gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

english stringlengths 2 3.06k	non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k	language stringclasses 52 values
People who don't attract mosquitoes smell repellent, and what we know is - (Laughter) I should clarify: repellent to mosquitoes, not to people.	有些人聞起來令人反感就不會吸引到蚊子，而且我們知道（笑聲）我應該澄清一下：是令「蚊子」反感不是令「人」反感	en-zh-tw
And what we know now is that is actually controlled by our genes.	Так вот, выяснилось, что это заложено в наших генах.	en-ru
But mosquitoes are able to do that because they have a highly sophisticated sense of smell, and they're able to see through all this sort of odour sludge to find you, that individual, and bite you as a blood meal.	Mas mosquitos conseguem fazer isso porque têm um olfato altamente sofisticado e enxergam através dessa névoa de odor para encontrar você, esse indivíduo, e picá-lo como uma refeição de sangue.	en-pt-br
So it's quite complex, but basically what happens is: a mosquito has to bite somebody to become infected.	這相當的複雜，但是基本上是這樣：一隻蚊子叮咬某人後被感染	en-zh-tw
Once it bites an infected person, the parasites travel through the mouth part into the gut, and then bursts through the gut, creates cysts, and then the parasites replicate, and then they make a journey from the gut all the way to the salivary glands, where they are then injected back into another person when the mosquito bites because it injects saliva as it bites.	Как только комар кусает заражённого человека, плазмодии попадают через ротовой аппарат в желудок, проникают на его наружную поверхность, превращаются в ооцисту, где многократно делятся, а затем проделывают обратный путь в слюнные железы. Затем, когда комар начинает пить кровь, он вводит заражённую слюну в кожу жертвы.	en-ru
Then inside the human it goes through a whole other cycle, a whole other part of the life cycle.	接著在人體中寄生蟲會歷經另一個週期整個生命週期中的另一個週期	en-zh-tw
So it goes through a liver stage, changes shape and then comes out into the bloodstream again, and eventually that person will become infectious.	Плазмодии попадают в печень, развиваются и делятся, а затем поступают в кровь, и в итоге человек становится заразным.	en-ru
If this was to happen in the malaria system, it might make sense that it would be something to do with odour that they manipulate because odour is the key, odour's the thing that links us between mosquitoes; that's how they find us.	如果這在瘧疾系統中發生或許能夠說得通一件事情這跟牠們所操控的氣味有關因為氣味是關鍵因素氣味是連結我們與蚊子之間的東西那是牠們找到我們的方式	en-zh-tw
So in Kenya with our colleagues, we designed an experiment where we had participants, children in Kenya, sleep inside tents.	Então, com nossos colegas, criamos um experimento com crianças no Quênia dormindo em tendas.	en-pt-br
The odour from the tent was blown into a chamber which contained mosquitoes.	O odor da barraca foi soprado numa câmara que continha mosquitos.	en-pt-br
And the mosquitoes would behaviourally respond - they would fly towards or fly away from the odours depending on whether they liked them or not.	Eles responderam comportamentalmente, voaram em direção ou para longe dos odores dependendo se os agradavam ou não.	en-pt-br
Now, some of the participants were infected with malaria and some of them were uninfected.	現在有些參與者感染了瘧疾有些則沒被感染	en-zh-tw
But importantly, none of the children had any symptoms whatsoever.	Важно, что ни у кого из детей не было ни малейших симптомов.	en-ru
Now, when we found and saw the results, it was really quite staggering.	Полученные результаты были ошеломительными.	en-ru
Let me explain this graph.	讓我解釋一下這個圖表	en-zh-tw
We have a number of mosquitoes attracted to the child, and we have two sets of data: before treatment and after treatment.	Temos vários mosquitos atraídos pela criança e dois conjuntos de dados: antes e depois do tratamento.	en-pt-br
On the far left hand side, that bar represents somebody - or a group of people who are uninfected.	No lado esquerdo, essa barra representa alguém ou um grupo de pessoas que não estão infectadas.	en-pt-br
And as we move towards the right hand side these people have become infected, and they're moving towards the stage that they're infectious.	E à medida que avançamos para a direita, essas pessoas foram infectadas e estão se movendo em direção ao estágio em que são contagiosas.	en-pt-br
In this study then what we did is we obviously gave the children treatment to clear the parasites, and then we tested them again.	Очевидно, что следующим шагом в исследовании было лечение детей. Плазмодии были убиты, и исследование продолжилось.	en-ru
And what we found was that highly attractive trait that was there disappeared after they had cleared the infection, so it wasn't just that the people were more attractive, it was that the parasite was manipulating its host in some way to make it more attractive to mosquitoes, standing out like a beacon to attract more mosquitoes so that it could continue its life cycle.	Descobrimos que essa característica altamente atrativa que estava lá desaparecia depois de eliminar a infecção. Não eram só as pessoas que eram mais atrativas, o parasita manipulava o hospedeiro de alguma maneira tornando-o mais atrativo para mosquitos, destacando-se como um farol para atraí-los e eles poderem continuar o ciclo de vida.	en-pt-br
So to do that we had to collect the body odour from the participants.	Para fazer isso, tivemos que coletar o odor corporal dos participantes.	en-pt-br
And we did this by wrapping bags around their feet, which allowed us to collect the volatile odours from their feet.	Envolvemos sacos em volta dos pés deles, o que nos permitiu coletar esses odores voláteis.	en-pt-br
And feet's really important to mosquitoes.	Os pés são importantes para os mosquitos, eles realmente amam esse cheiro.	en-pt-br
(Laughter) Especially cheesy feet.	（笑聲）特別是臭腳丫	en-zh-tw
Anybody got cheesy feet out there?	У кого грязные ноги?	en-ru
So we focused on the feet and we collected the body odour.	Nos concentramos nos pés e coletamos o odor corporal.	en-pt-br
Now, when it comes to mosquitoes and olfaction, their sense of smell, it's very complex.	Что касается комаров и их обоняния, оно сложно устроено.	en-ru
Or a recipe, if you get an ingredient wrong, or you cook it too long or too little, it doesn't taste right.	Numa receita, se erramos um ingrediente ou a cozinhamos por muito ou pouco tempo, não fica com um gosto bom.	en-pt-br
Well, smell is the same, it's made up of a suite of chemicals in the right combination.	Com o cheiro é igual, ele é composto de um conjunto de substâncias químicas na combinação certa.	en-pt-br
Now, our machines in the lab are not particularly good at picking out this sort of signal; it's quite complex.	Инструменты в лаборатории даже близко не так хороши в распознавании этого сигнала ввиду сложности.	en-ru
But animals can.	Но животные могут это сделать.	en-ru
And what we do in my laboratory is we connect microelectrodes to the antenna of a mosquito - imagine how fiddly that is.	В лаборатории мы присоединяем микроэлектроды к антенне комара. Приходится повозиться.	en-ru
(Laughter) But what we also do is connect them to individual cells within the antenna, which is incredible.	(Risos) Mas também os conectamos a células individuais dentro da antena, o que é incrível.	en-pt-br
You definitely don't want to sneeze when you're doing this experiment, that's for sure.	你在做這個實驗的時候絕對不想打噴嚏	en-zh-tw
But what this does is it allows us to measure the electrical response of the smell receptors in the antennae, and so that we can see what a mosquito is smelling.	Такой процесс позволяет нам измерить электрическую реакцию обонятельных рецепторов в антеннах. Таким образом, мы видим, что чувствует комар.	en-ru
I'm going to show you what this looks like: here's an insect's cell, and it's responding; it will respond in a second when I press this button.	Vou lhes mostrar como é isso: aqui está a célula de um inseto que responderá em um segundo quando eu apertar este botão.	en-pt-br
You'll see it sort of ticking over with this response.	Vejam que ela reage com essa resposta.	en-pt-br
An odour will be blown over the cell, and it will sort of go a bit crazy, sort of blow a raspberry.	氣味會被吹到這個細胞上接著會變得有些瘋狂它會發出一串呸呸聲	en-zh-tw
Then it will go back to its resting potential when we stop the odour.	當我們停止發出氣味時它會恢復到靜止電位	en-zh-tw
(Clicking) Okay, there we go.	（卡嗒聲）好了，就放到這裡	en-zh-tw
So you can go home now and say that you've now seen an insect smelling and even hearing an insect smelling.	所以你現在可以回家跟別人說你看到昆蟲在聞東西甚至聽到昆蟲在聞東西	en-zh-tw
It's a weird concept, isn't it?	É um conceito estranho, não é?	en-pt-br
Now, using this method with our malaria samples, we were able to find out what the mosquito was detecting.	Usando esse método com nossas amostras de malária, conseguimos descobrir o que o mosquito detectava.	en-pt-br
And we found the malaria associated compounds were a group of compounds, mainly aldehydes, a group of compounds that smelled, that signified the malaria at signal here.	E descobrimos que os compostos associados à malária eram um grupo, principalmente aldeídos, com um cheiro que indicava a malária em sinal aqui.	en-pt-br
So now we know what the smell of malaria is, and we've used the mosquito as a bio-sensor to tell us what the smell of malaria actually is.	Agora sabemos qual é o cheiro da malária e usamos o mosquito como um sensor biológico para nos dizer isso.	en-pt-br
Now, I'd like to imagine that you could, I don't know, put a harness on a little mosquito and, you know, put it on a lead and take it out and see if we can sniff people in a community - that goes on in my head - and see whether we could actually find people with malaria.	現在我想像一下，各位可以放個馬具在一隻小蚊子身上將小蚊子套上繩索，然後將牠帶出場看看我們可否嗅出一群人我的腦海中想著這件事看看我們可否真的找到感染瘧疾的人	en-zh-tw
But, of course, that's not really possible.	但是，這當然不可能是真的	en-zh-tw
Now, dogs have an incredible sense of smell, but there's something a little bit more special about them, they have an ability to learn.	Os cães têm um olfato incrível, mas há algo um pouco mais especial neles: eles têm a capacidade de aprender.	en-pt-br
And most of you will be familiar with this concept at airports, where dogs will go down a line and sniff out your luggage or yourself for drugs and explosives or even food as well.	大多數人在機場對這個概念相當熟悉狗會沿著排隊人群走嗅一下你或是你的行李為了找出毒品、爆裂物或是食物	en-zh-tw
So we wanted to know: Could we actually train dogs to learn the smell of malaria?	Итак, нас интересовало, можем ли мы научить собак распознавать малярию?	en-ru
And we went out to the Gambia and did some more odour collection on children that were infected and uninfected.	Fomos para a Gâmbia e fizemos mais uma coleta de odores em crianças infectadas e não infectadas.	en-pt-br
But this time we collected their odour by making them wear socks, nylon stockings to collect their body odour, and we brought them back to the UK, and then we handed them to this charity to run the experiment.	但這次我們搜集他們穿過的襪子味道用尼龍絲襪來搜集他們的體味然後我們將這些味道帶回英國把這些味道交給這個慈善組織進行實驗	en-zh-tw
Now, I could show you a graph and tell you about how that experiment works, but it'd be a bit dull, wouldn't it?	我現在可以讓你們看圖表讓你們知道實驗進行得如何但這可能會有點無聊，對吧？	en-zh-tw
Now, they do say never work with children or animals live.	主辦單位確實說過別讓孩子和動物在現場示範	en-zh-tw
But we're going to break that rule today.	但是我們今天打破這項規則	en-zh-tw
So, please welcome onto the stage, Freya (Applause) and her trainer, (Applause) Mark, and Sarah.	Поприветствуйте Фрейю, (Аплодисменты) её тренера (Аплодисменты) Марка и Сару.	en-ru
Of course this is the real star of the show.	這當然才是這場秀的主角	en-zh-tw
Okay so, now what I'm going to ask is if you can all just be a little bit quiet, don't move around too much.	Peço que todos fiquem em silêncio, não se movam muito.	en-pt-br
This is a very strange environment for Freya.	對芙蕾雅來說，這是相當陌生的環境	en-zh-tw
So let's stay as calm as possible; that would be great.	Будьте как можно тише, это было бы замечательно.	en-ru
So what we're going to do here is we're going to ask Freya to move down this line of contraptions here.	Pediremos à Freya para passar por essas engenhocas aqui.	en-pt-br
And in each one of these contraptions we have a pot.	每個裝置裡面都有一個罐子	en-zh-tw
In the pot is a sock that's been worn by a child in The Gambia.	No pote há uma meia usada por uma criança na Gâmbia.	en-pt-br
Now, three of the socks had been worn by children who were uninfected, and just one of the socks was worn by a child who was infected with malaria.	Três das meias foram usadas por crianças que não estavam infectadas e apenas uma delas por uma que estava.	en-pt-br
So just as you'd see an airport, imagine these were people, and the dog is going to go down and have a good sniff.	Assim como vemos num aeroporto, imaginem que eram pessoas e a cachorra vai lá farejar.	en-pt-br
And let's see if you can see when she senses the malaria.	看看你們能不能見牠察覺到瘧疾	en-zh-tw
And if she senses it in there.	還有牠能不能發現瘧疾就在那	en-zh-tw
This is a really tough test for her in this very strange environment.	Este é um teste difícil neste ambiente desconhecido.	en-pt-br
So I'm going to hand over now to Mark.	所以現在我要把現場交給馬克	en-zh-tw
(Laughter) Number three.	(Risos) Número três.	en-pt-br
Okay, there we go. (Applause) I didn't know which pot that was in.	Готово. (Аплодисменты) Я не знал правильного ответа.	en-ru
Mark didn't know which pot that was in.	馬克也不知道裡面是哪個罐子	en-zh-tw
Sarah, was that correct?	Sarah, foi o pote certo?	en-pt-br
That was correct.	Foi sim.	en-pt-br
Well done, Freya!	做得好，芙蕾雅！	en-zh-tw
(Applause) Whew!	(Aplausos)	en-pt-br
That is really wonderful.	И правда удивительно.	en-ru
Okay, that's brilliant.	Isso é genial.	en-pt-br
Now what we're going to do is Sarah's going to change the pots around a little bit; she's going to take the one with malaria away.	Сейчас Сара поменяет местами контейнеры и уберёт тот, что был с запахом малярии.	en-ru
And we're just going to have four pots that are containing socks from children that had no malaria.	現在我們有四個罐子裡面都是未感染兒童的襪子	en-zh-tw
So in theory, Freya should go down the line and not stop at all.	В теории, Фрейя должна пройти вдоль линии, ни разу не остановившись.	en-ru
This is really important because we also need to know people who are not infected; she needs to be able to do that correctly as well.	Это очень важно, так как нам нужны данные и о незаражённых людях, поэтому она должна выполнить тест правильно,	en-ru
This is a really tough test.	что очень непросто.	en-ru
These socks have been in the freezer for a couple of years now.	Эти носки находились в морозильной камере несколько лет.	en-ru
And this is a tiny bit of a sock as well, so imagine if this was a whole person and they were giving off a big signal.	而且這只是那麼一丁點襪子想像如果這是完整的人它們正散發出重要的訊息	en-zh-tw
So this is really quite incredible.	Так что это действительно поражает.	en-ru
Okay, over to you, Mark.	É com você, Mark.	en-pt-br
Fantastic!	太棒了！	en-zh-tw
(Applause) Really super!	(Аплодисменты) Превосходно!	en-ru
Thank you so much, guys.	太感謝你們了	en-zh-tw
Big round of applause for Freya, Mark and Sarah!	讓我們給芙蕾雅、馬克、莎拉一個熱烈的掌聲！	en-zh-tw
(Applause) What a good girl.	(Aplausos) Que boa menina.	en-pt-br
She's going to get a treat later.	待會牠會被好好款待	en-zh-tw
So, you've just seen that for your own eyes.	所以各位剛剛親眼見到	en-zh-tw
I was quite nervous about it. I'm so glad that it worked.	我對此相當緊張但我很高興看到實驗最後成功了	en-zh-tw
(Laughter) But it is really incredible, and when we do this, what we find is that these dogs can correctly tell us when somebody's infected with malaria 81% of the time.	(Risos) Mas é realmente incrível e, quando fazemos isso, descobrimos que esses cães podem nos dizer corretamente quando alguém está infectado com malária em 81% das vezes.	en-pt-br
It's incredible!	Уму непостижимо!	en-ru
92% of the time, they can tell us correctly when somebody does not have an infection.	С точностью 92% они определяют тех, кто не болен малярией.	en-ru
But we can't deploy dogs everywhere.	但是我們無法到處部署這些狗	en-zh-tw
So what we're also looking to do and working on at the moment is the development of technology, wearable tech that would empower the individual to allow them to self-diagnose.	所以我們目前考慮要執行的是發展這項科技可穿戴的科技讓個人能夠進行自我診斷	en-zh-tw

People who don't attract mosquitoes smell repellent, and what we know is - (Laughter) I should clarify: repellent to mosquitoes, not to people.

有些人聞起來令人反感就不會吸引到蚊子，而且我們知道（笑聲）我應該澄清一下：是令「蚊子」反感不是令「人」反感

en-zh-tw

And what we know now is that is actually controlled by our genes.

Так вот, выяснилось, что это заложено в наших генах.

en-ru

But mosquitoes are able to do that because they have a highly sophisticated sense of smell, and they're able to see through all this sort of odour sludge to find you, that individual, and bite you as a blood meal.

Mas mosquitos conseguem fazer isso porque têm um olfato altamente sofisticado e enxergam através dessa névoa de odor para encontrar você, esse indivíduo, e picá-lo como uma refeição de sangue.

en-pt-br

So it's quite complex, but basically what happens is: a mosquito has to bite somebody to become infected.

這相當的複雜，但是基本上是這樣：一隻蚊子叮咬某人後被感染

en-zh-tw

Once it bites an infected person, the parasites travel through the mouth part into the gut, and then bursts through the gut, creates cysts, and then the parasites replicate, and then they make a journey from the gut all the way to the salivary glands, where they are then injected back into another person when the mosquito bites because it injects saliva as it bites.

Как только комар кусает заражённого человека, плазмодии попадают через ротовой аппарат в желудок, проникают на его наружную поверхность, превращаются в ооцисту, где многократно делятся, а затем проделывают обратный путь в слюнные железы. Затем, когда комар начинает пить кровь, он вводит заражённую слюну в кожу жертвы.

en-ru

Then inside the human it goes through a whole other cycle, a whole other part of the life cycle.

接著在人體中寄生蟲會歷經另一個週期整個生命週期中的另一個週期

en-zh-tw

So it goes through a liver stage, changes shape and then comes out into the bloodstream again, and eventually that person will become infectious.

Плазмодии попадают в печень, развиваются и делятся, а затем поступают в кровь, и в итоге человек становится заразным.

en-ru

If this was to happen in the malaria system, it might make sense that it would be something to do with odour that they manipulate because odour is the key, odour's the thing that links us between mosquitoes; that's how they find us.

如果這在瘧疾系統中發生或許能夠說得通一件事情這跟牠們所操控的氣味有關因為氣味是關鍵因素氣味是連結我們與蚊子之間的東西那是牠們找到我們的方式

en-zh-tw

So in Kenya with our colleagues, we designed an experiment where we had participants, children in Kenya, sleep inside tents.

Então, com nossos colegas, criamos um experimento com crianças no Quênia dormindo em tendas.

en-pt-br

The odour from the tent was blown into a chamber which contained mosquitoes.

O odor da barraca foi soprado numa câmara que continha mosquitos.

en-pt-br

And the mosquitoes would behaviourally respond - they would fly towards or fly away from the odours depending on whether they liked them or not.

Eles responderam comportamentalmente, voaram em direção ou para longe dos odores dependendo se os agradavam ou não.

en-pt-br

Now, some of the participants were infected with malaria and some of them were uninfected.

現在有些參與者感染了瘧疾有些則沒被感染

en-zh-tw

But importantly, none of the children had any symptoms whatsoever.

Важно, что ни у кого из детей не было ни малейших симптомов.

en-ru

Now, when we found and saw the results, it was really quite staggering.

Полученные результаты были ошеломительными.

en-ru

Let me explain this graph.

讓我解釋一下這個圖表

en-zh-tw

We have a number of mosquitoes attracted to the child, and we have two sets of data: before treatment and after treatment.

Temos vários mosquitos atraídos pela criança e dois conjuntos de dados: antes e depois do tratamento.

en-pt-br

On the far left hand side, that bar represents somebody - or a group of people who are uninfected.

No lado esquerdo, essa barra representa alguém ou um grupo de pessoas que não estão infectadas.

en-pt-br

And as we move towards the right hand side these people have become infected, and they're moving towards the stage that they're infectious.

E à medida que avançamos para a direita, essas pessoas foram infectadas e estão se movendo em direção ao estágio em que são contagiosas.

en-pt-br

In this study then what we did is we obviously gave the children treatment to clear the parasites, and then we tested them again.

Очевидно, что следующим шагом в исследовании было лечение детей. Плазмодии были убиты, и исследование продолжилось.

en-ru

And what we found was that highly attractive trait that was there disappeared after they had cleared the infection, so it wasn't just that the people were more attractive, it was that the parasite was manipulating its host in some way to make it more attractive to mosquitoes, standing out like a beacon to attract more mosquitoes so that it could continue its life cycle.

Descobrimos que essa característica altamente atrativa que estava lá desaparecia depois de eliminar a infecção. Não eram só as pessoas que eram mais atrativas, o parasita manipulava o hospedeiro de alguma maneira tornando-o mais atrativo para mosquitos, destacando-se como um farol para atraí-los e eles poderem continuar o ciclo de vida.

en-pt-br

So to do that we had to collect the body odour from the participants.

Para fazer isso, tivemos que coletar o odor corporal dos participantes.

en-pt-br

And we did this by wrapping bags around their feet, which allowed us to collect the volatile odours from their feet.

Envolvemos sacos em volta dos pés deles, o que nos permitiu coletar esses odores voláteis.

en-pt-br

And feet's really important to mosquitoes.

Os pés são importantes para os mosquitos, eles realmente amam esse cheiro.

en-pt-br

(Laughter) Especially cheesy feet.

（笑聲）特別是臭腳丫

en-zh-tw

Anybody got cheesy feet out there?

У кого грязные ноги?

en-ru

So we focused on the feet and we collected the body odour.

Nos concentramos nos pés e coletamos o odor corporal.

en-pt-br

Now, when it comes to mosquitoes and olfaction, their sense of smell, it's very complex.

Что касается комаров и их обоняния, оно сложно устроено.

en-ru

Or a recipe, if you get an ingredient wrong, or you cook it too long or too little, it doesn't taste right.

Numa receita, se erramos um ingrediente ou a cozinhamos por muito ou pouco tempo, não fica com um gosto bom.

en-pt-br

Well, smell is the same, it's made up of a suite of chemicals in the right combination.

Com o cheiro é igual, ele é composto de um conjunto de substâncias químicas na combinação certa.

en-pt-br

Now, our machines in the lab are not particularly good at picking out this sort of signal; it's quite complex.

Инструменты в лаборатории даже близко не так хороши в распознавании этого сигнала ввиду сложности.

en-ru

But animals can.

Но животные могут это сделать.

en-ru

And what we do in my laboratory is we connect microelectrodes to the antenna of a mosquito - imagine how fiddly that is.

В лаборатории мы присоединяем микроэлектроды к антенне комара. Приходится повозиться.

en-ru

(Laughter) But what we also do is connect them to individual cells within the antenna, which is incredible.

(Risos) Mas também os conectamos a células individuais dentro da antena, o que é incrível.

en-pt-br

You definitely don't want to sneeze when you're doing this experiment, that's for sure.

你在做這個實驗的時候絕對不想打噴嚏

en-zh-tw

But what this does is it allows us to measure the electrical response of the smell receptors in the antennae, and so that we can see what a mosquito is smelling.

Такой процесс позволяет нам измерить электрическую реакцию обонятельных рецепторов в антеннах. Таким образом, мы видим, что чувствует комар.

en-ru

I'm going to show you what this looks like: here's an insect's cell, and it's responding; it will respond in a second when I press this button.

Vou lhes mostrar como é isso: aqui está a célula de um inseto que responderá em um segundo quando eu apertar este botão.

en-pt-br

You'll see it sort of ticking over with this response.

Vejam que ela reage com essa resposta.

en-pt-br

An odour will be blown over the cell, and it will sort of go a bit crazy, sort of blow a raspberry.

氣味會被吹到這個細胞上接著會變得有些瘋狂它會發出一串呸呸聲

en-zh-tw

Then it will go back to its resting potential when we stop the odour.

當我們停止發出氣味時它會恢復到靜止電位

en-zh-tw

(Clicking) Okay, there we go.

（卡嗒聲）好了，就放到這裡

en-zh-tw

So you can go home now and say that you've now seen an insect smelling and even hearing an insect smelling.

所以你現在可以回家跟別人說你看到昆蟲在聞東西甚至聽到昆蟲在聞東西

en-zh-tw

It's a weird concept, isn't it?

É um conceito estranho, não é?

en-pt-br

Now, using this method with our malaria samples, we were able to find out what the mosquito was detecting.

Usando esse método com nossas amostras de malária, conseguimos descobrir o que o mosquito detectava.

en-pt-br

And we found the malaria associated compounds were a group of compounds, mainly aldehydes, a group of compounds that smelled, that signified the malaria at signal here.

E descobrimos que os compostos associados à malária eram um grupo, principalmente aldeídos, com um cheiro que indicava a malária em sinal aqui.

en-pt-br

So now we know what the smell of malaria is, and we've used the mosquito as a bio-sensor to tell us what the smell of malaria actually is.

Agora sabemos qual é o cheiro da malária e usamos o mosquito como um sensor biológico para nos dizer isso.

en-pt-br

Now, I'd like to imagine that you could, I don't know, put a harness on a little mosquito and, you know, put it on a lead and take it out and see if we can sniff people in a community - that goes on in my head - and see whether we could actually find people with malaria.

現在我想像一下，各位可以放個馬具在一隻小蚊子身上將小蚊子套上繩索，然後將牠帶出場看看我們可否嗅出一群人我的腦海中想著這件事看看我們可否真的找到感染瘧疾的人

en-zh-tw

But, of course, that's not really possible.

但是，這當然不可能是真的

en-zh-tw

Now, dogs have an incredible sense of smell, but there's something a little bit more special about them, they have an ability to learn.

Os cães têm um olfato incrível, mas há algo um pouco mais especial neles: eles têm a capacidade de aprender.

en-pt-br

And most of you will be familiar with this concept at airports, where dogs will go down a line and sniff out your luggage or yourself for drugs and explosives or even food as well.

大多數人在機場對這個概念相當熟悉狗會沿著排隊人群走嗅一下你或是你的行李為了找出毒品、爆裂物或是食物

en-zh-tw

So we wanted to know: Could we actually train dogs to learn the smell of malaria?

Итак, нас интересовало, можем ли мы научить собак распознавать малярию?

en-ru

And we went out to the Gambia and did some more odour collection on children that were infected and uninfected.

Fomos para a Gâmbia e fizemos mais uma coleta de odores em crianças infectadas e não infectadas.

en-pt-br

But this time we collected their odour by making them wear socks, nylon stockings to collect their body odour, and we brought them back to the UK, and then we handed them to this charity to run the experiment.

但這次我們搜集他們穿過的襪子味道用尼龍絲襪來搜集他們的體味然後我們將這些味道帶回英國把這些味道交給這個慈善組織進行實驗

en-zh-tw

Now, I could show you a graph and tell you about how that experiment works, but it'd be a bit dull, wouldn't it?

我現在可以讓你們看圖表讓你們知道實驗進行得如何但這可能會有點無聊，對吧？

en-zh-tw

Now, they do say never work with children or animals live.

主辦單位確實說過別讓孩子和動物在現場示範

en-zh-tw

But we're going to break that rule today.

但是我們今天打破這項規則

en-zh-tw

So, please welcome onto the stage, Freya (Applause) and her trainer, (Applause) Mark, and Sarah.

Поприветствуйте Фрейю, (Аплодисменты) её тренера (Аплодисменты) Марка и Сару.

en-ru

Of course this is the real star of the show.

這當然才是這場秀的主角

en-zh-tw

Okay so, now what I'm going to ask is if you can all just be a little bit quiet, don't move around too much.

Peço que todos fiquem em silêncio, não se movam muito.

en-pt-br

This is a very strange environment for Freya.

對芙蕾雅來說，這是相當陌生的環境

en-zh-tw

So let's stay as calm as possible; that would be great.

Будьте как можно тише, это было бы замечательно.

en-ru

So what we're going to do here is we're going to ask Freya to move down this line of contraptions here.

Pediremos à Freya para passar por essas engenhocas aqui.

en-pt-br

And in each one of these contraptions we have a pot.

每個裝置裡面都有一個罐子

en-zh-tw

In the pot is a sock that's been worn by a child in The Gambia.

No pote há uma meia usada por uma criança na Gâmbia.

en-pt-br

Now, three of the socks had been worn by children who were uninfected, and just one of the socks was worn by a child who was infected with malaria.

Três das meias foram usadas por crianças que não estavam infectadas e apenas uma delas por uma que estava.

en-pt-br

So just as you'd see an airport, imagine these were people, and the dog is going to go down and have a good sniff.

Assim como vemos num aeroporto, imaginem que eram pessoas e a cachorra vai lá farejar.

en-pt-br

And let's see if you can see when she senses the malaria.

看看你們能不能見牠察覺到瘧疾

en-zh-tw

And if she senses it in there.

還有牠能不能發現瘧疾就在那

en-zh-tw

This is a really tough test for her in this very strange environment.

Este é um teste difícil neste ambiente desconhecido.

en-pt-br

So I'm going to hand over now to Mark.

所以現在我要把現場交給馬克

en-zh-tw

(Laughter) Number three.

(Risos) Número três.

en-pt-br

Okay, there we go. (Applause) I didn't know which pot that was in.

Готово. (Аплодисменты) Я не знал правильного ответа.

en-ru

Mark didn't know which pot that was in.

馬克也不知道裡面是哪個罐子

en-zh-tw

Sarah, was that correct?

Sarah, foi o pote certo?

en-pt-br

That was correct.

Foi sim.

en-pt-br

Well done, Freya!

做得好，芙蕾雅！

en-zh-tw

(Applause) Whew!

(Aplausos)

en-pt-br

That is really wonderful.

И правда удивительно.

en-ru

Okay, that's brilliant.

Isso é genial.

en-pt-br

Now what we're going to do is Sarah's going to change the pots around a little bit; she's going to take the one with malaria away.

Сейчас Сара поменяет местами контейнеры и уберёт тот, что был с запахом малярии.

en-ru

And we're just going to have four pots that are containing socks from children that had no malaria.

現在我們有四個罐子裡面都是未感染兒童的襪子

en-zh-tw

So in theory, Freya should go down the line and not stop at all.

В теории, Фрейя должна пройти вдоль линии, ни разу не остановившись.

en-ru

This is really important because we also need to know people who are not infected; she needs to be able to do that correctly as well.

Это очень важно, так как нам нужны данные и о незаражённых людях, поэтому она должна выполнить тест правильно,

en-ru

This is a really tough test.

что очень непросто.

en-ru

These socks have been in the freezer for a couple of years now.

Эти носки находились в морозильной камере несколько лет.

en-ru

And this is a tiny bit of a sock as well, so imagine if this was a whole person and they were giving off a big signal.

而且這只是那麼一丁點襪子想像如果這是完整的人它們正散發出重要的訊息

en-zh-tw

So this is really quite incredible.

Так что это действительно поражает.

en-ru

Okay, over to you, Mark.

É com você, Mark.

en-pt-br

Fantastic!

太棒了！

en-zh-tw

(Applause) Really super!

(Аплодисменты) Превосходно!

en-ru

Thank you so much, guys.

太感謝你們了

en-zh-tw

Big round of applause for Freya, Mark and Sarah!

讓我們給芙蕾雅、馬克、莎拉一個熱烈的掌聲！

en-zh-tw

(Applause) What a good girl.

(Aplausos) Que boa menina.

en-pt-br

She's going to get a treat later.

待會牠會被好好款待

en-zh-tw

So, you've just seen that for your own eyes.

所以各位剛剛親眼見到

en-zh-tw

I was quite nervous about it. I'm so glad that it worked.

我對此相當緊張但我很高興看到實驗最後成功了

en-zh-tw

(Laughter) But it is really incredible, and when we do this, what we find is that these dogs can correctly tell us when somebody's infected with malaria 81% of the time.

(Risos) Mas é realmente incrível e, quando fazemos isso, descobrimos que esses cães podem nos dizer corretamente quando alguém está infectado com malária em 81% das vezes.

en-pt-br

It's incredible!

Уму непостижимо!

en-ru

92% of the time, they can tell us correctly when somebody does not have an infection.

С точностью 92% они определяют тех, кто не болен малярией.

en-ru

But we can't deploy dogs everywhere.

但是我們無法到處部署這些狗

en-zh-tw

So what we're also looking to do and working on at the moment is the development of technology, wearable tech that would empower the individual to allow them to self-diagnose.

所以我們目前考慮要執行的是發展這項科技可穿戴的科技讓個人能夠進行自我診斷

en-zh-tw