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▁T anz ania ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Dar ▁es ▁S ala am ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Play : ▁A ▁Play ▁is ▁a ▁play ▁written ▁by ▁Graham ▁H oll iday , ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Samuel ▁French . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁The ▁play ▁features ▁Michael , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁better ▁actors ▁in ▁a ▁fict ional ▁amateur ▁theatre ▁society , ▁The ▁Sh ells foot ▁Th es pi ans , ▁who ▁dream s ▁of ▁direct ing ▁William ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁Mac b eth , ▁which ▁is ▁known ▁in ▁the ▁real ▁the atr ical ▁world ▁as ▁" The ▁Scottish ▁Play ". ▁Real ▁the atr ical ▁custom ▁has ▁it ▁to ▁not ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁play ▁by ▁its ▁real ▁name , ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁myth ical ▁cur se . ▁When ▁his ▁wife ▁and ▁his ▁best ▁friend ▁are ▁cast ▁in ▁the ▁leading ▁parts , ▁Michael ▁begins ▁to ▁wonder ▁if ▁this ▁is ▁due ▁by ▁his ▁stub born ▁desire ▁to ▁direct ▁at ▁all ▁costs , ▁or ▁by ▁the ▁cur se ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁play . ▁Despite ▁problems , ▁he ▁has ▁separated ▁his ▁personal ▁life ▁from ▁his ▁professional ▁life , ▁and ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁support ▁from ▁all ▁but ▁the ▁set ▁designer ▁and ▁techn ician , ▁he ▁continues ▁with ▁the ▁production . ▁ ▁References ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Play : ▁A ▁Play , ▁Graham ▁H oll iday . ▁Samuel ▁French , ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁AS IN : ▁B 0 0 0 V NG Y 1 0 ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Play : ▁A ▁Play ▁( Act ing ▁Edition ). ▁Samuel ▁French , |
▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁'' The ▁Scottish ▁Play : ▁A ▁Play " ▁at ▁play database ▁The ▁Scottish ▁Play ▁at ▁World cat ▁reviews ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁performance ▁at ▁the ▁Edward ▁Alter ton ▁Theatre , ▁England ▁ ▁Category : English ▁plays ▁Category : Com edy ▁plays ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁plays ▁Category : Pl ays ▁and ▁musical s ▁based ▁on ▁Mac b eth <0x0A> </s> ▁Al ison ▁Mar ion ▁G ur ney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 7 ) ▁is ▁professor ▁of ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Manchester . ▁ ▁She ▁previously ▁held ▁the ▁W . C . ▁Bow man ▁Chair ▁of ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Str ath c ly de , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁appointed ▁to ▁a ▁science ▁professor ship ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁Professor ▁of ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁in ▁Scotland . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁research ▁into ▁the ▁ph arm ac ology ▁and ▁phys i ological ▁roles ▁of ▁ion ▁channels , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁pul mon ary ▁circul ation . ▁ ▁Education ▁G ur ney ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Pr est wick ▁Academy ▁before ▁att ending ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Aber de en , ▁where ▁she ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁B Sc ▁degree ▁in ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁then ▁University ▁College ▁London , ▁where ▁she ▁obtained ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁under ▁the ▁super vision ▁of ▁Professor ▁Hum ph rey ▁Rang . |
▁T ogether ▁they ▁identified ▁a ▁novel ▁mechanism ▁by ▁which ▁dru gs ▁that ▁block ▁ne uro trans mission ▁across ▁autonom ic ▁gang lia ▁interact ▁with ▁neur onal ▁nic ot in ic ▁re cept ors . ▁ ▁Career ▁and ▁research ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁G ur ney ▁moved ▁to ▁California ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁post do ctor al ▁research ▁with ▁Henry ▁L ester ▁at ▁the ▁California ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology , ▁making ▁use ▁of ▁novel ▁light - sens itive ▁comp ounds ▁to ▁study ▁the ▁interactions ▁between ▁dru gs ▁and ▁re cept ors . ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁UK ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁to ▁take ▁up ▁a ▁lect ures hip ▁in ▁ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁United ▁Medical ▁and ▁D ental ▁School s ▁of ▁Guy ' s ▁and ▁St ▁Thomas ' s ▁hosp it als ▁( now ▁part ▁of ▁King ' s ▁College ), ▁where ▁she ▁established ▁a ▁labor atory ▁investig ating ▁ion ▁channels ▁in ▁the ▁card i ov asc ular ▁system ▁as ▁a ▁target ▁for ▁dru gs ▁to ▁treat ▁card i ov asc ular ▁disease . ▁While ▁there ▁she ▁identified ▁a ▁positive ▁feedback ▁effect ▁of ▁cy top las mic ▁Ca 2 + ▁on ▁card iac ▁calci um ▁channels , ▁a ▁role ▁for ▁ATP - sens itive ▁pot ass ium ▁channels ▁in ▁reg ulating ▁the ▁memb rane ▁potential ▁of ▁ar tery ▁smooth ▁mus cle ▁cells ▁and ▁the ▁main ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁ion ▁channels ▁that ▁set ▁the ▁rest ing ▁potential ▁of ▁pul mon ary ▁ar tery ▁smooth ▁mus cle ▁cells . ▁▁▁▁ ▁After |
▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁London , ▁G ur ney ▁moved ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁to ▁take ▁up ▁the ▁W . C . ▁Bow man ▁Chair ▁of ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Str ath c ly de . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁next ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁she ▁continued ▁studying ▁the ▁pul mon ary ▁circul ation , ▁ident ifying ▁key ▁roles ▁for ▁store - oper ated ▁SO C ▁channels ▁and ▁the ▁two - p ore - domain ▁pot ass ium ▁channel ▁T AS K - 1 ▁in ▁reg ulating ▁pul mon ary ▁ar tery ▁tone ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁pul mon ary ▁hy pert ension . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁phys ic ists ▁All ister ▁Fer g us on ▁and ▁John ▁G irk in , ▁she ▁founded ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁Bi oph ot on ics ▁and ▁acted ▁as ▁its ▁Director ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁ 5 ▁years . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁G ur ney ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Manchester , ▁where ▁she ▁continues ▁to ▁study ▁ion ▁channels ▁in ▁pul mon ary ▁ar tery ▁disease , ▁ident ifying ▁K CN Q ▁channels ▁as ▁a ▁possible ▁bi ological ▁target ▁for ▁dru gs ▁to ▁treat ▁pul mon ary ▁hy pert ension . ▁ ▁Rec ogn ition ▁ ▁G ur ney ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁British ▁Ph arm ac ological ▁Society ▁S ando z ▁prize ▁for ▁her ▁research ▁in ▁ph arm ac ology ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Ph arma ce ut ical ▁Society ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Conference ▁Science ▁Medal |
▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁a ▁Royal ▁Society ▁Le ver h ul me ▁Trust ▁Senior ▁Research ▁Fellow ship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁G ur ney ' s ▁papers , ▁" The ▁channel - block ing ▁action ▁of ▁m eth on ium ▁comp ounds ▁on ▁rat ▁subm and ib ular ▁gang l ion ▁cells " ▁was ▁recogn ised ▁in ▁" Land marks ▁in ▁Ph arm ac ology ", ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁papers ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁Journal ▁of ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁during ▁its ▁first ▁ 5 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Manchester ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Str ath c ly de ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁A yr <0x0A> </s> ▁Cab er f ae ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁and ▁census - design ated ▁place ▁in ▁W ex ford ▁County , ▁Michigan , ▁United ▁States . ▁Its ▁population ▁was ▁ 6 4 ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁Cab er f ae ▁Pe aks ▁Ski ▁& ▁G olf ▁Res ort ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Cab er f ae . ▁ ▁Geography ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁community ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁all ▁of ▁it ▁land . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁W ex |
ford ▁County , ▁Michigan ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁W ex ford ▁County , ▁Michigan ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Michigan <0x0A> </s> ▁Serv ig ney ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁Ha ute - Sa ône ▁department ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Bour g ogne - Fran che - Com té ▁in ▁eastern ▁France . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁Ha ute - Sa ône ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁Ha ute - Sa ône <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁chap ters ▁for ▁the ▁m anga ▁series ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a , ▁written ▁and ▁illustrated ▁by ▁Chi ho ▁S ait o ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁story ▁by ▁Be - P ap as . ▁ ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a ▁began ▁serial ization ▁in ▁the ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁issue ▁of ▁Sh og ak uk an ' s ▁month ly ▁sh ō jo ▁m anga ▁magazine ▁C iao . ▁The ▁series ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁with ▁five ▁tank ō bon ▁volumes ▁being ▁released . ▁It ▁was ▁lic ensed ▁for ▁an ▁English - language ▁release ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁by ▁V iz ▁Media ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁first ▁ ▁serial ized ▁in ▁V iz ' s ▁m anga ▁magazine ▁An imer ica ▁Ext ra ▁and ▁later ▁published ▁in ▁five ▁trade ▁paper back |
▁volumes ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁V iz ▁re - re leased ▁the ▁series ▁in ▁a ▁two - volume ▁hard cover ▁box ▁set ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a : ▁The ▁Ad oles c ence ▁of ▁U ten a ▁A ▁m anga ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁film ▁Ad oles c ence ▁of ▁U ten a ▁written ▁and ▁illustrated ▁by ▁S ait o ▁was ▁serial ized ▁from ▁May ▁to ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁in ▁the ▁m anga ▁magazine ▁B ess ats u ▁Sh ō jo ▁Com ic ▁Special . ▁While ▁the ▁m anga ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁one - to - one ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁film , ▁it ▁broad ly ▁incorpor ates ▁its ▁major ▁plot ▁points ; ▁S ait o ▁has ▁commented ▁that ▁she ▁regards ▁the ▁m anga ▁as ▁a ▁more ▁direct ▁story , ▁while ▁the ▁film ▁is ▁more ▁them atic ▁and ▁abstract . ▁As ▁the ▁m anga ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁edition ▁of ▁B ess ats u ▁Sh ō jo ▁Com ic ▁aim ed ▁at ▁a ▁j ose i ▁audience ▁( older ▁te en age ▁girls ▁and ▁adult ▁women ), ▁it ▁maintain s ▁a ▁more ▁m ature ▁tone ▁relative ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a ▁m anga ▁and ▁an ime . ▁An ▁English - language ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁m anga ▁lic ensed ▁by ▁V iz ▁Media ▁was ▁serial ized ▁in ▁An imer ica |
▁Ext ra ▁before ▁being ▁published ▁as ▁a ▁collected ▁volume ▁by ▁V iz ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a : ▁After ▁the ▁Revolution ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Sh og ak uk an ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁chapter ▁of ▁an ▁U ten a ▁sequ el ▁series ▁written ▁and ▁illustrated ▁by ▁S ait o , ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a : ▁After ▁the ▁Revolution , ▁would ▁be ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁September ▁issue ▁of ▁its ▁month ly ▁j ose i ▁m anga ▁magazine ▁Flow ers . ▁Two ▁additional ▁chap ters ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁March ▁and ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁issues . ▁Re leased ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁an ime ▁series , ▁After ▁the ▁Revolution ▁dep ict s ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁cast ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁series . ▁Sh og ak uk an ▁collected ▁all ▁three ▁chap ters ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁tank ō bon ▁volume ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁An ▁English - language ▁translation ▁of ▁After ▁the ▁Revolution ▁will ▁be ▁published ▁by ▁V iz ▁Media ▁in ▁Fall ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Re volution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a ▁Revolution ary ▁Girl ▁U ten a <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Jackson , ▁Mississippi . ▁The |
▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁has ▁attract ed ▁people ▁from ▁across ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁beyond ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 ▁years . ▁The ▁zoo ▁bo asts ▁an ▁animal ▁collection ▁representing ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁species ▁and ▁nearly ▁ 3 8 0 ▁individual ▁animals ▁that ▁provide ▁g lim ps es ▁of ▁native ▁wild life ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁The ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁is ▁situated ▁within ▁the ▁historic ▁ ▁Living ston ▁Park ▁and ▁wel comes ▁approximately ▁ 1 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁visitors ▁ann ually ▁from ▁Mississippi ▁and ▁surrounding ▁states . ▁▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁school ▁children ▁make ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁zoo ▁throughout ▁the ▁school ▁year . ▁ ▁Gu ests ▁can ▁also ▁enjoy ▁fare ▁from ▁the ▁Ele ph ant ▁House ▁Ca fe , ▁purchase ▁keeps ake ▁mer ch and ise ▁from ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁Tr ading ▁Company . ▁ ▁Pic n ics ▁are ▁permitted ▁in ▁Living ston ▁Park ▁and ▁r ides ▁are ▁available ▁on ▁the ▁End anger ed ▁Species ▁Car ousel ▁or ▁the ▁train . ▁A ▁S pl ash ▁Pad ▁is ▁open ▁in ▁the ▁summer . ▁ ▁The ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁zoo ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁( be hind ▁the ▁ ▁T up elo ▁Buff alo ▁Park ▁and ▁Z oo ) ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁zoo ▁acc red ited ▁by ▁the ▁Z oo ▁and ▁Aqu arium ▁Association ▁( Z AA ) ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁the ▁city ▁of |
▁Jackson ▁purchased ▁from ▁Samuel ▁Living ston ▁ ▁of ▁und e velop ed ▁land , ▁then ▁on ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁town . ▁By ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁fire fig h ters ▁were ▁collect ing ▁various ▁animals , ▁housing ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁fire ▁station , ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁Building . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁collection ▁had ▁evol ved ▁from ▁rabb its ▁and ▁squ ir rel s ▁to ▁include ▁ex ot ics ▁like ▁z eb ras , ▁the ▁city ▁decided ▁to ▁move ▁them ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁purchased ▁land ▁and ▁the ▁Living ston ▁Park ▁Z oo ▁was ▁created . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁many ▁new ▁buildings ▁were ▁ere cted ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁the ▁Works ▁Progress ▁Administration ▁( W PA ) ▁during ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression . ▁The ▁City ▁of ▁Jackson , ▁like ▁almost ▁every ▁other ▁city ▁and ▁state , ▁used ▁funds ▁from ▁the ▁New ▁De al ▁programs ▁to ▁create ▁construction ▁jobs ▁for ▁its ▁citizens ▁in ▁those ▁hard ▁times . ▁With ▁the ▁public ▁works , ▁the ▁City ▁and ▁zoo ▁director ▁I rl ▁Ben nett ▁left ▁a ▁her itage ▁of ▁facilities ▁that ▁have ▁served ▁Jackson ▁for ▁some ▁ 8 0 ▁years . ▁Today , ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁buildings ▁constructed ▁by ▁the ▁W PA ▁are ▁still ▁standing . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁the ▁Castle ▁served ▁as ▁Mon key ▁Island , ▁housing ▁several ▁dozen ▁r hes us ▁mac a ques ▁and ▁the ▁Ele ph ant |
▁House ▁C afé ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁young ▁Asian ▁ele ph ant . ▁The ▁grounds ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁park ▁to ▁its ▁visitors , ▁with ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁zoo ' s ▁land ▁remaining ▁open , ▁a ▁scen ic ▁location ▁with ▁a ▁lake ▁for ▁visitors ▁to ▁enjoy ▁during ▁the ▁hot ▁sum mers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁the ▁collection ▁was ▁expanded ▁thanks ▁to ▁the ▁efforts ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Jacob ▁L . ▁Red d ix , ▁President ▁of ▁Jackson ▁State ▁College . ▁With ▁his ▁help , ▁the ▁zoo ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁purchase ▁several ▁rain ▁forest ▁spec im ens ▁from ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁Liber ia , ▁including ▁three ▁ch imp anze es , ▁three ▁rare ▁mang ab ey ▁mon keys , ▁a ▁col ob us ▁mon key , ▁a ▁lem ur , ▁and ▁two ▁p yth ons . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁three ▁African ▁American ▁residents ▁of ▁Jackson ▁su ed ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Jackson ▁for ▁de ▁fact o ▁seg reg ation ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁recre ational ▁facilities , ▁including ▁the ▁city ' s ▁zoo , ▁golf ▁courses , ▁po ols , ▁and ▁par ks . ▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁a ▁three ▁judge ▁panel ▁concluded ▁that ▁the ▁arrest ▁of ▁an ▁African ▁American ▁" boy ▁and ▁girl " ▁at ▁Living ston ▁Park ▁was ▁an ▁" is ol ated ▁public ity ▁st unt ," ▁the ▁court ▁did ▁not ▁agree ▁with ▁the ▁city ' s ▁argument ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁" vol unt ary ▁seg reg ation " ▁and ▁supported ▁the ▁ra |
cial ▁integration ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁Jackson ' s ▁recre ational ▁facilities , ▁including ▁Jackson ▁Z oo . ▁ ▁So on ▁there after , ▁instead ▁of ▁allowing ▁for ▁a ▁se am less ▁integration ▁of ▁the ▁Jackson ' s ▁recre ational ▁facilities , ▁Mayor ▁Thompson ▁ordered ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁public ▁po ols ▁and ▁bath rooms ▁closed , ▁while ▁also ▁removing ▁ben ches ▁and ▁pic nic ▁tables ▁from ▁public ▁par ks , ▁including ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁the ▁children ' s ▁pet ting ▁zoo ▁was ▁added , ▁later ▁renov ated ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁Disc overy ▁Z oo . ▁An ▁animal ▁hospital ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁perform ▁routine ▁check ups , ▁for ▁sur ger ies ▁for ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁residents , ▁and ▁to ▁quar antine ▁new ▁arrival s ▁before ▁they ▁can ▁live ▁amongst ▁the ▁permanent ▁collection . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁James ▁L . ▁Sw ig ert ▁became ▁the ▁director . ▁With ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁Council ▁and ▁a ▁design ▁group , ▁he ▁put ▁together ▁the ▁first ▁Master ▁Plan . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁taking ▁in ▁more ▁space ▁from ▁Living ston ▁Park ▁allowed ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁Ex hib it . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁Barbara ▁Bar rett ▁Pia zza ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁director . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁acc red itation ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Zo os ▁and ▁Aqu ari |
ums ▁( now ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁A Z A ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁the ▁state ▁government ▁provided ▁$ 4 ▁million ▁for ▁improvements ▁to ▁the ▁facilities . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁city ▁agreed ▁to ▁a ▁$ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁match . ▁In cluding ▁the ▁African ▁Sav ann ah ▁and ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁W ilder ness ▁Ex hib its , ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁largest ▁capital ▁improvement ▁project ▁in ▁the ▁zoo ' s ▁history . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁zoo ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁community ▁organization ▁called ▁Z APP ▁( Z oo ▁Area ▁Progress ive ▁Part ners hip ) ▁in ▁an ▁ende avor ▁to ▁assist ▁with ▁the ▁reg ener ation ▁of ▁the ▁neighborhood s ▁surrounding ▁the ▁location . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁the ▁Z oo ▁installed ▁a ▁new ▁End anger ed ▁Species ▁Car ousel . ▁Bu ilt ▁with ▁the ▁site ▁in ▁mind , ▁it ▁features ▁z eb ras , ▁le op ards , ▁g ira ff es , ▁and ▁t ig ers ▁to ▁ride , ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁horses . ▁Even ▁an ▁all ig ator ▁ben ch ▁was ▁built , ▁with ▁hand ic apped ▁access ibility . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁African ▁Sav ann ah ▁Ex hib it ▁opened ▁to ▁the ▁public . ▁Barbara ▁Pia zza ▁retired ▁as ▁director ; ▁Beth ▁P off ▁became ▁the ▁fifth . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the |
▁W ilder ness ▁Mississippi ▁area ▁opened . ▁Ren ov ations ▁were ▁completed ▁to ▁exhib it ▁two ▁or ang ut ans ▁from ▁Bor neo . ▁The ▁zoo ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁" S ou thern ▁Tra vel ▁Tre asure " ▁by ▁A AA ▁Magazine . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁recogn izing ▁the ▁expanded ▁facilities , ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁" Tra vel ▁Att raction ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁presented ▁by ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁Tour ism ▁Association ; ▁it ▁received ▁the ▁" Att raction ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁at ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Convention ▁& ▁Vis itors ▁Bureau ▁Sum mit ▁Awards . ▁Draw ings ▁began ▁for ▁Asia ▁exhib it ▁improvements , ▁including ▁a ▁new ▁t iger ▁facility ▁and ▁a ▁water ▁garden . ▁ ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁a ▁ground bre aking ▁was ▁held ▁for ▁the ▁Ger tr ude ▁C . ▁Ford ▁Education ▁Center ▁in ▁the ▁W ilder ness ▁Mississippi ▁area . ▁In ▁October ▁that ▁year , ▁renov ations ▁were ▁completed ▁in ▁the ▁animal ▁hospital , ▁with ▁state ▁fund ing ▁and ▁don ations ▁from ▁Bapt ist ▁Medical ▁Center . ▁ ▁In ▁August , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁amid ▁an ▁on going ▁fund ing ▁crisis , ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Zo ological ▁Society ▁asked ▁for , ▁and ▁received , ▁Director ▁P off ' s ▁res ignation ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Jackson ▁provided ▁a ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁b ail out . ▁ ▁Director ▁P off ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁res ign ▁for ▁mis |
using ▁state ▁funds ▁to ▁impro per ly ▁cover ▁operating ▁costs , ▁an ▁event ▁that ▁caused ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Jackson ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁search ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Zo ological ▁Society ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁man aging ▁the ▁Z oo ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁As ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁the ▁zoo ▁is ▁closed ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁ ▁Ex hib its ▁and ▁animal ▁collection ▁▁ ▁The ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁currently ▁has ▁nearly ▁ 3 8 0 ▁animals , ▁representing ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁different ▁species ▁from ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁world . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁zoo ▁is ▁renov ating ▁many ▁of ▁its ▁older ▁exhib its ▁to ▁new ▁exhib its ▁that ▁simulate ▁the ▁animal ' s ▁natural ▁environment ▁so ▁that ▁visitors ▁can ▁not ▁only ▁see ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁beautiful ▁animals , ▁but ▁also ▁the ▁scen ery ▁in ▁which ▁these ▁animals ▁live . ▁ ▁The ▁zoo ▁has ▁several ▁areas ▁dedicated ▁to ▁specific ▁places ▁on ▁Earth , ▁including ▁the ▁African ▁Rain for est , ▁African ▁Sav ann ah , ▁W ilder ness ▁Mississippi , ▁Fro gg y ▁B ottom , ▁Jew els ▁of ▁South ▁America ▁A vi ary , ▁the ▁Disc overy ▁Z oo , ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁exhib its ▁throughout ▁the ▁ ▁park . ▁ ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁▁ ▁The ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁is ▁a ▁board walk ▁off ▁the ▁main ▁path ▁of ▁the ▁zoo ▁that ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁sub mer se ▁visitors ▁into ▁the ▁dense ▁j ung le ▁of ▁the ▁forest . ▁This ▁sim |
ulated ▁e cos ystem ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁zoo ' s ▁more ▁popular ▁residents , ▁including ▁the ▁ch imp anze es ▁and ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁zoo ' s ▁mon key ▁exhib its . ▁▁ ▁P yg my ▁hi pp op ot am us ▁pool ▁- ▁The ▁first ▁exhib it ▁on ▁the ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁is ▁a ▁large ▁lake ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁wooden ▁board walk . ▁In ▁this ▁lake , ▁with ▁the ▁native ▁red ▁e ared ▁sl iders , ▁river ▁co ot ers , ▁and ▁fish , ▁are ▁two ▁pyg my ▁hi pp op ot am uses . ▁Sm aller ▁than ▁their ▁larger ▁c ous ins , ▁the ▁N ile ▁hi pp op ot am us , ▁these ▁m amm als ▁typically ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁either ▁in ▁their ▁lake , ▁or ▁w allow ing ▁in ▁several ▁of ▁their ▁mud ▁holes ▁in ▁the ▁back ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁exhib it . ▁▁ ▁Ch imp anze e ▁Island ▁- ▁The ▁zoo ▁currently ▁has ▁seven ▁ch imp anze es , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁live ▁on ▁a ▁large ▁Island ▁in ▁the ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁exhib it . ▁The ▁zoo ▁has ▁two ▁males ▁and ▁five ▁females , ▁and ▁to ▁ensure ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁males , ▁the ▁zoo ▁keeps ▁a ▁pair , ▁male ▁and ▁female , ▁and ▁a ▁family ▁group , ▁the ▁other ▁male ▁and ▁the ▁four ▁females ▁separated . ▁ ▁To ▁accommod ate ▁both ▁groups ▁of ▁great ▁ap es , ▁the ▁zoo ▁altern ates ▁the ▁pair ▁and ▁family ▁groups ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁island |
▁each ▁day , ▁letting ▁the ▁other ▁group ▁only ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁inside ▁en closure , ▁a ▁building ▁sim ulated ▁to ▁look ▁like ▁a ▁large ▁rock / cl iff ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁Island . ▁▁ ▁Red - ta iled ▁gu en on , ▁col ob us ▁mon key ▁and ▁k li ps pring er ▁exhib it ▁- ▁this ▁mixed ▁exhib it , ▁with ▁two ▁different ▁species ▁of ▁mon key ▁and ▁a ▁de er ▁like ▁animal ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁show ▁visitors ▁how ▁many ▁animals ▁co exist ▁within ▁the ▁same ▁environment . ▁The ▁zoo ▁has ▁several ▁of ▁both ▁species ▁of ▁prim ates , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁can ▁typically ▁be ▁seen ▁playing ▁with ▁several ▁en rich ment ▁items ▁that ▁ke eper ▁staff ▁give ▁to ▁these ▁in quis itive ▁animals . ▁▁ ▁The ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁Rain for est ▁has ▁several ▁exhib its ▁with ▁animals ▁that ▁occup y ▁various ▁nich es ▁within ▁the ▁rain for est ▁e cos ystem , ▁including ▁D iana ▁mon keys , ▁red ▁river ▁h ogs , ▁golden - bel lied ▁mang abe ys , ▁and ▁rock ▁hy ra xes . ▁On ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁the ▁board walk ▁as ▁the ▁scen ery ▁changes ▁from ▁dense ▁j ung le ▁to ▁open ▁land , ▁the ▁zoo ▁introdu ces ▁a ▁m amm al ▁that ▁would ▁typically ▁live ▁in ▁an ▁open ▁sav ann ah ▁in ▁Africa , ▁the ▁southern ▁white ▁r hin oc eros . ▁ ▁African ▁Sav ann ah ▁▁ ▁The ▁zoo ' s ▁African ▁Sav ann ah ▁exhib it ▁is |
▁built ▁as ▁two ▁large ▁open ▁pla ins , ▁separated ▁by ▁a ▁small ▁row ▁of ▁trees . ▁Comple ted ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁these ▁mixed ▁exhib its ▁were ▁designed ▁so ▁that ▁when ▁visitors ▁view ▁its ▁residents , ▁they ▁feel ▁like ▁they ▁are ▁out ▁on ▁a ▁field ▁expedition ▁on ▁the ▁open ▁Sav ann ah . ▁ ▁The ▁Sav ann ah ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁many ▁species ▁of ▁ant el ope , ▁birds , ▁and ▁even ▁re pt iles . ▁The ▁zoo ▁accommod ates ▁this ▁by ▁having ▁a ▁large ▁field , ▁with ▁several ▁night ▁houses ▁for ▁the ▁animals ▁to ▁sleep ▁in ▁and ▁several ▁places ▁for ▁the ▁we ary ▁animals ▁to ▁hide ▁if ▁need ▁be . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁zoo ▁has ▁several ▁animals ▁calling ▁the ▁African ▁Sav ann ah ▁home , ▁including ▁s able ▁ant el ope , ▁N ile ▁le ch we , ▁add ra ▁gaz elle , ▁sp ur - wing ed ▁ge ese , ▁African ▁sp ur red ▁tort o ises , ▁z eb ra , ▁w att led ▁c ran es , ▁and ▁o str ich es . ▁ ▁W ilder ness ▁Mississippi ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁opened ▁its ▁new est ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁park , ▁a ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁zoo ▁dedicated ▁completely ▁to ▁Mississippi ' s ▁most ▁beautiful ▁cre atures . ▁With ▁newly ▁designed ▁exhib its ▁port ray ing ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁states ▁natural ▁e cos ystem s , ▁the ▁Jackson ▁Z oo ▁has ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁states ▁most |
▁represented ▁animals ▁including ▁black ▁be ars , ▁mountain ▁l ions , ▁and ▁r att les n akes ▁now ▁calling ▁the ▁zoo ▁home . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁building ▁found ▁on ▁the ▁zoo ' s ▁new ▁facility ▁is ▁the ▁Back yard ▁Cre atures , ▁a ▁ven om ous ▁s nake ▁house . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Z o os ▁in ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Jackson , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Land marks ▁in ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Work s ▁Progress ▁Administration ▁in ▁Mississippi ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Jackson , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁of ▁H inds ▁County , ▁Mississippi <0x0A> </s> ▁Mul atu ▁T es home ▁W irt u ▁( Ge ' ez : ▁ <0xE1> <0x88> <0x99> <0xE1> <0x88> <0x8B> <0xE1> <0x89> <0xB1> ▁ <0xE1> <0x89> <0xB0> <0xE1> <0x88> <0xBE> <0xE1> <0x88> <0x98> ▁ <0xE1> <0x8B> <0x8D> <0xE1> <0x88> <0xAD> <0xE1> <0x89> <0xB1> ; ▁born ▁ 1 9 5 7 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Eth iop ian ▁politician ▁who ▁was ▁President ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁from ▁ 7 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁ 2 5 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Mul atu ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Ar jo ▁in ▁We leg a ▁Province . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁in ▁China , ▁receiving ▁his ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁philosophy ▁of ▁political ▁economy ▁and ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁international ▁law ▁at ▁P ek ing |
▁University . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁Master ▁of ▁Arts ▁in ▁Law ▁and ▁Diplom acy ▁from ▁The ▁F let cher ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁and ▁Diplom acy ▁at ▁Tu ft s ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁He ▁taught ▁at ▁some ▁" fore ign ▁univers ities ▁and ▁institutions ", ▁according ▁to ▁Spe aker ▁Ab ad ula ▁Gem eda . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s ▁he ▁was ▁Deput y ▁Minister ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Development ▁and ▁Co operation ▁under ▁Minister ▁Gir ma ▁Bir ru , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Federation ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁Eth iop ia ' s ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁China , ▁Japan , ▁Turkey , ▁and ▁A zer ba ij an . ▁ ▁While ▁serving ▁as ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Turkey , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁by ▁a ▁un anim ous ▁parliament ary ▁vote ▁on ▁ 7 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁Gir ma ▁Se if u ▁of ▁the ▁Unity ▁for ▁Dem ocracy ▁and ▁Justice , ▁the ▁sole ▁opposition ▁member ▁of ▁parliament , ▁wel com ed ▁his ▁election . ▁Like ▁his ▁prede cess ors ▁Gir ma ▁Wol de - Gi org is ▁and ▁Neg asso ▁G id ada , ▁he ▁is ▁O rom o . ▁ ▁Mul atu ▁has ▁one ▁son . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 |
5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁to ▁China ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁to ▁Japan ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁to ▁Turkey ▁Category : G overn ment ▁minister s ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : O rom o ▁people ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁Category : P ek ing ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Be ij ing ▁Language ▁and ▁Culture ▁University ▁Category : E th iop ian ▁Orth odox ▁Christians ▁Category : E th iop ian ▁Oriental ▁Orth odox ▁Christians ▁Category : O rom o ▁Pe op les ' ▁Democratic ▁Organ ization ▁polit icians ▁Category : E th iop ian ▁People ' s ▁Revolution ary ▁Democratic ▁Front ▁polit icians ▁Category : Spe akers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Federation ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Eth iop ia ▁to ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁O rom ia ▁Region <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁page ▁covers ▁all ▁the ▁important ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁sport ▁of ▁tennis ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Prim arily , ▁it ▁provides ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁notable ▁tournament s ▁throughout ▁the ▁year ▁on ▁both ▁the ▁ATP ▁and ▁W TA ▁T ours , ▁the ▁Davis ▁Cup , ▁and ▁the ▁Fed ▁Cup . ▁ ▁Import ant ▁Events ▁ ▁January ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁has ▁won ▁the ▁Hy und ai ▁Hop man ▁Cup ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁with ▁top ▁se eds ▁Pet |
ra ▁K v it ová ▁and ▁Tom áš ▁B erd ych ▁going ▁right ▁through ▁the ▁week ▁un be aten ▁in ▁singles ▁ending ▁with ▁straight - set ▁singles ▁vict ories ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁inside ▁the ▁B urs wood ▁D ome , ▁Per th ▁on ▁January ▁ 7 ▁against ▁France ' s ▁Mar ion ▁Bart oli ▁and ▁Richard ▁Gas quet . ▁The ▁mixed - d ou bles ▁match ▁was ▁not ▁played ▁because ▁the ▁championship ▁was ▁decided ▁in ▁singles . ▁▁ ▁Andy ▁Murray ▁began ▁the ▁season ▁by ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁International ▁making ▁his ▁debut ▁appearance ▁at ▁the ▁tournament ▁as ▁the ▁top ▁seed ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁also ▁winning ▁the ▁title ▁against ▁Alexand r ▁Dol g opol ov ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁▁ ▁Est onian ▁tennis ▁player ▁Ka ia ▁Kan ep i ▁won ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁International ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Daniel a ▁H ant uch ová ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁▁▁ ▁Mil os ▁Ra onic ▁wins ▁A irc el ▁Chen na i ▁Open ▁in ▁Chen na i , ▁India , ▁over comes ▁J ank o ▁T ips are vić ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁Ra onic ▁did ▁not ▁drop ▁serve ▁during ▁the ▁tournament , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁since ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Ger ry ▁We ber ▁Open . ▁▁ ▁Zh eng ▁J ie ▁began ▁the ▁season ▁by ▁winning ▁the ▁A SB ▁Classic ▁over ▁F lav ia ▁Pen net ta ▁as ▁she ▁retired ▁due ▁to ▁injury . ▁▁ ▁Jo - Wil fried ▁Ts ong |
a , ▁began ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁at ▁the ▁Q atar ▁Ex x on M obil ▁Open ▁in ▁D oh a , ▁as ▁the ▁# 3 ▁seed ▁of ▁the ▁tournament . ▁After ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁announced ▁an ▁unexpected ▁withdraw al ▁from ▁the ▁tournament ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁back ▁problem , ▁Ts ong a ▁had ▁a ▁walk over ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁where ▁he ▁defeated ▁Ga ël ▁Mon fil s ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁champion ▁of ▁the ▁Q atar ▁Ex x on M obil ▁Open . ▁▁ ▁Finland ' s ▁best ▁player ▁ever , ▁J ark ko ▁Niem inen ▁won ▁the ▁Ap ia ▁International ▁Sydney ▁against ▁Jul ien ▁Ben net eau ▁▁ ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁won ▁her ▁first ▁tournament ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁by ▁winning ▁Ap ia ▁International ▁Sydney ▁defe ating ▁the ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Li ▁Na . ▁▁ ▁David ▁Fer rer ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁tournament ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁A uck land , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁at ▁the ▁He ine ken ▁Open ▁over ▁Oliv ier ▁Ro chus . ▁▁ ▁Mon a ▁Bar th el ▁achieved ▁her ▁highest ▁singles ▁ranking ▁of ▁world ▁no . ▁ 4 4 ▁in ▁singles ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁defe ating ▁top ▁seed ▁Yan ina ▁W ick m ayer ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁Mo or illa ▁Hob art ▁International ▁claim ing ▁her ▁first ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁title . ▁With ▁this ▁win , ▁Mon a ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁qual ifier ▁since ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁W TA |
▁tournament . ▁ ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁has ▁claimed ▁her ▁first ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁Bel arus ian ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁in ▁singles , ▁by ▁ ▁defe ating ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁final ▁and ▁over ▁took ▁Caroline ▁W oz nia cki ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁one ▁ranked ▁player ▁on ▁the ▁W TA ▁Tour . ▁▁▁ ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁career , ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁will ▁enter ▁the ▁season ▁as ▁reign ing ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 . ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁was ▁the ▁def ending ▁champion ▁ ▁and ▁retain ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁title ▁by ▁winning ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁against ▁Rafael ▁Nad al . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁longest ▁match ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁and ▁in ▁fact , ▁the ▁longest ▁ever ▁final ▁in ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁history ; ▁clock ed ▁at ▁ 5 ▁hours ▁and ▁ 5 3 ▁minutes . ▁It ▁marked ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁and ▁his ▁ 3 rd ▁Australian ▁Open . ▁It ▁also ▁marked ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁def ended ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title . ▁After ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁history , ▁as ▁is ▁having ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁man ▁since ▁Rod ▁La ver ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁to ▁hold ▁all ▁four ▁Grand ▁Sl ams ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁( ch |
ances ▁of ▁comple ting ▁a ▁Golden ▁S lam ▁this ▁year .), ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁previous ▁two ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Nad al ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁to ▁lose ▁three ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final s ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era . ▁▁▁ ▁Le ander ▁Pa es ▁completed ▁a ▁Career ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁while ▁R ade k ▁Š t ě p á nek ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁ever ▁S lam ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁in ▁Men ' s ▁Dou bles . ▁ ▁The ▁un se eded ▁Russian ▁pair ▁S vet l ana ▁K uz net so va ▁and ▁V era ▁Z von are va ▁defeated ▁the ▁all ▁Italian ▁pair ▁of ▁S ara ▁Er ran i ▁and ▁Ro berta ▁V inci ▁in ▁Australian ▁Open ▁in ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles . ▁▁ ▁Beth anie ▁Mat tek - S ands ▁and ▁H oria ▁T ec ă u ▁won ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁in ▁M ixed ▁Dou bles ▁tournament ▁by ▁defe ating ▁El ena ▁V es n ina ▁and ▁Le ander ▁Pa es . ▁Mat tek - S ands ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁American , ▁man ▁or ▁woman , ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open . ▁▁ ▁World ▁number ▁one ▁wheel ▁chair ▁tennis ▁player , ▁Est her ▁Ver ge er ▁def ended ▁her ▁title ▁against ▁An iek ▁van ▁K oot ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁Australian ▁Open ▁in ▁W heel ch air ▁Women ' s ▁Singles . ▁ ▁February ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁Davis ▁Cup , ▁Spain ▁and ▁the |
▁United ▁States ▁won ▁all ▁five ▁matches ▁against ▁their ▁respective ▁oppon ents , ▁Kaz akh stan ▁and ▁Switzerland . ▁France ▁def . ▁Canada , ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁def . ▁Italy , ▁and ▁Argentina ▁def . ▁Germany ▁by ▁ 4 - 1 . ▁Austria ▁and ▁Cro atia ▁won ▁ 3 - 2 ▁against ▁Russia ▁and ▁Japan , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁February ▁ 1 3 , ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁defeated ▁Juan ▁Martín ▁del ▁Pot ro ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁AB N ▁AM RO ▁World ▁Tennis ▁Tournament , ▁a ▁ 5 0 0 ▁event ▁on ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁held ▁in ▁Rot ter dam , ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁defeat ▁in ▁Rot ter dam , ▁del ▁Pot ro ▁played ▁the ▁next ▁week ▁in ▁Marse ille , ▁France , ▁winning ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁Reg ions ▁Morgan ▁Ke eg an ▁Championships ▁and ▁the ▁M emph is ▁International , ▁took ▁place ▁from ▁February ▁ 1 7 ▁to ▁February ▁ 2 6 . ▁The ▁Reg ions ▁Morgan ▁Ke eg an ▁Championships ▁was ▁an ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁ 5 0 0 ▁series ▁event , ▁and ▁the ▁Me ph is ▁International ▁was ▁a ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁International ▁event . ▁In ▁the ▁final , ▁J ürgen ▁Mel zer ▁defeated ▁Mil os ▁Ra onic , ▁ 7 - 5 , ▁ 7 - 6 ( 4 ). ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Dub ai ▁Tennis ▁Championships , ▁an ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁ 5 0 0 ▁series ▁event ▁and ▁W TA ▁Tour |
▁Premier ▁event , ▁was ▁held ▁over ▁two ▁weeks ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates . ▁The ▁women ' s ▁event , ▁took ▁place ▁between ▁February ▁ 2 0 ▁to ▁February ▁ 2 5 , ▁and ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁ 5 th ▁seed ▁Ag n iesz ka ▁Rad wa ńska , ▁after ▁she ▁defeated ▁Julia ▁G ör ges ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁The ▁men ' s ▁event , ▁took ▁place ▁a ▁week ▁later , ▁from ▁February ▁ 2 7 ▁to ▁March ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Roger ▁Feder er , ▁seed ed ▁second , ▁defeated ▁Andy ▁Murray , ▁ 7 - 5 , ▁ 6 - 2 , ▁to ▁take ▁home ▁his ▁fifth ▁Dub ai ▁title . ▁Murray ▁defeated ▁ATP ▁world ▁No . 1 ▁and ▁three - time ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁the ▁Ab ierto ▁Mex icano ▁Tel cel , ▁also ▁an ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁ 5 0 0 ▁event ▁and ▁a ▁W TA ▁International ▁event ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁A cap ul co , ▁Mexico . ▁David ▁Fer rer , ▁who ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 5 th ▁but ▁seed ed ▁ 1 st ▁at ▁the ▁event , ▁won ▁the ▁final ▁over ▁Fernando ▁Ver das co , ▁ 6 - 1 , ▁ 6 - 2 . ▁ ▁March ▁ ▁The ▁B NP ▁Par ib as ▁Open , ▁the ▁first ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Masters ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁event ▁and |
▁W TA ▁Premier ▁Mand atory ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Indian ▁Well s , ▁United ▁States ▁from ▁March ▁ 5 ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 2 . ▁The ▁men ' s ▁singles ▁event ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁who ▁defeated ▁John ▁Is ner , ▁ 7 - 6 ( 7 ), ▁ 6 - 3 . Def ending ▁champion ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals ▁to ▁Is ner . ▁The ▁women ' s ▁singles ▁event ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁who ▁defeated ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova , ▁ 6 - 2 , ▁ 6 - 3 . ▁ ▁From ▁March ▁ 2 1 ▁to ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁the ▁second ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Masters ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁event ▁and ▁W TA ▁Premier ▁Mand atory ▁event ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Miami , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁men ' s ▁singles ▁title ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁who ▁defeated ▁Andy ▁Murray , ▁ 6 - 1 , ▁ 7 - 6 ( 4 ). ▁ ▁April ▁ ▁May ▁ ▁June ▁ ▁July ▁ ▁August ▁ ▁September ▁ ▁The ▁Ent ire ▁Year ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁was ▁held ▁from ▁January ▁ 1 6 ▁to ▁January ▁ 2 9 . ▁Def ending ▁champion ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁defeated ▁Rafael ▁Nad al , ▁ 5 - 7 , ▁ 6 - 4 , ▁ 6 - 2 , ▁ 6 - 7 |
( 5 ), ▁ 7 - 5 , ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁longest ▁final ▁in ▁history . ▁The ▁second ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Nad al ▁who ▁defeated ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁ 6 - 4 , ▁ 6 - 3 , ▁ 2 - 6 , ▁ 7 - 5 ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁record ▁sevent h ▁French ▁Open ▁title . ▁At ▁W im ble don , ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁would ▁equal ▁this ▁record , ▁held ▁by ▁Nad al ▁and ▁P ete ▁Sam pr as , ▁by ▁winning ▁the ▁final ▁ 4 - 6 , ▁ 7 - 5 , ▁ 6 - 3 , ▁ 6 - 4 ▁against ▁Andy ▁Murray . ▁Murray ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁last ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁by ▁defe ating ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Dj ok ov ic , ▁ 7 - 6 ( 1 0 ), ▁ 7 - 5 , ▁ 2 - 6 , ▁ 3 - 6 , ▁ 6 - 2 . ▁At ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Final s , ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁won ▁against ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Feder er , ▁ 7 - 6 ( 6 ), ▁ 7 - 5 . ▁ ▁November ▁▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 2 th , ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁won ▁the ▁singles ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁Bar cl ays ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Final s ▁by ▁defe ating ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁ 7 – 6 ( 8 – 6 ), ▁ 7 |
– 5 ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁Dj ok ov ic ’ s ▁win ▁was ▁his ▁ 6 th ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁and ▁his ▁ 2 nd ▁win ▁at ▁the ▁event ▁having ▁won ▁back ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 2 th , ▁Marcel ▁Gran oll ers ▁and ▁Marc ▁López ▁defeated ▁Mah esh ▁Bh up ath i ▁and ▁R oh an ▁B op anna ▁ 7 – 5 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁[ 1 0 – 3 ] ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁doubles ▁draw ▁of ▁the ▁Bar cl ays ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Final s . ▁▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 8 th , ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁became ▁champions ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁World ▁Group ▁after ▁defe ating ▁Spain ▁ 3 - 2 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁O 2 ▁Arena ▁in ▁Prag ue ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁of ▁November . ▁The ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁title ▁was ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ’ s ▁first ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁nation . ▁ ▁December ▁ ▁I TF ▁ ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁events ▁ ▁Australian ▁Open ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁is ▁a ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁that ▁is ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁Park ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁Australia ▁from ▁January ▁ 1 6 ▁to ▁January ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁event |
▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁will ▁take ▁place ▁from ▁the ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁held ▁at ▁Melbourne ▁Park . ▁The ▁Men ' s ▁singles ▁will ▁be ▁st aged ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁time . ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁different ▁ 5 9 ▁previous ▁w inners ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁st aging ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁marked ▁by ▁a ▁special ▁coin ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Champion ▁will ▁receive ▁a ▁special ▁med all ion . ▁The ▁tournament ▁will ▁also ▁mark ▁ 5 0 ▁years ▁since ▁Rod ▁La ver ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁Grand ▁S lam . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁Haw k ▁eye ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁Margaret ▁Court ▁Arena , ▁while ▁Ken ▁F let cher ▁will ▁be ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Australian ▁Tennis ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁French ▁Open ▁The ▁French ▁Open ▁( ▁or ▁Tour no i ▁de ▁Roland - G ar ros , ▁, ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁famous ▁French ▁av i ator ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ) ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁held ▁over ▁two ▁weeks ▁between ▁late ▁May ▁and ▁early ▁June ▁in ▁Paris , ▁France , ▁at ▁the ▁St ade ▁Roland ▁Gar ros . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁premier ▁cl ay ▁court ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁annual ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁– ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁are ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁US ▁Open ▁and ▁W im ble don . ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁is ▁the |
▁only ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁held ▁on ▁cl ay ▁and ▁ends ▁the ▁spring ▁cl ay ▁court ▁season . ▁ ▁W im ble don ▁Championships ▁The ▁Championships , ▁W im ble don , ▁or ▁simply ▁W im ble don ▁( 2 5 ▁June ▁– ▁ 8 ▁July ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ), ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁Major ▁still ▁played ▁on ▁grass , ▁the ▁game ' s ▁original ▁surface , ▁which ▁gave ▁the ▁game ▁of ▁la wn ▁tennis ▁its ▁name . ▁The ▁tournament ▁takes ▁place ▁over ▁two ▁weeks ▁in ▁late ▁June ▁and ▁early ▁July , ▁cul min ating ▁with ▁the ▁Lad ies ' ▁and ▁Gent le men ' s ▁Singles ▁Final , ▁scheduled ▁respectively ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁Saturday ▁and ▁Sunday . ▁Each ▁year , ▁five ▁major ▁events ▁are ▁cont ested , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁four ▁junior ▁events ▁and ▁three ▁inv it ational ▁events . ▁ ▁US ▁Open ▁The ▁US ▁Open , ▁formally ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Open ▁Tennis ▁Championships , ▁is ▁a ▁hard court ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁held ▁ann ually ▁in ▁August ▁and ▁September ▁over ▁a ▁two - week ▁period ▁( the ▁weeks ▁before ▁and ▁after ▁Labor ▁Day ▁week end ). ▁ ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁by ▁B NP ▁Par ib as ▁for ▁spons or ship ▁purposes ) ▁is ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁between ▁national ▁teams ▁in ▁men ' s ▁tennis . ▁ ▁The ▁draw ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁September ▁ |
2 0 1 1 ▁in ▁Bang k ok , ▁Th ailand . ▁ ▁World ▁Group ▁Draw ▁ ▁S - Se eded ▁ ▁U - Un se eded ▁▁ ▁Cho ice ▁of ▁ground ▁ ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁by ▁B NP ▁Par ib as ▁for ▁spons or ship ▁purposes ) ▁is ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁tournament ▁between ▁national ▁teams ▁in ▁women ' s ▁tennis . ▁The ▁final ▁will ▁take ▁place ▁on ▁ 4 – 5 ▁November . ▁ ▁World ▁Group ▁Draw ▁ ▁S - Se eded ▁ ▁U - Un se eded ▁▁ ▁Cho ice ▁of ▁ground ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁London ▁Olympics ▁The ▁tennis ▁compet itions ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁were ▁st aged ▁at ▁the ▁All ▁England ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁and ▁Cro quet ▁Club ▁in ▁W im ble don , ▁London , ▁from ▁ 2 9 ▁July ▁to ▁ 5 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ 1 7 2 ▁tennis ▁players ▁competed ▁in ▁five ▁events ; ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁for ▁both ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁since ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁mixed ▁doubles ▁were ▁officially ▁included . ▁ ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁is ▁the ▁global ▁el ite ▁professional ▁tennis ▁circuit ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Tennis ▁Prof ession als ▁( AT P ) ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 |
2 ▁tennis ▁season . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁calendar ▁compr ises ▁the ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁( super vised ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Federation ▁( IT F )), ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Masters ▁ 1 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁ 5 0 0 ▁series , ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁ 2 5 0 ▁series , ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Team ▁Championship , ▁the ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁( organ ized ▁by ▁the ▁I TF ), ▁the ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁Final s , ▁and ▁the ▁tennis ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁Summer ▁Olympic ▁Games . ▁Also ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁calendar ▁is ▁the ▁Hop man ▁Cup , ▁which ▁is ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁I TF ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁dist ribute ▁ranking ▁points . ▁ ▁ATP ▁Ch allen ger ▁Tour ▁The ▁Association ▁of ▁Tennis ▁Prof ession als ▁( AT P ) ▁Ch allen ger ▁Tour ▁is ▁the ▁secondary ▁professional ▁tennis ▁circuit ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁ATP . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ATP ▁Ch allen ger ▁Tour ▁calendar ▁compr ises ▁ 1 5 ▁top ▁tier ▁T ret orn ▁SER IE + ▁tournament s , ▁and ▁approximately ▁ 1 5 0 ▁regular ▁series ▁tournament s , ▁with ▁prize ▁money ▁r anging ▁from ▁$ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁up ▁to ▁$ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁is ▁the ▁el ite ▁professional ▁tennis ▁circuit ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Tennis |
▁Association ▁( W TA ) ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁tennis ▁season . ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁calendar ▁compr ises ▁the ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁( super vised ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Federation ▁( IT F )), ▁the ▁W TA ▁Premier ▁tournament s ▁( P rem ier ▁Mand atory , ▁Premier ▁ 5 , ▁and ▁regular ▁Premier ), ▁the ▁W TA ▁International ▁tournament s , ▁the ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁( organ ized ▁by ▁the ▁I TF ), ▁the ▁year - end ▁champion ships ▁( the ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championships ▁and ▁the ▁Tournament ▁of ▁Champions ), ▁and ▁the ▁tennis ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁Summer ▁Olympic ▁Games . ▁Also ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁calendar ▁is ▁the ▁Hop man ▁Cup , ▁which ▁is ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁I TF ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁dist ribute ▁ranking ▁points . ▁ ▁Ret ire ments ▁ ▁Following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁notable ▁players ▁( w inners ▁of ▁a ▁main ▁tour ▁title , ▁and / or ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ATP ▁Rank ings ▁Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( sing les ) ▁or ▁Top ▁ 5 0 ▁( d ou bles ) ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁week ) ▁who ▁announced ▁their ▁ret irement ▁from ▁professional ▁tennis , ▁became ▁in active ▁( after ▁not ▁playing ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 2 ▁weeks ), ▁or ▁were ▁perman ently ▁b anned ▁from ▁playing , ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season : ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁Luc zak ▁( born ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 1 |
9 7 9 ▁in ▁Wars aw , ▁Poland , ▁moved ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁joined ▁the ▁main ▁circuit ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁No . ▁ 6 4 ▁in ▁singles ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Comp eting ▁mainly ▁on ▁the ▁I TF ▁Men ' s ▁Circ uit ▁and ▁the ▁ATP ▁Ch allen ger ▁Tour ▁during ▁his ▁career , ▁Luc zak ' s ▁best ▁result ▁came ▁with ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁doubles ▁( w / ▁Han ley ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁New ▁Del hi ▁Commonwealth ▁Games . ▁The ▁Australian ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁sport ▁after ▁losing ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁doubles ▁in ▁January . ▁▁ ▁R ainer ▁Sch ütt ler ▁( born ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁in ▁Kor bach , ▁West ▁Germany , ▁now ▁Germany ) ▁turned ▁professional ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁reaching ▁career - high ▁rank ings ▁of ▁singles ▁No . ▁ 5 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁and ▁doubles ▁No . ▁ 4 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Sch ütt ler ▁won ▁four ▁singles ▁and ▁four ▁doubles ▁titles ▁during ▁his ▁st int ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁circuit , ▁his ▁best ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁results ▁coming ▁with ▁a ▁final ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 3 , ▁lost ▁to ▁Ag ass i ), ▁and ▁a ▁semif inal ▁run ▁at ▁W im ble don ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁Al |
ong side ▁coun tr yman ▁Nicolas ▁K ie fer , ▁the ▁German ▁also ▁took ▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁doubles ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Ath ens ▁Olympics , ▁losing ▁the ▁final ▁in ▁five ▁sets ▁( to ▁González / M ass ú ). ▁Sch ütt ler ▁last ▁played ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁in ▁January . ▁▁ ▁Juan ▁Pablo ▁Br ze z icki ▁( born ▁ 1 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires , ▁Argentina ) ▁joined ▁the ▁tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁reaching ▁a ▁career - high ▁ranking ▁of ▁singles ▁No . ▁ 9 4 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁W inner ▁of ▁one ▁doubles ▁titles ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁circuit , ▁Br ze z icki ▁competed ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁time ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁in ▁February . ▁▁ ▁Fernando ▁González ▁( born ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁in ▁Santiago , ▁Chile ) ▁joined ▁the ▁main ▁tour ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁and ▁reached ▁his ▁best ▁singles ▁ranking , ▁No . ▁ 5 , ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁finishing ▁two ▁seasons ▁in ▁the ▁Top ▁Ten ▁( 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ). ▁A ▁Junior ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 , ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁boys ' ▁doubles ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁and ▁the ▁boys ' ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁González ▁won ▁ 1 1 ▁singles ▁and ▁three ▁doubles |
▁titles ▁on ▁the ▁pro ▁circuit , ▁and ▁gathered ▁three ▁med als ▁at ▁the ▁Olympics ▁: ▁the ▁bronze ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁the ▁gold ▁in ▁doubles ▁( w / ▁Nicol ás ▁Mass ú , ▁def . ▁K ie fer / Sch ütt ler ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁and ▁the ▁silver ▁in ▁singles ▁( lost ▁the ▁final ▁to ▁Nad al ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁Chile an ▁reached ▁the ▁last ▁eight ▁at ▁every ▁major , ▁making ▁three ▁quarter final s ▁at ▁W im ble don ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ), ▁one ▁semif inal ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁and ▁one ▁final ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 7 , ▁lost ▁to ▁Feder er ). ▁Str ugg ling ▁with ▁inj uries ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁year ▁before ▁dec iding ▁to ▁ret ire , ▁González ▁played ▁his ▁last ▁event ▁in ▁Miami ▁in ▁March . ▁▁ ▁José ▁Ac as uso ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁Pos adas , ▁Argentina ) ▁turned ▁professional ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁reaching ▁career - high ▁rank ings ▁of ▁singles ▁No . ▁ 2 0 ▁and ▁doubles ▁No . ▁ 2 7 , ▁both ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Main ly ▁a ▁cl ay ▁court ▁special ist , ▁the ▁Argent ine ▁took ▁three ▁singles ▁and ▁five ▁doubles ▁career ▁titles , ▁all ▁on |
▁the ▁surface . ▁Play ing ▁for ▁Argentina , ▁Ac as uso ▁competed ▁in ▁two ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁final s ▁( 2 0 0 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁but ▁helped ▁claim ▁one ▁World ▁Team ▁Cup ▁title ▁( 2 0 0 7 ). ▁Ac as uso ▁announced ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁February , ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁his ▁last ▁match ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁qual ifying ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁Ivan ▁L jub ič ić ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁Ban ja ▁Lu ka , ▁S FR ▁Y ug oslav ia , ▁now ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ) ▁turned ▁professional ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁in ▁singles ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁ending ▁two ▁seasons ▁in ▁the ▁Top ▁Ten ▁( 2 0 0 5 – 0 6 ). ▁During ▁his ▁career ▁L jub ič ić ▁won ▁ 1 0 ▁singles ▁titles , ▁including ▁one ▁Masters ▁shield ▁at ▁Indian ▁Well s ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁and ▁went ▁past ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁twice ▁in ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s , ▁reaching ▁one ▁quarter final ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁and ▁one ▁semif inal ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 6 ). ▁Play ing ▁for ▁his ▁country , ▁the ▁Cro at ▁partner ed ▁Mario ▁An č ić ▁to ▁a ▁bronze ▁medal ▁in ▁doubles ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 |
▁Ath ens ▁Olympics , ▁and ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁one ▁successful ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁campaign ▁( 2 0 0 5 ). ▁L jub ič ić ▁played ▁his ▁last ▁tournament ▁in ▁Monte ▁Carlo ▁in ▁April . ▁▁ ▁Ar na ud ▁Cl ément ▁( born ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁in ▁A ix - en - Pro v ence , ▁France ) ▁became ▁a ▁tennis ▁professional ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁pe aking ▁as ▁singles ▁No . ▁ 1 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁and ▁doubles ▁No . ▁ 8 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁singles , ▁Cl ément ▁won ▁four ▁titles , ▁made ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁at ▁all ▁maj ors ▁but ▁one ▁( the ▁French ▁Open ), ▁and ▁reached ▁one ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 1 , ▁lost ▁to ▁Ag ass i ). ▁In ▁doubles , ▁he ▁collected ▁ 1 2 ▁titles ▁and ▁made ▁two ▁major ▁final s ▁with ▁Mich a ël ▁L l od ra , ▁winning ▁one ▁at ▁W im ble don ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁and ▁losing ▁the ▁other ▁in ▁Australia ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁A ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁team ▁for ▁nine ▁years , ▁winner ▁of ▁one ▁title ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁Cl ément ▁was ▁selected ▁in ▁June ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁new ▁captain ▁starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁French man ▁played ▁his ▁last ▁event ▁on ▁the ▁tour ▁in ▁the ▁W |
im ble don ▁doubles ▁in ▁July . ▁▁ ▁Andy ▁Rod d ick ▁( born ▁ 3 0 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁O ma ha , ▁United ▁States ) ▁turned ▁professional ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁sixth ▁American ▁player ▁to ▁be ▁ranked ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁in ▁singles ▁when ▁he ▁reached ▁the ▁top ▁spot ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁holding ▁it ▁for ▁a ▁single ▁spell ▁of ▁ 1 3 ▁straight ▁weeks . ▁Rod d ick ▁finished ▁nine ▁seasons ▁in ▁the ▁ATP ▁Rank ings ▁singles ▁Top ▁Ten ▁( 2 0 0 2 – 1 0 ), ▁including ▁one ▁year ▁as ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 0 3 ), ▁and ▁also ▁reached ▁the ▁No . ▁ 5 0 ▁ranking ▁in ▁doubles ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁As ▁a ▁Junior , ▁the ▁American ▁took ▁two ▁singles ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁titles ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁finishing ▁the ▁season ▁as ▁Junior ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 . ▁Over ▁his ▁ 1 2 - year ▁pro ▁career , ▁Rod d ick ▁collected ▁ 3 2 ▁singles ▁titles , ▁on ▁every ▁surface , ▁among ▁which ▁five ▁Masters ▁shield s ▁and ▁one ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title , ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 3 , ▁def . ▁Ferr ero ). ▁Rod d ick ' s ▁other ▁best ▁results ▁in ▁maj ors ▁came ▁with ▁four ▁semif inals ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open |
▁( 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ), ▁three ▁final s ▁at ▁W im ble don ▁( 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁all ▁lost ▁to ▁Feder er ), ▁and ▁another ▁final ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁( 2 0 0 6 , ▁lost ▁to ▁Feder er ). ▁In ▁doubles , ▁Rod d ick ▁won ▁four ▁titles ▁including ▁one ▁Masters ▁tro phy . ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁ro ster ▁for ▁ 2 5 ▁t ies ▁over ▁ 1 0 ▁years , ▁Rod d ick ▁helped ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁a ▁final ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁and ▁a ▁title ▁( the ▁country ' s ▁ 3 2 nd ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁American ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁ret ire ▁after ▁the ▁US ▁Open ▁in ▁September . ▁ ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁Class ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁Jenn ifer ▁Cap ri ati , ▁player ▁Gustav o ▁Ku erten , ▁player ▁Manuel ▁Or antes , ▁player ▁Michael ▁Dav ies , ▁contrib utor ▁ ▁See ▁Also ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁French ▁Open ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁W im ble don ▁Championships ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁US ▁Open ▁( ten nis ) ▁ ▁Tennis ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ |
▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Tennis ▁Prof ession als ▁( AT P ) ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Tennis ▁Association ▁( W TA ) ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Federation ▁( IT F ) ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁London ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Olympics ▁▁▁ ▁Category : T ennis ▁by ▁year <0x0A> </s> ▁De vin ▁Williams ▁( born ▁May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁basketball ▁player ▁for ▁T of a ş ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Basketball ▁Super ▁League . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁basketball ▁at ▁West ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁High ▁school ▁career ▁Williams ▁first ▁attended ▁With row ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁his ▁h omet own ▁of ▁C inc inn ati , ▁Ohio . ▁As ▁a ▁s oph om ore ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 1 3 . 0 ▁points ▁and ▁ 1 0 . 6 ▁reb ounds ▁per ▁game ▁for ▁the ▁school ' s ▁basketball ▁team . ▁As ▁a ▁junior ▁at ▁With row ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 1 5 . 2 ▁points ▁and ▁ 1 0 . 5 ▁reb ounds ▁per ▁game ▁and ▁earned ▁All - C inc inn ati ▁Metro ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁First ▁Team ▁hon ors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Williams ▁transferred ▁to ▁Mont ver de ▁Academy ▁in ▁Mont ver de , ▁Florida ▁for ▁his ▁senior ▁year . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 |
3 , ▁he ▁helped ▁Mont ver de ▁r ally ▁from ▁a ▁ 1 6 - point ▁def ic it ▁to ▁beat ▁Saint ▁Bened ict ' s ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁ 6 7 – 6 5 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁School ▁National ▁Tournament . ▁On ▁a ▁ro ster ▁full ▁of ▁Division ▁I ▁rec ruits , ▁Williams ▁was ▁first - team ▁all - state ▁for ▁independent ▁players . ▁ ▁College ▁career ▁ ▁F resh man ▁year ▁As ▁a ▁fresh man ▁at ▁West ▁Virginia ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 , ▁Williams ▁started ▁ 3 1 ▁of ▁ 3 3 ▁games , ▁aver aging ▁ 2 3 . 3 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁shot ▁ 4 1 . 1 ▁percent ▁from ▁the ▁field ▁and ▁aver aged ▁ 8 . 4 ▁points ▁per ▁game ▁while ▁leading ▁the ▁team ▁in ▁reb ounds ▁with ▁ 7 . 2 ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁was ▁subsequently ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Academ ic ▁All - Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Ro ok ie ▁Team . ▁He ▁posted ▁eight ▁double - d ou bles ▁and ▁had ▁nine ▁double - figure ▁re bound ing ▁performances ▁throughout ▁the ▁season . ▁His ▁eight ▁double - d ou bles ▁are ▁the ▁third ▁most ▁all - time ▁by ▁a ▁W V U ▁fresh man , ▁and ▁he ▁tied ▁for ▁the ▁most ▁double - d ou bles ▁by ▁a ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Conference ▁fresh man ▁with ▁Kansas ' ▁Jo el ▁Em bi id . ▁Williams ' ▁ 2 3 8 ▁reb ounds ▁were |
▁the ▁fourth ▁most ▁all - time ▁by ▁a ▁W V U ▁fresh man , ▁as ▁he ▁finished ▁sevent h ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Conference ▁in ▁reb ounds ▁per ▁game . ▁On ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁and ▁tied ▁his ▁season ▁high ▁for ▁reb ounds ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁in ▁a ▁ 9 2 – 8 6 ▁win ▁over ▁Kansas . ▁ ▁Soph om ore ▁year ▁As ▁a ▁s oph om ore ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 , ▁Williams ▁played ▁in ▁ 3 4 ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Mount aine ers , ▁starting ▁all ▁ 3 4 ▁of ▁those ▁cont ests , ▁and ▁aver aged ▁ 2 4 . 9 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁registered ▁ 1 1 . 6 ▁points ▁and ▁led ▁W V U ▁in ▁re bound ing ▁with ▁ 8 . 1 ▁bo ards ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁was ▁ 1 5 th ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Conference ▁in ▁scoring ▁and ▁third ▁in ▁re bound ing , ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁second - most ▁double - d ou bles ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁with ▁nine . ▁He ▁subsequently ▁earned ▁All - Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Honor able ▁M ention ▁hon ors . ▁On ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁he ▁tied ▁his ▁career - best ▁performance ▁with ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁an ▁ 8 1 – |
7 2 ▁win ▁over ▁Oklahoma ▁State . ▁ ▁Junior ▁year ▁As ▁a ▁junior ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 , ▁Williams ▁started ▁ 3 4 ▁of ▁ 3 5 ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Mount aine ers , ▁aver aging ▁ 2 5 . 4 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁aver aged ▁career ▁high s ▁in ▁points ▁( 1 3 . 3 ), ▁reb ounds ▁( 9 . 5 ) ▁and ▁ass ists ▁( 1 . 4 ), ▁and ▁subsequently ▁earned ▁second - team ▁All - Big ▁ 1 2 , ▁USB WA ▁All - D istrict ▁II ▁Team ▁and ▁N ABC ▁All - D istrict ▁ 8 ▁second ▁team ▁hon ors . ▁Williams ▁also ▁earned ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁All - T ourn ament ▁Team ▁hon ors ▁after ▁recording ▁ 3 1 ▁points ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁Tournament ▁championship ▁game , ▁a ▁game ▁West ▁Virginia ▁lost ▁ 8 1 – 7 1 ▁to ▁Kansas . ▁The ▁point ▁total ▁was ▁a ▁career ▁best ▁and ▁it ▁marked ▁his ▁ 1 5 th ▁double - double ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁the ▁most ▁of ▁any ▁Big ▁ 1 2 ▁player . ▁He ▁became ▁just ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁player ▁in ▁West ▁Virginia ▁program ▁history ▁to ▁record ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁points ▁and ▁ 8 0 0 ▁reb ounds . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Williams ▁declared ▁for ▁the ▁NBA ▁draft , ▁for going ▁his ▁final ▁year |
▁of ▁college ▁el ig ibility . ▁He ▁subsequently ▁signed ▁with ▁an ▁agent ▁in ▁April ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁invited ▁to ▁the ▁NBA ▁combine . ▁He ▁later ▁admitted ▁he ▁" rece ived ▁some ▁bad ▁advice " ▁regarding ▁the ▁draft . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁Melbourne ▁United ▁( 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ) ▁After ▁going ▁und raft ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁NBA ▁draft , ▁Williams ▁joined ▁the ▁Mil w au kee ▁Buck s ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁NBA ▁Summer ▁League ▁in ▁Las ▁Veg as . ▁In ▁five ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Buck s , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 2 . 0 ▁points ▁and ▁ 2 . 4 ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁ 7 . 6 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Williams ▁signed ▁with ▁Melbourne ▁United ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁N BL ▁season . ▁Williams ▁strugg led ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁impact ▁for ▁United ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch ▁over ▁the ▁first ▁month ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁spec ulation ▁of ▁him ▁being ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁club . ▁That ▁was ▁not ▁to ▁be , ▁and ▁on ▁November ▁ 6 , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁season - best ▁game ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁points ▁and ▁seven ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁an ▁ 8 2 – 7 3 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Il la war ra ▁Haw ks . ▁His ▁next ▁best ▁game ▁came ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 1 , ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁ 6 - |
point , ▁ 1 0 - re bound ▁effort ▁in ▁an ▁ 8 8 – 8 1 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Kings . ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁game ▁however ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 7 , ▁Williams ▁went ▁down ▁with ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury ▁early ▁in ▁United ' s ▁ 1 0 0 – 9 0 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁Bul lets , ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁ruled ▁out ▁for ▁four ▁to ▁six ▁weeks ▁with ▁a ▁Gra de ▁ 2 ▁med ial ▁lig ament ▁stra in . ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁after ▁fully ▁recover ing , ▁Williams ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁release ▁from ▁his ▁contract ▁to ▁source ▁opportun ities ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁US . ▁ ▁Gre ens bor o ▁Sw arm ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Gre ens bor o ▁Sw arm ▁of ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League . ▁ ▁Maine ▁Red ▁Cla ws ▁( 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ) ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Williams ▁joined ▁the ▁Charlotte ▁Hor net s ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁NBA ▁Summer ▁League . ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁Boston ▁C elt ics ▁for ▁training ▁camp . ▁He ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁C elt ics ▁on ▁October ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Va quer os ▁de |
▁Bay am ón ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Va quer os ▁de ▁Bay am ón ▁of ▁the ▁Bal onc esto ▁Super ior ▁Nacional ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁signed ▁Williams . ▁ ▁Bü y ük ç ek me ce ▁( 2 0 1 8 – 2 0 1 9 ) ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁he ▁has ▁signed ▁with ▁Bü y ük ç ek me ce ▁of ▁the ▁Basketball ▁Super ▁League ▁( BS L ). ▁ ▁K K ▁Bud u ć nost ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁De vin ▁signed ▁with ▁Bud u ć nost ▁of ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁League . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Williams ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Ang ela ▁Williams , ▁and ▁had ▁two ▁older ▁brothers . ▁D ons ha e ▁Williams , ▁the ▁young est ▁of ▁Williams ' ▁two ▁older ▁brothers , ▁was ▁shot ▁and ▁killed ▁in ▁C inc inn ati ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁just ▁before ▁Williams ▁started ▁his ▁junior ▁year ▁at ▁With row ▁High . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Williams ▁said ▁of ▁the ▁incident , ▁" Just ▁a ▁bad ▁night . ▁W rong ▁place , ▁wrong ▁time . ▁It ' s ▁sad , ▁but ▁that ' s ▁how ▁my ▁city ▁is . ▁That ' s ▁how ▁my ▁city ▁is ▁going . ▁I ▁just ▁use ▁it ▁for |
▁motiv ation ▁to ▁get ▁my ▁nep hew ▁out ▁of ▁there ▁and ▁make ▁it ▁better ▁for ▁him ▁and ▁the ▁whole ▁family ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Mount aine ers ▁bio ▁ ▁De vin ▁Williams ▁at ▁euro le ague . net ▁ ▁De vin ▁Williams ▁at ▁n ba . com ▁ ▁De vin ▁Williams ▁at ▁was hing ton post . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁basketball ▁people ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁basketball ▁people ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁basketball ▁people ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁from ▁Ohio ▁Category : B ü y ük ç ek me ce ▁B asket bol ▁players ▁Category : G reens bor o ▁Sw arm ▁players ▁Category : K K ▁Bud u ć nost ▁players ▁Category : M aine ▁Red ▁Cla ws ▁players ▁Category : M el bourne ▁United ▁players ▁Category : Power ▁for wards ▁( b asketball ) ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁C inc inn ati ▁Category : T of a ş ▁S . K . ▁players ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁men ' s ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁players ▁Category : West ▁Virginia ▁Mount aine ers ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : Mont ver de ▁Academy ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁B OR - 5 ▁( Б О Р - 5 ▁, ▁, ▁" Un p |
il oted ▁Or b ital ▁Ro cket plane ▁ 5 ") ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 : 8 ▁s ized ▁test ▁flight ▁vehicle , ▁used ▁to ▁study ▁the ▁main ▁aer od ynamic , ▁thermal , ▁ac oust ic ▁and ▁stability ▁characteristics ▁of ▁the ▁Bur an . ▁It ▁follows ▁upon ▁the ▁B OR - 4 ▁re entry ▁test ▁vehicle . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁put ▁into ▁a ▁sub orb ital ▁traject ory ▁by ▁a ▁K 6 5 M - R B 5 ▁ro cket ▁launched ▁from ▁Kap ust in ▁Y ar , ▁near ▁Vol ga , ▁towards ▁Lake ▁B alk hash . ▁ ▁Fl ights ▁ ▁Six ▁fl ights ▁were ▁made : ▁▁ 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁- ▁ab orted ▁▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁- ▁No . ▁ 5 0 1 ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁- ▁No . ▁ 5 0 2 ▁ 2 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁- ▁No . ▁ 5 0 3 ▁ 2 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁- ▁No . ▁ 5 0 4 ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁- ▁No . ▁ 5 0 5 ▁ ▁Current ▁locations ▁Two ▁surv iv ors ▁of ▁the ▁B OR - 5 ▁tests ▁are ▁known ▁to ▁exist : ▁B OR - 5 ▁No . ▁ 5 0 2 ▁- ▁Central ▁Air ▁Force ▁Museum , ▁Mon ino , ▁Russia ▁B OR - 5 ▁No . ▁ 5 0 5 ▁- ▁Techn ik ▁Museum |
▁Spe yer , ▁Spe yer , ▁Germany ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁B OR ▁family ▁page ▁at ▁Bur an - E ner gia . com ▁ ▁Category : B ur an ▁program ▁Category : C rew ed ▁space craft ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Pil ode ud or ix ▁u la , ▁the ▁c ob alt ▁play boy , ▁is ▁a ▁but ter fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ly ca en idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Niger ia ▁( west ▁and ▁the ▁Cross ▁River ▁loop ), ▁Cam ero on , ▁Gab on , ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo , ▁the ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic , ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo ▁and ▁western ▁U g anda . ▁The ▁habitat ▁consists ▁of ▁primary ▁for ests . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁Category : De ud orig ini ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁of ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow meter ▁is ▁an ▁instrument ▁used ▁to ▁directly ▁measure ▁the ▁flow ▁rate ▁of ▁a ▁gas ▁in ▁medical ▁instruments . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁connection ▁to ▁a ▁gas ▁source , ▁a ▁need le ▁val ve ▁opened ▁and ▁closed ▁by ▁turning ▁an ▁attached ▁d ial ▁for ▁control ▁of ▁flow ▁rate , ▁a ▁float ▁rest ing ▁in ▁a ▁clear ▁t aper ed ▁t ube , ▁and ▁an ▁out let ▁port . ▁It ▁is ▁primarily ▁used ▁in ▁health ▁care ▁institutions ▁during ▁delivery ▁of ▁medical ▁g ases , |
▁often ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁other ▁devices ▁such ▁as ▁pressure ▁gau ges ▁or ▁pressure ▁reducing ▁val ves . ▁ ▁Function ▁ ▁When ▁a ▁driving ▁pressure ▁is ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁in let ▁of ▁a ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow meter , ▁the ▁ball ▁r ises ▁in ▁the ▁t aper ed ▁t ube ▁until ▁the ▁flow ▁rate ▁creates ▁an ▁applied ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁ball ▁equal ▁to ▁its ▁weight . ▁The ▁t ube ' s ▁shape , ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁sl ender ▁cone , ▁decre ases ▁the ▁pressure ▁behind ▁the ▁ball ▁as ▁it ▁r ises . ▁A ▁cyl ind rical ▁t ube ▁would ▁not ▁permit ▁driving ▁pressure ▁to ▁decrease ▁with ▁flow ▁rate , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁ball ▁rising ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁t ube , ▁and ▁allowing ▁for ▁no ▁variance ▁in ▁read ings . ▁The ▁flow ▁rate ▁of ▁a ▁specific ▁gas ▁necessary ▁to ▁cause ▁the ▁float ▁to ▁rise ▁to ▁a ▁given ▁height ▁is ▁pre calcul ated ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁cal ibr ate ▁a ▁t ube . ▁ ▁A ▁variety ▁of ▁float ▁shapes ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁with ▁older ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow met ers , ▁and ▁all ▁flo ats ▁should ▁be ▁read ▁from ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁float , ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁ball ▁float , ▁which ▁is ▁read ▁from ▁its ▁center . ▁ ▁Flo ats ▁should ▁rotate ▁in ▁the ▁a irst ream , ▁and ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁rotation ▁may ▁indicate ▁fault y ▁read ings ▁resulting ▁from ▁the ▁float ▁catch ing ▁on ▁the ▁t ube . ▁ ▁The ▁need le ▁val ve ▁may ▁be ▁located ▁proxim |
al ▁or ▁dist al ▁to ▁the ▁in let ▁port ; ▁these ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁flow meter ▁are ▁respectively ▁called ▁' non - comp ens ated ' ▁or ▁' comp ens ated '. ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow meter ▁is ▁the ▁non - comp ens ated ▁type : ▁it ▁works ▁with ▁a ▁fixed ▁or ifice ▁and ▁variable ▁pressure . ▁The ▁non - comp ens ated ▁type ▁is ▁more ▁accurate ▁for ▁low ▁flow ▁rates , ▁such ▁as ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁ne on atal ▁units , ▁labor atory ▁experiments , ▁or ▁an a est h etic ▁machines . ▁Comp ens ated ▁flow met ers ▁work ▁with ▁a ▁variable ▁or ifice ▁and ▁fixed ▁pressure . ▁ ▁They ▁ ▁read ▁back ▁pressure , ▁and ▁take ▁into ▁account ▁resistance ▁changes ▁down stream ▁from ▁the ▁need le ▁val ve . ▁ ▁If ▁pressure ▁exceed s ▁ 5 0 ▁ps ig ▁down stream , ▁flow ▁ce ases . ▁ ▁The ▁types ▁can ▁be ▁distinguished ▁by ▁their ▁response ▁when ▁gas ▁starts ▁to ▁flow . ▁In ▁compens ated ▁flow met ers , ▁the ▁ball ▁will ▁initially ▁jump ▁as ▁the ▁gas ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁t ube ▁before ▁being ▁released ▁through ▁the ▁need le ▁val ve ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁out let . ▁No ▁result ▁will ▁be ▁observed ▁in ▁the ▁non - comp ens ated ▁flow ▁meter , ▁as ▁the ▁gas ▁will ▁release ▁before ▁reaching ▁the ▁t aper ed ▁t ube ▁containing ▁the ▁float . ▁ ▁Although ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow met ers ▁are ▁very ▁similar ▁in ▁design ▁and ▁function ▁to ▁rot |
am eters , ▁the ▁latter ▁are ▁more ▁accurate . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Thor pe ▁f ube ▁flow met ers ▁are ▁often ▁checked ▁against ▁rot am eters ▁to ▁ensure ▁their ▁accuracy . ▁Rot am eters ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁on ▁an a est hes ia ▁machines , ▁where ▁precise ▁measurement ▁of ▁gas ▁delivery ▁is ▁cru cial ▁to ▁the ▁well be ing ▁of ▁the ▁patient . ▁ ▁Application ▁▁ ▁Thor pe ▁t ube ▁flow met ers ▁are ▁designed ▁for ▁use ▁only ▁on ▁systems ▁not ▁supp lying ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁P SI ▁( ▁about ▁ 3 ▁bar ). ▁The ▁flow met ers ▁will ▁be ▁label led ▁for ▁the ▁gas ▁they ▁are ▁specific ▁to . ▁ ▁Add itional ▁color - c oding ▁may ▁be ▁used , ▁for ▁example , ▁O 2 ▁flow met ers ▁may ▁have ▁white ▁and ▁green ▁labels , ▁since ▁white ▁and ▁green ▁are ▁respectively ▁the ▁Canadian ▁and ▁American ▁colours ▁ident ifying ▁this ▁gas . ▁The ▁flow meter ▁will ▁have ▁a ▁safety ▁Rel ief ▁val ve ▁to ▁rel ieve ▁excess ▁pressure . ▁ ▁In ac cur ate ▁flow ▁read ings ▁may ▁occur ▁if ▁the ▁device ▁is ▁dam aged , ▁or ▁cont amin ated ▁with ▁water ▁or ▁de br is . ▁Flow met ers ▁are ▁only ▁cal ibr ated ▁for ▁a ▁specified ▁gas ▁and ▁will ▁not ▁directly ▁read ▁accur ately ▁on ▁g ases ▁of ▁different ▁density . ▁Ch anges ▁in ▁pressure ▁or ▁temperature ▁will ▁also ▁affect ▁the ▁accuracy , ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁significant ▁in ▁air ▁transport , ▁or ▁cities ▁at ▁high ▁alt itudes |
. ▁Flow met ers ▁are ▁only ▁cal ibr ated ▁in ▁the ▁vertical ▁position , ▁and ▁for ▁flow ▁rates ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 5 ▁lit res ▁per ▁minute . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Flow ▁measurement ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Br anson , ▁Richard ▁D ., ▁et ▁al . ▁ ▁' Res p ir atory ▁Care ▁Equ ip ment , ▁ 2 nd ▁Edition '. ▁ ▁Cont . ▁B anner ▁et ▁al . ▁ ▁pp . 5 8 – 6 2 . ▁ ▁( Ph il adel phia : ▁ ▁Li pp inc ott ▁Williams ▁& ▁Wil kins , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁ ▁C airo , ▁J . M ., ▁et ▁Pil be am , ▁Susan . ▁ ▁' M os by ' s ▁Res p ir atory ▁Care ▁Equ ip ment '. ▁Ed . ▁K elli ▁Chron ister ▁et ▁al . ▁pp . 6 1 – 6 2 . ▁ ▁( St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri : ▁ ▁Mos by ▁Else vier , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ). ▁ ▁Wil kins , ▁Robert ▁L . ▁et ▁al . ▁' E gan ' s ▁Fund ament als ▁of ▁Res p ir atory ▁Care , ▁N inth ▁Edition '. ▁Ed . ▁Lucy ▁K ester ▁et ▁al . ▁pp . 8 6 2 – 8 6 5 , ▁ 8 9 8 - 8 9 9 . ▁ ▁( St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri : ▁Mos by ▁Else vier , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ). ▁ ▁Category : Med ical ▁equipment |
▁Category : Res p ir atory ▁system ▁procedures ▁Category : Res p ir atory ▁ther apy <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁second ▁campaign ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁West ▁( the ▁conference ▁swap ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁NFL ' s ▁expansion ▁plan ▁that ▁saw ▁both ▁the ▁Se ah aw ks ▁and ▁T ampa ▁Bay ▁Bu cc ane ers ▁play ▁every ▁other ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁NFL ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁two ▁seasons ; ▁the ▁Se ah aw ks ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁N FC ▁West ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ). ▁The ▁Se ah aw ks ▁lost ▁five ▁of ▁their ▁first ▁six ▁games . ▁On ▁October ▁ 3 0 , ▁the ▁Se ah aw ks ▁earned ▁their ▁second ▁win ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁when ▁quarter back ▁Jim ▁Z orn ▁returned ▁from ▁an ▁injury ▁and ▁threw ▁four ▁touch down ▁passes ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 6 - 1 7 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁at ▁the ▁King d ome . ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later , ▁the ▁team ▁recorded ▁its ▁first ▁shut out , ▁be ating ▁the ▁J ets ▁ 1 7 - 0 ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁Se ah aw ks ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁finish ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 - 9 ▁record , ▁winning ▁their ▁final ▁two ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁process ; ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁three - game ▁improvement ▁from ▁the |
▁inaug ural ▁season . ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁NFL ▁D raft ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Staff ▁ ▁Final ▁ro ster ▁{{ N FL ▁final ▁ro ster ▁| Year = 1 9 7 7 ▁| Team Name = Se attle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁| BC 1 = # 0 0 3 3 8 D ▁| FC 1 = white ▁| B DC 1 = # 0 0 8 5 4 2 ▁| off season = no ▁| uf a = no ▁| r fa = no ▁| er fa = no ▁| Active = 5 3 ▁| In active = 0 ▁| PS = 0 ▁ ▁| Qu arter back s = ▁ ▁{{ N FL player | 1 0 | J im ▁Z orn }} ▁ ▁| Running ▁Back s = ▁ ▁{{ N FL player | 4 7 | Sh erman ▁Smith }} ▁{{ N FL player | 4 2 | Don ▁Test erman }} ▁FB ▁ ▁| W ide ▁Rece ivers = ▁{{ N FL player | 8 9 | D u ke ▁Fer g erson | ro ok ie = y }} ▁{{ N FL player | 8 0 | Ste ve ▁L argent }} ▁ ▁| T ight ▁End s = ▁{{ N FL player | 8 7 | R on ▁Howard | d = American ▁football }} ▁ ▁| Off ensive ▁Lin emen = ▁ ▁T ▁{{ N FL player | 6 3 | N ick ▁B eb out }} ▁T ▁{{ N FL player | |
6 0 | R on ▁C oder }} ▁G ▁{{ N FL player | 7 3 | N orm ▁Evans }} ▁T ▁{{ N FL player | 6 4 | G ordon ▁J ol ley }} ▁G / T ▁{{ N FL player | 5 4 | Art ▁K ue hn }} ▁C ▁ ▁G ▁ ▁G ▁ ▁C ▁ ▁C ▁ ▁| Def ensive ▁Lin emen = ▁ ▁D T ▁ ▁DE ▁{{ N FL player | 7 4 | R on ▁East }} ▁D T ▁{{ N FL player | 7 7 | Rich ard ▁Harris | d = football ▁player }} ▁DE ▁ ▁DE ▁{{ N FL player | 7 0 | Bob ▁L ur ts ema }} ▁D T ▁ ▁D T / DE ▁{{ N FL player | 7 5 | A ld en ▁Ro che }} ▁DE ▁ ▁D T ▁ ▁| Line back ers = ▁ ▁{{ N FL player | 5 8 | T er ry ▁Be es on | ro ok ie = y }} ▁ ▁{{ N FL player | 3 6 | K en ▁Ged des }} ▁{{ N FL player | 5 6 | Sam my ▁Green }} ▁ ▁| Def ensive ▁Back s = ▁{{ N FL player | 2 7 | Aut ry ▁Be am on }} ▁S ▁{{ N FL player | 2 2 | D ave ▁Brown | d = cor ner back }} ▁C B ▁ ▁S ▁ ▁{{ N FL player | 4 1 | |
E dd ie ▁Mc Mill an }} ▁C B ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Star ters ▁in ▁bold . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Pres e ason ▁ ▁Source : ▁Se ah aw ks ▁Media ▁Gu ides ▁ ▁Reg ular ▁season ▁In ▁its ▁second ▁year , ▁Seattle ▁played ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁A FC ▁West . ▁ ▁B old ▁indicates ▁division ▁oppon ents . ▁Source : ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁NFL ▁season ▁results ▁ ▁Stand ings ▁ ▁Game ▁summar ies ▁ ▁Pres e ason ▁ ▁Week ▁P 1 : ▁at ▁San ▁Francisco ▁ 4 9 ers ▁ ▁Week ▁P 2 : ▁vs . ▁Dallas ▁Cow bo ys ▁ ▁Week ▁P 3 : ▁vs . ▁Oak land ▁Ra iders ▁ ▁Week ▁P 4 : ▁vs . ▁Detroit ▁L ions ▁ ▁Week ▁P 5 : ▁vs . ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁ ▁Week ▁P 6 : ▁at ▁San ▁Diego ▁Ch arg ers ▁ ▁Reg ular ▁Season ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 : ▁vs . ▁Baltimore ▁Col ts ▁ ▁Week ▁ 2 : ▁at ▁C inc inn ati ▁Beng als ▁ ▁Week ▁ 3 : ▁vs . ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁ ▁Week ▁ 4 : ▁at ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots ▁ ▁Week ▁ 5 : ▁vs . ▁T ampa ▁Bay ▁Bu cc ane ers ▁ ▁Week ▁ 6 : ▁at ▁Miami ▁Dol ph ins ▁ ▁Week ▁ 7 : ▁vs . ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁ ▁Week ▁ 8 : ▁at ▁Oak land ▁Ra iders ▁ ▁Week ▁ 9 : ▁at |
▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 0 : ▁vs . ▁Houston ▁O ilers ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 1 : ▁vs . ▁San ▁Diego ▁Ch arg ers ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 2 : ▁at ▁Pitts burgh ▁Ste el ers ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 3 : ▁at ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁ ▁Week ▁ 1 4 : ▁vs . ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Se ah aw ks ▁draft ▁history ▁at ▁NFL . com ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁NFL ▁season ▁results ▁at ▁NFL . com ▁ ▁Seattle ▁Category : Se attle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁seasons <0x0A> </s> ▁K S LL ▁( 1 0 8 0 ▁AM , ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁broadcast ing ▁a ▁country ▁music ▁format . ▁Lic ensed ▁to ▁Price , ▁Ut ah , ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁station ▁serves ▁the ▁Central ▁Ut ah ▁area . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁currently ▁owned ▁by ▁A jb ▁Hold ings , ▁L LC . ▁ ▁K S LL ' s ▁sk yw ave ▁signal ▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁in ▁Salt ▁Lake ▁City , ▁Ut ah ▁and ▁Green ▁River , ▁Wy oming ▁▁▁ 1 0 8 0 ▁AM ▁is ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁clear - channel ▁frequency , ▁on ▁which ▁K O AN ▁in ▁An ch orage , ▁Al aska , ▁K RL D ▁in ▁Dallas , ▁Texas , ▁and ▁W T IC ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut ▁share ▁Class ▁A ▁status . ▁ ▁K S LL ▁must ▁leave ▁the ▁air ▁between ▁sun set ▁and ▁sun r ise ▁to ▁protect ▁the |
▁night time ▁sk yw ave ▁signals ▁of ▁the ▁Class ▁A ▁stations . ▁ ▁FM ▁transl ator ▁The ▁K S LL ▁( 1 0 8 0 ▁k Hz ) ▁True ▁Country ▁signal ▁is ▁relay ed ▁to ▁an ▁FM ▁transl ator ; ▁this ▁transl ator ▁provides ▁the ▁listener ▁with ▁the ▁choice ▁of ▁FM ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁per ▁day ▁with ▁s tere oph onic ▁high ▁f idel ity ▁sound . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁F CC ▁History ▁C ards ▁for ▁K S LL ▁ ▁Category : Country ▁radio ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁S LL ▁Category : Day time - only ▁radio ▁stations <0x0A> </s> ▁De h - e ▁B ala ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁De h - e ▁B ā l ā ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Sar ▁A si ab - e ▁F ars ang i ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁K erman ▁County , ▁K erman ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 3 2 , ▁in ▁ 7 1 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁K erman ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League ▁Final ▁was ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League , ▁the ▁ 5 4 th ▁edition ▁of ▁Africa ' s ▁premier ▁club ▁football ▁tournament ▁organized ▁by ▁the ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁African ▁Football ▁( C AF ), ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 2 nd |
▁edition ▁under ▁the ▁current ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League ▁title . ▁ ▁The ▁final ▁was ▁cont ested ▁in ▁two - leg ged ▁home - and - away ▁format ▁between ▁Al - Ah ly ▁from ▁Egypt ▁and ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁from ▁Tun is ia . ▁The ▁first ▁leg ▁was ▁hosted ▁by ▁Al - Ah ly ▁on ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁while ▁the ▁second ▁leg ▁was ▁hosted ▁by ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁at ▁the ▁St ade ▁Olymp ique ▁de ▁Rad ès ▁in ▁Rad ès ▁on ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁won ▁the ▁final ▁ 4 – 3 ▁on ▁aggregate ▁for ▁their ▁third ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League ▁title . ▁As ▁w inners , ▁they ▁earned ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁C AF ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁FIFA ▁Club ▁World ▁Cup , ▁entering ▁at ▁the ▁second ▁round , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁C AF ▁Super ▁Cup ▁against ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C AF ▁Confeder ation ▁Cup . ▁ ▁Teams ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁table , ▁final s ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁African ▁Cup ▁of ▁Champions ▁Club ▁era , ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League ▁era . ▁ ▁Background ▁Al - Ah ly ▁are ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁club ▁in ▁Egypt ▁and ▁Africa ▁with ▁eight ▁titles , ▁winning ▁eight ▁( 1 9 8 |
2 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁and ▁losing ▁three ▁( 1 9 8 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ). ▁Al - Ah ly ▁were ▁playing ▁their ▁tw elf th ▁and ▁second ▁consecutive ▁final . ▁ ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁had ▁reached ▁the ▁final ▁six ▁times ▁before , ▁more ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁Tun is ian ▁side , ▁winning ▁two ▁( 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁and ▁losing ▁four ▁( 1 9 9 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ). ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁were ▁playing ▁their ▁sevent h ▁final ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁sides ▁had ▁previously ▁played ▁ 1 8 ▁matches ▁in ▁African ▁compet itions . ▁The ▁first ▁meet ings ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁African ▁Cup ▁of ▁Champions ▁Club s ▁round ▁of ▁ 1 6 , ▁where ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁beat ▁Al - Ah ly ▁on ▁pen alt ies ▁after ▁the ▁home ▁and ▁away ▁matches ▁ended ▁ 0 – 0 . ▁The ▁most ▁recent ▁meet ings ▁between ▁the ▁clubs ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁in ▁the |
▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁League ▁group ▁stage , ▁where ▁Al - Ah ly ' s ▁home ▁match ▁ended ▁ 0 – 0 , ▁and ▁then ▁Esp é rance ▁de ▁Tun is ▁lost ▁ 0 – 1 ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁Al - Ah ly ▁on ▁a ▁Wal id ▁Az aro ▁goal . ▁ ▁Ven ues ▁ ▁Borg ▁El ▁Arab ▁Stadium ▁ ▁The ▁Borg ▁El ▁Arab ▁Stadium ▁is ▁a ▁stad ium ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁Sea ▁resort ▁of ▁Borg ▁El ▁Arab ; ▁ 2 5 km ▁west ▁of ▁Alexand ria , ▁Egypt . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁stad ium ▁in ▁Egypt ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁in ▁Africa ▁( after ▁F NB ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Johannes burg ) ▁with ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 8 6 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁all - se ater . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁ 2 7 th ▁largest ▁stad ium ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁and ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁largest ▁association ▁football ▁stad ium ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁C airo - Alex and ria ▁desert ▁highway ▁ 1 0 km ▁from ▁Borg ▁El ▁Arab ▁Airport ▁and ▁ 1 5 km ▁from ▁Alexand ria ' s ▁city ▁centre . ▁A ▁running ▁track ▁runs ▁around ▁the ▁pitch , ▁and ▁the ▁ground ▁has ▁four ▁large ▁flo od light s . ▁Only ▁one ▁stand ▁is ▁covered ▁by ▁a ▁roof . ▁ ▁St ade ▁Olymp ique ▁de ▁Rad ès ▁ ▁The ▁St ade |
▁Olymp ique ▁de ▁Rad ès ▁is ▁a ▁multi - pur pose ▁stad ium ▁in ▁Rad ès , ▁Tun is ia ▁about ▁ 1 0 ▁kilom eters ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁center ▁of ▁Tun is , ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁Olympic ▁City . ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁used ▁mostly ▁for ▁football ▁matches ▁and ▁it ▁also ▁has ▁facilities ▁for ▁athlet ics . ▁ ▁The ▁stad ium ▁holds ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Mediter rane an ▁Games ▁ ▁and ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁stad iums ▁in ▁Africa . ▁The ▁stad ium ▁was ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Mediter rane an ▁Games , ▁the ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 - se at ▁covered ▁area ▁covers ▁ 1 3 , 0 0 0 ▁m 2 ▁and ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁central ▁area , ▁ 3 ▁ad jo ining ▁grounds , ▁ 2 ▁warm - up ▁rooms , ▁ 2 ▁paint ings ▁and ▁an ▁official ▁stand ▁of ▁ 7 , 0 0 0 ▁seats . ▁The ▁press ▁gallery ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁ 3 0 0 ▁des ks . ▁ ▁Road ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁ ▁Note : ▁In ▁all ▁results ▁below , ▁the ▁score ▁of ▁the ▁final ist ▁is ▁given ▁first ▁( H : ▁home ; ▁A : ▁away ). ▁ ▁Format ▁The ▁final ▁was ▁played ▁on ▁a ▁home - and - away ▁two - leg ged ▁basis , ▁with ▁the |
▁order ▁of ▁legs ▁determined ▁by ▁the ▁knock out ▁stage ▁draw , ▁which ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 : 0 0 ▁E ET ▁( UTC + 2 ), ▁at ▁the ▁C AF ▁headquarters ▁in ▁C airo , ▁Egypt . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁aggregate ▁score ▁was ▁tied ▁after ▁the ▁second ▁leg , ▁the ▁away ▁goals ▁rule ▁would ▁be ▁applied , ▁and ▁if ▁still ▁tied , ▁extra ▁time ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁played , ▁and ▁the ▁penalty ▁shoot - out ▁would ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁winner . ▁ ▁Match es ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C AF ▁Confeder ation ▁Cup ▁Final ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁C AF ▁Super ▁Cup ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Total ▁Champions ▁League ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁C AF online . com ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁* Final ▁C CL ▁C CL ▁C AF ▁Champions ▁Le age ▁Category : Intern ational ▁club ▁association ▁football ▁compet itions ▁hosted ▁by ▁Egypt ▁Category : Intern ational ▁club ▁association ▁football ▁compet itions ▁hosted ▁by ▁Tun is ia ▁Category : S ports ▁compet itions ▁in ▁Rad ès ▁Category : 2 1 st ▁century ▁in ▁Rad ès <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁article ▁lists ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Federal ▁parties ▁ ▁In ▁contrast ▁with ▁the ▁political ▁party ▁systems ▁of ▁many ▁nations , ▁Canadian ▁parties ▁at ▁the ▁federal ▁level ▁are ▁often ▁only ▁lo os ely ▁connected ▁with ▁parties ▁at ▁the ▁provincial ▁level |
, ▁despite ▁having ▁similar ▁names . ▁One ▁exception ▁is ▁the ▁New ▁Democratic ▁Party , ▁which ▁is ▁organization ally ▁integrated ▁with ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁provincial ▁counter parts ▁including ▁a ▁shared ▁membership . ▁ ▁Provin cial ▁and ▁territorial ▁parties ▁ ▁Al berta ▁ ▁British ▁Columbia ▁ ▁Man it oba ▁ ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁ ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador ▁ ▁North west ▁Territ ories ▁From ▁approximately ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 5 , ▁political ▁parties ▁were ▁active ; ▁however , ▁legisl ative ▁government ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁when ▁the ▁provinces ▁of ▁Al berta ▁and ▁S ask atch ew an ▁were ▁created ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁heavily ▁populated ▁area ▁of ▁N WT . ▁Elect ed ▁legisl ative ▁government ▁was ▁re - est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁Like ▁N un av ut , ▁N WT ▁elect s ▁independent ▁candidates ▁and ▁oper ates ▁by ▁cons ensus . ▁ ▁Some ▁candidates ▁in ▁recent ▁years ▁have ▁assert ed ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁running ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁a ▁party , ▁but ▁territorial ▁law ▁does ▁not ▁recognize ▁parties . ▁ ▁Historical ▁parties ▁ 1 8 9 7 – 1 9 0 5 ▁North west ▁Territ ories ▁Liberal ▁Party ▁North west ▁Territ ories ▁Liberal - Con serv ative ▁Party ▁ ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁ ▁N un av ut ▁The ▁territory , ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁has ▁a ▁legisl ature ▁that ▁runs ▁on ▁a ▁cons ensus ▁government ▁model , ▁candidates ▁running ▁as ▁independ ents , ▁and ▁no ▁parties ▁are |
▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly . ▁ ▁Ontario ▁ ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island ▁ ▁Quebec ▁ ▁S ask atch ew an ▁ ▁Y uk on ▁ ▁Municipal ▁parties ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁municipal ▁politics ▁in ▁Canada ▁are ▁non - part isan , ▁but ▁the ▁municipal ▁govern ments ▁of ▁V ancouver ▁and ▁Montreal ▁operate ▁on ▁a ▁party ▁system . ▁ ▁Montreal ▁ ▁V ancouver ▁ ▁Canada ▁Political ▁party ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁is ▁the ▁lower ▁house ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁and ▁is ▁larger ▁than ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁Senate . ▁ ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁between ▁ 4 0 ▁and ▁ 5 4 ▁legisl ative ▁districts ▁app ort ioned ▁by ▁population ▁as ▁determined ▁by ▁the ▁dec enn ial ▁census . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁red istrict ing ▁plan ▁provided ▁for ▁ 4 7 ▁districts . ▁ ▁As ▁each ▁district ▁elect s ▁ 2 ▁Representatives ▁to ▁the ▁House , ▁there ▁are ▁currently ▁ 9 4 ▁Representatives ▁in ▁the ▁House . ▁ ▁Representatives ▁serve ▁ 4 - year ▁terms . ▁ ▁E lections ▁are ▁st agger ed ▁such ▁that ▁half ▁the ▁districts ▁have ▁elections ▁every ▁ 2 ▁years . ▁Origin ally , ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁Constitution ▁limited ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁to ▁two - year ▁terms , ▁with ▁all ▁represent atives ▁standing ▁for ▁re e lection ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁That ▁practice ▁continued ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁when ▁the ▁vot ers ▁approved |
▁a ▁constitution al ▁am end ment ▁that ▁changed ▁the ▁term ▁for ▁represent atives ▁to ▁four - year s ▁with ▁st agger ed ▁terms . ▁The ▁am end ment ▁went ▁into ▁effect ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁applied ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁elections . ▁Every ▁two ▁years ▁half ▁the ▁districts ▁elect ▁both ▁their ▁represent atives ▁by ▁block ▁voting . ▁ ▁The ▁House ▁Chamber ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁State ▁Capit ol ▁in ▁B ism ar ck , ▁North ▁Dak ota . ▁ ▁Com position ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁▁ 6 6 th ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁( 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 2 0 ) ▁▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 2 0 ▁Offic ers ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁House ▁The ▁below ▁individuals ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁for ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁( 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 2 1 ). ▁▁ ▁† Re present ative ▁was ▁appointed ▁when ▁they ▁first ▁joined ▁the ▁House ▁ ▁Past ▁composition ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Spe akers ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁List ▁of ▁Major ity ▁Le aders ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁official ▁site ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁at ▁Ball ot p edia ▁ ▁Legisl ature ▁of ▁North ▁Dak ota |
▁at ▁Project ▁V ote ▁Sm art ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁campaign ▁finan cing ▁at ▁Follow The M oney . org ▁ ▁Category : N orth ▁Dak ota ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁Category : State ▁lower ▁houses ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁European ▁Cult iv ated ▁Pot ato ▁Database ▁( E CP D ) ▁is ▁an ▁online ▁collabor ative ▁database ▁of ▁pot ato ▁variety ▁descri ptions . ▁The ▁information ▁that ▁it ▁contains ▁can ▁be ▁searched ▁by ▁variety ▁name , ▁or ▁by ▁selecting ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁required ▁characteristics . ▁▁▁▁ 1 5 9 , 8 4 8 ▁observations ▁▁ 2 9 ▁contrib utors ▁▁ 9 1 ▁characters ▁▁ 4 , 1 1 9 ▁cultiv ated ▁vari eties ▁▁ 1 , 3 5 4 ▁bre eding ▁lines ▁ ▁The ▁data ▁is ▁indexed ▁by ▁variety , ▁character , ▁country ▁of ▁origin , ▁and ▁contrib utor . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁facility ▁to ▁select ▁a ▁variety ▁and ▁to ▁find ▁similar ▁vari eties ▁based ▁upon ▁botan ical ▁characteristics . ▁▁ ▁E CP D ▁is ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁collaboration ▁between ▁participants ▁in ▁eight ▁European ▁Union ▁countries ▁and ▁five ▁East ▁European ▁countries . ▁It ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁information ▁on ▁vari eties ▁maintained ▁by ▁them . ▁More ▁than ▁twenty - three ▁scientific ▁organis ations ▁are ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁this ▁information ▁source . ▁ ▁The ▁database ▁is ▁maintained ▁and ▁updated ▁by ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Agricult ural ▁Science ▁Agency ▁within ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Cooper ative ▁Program me ▁for ▁C rop ▁Gen etic ▁Resources ▁Network s ▁( E CP / GR |
), ▁which ▁is ▁organ ised ▁by ▁Bio vers ity ▁International . ▁ ▁The ▁European ▁Cult iv ated ▁Pot ato ▁Database ▁was ▁created ▁to ▁advance ▁the ▁conservation ▁and ▁use ▁of ▁gen etic ▁divers ity ▁for ▁the ▁well - be ing ▁of ▁present ▁and ▁future ▁gener ations . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁The ▁European ▁Cult iv ated ▁Pot ato ▁Database ▁ ▁Category : B iod iversity ▁databases ▁Category : Dat ab ases ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Category : G overn ment ▁databases ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Information ▁technology ▁organizations ▁based ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : On line ▁databases ▁Category : P ot atoes <0x0A> </s> ▁Richmond ▁Castle ▁in ▁Richmond , ▁North ▁York shire , ▁England , ▁stands ▁in ▁a ▁command ing ▁position ▁above ▁the ▁River ▁Sw ale , ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Richmond . ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁called ▁R iche ▁Mount , ▁' the ▁strong ▁hill '. ▁The ▁castle ▁was ▁constructed ▁by ▁Alan ▁R uf us ▁from ▁ 1 0 7 1 ▁on wards ▁following ▁the ▁Norman ▁Con quest ▁of ▁England , ▁and ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁of ▁ 1 0 8 6 ▁refers ▁to ▁' a ▁cast l ery ' ▁at ▁Richmond . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century , ▁his ▁great - ne p hew ▁Con an ▁expanded ▁the ▁castle ▁and ▁built ▁the ▁keep . ▁Although ▁it ▁was ▁der el ict ▁by ▁ 1 5 4 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁restored ▁centuries ▁later . ▁The ▁property ▁is ▁the ▁best - pres erved ▁early ▁Norman ▁castle ▁in ▁England ▁and |
▁an ▁important ▁tour ist ▁att raction . ▁ ▁Layout ▁ ▁Richmond ▁Castle ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁main ▁parts : ▁a ▁tri angular ▁main ▁en closure , ▁an ▁outer ▁en closure ▁to ▁the ▁east , ▁a ▁keep ▁at ▁the ▁northern ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁en closure , ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁en closure ▁around ▁the ▁keep . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 0 6 9 ▁William ▁the ▁Con quer or ▁had ▁ ▁put ▁down ▁a ▁re bell ion ▁at ▁York ▁which ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁his ▁" har ry ing ▁of ▁the ▁North " ▁– ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁eth nic ▁cle ans ing ▁which ▁dep op ulated ▁large ▁areas ▁for ▁a ▁generation ▁or ▁more . ▁As ▁a ▁further ▁pun ishment , ▁he ▁divided ▁up ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁north ▁York shire ▁among ▁his ▁most ▁loyal ▁follow ers . ▁Alan ▁R uf us , ▁of ▁Brit t any , ▁received ▁the ▁bor ough ▁of ▁Richmond ▁and ▁began ▁construct ing ▁the ▁castle ▁to ▁defend ▁against ▁further ▁re bell ions ▁and ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁personal ▁power ▁base . ▁His ▁hold ings , ▁called ▁the ▁Hon our ▁of ▁Richmond , ▁covered ▁parts ▁of ▁eight ▁count ies ▁and ▁amount ed ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁extensive ▁Norman ▁est ates ▁in ▁England . ▁ ▁A ▁- high ▁keep ▁of ▁h oney - col oured ▁sand stone ▁was ▁constructed ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁by ▁Duke ▁Con an ▁IV ▁of ▁Brit t any . ▁The ▁Ear ld om ▁of ▁Richmond ▁was ▁seized ▁in ▁ 1 1 5 8 ▁by |
▁Henry ▁II ▁of ▁England . ▁It ▁was ▁King ▁Henry ▁II ▁who ▁probably ▁completed ▁the ▁keep ▁which ▁had ▁- thick ▁walls . ▁Modern ▁visitors ▁can ▁clim b ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁keep ▁for ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Richmond . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁that ▁the ▁keep ▁was ▁probably ▁completed , ▁Henry ▁II ▁consider ably ▁strength ened ▁the ▁castle ▁by ▁adding ▁to wers ▁and ▁a ▁bar b ican . ▁Henry ▁III ▁and ▁King ▁Edward ▁I ▁spent ▁more ▁money ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁including ▁Edward ' s ▁improvements ▁to ▁the ▁keep ▁interior . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁circuit ▁of ▁the ▁wall , ▁there ▁was ▁the ▁bar b ican ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁gate ▁which ▁function ed ▁as ▁a ▁se aled ▁entry ▁space , ▁allowing ▁visitors ▁and ▁w ag ons ▁to ▁be ▁checked ▁before ▁they ▁gained ▁entry ▁to ▁the ▁castle ▁itself . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁castle , ▁over looking ▁the ▁river , ▁was ▁another ▁en closure ▁or ▁ba iley ▁called ▁the ▁C ock pit , ▁which ▁may ▁have ▁function ed ▁as ▁a ▁garden ▁and ▁was ▁over look ed ▁by ▁a ▁bal con y . ▁A ▁drawing ▁of ▁ 1 6 7 4 ▁suggests ▁there ▁was ▁another ▁longer ▁bal con y ▁over looking ▁the ▁river ▁side ▁of ▁S col land ' s ▁Hall , ▁the ▁Great ▁Hall . ▁ ▁Richmond ▁Castle ▁had ▁fallen ▁out ▁of ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁for tr ess ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁and ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁receive ▁major ▁improvements ▁after ▁that ▁date |
. ▁A ▁survey ▁of ▁ 1 5 3 8 ▁shows ▁it ▁was ▁partly ▁in ▁ru ins , ▁but ▁paint ings ▁by ▁Turner ▁and ▁others , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁tour ism ▁and ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁anti qu ities , ▁led ▁to ▁rep airs ▁to ▁the ▁keep ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁the ▁castle ▁became ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁York shire ▁Milit ia , ▁and ▁a ▁military ▁bar ra cks ▁block ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁the ▁great ▁cour ty ard . ▁For ▁two ▁years , ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁the ▁castle ▁was ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁Robert ▁Baden - P ow ell , ▁later ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Boy ▁Sc outs , ▁while ▁he ▁commanded ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ orial ▁Army ▁but ▁the ▁bar ra cks ▁building ▁was ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁▁ ▁The ▁castle ▁was ▁used ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁as ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁the ▁Non - Com bat ant ▁Corps ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁cons cient ious ▁object ors ▁– ▁cons cript s ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁fight . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁imprison ▁some ▁cons cient ious ▁object ors ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁accept ▁army ▁discipline ▁and ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁any ▁way . ▁These ▁included ▁the ▁" Rich mond ▁Six teen " ▁who ▁were ▁taken ▁to ▁France ▁from ▁the ▁castle , ▁charged ▁under ▁Field ▁Reg ulations , ▁and ▁then ▁sent enced ▁to ▁death , ▁but ▁their |
▁death ▁sentences ▁were ▁comm uted ▁to ▁ten ▁years ' ▁hard ▁labour . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁ 1 1 th - century ▁main ▁gate ▁arch ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁bas ement ▁of ▁the ▁later ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁keep ▁which ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁it ; ▁the ▁original ▁arch ▁was ▁un block ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁castle ▁is ▁a ▁scheduled ▁monument , ▁a ▁" n ation ally ▁important " ▁historic ▁building ▁and ▁arch ae ological ▁site ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁given ▁protection ▁against ▁una ut hor ised ▁change . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁Gra de I ▁listed ▁building ▁and ▁therefore ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁an ▁intern ation ally ▁important ▁structure . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁legend , ▁King ▁Arthur ▁and ▁his ▁kn ights ▁are ▁sleep ing ▁in ▁a ▁cave ▁under ne ath ▁the ▁castle . ▁It ▁is ▁said ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁once ▁discovered ▁by ▁a ▁pot ter ▁named ▁Thompson , ▁who ▁ran ▁away ▁when ▁they ▁began ▁to ▁aw ake . ▁Another ▁legend ▁tells ▁that ▁a ▁drum mer ▁boy ▁was ▁lost ▁while ▁investig ating ▁a ▁tunnel , ▁and ▁that ▁his ▁g host ly ▁drum ming ▁is ▁sometimes ▁heard ▁around ▁the ▁castle . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁cast les ▁in ▁England ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁English ▁Heritage ' s ▁page ▁on ▁Richmond ▁Castle ▁Gate house ▁record ▁for ▁Richmond ▁Castle , ▁containing ▁a ▁compreh ensive ▁bibli ography ▁http :// news . bb c . co . uk / |
local / y ork / hi / people _ and _ p laces / rel ig ion _ and _ eth ics / news id _ 8 3 4 2 0 0 0 / 8 3 4 2 9 9 5 . st m ▁ ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : G rade ▁I ▁listed ▁buildings ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : English ▁Heritage ▁sites ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : Loc ations ▁associated ▁with ▁Arthur ian ▁legend ▁Category : R u ins ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : Sch eduled ▁An cient ▁Mon uments ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : Rich mond , ▁North ▁York shire <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ash burn ham ▁Baron et cy , ▁of ▁Bro om ham ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Sus sex , ▁is ▁a ▁title ▁in ▁the ▁Baron et age ▁of ▁England . ▁It ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 1 6 6 1 ▁for ▁Den ny ▁Ash burn ham , ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁H ast ings . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁grand son ▁of ▁Adam ▁Ash burn ham , ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Win ch else a ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 2 , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Laur ence ▁Ash burn ham , ▁and ▁a ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Richard ▁Ash burn ham ▁of ▁Bro om ham ▁( 1 5 th ▁century ), ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Ash burn ham , ▁whose ▁el dest ▁son ▁John ▁was ▁the ▁ancest or ▁of ▁the ▁Ear ls ▁of ▁Ash burn ham . |
▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁elder ▁son , ▁William , ▁the ▁second ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁represented ▁H ast ings ▁and ▁Se af ord ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons . ▁He ▁died ▁child less ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 5 ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Charles , ▁the ▁third ▁Baron et . ▁His ▁son , ▁William , ▁the ▁fourth ▁Baron et , ▁was ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Ch ich ester . ▁On ▁his ▁death ▁the ▁title ▁passed ▁to ▁his ▁son , ▁the ▁fifth ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁sat ▁as ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁H ast ings . ▁ ▁His ▁el dest ▁son , ▁William , ▁the ▁sixth ▁Baron et , ▁died ▁child less ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 3 ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁John , ▁the ▁sevent h ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁was ▁Chan cell or ▁and ▁Pre b end ary ▁of ▁Ch ich ester . ▁On ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁the ▁title ▁passed ▁to ▁his ▁el dest ▁surv iving ▁son , ▁An ch itel , ▁the ▁e ighth ▁Baron et . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 8 ▁he ▁was ▁found ▁by ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁co - he ir ▁to ▁the ▁ancient ▁bar ony ▁of ▁Grand ison , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁ab ey ance ▁since ▁ 1 3 7 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁el dest ▁son , ▁An ch itel , ▁the ▁nin th ▁baron et . ▁He ▁married ▁Elizabeth ▁Ellen , ▁daughter ▁of ▁George |
▁Bur ry ▁Clement . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁he ▁assumed ▁by ▁Royal ▁lic ence ▁the ▁additional ▁surname ▁of ▁Clement . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Regin ald , ▁the ▁t enth ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁was ▁child less ▁and ▁on ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁the ▁title ▁passed ▁to ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Fle et wood , ▁the ▁ele vent h ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁second ▁but ▁el dest ▁surv iving ▁son , ▁Den ny , ▁the ▁tw elf th ▁Baron et ▁( the ▁el dest ▁son , ▁An ch itel ▁Fle et wood ▁Ash burn ham ▁having ▁died ▁on ▁active ▁service ▁in ▁Palest ine ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ). ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁title ▁is ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁latter ' s ▁grand son , ▁James , ▁the ▁th ir teenth ▁Baron et , ▁who ▁succeeded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁co - he ir ▁to ▁the ▁ab ey ant ▁bar ony ▁of ▁Grand ison . ▁ ▁Another ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁to ▁gain ▁distinction ▁was ▁Sir ▁C rom er ▁Ash burn ham ▁( 1 8 3 1 – 1 9 1 7 ), ▁young est ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁sevent h ▁Baron et . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Major - General ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Army . ▁ ▁Ash burn ham ▁baron ets , ▁of ▁Bro om ham ▁( 1 6 6 1 ) ▁ ▁Sir ▁Den ny ▁Ash burn ham , |
▁ 1 st ▁Baron et ▁ ▁( d ied ▁ 1 6 9 7 ) ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron et ▁( 1 6 7 8 – 1 7 5 5 ) ▁Sir ▁Charles ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 3 rd ▁Baron et ▁( c . ▁ 1 6 8 0 – 1 7 6 2 ) ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 4 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 7 1 0 – 1 7 9 7 ) ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 5 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 7 3 9 – 1 8 2 3 ) ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 6 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 7 6 9 – 1 8 4 3 ) ▁Sir ▁John ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 7 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 7 7 0 – 1 8 5 4 ) ▁Sir ▁An ch itel ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 8 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 2 8 – 1 8 9 9 ) ▁Sir ▁An ch itel ▁P iers ▁Ash burn ham - C lement , ▁ 9 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 6 1 – 1 9 3 5 ) ▁Sir ▁Regin ald ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 1 0 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 4 4 ) ▁Sir ▁Fle et wood ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 1 1 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 6 9 – 1 9 5 3 ) ▁Sir |
▁Den ny ▁Regin ald ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 1 2 th ▁Baron et ▁( 1 9 1 6 – 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Sir ▁James ▁Fle et wood ▁Ash burn ham , ▁ 1 3 th ▁Baron et ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Earl ▁of ▁Ash burn ham ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁K idd , ▁Charles , ▁William son , ▁David ▁( edit ors ). ▁Deb rett ' s ▁Pe er age ▁and ▁Baron et age ▁( 1 9 9 0 ▁edition ). ▁New ▁York : ▁St ▁Martin ' s ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁▁ ▁As burn ham ▁Category : 1 6 6 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁R oper ▁River ▁is ▁a ▁large ▁per enn ial ▁river ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁K atherine ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory ▁of ▁ ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Location ▁and ▁features ▁Form ed ▁by ▁the ▁confl u ence ▁of ▁the ▁Water house ▁River ▁and ▁R oper ▁Creek , ▁the ▁R oper ▁River ▁r ises ▁east ▁of ▁Mat ar anka ▁in ▁the ▁El sey ▁National ▁Park ▁and ▁flows ▁generally ▁east ▁for ▁over ▁ ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁sea ▁in ▁Lim men ▁B ight ▁on ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Car pent aria . ▁The ▁river ▁is ▁joined ▁by ▁fifteen ▁trib ut aries ▁including ▁the ▁Ch amb ers , ▁Str ang ways , ▁J al bo i , ▁H od g son ▁and ▁the ▁Wil ton ▁R ivers . ▁The ▁river ▁desc ends ▁ ▁over |
▁its ▁ ▁course ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁catch ment ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁which ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁river ▁catch ment ▁areas ▁in ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory . ▁The ▁R oper ▁River ▁is ▁navig able ▁for ▁about ▁, ▁until ▁the ▁tid al ▁limit ▁at ▁R oper ▁Bar , ▁and ▁forms ▁the ▁southern ▁boundary ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁known ▁as ▁Arn hem ▁Land . ▁Mat ar anka ▁Hot ▁Spr ings ▁and ▁the ▁town ship ▁of ▁Mat ar anka ▁lie ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁river ▁at ▁its ▁western ▁end . ▁Port ▁R oper ▁lies ▁near ▁its ▁mouth ▁on ▁Lim men ▁B ight . ▁ ▁The ▁river ▁has ▁a ▁mean ▁annual ▁out flow ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Et ym ology ▁The ▁first ▁European ▁to ▁explore ▁the ▁R oper ▁River ▁was ▁Ludwig ▁Le ich hardt ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁as ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁way ▁from ▁Mor eton ▁Bay ▁to ▁Port ▁Ess ington . ▁Le ich hardt ▁crossed ▁the ▁river ▁at ▁R oper ▁Bar , ▁a ▁rock y ▁sh elf ▁which ▁convenient ly ▁lies ▁at ▁the ▁high ▁t ide ▁limit ▁on ▁the ▁river . ▁He ▁named ▁the ▁river ▁after ▁John ▁R oper , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁expedition . ▁ ▁R oper ▁River ▁Mission ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁R oper ▁River ▁Mission ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁After ▁it ▁was ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁the ▁government ▁took ▁over ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁community . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁handed |
▁to ▁the ▁Y ug ul ▁Mang i ▁Community ▁Government ▁Council , ▁and ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁renamed ▁N gu k urr . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Northern ▁Territ ory ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory <0x0A> </s> ▁San ▁Giorg io ▁Mag giore ▁is ▁a ▁bas il ica ▁church ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Via ▁vic aria ▁Vec chia ▁and ▁Via ▁Du omo , ▁in ▁central ▁Nap les , ▁Italy . ▁The ▁ap se ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁lies ▁diag on ally ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁from ▁San ▁Sever o ▁al ▁P end ino . ▁ ▁A ▁church ▁at ▁the ▁site ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century , ▁and ▁was ▁initially ▁known ▁as ▁" la ▁sever iana ", ▁after ▁the ▁bishop ▁San ▁Sever o ▁of ▁Nap les . ▁The ▁present ▁name ▁dates ▁to ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁century , ▁and ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁a ▁mart y red ▁war rior ▁in ▁the ▁batt les ▁against ▁the ▁Lomb ards . ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 0 , ▁a ▁fire ▁destroyed ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁church , ▁and ▁reconst ruction ▁followed ▁plans ▁by ▁Cos imo ▁F anz ago , ▁who ▁invert ed ▁the ▁orientation . ▁The ▁present ▁church ' s ▁entrance ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁ap se ▁of ▁the ▁primitive ▁church . ▁After ▁ 1 6 9 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁re built ▁after ▁an ▁earth qu ake . ▁Cos imo ▁F anz ago ▁transferred ▁into ▁this ▁church ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁gran ite ▁columns ▁from ▁the ▁nearby ▁church ▁of |
▁Santa ▁Maria ▁degli ▁Ang eli ▁alle ▁Cro ci . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁R isan amiento , ▁when ▁certain ▁streets ▁in ▁Nap les ▁were ▁being ▁w iden ed , ▁the ▁nave ▁on ▁the ▁right ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁to ▁w iden ▁Via ▁Du omo . ▁Near ▁the ▁later al ▁door ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁is ▁the ▁mar ble ▁seat , ▁constructed ▁from ▁sp olia , ▁of ▁St ▁Sever us , ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁church . ▁In ▁the ▁left ▁of ▁main ▁alt ar ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁are ▁fres co es ▁painted ▁by ▁a ▁young ▁Sol im ena . ▁The ▁church ▁also ▁holds ▁a ▁painting ▁in ▁By z antine ▁style , ▁a ▁wooden ▁cru c if ix ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁and ▁the ▁re lic s ▁of ▁St ▁Sever us . ▁The ▁church ▁has ▁can v ases ▁by ▁Camil lo ▁Lion ti ▁and ▁Francesco ▁Per esi . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁V inc en zo ▁Regin a , ▁Le ▁ch iese ▁di ▁Napoli . ▁Vi aggio ▁ind iment ic abile ▁attra verso ▁la ▁storia ▁artist ica , ▁arch itet ton ica , ▁letter aria , ▁civile ▁e ▁spir itu ale ▁della ▁Napoli ▁sac ra , ▁Newton ▁and ▁Com pton ▁editor , ▁Nap les ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Giorg io ▁Mag giore ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁buildings ▁Category : Bar o que ▁architecture ▁in ▁Nap les <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ▁ ▁or ▁Giuseppe ▁R uff ini ▁( 1 6 |
9 0 ▁- ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 7 4 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Italian - A ust rian ▁painter , ▁mainly ▁active ▁in ▁Germany . ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Mer ano ▁in ▁the ▁Ty rol . ▁He ▁trained ▁with ▁his ▁father , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 7 1 1 ▁he ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁Mun ich ▁in ▁Bav aria . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁late - Bar o que ▁cycle ▁of ▁paint ings ▁for ▁the ▁Otto be uren ▁Ab bey . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Bav aria . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 4 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ty rol ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mer ano ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Italian ▁pain ters ▁Category : Ital ian ▁male ▁pain ters <0x0A> </s> ▁G rib ov ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁municipality ▁in ▁St rop kov ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁Pre š ov ▁Region ▁of ▁north - e astern ▁Slov ak ia . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁historical ▁records ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁first ▁mentioned ▁in ▁ 1 4 1 4 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁The ▁municipality ▁lies ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 2 8 4 ▁metres ▁and ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 7 . 9 4 2 km ². ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 9 1 ▁people . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 0 7 1 2 1 |
7 0 8 0 3 3 6 / http :// www . stat istics . sk / mos mis / eng / run . html ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁and ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁St rop kov ▁District ▁Category : Š ari š <0x0A> </s> ▁Carlo ▁Ot te ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 0 8 ; ▁date ▁of ▁death ▁unknown ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁Naz i ▁administrator . ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁he ▁cha ired ▁the ▁economy ▁section ▁of ▁Reich sk omm iss ariat ▁Nor w egen , ▁and ▁was ▁Josef ▁Ter b oven ' s ▁advis er ▁on ▁econom ical ▁issues . ▁By ▁holding ▁this ▁position , ▁he ▁had ▁significant ▁influence ▁on ▁Norwegian ▁economy ▁during ▁the ▁German ▁occupation ▁of ▁Norway . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : G erman ▁people ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : G erman ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Norway <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Marshall ▁Chair ▁of ▁French ▁Language ▁and ▁Liter ature ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁established ▁ch airs ▁in ▁French ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow , ▁the ▁other ▁being ▁the ▁Stevens on ▁Chair ▁which ▁is ▁not ▁currently ▁occupied . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁as ▁the ▁Marshall ▁Chair ▁of ▁Modern ▁Rom ance ▁Language ▁from ▁a ▁lect ures hip ▁instit uted ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 , ▁and ▁had ▁its ▁title ▁changed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁ |
▁Robert ▁Marshall , ▁after ▁whom ▁the ▁Chair ▁is ▁named , ▁owned ▁the ▁G range hill ▁Est ate ▁near ▁Be ith , ▁A yr shire , ▁and ▁left ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁in ▁his ▁will ▁to ▁assist ▁with ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁a ▁chair ▁in ▁modern ▁languages . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁His ▁legacy ▁was ▁combined ▁with ▁that ▁of ▁James ▁Cl ason - Har vie ▁of ▁Brown lie ▁and ▁others ▁to ▁end ow ▁the ▁existing ▁lect ures hip , ▁created ▁as ▁a ▁Chair ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁ ▁Marshall ▁Prof ess ors ▁of ▁French ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁the ▁Marshall ▁L ect urer ▁in ▁French , ▁Charles ▁Martin , ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Marshall ▁Professor . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁by ▁Alan ▁Bo ase , ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁Oxford , ▁Cambridge ▁and ▁the ▁Sor bon ne , ▁and ▁an ▁authority ▁on ▁influ ential ▁French ▁Renaissance ▁writer ▁Michel ▁de ▁Mont a igne . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁an ▁Officer ▁of ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Hon our ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁government ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁won ▁the ▁Prix ▁du ▁Ray onn ement ▁de ▁la ▁Lang ue ▁Fran çaise , ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁française . ▁Under ▁his ▁leadership , ▁the ▁department ▁grew ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁most ▁dynamic ▁in ▁Britain . ▁Bo ase ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Bo ase ▁was ▁followed ▁in ▁ |
1 9 6 6 ▁by ▁Austin ▁Gill , ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁Mag d alen ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁who ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁the ▁British ▁Council ' s ▁Represent ative ▁in ▁North ▁Africa ▁and ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Institute ▁in ▁Paris , ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁awarded ▁a ▁C BE ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁Gill ▁was ▁a ▁special ist ▁in ▁French ▁literature ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and ▁particularly ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁symbol ist ▁poet ▁St é ph ane ▁Mall arm é . ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁Chair ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁this ▁research , ▁being ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Henry ▁Bar n well , ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Col in ▁Sm eth urst ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Chair ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Liverpool . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁an ▁Offic ier ▁dans ▁l ' Ord re ▁des ▁Pal mes ▁ac adém iques , ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁three ▁gr ades ▁of ▁that ▁Order . ▁Sm eth urst ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁No ël ▁Pe ac ock ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Chair , ▁holding ▁it ▁until ▁his ▁own ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Prof ess ors ▁ 1 9 1 9 : ▁Charles ▁Martin ▁MA ▁D The ol ▁ 1 9 3 7 : ▁Alan ▁Bo ase ▁MA ▁Ph D ▁ 1 9 6 6 : ▁Austin ▁Gill ▁C BE ▁MA ▁Le - ès - L |
▁ 1 9 7 1 : ▁Henry ▁Bar n well ▁MA ▁D - de - l ' U ▁ 1 9 8 0 : ▁Col in ▁Sm eth urst ▁MA ▁B L itt ▁Offic ier ▁dans ▁l ' Ord re ▁des ▁Pal mes ▁ac adém iques ▁ 1 9 9 8 : ▁No ël ▁Pe ac ock ▁B A ▁MA ▁Che val ier ▁dans ▁l ' Ord re ▁des ▁Pal mes ▁ac adém iques , ▁Che val ier ▁dans ▁l ' Ord re ▁des ▁Arts ▁et ▁des ▁Let tres ▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁Michael ▁Sy rot in ski ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Professor ships ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Who , ▁What ▁and ▁Where : ▁The ▁History ▁and ▁Constitution ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow . ▁ ▁Comp iled ▁by ▁Michael ▁M oss , ▁Mo ira ▁Rank in ▁and ▁Les ley ▁Richmond ) ▁ ▁Category : Pro f essor ships ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁Category : Pro f essor ships ▁in ▁literature ▁French ▁Category : 1 9 1 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Scotland <0x0A> </s> ▁K ak um ia ▁ide o ides ▁is ▁a ▁but ter fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ly ca en idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Gab on , ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo , ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo ▁( U ele , ▁T sh opo , ▁Sank uru ▁and ▁L ual aba ), ▁U g anda ▁and ▁western ▁T anz ania . ▁The ▁habitat ▁consists ▁of ▁for ests ▁at ▁alt itudes |
▁between ▁ 9 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 , 4 0 0 ▁metres . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Die ▁G ross - Sch met ter ling e ▁der ▁Er de ▁ 1 3 : ▁Die ▁Af rik an ischen ▁Tag f alter . ▁Pl ate ▁XIII ▁ 6 5 ▁b ▁ ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁Category : P or iti inae ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁of ▁Africa ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Hermann ▁D ew itz <0x0A> </s> ▁Ne ville ▁William ▁Shaw ▁( born ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Australian ▁rules ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁Col ling wood ▁in ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Football ▁League ▁( V FL ). ▁ ▁Shaw , ▁a ▁Ke on ▁Park ▁Stars ▁rec ruit , ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁of ▁three ▁brothers ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁Col ling wood . ▁Ray ▁Shaw , ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁older , ▁had ▁finished ▁his ▁Col ling wood ▁career ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁Ne ville ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁club ▁but ▁he ▁did ▁get ▁to ▁play ▁with ▁his ▁other ▁brother ▁Tony . ▁ ▁Not ▁picked ▁for ▁the ▁opening ▁two ▁r ounds ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁season , ▁Shaw ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁against ▁Ess end on ▁at ▁Wind y ▁Hill ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁fi xture ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁with ▁his ▁only ▁st int ▁on ▁the ▁s idel ines ▁being ▁because ▁of ▁a ▁two - week ▁susp ension |
, ▁for ▁striking ▁Haw th orn ' s ▁Russell ▁Sh ield s . ▁His ▁ 2 0 ▁appearances ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁included ▁three ▁final s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁he ▁missed ▁two ▁weeks ▁after ▁being ▁injured ▁in ▁a ▁car ▁accident ▁and ▁another ▁five ▁when ▁he ▁dis located ▁his ▁shoulder , ▁but ▁Shaw ▁still ▁managed ▁to ▁put ▁together ▁ 1 5 ▁games . ▁ ▁Shaw ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁eight ▁r ounds ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁season , ▁then ▁t ore ▁a ▁cru ci ate ▁lig ament ▁in ▁his ▁right ▁kne e , ▁which ▁ruled ▁him ▁out ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁He ▁wouldn ' t ▁play ▁again ▁for ▁Col ling wood . ▁ ▁He ▁finished ▁the ▁de cade ▁at ▁West ▁Ad ela ide , ▁where ▁he ▁won ▁back ▁to ▁back ▁club ▁Best ▁and ▁Fair est ▁awards ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Shaw ▁co ached ▁Lav ington ▁in ▁the ▁O vens ▁& ▁Murray ▁Football ▁League , ▁winning ▁a ▁Best ▁and ▁Fair est ▁in ▁each ▁those ▁years . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) ▁Category : Col ling wood ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : West ▁Ad ela ide ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : L av ington ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : L iving |
▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall ▁is ▁a ▁her itage - list ed ▁former ▁town ▁hall ▁at ▁ 1 3 6 ▁Wal sh ▁Street , ▁Mare eb a , ▁Sh ire ▁of ▁Mare eb a , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia . ▁It ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁O rib in ▁and ▁built ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁by ▁Ernest ▁William ▁Le pin ath . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Form er ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall . ▁It ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Heritage ▁Register ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁former ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall ▁in ▁Wal sh ▁Street ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 6 1 ▁for ▁the ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Council . ▁It ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁C air ns ▁based ▁architect ▁Ed win ▁Henry ▁( E dd ie ) ▁O rib in ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁his ▁first ▁major ▁solo ▁project . ▁It ▁was ▁constructed ▁by ▁local ▁builder ▁Ernest ▁Le pin ath , ▁with ▁engineering ▁details ▁provided ▁by ▁R ▁Mc Le an . ▁The ▁hall ' s ▁structure ▁is ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁tim ber ▁fr aming , ▁concrete ▁and ▁brick , ▁and ▁features ▁a ▁striking ▁semi - circ ular ▁roof ▁of ▁l amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es , ▁an ▁early ▁use ▁of ▁this ▁struct ural ▁system ▁in ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁The ▁A ther ton ▁Table land |
, ▁west ▁of ▁C air ns ▁in ▁Far ▁North ▁Queensland , ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁squ atter ▁John ▁A ther ton , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁person ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁cattle ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 7 0 s . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁the ▁A ther ton ▁family ▁established ▁a ▁way side ▁inn ▁and ▁store ▁at ▁the ▁crossing ▁of ▁Gran ite ▁Creek , ▁supp lying ▁goods ▁to ▁traffic ▁passing ▁between ▁Port ▁Douglas ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁tin ▁min ing ▁town ship ▁of ▁Her ber ton ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁A ▁settlement ▁grew ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁side ▁of ▁Gran ite ▁Creek ▁and ▁a ▁town , ▁named ▁Mare eb a , ▁was ▁survey ed ▁by ▁E B ▁Rank in ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁rail head ▁when ▁the ▁Table land ▁railway ▁from ▁C air ns ▁to ▁Kur anda ▁was ▁extended , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁Mare eb a ▁was ▁the ▁district ' s ▁most ▁important ▁town . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁Mare eb a ▁became ▁the ▁administrative ▁centre ▁for ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁W ooth ak ata ▁Sh ire , ▁and ▁a ▁Sh ire ▁Council ▁Ch amb ers ▁building ▁was ▁constructed ▁on ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Rank in ▁and ▁Wal sh ▁streets ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 . ▁The ▁sh ire ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁Mare eb a ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁O wing ▁its |
▁prosper ity ▁to ▁a ▁diverse ▁agricult ural ▁economy , ▁post - World ▁War ▁II ▁Mare eb a ▁grew ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁largest ▁to b acco - g row ing ▁centre ▁in ▁Australia , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁the ▁town ' s ▁population ▁reached ▁ 3 3 6 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁former ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall ▁was ▁constructed ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁council - owned ▁Mare eb a ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁( 1 9 0 7 ) ▁which ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁fire ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁The ▁loss ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁hall ▁in ▁Mare eb a ▁was ▁keen ly ▁felt ▁by ▁the ▁community ; ▁however ▁disag re ements ▁between ▁local ▁coun c ill ors ▁about ▁the ▁possible ▁re location ▁of ▁the ▁hall ▁to ▁another ▁site , ▁and ▁the ▁bur den ▁of ▁reconst ruction ▁costs ▁to ▁rate pay ers , ▁delayed ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁re build . ▁During ▁this ▁process , ▁C air ns ▁architect s ▁Bar nes ▁and ▁O rib in , ▁who ▁were ▁design ing ▁a ▁hall ▁in ▁Rav ens ho e ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁were ▁consult ed ▁about ▁cost ▁estimates . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁Sh ire ▁Hall ▁would ▁be ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁existing ▁Wal sh ▁Street ▁site ▁at ▁an ▁estimated ▁cost ▁of ▁. ▁Pl ans ▁prepared ▁by ▁Bar nes ▁and ▁O rib in ▁were ▁accepted , ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁design ▁incorpor ating ▁all ▁the ▁functions ▁of |
▁the ▁previous ▁School ▁of ▁Arts . ▁The ▁proposed ▁building ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁" an ▁ig lo o ▁building , ▁with ▁brick ▁front ▁and ▁tim ber ▁structure ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁hall ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁larger ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁Inn isf ail ' s ▁famous ▁civ ic ▁headquarters ". ▁To ▁accommod ate ▁the ▁width ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁hall ▁and ▁provide ▁sufficient ▁access ▁to ▁side ▁and ▁rear ▁ent ran ces , ▁the ▁Council ▁purchased ▁additional ▁land ▁along ▁the ▁northern ▁boundary ▁of ▁the ▁site ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁ ▁Ed win ▁Henry ▁( E dd ie ) ▁O rib in ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁C air ns ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁As ▁a ▁te en ager ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁he ▁spent ▁time ▁in ▁Br is b ane ▁working ▁with ▁the ▁All ison ▁A ircraft ▁Division ▁of ▁General ▁Mot ors ▁re building ▁aircraft ▁engines . ▁Return ing ▁to ▁C air ns ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁O rib in ▁comm enced ▁architect ural ▁training ▁with ▁Sid ▁G ▁Bar nes , ▁Chief ▁Arch itect ▁of ▁the ▁Al lied ▁Works ▁Council ▁for ▁North ▁Queensland , ▁whose ▁training ▁gave ▁O rib in ▁a ▁solid ▁ground ing ▁in ▁struct ural ▁design ▁and ▁construction . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁O rib in ▁moved ▁to ▁Br is b ane ▁to ▁work ▁and ▁study , ▁and ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁he ▁obtained ▁his ▁registration ▁as ▁an ▁architect ▁in ▁Queensland , ▁returning ▁to |
▁C air ns ▁the ▁following ▁month ▁to ▁begin ▁a ▁partners hip ▁with ▁Bar nes . ▁This ▁partners hip ▁last ed ▁until ▁Bar nes ' ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁after ▁which ▁O rib in ▁continued ▁pract icing ▁on ▁his ▁own . ▁ ▁O rib in ▁under to ok ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁work ▁in ▁North ▁Queensland ▁between ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁Through out ▁his ▁career , ▁he ▁was ▁devoted ▁to ▁experiment ing ▁with ▁different ▁struct ural ▁and ▁a est h etic ▁ideas , ▁drawing ▁insp iration ▁from ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁Australian ▁and ▁international ▁publications . ▁Character istics ▁of ▁O rib in ' s ▁work ▁included ▁met icul ous ▁detail ing , ▁struct ural ▁cre ativity ▁and ▁concern ▁for ▁the ▁mod ulation ▁of ▁light . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁model - making ▁skills ▁and ▁super b ▁craft sm ans hip , ▁often ▁creating ▁objects ▁himself . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁Bar nes , ▁and ▁later ▁Bar nes ▁and ▁O rib in , ▁were ▁well ▁known ▁architect s ▁in ▁C air ns ▁and ▁the ▁A ther ton ▁Table lands , ▁receiving ▁numerous ▁comm issions ▁for ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁small - ▁and ▁medium - scale ▁projects , ▁such ▁as ▁fire ▁stations , ▁sh ops ▁and ▁hospital ▁facilities . ▁Prior ▁to ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall , ▁Bar nes ▁and ▁O rib in ▁had ▁designed ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁other ▁h alls ▁in ▁the ▁region |
: ▁the ▁R SL ▁Memorial ▁Hall ▁at ▁Bab inda ▁( comple ted ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁destroyed ▁by ▁Cy clone ▁Larry ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁re built ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁and ▁Rav ens ho e ▁Div is ional ▁Hall ▁( des igned ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁completed ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁Public ▁h alls ▁of ▁varying ▁design ▁and ▁dimension ▁are ▁land marks ▁of ▁Australia ' s ▁cities ▁and ▁sub ur bs , ▁sh ires ▁and ▁towns , ▁important ▁as ▁social ▁ven ues ▁and ▁foc al ▁points ▁for ▁their ▁communities . ▁In ▁the ▁mid ▁to ▁late ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁hall ▁designs ▁were ▁evol ving ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁traditional ▁concept ▁of ▁a ▁central ▁aud itor ium ▁with ▁council ▁ch amb ers ▁and ▁municipal ▁offices ▁attached , ▁towards ▁more ▁multi - pur pose ▁h alls ▁and ▁civ ic ▁cent res . ▁Many ▁new ▁h alls ▁constructed ▁throughout ▁Queensland ▁during ▁this ▁period ▁replaced ▁earlier ▁h alls ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁destroyed ▁or ▁become ▁in ade qu ate ▁for ▁communities ' ▁needs . ▁While ▁each ▁contained ▁a ▁different ▁combination ▁of ▁features ▁and ▁facilities , ▁such ▁as ▁clock ▁to wers , ▁libraries , ▁supp er ▁rooms , ▁public ▁to ile ts , ▁mem orial s , ▁sh ops ▁or ▁offices , ▁common ▁to ▁all ▁public ▁h alls ▁was ▁a ▁large ▁multi - pur pose ▁aud itor ium ▁with ▁stage ▁and ▁dress ing ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁the ▁Mare eb a ▁hall |
▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁The ▁l amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es ▁were ▁constructed ▁by ▁the ▁builder ▁E ▁Le pin ath ▁in ▁a ▁nearby ▁w are house ▁before ▁being ▁transport ed ▁to ▁the ▁site ▁and ▁ere cted . ▁These ▁arch es ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁span ▁the ▁ ▁wide ▁floor , ▁allowing ▁for ▁an ▁un ob struct ed ▁ce iling ▁height ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁L amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es , ▁constructed ▁by ▁over la pping ▁and ▁bol ting ▁together ▁small ▁pieces ▁of ▁tim ber ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁single , ▁large ▁member , ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁use ▁in ▁Australia ▁since ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 th ▁century . ▁Cost - effect ive ▁and ▁able ▁to ▁span ▁large ▁distances ▁without ▁intermediate ▁posts , ▁l amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es ▁also ▁became ▁an ▁alternative ▁system ▁for ▁roof ▁structures ▁of ▁large ▁buildings ▁such ▁as ▁mark ets , ▁fact ories ▁and , ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁large ▁aud itor iums ▁and ▁picture ▁the at res . ▁The ▁process ▁of ▁gl ue ▁l am ination , ▁using ▁case in ▁gl ue ▁to ▁bond ▁the ▁layers ▁of ▁tim ber ▁rather ▁than ▁bol ts , ▁origin ated ▁in ▁Germany ▁before ▁being ▁introduced ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁Several ▁publications ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁provided ▁the ▁necessary ▁data ▁for ▁construct ing ▁gl ued ▁l amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es , |
▁and ▁became ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁insp iration ▁for ▁Australian ▁design ers . ▁The ▁earliest ▁experiments ▁in ▁Australia ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁and ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁powerful ▁synth etic ▁res in ▁ad hes ives ▁in ▁the ▁post - World ▁War ▁II ▁period ▁increased ▁the ▁reli ability ▁and ▁range ▁of ▁applications ▁of ▁gl ue ▁l am ination . ▁The ▁former ▁Bur ge ▁B ros ▁Factory ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁( 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 4 6 ) ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁oldest ▁known ▁surv iving ▁example ▁of ▁this ▁technology ▁in ▁Australia , ▁with ▁semi - circ ular ▁arch es ▁sp anning ▁, ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁Sydney - based ▁company ▁Ralph ▁Sym onds ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁technology ▁being ▁available , ▁it ▁wasn ' t ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁when ▁cur ved ▁shapes ▁such ▁as ▁con oid s ▁and ▁hyper bol ic ▁par ab olas ▁became ▁fashion able , ▁that ▁gl ue ▁l amin ated ▁arch es ▁were ▁more ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁Australia , ▁particularly ▁for ▁church ▁structures . ▁Rec ogn ising ▁the ▁struct ural ▁and ▁a est h etic ▁potential ▁of ▁this ▁new ▁technology , ▁O rib in ▁specified ▁gl ue ▁l amin ated ▁tim ber ▁arch es ▁for ▁two ▁of ▁his ▁earliest ▁buildings , ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁Ang lic an ▁Memorial ▁Church ▁in ▁Pro ser pine ▁and ▁the ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Hall ; ▁both ▁were ▁designed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁and ▁completed ▁within ▁ |
5 ▁years , ▁making ▁them ▁an ▁early ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁technology ▁in ▁Queensland . ▁The ▁Pro ser pine ▁church ▁was ▁completed ▁first , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁with ▁engineering ▁details ▁for ▁both ▁buildings ▁provided ▁by ▁C air ns ▁engineer ▁R ▁Mc Le an . ▁ ▁The ▁" ig lo o ▁type ▁of ▁construction " ▁of ▁the ▁hall ' s ▁design , ▁made ▁possible ▁by ▁the ▁gl ue ▁l amin ated ▁arch es , ▁was ▁viewed ▁fav ou rab ly ▁by ▁the ▁local ▁coun c ill ors , ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁che aper ▁method ▁of ▁covering ▁large ▁areas ▁than ▁more ▁conventional ▁structures . ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ig lo os , ▁with ▁their ▁large ▁cur ved ▁tr uss es ▁made ▁from ▁small ▁pieces ▁of ▁tim ber , ▁were ▁a ▁familiar ▁building ▁type ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁and ▁to ▁O rib in , ▁who ▁had ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁All ison ▁Over ha ul ▁Assembly ▁Plant ▁ig lo os ▁at ▁Alb ion ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁The ▁hall ▁was ▁officially ▁opened ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁by ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Mare eb a ▁Sh ire ▁Council , ▁C ed ric ▁Lewis ▁Dav ies , ▁having ▁cost ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁main ▁aud itor ium ▁provided ▁se ating ▁accommod ation ▁for ▁ 8 0 0 ▁people ▁and ▁a ▁dance ▁floor ▁of ▁approximately ▁. ▁The ▁area ▁under ▁the ▁stage ▁and ▁dress ing ▁rooms ▁contained ▁a ▁kitchen ▁and ▁supp er ▁room . ▁The ▁main ▁entrance ▁fo |
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