce. The second was drawing the border at the Wenamu River rather than the Cuyuni River, giving Venezuela a substantial territory east of the line that Britain had originally refused to include in the arbitration. However, Britain received most of the disputed territory and all of the gold mines.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The reaction to the award was surprise, the award's lack of reasoning being a particular concern. Though the Venezuelans were keenly disappointed with the outcome, they honoured their counsel for their efforts (their delegation's Secretary, Severo Mallet-Prevost, received the Order of the Liberator in 1944), and abided by the award.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The Anglo-Venezuelan boundary dispute asserted for the first time a more outward-looking American foreign policy, particularly in the Americas, marking the United States as a world power. That was the earliest example of modern interventionism under the Monroe Doctrine in which the USA exercised its claimed prerogatives in the Americas.",
"title": "Outcome"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Olney–Pauncefote Treaty of 1897 was a proposed treaty between the United States and Britain in 1897 that would have required arbitration of major disputes. The treaty was rejected by the US Senate and never went into effect.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The 1895 dispute between the US and Britain over Venezuela was peacefully resolved through arbitration. Both nations realized that a mechanism was desirable to avoid possible future conflicts. US Secretary of State Richard Olney in January 1897 negotiated an arbitration treaty with the British diplomat Julian Pauncefote. President William McKinley supported the treaty, as did most opinion leaders, academics, and leading newspapers. The main opposition came from Irish-Americans, who held a very negative view of Britain because of its treatment of Ireland.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In the US Senate, however, a series of amendments exempted important issues from any sort of arbitration. Any issue that was not exempted would need two-thirds of the Senate before arbitration could begin. Virtually nothing was left of the original proposal, and the Senate in May 1897 voted 43 in favor to 26 opposed, three votes short of what was needed.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Despite its disappointment with the award of Paris Tribunal of Arbitration, Venezuela abided by it. However, half a century later, the publication of an alleged political deal between Russia and Britain led Venezuela to reassert its claims. In 1949, the US jurist Otto Schoenrich gave the Venezuelan government the Memorandum of Severo Mallet-Prevost (Official Secretary of the U.S./Venezuela delegation in the Tribunal of Arbitration), written in 1944 to be published only after Mallet-Prevost's death. That reopened the issues, with Mallet-Prevost surmising a political deal between Russia and Britain from the subsequent private behaviour of the judges. Mallet-Prevost said that Martens had visited England with the two British arbitrators in the summer of 1899 and had offered the two American judges a choice between accepting a unanimous award along the lines ultimately agreed or a 3–2 majority opinion even more favourable to the British. The alternative would have followed the Schomburgk Line entirely and given the mouth of the Orinoco to the British. Mallet-Prevost said that the American judges and Venezuelan counsel were disgusted at the situation and considered the 3-2 option with a strongly-worded minority opinion but ultimately went along with Martens to avoid depriving Venezuela of valuable territory to which it was entitled.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "As a result of Mallet-Prevost's claims, Venezuela revived its claim to the disputed territory in 1962. In 2018, Guyana has applied to the International Court of Justice to get a declaration that the 1899 Award is valid and binding upon Guyana and Venezuela and that the boundary established by that Award and the 1905 Agreement is valid.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The Paris Arbitral Award is an arbitral award issued on 3 October 1899 by an arbitral tribunal convened in Paris, created two years earlier as established in the Arbitral Treaty of Washington D. C. on 2 February 1897, in which the United States on the one hand and the United Kingdom on the other, had agreed to submit to international arbitration the dispute over the border to the west of the British colony and the east of independent Venezuela, as a mechanism for an amicable solution to the territorial differendum. Venezuela protested the award in 1962 before the United Nation after the publication of the Mallet-Prevosst memorandum. The Venezuelan claim was admitted in the framework of the UN, thus questioning the validity of the award. This event led to the signing of Geneva Agreement on 17 February 1966, between both parties plus the presence of the local government of British Guiana, close to receiving independence, at which time it would replace the United Kingdom in the issue of the territorial differendum with Venezuela. | 2023-12-07T04:04:08Z | 2023-12-24T20:52:43Z | [
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75,505,002 | 1962–63 Irani Cup | The 1962–63 Irani Cup, was the 2nd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1961–62 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 5 to 8 April 1963. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1962–63 Irani Cup, was the 2nd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1961–62 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 5 to 8 April 1963.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 1962–63 Irani Cup, was the 2nd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1961–62 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 5 to 8 April 1963. | 2023-12-07T04:15:45Z | 2023-12-29T05:23:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962%E2%80%9363_Irani_Cup |
75,505,021 | Molly (memoir) | Molly is a 2023 memoir written by Blake Butler and published by Archway Editions. It is a work of autobiography concerning his marriage to and subsequent suicide of the poet Molly Brodak.
Blake Butler is the author of several books, including Alice Knott (Riverhead, 2020), Nothing: A Portrait of Insomnia (Harper Perennial, 2011), and Scorch Atlas (Featherproof Books, 2009). Prior to publication excerpts appeared in The Paris Review and Harper's.
Jessica Ferri in the Los Angeles Times called it "the best book I've read this year," while in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Suzanne Van Atten wrote that it is a "dark, gorgeously crafted read". The Telegraph concluded that "the triumph of his book lies in its compassion. Instead of shaming Brodak, he shows respect to her trickle-down trauma. He diagnoses her – I suspect accurately – with borderline personality disorder. He tells us every awful truth about a toxic relationship. And he does it with real, unending love." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Molly is a 2023 memoir written by Blake Butler and published by Archway Editions. It is a work of autobiography concerning his marriage to and subsequent suicide of the poet Molly Brodak.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Blake Butler is the author of several books, including Alice Knott (Riverhead, 2020), Nothing: A Portrait of Insomnia (Harper Perennial, 2011), and Scorch Atlas (Featherproof Books, 2009). Prior to publication excerpts appeared in The Paris Review and Harper's.",
"title": "Background and publication"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Jessica Ferri in the Los Angeles Times called it \"the best book I've read this year,\" while in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Suzanne Van Atten wrote that it is a \"dark, gorgeously crafted read\". The Telegraph concluded that \"the triumph of his book lies in its compassion. Instead of shaming Brodak, he shows respect to her trickle-down trauma. He diagnoses her – I suspect accurately – with borderline personality disorder. He tells us every awful truth about a toxic relationship. And he does it with real, unending love.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Molly is a 2023 memoir written by Blake Butler and published by Archway Editions. It is a work of autobiography concerning his marriage to and subsequent suicide of the poet Molly Brodak. | 2023-12-07T04:21:44Z | 2023-12-22T09:44:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_(memoir) |
75,505,024 | BasiGo | BasiGo is a Kenyan electric bus company that leases electric buses to local bus owners and is headquartered in Nairobi. Initially, BasiGo imported fully built or partially assembled electric buses from BYD Auto, however as from 2023 they partnered with Associated Vehicle Assemblers to fully assemble imported parts in Kenya. It was founded in 2021 by Jonathan Green and Jit Bhattacharya. As of 2023, BasiGo has almost 20 electric buses including 25 seater BYD K6 model electric buses and 36 seater E9 Kubwa buses.
Following the restrictions of diesel matatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic CEO and co-founder Jit Bhattacharya saw the opportunity to set up the first electric buses in Nairobi after the environmental changes seen a few weeks after the pandemic.
On 2 November, 2021, BasiGo announced the start of its operations in Nairobi after receiving $1 million in pre-seed funding. The first two buses began operations on 22 March, 2022. They were BYD K6 models operating under Citi Hoppa and East Shuttle matatu companies with one bus passing through Buruburu and Dandora and the other one moving through Allsops, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi CBD. Within 6 months the buses had covered 150,000 km and carried over 155,000 passengers according to CEO Jit Bhattacharya.
Following the success of the first two buses BasiGo shipped 15 more BYD K6 electric buses and were cleared from the port of Mombasa on 30 November 2022. Unlike the first two buses, the new buses were shipped while partially assembled and were assembled in Kenya by Associated Vehicle Assemblers. This was completed in January 2023. On 14 February 2023 the new buses were flagged off and began to operate within Nairobi under different local shuttles.
On 26 July, 2023, BasiGo signed letters of intent with Rwandan bus operators Royal Express, Volcano express and Kigali Bus Service to provide them with electric buses via the Pay-As-You-Drive model. They also announced their partnership with AC Mobility, an automated fare collection service provider.
In November 2023 USAID granted BasiGo $1.5 Million for purposes of conducting research with Rwandan operators and riders to study the model's profitability in the Rwandan market. They were also tasked to establish an urban pollution monitoring system to track how BasiGo lowered pollution in Rwanda. As of December 2023, the first two buses designated for Kigali arrived at Mombasa port.
After the shipping and assembly of the first buses, BasiGo began leasing them to local matatu companies via a Pay-as-you-drive model. This model operated via two options, one a purchasing option where the companies bought the bus without the battery for $35600 then BasiGo leased the batteries to them while also charging them for free. The local matatu operators would then pay BasiGo $0.16 per kilometer driven for the battery. The other was by leasing the entire bus by paying an up-front deposit and paying the rest while gradually operating the bus.
As of 2023, BasiGo has leased electric buses to 5 local bus shuttles.
In May 2023, BasiGo unveiled the first public electric charging station for electric buses in Buruburu. This was their third charging station, however it was their first charging station opened to the public. The first two were established in Embakasi and Kikuyu. The charging station was set up with a capacity of charging 6 buses simultaneously. The charging stations relied on renewable energy given they tapped to the national grid which received 90% of it's energy from renewable sources during the day and 100% during the night. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BasiGo is a Kenyan electric bus company that leases electric buses to local bus owners and is headquartered in Nairobi. Initially, BasiGo imported fully built or partially assembled electric buses from BYD Auto, however as from 2023 they partnered with Associated Vehicle Assemblers to fully assemble imported parts in Kenya. It was founded in 2021 by Jonathan Green and Jit Bhattacharya. As of 2023, BasiGo has almost 20 electric buses including 25 seater BYD K6 model electric buses and 36 seater E9 Kubwa buses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Following the restrictions of diesel matatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic CEO and co-founder Jit Bhattacharya saw the opportunity to set up the first electric buses in Nairobi after the environmental changes seen a few weeks after the pandemic.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 2 November, 2021, BasiGo announced the start of its operations in Nairobi after receiving $1 million in pre-seed funding. The first two buses began operations on 22 March, 2022. They were BYD K6 models operating under Citi Hoppa and East Shuttle matatu companies with one bus passing through Buruburu and Dandora and the other one moving through Allsops, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi CBD. Within 6 months the buses had covered 150,000 km and carried over 155,000 passengers according to CEO Jit Bhattacharya.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following the success of the first two buses BasiGo shipped 15 more BYD K6 electric buses and were cleared from the port of Mombasa on 30 November 2022. Unlike the first two buses, the new buses were shipped while partially assembled and were assembled in Kenya by Associated Vehicle Assemblers. This was completed in January 2023. On 14 February 2023 the new buses were flagged off and began to operate within Nairobi under different local shuttles.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 26 July, 2023, BasiGo signed letters of intent with Rwandan bus operators Royal Express, Volcano express and Kigali Bus Service to provide them with electric buses via the Pay-As-You-Drive model. They also announced their partnership with AC Mobility, an automated fare collection service provider.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In November 2023 USAID granted BasiGo $1.5 Million for purposes of conducting research with Rwandan operators and riders to study the model's profitability in the Rwandan market. They were also tasked to establish an urban pollution monitoring system to track how BasiGo lowered pollution in Rwanda. As of December 2023, the first two buses designated for Kigali arrived at Mombasa port.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After the shipping and assembly of the first buses, BasiGo began leasing them to local matatu companies via a Pay-as-you-drive model. This model operated via two options, one a purchasing option where the companies bought the bus without the battery for $35600 then BasiGo leased the batteries to them while also charging them for free. The local matatu operators would then pay BasiGo $0.16 per kilometer driven for the battery. The other was by leasing the entire bus by paying an up-front deposit and paying the rest while gradually operating the bus.",
"title": "Leasing and integration with local matatu companies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "As of 2023, BasiGo has leased electric buses to 5 local bus shuttles.",
"title": "Leasing and integration with local matatu companies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In May 2023, BasiGo unveiled the first public electric charging station for electric buses in Buruburu. This was their third charging station, however it was their first charging station opened to the public. The first two were established in Embakasi and Kikuyu. The charging station was set up with a capacity of charging 6 buses simultaneously. The charging stations relied on renewable energy given they tapped to the national grid which received 90% of it's energy from renewable sources during the day and 100% during the night.",
"title": "Public bus charging station establishment"
}
] | BasiGo is a Kenyan electric bus company that leases electric buses to local bus owners and is headquartered in Nairobi. Initially, BasiGo imported fully built or partially assembled electric buses from BYD Auto, however as from 2023 they partnered with Associated Vehicle Assemblers to fully assemble imported parts in Kenya. It was founded in 2021 by Jonathan Green and Jit Bhattacharya. As of 2023, BasiGo has almost 20 electric buses including 25 seater BYD K6 model electric buses and 36 seater E9 Kubwa buses. | 2023-12-07T04:22:24Z | 2023-12-21T08:23:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BasiGo |
75,505,026 | 2023–24 Florida A&M Rattlers basketball team | The 2023–24 Florida A&M Rattlers basketball team represents Florida A&M University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rattlers, led by seventh-year head coach Robert McCullum, play their home games at the Al Lawson Center in Tallahassee, Florida as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
The Rattlers finished the 2022–23 season 7–22, 5–13 in SWAC play to finish in eleventh place. They failed to qualify for the SWAC tournament, as only the top eight teams make it.
Sources: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 Florida A&M Rattlers basketball team represents Florida A&M University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rattlers, led by seventh-year head coach Robert McCullum, play their home games at the Al Lawson Center in Tallahassee, Florida as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Rattlers finished the 2022–23 season 7–22, 5–13 in SWAC play to finish in eleventh place. They failed to qualify for the SWAC tournament, as only the top eight teams make it.",
"title": "Previous season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sources:",
"title": "Schedule and results"
}
] | The 2023–24 Florida A&M Rattlers basketball team represents Florida A&M University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rattlers, led by seventh-year head coach Robert McCullum, play their home games at the Al Lawson Center in Tallahassee, Florida as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. | 2023-12-07T04:22:39Z | 2023-12-31T06:12:32Z | [
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75,505,028 | BZN (disambiguation) | BZN is a Dutch pop band.
BZN, Bzn, or bzn could also refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BZN is a Dutch pop band.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "BZN, Bzn, or bzn could also refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | BZN is a Dutch pop band. BZN, Bzn, or bzn could also refer to: Boano language (Maluku), a language spoken in Boano island, Indonesia, by ISO 639 code
Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, an airport in Belgrade, Montana, U.S., by IATA and FAA codes
Balzan, a town in Malta, by postal code
Brezinaite, a rare mineral composed of chromium and sulfur
Bagnan railway station, a train station in Bagnan, West Bengal, India | 2023-12-07T04:22:54Z | 2023-12-07T04:22:54Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BZN_(disambiguation) |
75,505,035 | Randall Wilcox | Randall Wilcox (November 9, 1793 – October 18, 1872) was an American businessman, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was the first village president of De Pere, Wisconsin, and played an important role in the early work to develop the Fox River system for navigability. He also served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly and—prior to Wisconsin statehood—he served two years on the Wisconsin Territory council during the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly.
Randall Wilcox was born in Lee, Massachusetts, in 1793. As a child, he moved to Pennsylvania, with his parents, where he was raised and educated. He worked on many bridge and dam projects in Pennsylvania and Maryland.
He moved west to the Wisconsin Territory in 1836, and settled on a plot of land along the Fox River, in the area that is now De Pere, Wisconsin. He quickly became involved in bridge and dam construction again, and became affiliated with pioneer John Penn Arndt as president of his De Pere Hydraulic Company, where he managed the building of the first lock and dam on the Fox River. At the same time, Wilcox became entangled with the recently-established De Pere Bank, and, in the midst of the Panic of 1837, attempted to backstop the bank with a $20,000 loan from his own savings (about $640,000 adjusted for inflation to 2023). His loan did not save the bank, so Wilcox became the owner of all the bank's assets, though this did not come close to covering his losses.
In 1838, the territorial legislature named the area around their settlement as the town of "Wilcox", named for Randall Wilcox. The next year, however, that town was divided—the area east of the Fox River became the town of De Pere and the area west of the river was re-absorbed into the town of Howard.
In 1844, Wilcox was elected to represent the northeast quadrant of Wisconsin on the council (upper house of the legislature). He served in the 3rd and 4th sessions of the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly.
After Wisconsin achieved statehood, Wilcox was the first chairman of the Brown County board of supervisors under state government, and remained in that office until 1852.
In 1852, he was elected to his first term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, running on the Democratic Party ticket. He served in the 6th Wisconsin Legislature and did not run for re-election in 1853.
In 1857, the Legislature passed an act incorporating the village of De Pere. At the charter election, Wilcox was chosen as the first president of De Pere. He was re-elected to another term in 1858 and subsequently won three more one-year terms in 1861, 1863, and 1864. In 1864, Wilcox was also a Democratic candidate for presidential elector on behalf of George B. McClellan.
He returned to the Assembly in 1867, and again in 1869.
Randall Wilcox was one of at least six children born to Edward Wilcox and his wife Deborah (née Bailey). He married Lydia Field in 1817, at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. They had three daughters.
Their eldest daughter Mary Catherine married John Wallace Arndt, the son of De Pere pioneer John Penn Arndt and the brother of Charles C. P. Arndt, who was infamously killed by a fellow councilmember during an 1842 session of the Wisconsin Territory Council.
Two other daughters, Sarah and Martha Ann, were married to Charles D. Robinson, in 1846, and his brother, Albert C. Robinson, in 1853, respectively. At the time, the Robinson brothers were operating the partisan Democratic newspaper the Green Bay Advocate. George Robinson went on to become Secretary of State of Wisconsin and mayor of Green Bay.
Wilcox died on October 17, 1972.
The former Wilcox home in De Pere is still standing, at 707 North Broadway Street, and is now part of the North Broadway Street Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Randall Wilcox (November 9, 1793 – October 18, 1872) was an American businessman, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was the first village president of De Pere, Wisconsin, and played an important role in the early work to develop the Fox River system for navigability. He also served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly and—prior to Wisconsin statehood—he served two years on the Wisconsin Territory council during the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Randall Wilcox was born in Lee, Massachusetts, in 1793. As a child, he moved to Pennsylvania, with his parents, where he was raised and educated. He worked on many bridge and dam projects in Pennsylvania and Maryland.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He moved west to the Wisconsin Territory in 1836, and settled on a plot of land along the Fox River, in the area that is now De Pere, Wisconsin. He quickly became involved in bridge and dam construction again, and became affiliated with pioneer John Penn Arndt as president of his De Pere Hydraulic Company, where he managed the building of the first lock and dam on the Fox River. At the same time, Wilcox became entangled with the recently-established De Pere Bank, and, in the midst of the Panic of 1837, attempted to backstop the bank with a $20,000 loan from his own savings (about $640,000 adjusted for inflation to 2023). His loan did not save the bank, so Wilcox became the owner of all the bank's assets, though this did not come close to covering his losses.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1838, the territorial legislature named the area around their settlement as the town of \"Wilcox\", named for Randall Wilcox. The next year, however, that town was divided—the area east of the Fox River became the town of De Pere and the area west of the river was re-absorbed into the town of Howard.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1844, Wilcox was elected to represent the northeast quadrant of Wisconsin on the council (upper house of the legislature). He served in the 3rd and 4th sessions of the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After Wisconsin achieved statehood, Wilcox was the first chairman of the Brown County board of supervisors under state government, and remained in that office until 1852.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1852, he was elected to his first term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, running on the Democratic Party ticket. He served in the 6th Wisconsin Legislature and did not run for re-election in 1853.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1857, the Legislature passed an act incorporating the village of De Pere. At the charter election, Wilcox was chosen as the first president of De Pere. He was re-elected to another term in 1858 and subsequently won three more one-year terms in 1861, 1863, and 1864. In 1864, Wilcox was also a Democratic candidate for presidential elector on behalf of George B. McClellan.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "He returned to the Assembly in 1867, and again in 1869.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Randall Wilcox was one of at least six children born to Edward Wilcox and his wife Deborah (née Bailey). He married Lydia Field in 1817, at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. They had three daughters.",
"title": "Personal life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Their eldest daughter Mary Catherine married John Wallace Arndt, the son of De Pere pioneer John Penn Arndt and the brother of Charles C. P. Arndt, who was infamously killed by a fellow councilmember during an 1842 session of the Wisconsin Territory Council.",
"title": "Personal life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Two other daughters, Sarah and Martha Ann, were married to Charles D. Robinson, in 1846, and his brother, Albert C. Robinson, in 1853, respectively. At the time, the Robinson brothers were operating the partisan Democratic newspaper the Green Bay Advocate. George Robinson went on to become Secretary of State of Wisconsin and mayor of Green Bay.",
"title": "Personal life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Wilcox died on October 17, 1972.",
"title": "Personal life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The former Wilcox home in De Pere is still standing, at 707 North Broadway Street, and is now part of the North Broadway Street Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places.",
"title": "Personal life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "",
"title": "Personal life and family"
}
] | Randall Wilcox was an American businessman, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was the first village president of De Pere, Wisconsin, and played an important role in the early work to develop the Fox River system for navigability. He also served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly and—prior to Wisconsin statehood—he served two years on the Wisconsin Territory council during the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly. | 2023-12-07T04:23:53Z | 2023-12-09T20:02:25Z | [
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75,505,054 | Solutré horse | The expression "Solutré horse" (from the French cheval de Solutré) refers to the remains of prehistoric equids discovered near the rock of Solutré by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866, then studied by Professor Toussaint in 1874. This discovery gave rise to a popular legend about hunting in the abyss, according to which Paleolithic hunters guided herds of wild horses up the rock to precipitate them into the void and kill them. In reality, these migrating horses were slaughtered by men at the foot of the rock.
More recent research by Jean Combier, François Prat and Jean-Luc Guadelli attributes the horse remains found at Solutré to subspecies descended from Equus caballus germanicus, namely Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. From a scientific point of view, the Solutré horse is therefore not considered a distinct species, although it is still cited in popular literature as the ancestor of certain modern horse breeds, notably the Camargue and Ardennais.
The Paleolithic deposits near rock of Solutré, in Solutré-Pouilly, yielded a large number of horse remains, discovered by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866. These bones were studied in 1874 by Professor Toussaint, in his Traité sur le cheval dans la station préhistorique de Solutré. He estimated the average size of the horses at 1.36 m to 1.38 m, with a maximum of 1.45 m, an estimate confirmed the same year by hippologist André Sanson. Compared to domestic horses, Solutré horses have large heads. However, essential parts of the skeleton, notably a complete skull, are missing for detailed study. According to André Sanson, this made it impossible at the time to determine what type of equid was involved. A new series of studies began when Jean Combier recovered the bones in the 1960s.
Several scientific theories have since been put forward concerning these horse remains, both in terms of how they died and their origin.
One of the first hypotheses put forward by Professor Toussaint in 1874 was that Solutrean man domesticated these horses, so that they could be lassoed and eaten. André Sanson and Charles-Alexandre Piétrement invalidated this hypothesis, based on their knowledge of Paleolithic man: the latter indicated that the bones came from horses slaughtered by a hunting party, and that the knowledge of Solutrean man was too rudimentary to include horse domestication. Professor Toussaint and the hippologist also disagree on the age of the horses.
According to the most recent theory, horses probably often passed close to the rock of Solutré during their seasonal migrations, overwintering in the Rhône and Saône valleys before moving westwards onto plateaus as the warm weather returned. Paleolithic human groups then took advantage of the passage of numerous herds to slaughter animals.
The postulation of the existence of two differentiated subspecies on the Solutré site follows the examination of bones recovered by Jean Combier. Noting differences in morphology associated with different dates (suggesting several species or subspecies among these fossils), François Prat and Combier postulated the existence of two differentiated types of horse on this site: Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. It would appear that Equus caballus gallicus appeared in the Solutré region during the second half of the Würm III, as a successor to Equus caballus germanicus, which had been roaming these regions since the Würm II. It is then possible that Equus caballus gallicus was succeeded at the end of Würm IV by a new species better adapted to climatic constraints.
Equus caballus gallicus is a subspecies thought to be smaller than Equus caballus germanicus, and, according to François Prat, has a different morphology, with more pronounced caballine characteristics in its teeth. Smaller and lighter than the latter, it averages 1.40 m in height, has broad hooves and a short, voluminous head with strong teeth, resting on a short, broad neck.
Because it forms the majority of the fossils found at Solutré, it is to Equus caballus gallicus that the name "Solutré horse" refers by default. However, not all prehistorians and paleontologists recognize the existence of this taxon. Vera Eisenmann postulates that Equus caballus germanicus can show variations in size and dentition, and that Equus caballus gallicus never existed, Equus caballus arcelini would have succeeded Equus caballus germanicus directly 15,000 years BC, with much more visible morphological changes.
Studies carried out by François Prat and then Jean-Luc Guadelli around 1989 showed that another, smaller, potential subspecies was present in the Magdalenian levels at Solutré. It was named Equus caballus arcelini in homage to Adrien Arcelin.
Some authors have also likened the Solutré horses to Equus ferus, a species distinct from the domestic horse.
The discovery of the bones at Solutré gave rise to a legend relayed by popular culture, according to which Paleolithic hunters guided herds of horses to the summit of the Roche, then threw them off the cliffs to kill them.
This popular theory, never mentioned in Henry Testot-Ferry's scientific publications, appears in Adrien Arcelin's 1872 prehistoric novel Solutré ou les chasseurs de rennes de la France centrale. It's a piece of fiction that has captured the popular imagination. Illustrated with a wealth of iconography, it has been repeated dozens of times by authors, film-makers and artists, despite its impossibility, proven as early as the 1960s by the lay of the land.
It is now widely disputed, not least because of the distance separating the cliffs of La Roche from the archaeological bone piles, of the order of a hundred meters. Knowledge of Solutrean hunting weapons also invalidates this view. According to François Poplin, this legend would have endured through the symbolic association between horse and elevation to higher ground, with a possible influence from the image of Panurge's sheep. According to the Musée départemental de Préhistoire de Solutré, the horses were actually slaughtered at the foot of the rock.
The "Solutré horse" is frequently cited in the genealogy of French horse breeds that are supposed to have it as an ancestor.
In 1874, Professor Toussaint compared the bones discovered with those of the Camargue horse. A year later, he discovered a horse skeleton near Arles, which he described as "Solutrean in shape", and cited it as the earliest direct evidence of an ancestor of the Camargue horse.
This theory is still widely supported by a number of recent popularization works published in 2006 and 2008. The official document on the Camargue breed published by the Haras Nationaux states that, following this logic, the Solutré horse lived 20,000 years ago in the Saône basin and would have moved along the Rhône valley to settle in the Camargue 10,000 years ago.
In 1874, André Sanson considered the Solutré horse to be the direct ancestor of the Ardennais horse, assuming in particular that the inhabitants of present-day Belgium obtained their horses from the Bassigny region in the early days of horse domestication, but this theory has been invalidated by more recent research. The Ardennais (and consequently the Auxois and the trait du Nord, which are derived from crosses with the latter) are still frequently cited as descendants of the Solutré horse, but there is no evidence that the horses from the Solutré site migrated to the Ardennes. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The expression \"Solutré horse\" (from the French cheval de Solutré) refers to the remains of prehistoric equids discovered near the rock of Solutré by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866, then studied by Professor Toussaint in 1874. This discovery gave rise to a popular legend about hunting in the abyss, according to which Paleolithic hunters guided herds of wild horses up the rock to precipitate them into the void and kill them. In reality, these migrating horses were slaughtered by men at the foot of the rock.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "More recent research by Jean Combier, François Prat and Jean-Luc Guadelli attributes the horse remains found at Solutré to subspecies descended from Equus caballus germanicus, namely Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. From a scientific point of view, the Solutré horse is therefore not considered a distinct species, although it is still cited in popular literature as the ancestor of certain modern horse breeds, notably the Camargue and Ardennais.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Paleolithic deposits near rock of Solutré, in Solutré-Pouilly, yielded a large number of horse remains, discovered by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866. These bones were studied in 1874 by Professor Toussaint, in his Traité sur le cheval dans la station préhistorique de Solutré. He estimated the average size of the horses at 1.36 m to 1.38 m, with a maximum of 1.45 m, an estimate confirmed the same year by hippologist André Sanson. Compared to domestic horses, Solutré horses have large heads. However, essential parts of the skeleton, notably a complete skull, are missing for detailed study. According to André Sanson, this made it impossible at the time to determine what type of equid was involved. A new series of studies began when Jean Combier recovered the bones in the 1960s.",
"title": "Description of bones"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Several scientific theories have since been put forward concerning these horse remains, both in terms of how they died and their origin.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "One of the first hypotheses put forward by Professor Toussaint in 1874 was that Solutrean man domesticated these horses, so that they could be lassoed and eaten. André Sanson and Charles-Alexandre Piétrement invalidated this hypothesis, based on their knowledge of Paleolithic man: the latter indicated that the bones came from horses slaughtered by a hunting party, and that the knowledge of Solutrean man was too rudimentary to include horse domestication. Professor Toussaint and the hippologist also disagree on the age of the horses.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "According to the most recent theory, horses probably often passed close to the rock of Solutré during their seasonal migrations, overwintering in the Rhône and Saône valleys before moving westwards onto plateaus as the warm weather returned. Paleolithic human groups then took advantage of the passage of numerous herds to slaughter animals.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The postulation of the existence of two differentiated subspecies on the Solutré site follows the examination of bones recovered by Jean Combier. Noting differences in morphology associated with different dates (suggesting several species or subspecies among these fossils), François Prat and Combier postulated the existence of two differentiated types of horse on this site: Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. It would appear that Equus caballus gallicus appeared in the Solutré region during the second half of the Würm III, as a successor to Equus caballus germanicus, which had been roaming these regions since the Würm II. It is then possible that Equus caballus gallicus was succeeded at the end of Würm IV by a new species better adapted to climatic constraints.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Equus caballus gallicus is a subspecies thought to be smaller than Equus caballus germanicus, and, according to François Prat, has a different morphology, with more pronounced caballine characteristics in its teeth. Smaller and lighter than the latter, it averages 1.40 m in height, has broad hooves and a short, voluminous head with strong teeth, resting on a short, broad neck.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Because it forms the majority of the fossils found at Solutré, it is to Equus caballus gallicus that the name \"Solutré horse\" refers by default. However, not all prehistorians and paleontologists recognize the existence of this taxon. Vera Eisenmann postulates that Equus caballus germanicus can show variations in size and dentition, and that Equus caballus gallicus never existed, Equus caballus arcelini would have succeeded Equus caballus germanicus directly 15,000 years BC, with much more visible morphological changes.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Studies carried out by François Prat and then Jean-Luc Guadelli around 1989 showed that another, smaller, potential subspecies was present in the Magdalenian levels at Solutré. It was named Equus caballus arcelini in homage to Adrien Arcelin.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Some authors have also likened the Solutré horses to Equus ferus, a species distinct from the domestic horse.",
"title": "Scientific interpretations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The discovery of the bones at Solutré gave rise to a legend relayed by popular culture, according to which Paleolithic hunters guided herds of horses to the summit of the Roche, then threw them off the cliffs to kill them.",
"title": "Legend of the hunt for the abyss"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "This popular theory, never mentioned in Henry Testot-Ferry's scientific publications, appears in Adrien Arcelin's 1872 prehistoric novel Solutré ou les chasseurs de rennes de la France centrale. It's a piece of fiction that has captured the popular imagination. Illustrated with a wealth of iconography, it has been repeated dozens of times by authors, film-makers and artists, despite its impossibility, proven as early as the 1960s by the lay of the land.",
"title": "Legend of the hunt for the abyss"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "It is now widely disputed, not least because of the distance separating the cliffs of La Roche from the archaeological bone piles, of the order of a hundred meters. Knowledge of Solutrean hunting weapons also invalidates this view. According to François Poplin, this legend would have endured through the symbolic association between horse and elevation to higher ground, with a possible influence from the image of Panurge's sheep. According to the Musée départemental de Préhistoire de Solutré, the horses were actually slaughtered at the foot of the rock.",
"title": "Legend of the hunt for the abyss"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The \"Solutré horse\" is frequently cited in the genealogy of French horse breeds that are supposed to have it as an ancestor.",
"title": "Relationship between the Solutré horse and domestic horses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In 1874, Professor Toussaint compared the bones discovered with those of the Camargue horse. A year later, he discovered a horse skeleton near Arles, which he described as \"Solutrean in shape\", and cited it as the earliest direct evidence of an ancestor of the Camargue horse.",
"title": "Relationship between the Solutré horse and domestic horses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "This theory is still widely supported by a number of recent popularization works published in 2006 and 2008. The official document on the Camargue breed published by the Haras Nationaux states that, following this logic, the Solutré horse lived 20,000 years ago in the Saône basin and would have moved along the Rhône valley to settle in the Camargue 10,000 years ago.",
"title": "Relationship between the Solutré horse and domestic horses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In 1874, André Sanson considered the Solutré horse to be the direct ancestor of the Ardennais horse, assuming in particular that the inhabitants of present-day Belgium obtained their horses from the Bassigny region in the early days of horse domestication, but this theory has been invalidated by more recent research. The Ardennais (and consequently the Auxois and the trait du Nord, which are derived from crosses with the latter) are still frequently cited as descendants of the Solutré horse, but there is no evidence that the horses from the Solutré site migrated to the Ardennes.",
"title": "Relationship between the Solutré horse and domestic horses"
}
] | The expression "Solutré horse" refers to the remains of prehistoric equids discovered near the rock of Solutré by Adrien Arcelin and Henry Testot-Ferry in 1866, then studied by Professor Toussaint in 1874. This discovery gave rise to a popular legend about hunting in the abyss, according to which Paleolithic hunters guided herds of wild horses up the rock to precipitate them into the void and kill them. In reality, these migrating horses were slaughtered by men at the foot of the rock. More recent research by Jean Combier, François Prat and Jean-Luc Guadelli attributes the horse remains found at Solutré to subspecies descended from Equus caballus germanicus, namely Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. From a scientific point of view, the Solutré horse is therefore not considered a distinct species, although it is still cited in popular literature as the ancestor of certain modern horse breeds, notably the Camargue and Ardennais. | 2023-12-07T04:28:26Z | 2023-12-26T17:52:07Z | [
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75,505,067 | Charminar (2003 film) | Charminar is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language directed by Sagar. The film stars Venkat, Abhirami, Prakash Raj and Telangana Shakuntala. It was theatrically released on 15 August 2003.
Gudipoodi Srihari from The Hindu wrote "Venkat's good physique and histrionic talent are wasted in this thankless role. Even Prakashraj gets an equally bad role. None of the artistes fares better. Music score by Ghantadi Krishna sounds melancholic in this mayhem called Charminar". A reviewer of idlebrain.com says "This film does not offer anything but for a couple of well picturised melodious songs. You can safely avoid watching this film". A reviewer of Sify wrote "it seems was not paid his full remuneration and hence he decided not to dub. Abhirami (the heroine of Kamal’s Sandiyar) is good as Keerthi. On the whole it is a shoddily made film, and watching it is a waste of time". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Charminar is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language directed by Sagar. The film stars Venkat, Abhirami, Prakash Raj and Telangana Shakuntala. It was theatrically released on 15 August 2003.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gudipoodi Srihari from The Hindu wrote \"Venkat's good physique and histrionic talent are wasted in this thankless role. Even Prakashraj gets an equally bad role. None of the artistes fares better. Music score by Ghantadi Krishna sounds melancholic in this mayhem called Charminar\". A reviewer of idlebrain.com says \"This film does not offer anything but for a couple of well picturised melodious songs. You can safely avoid watching this film\". A reviewer of Sify wrote \"it seems was not paid his full remuneration and hence he decided not to dub. Abhirami (the heroine of Kamal’s Sandiyar) is good as Keerthi. On the whole it is a shoddily made film, and watching it is a waste of time\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
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] | Charminar is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language directed by Sagar. The film stars
Venkat, Abhirami, Prakash Raj and Telangana Shakuntala. It was theatrically released on 15 August 2003. | 2023-12-07T04:30:33Z | 2023-12-08T08:21:49Z | [
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75,505,076 | 2024 Valour FC season | The 2024 Valour FC season is the sixth season in the history of Valour FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship.
As of December 20, 2023.
Valour FC selected the following players in the 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft. Draft picks are not automatically signed to the team roster. Only those who are signed to a contract will be listed as transfers in. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Valour FC season is the sixth season in the history of Valour FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of December 20, 2023.",
"title": "Current squad"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Valour FC selected the following players in the 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft. Draft picks are not automatically signed to the team roster. Only those who are signed to a contract will be listed as transfers in.",
"title": "Transfers"
}
] | The 2024 Valour FC season is the sixth season in the history of Valour FC. In addition to the Canadian Premier League, the club will compete in the Canadian Championship. | 2023-12-07T04:31:40Z | 2023-12-27T21:19:27Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Valour_FC_season |
75,505,098 | Doğubayazıt Reeds | Doğubayazıt Reeds (Turkish: Doğubayazıt Sazlıkları), is a moist reeds area in northeastern Turkey. It is located on the western slopes of Mount Ararat.
Wetland; It surrounds Mount Zor (3196 m), the branch of the Karasu Aras Mountains from the north-northwest, Mount Akyayla (2543 m) and Tendürek Mountain from the south, Mount Ararat from the northeast. The basin is separated from the Doğubayazıt-Gürbulak groove in the southeast by a threshold of volcanic materials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Doğubayazıt Reeds (Turkish: Doğubayazıt Sazlıkları), is a moist reeds area in northeastern Turkey. It is located on the western slopes of Mount Ararat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Wetland; It surrounds Mount Zor (3196 m), the branch of the Karasu Aras Mountains from the north-northwest, Mount Akyayla (2543 m) and Tendürek Mountain from the south, Mount Ararat from the northeast. The basin is separated from the Doğubayazıt-Gürbulak groove in the southeast by a threshold of volcanic materials.",
"title": "Geology and geomorphology"
}
] | Doğubayazıt Reeds, is a moist reeds area in northeastern Turkey. It is located on the western slopes of Mount Ararat. | 2023-12-07T04:38:26Z | 2023-12-07T05:29:42Z | [
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75,505,108 | Nicolas Oliveira (footballer, born 2004) | Nicolas-Bernd Oliveira Kisilowski (born 6 February 2004) is a German professional footballer who plays as a full-back for 2. Bundesliga club Hamburg.
Oliveira is a youth product of Eimsbütt before moving to Hamburg in 2018 at the age of 14. On 20 June 2022, he was promoted to Hamburg's reserves in the Regionalliga. On 21 July 2023, he signed a professional contract with Hamburg until 2026. He made his professional debut with Hamburg in a 5–3 2. Bundesliga win over Schalke on 28 July 2023.
Born in Spain, Oliveira was born to a German father and Spanish mother and moved to Germany at a younge age. He is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U20s. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nicolas-Bernd Oliveira Kisilowski (born 6 February 2004) is a German professional footballer who plays as a full-back for 2. Bundesliga club Hamburg.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Oliveira is a youth product of Eimsbütt before moving to Hamburg in 2018 at the age of 14. On 20 June 2022, he was promoted to Hamburg's reserves in the Regionalliga. On 21 July 2023, he signed a professional contract with Hamburg until 2026. He made his professional debut with Hamburg in a 5–3 2. Bundesliga win over Schalke on 28 July 2023.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
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"text": "Born in Spain, Oliveira was born to a German father and Spanish mother and moved to Germany at a younge age. He is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U20s.",
"title": "International career"
}
] | Nicolas-Bernd Oliveira Kisilowski is a German professional footballer who plays as a full-back for 2. Bundesliga club Hamburg. | 2023-12-07T04:40:39Z | 2023-12-07T04:42:34Z | [
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75,505,120 | 1885 Aberdeen Corporation election | An election to the Aberdeen Corporation was held on 3 November 1885, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. 10 of the corporation's 25 seats were up for election.
This election marked a conversion of sitting councillors to a labour programme. John Morgan of Greyfriars, who was elected temporarily after a councillor resigned, stood affiliated with the Aberdeen United Trades Council. The same situation occurred with Alexander Lyon Jr. of St. Nicholas, who had lost to a Trades Council candidate at the previous election. All three seats in Greyfriars ward were up for election as two councillors resigned and one was disqualified from holding office. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "An election to the Aberdeen Corporation was held on 3 November 1885, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. 10 of the corporation's 25 seats were up for election.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This election marked a conversion of sitting councillors to a labour programme. John Morgan of Greyfriars, who was elected temporarily after a councillor resigned, stood affiliated with the Aberdeen United Trades Council. The same situation occurred with Alexander Lyon Jr. of St. Nicholas, who had lost to a Trades Council candidate at the previous election. All three seats in Greyfriars ward were up for election as two councillors resigned and one was disqualified from holding office.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Ward Results"
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] | An election to the Aberdeen Corporation was held on 3 November 1885, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. 10 of the corporation's 25 seats were up for election. This election marked a conversion of sitting councillors to a labour programme. John Morgan of Greyfriars, who was elected temporarily after a councillor resigned, stood affiliated with the Aberdeen United Trades Council. The same situation occurred with Alexander Lyon Jr. of St. Nicholas, who had lost to a Trades Council candidate at the previous election. All three seats in Greyfriars ward were up for election as two councillors resigned and one was disqualified from holding office. | 2023-12-07T04:42:22Z | 2023-12-26T16:16:56Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1885_Aberdeen_Corporation_election |
75,505,124 | Nicolas Oliveira | Nicolas Nilo César de Oliveira (born 4 August 1987) is a Brazilian former freestyle swimmer who specialized in sprint events.
Oliveira swam at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, where he finished 6th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, 14th in the 100-metre freestyle, 25th in the 200-metre freestyle, and was disqualified in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle.
His first appearance in World Championships, was at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships held in Melbourne, where he helped the 4 × 100-metre and 4 × 200-metre freestyle relay teams to qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Oliveira earned 46th place in the 50-metre freestyle, 26th in the 100-metre freestyle, 17th in 200-metre freestyle, 8th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle, and 11th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle.
At the 2007 Pan American Games, Oliveira won the gold medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay and in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle. He also ranked fourth in the 200-metre freestyle.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, he participated in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay (where he was disqualified), 4 × 200-metre freestyle (16th place), and 4 × 100-metre medley (14th place).
At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, along with César Cielo, Guilherme Roth, and Fernando Silva, he finished 4th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay; with Thiago Pereira, Rodrigo Castro, and Lucas Salatta, he got the 10th place in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle. He also competed in the 100-metre freestyle finals, placing 8th, and finished in 18th place in the 200-metre freestyle.
He competed in the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, where he finished 5th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, 12th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 22nd in the 200-metre freestyle.
At the 2010 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) held in Dubai, the Brazilian national team, composed of César Cielo, Nicholas Santos, Marcelo Chierighini, and Nicolas Oliveira, won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle, with a time of 3:05.74 (South American record), with Brazil beating the American team. He also won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100-metre medley race, by participating at heats.
Participating in the 2011 World Aquatics Championships held in Shanghai, Oliviera finished 13th in the 200-metre freestyle, 9th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle, and 14th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle.
He was in 2011 Summer Universiade, where he won the silver medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle.
At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Oliviera won the gold medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay and silver in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle. He also came in ninth place in the 200-metre freestyle.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Oliveira finished 9th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle and 24th in the 100-metre freestyle.
Frustration with the result in England (24th in the 100-metre freestyle) made the Brazilian withdraw from swimming for six months. Oliveira went through a difficult process to rebuild, but he returned to compete.
At the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, he finished seventh in the 4 ×100-metre freestyle, along with Fernando Santos, Marcelo Chierighini, and Vinícius Waked. In the 200-metre freestyle, Oliveira classified to the semifinals with the best time of his life without super suits, 1:46.99. In the semifinals, he swam a half second above the qualification time, finishing 11th. He also finished 11th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, along with João de Lucca, Fernando Santos, and Vinícius Waked.
At the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Oliveira won a bronze medal in the Brazilian 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay, along with João de Lucca, Marcelo Chierighini, and Bruno Fratus. He also finished 5th in the 100-metre freestyle, 6th in the 200-metre freestyle, and 17th in the 50-metre freestyle.
At the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada, Oliveira won a gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay, where he broke the Pan Am Games record with a time of 7:11.15, along with Luiz Altamir Melo, Thiago Pereira and João de Lucca, and finished 5th in the 200-metre freestyle. He also won a gold medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, by participating at heats.
At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, he finished 15th in the Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, along with João de Lucca, Thiago Pereira and Luiz Altamir Melo., and 22nd in the Men's 200 metre freestyle.
Oliveira competed for the last time at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he went to the Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay final, finishing in 5th place. He also competed in the Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, where the Brazilian relay finished in 15th place, and in the Men's 100 metre freestyle, finishing 28th. At 29 years old, he said goodbye to swimming after three Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio 2016), and six World Championships (Melbourne 2007, Rome 2009, Dubai 2010, Shanghai 2011, Barcelona 2013 and Kazan 2015).
Nicolas Oliveira is the current holder, or former holder, of the following records:
Long course (50 m):
Short course (25 m): | [
{
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"text": "Nicolas Nilo César de Oliveira (born 4 August 1987) is a Brazilian former freestyle swimmer who specialized in sprint events.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Oliveira swam at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, where he finished 6th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, 14th in the 100-metre freestyle, 25th in the 200-metre freestyle, and was disqualified in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
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{
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"title": "International career"
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"title": "International career"
},
{
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"text": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, he participated in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay (where he was disqualified), 4 × 200-metre freestyle (16th place), and 4 × 100-metre medley (14th place).",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, along with César Cielo, Guilherme Roth, and Fernando Silva, he finished 4th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay; with Thiago Pereira, Rodrigo Castro, and Lucas Salatta, he got the 10th place in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle. He also competed in the 100-metre freestyle finals, placing 8th, and finished in 18th place in the 200-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He competed in the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, where he finished 5th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, 12th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 22nd in the 200-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "At the 2010 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) held in Dubai, the Brazilian national team, composed of César Cielo, Nicholas Santos, Marcelo Chierighini, and Nicolas Oliveira, won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle, with a time of 3:05.74 (South American record), with Brazil beating the American team. He also won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100-metre medley race, by participating at heats.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Participating in the 2011 World Aquatics Championships held in Shanghai, Oliviera finished 13th in the 200-metre freestyle, 9th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle, and 14th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "He was in 2011 Summer Universiade, where he won the silver medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Oliviera won the gold medal in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay and silver in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle. He also came in ninth place in the 200-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Oliveira finished 9th in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle and 24th in the 100-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Frustration with the result in England (24th in the 100-metre freestyle) made the Brazilian withdraw from swimming for six months. Oliveira went through a difficult process to rebuild, but he returned to compete.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "At the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, he finished seventh in the 4 ×100-metre freestyle, along with Fernando Santos, Marcelo Chierighini, and Vinícius Waked. In the 200-metre freestyle, Oliveira classified to the semifinals with the best time of his life without super suits, 1:46.99. In the semifinals, he swam a half second above the qualification time, finishing 11th. He also finished 11th in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle, along with João de Lucca, Fernando Santos, and Vinícius Waked.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "At the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Oliveira won a bronze medal in the Brazilian 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay, along with João de Lucca, Marcelo Chierighini, and Bruno Fratus. He also finished 5th in the 100-metre freestyle, 6th in the 200-metre freestyle, and 17th in the 50-metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "At the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada, Oliveira won a gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay, where he broke the Pan Am Games record with a time of 7:11.15, along with Luiz Altamir Melo, Thiago Pereira and João de Lucca, and finished 5th in the 200-metre freestyle. He also won a gold medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, by participating at heats.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, he finished 15th in the Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, along with João de Lucca, Thiago Pereira and Luiz Altamir Melo., and 22nd in the Men's 200 metre freestyle.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Oliveira competed for the last time at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he went to the Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay final, finishing in 5th place. He also competed in the Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, where the Brazilian relay finished in 15th place, and in the Men's 100 metre freestyle, finishing 28th. At 29 years old, he said goodbye to swimming after three Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio 2016), and six World Championships (Melbourne 2007, Rome 2009, Dubai 2010, Shanghai 2011, Barcelona 2013 and Kazan 2015).",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Nicolas Oliveira is the current holder, or former holder, of the following records:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Long course (50 m):",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Short course (25 m):",
"title": "Records"
}
] | Nicolas Nilo César de Oliveira is a Brazilian former freestyle swimmer who specialized in sprint events. | 2023-12-07T04:44:11Z | 2023-12-07T04:46:19Z | [
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75,505,151 | 1963–64 Irani Cup | The 1963–64 Irani Cup, was the 3rd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1962–63 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 27 to 29 March 1964. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1963–64 Irani Cup, was the 3rd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1962–63 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 27 to 29 March 1964.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 1963–64 Irani Cup, was the 3rd edition of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was played as a one-off match between Bombay, the winners of the 1962–63 Ranji Trophy, and Rest of India, from 27 to 29 March 1964. | 2023-12-07T04:54:14Z | 2023-12-29T05:23:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Irani_Cup |
75,505,163 | 1985 Japanese Formula 2 Championship | The 1985 Japanese Formula Two Championship was contested over 8 rounds. 15 teams, 23 drivers, 5 chassis and 3 engines competed.
For every race points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 15 for runner-up, 12 for third place, 10 for fourth place, 8 for fifth place, 6 for sixth place, 4 for seventh place, 3 for eighth place, 2 for ninth place and 1 for tenth place. No additional points were awarded. The best six results count.
R=retired NC=not classified DNS=did not start | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1985 Japanese Formula Two Championship was contested over 8 rounds. 15 teams, 23 drivers, 5 chassis and 3 engines competed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "For every race points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 15 for runner-up, 12 for third place, 10 for fourth place, 8 for fifth place, 6 for sixth place, 4 for seventh place, 3 for eighth place, 2 for ninth place and 1 for tenth place. No additional points were awarded. The best six results count.",
"title": "Final point standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "Final point standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "R=retired NC=not classified DNS=did not start",
"title": "Finishing results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Finishing results"
}
] | Comment: One source is not enough. It is recommended to have more. NoobThreePointOh (talk) 11:35, 12 December 2023 (UTC) The 1985 Japanese Formula Two Championship was contested over 8 rounds. 15 teams, 23 drivers, 5 chassis and 3 engines competed. | 2023-12-07T04:56:08Z | 2023-12-22T11:35:06Z | [
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75,505,165 | Johntay Cook II | Johntay Cook II is an American football wide receiver for the Texas Longhorns | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Johntay Cook II is an American football wide receiver for the Texas Longhorns",
"title": ""
}
] | Johntay Cook II is an American football wide receiver for the Texas Longhorns | 2023-12-07T04:56:38Z | 2023-12-07T07:33:04Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johntay_Cook_II |
75,505,176 | Sohag Chand | Sohag Chand is a 2022 Indian Bengali Drama television series that released from 28 November 2022 on Colors Bangla. The series is produced under the banner of Surinder Films. It stars Anwesha Mukhopadhyay and Abhishek Veer Sharma in lead roles. It is an official remake of Marathi TV series Sundara Manamadhe Bharli. | [
{
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"text": "Sohag Chand is a 2022 Indian Bengali Drama television series that released from 28 November 2022 on Colors Bangla. The series is produced under the banner of Surinder Films. It stars Anwesha Mukhopadhyay and Abhishek Veer Sharma in lead roles. It is an official remake of Marathi TV series Sundara Manamadhe Bharli.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sohag Chand is a 2022 Indian Bengali Drama television series that released from 28 November 2022 on Colors Bangla. The series is produced under the banner of Surinder Films. It stars Anwesha Mukhopadhyay and Abhishek Veer Sharma in lead roles. It is an official remake of Marathi TV series Sundara Manamadhe Bharli. | 2023-12-07T05:00:22Z | 2023-12-28T09:48:22Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohag_Chand |
75,505,178 | SEAL Awards | SEAL Awards are an environmental advocacy organization that uses annual awards for businesses and journalists to support environmental initiatives and to fund grants in the field of policy research. The name is an acronym for sustainability, environmental achievement, and leadership. The Awards were created in 2017 by businessman Matt Harney.
These awards honor corporate sustainability initiatives, sustainable products, and environmentally responsible innovation. Application fees for this award fund social impact campaigns and research grants.
Twelve journalists each year receive recognition for environmental reporting, particularly investigative journalism. Past award winners include writers for traditional news media such as The Guardian and more recent, web-based platforms like Grist and Mongabay.
SEAL Awards have advocated for the creation of a credit card whose interchange fees would pay into climate change programs rather than a traditional credit rewards program, targeted cup waste in the Starbucks café chain and Yelp reviews of restaurants using plastic straws, and endorsed Jay Inslee for the 2020 United States presidential campaign. The environmental rewards credit card was presented as an open-source concept in a detailed business case launch memo.
The research award is a monetary grant for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers at the beginning of their careers in environmental policy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "SEAL Awards are an environmental advocacy organization that uses annual awards for businesses and journalists to support environmental initiatives and to fund grants in the field of policy research. The name is an acronym for sustainability, environmental achievement, and leadership. The Awards were created in 2017 by businessman Matt Harney.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "These awards honor corporate sustainability initiatives, sustainable products, and environmentally responsible innovation. Application fees for this award fund social impact campaigns and research grants.",
"title": "Award categories"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Twelve journalists each year receive recognition for environmental reporting, particularly investigative journalism. Past award winners include writers for traditional news media such as The Guardian and more recent, web-based platforms like Grist and Mongabay.",
"title": "Award categories"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "SEAL Awards have advocated for the creation of a credit card whose interchange fees would pay into climate change programs rather than a traditional credit rewards program, targeted cup waste in the Starbucks café chain and Yelp reviews of restaurants using plastic straws, and endorsed Jay Inslee for the 2020 United States presidential campaign. The environmental rewards credit card was presented as an open-source concept in a detailed business case launch memo.",
"title": "Award categories"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The research award is a monetary grant for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers at the beginning of their careers in environmental policy.",
"title": "Award categories"
}
] | SEAL Awards are an environmental advocacy organization that uses annual awards for businesses and journalists to support environmental initiatives and to fund grants in the field of policy research. The name is an acronym for sustainability, environmental achievement, and leadership. The Awards were created in 2017 by businessman Matt Harney. | 2023-12-07T05:01:42Z | 2023-12-14T14:59:40Z | [
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75,505,181 | Dhaka First Division Cricket League | The Dhaka First Division Cricket League, is a club one-day cricket tournament in Bangladesh. It is the second division of the Bangladeshi 50 over cricket league system. Administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, it is contested by 20 teams, with the top two teams of super league promoted to the List A-level tournament Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League and replaced by the two lowest-placed teams in that division. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Dhaka First Division Cricket League, is a club one-day cricket tournament in Bangladesh. It is the second division of the Bangladeshi 50 over cricket league system. Administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, it is contested by 20 teams, with the top two teams of super league promoted to the List A-level tournament Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League and replaced by the two lowest-placed teams in that division.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Dhaka First Division Cricket League, is a club one-day cricket tournament in Bangladesh. It is the second division of the Bangladeshi 50 over cricket league system. Administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, it is contested by 20 teams, with the top two teams of super league promoted to the List A-level tournament Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League and replaced by the two lowest-placed teams in that division. | 2023-12-07T05:02:52Z | 2023-12-17T03:59:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka_First_Division_Cricket_League |
75,505,221 | Your Lie in April (musical) | Your Lie in April is the musical theatre adaptation of the manga series Your Lie in April written and illustrated by Naoshi Arakawa. The show features an original score by Broadway composer Frank Wildhorn, a Japanese book by Riko Sakaguchi, lyrics by Tracy Miller and Carly Robyn Green, and arrangements and orchestrations by Jason Howland. The show is a co-production between Toho Co. Ltd. and Fuji Television.
After delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the show made its world premiere in May 2022 at the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, directed by Ikko Ueda. The original Japanese cast featured Yuta Koseki and Tatsunari Kimura as Kosei Arima (double cast), Jpop singer Erika Ikuta as Kaori Miyazono, Fuka Yuzuki as Tsubaki Sawabe, and Koka Mizuta and Takuto Teranishi as Ryota Watari (double cast). A nationwide tour followed throughout Japan, featuring the original cast.
In November 2023, an English-language concert staging was announced, with an English-language book by Rinne B. Groff and direction by Nick Winston. This English-language production based on the Japanese original, is produced by Carter Dixon MCGill Productions and Indie Theatricals. The European premiere is set for April 2024 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on London's West End.
A cast album was released in 2020, featuring Erika Ikuta, Yuta Koseki, Tatsunari Kimura, Fuka Yuzuki, and Kouki Mizuta. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Your Lie in April is the musical theatre adaptation of the manga series Your Lie in April written and illustrated by Naoshi Arakawa. The show features an original score by Broadway composer Frank Wildhorn, a Japanese book by Riko Sakaguchi, lyrics by Tracy Miller and Carly Robyn Green, and arrangements and orchestrations by Jason Howland. The show is a co-production between Toho Co. Ltd. and Fuji Television.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the show made its world premiere in May 2022 at the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, directed by Ikko Ueda. The original Japanese cast featured Yuta Koseki and Tatsunari Kimura as Kosei Arima (double cast), Jpop singer Erika Ikuta as Kaori Miyazono, Fuka Yuzuki as Tsubaki Sawabe, and Koka Mizuta and Takuto Teranishi as Ryota Watari (double cast). A nationwide tour followed throughout Japan, featuring the original cast.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "In November 2023, an English-language concert staging was announced, with an English-language book by Rinne B. Groff and direction by Nick Winston. This English-language production based on the Japanese original, is produced by Carter Dixon MCGill Productions and Indie Theatricals. The European premiere is set for April 2024 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on London's West End.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A cast album was released in 2020, featuring Erika Ikuta, Yuta Koseki, Tatsunari Kimura, Fuka Yuzuki, and Kouki Mizuta.",
"title": "Cast Albums & Recordings"
}
] | Your Lie in April is the musical theatre adaptation of the manga series Your Lie in April written and illustrated by Naoshi Arakawa. The show features an original score by Broadway composer Frank Wildhorn, a Japanese book by Riko Sakaguchi, lyrics by Tracy Miller and Carly Robyn Green, and arrangements and orchestrations by Jason Howland. The show is a co-production between Toho Co. Ltd. and Fuji Television. After delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the show made its world premiere in May 2022 at the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, directed by Ikko Ueda. The original Japanese cast featured Yuta Koseki and Tatsunari Kimura as Kosei Arima, Jpop singer Erika Ikuta as Kaori Miyazono, Fuka Yuzuki as Tsubaki Sawabe, and Koka Mizuta and Takuto Teranishi as Ryota Watari. A nationwide tour followed throughout Japan, featuring the original cast. In November 2023, an English-language concert staging was announced, with an English-language book by Rinne B. Groff and direction by Nick Winston. This English-language production based on the Japanese original, is produced by Carter Dixon MCGill Productions and Indie Theatricals. The European premiere is set for April 2024 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on London's West End. | 2023-12-07T05:09:55Z | 2023-12-27T21:13:03Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your_Lie_in_April_(musical) |
75,505,241 | Maintaining Classroom Discipline | Maintaining Classroom Discipline is a 1947 short film by McGraw-Hill, giving teaching advice to trainee teachers over how to manage secondary school students. The film is 13 minutes long.
In the 2000s academics at University of Northampton in the United Kingdom placed the film on the Behaviour4Learning website; by February 2009 it had a view count that exceeded 3,000, and was described by Kerra Madern of The Times Educational Supplement as "consistently the most popular resource on the website." In 2009 Donald MacLeod of The Guardian wrote that among British primary and secondary school instructors, the film became "has taken off".
Richard H. Williams, of the University of Wisconsin, stated in a 1953 journal article that the film "performs an adequate function in displaying good classroom management procedures." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Maintaining Classroom Discipline is a 1947 short film by McGraw-Hill, giving teaching advice to trainee teachers over how to manage secondary school students. The film is 13 minutes long.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the 2000s academics at University of Northampton in the United Kingdom placed the film on the Behaviour4Learning website; by February 2009 it had a view count that exceeded 3,000, and was described by Kerra Madern of The Times Educational Supplement as \"consistently the most popular resource on the website.\" In 2009 Donald MacLeod of The Guardian wrote that among British primary and secondary school instructors, the film became \"has taken off\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Richard H. Williams, of the University of Wisconsin, stated in a 1953 journal article that the film \"performs an adequate function in displaying good classroom management procedures.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Maintaining Classroom Discipline is a 1947 short film by McGraw-Hill, giving teaching advice to trainee teachers over how to manage secondary school students. The film is 13 minutes long. In the 2000s academics at University of Northampton in the United Kingdom placed the film on the Behaviour4Learning website; by February 2009 it had a view count that exceeded 3,000, and was described by Kerra Madern of The Times Educational Supplement as "consistently the most popular resource on the website." In 2009 Donald MacLeod of The Guardian wrote that among British primary and secondary school instructors, the film became "has taken off". | 2023-12-07T05:15:47Z | 2023-12-19T02:08:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintaining_Classroom_Discipline |
75,505,275 | 1986 Motorcraft 500 | The 1986 Motorcraft 500 was the fourth stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, March 16, 1986, before an audience of 71,800 in Hampton, Georgia, at Atlanta International Raceway, a 1.522 miles (2.449 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway.
Faced with a final restart with four laps left in the race, Race Hill Farm Team's Morgan Shepherd managed to hold off the dominant driver of the day, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt in what is considered at the time to be a major upset. The victory was Shepherd's second career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Earnhardt and Hagan Enterprises' Terry Labonte finished second and third, respectively.
Atlanta Motor Speedway (formerly Atlanta International Raceway) is a 1.522-mile race track in Hampton, Georgia, United States, 20 miles (32 km) south of Atlanta. It has annually hosted NASCAR Winston Cup Series stock car races since its inauguration in 1960.
The venue was bought by Speedway Motorsports in 1990. In 1994, 46 condominiums were built over the northeastern side of the track. In 1997, to standardize the track with Speedway Motorsports' other two intermediate ovals, the entire track was almost completely rebuilt. The frontstretch and backstretch were swapped, and the configuration of the track was changed from oval to quad-oval, with a new official length of 1.54-mile (2.48 km) where before it was 1.522-mile (2.449 km). The project made the track one of the fastest on the NASCAR circuit.
Qualifying was originally scheduled to be split into two rounds. The first round was scheduled to be held on Friday, March 14, at 1:00 PM EST. Originally, the first 20 positions were going to be determined by first round qualifying, with positions 21-40 meant to be determined later in the day at 2:00 PM EST. However, due to rain, the first round was cancelled. As a result, qualifying was both delayed for over two hours and condensed into one round for all starting grid spots in the race. Depending on who needed it, a select amount of positions were given to cars who had not otherwise qualified but were high enough in owner's points; up to two were given.
Dale Earnhardt, driving for Richard Childress Racing, won the pole, setting a time of 32.096 and an average speed of 170.713 miles per hour (274.736 km/h).
Six drivers failed to qualify. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1986 Motorcraft 500 was the fourth stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, March 16, 1986, before an audience of 71,800 in Hampton, Georgia, at Atlanta International Raceway, a 1.522 miles (2.449 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Faced with a final restart with four laps left in the race, Race Hill Farm Team's Morgan Shepherd managed to hold off the dominant driver of the day, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt in what is considered at the time to be a major upset. The victory was Shepherd's second career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Earnhardt and Hagan Enterprises' Terry Labonte finished second and third, respectively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Atlanta Motor Speedway (formerly Atlanta International Raceway) is a 1.522-mile race track in Hampton, Georgia, United States, 20 miles (32 km) south of Atlanta. It has annually hosted NASCAR Winston Cup Series stock car races since its inauguration in 1960.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The venue was bought by Speedway Motorsports in 1990. In 1994, 46 condominiums were built over the northeastern side of the track. In 1997, to standardize the track with Speedway Motorsports' other two intermediate ovals, the entire track was almost completely rebuilt. The frontstretch and backstretch were swapped, and the configuration of the track was changed from oval to quad-oval, with a new official length of 1.54-mile (2.48 km) where before it was 1.522-mile (2.449 km). The project made the track one of the fastest on the NASCAR circuit.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Qualifying was originally scheduled to be split into two rounds. The first round was scheduled to be held on Friday, March 14, at 1:00 PM EST. Originally, the first 20 positions were going to be determined by first round qualifying, with positions 21-40 meant to be determined later in the day at 2:00 PM EST. However, due to rain, the first round was cancelled. As a result, qualifying was both delayed for over two hours and condensed into one round for all starting grid spots in the race. Depending on who needed it, a select amount of positions were given to cars who had not otherwise qualified but were high enough in owner's points; up to two were given.",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
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"text": "Dale Earnhardt, driving for Richard Childress Racing, won the pole, setting a time of 32.096 and an average speed of 170.713 miles per hour (274.736 km/h).",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Six drivers failed to qualify.",
"title": "Qualifying"
}
] | The 1986 Motorcraft 500 was the fourth stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, March 16, 1986, before an audience of 71,800 in Hampton, Georgia, at Atlanta International Raceway, a 1.522 miles (2.449 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway. Faced with a final restart with four laps left in the race, Race Hill Farm Team's Morgan Shepherd managed to hold off the dominant driver of the day, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt in what is considered at the time to be a major upset. The victory was Shepherd's second career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Earnhardt and Hagan Enterprises' Terry Labonte finished second and third, respectively. | 2023-12-07T05:28:14Z | 2024-01-01T00:36:24Z | [
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75,505,285 | MuJoCo | MuJoCo, short for Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact, is a general purpose physics engine that is tailored to scientific use cases such as robotics, biomechanics and machine learning. It was announced in 2012 via a paper by Emanuel Todorov, Tom Erez, and Yuval Tassa, and later commercialized under Roboti LLC.
MuJoCo was acquired by Google DeepMind in October 2021 and open-sourced under the Apache 2.0 license in May 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "MuJoCo, short for Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact, is a general purpose physics engine that is tailored to scientific use cases such as robotics, biomechanics and machine learning. It was announced in 2012 via a paper by Emanuel Todorov, Tom Erez, and Yuval Tassa, and later commercialized under Roboti LLC.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "MuJoCo was acquired by Google DeepMind in October 2021 and open-sourced under the Apache 2.0 license in May 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | MuJoCo, short for Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact, is a general purpose physics engine that is tailored to scientific use cases such as robotics, biomechanics and machine learning. It was announced in 2012 via a paper by Emanuel Todorov, Tom Erez, and Yuval Tassa, and later commercialized under Roboti LLC. MuJoCo was acquired by Google DeepMind in October 2021 and open-sourced under the Apache 2.0 license in May 2022. | 2023-12-07T05:31:10Z | 2023-12-27T12:49:02Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Software-stub",
"Template:Third-party"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MuJoCo |
75,505,305 | 2024 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament | The 2024 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the upcoming postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southern Conference for the 2023–24 season. All tournament games will be played at the Harrah's Cherokee Center in Asheville, North Carolina, from March 8–11, 2024. The winner of the tournament will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament.
All ten teams in the Southern Conference will be eligible to compete in the conference tournament. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. The top six teams will receive first-round byes. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the upcoming postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southern Conference for the 2023–24 season. All tournament games will be played at the Harrah's Cherokee Center in Asheville, North Carolina, from March 8–11, 2024. The winner of the tournament will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All ten teams in the Southern Conference will be eligible to compete in the conference tournament. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. The top six teams will receive first-round byes.",
"title": "Seeds"
}
] | The 2024 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament is the upcoming postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southern Conference for the 2023–24 season. All tournament games will be played at the Harrah's Cherokee Center in Asheville, North Carolina, from March 8–11, 2024. The winner of the tournament will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. | 2023-12-07T05:36:27Z | 2023-12-16T19:54:05Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Southern_Conference_men%27s_basketball_tournament |
75,505,306 | Len Lindeque | Leonard Nico Lindeque (born 1936) is a South African cartoonist and actor. He was one of the most famous Afrikaans cartoonists.
Lindeque was born to an affluent family in 1936 in Brakpan, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Johannesburg in Gauteng, South Africa. He studied at Brakpan Bible Collegeand became director of Rooi Rose in 1960. He then worked for 10 years at Rapport, before becoming the official cartoonist for Die Vaderland, an Afrikaans newspaper.
Lindeque was also an actor and musician and was fluent in multiple languages, being described as a Renaissance man. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Leonard Nico Lindeque (born 1936) is a South African cartoonist and actor. He was one of the most famous Afrikaans cartoonists.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lindeque was born to an affluent family in 1936 in Brakpan, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Johannesburg in Gauteng, South Africa. He studied at Brakpan Bible Collegeand became director of Rooi Rose in 1960. He then worked for 10 years at Rapport, before becoming the official cartoonist for Die Vaderland, an Afrikaans newspaper.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lindeque was also an actor and musician and was fluent in multiple languages, being described as a Renaissance man.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Leonard Nico Lindeque is a South African cartoonist and actor. He was one of the most famous Afrikaans cartoonists. | 2023-12-07T05:36:34Z | 2023-12-10T17:08:55Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Lindeque |
75,505,312 | Mount Zor | Mount Zor (Turkish: Zor Dağı), is a mountain in northeastern Turkey. It is located in the west of Mount Ararat. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mount Zor (Turkish: Zor Dağı), is a mountain in northeastern Turkey. It is located in the west of Mount Ararat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Geology and geomorphology"
}
] | Mount Zor, is a mountain in northeastern Turkey. It is located in the west of Mount Ararat. | 2023-12-07T05:39:06Z | 2023-12-07T05:50:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Zor |
75,505,314 | Goalball at the 2023 Parapan American Games | Goalball competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Paralympic Training Center from 18 to 24 November 2023.
The winner in each tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
There are 95 players from 10 nations participating in the games.
* Host nation (Chile) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Goalball competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Paralympic Training Center from 18 to 24 November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The winner in each tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "There are 95 players from 10 nations participating in the games.",
"title": "Participating nations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "* Host nation (Chile)",
"title": "Medal summary"
}
] | Goalball competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Paralympic Training Center from 18 to 24 November 2023. The winner in each tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics. | 2023-12-07T05:40:12Z | 2023-12-10T17:26:08Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalball_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games |
75,505,319 | Acacia curryana | Acacia curryana, also known as Suzanne’s golden-pod wattle, is a shrub of the genus Acacia that is native to Western Australia.
The species has a limited distribution within the Shire of Upper Gascoyne and Shire of Carnarvon. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Acacia curryana, also known as Suzanne’s golden-pod wattle, is a shrub of the genus Acacia that is native to Western Australia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The species has a limited distribution within the Shire of Upper Gascoyne and Shire of Carnarvon.",
"title": ""
}
] | Acacia curryana, also known as Suzanne’s golden-pod wattle, is a shrub of the genus Acacia that is native to Western Australia. The species has a limited distribution within the Shire of Upper Gascoyne and Shire of Carnarvon. | 2023-12-07T05:42:25Z | 2023-12-07T05:44:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_curryana |
75,505,326 | Eduard Erkes | August Eduard Erkes (23 July 1891 – 2 April 1958) was a German sinologist and ethnologist.
Eduard Erkes was born in Genoa to a German family that resided in Italy. His father Heinrich Erkes was a merchant and member of the German Social Democratic Party who later became an Icelandic scholar. Eduard spent his childhood in Cologne. After graduating from high school in 1910, he accompanied his father on a three-month geographical research expedition to Iceland. He then studied geology, geography, history and German studies at the University of Bonn. In 1911 he moved to Leipzig, where he devoted himself to sinology, general linguistics, cultural history and ethnology. In 1913 he received his doctorate in Leipzig under August Conrady with a thesis on The Calling Back of the Soul (Chao-hun) by Sung Yüh (a poet from the Warring States Period in the 3rd century BC).
From 1912 he worked as a volunteer and from 1913 to 1921 as a research assistant at the Museum of Ethnology in Leipzig . In 1916 he married the graphic artist Anna-Babette Conrady (1894–1986), daughter of his academic teacher. The following year he completed his habilitation at the University of Leipzig was appointed private lecturer in Chinese. He was professionally connected to the Leipzig School of Sinology, which emerged from the tradition of Georg von der Gabelentz and Erkes's teacher and father-in-law August Conrady. In 1919, Erkes joined the SPD and became an atheist.
From 1921 to 1933, Erkes was curator and head of the Asian department of the Ethnological Museum in Leipzig. His appointment as associate professor was initially rejected in 1925; It was not until 1928 that he was appointed non-scheduled associate professor of Chinese.
After the Nazis came to power in 1933, they burned Erkes’s atheistic book Wie Gott erschaffen wurde ("How God Was Created"). Subsequently, Erkes and his wife were banned from working after being denounced by Otto Kümmel. The two were accused of “political unreliability”. Due to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, the Saxon Ministry for National Education withdrew his venia legendi. From 1933 to 1943 Erkes worked as a private scholar in Leipzig. In the last two years of the war he was drafted into service as a bookstore assistant at the Harrassowitz Verlag.
After the end of the war, Erkes was reinstated as curator at the Leipzig Museum of Ethnology in July 1945 and also served as acting director of the museum until 1947. In August 1945 he was appointed adjunct professor, in April 1947 a full-time professor and finally in August 1948 full professor of Chinese studies at the University of Leipzig. As successor of André Wedemeyer, he also took over the management of the East Asian Seminar. He also gave lectures at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After the unification of the SPD and KPD in 1946, he became an active member of the Socialist Unity Party.
From 1950 he was a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences. On May 7, 1951, the East Asian Seminar at the University of Leipzig was upgraded to its own East Asian Institute, of which Erkes was director until his death in 1958. At the invitation of the Chinese government, he undertook another study trip to the People's Republic of China in 1954–1955.
Erkes was buried in the Leipzig Südfriedhof. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "August Eduard Erkes (23 July 1891 – 2 April 1958) was a German sinologist and ethnologist.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Eduard Erkes was born in Genoa to a German family that resided in Italy. His father Heinrich Erkes was a merchant and member of the German Social Democratic Party who later became an Icelandic scholar. Eduard spent his childhood in Cologne. After graduating from high school in 1910, he accompanied his father on a three-month geographical research expedition to Iceland. He then studied geology, geography, history and German studies at the University of Bonn. In 1911 he moved to Leipzig, where he devoted himself to sinology, general linguistics, cultural history and ethnology. In 1913 he received his doctorate in Leipzig under August Conrady with a thesis on The Calling Back of the Soul (Chao-hun) by Sung Yüh (a poet from the Warring States Period in the 3rd century BC).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From 1912 he worked as a volunteer and from 1913 to 1921 as a research assistant at the Museum of Ethnology in Leipzig . In 1916 he married the graphic artist Anna-Babette Conrady (1894–1986), daughter of his academic teacher. The following year he completed his habilitation at the University of Leipzig was appointed private lecturer in Chinese. He was professionally connected to the Leipzig School of Sinology, which emerged from the tradition of Georg von der Gabelentz and Erkes's teacher and father-in-law August Conrady. In 1919, Erkes joined the SPD and became an atheist.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From 1921 to 1933, Erkes was curator and head of the Asian department of the Ethnological Museum in Leipzig. His appointment as associate professor was initially rejected in 1925; It was not until 1928 that he was appointed non-scheduled associate professor of Chinese.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After the Nazis came to power in 1933, they burned Erkes’s atheistic book Wie Gott erschaffen wurde (\"How God Was Created\"). Subsequently, Erkes and his wife were banned from working after being denounced by Otto Kümmel. The two were accused of “political unreliability”. Due to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, the Saxon Ministry for National Education withdrew his venia legendi. From 1933 to 1943 Erkes worked as a private scholar in Leipzig. In the last two years of the war he was drafted into service as a bookstore assistant at the Harrassowitz Verlag.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After the end of the war, Erkes was reinstated as curator at the Leipzig Museum of Ethnology in July 1945 and also served as acting director of the museum until 1947. In August 1945 he was appointed adjunct professor, in April 1947 a full-time professor and finally in August 1948 full professor of Chinese studies at the University of Leipzig. As successor of André Wedemeyer, he also took over the management of the East Asian Seminar. He also gave lectures at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After the unification of the SPD and KPD in 1946, he became an active member of the Socialist Unity Party.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "From 1950 he was a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences. On May 7, 1951, the East Asian Seminar at the University of Leipzig was upgraded to its own East Asian Institute, of which Erkes was director until his death in 1958. At the invitation of the Chinese government, he undertook another study trip to the People's Republic of China in 1954–1955.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Erkes was buried in the Leipzig Südfriedhof.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | August Eduard Erkes was a German sinologist and ethnologist. | 2023-12-07T05:46:10Z | 2023-12-22T17:43:44Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Erkes |
75,505,334 | Black Eyed Dog | Black Eyed Dog is a Canadian drama film, directed by Pierre Gang and released in 2006. The film stars Sonya Salomaa as Betty, a waitress in the small Miramichi-area town of Riverton, New Brunswick, who is going through a personal crisis around her failed dreams of becoming a singer, amid the context of a serial killer terrorizing the area.
The cast also includes James Hyndman, David Boutin, Brendan Fletcher, Anne-Marie Cadieux, Fred Ewanuick, Nadia Litz, Gabriel Gascon, Vlasta Vrana, Charlie Rhindress and Bronwen Mantel in supporting roles.
The film premiered on August 5, 2006, at the Locarno Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere on August 26 at the Montreal World Film Festival.
Jason Anderson of The Globe and Mail wrote that the film was essentially a pale imitation of a David Adams Richards novel, faring especially poorly in comparison to the 2002 film adaptation of The Bay of Love and Sorrows.
François Laplante received two Jutra Award nominations at the 9th Jutra Awards in 2007, for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Black Eyed Dog is a Canadian drama film, directed by Pierre Gang and released in 2006. The film stars Sonya Salomaa as Betty, a waitress in the small Miramichi-area town of Riverton, New Brunswick, who is going through a personal crisis around her failed dreams of becoming a singer, amid the context of a serial killer terrorizing the area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The cast also includes James Hyndman, David Boutin, Brendan Fletcher, Anne-Marie Cadieux, Fred Ewanuick, Nadia Litz, Gabriel Gascon, Vlasta Vrana, Charlie Rhindress and Bronwen Mantel in supporting roles.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film premiered on August 5, 2006, at the Locarno Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere on August 26 at the Montreal World Film Festival.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Jason Anderson of The Globe and Mail wrote that the film was essentially a pale imitation of a David Adams Richards novel, faring especially poorly in comparison to the 2002 film adaptation of The Bay of Love and Sorrows.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "François Laplante received two Jutra Award nominations at the 9th Jutra Awards in 2007, for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Black Eyed Dog is a Canadian drama film, directed by Pierre Gang and released in 2006. The film stars Sonya Salomaa as Betty, a waitress in the small Miramichi-area town of Riverton, New Brunswick, who is going through a personal crisis around her failed dreams of becoming a singer, amid the context of a serial killer terrorizing the area. The cast also includes James Hyndman, David Boutin, Brendan Fletcher, Anne-Marie Cadieux, Fred Ewanuick, Nadia Litz, Gabriel Gascon, Vlasta Vrana, Charlie Rhindress and Bronwen Mantel in supporting roles. The film premiered on August 5, 2006, at the Locarno Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere on August 26 at the Montreal World Film Festival. Jason Anderson of The Globe and Mail wrote that the film was essentially a pale imitation of a David Adams Richards novel, faring especially poorly in comparison to the 2002 film adaptation of The Bay of Love and Sorrows. François Laplante received two Jutra Award nominations at the 9th Jutra Awards in 2007, for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. | 2023-12-07T05:49:09Z | 2023-12-09T01:31:35Z | [
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"Template:TCMDb title",
"Template:2000s-Canada-film-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
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"Template:IMDb title"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Eyed_Dog |
75,505,348 | 151 (disambiguation) | 151 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "151 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 151 may refer to: 151 (year)
151 (number)
Bacardi 151
Psalm 151
ZIS-151 | 2023-12-07T05:51:50Z | 2023-12-08T00:23:06Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/151_(disambiguation) |
75,505,351 | Sukharam Netdiya | Sukharam Netdiya is an Indian politician who served as a member of the 13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He is a member of Bhartiya Janta Party.
He represented Merta Assembly constituency in Nagaur district from 2008 to 2018. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sukharam Netdiya is an Indian politician who served as a member of the 13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He is a member of Bhartiya Janta Party.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He represented Merta Assembly constituency in Nagaur district from 2008 to 2018.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sukharam Netdiya is an Indian politician who served as a member of the 13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He is a member of Bhartiya Janta Party. He represented Merta Assembly constituency in Nagaur district from 2008 to 2018. | 2023-12-07T05:52:15Z | 2023-12-11T13:36:09Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
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"Template:Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub",
"Template:Unreliable sources",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukharam_Netdiya |
75,505,355 | Kang Hui | Kang Hui may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kang Hui may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Kang Hui may refer to: Kang Hui, personal name of Gonggong in Chinese mythology
Kang Hui, Chinese news anchor
Kang Hui (actor), South Korean actor | 2023-12-07T05:53:14Z | 2023-12-07T05:58:08Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Hui |
75,505,361 | 152 (disambiguation) | 152 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "152 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 152 may refer to: 152 (year)
152 (number)
Cessna 152
Baade 152
UFC 152
152 (album) | 2023-12-07T05:54:21Z | 2023-12-07T20:09:31Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152_(disambiguation) |
75,505,367 | Kurumizawa | Kurumizawa (Japanese: 胡桃沢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people and fictional characters with this surname include:
== Fictional characters | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kurumizawa (Japanese: 胡桃沢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people and fictional characters with this surname include:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "== Fictional characters",
"title": "Real people"
}
] | Kurumizawa is a Japanese surname. Notable people and fictional characters with this surname include: | 2023-12-07T05:56:08Z | 2023-12-07T05:56:22Z | [
"Template:Lang-ja",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Surname"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurumizawa |
75,505,371 | 153 (disambiguation) | 153 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "153 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 153 may refer to: 153 (year)
153 (number)
153 series
Untitled #153
Sonnet 153 | 2023-12-07T05:56:47Z | 2023-12-07T18:59:31Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/153_(disambiguation) |
75,505,385 | 154 (disambiguation) | 154 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "154 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 154 may refer to: 154 (year)
154 (number)
154 (album)
UFC 154
Kosmos 154
Ross 154
Sonnet 154 | 2023-12-07T05:59:02Z | 2023-12-07T06:02:33Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/154_(disambiguation) |
75,505,396 | 155 (disambiguation) | 155 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "155 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 155 may refer to: 155 (year)
155 (number)
RCH 155
Alfa Romeo 155
UFC 155
SMArt 155 | 2023-12-07T06:01:52Z | 2023-12-07T18:59:57Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/155_(disambiguation) |
75,505,408 | 156 (disambiguation) | 156 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "156 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 156 may refer to: 156 (year)
156 (number)
UFC 156
Alfa Romeo 156
Martin 156
Radical 156
Lectionary 156 | 2023-12-07T06:05:19Z | 2023-12-07T19:00:27Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/156_(disambiguation) |
75,505,419 | 157 (disambiguation) | 157 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "157 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 157 may refer to: 157 (year)
157 (number)
UFC 157
ONE 157
Radical 157
NGC 157
157 series | 2023-12-07T06:08:01Z | 2023-12-07T06:08:47Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/157_(disambiguation) |
75,505,429 | 158 (disambiguation) | 158 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "158 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 158 may refer to: 158 (year)
158 (number)
Ferrari 158
UFC 158
PS 158
ONE 158 | 2023-12-07T06:11:00Z | 2023-12-07T06:11:49Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/158_(disambiguation) |
75,505,442 | 159 (disambiguation) | 159 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "159 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 159 may refer to: 159 (year)
159 (number)
UFC 159
Alfa Romeo 159
159 series
Lectionary 159 | 2023-12-07T06:12:59Z | 2023-12-07T06:13:36Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/159_(disambiguation) |
75,505,456 | Mtendeli Refugee Camp | Mtendeli Refugee Camp is a refugee camp located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania.
Mtendeli Refugee Camp is located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. It is situated 120 km from the town of Kasulu, 25 km from the border covering an area of 1,500 Hectares.
Mtendeli Refugee Camp was opened on January 14, 2016, as an emergency response to receive 40,000 Burundian refugees relocated from Nyarugusu refugee camp to Nduta and Mtendeli refugee camps. The camp is managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Tanzanian government.
As of 14 January 2016, the camp was hosting 40,213 refugees majority of whom were from Burundi and as of 2021, the camp was accommodating 10,989 refugees living in 2,576 households. The camp community organization is structured in a hierarchical structure consisting of three administrative layers: Zones, Villages, and Blocs. At the Zone level, 10 zonal leaders oversee the operations. Each Zone is further divided into Villages, with a total of 93 village leaders responsible for their management. Finally, within each Village, 1397 bloc leaders handle specific tasks and ensure smooth functioning. The camp chairman leads all zonal leaders and their deputies.
As of 14 January 2016, the following services were available in the camp: 1 hospital, 1 health post, 3 primary schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 youth centers, 1 food distribution center, 1 nonfood distribution center, 2 police posts, 1 common market, 1 camp based market, and 57 solar street lights. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mtendeli Refugee Camp is a refugee camp located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mtendeli Refugee Camp is located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. It is situated 120 km from the town of Kasulu, 25 km from the border covering an area of 1,500 Hectares.",
"title": "Location"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mtendeli Refugee Camp was opened on January 14, 2016, as an emergency response to receive 40,000 Burundian refugees relocated from Nyarugusu refugee camp to Nduta and Mtendeli refugee camps. The camp is managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Tanzanian government.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As of 14 January 2016, the camp was hosting 40,213 refugees majority of whom were from Burundi and as of 2021, the camp was accommodating 10,989 refugees living in 2,576 households. The camp community organization is structured in a hierarchical structure consisting of three administrative layers: Zones, Villages, and Blocs. At the Zone level, 10 zonal leaders oversee the operations. Each Zone is further divided into Villages, with a total of 93 village leaders responsible for their management. Finally, within each Village, 1397 bloc leaders handle specific tasks and ensure smooth functioning. The camp chairman leads all zonal leaders and their deputies.",
"title": "Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 14 January 2016, the following services were available in the camp: 1 hospital, 1 health post, 3 primary schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 youth centers, 1 food distribution center, 1 nonfood distribution center, 2 police posts, 1 common market, 1 camp based market, and 57 solar street lights.",
"title": "Services"
}
] | Mtendeli Refugee Camp is a refugee camp located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. | 2023-12-07T06:14:39Z | 2023-12-17T17:37:15Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use Kenyan English",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox settlement"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtendeli_Refugee_Camp |
75,505,457 | 160 (disambiguation) | 160 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "160 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 160 may refer to: 160 (year)
160 (number)
UFC 160
Tuvli 160
Cine 160 | 2023-12-07T06:14:53Z | 2023-12-07T06:16:54Z | [
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160_(disambiguation) |
75,505,459 | Swaddled infant votive | Swaddled baby votives are figures of babies offered as an entreaty to a god or goddess, for healthy pregnancy and childbirth. They have been recovered from ancient Italian Roman temple sanctuary sites.
In ancient Rome, family was important to create new citizens and widen political dimensions. The newborn Roman these votives represent had faced an uphill battle to make it through to this milestone. It is common in Roman antiquity for women to experience high infertility and mortality (1 in 50). Women married young, and it was expected of them that they would procreate successfully early into the marriage and often. Many things could go wrong and affected her fertility in this endeavor and her ability to survive the pregnancy.
Newborns as well experienced a high mortality rate (up to 35%) for a myriad of reasons. In fact, there was the possibility that the pater familias (legal head of the family) legally might deem them unworthy of life. It is common in circumstances of high infant mortality to refrain from bonding with or naming an infant. When the Roman child was 8 (for female) or 9 (for males) days old there was a Dies Lustricus (day of purification) ceremony whereupon they were officially named and entered society as a full-fledged Roman citizen. Within 30 days the legitimate citizen child had to be registered in a declaration (professio) before a magistrate. The register of births displayed temporarily in public and the permanent copy in the official state archives are further indications that an infant had a social and public persona.
After birth, a period of 40 days is described as critical and marked by various events and rights in the Roman world. The newborn baby gradually adjusted to its surroundings. After the forty day milestone was reached, the baby was released from the swaddling bands in which it had been wrapped since birth. As such, it is thought that Roman swaddled baby votives must represent infants during the first 40 days of life. This would be when the votive would be offered. The unwrapping of the swaddling clothes represented a stronger, healthier child.
Votives are gifts to gods by worshippers. In this instance they are given to gods in gratitude for the fulfillment of the vow to the god for divine favor. Unlike anatomical votives which are made to resemble a body part, the swaddled baby votive is assumed to represent the child's body in its entirety. For example, at the temple of Mater Matuta in Satricum, archaeologists discovered votive models of wombs, figurines of women with children, and terracotta swaddled infants.
Due to high infant mortality rates and complications with infertility, either parent could offer vows to deities in the hopes for successful pregnancies and the survival of the child. Sometimes described as an Ex voto, their dedication and deposition can be understood to be thank offerings for the fulfillment of oaths to a deity for health expressing the reciprocal relationship between gods and humans. This religious offering dates to the 5th century BCE, heightened during the third century, before it declined significantly during the second century BCE.
The swaddled baby votives of ancient Italy were predominantly fabricated from terracotta but have been recorded also in metal (bronze, gold, silver) and tufa. They can range in size from fitting in the palm of your hand to life-sized. These swaddled human representations were seemingly modeled to lay down, lean, or hang as they are created flat on the back.
The votives featured a healthy cherubic face for the most part and the styling of the swaddle banding is geometrical. The way the simulated child is wrapped varies in detail. Some, evidentially male, feature bulla (amulets), some have exposed toes, and some wear hats. These features reveal details about social status, locale, time period or even the choices of the individual craftsman. There is a distinct lack of epigraphic evidence for decisive definition.
Swaddled baby votives, have been found in regions including but not exclusively Etruria, Latium, Campania. It is problematic to determine details about their placement within the temple as they are, with few exceptions, discovered in sanctuary pits. The votive was placed and left for a period of time within the temple, the ultimately when space was needed the accumulating votives would be removed and relocated to their ultimate destination on the sanctuary grounds. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Swaddled baby votives are figures of babies offered as an entreaty to a god or goddess, for healthy pregnancy and childbirth. They have been recovered from ancient Italian Roman temple sanctuary sites.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In ancient Rome, family was important to create new citizens and widen political dimensions. The newborn Roman these votives represent had faced an uphill battle to make it through to this milestone. It is common in Roman antiquity for women to experience high infertility and mortality (1 in 50). Women married young, and it was expected of them that they would procreate successfully early into the marriage and often. Many things could go wrong and affected her fertility in this endeavor and her ability to survive the pregnancy.",
"title": "The Roman child"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Newborns as well experienced a high mortality rate (up to 35%) for a myriad of reasons. In fact, there was the possibility that the pater familias (legal head of the family) legally might deem them unworthy of life. It is common in circumstances of high infant mortality to refrain from bonding with or naming an infant. When the Roman child was 8 (for female) or 9 (for males) days old there was a Dies Lustricus (day of purification) ceremony whereupon they were officially named and entered society as a full-fledged Roman citizen. Within 30 days the legitimate citizen child had to be registered in a declaration (professio) before a magistrate. The register of births displayed temporarily in public and the permanent copy in the official state archives are further indications that an infant had a social and public persona.",
"title": "The Roman child"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After birth, a period of 40 days is described as critical and marked by various events and rights in the Roman world. The newborn baby gradually adjusted to its surroundings. After the forty day milestone was reached, the baby was released from the swaddling bands in which it had been wrapped since birth. As such, it is thought that Roman swaddled baby votives must represent infants during the first 40 days of life. This would be when the votive would be offered. The unwrapping of the swaddling clothes represented a stronger, healthier child.",
"title": "The Roman child"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Votives are gifts to gods by worshippers. In this instance they are given to gods in gratitude for the fulfillment of the vow to the god for divine favor. Unlike anatomical votives which are made to resemble a body part, the swaddled baby votive is assumed to represent the child's body in its entirety. For example, at the temple of Mater Matuta in Satricum, archaeologists discovered votive models of wombs, figurines of women with children, and terracotta swaddled infants.",
"title": "Votives"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Due to high infant mortality rates and complications with infertility, either parent could offer vows to deities in the hopes for successful pregnancies and the survival of the child. Sometimes described as an Ex voto, their dedication and deposition can be understood to be thank offerings for the fulfillment of oaths to a deity for health expressing the reciprocal relationship between gods and humans. This religious offering dates to the 5th century BCE, heightened during the third century, before it declined significantly during the second century BCE.",
"title": "Votives"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The swaddled baby votives of ancient Italy were predominantly fabricated from terracotta but have been recorded also in metal (bronze, gold, silver) and tufa. They can range in size from fitting in the palm of your hand to life-sized. These swaddled human representations were seemingly modeled to lay down, lean, or hang as they are created flat on the back.",
"title": "Stylization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The votives featured a healthy cherubic face for the most part and the styling of the swaddle banding is geometrical. The way the simulated child is wrapped varies in detail. Some, evidentially male, feature bulla (amulets), some have exposed toes, and some wear hats. These features reveal details about social status, locale, time period or even the choices of the individual craftsman. There is a distinct lack of epigraphic evidence for decisive definition.",
"title": "Stylization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Swaddled baby votives, have been found in regions including but not exclusively Etruria, Latium, Campania. It is problematic to determine details about their placement within the temple as they are, with few exceptions, discovered in sanctuary pits. The votive was placed and left for a period of time within the temple, the ultimately when space was needed the accumulating votives would be removed and relocated to their ultimate destination on the sanctuary grounds.",
"title": "Location"
}
] | Swaddled baby votives are figures of babies offered as an entreaty to a god or goddess, for healthy pregnancy and childbirth. They have been recovered from ancient Italian Roman temple sanctuary sites. | 2023-11-16T01:49:00Z | 2023-12-29T21:37:04Z | [
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75,505,466 | 161 (disambiguation) | 161 may refer to: | [
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "161 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 161 may refer to: 161 (year)
161 (number)
UFC 161
161 Athor
Radical 161 | 2023-12-07T06:17:00Z | 2023-12-07T06:18:19Z | [
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/161_(disambiguation) |
75,505,468 | Sincerely, Benson | Sincerely, Benson is the debut studio album of Nigerian singer Bnxn which peaked number 11 on the Billboard World Albums chart.
The 15-track album was released on 5 October 2023, through T.Y.E, and Empire Music. Sincerely, Benson is the follow up album of Bad Since '97 extended play. The album included guest appearances from Nigerian indigenous artists such as Headie One, Kizz Daniel, Seyi Vibez, taves, 2Baba and Popcaan. It also features producers such as Jae5, Blaisebeatz, Sarz, Dro, Tempoe, Magicsticks, ATG, LeriQ, Davinchiii and Denzl. The album is a mixture of Afrobeats, Afro-fusion, Amapiano, Dancehall and Gospel. Sincerely, Benson was among the list of the most streamed albums in Nigeria. On an interview with Nandy Mabiba from Apple Music Radio Africa, Bnxn noted that his album title Sincerely, Benson was inspired by Burna Boy.
Bnxn declared the start of his Sincerely, Benson Tour, which will make stops in a number of locations, including Washington, D.C., New York City, Atlanta, and Los Angeles, between October 15 and November 12 in Chicago and Toronto, respectively.
Adeayo Adebiyi, a music reporter for Pulse Nigeria stated that “Overall, 'Sincerely, BNXN' is an introspective body of work that delivers impressive penmanship and smooth delivery that has earned BNXN the admiration of fans and the respect of his colleagues”.
Reviewing for NotJustOk, Utere Naomi stated that “In terms of theme and delivery, 'Sincerely, Benson' aptly lives up to its name. The songs authentically reflect BNXN's life and style, providing listeners with a genuine glimpse into his world. However, there's room for improvement, and BNXN could benefit from further honing his craft”.
Esther Kalu from Premium Times stated that “Based on personal observations while following BNXN’s journey, he goes out more in collaborations than his solos. In that light, this review compared BNXN’s solo tracks and features in the Sincerely Benson album. It showed that he shines better in collaborative than solo songs”. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sincerely, Benson is the debut studio album of Nigerian singer Bnxn which peaked number 11 on the Billboard World Albums chart.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The 15-track album was released on 5 October 2023, through T.Y.E, and Empire Music. Sincerely, Benson is the follow up album of Bad Since '97 extended play. The album included guest appearances from Nigerian indigenous artists such as Headie One, Kizz Daniel, Seyi Vibez, taves, 2Baba and Popcaan. It also features producers such as Jae5, Blaisebeatz, Sarz, Dro, Tempoe, Magicsticks, ATG, LeriQ, Davinchiii and Denzl. The album is a mixture of Afrobeats, Afro-fusion, Amapiano, Dancehall and Gospel. Sincerely, Benson was among the list of the most streamed albums in Nigeria. On an interview with Nandy Mabiba from Apple Music Radio Africa, Bnxn noted that his album title Sincerely, Benson was inspired by Burna Boy.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Bnxn declared the start of his Sincerely, Benson Tour, which will make stops in a number of locations, including Washington, D.C., New York City, Atlanta, and Los Angeles, between October 15 and November 12 in Chicago and Toronto, respectively.",
"title": "Promotion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Adeayo Adebiyi, a music reporter for Pulse Nigeria stated that “Overall, 'Sincerely, BNXN' is an introspective body of work that delivers impressive penmanship and smooth delivery that has earned BNXN the admiration of fans and the respect of his colleagues”.",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Reviewing for NotJustOk, Utere Naomi stated that “In terms of theme and delivery, 'Sincerely, Benson' aptly lives up to its name. The songs authentically reflect BNXN's life and style, providing listeners with a genuine glimpse into his world. However, there's room for improvement, and BNXN could benefit from further honing his craft”.",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Esther Kalu from Premium Times stated that “Based on personal observations while following BNXN’s journey, he goes out more in collaborations than his solos. In that light, this review compared BNXN’s solo tracks and features in the Sincerely Benson album. It showed that he shines better in collaborative than solo songs”.",
"title": "Critical reception"
}
] | Sincerely, Benson is the debut studio album of Nigerian singer Bnxn which peaked number 11 on the Billboard World Albums chart. | 2023-12-07T06:17:47Z | 2023-12-26T11:28:35Z | [
"Template:Track listing",
"Template:Album ratings",
"Template:Hlist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox album"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sincerely,_Benson |
75,505,472 | 162 (disambiguation) | 162 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "162 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 162 may refer to: 162 (year)
162 (number)
UFC 162
162 Laurentia
Heinkel He 162
Radical 162 | 2023-12-07T06:20:43Z | 2023-12-07T06:21:09Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/162_(disambiguation) |
75,505,477 | 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League | The 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League is a 2022–23 season of Dhaka First Division Cricket League. This is a 50 over cricket competition that is being held in Bangladesh. It is being played by the 20 club teams. The tournament started on 6 January 2023 to 21 February 2023. Champion team will be promoted to 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League
Relegation League
Team relegated to the Dhaka Second Division Cricket League.
Point Table
Promoted to 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.
C = Champion | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League is a 2022–23 season of Dhaka First Division Cricket League. This is a 50 over cricket competition that is being held in Bangladesh. It is being played by the 20 club teams. The tournament started on 6 January 2023 to 21 February 2023. Champion team will be promoted to 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Relegation League",
"title": "Relegation League"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Team relegated to the Dhaka Second Division Cricket League.",
"title": "Relegation League"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Point Table",
"title": "Super League"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Promoted to 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.",
"title": "Super League"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "C = Champion",
"title": "Super League"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League is a 2022–23 season of Dhaka First Division Cricket League. This is a 50 over cricket competition that is being held in Bangladesh. It is being played by the 20 club teams. The tournament started on 6 January 2023 to 21 February 2023. Champion team will be promoted to 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League | 2023-12-07T06:21:52Z | 2023-12-30T03:43:40Z | [
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"Template:Infobox cricket tournament",
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"Template:Color box",
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"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Col-begin"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Dhaka_First_Division_Cricket_League |
75,505,482 | 164 (disambiguation) | 164 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "164 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 164 may refer to: 164 (year)
164 (number)
Volvo 164
UFC 164
SANS 164
Alfa Romeo 164
164 Eva
Interstate 164
ONE 164 | 2023-12-07T06:24:17Z | 2023-12-07T06:24:56Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/164_(disambiguation) |
75,505,499 | Sovateltide | Sovateltide (development names IRL-1620 and PMZ-1620, sold under the brand name Tyvalzi) is a synthetic analog of endothelin-1 that works as a selective endothelin-B receptor agonist. In May 2023, it was approved in India to treat acute ischemic stroke. The drug was developed by Pharmazz. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sovateltide (development names IRL-1620 and PMZ-1620, sold under the brand name Tyvalzi) is a synthetic analog of endothelin-1 that works as a selective endothelin-B receptor agonist. In May 2023, it was approved in India to treat acute ischemic stroke. The drug was developed by Pharmazz.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sovateltide is a synthetic analog of endothelin-1 that works as a selective endothelin-B receptor agonist. In May 2023, it was approved in India to treat acute ischemic stroke. The drug was developed by Pharmazz. | 2023-12-07T06:26:53Z | 2023-12-31T23:49:50Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovateltide |
75,505,503 | 165 (disambiguation) | 165 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "165 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 165 may refer to: 165 (year)
UFC 165
ONE 165
165 Loreley
165 series | 2023-12-07T06:27:20Z | 2023-12-07T18:54:47Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/165_(disambiguation) |
75,505,532 | 166 (disambiguation) | 166 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "166 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 166 may refer to: 166 (year)
166 (number)
ONE 166
EN 166
UFC 166
Ferrari 166
Alfa Romeo 166
Radical 166
166 Rhodope | 2023-12-07T06:33:25Z | 2023-12-07T06:37:08Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/166_(disambiguation) |
75,505,548 | Atsushi Suzuki | Atsushi Suzuki (鈴木 敦, Suzuki Atsushi, born December 15, 1988) is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. Suzuki is the fourth youngest member of the National Diet after Yuki Baba, Shin Tsuchida and Nobuchiyo Kishi.
Suzuki was born in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. After dropping out of Surugadai University, he became a staff member for former House of Representatives member and Liberal Party official Hiro Takayoshi before becoming the staff in charge of the Democratic Party for the People (DPFP) National Diet Task Force.
On October 2021, it was announced that the DPFP will run Suzuki as the party's candidate for Kanagawa's 10th District in the 2021 general election. Partly due to his limited time for campaigning as he became the party's nominee just a few weeks before the election, he lost to Liberal Democratic Party candidate Kazunori Tanaka, but was elected in through the Southern Kanto proportional representation block.
On November 2023, Suzuki alongside 4 other members split from the DPFP to become a founding member of the Association for Realizing Free Education, in which he was appointed as Chairman of the National Assembly Policy Committee. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Atsushi Suzuki (鈴木 敦, Suzuki Atsushi, born December 15, 1988) is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. Suzuki is the fourth youngest member of the National Diet after Yuki Baba, Shin Tsuchida and Nobuchiyo Kishi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Suzuki was born in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. After dropping out of Surugadai University, he became a staff member for former House of Representatives member and Liberal Party official Hiro Takayoshi before becoming the staff in charge of the Democratic Party for the People (DPFP) National Diet Task Force.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On October 2021, it was announced that the DPFP will run Suzuki as the party's candidate for Kanagawa's 10th District in the 2021 general election. Partly due to his limited time for campaigning as he became the party's nominee just a few weeks before the election, he lost to Liberal Democratic Party candidate Kazunori Tanaka, but was elected in through the Southern Kanto proportional representation block.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On November 2023, Suzuki alongside 4 other members split from the DPFP to become a founding member of the Association for Realizing Free Education, in which he was appointed as Chairman of the National Assembly Policy Committee.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Atsushi Suzuki is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. Suzuki is the fourth youngest member of the National Diet after Yuki Baba, Shin Tsuchida and Nobuchiyo Kishi. | 2023-12-07T06:37:20Z | 2023-12-14T13:54:05Z | [
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"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Portal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsushi_Suzuki |
75,505,553 | Talfirastide | Talfirastide (development name TXA127) is an experimental synthetic analog of angiotensin (1-7) that works as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor–biased ligand. It has been tested in people with COVID-19 and stroke. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Talfirastide (development name TXA127) is an experimental synthetic analog of angiotensin (1-7) that works as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor–biased ligand. It has been tested in people with COVID-19 and stroke.",
"title": ""
}
] | Talfirastide is an experimental synthetic analog of angiotensin (1-7) that works as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor–biased ligand. It has been tested in people with COVID-19 and stroke. | 2023-12-07T06:40:37Z | 2023-12-30T11:05:06Z | [
"Template:Mergeto",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talfirastide |
75,505,556 | 167 (disambiguation) | 167 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "167 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 167 may refer to: 167 (year)
167 (number)
UFC 167
167 Urda
Fieseler Fi 167
Radical 167
167 series
Kosmos 167 | 2023-12-07T06:41:06Z | 2023-12-07T17:15:26Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/167_(disambiguation) |
75,505,565 | 168 (disambiguation) | 168 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "168 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 168 may refer to: 168 (year)
168 (number)
UFC 168
168 Sibylla
Tracy 168
Fieseler Fi 168 | 2023-12-07T06:44:03Z | 2023-12-07T19:57:13Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/168_(disambiguation) |
75,505,586 | Nelonemdaz | Nelonemdaz is an experimental drug that works as a free radical reducer and selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor 2b. It is hypothesized to have neuroprotective effects in people who recently experienced a stroke. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nelonemdaz is an experimental drug that works as a free radical reducer and selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor 2b. It is hypothesized to have neuroprotective effects in people who recently experienced a stroke.",
"title": ""
}
] | Nelonemdaz is an experimental drug that works as a free radical reducer and selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor 2b. It is hypothesized to have neuroprotective effects in people who recently experienced a stroke. | 2023-12-07T06:47:51Z | 2023-12-17T02:30:54Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox drug",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Med-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelonemdaz |
75,505,589 | 169 (disambiguation) | 169 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "169 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 169 may refer to: 169 (year)
169 (number)
UFC 169
169 Zelia
NGC 169
169 series
Radical 169
Bundesstraße 169
Interstate 169 | 2023-12-07T06:48:30Z | 2023-12-07T20:17:03Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/169_(disambiguation) |
75,505,598 | 170 (disambiguation) | 170 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "170 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 170 may refer to: 170 (year)
170 (number)
Thalaivar 170
Interstate 170
Cessna 170
UFC 170
170 Maria
Radical 170 | 2023-12-07T06:51:14Z | 2023-12-07T19:57:24Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/170_(disambiguation) |
75,505,609 | 173 (disambiguation) | 173 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "173 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 173 may refer to: 173 (year)
173 (number)
UFC 173
173 Ino
Radical 173
Kosmos 173 | 2023-12-07T06:53:04Z | 2023-12-07T06:55:36Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/173_(disambiguation) |
75,505,620 | Victor Larsson | Victor Oliver Larsson (born 19 April 2000) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Värnamo.
Larsson is a youth product of the academies of BK Höllviken and Malmö. On 27 August 2019, he moved to Torns IF where he began his senior career in the Ettan Fotboll. On 21 December 2020, he moved to the Superettan club Värnamo. He helped Värnamo win the 2021 Superettan and earned the club promotion into the Allsvenskan for the first time in their history. On 11 October 2022, he extended his contract with Värnamo until 2025.
Larsson was first called up to the Sweden national team for a training tour in January 2024. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Victor Oliver Larsson (born 19 April 2000) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Värnamo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Larsson is a youth product of the academies of BK Höllviken and Malmö. On 27 August 2019, he moved to Torns IF where he began his senior career in the Ettan Fotboll. On 21 December 2020, he moved to the Superettan club Värnamo. He helped Värnamo win the 2021 Superettan and earned the club promotion into the Allsvenskan for the first time in their history. On 11 October 2022, he extended his contract with Värnamo until 2025.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Larsson was first called up to the Sweden national team for a training tour in January 2024.",
"title": "International career"
}
] | Victor Oliver Larsson is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Värnamo. | 2023-12-07T06:55:33Z | 2023-12-14T16:10:09Z | [
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"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
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"Template:IFK Värnamo squad"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Larsson |
75,505,645 | 174 (disambiguation) | 174 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "174 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 174 may refer to: 174 (year)
174 (number)
UFC 174
174 Phaedra
Interstate 174
Lectionary 174
Radical 174 | 2023-12-07T06:59:05Z | 2023-12-07T21:00:20Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/174_(disambiguation) |
75,505,652 | Hard Solo | [] | REDIRECT [Solo#Hard Solo]] | 2023-12-07T07:01:27Z | 2023-12-07T07:01:27Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Solo |
|
75,505,653 | 175 (disambiguation) | 175 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "175 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 175 may refer to: 175 (year)
175 (number)
Paragraph 175
UFC 175
Interstate 175
Delahaye 175
175 Andromache
UNOH 175 | 2023-12-07T07:01:33Z | 2023-12-07T07:02:31Z | [
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/175_(disambiguation) |
75,505,659 | Pepe Serret Borda | José Serret Borda, known as Pepe Serret Borda (Vallfogona de Balaguer, Lleida, June 17, 1941 - Barcelona, January 25, 1993), was a Spanish economist and entrepreneur. He served as the director of various companies in the food sector, was involved in the promotion of Opus Dei's schools, and managed some agricultural schools (EFA).
He pursued his initial studies at the school in Vallfogona de Balaguer (Lleida) and continued them at the Brothers of La Salle school in Reus. In Terrassa, he pursued studies in Industrial Technical Engineering, complementing his academic background with a master's degree from Esade and the Senior Management Program (PADE) at IESE (Barcelona).
His professional career began at the companies Agut S.A. (Terrassa) and Samí (Balaguer). In 1969, he joined Granja Castelló (Mollerusa), and later was appointed director of the factory at Lecherías del Noroeste S.A (LENOSA) in León, where he worked for nine years. In 1977, he returned to Mollerussa as the Managing Director of Leche el Castillo, a position he held until 1991. On January 1, 1992, he joined Nestlé AEPA and took on the role of Managing Director of Productos del Café S.A. (Reus).
Parallel to his professional work, in 1979 he became part of the founding group of the Arabell school, which at that time belonged to Opus Dei's Fomento de Centros de Enseñanza. He was actively involved in launching the educational institution, which began its journey (September 15, 1979) provisionally in Raimat, an elegant modernist building that had been used for years as the school for girls in the town. The school moved to its permanent location on October 2, 1980, on the road from Lleida to Huesca.
In 1965, he married Roser Simó Cima, with whom he had eleven children: María de los Ángeles, María del Carmen, Roser, Jaime, Toni, Josep, Jordi, Kiko, Rafa, Mariona, and Joan.
In May 1980, he applied for admission to Opus Dei as a Supernumerary member. Upon his passing, his friends and colleagues compiled about a hundred tributes in a book titled "Pepe Serret: Recuerdos de sus amigos" (Pepe Serret: Memories from his friends). Years later, the first biography of Pepe Serret would be published: "Himno a la vida, 1ª ed., 2000. Biografía del empresario Josep Serret Borda (1941-1993)" (Hymn to Life, 1st ed., 2000. Biography of the businessman Josep Serret Borda (1941-1993)).
He died in a traffic accident on January 25, 1993, while returning from Madrid and heading to a parent meeting at his children's school. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "José Serret Borda, known as Pepe Serret Borda (Vallfogona de Balaguer, Lleida, June 17, 1941 - Barcelona, January 25, 1993), was a Spanish economist and entrepreneur. He served as the director of various companies in the food sector, was involved in the promotion of Opus Dei's schools, and managed some agricultural schools (EFA).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He pursued his initial studies at the school in Vallfogona de Balaguer (Lleida) and continued them at the Brothers of La Salle school in Reus. In Terrassa, he pursued studies in Industrial Technical Engineering, complementing his academic background with a master's degree from Esade and the Senior Management Program (PADE) at IESE (Barcelona).",
"title": "Background and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "His professional career began at the companies Agut S.A. (Terrassa) and Samí (Balaguer). In 1969, he joined Granja Castelló (Mollerusa), and later was appointed director of the factory at Lecherías del Noroeste S.A (LENOSA) in León, where he worked for nine years. In 1977, he returned to Mollerussa as the Managing Director of Leche el Castillo, a position he held until 1991. On January 1, 1992, he joined Nestlé AEPA and took on the role of Managing Director of Productos del Café S.A. (Reus).",
"title": "Background and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Parallel to his professional work, in 1979 he became part of the founding group of the Arabell school, which at that time belonged to Opus Dei's Fomento de Centros de Enseñanza. He was actively involved in launching the educational institution, which began its journey (September 15, 1979) provisionally in Raimat, an elegant modernist building that had been used for years as the school for girls in the town. The school moved to its permanent location on October 2, 1980, on the road from Lleida to Huesca.",
"title": "Background and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1965, he married Roser Simó Cima, with whom he had eleven children: María de los Ángeles, María del Carmen, Roser, Jaime, Toni, Josep, Jordi, Kiko, Rafa, Mariona, and Joan.",
"title": "Background and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In May 1980, he applied for admission to Opus Dei as a Supernumerary member. Upon his passing, his friends and colleagues compiled about a hundred tributes in a book titled \"Pepe Serret: Recuerdos de sus amigos\" (Pepe Serret: Memories from his friends). Years later, the first biography of Pepe Serret would be published: \"Himno a la vida, 1ª ed., 2000. Biografía del empresario Josep Serret Borda (1941-1993)\" (Hymn to Life, 1st ed., 2000. Biography of the businessman Josep Serret Borda (1941-1993)).",
"title": "Background and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He died in a traffic accident on January 25, 1993, while returning from Madrid and heading to a parent meeting at his children's school.",
"title": "Background and education"
}
] | José Serret Borda, known as Pepe Serret Borda, was a Spanish economist and entrepreneur. He served as the director of various companies in the food sector, was involved in the promotion of Opus Dei's schools, and managed some agricultural schools (EFA). | 2023-12-07T07:02:38Z | 2023-12-30T12:55:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe_Serret_Borda |
75,505,660 | 176 (disambiguation) | 176 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "176 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 176 may refer to: 176 (year)
176 (number)
176 Iduna
UFC 176
Heinkel He 176
Interstate 176
Gliese 176 | 2023-12-07T07:03:35Z | 2023-12-07T07:06:42Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/176_(disambiguation) |
75,505,663 | Low Hong Eng | Low Hong Eng (刘凤英 Líu Fèngyīng; c. 1946 – 9 October 1981) was a Singaporean seamstress and mother of four who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Singapore. Low and her accomplice Tan Ah Tee (alias Tan Kok Ser), a Malaysian illegal taxi driver, were both caught smuggling 459.3g of diamorphine (or pure heroin) at Dickson Road, Jalan Besar in September 1976. Both Low and Tan were found guilty and sentenced to hang on 22 September 1978; Low became the second woman to be given the death penalty for drug trafficking since 1975. Low subsequently lost her appeals against the death sentence, and eventually, both Low and her co-accused were hanged on 9 October 1981, making Low the first female drug trafficker of Singaporean descent to be officially put to death in Singapore since 1975, after the mandatory death penalty was introduced for drug trafficking.
Low Hong Eng was born in Singapore in 1946, and she was married with four children during her adulthood. Low was working as a seamstress at the time of her arrest.
On 6 September 1976, 30-year-old Low Hong Eng and a 30-year-old illegal taxi driver named Tan Ah Tee (陈亚弟 Chén Yàdì; alias Tan Kok Ser 陈国仕 Chén Guóshì), a Malaysian from Johor Bahru, were charged in court for trafficking 1.5kg of drugs after their arrests three days before.
The amount of drugs trafficked by the pair was later tested and found to contain diamorphine (or pure heroin) that weighed 459.3g, which was nearly 31 times the minimum amount of 15g that mandated the death penalty under the Misuse of Drugs Act, which was amended in 1975 to allow judges to impose death for drug traffickers. On the same date when Low and Tan were charged, another man named Tan Weng Guan (aged 40) was also charged for smuggling morphine and diamorphine.
The arrests of the trio was described to be the Central Narcotics Bureau's breakthrough in busting one of the largest drug syndicates that operated in the country.
Less than five months after their arrests, both Low and Tan were committed to stand trial after a preliminary hearing on 4 January 1977.
On 19 September 1978, Low Hong Eng and Tan Ah Tee both stood trial at the High Court for trafficking 459.3g of diamorphine. Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh were appointed as the two trial judges to preside the hearing. John Tan Chor-Yong represented Tan while Thomas Tham represented Low, while the prosection was led by Sowaran Singh.
The trial court was told that on the morning of 3 September 1976, the same date when they were arrested, Low met up with Tan to help deliver the drugs after she was offered S$100 to complete the task, and both were spotted by two narcotics officers - Teo Ho Peng and Cheong Wah Chow - at Block A, Kim Yam Road, and Low was seen receiving the drugs from Tan before they drove away in a Malaysian-registered car. Cheong and Teo trailed the duo on a motorcycle before they arrested the duo after the car arrived at Dickson Road, Jalan Besar. Although the two accused initially confessed to having trafficked drugs, Low and Tan alleged in court that their statements were made involuntarily, and their defence counsels sought to challenge the admissibility of the statements.
Both Low and Tan were later called to give their defence, after the High Court ruled the statements admissible. Tan testified that he was asked by a friend named Ah Pooi to bring a package to Ah Pooi's wife in Singapore, and he did not check the contents of the package due to his close relationship with the friend and had trusted him a lot, and it was only after his arrest when he found out that he was carrying diamorphine in his possession without his knowledge. Low herself stated that she was acquainted with Ah Pooi and his wife, and on the day of her arrest, Low was supposed to meet Ah Pooi's wife, who agreed to help her find a job as a maid, and she only met Ah Pooi instead, and Ah Pooi asked her to accompany him to receive a package that would be delivered to his wife, and by the time Tan arrived, Low was alone at the meeting point in Kim Yam Road to receive the package as Ah Pooi had not returned after taking a temporary leave.
On 22 September 1978, Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh delivered their judgement after a four-day trial. In their verdict, the two judges rejected the defences of Low and Tan, and they were of the opinion that Tan and Low had the knowledge that they were carrying diamorphine at the time of the arrests, and ruled that the prosecution had proven their case beyond a reasonable doubt. Hence, both 32-year-old Low Hong Eng and 32-year-old Tan Ah Tee were found guilty of drug trafficking and sentenced to death.
Low became the second woman to be sentenced to hang for drug trafficking in Singapore since 1975. Just five weeks before, in August 1978, 18-year-old Siti Aminah Jaafar became the first female drug trafficker in Singapore to be sentenced to death alongside her 25-year-old lover Anwar Ali Khan in an unrelated case of trafficking 43.5g of diamorphine in May 1977. Subsequently, Siti was granted clemency by then President Devan Nair and had her sentence commuted to life imprisonment in February 1983, while Anwar was hanged on 4 March 1983 after his plea for clemency failed.
As of April 1979, Low and Tan were among the 29 people held on death row for murder and drug trafficking at Singapore's Changi Prison, the only prison in Singapore to carry out judicial executions by hanging, the only method of execution legalized for use under Singaporean law.
In June 1979, Low Hong Eng and Tan Ah Tee appealed to the Court of Appeal against their convictions and sentences, with Francis Seow representing them while Glenn Knight took over the prosecution’s case. Four months later, in October 1979, the Court of Appeal's three judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice F A Chua (Frederick Arthur Chua) and Justice T Kulasekaram - dismissed the appeals.
Subsequently, Low and Tan applied for special leave to appeal to the Privy Council in London, but the Privy Council refused to review their cases and hence dismissed their appeals. Subsequently, both Low and Tan appealed to the President of Singapore for clemency, seeking to commute their sentences to life imprisonment, but their pleas were rejected, and thus both Low and Tan failed in their final bid to escape the gallows.
On 9 October 1981, after eating their last breakfast, 35-year-old Low Hong Eng and 35-year-old Tan Ah Tee were hanged in Changi Prison at dawn. Low was the first Singaporean woman to be executed for drug trafficking since 1975. Both Tan and Low were the tenth and 11th persons to be put to death under the Misuse of Drugs Act since 1975. Low was also the first female to be executed for drug trafficking in the whole region of Southeast Asia; her case was followed by 51-year-old Lim Boey Nooi who smuggled 974g of diamorphine in Malaysia; Lim was the first female drug convict hanged in Malaysia on 8 October 1982 since the country's enactment of capital punishment for drug crimes. Eight more drug traffickers remained on death row awaiting execution as of February 1982, four months since the hangings of Low and Tan. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Low Hong Eng (刘凤英 Líu Fèngyīng; c. 1946 – 9 October 1981) was a Singaporean seamstress and mother of four who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Singapore. Low and her accomplice Tan Ah Tee (alias Tan Kok Ser), a Malaysian illegal taxi driver, were both caught smuggling 459.3g of diamorphine (or pure heroin) at Dickson Road, Jalan Besar in September 1976. Both Low and Tan were found guilty and sentenced to hang on 22 September 1978; Low became the second woman to be given the death penalty for drug trafficking since 1975. Low subsequently lost her appeals against the death sentence, and eventually, both Low and her co-accused were hanged on 9 October 1981, making Low the first female drug trafficker of Singaporean descent to be officially put to death in Singapore since 1975, after the mandatory death penalty was introduced for drug trafficking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Low Hong Eng was born in Singapore in 1946, and she was married with four children during her adulthood. Low was working as a seamstress at the time of her arrest.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 6 September 1976, 30-year-old Low Hong Eng and a 30-year-old illegal taxi driver named Tan Ah Tee (陈亚弟 Chén Yàdì; alias Tan Kok Ser 陈国仕 Chén Guóshì), a Malaysian from Johor Bahru, were charged in court for trafficking 1.5kg of drugs after their arrests three days before.",
"title": "Drug charges"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The amount of drugs trafficked by the pair was later tested and found to contain diamorphine (or pure heroin) that weighed 459.3g, which was nearly 31 times the minimum amount of 15g that mandated the death penalty under the Misuse of Drugs Act, which was amended in 1975 to allow judges to impose death for drug traffickers. On the same date when Low and Tan were charged, another man named Tan Weng Guan (aged 40) was also charged for smuggling morphine and diamorphine.",
"title": "Drug charges"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The arrests of the trio was described to be the Central Narcotics Bureau's breakthrough in busting one of the largest drug syndicates that operated in the country.",
"title": "Drug charges"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Less than five months after their arrests, both Low and Tan were committed to stand trial after a preliminary hearing on 4 January 1977.",
"title": "Drug charges"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 19 September 1978, Low Hong Eng and Tan Ah Tee both stood trial at the High Court for trafficking 459.3g of diamorphine. Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh were appointed as the two trial judges to preside the hearing. John Tan Chor-Yong represented Tan while Thomas Tham represented Low, while the prosection was led by Sowaran Singh.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The trial court was told that on the morning of 3 September 1976, the same date when they were arrested, Low met up with Tan to help deliver the drugs after she was offered S$100 to complete the task, and both were spotted by two narcotics officers - Teo Ho Peng and Cheong Wah Chow - at Block A, Kim Yam Road, and Low was seen receiving the drugs from Tan before they drove away in a Malaysian-registered car. Cheong and Teo trailed the duo on a motorcycle before they arrested the duo after the car arrived at Dickson Road, Jalan Besar. Although the two accused initially confessed to having trafficked drugs, Low and Tan alleged in court that their statements were made involuntarily, and their defence counsels sought to challenge the admissibility of the statements.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Both Low and Tan were later called to give their defence, after the High Court ruled the statements admissible. Tan testified that he was asked by a friend named Ah Pooi to bring a package to Ah Pooi's wife in Singapore, and he did not check the contents of the package due to his close relationship with the friend and had trusted him a lot, and it was only after his arrest when he found out that he was carrying diamorphine in his possession without his knowledge. Low herself stated that she was acquainted with Ah Pooi and his wife, and on the day of her arrest, Low was supposed to meet Ah Pooi's wife, who agreed to help her find a job as a maid, and she only met Ah Pooi instead, and Ah Pooi asked her to accompany him to receive a package that would be delivered to his wife, and by the time Tan arrived, Low was alone at the meeting point in Kim Yam Road to receive the package as Ah Pooi had not returned after taking a temporary leave.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On 22 September 1978, Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh delivered their judgement after a four-day trial. In their verdict, the two judges rejected the defences of Low and Tan, and they were of the opinion that Tan and Low had the knowledge that they were carrying diamorphine at the time of the arrests, and ruled that the prosecution had proven their case beyond a reasonable doubt. Hence, both 32-year-old Low Hong Eng and 32-year-old Tan Ah Tee were found guilty of drug trafficking and sentenced to death.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Low became the second woman to be sentenced to hang for drug trafficking in Singapore since 1975. Just five weeks before, in August 1978, 18-year-old Siti Aminah Jaafar became the first female drug trafficker in Singapore to be sentenced to death alongside her 25-year-old lover Anwar Ali Khan in an unrelated case of trafficking 43.5g of diamorphine in May 1977. Subsequently, Siti was granted clemency by then President Devan Nair and had her sentence commuted to life imprisonment in February 1983, while Anwar was hanged on 4 March 1983 after his plea for clemency failed.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "As of April 1979, Low and Tan were among the 29 people held on death row for murder and drug trafficking at Singapore's Changi Prison, the only prison in Singapore to carry out judicial executions by hanging, the only method of execution legalized for use under Singaporean law.",
"title": "Death penalty trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In June 1979, Low Hong Eng and Tan Ah Tee appealed to the Court of Appeal against their convictions and sentences, with Francis Seow representing them while Glenn Knight took over the prosecution’s case. Four months later, in October 1979, the Court of Appeal's three judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice F A Chua (Frederick Arthur Chua) and Justice T Kulasekaram - dismissed the appeals.",
"title": "Appeals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Subsequently, Low and Tan applied for special leave to appeal to the Privy Council in London, but the Privy Council refused to review their cases and hence dismissed their appeals. Subsequently, both Low and Tan appealed to the President of Singapore for clemency, seeking to commute their sentences to life imprisonment, but their pleas were rejected, and thus both Low and Tan failed in their final bid to escape the gallows.",
"title": "Appeals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "On 9 October 1981, after eating their last breakfast, 35-year-old Low Hong Eng and 35-year-old Tan Ah Tee were hanged in Changi Prison at dawn. Low was the first Singaporean woman to be executed for drug trafficking since 1975. Both Tan and Low were the tenth and 11th persons to be put to death under the Misuse of Drugs Act since 1975. Low was also the first female to be executed for drug trafficking in the whole region of Southeast Asia; her case was followed by 51-year-old Lim Boey Nooi who smuggled 974g of diamorphine in Malaysia; Lim was the first female drug convict hanged in Malaysia on 8 October 1982 since the country's enactment of capital punishment for drug crimes. Eight more drug traffickers remained on death row awaiting execution as of February 1982, four months since the hangings of Low and Tan.",
"title": "Execution"
}
] | Low Hong Eng was a Singaporean seamstress and mother of four who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Singapore. Low and her accomplice Tan Ah Tee, a Malaysian illegal taxi driver, were both caught smuggling 459.3g of diamorphine at Dickson Road, Jalan Besar in September 1976. Both Low and Tan were found guilty and sentenced to hang on 22 September 1978; Low became the second woman to be given the death penalty for drug trafficking since 1975. Low subsequently lost her appeals against the death sentence, and eventually, both Low and her co-accused were hanged on 9 October 1981, making Low the first female drug trafficker of Singaporean descent to be officially put to death in Singapore since 1975, after the mandatory death penalty was introduced for drug trafficking. | 2023-12-07T07:05:08Z | 2023-12-16T10:15:28Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox criminal",
"Template:Circa",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Hong_Eng |
75,505,672 | 178 (disambiguation) | 178 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "178 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 178 may refer to: 178 (year)
178 (number)
UFC 178
Heinkel He 178
Panhard 178
178 Belisana
Bundesstraße 178
Radical 178 | 2023-12-07T07:06:19Z | 2023-12-07T20:09:43Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/178_(disambiguation) |
75,505,682 | Tosello | Tosello is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tosello is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:",
"title": ""
}
] | Tosello is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: David Barona, Spanish cellist
Fernando Callejas Barona, Ecuadorian politician | 2023-12-07T07:07:40Z | 2023-12-07T07:10:40Z | [
"Template:Surname"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosello |
75,505,687 | Patricia Elena Aceves Pastrana | Patricia Elena Aceves Pastrana (Minatitlán, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave; April 9, 1948) is a Mexican politician | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patricia Elena Aceves Pastrana (Minatitlán, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave; April 9, 1948) is a Mexican politician",
"title": ""
}
] | Patricia Elena Aceves Pastrana is a Mexican politician | 2023-12-07T07:08:18Z | 2023-12-07T08:38:45Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Elena_Aceves_Pastrana |
75,505,688 | 179 (disambiguation) | 179 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "179 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 179 may refer to: 179 (year)
179 (number)
UFC 179
179 Klytaemnestra
Gliese 179
Alfa Romeo 179
Radical 179 | 2023-12-07T07:08:33Z | 2023-12-07T07:09:25Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/179_(disambiguation) |
75,505,707 | Soft tennis at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team | The men's team soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place on October 3 and 4, at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Tennis Centre.
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's team soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place on October 3 and 4, at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Tennis Centre.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The men's team soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place on October 3 and 4, at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Tennis Centre. | 2023-12-07T07:10:11Z | 2023-12-31T06:21:38Z | [
"Template:Main",
"Template:AsianGamesTeambox",
"Template:4TeamBracket",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox sports competition event"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team |
75,505,711 | 181 (disambiguation) | 181 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "181 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 181 may refer to: 181 (year)
181 (number)
181 (film)
Antonov 181
Volkswagen Type 181
181 Eucharis
181 Fremont
181 series
UFC 181 | 2023-12-07T07:11:18Z | 2023-12-07T20:09:55Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/181_(disambiguation) |
75,505,713 | Bio (footballer) | William Silvio Modesto Veríssimo (8 March 1953 - 23 February 2008) was a Brazilian footballer who last played as a striker for Sabadell.
Bio is a native of Araraquara, Brazil.
Bio was nicknamed "El Perla".
Bio was the father of Jonathan, a Spanish footballer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "William Silvio Modesto Veríssimo (8 March 1953 - 23 February 2008) was a Brazilian footballer who last played as a striker for Sabadell.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bio is a native of Araraquara, Brazil.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Bio was nicknamed \"El Perla\".",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Bio was the father of Jonathan, a Spanish footballer.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | William Silvio Modesto Veríssimo was a Brazilian footballer who last played as a striker for Sabadell. | 2023-12-07T07:11:33Z | 2023-12-08T23:11:01Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Brazil-footy-bio-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_(footballer) |
75,505,725 | Federico Bessone | Federico Bessone may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Federico Bessone may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Federico Bessone may refer to: Federico Bessone, Argentine football defender
Federico Bessone, Argentine football coach and former left-back | 2023-12-07T07:13:45Z | 2023-12-07T07:14:47Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Bessone |
75,505,727 | Dapirolizumab pegol | Dapirolizumab pegol is "a polyethylene glycol conjugated anti-CD40L Fab fragment" developed by Biogen for systemic lupus erythematosus. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dapirolizumab pegol is \"a polyethylene glycol conjugated anti-CD40L Fab fragment\" developed by Biogen for systemic lupus erythematosus.",
"title": ""
}
] | Dapirolizumab pegol is "a polyethylene glycol conjugated anti-CD40L Fab fragment" developed by Biogen for systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2023-12-07T07:13:46Z | 2023-12-11T17:21:23Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Infobox drug"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapirolizumab_pegol |
75,505,728 | 182 (disambiguation) | 182 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "182 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 182 may refer to: 182 (year)
182 (number)
Interstate 182
UFC 182
182 Elsa
Paragraph 182
Radical 182 | 2023-12-07T07:14:05Z | 2023-12-07T20:10:08Z | [
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/182_(disambiguation) |
75,505,748 | 183 (disambiguation) | 183 may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "183 may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | 183 may refer to: 183 (year)
183 (number)
183 series
TAKI 183
UFC 183
Mossberg 183
Paragraph 183
183 Istria
Pavel 183 | 2023-12-07T07:16:35Z | 2023-12-07T07:34:30Z | [
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/183_(disambiguation) |
75,505,756 | Jorge Benítez | Jorge Benítez may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jorge Benítez may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Jorge Benítez may refer to: Jorge Benitez, American soccer forward
Jorge Benítez, Argentine football midfielder
Jorge Benítez, Paraguayan football forward | 2023-12-07T07:17:27Z | 2023-12-07T07:23:25Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ben%C3%ADtez |
75,505,760 | Million Dollar Elm | The Million Dollar Elm was a tree in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, known as the site for the auctioning of oil leases to drill in the Osage Nation. The original tree died in the 1980s, but a new "Million Dollar Elm" tree was planted in 2006.
The Million Dollar Elm was an elm tree in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. The tree was the site of auctions for oil leases for Osage County, since mineral rights for the county are owned by the Osage Nation. The first auction was held in November 1912 with Colonel Ellsworth Walters serving as the official auctioneer. The tree earned its nickname on November 11, 1912, when over $1 million dollars in oil leases were sold under the tree. The tree died in the 1980s due to Dutch elm disease.
A new tree was planted and dedicated in a ceremony on September 15, 2006. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Million Dollar Elm was a tree in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, known as the site for the auctioning of oil leases to drill in the Osage Nation. The original tree died in the 1980s, but a new \"Million Dollar Elm\" tree was planted in 2006.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Million Dollar Elm was an elm tree in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. The tree was the site of auctions for oil leases for Osage County, since mineral rights for the county are owned by the Osage Nation. The first auction was held in November 1912 with Colonel Ellsworth Walters serving as the official auctioneer. The tree earned its nickname on November 11, 1912, when over $1 million dollars in oil leases were sold under the tree. The tree died in the 1980s due to Dutch elm disease.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A new tree was planted and dedicated in a ceremony on September 15, 2006.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Million Dollar Elm was a tree in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, known as the site for the auctioning of oil leases to drill in the Osage Nation. The original tree died in the 1980s, but a new "Million Dollar Elm" tree was planted in 2006. | 2023-12-07T07:18:59Z | 2023-12-07T07:23:45Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Dollar_Elm |
75,505,780 | BIIB131 | BIIB131 (also known as SMTP-7 or TMS-007) is a prothrombolytic small-molecule drug developed by Biogen for acute ischemic stroke. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BIIB131 (also known as SMTP-7 or TMS-007) is a prothrombolytic small-molecule drug developed by Biogen for acute ischemic stroke.",
"title": ""
}
] | BIIB131 is a prothrombolytic small-molecule drug developed by Biogen for acute ischemic stroke. | 2023-12-07T07:21:13Z | 2023-12-11T08:24:25Z | [
"Template:Chembox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIIB131 |
75,505,794 | Matías Benítez | Matías Benítez may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Matías Benítez may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Matías Benítez may refer to: Matías Benítez, Uruguayan rugby union player
Matías Benítez (footballer), Argentine footballer | 2023-12-07T07:25:32Z | 2023-12-07T07:27:17Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%ADas_Ben%C3%ADtez |
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