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▁observed ▁the ▁t endency ▁in ▁D . fal c ata ▁for ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁ov ules ▁in ▁each ▁fol lic le ▁to ▁abort , ▁there after ▁developing ▁into ▁a ▁wing like ▁append age ▁to ▁the ▁seed ▁separator . ▁On ▁this ▁basis , ▁he ▁transferred ▁the ▁species ▁into ▁a ▁monot yp ic ▁genus , ▁which ▁he ▁named ▁Hem ic l idia , ▁from ▁the ▁Greek ▁hem i ▁(" half ") ▁and ▁perhaps ▁kle idos ▁(" bar rier ", ▁" me ans ▁of ▁closing "). ▁ ▁Hem ic l idia ▁was ▁retained ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 6 ▁arrangement ▁of ▁Carl ▁Me iss ner , ▁but ▁disc arded ▁by ▁George ▁Bent ham ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁revision ▁of ▁the ▁genus . ▁Bent ham ▁correctly ▁observed ▁that ▁the ▁abort ion ▁of ▁se eds ▁occurs ▁in ▁other ▁D ry andra ▁species , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁di agnost ically ▁un important ▁character : ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁George ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Alex ▁George ▁published ▁a ▁thorough ▁revision ▁of ▁D ry andra ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁of ▁his ▁mon ograph ▁on ▁that ▁genus ▁for ▁the ▁Flora ▁of ▁Australia ▁series . ▁He ▁seg reg ated ▁D . fal c ata ▁and ▁the ▁newly ▁published ▁D . g la uca ▁( now ▁B anks ia ▁gla uc ifolia ) ▁into ▁a ▁sub gen us ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁unusual ▁fol lic les , ▁which ▁are ▁small , ▁hair y ▁and ▁p li able . ▁Need ing ▁a ▁name ▁for ▁the ▁sub gen |
us , ▁George ▁noted ▁that ▁Hem ic l idia ▁was ▁available , ▁and ▁had ▁an ▁appropriate ▁type ▁species ▁in ▁D . fal c ata . ▁He ▁therefore ▁dem oted ▁Hem ic l idia ▁to ▁sub gen us ▁rank ▁as ▁D ry andra ▁sub g . ▁Hem ic l idia ▁( R . Br .) ▁A . S . Ge orge . ▁Its ▁pla cement ▁and ▁circ ums cription ▁in ▁George ' s ▁tax onom ic ▁arrangement ▁of ▁D ry andra ▁may ▁be ▁summar ised ▁as ▁follows : Gen us ▁D ry andra ▁( now ▁B anks ia ▁ser . ▁D ry andra ) ▁Sub gen us ▁D ry andra ▁( 2 4 ▁series , ▁ 9 1 ▁species , ▁ 3 9 ▁sub species , ▁ 2 3 ▁vari eties ) ▁Sub gen us ▁Hem ic l idia ▁D . fal c ata ▁( now ▁B anks ia ▁fal c ata ) ▁D . g la uca ▁( now ▁B anks ia ▁gla uc ifolia ) ▁Sub gen us ▁D ip lo ph ragma ▁( 1 ▁species ) ▁ ▁This ▁arrangement ▁remained ▁current ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁when ▁Austin ▁M ast ▁and ▁Kevin ▁Th iele ▁transferred ▁D ry andra ▁into ▁B anks ia . ▁They ▁were ▁not ▁yet ▁ready , ▁however , ▁to ▁tender ▁an ▁inf rag ener ic ▁arrangement ▁en comp ass ing ▁D ry andra , ▁so ▁as ▁an ▁inter im ▁measure ▁they ▁transferred ▁D ry andra ▁into ▁B anks ia ▁at ▁series ▁rank . |
▁This ▁minim ised ▁the ▁nom en cl atural ▁dis ruption ▁of ▁the ▁transfer , ▁but ▁also ▁caused ▁George ' s ▁rich ▁inf rag ener ic ▁arrangement ▁to ▁be ▁set ▁aside . ▁Thus ▁under ▁the ▁inter im ▁arrang ements ▁implemented ▁by ▁M ast ▁and ▁Th iele , ▁D . ▁sub g . ▁Hem ic l idia ▁has ▁been ▁set ▁aside . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : B anks ia ▁tax a ▁by ▁scientific ▁name ▁* ▁sub g . ▁Hem ic l idia ▁Category : H istor ically ▁recognized ▁ang ios perm ▁tax a ▁Category : Pl ant ▁sub gener a ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Robert ▁Brown <0x0A> </s> ▁Mar v inci ▁( Mac ed onian ▁and ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Val and ovo ▁municipality , ▁in ▁the ▁sout he astern ▁part ▁of ▁North ▁Mac ed onia . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Mar v inci ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁country , ▁some ▁ 8 km ▁from ▁the ▁nearest ▁town , ▁also ▁the ▁municipal ▁seat , ▁Val and ovo . ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁region ▁of ▁Bo jm ija , ▁in ▁the ▁valley ▁of ▁the ▁V ard ar , ▁near ▁ 7 0 ▁m ▁above ▁sea ▁level . ▁The ▁surr ound ings ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁is ▁plain ▁and ▁fert ile ▁agricult ural ▁area . ▁ ▁The ▁climate ▁is ▁hum id ▁contin ental , ▁with ▁notable ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁A ege an ▁( hot ▁sum mers ). ▁ ▁Population ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ |
2 0 0 2 ▁census , ▁the ▁village ▁had ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 5 0 4 ▁inhabitants , ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁a ▁majority ▁declared ▁as ▁Ser bs ▁( 5 6 % ), ▁the ▁rest ▁as ▁Mac ed oni ans ▁( 4 4 %). ▁The ▁pre domin ant ▁religion ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁is ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox y . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁North ▁Mac ed onia ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Val and ovo ▁Municip ality ▁Category : Ser b ▁communities ▁in ▁North ▁Mac ed onia <0x0A> </s> ▁Santa ▁Maria ▁dei ▁D omen ican i ▁is ▁a ▁small , ▁ 1 5 th - century , ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church , ▁located ▁inside ▁the ▁S cal iger ▁walls ▁near ▁Pia zza ▁dell ’ Ant en na ▁in ▁So ave , ▁province ▁of ▁Ver ona , ▁region ▁of ▁Ven eto , ▁Italy . ▁ ▁History ▁By ▁ 1 4 4 3 , ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁the ▁nearby ▁convent ▁were ▁commission ed ▁and ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Domin ican ▁fri ars . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁a ▁supp ression ▁of ▁m end ic ant ▁orders ▁closed ▁this ▁convent . ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁So ave ▁requested ▁permission ▁from ▁Ven et ian ▁authorities ▁to ▁take ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁site , ▁p led ging ▁also ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁every ▁year ▁one ▁hundred ▁and ▁two ▁masses . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁the ▁convent ▁was ▁sold ▁by ▁the ▁City ▁and ▁later ▁destroyed . ▁The ▁church |
▁became ▁a ▁public ▁or atory , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁maintained ▁by ▁the ▁local ▁parish , ▁who ▁held ▁the ▁c ate ch ism ▁and ▁masses ▁for ▁young ▁people . ▁The ▁structure ▁fell ▁into ▁dis rep air . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁Ban ca ▁Pop olare ▁of ▁Ver ona ▁fin anced ▁and ▁the ▁comune ▁approved ▁a ▁rest oration . ▁ ▁Arch itect ural ▁profile ▁The ▁ 1 5 th - century ▁building ▁has ▁a ▁simple ▁and ▁so ber ▁layout . ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁during ▁an ▁era ▁of ▁transition ▁between ▁Goth ic ▁and ▁the ▁Renaissance ▁styles . ▁The ▁sh ades ▁of ▁different ▁colors , ▁green , ▁och er ▁and ▁white , ▁alternate ▁and ▁create ▁a ▁particular ▁architect ural ▁harm ony . ▁The ▁single ▁nave , ▁is ▁ill umin ated ▁with ▁tall ▁g oth ic ▁windows . ▁The ▁alt ar , ▁made ▁in ▁mar ble , ▁fl ank ed ▁by ▁two ▁little ▁bar o que ▁doors . ▁Three ▁other ▁alt ars ▁are ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁chap els ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁wall ▁of ▁the ▁church . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 5 th - century ▁chap els ▁have ▁arch es ▁in ▁t uf a , ▁fin ely ▁sculpt ured ▁pil aster s , ▁fres co es ▁and ▁colored ▁mar bles . ▁The ▁first ▁chap el ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁St ▁Lucy ▁and ▁Ap oll onia , ▁as ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁w ides p read ▁local ▁dev otion . ▁The ▁second ▁chap el ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁B less ed ▁Virgin ▁of ▁the ▁Ros ary . |
▁The ▁last ▁was ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁cru c ified ▁Christ . ▁The ▁third ▁chap el ▁must ▁have ▁been ▁owned ▁by ▁two ▁ill ust ri ous ▁families , ▁probably ▁from ▁Ill asi . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁buildings ▁Category : Ch urch es ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Ver ona ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁churches ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁P UC SD T ▁is ▁an ▁ac ron ym ▁for ▁Pr inc eton ▁University ▁Compet itive ▁Sw imming ▁and ▁D iving ▁Team . ▁P UC SD T ▁includes ▁both ▁the ▁Pr inc eton ▁University ▁V ars ity ▁Men ' s ▁and ▁Women ' s ▁Sw imming ▁and ▁D iving ▁teams . ▁ ▁The ▁men ▁are ▁co ached ▁by ▁C . ▁Rob ▁Or r ▁and ▁have ▁won ▁the ▁I vy ▁League ▁Sw imming ▁and ▁D iving ▁champion ships ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Their ▁home ▁pool ▁is ▁Pr inc eton ' s ▁Den un z io ▁Pool . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁college ▁sw imming ▁and ▁div ing ▁teams ▁ ▁References <0x0A> </s> ▁L ank ar ▁of ▁Call isto ▁is ▁a ▁science ▁fant asy ▁ ▁novel ▁by ▁American ▁writer ▁Lin ▁Carter , ▁the ▁sixth ▁in ▁his ▁Call isto ▁series . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁paper back ▁by ▁D ell ▁Books ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁noted |
▁for ▁the ▁author ▁writing ▁himself ▁into ▁the ▁story . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁Through out ▁the ▁series , ▁author ▁Lin ▁Carter ▁has ▁port rayed ▁himself ▁as ▁the ▁recip ient ▁and ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁manuscript s ▁of ▁protagon ist ▁Jonathan ▁Dark ▁( J and ar ), ▁tele port ed ▁from ▁the ▁J ov ian ▁moon ▁Call isto ▁( mo on ) ▁( or ▁Th an ator , ▁as ▁its ▁inhabitants ▁call ▁it ) ▁to ▁the ▁ru ined ▁Camb od ian ▁city ▁of ▁Ar ang kh ô r . ▁In ▁this ▁volume ▁he ▁finally ▁travel s ▁to ▁Camb odia , ▁hoping ▁to ▁learn ▁what ▁became ▁of ▁J and ar ▁after ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁volume ▁of ▁his ▁mem oir s , ▁Mind ▁W iz ards ▁of ▁Call isto . ▁Once ▁in ▁Ar ang kh ô r ▁Carter ▁accident ally ▁falls ▁into ▁the ▁well - like ▁tele port ation ▁device ▁himself , ▁and ▁is ▁d uly ▁transport ed ▁to ▁the ▁j ung le ▁moon ▁as ▁J and ar ▁had ▁been . ▁A ▁literal ▁b abe ▁in ▁the ▁woods , ▁he ▁is ▁hardly ▁cut ▁out ▁to ▁become ▁an ▁inter plan et ary ▁hero ; ▁indeed , ▁he ▁sp ends ▁much ▁of ▁his ▁so j ourn ▁on ▁Th an ator ▁moon ing ▁like ▁a ▁tour ist ▁over ▁its ▁extraordinary ▁s ights , ▁li ken ing ▁them ▁to ▁w onders ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁has ▁read ▁or ▁seen ▁port rayed ▁in ▁various ▁works ▁of ▁fant astic ▁literature ▁and ▁art . ▁ ▁Carter ▁is ▁soon ▁taken ▁in ▁hand ▁by ▁an ▁o |
th ode , ▁a ▁forest ▁creature ▁with ▁the ▁person ality ▁of ▁a ▁faithful ▁dog , ▁which ▁becomes ▁his ▁companion ▁and ▁prote ctor ▁against ▁the ▁local ▁per ils . ▁It ▁def ends ▁him ▁against ▁a ▁V ast odon ▁and ▁later ▁saves ▁him ▁from ▁an ▁immense ▁sp ider web . ▁Carter ▁acqu ires ▁another ▁companion ▁in ▁the ▁native ▁boy ▁Tar in , ▁who ▁had ▁also ▁been ▁tra pped ▁in ▁the ▁web , ▁and ▁an ▁abbre vi ated ▁native - style ▁name , ▁" L ank ar ," ▁which ▁Tar in ▁finds ▁easier ▁to ▁pron ounce . ▁They ▁subsequently ▁encounter ▁war riors ▁from ▁Sh ond ak ar , ▁the ▁kingdom ▁of ▁ ▁J and ar ' s ▁love ▁interest ▁Princess ▁Dar lo ona , ▁and ▁join ▁the ▁expedition ▁against ▁the ▁hidden ▁city ▁of ▁K uur , ▁la ir ▁of ▁the ▁evil ▁Mind ▁W iz ards ▁who ▁hold ▁the ▁hero ▁capt ive . ▁Carter ' s ▁o th ode ▁even ▁man ages ▁to ▁un cover ▁the ▁secret ▁entry ▁to ▁the ▁city , ▁but ▁Carter ▁himself ▁is ▁caught ▁and ▁imprison ed ▁with ▁J and ar . ▁ ▁All ▁comes ▁out ▁well , ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁res cu ed ▁by ▁Tar in ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁clim atic ▁battle ▁the ▁Mind ▁W iz ards ▁are ▁almost ▁all ▁killed . ▁( One ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁to ▁have ▁escaped , ▁to ▁permit ▁sequ el ▁possibilities .) ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁story ▁Carter ▁man ages ▁to ▁catch ▁the ▁return ▁beam ▁to ▁Earth , ▁content ▁to ▁res ume ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁red actor |
, ▁rather ▁than ▁particip ant , ▁in ▁J and ar ' s ▁advent ures . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Den ▁Val d ron , ▁assess ing ▁the ▁series ▁in ▁ER B z ine , ▁calls ▁the ▁book ▁" an ▁odd ▁novel , ▁more ▁travel og ue ▁than ▁advent ure , ▁and ▁Carter ' s ▁constant ▁references ▁to ▁other ▁works ▁of ▁fiction ▁are ▁a ▁bit ▁anno ying ▁... ▁[ and ▁suggest ] ▁a ▁pain ful ▁lack ▁of ▁imagination ." ▁He ▁finds ▁the ▁plot ▁and ▁action ▁thin , ▁and ▁the ▁author ▁an ▁in ade qu ate ▁action ▁hero , ▁nothing ▁that ▁" the ▁' dog ' ▁that ▁adopt s ▁him ▁does ▁pract ically ▁all ▁the ▁work ." ▁His ▁ult imate ▁judgment ▁is ▁that ▁" L ank ar ▁of ▁Call isto ▁is ▁fran k ly ▁embar rass ing ▁to ▁read , ▁what ▁with ▁its ▁end less ▁references ▁to ▁others ' ▁works , ▁the ▁obvious ▁self ▁conscious ness ▁and ▁' t ween ess ' ▁of ▁the ▁author , ▁and ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁just ▁about ▁everything ▁interesting ▁happens ▁off stage ▁and ▁to ▁other ▁people . ▁ ▁It ' s ▁an ▁interesting ▁conce it , ▁but ▁sad ly ▁it ▁fails ." ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Fant astic ▁F iction ▁entry ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁science ▁fiction ▁nov els ▁Category : Call isto ▁( mo on ) ▁in ▁fiction ▁Category : Nov els ▁by ▁Lin ▁Carter <0x0A> </s> |
▁Sw ink ▁is ▁a ▁Stat ut ory ▁Town ▁in ▁O tero ▁County , ▁Colorado , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 6 1 7 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁ ▁A ▁post ▁office ▁called ▁Sw ink ▁has ▁been ▁in ▁operation ▁since ▁ 1 9 0 6 . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁George ▁W . ▁Sw ink , ▁a ▁Colorado ▁politician . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 6 9 6 ▁people , ▁ 2 7 8 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 2 , 5 8 4 . 6 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 9 9 5 . 3 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 2 9 1 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 1 , 0 8 0 . 6 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 4 1 6 . 1 / km ²). ▁ ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁ 8 8 . 7 9 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 4 3 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 1 . 0 1 % ▁Native ▁American , ▁ 0 . 8 6 % ▁Asian , ▁ 7 . 1 8 % ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 1 . 7 2 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 2 0 . 5 |
5 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 2 7 8 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 4 . 5 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 6 0 . 1 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 8 . 3 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 2 8 . 1 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 2 5 . 9 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 5 . 8 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 4 8 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 9 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁town , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 6 . 7 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 6 . 3 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 6 . 4 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 2 4 . 9 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 5 . 7 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 3 9 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 9 8 . 9 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every |
▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 9 6 . 2 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁$ 3 6 , 0 9 4 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 6 , 6 6 7 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 6 , 8 0 6 ▁versus ▁$ 2 5 , 6 9 4 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁$ 1 9 , 3 5 3 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 8 . 4 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 1 0 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 9 . 6 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 3 . 3 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁Sw ink ▁has ▁been ▁incorpor ated ▁in ▁Colorado ' s ▁B ust ang ▁network . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁L amar - P ue blo - Color ado ▁Spr ings ▁line . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Out line ▁of ▁Colorado ▁Index ▁of ▁Colorado - related ▁articles ▁State ▁of ▁Colorado ▁Colorado ▁cities ▁and ▁towns ▁Colorado ▁municipal ities ▁Colorado ▁count ies ▁O tero ▁County , ▁Colorado ▁Ark ansas ▁River ▁George ▁W . ▁Sw ink ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Town ▁of ▁Sw ink ▁contacts ▁CD OT ▁map ▁of ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Sw ink ▁ ▁Category : T own |
s ▁in ▁O tero ▁County , ▁Colorado ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁a ▁small ▁steam bo at ▁driven ▁by ▁tw in ▁prop ellers ▁that ▁operated ▁on ▁upper ▁K lam ath ▁Lake ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁was , ▁reported ly , ▁the ▁only ▁craft ▁ever ▁to ▁navigate ▁the ▁Wood ▁River , ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁upper ▁K lam ath ▁Lake . ▁ ▁For ▁a ▁few ▁years , ▁until ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁rail ▁line , ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁link ▁in ▁transport ation ▁system ▁linking ▁Fort ▁K lam ath ▁to ▁K lam ath ▁F alls . ▁ ▁Route ▁and ▁ownership ▁Maz ama ▁ran ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁route ▁from ▁K lam ath ▁F alls ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Fort ▁K lam ath , ▁Oregon , ▁which ▁required ▁a ▁run ▁up ▁the ▁Wood ▁River , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁narrow ▁and ▁very ▁cro oked ▁stream . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁owned ▁by ▁Jas per ▁B . C . ▁" J ap " ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Mill ard ▁F ill more ▁" Cap " ▁Parker . ▁ ▁Their ▁business ▁was ▁to ▁ha ul ▁fre ight ▁to ▁Agency ▁Land ing ▁for ▁Fort ▁K lam ath . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁return , ▁the ▁vessel ▁usually ▁transport ed ▁hay ▁to ▁K lam ath ▁F alls . ▁ ▁In ▁March , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁articles ▁of ▁incorpor ation ▁were ▁file d ▁with ▁the ▁Oregon ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁the ▁Cr ater ▁Lake ▁Navigation ▁Company |
, ▁naming ▁Mill ard ▁Film ore ▁" M . F ." ▁Parker ▁( 1 8 5 6 - 1 9 3 0 ), ▁J . B . C . ▁Taylor , ▁and ▁Jenn ie ▁G ates ▁as ▁the ▁incorpor ators . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁capital ized ▁at ▁$ 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁reported ly ▁all ▁the ▁stock ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁sold . ▁ ▁J . B . C . ▁Taylor ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁general ▁manager . ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁stated ▁corpor ate ▁purpose ▁was ▁to ▁operate ▁steam ▁and ▁electric ▁boats , ▁carrying ▁passengers ▁and ▁fre ight , ▁on ▁upper ▁K lam ath ▁Lake ▁and ▁its ▁trib ut aries , ▁including ▁the ▁Wood ▁River . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁J . B . C . ▁" J ap " ▁Taylor ▁and ▁M . F . ▁" Cap " ▁Parker ▁began ▁building ▁Maz ama ▁near ▁H anks ▁Land ing ▁on ▁upper ▁K lam ath ▁Lake . ▁ ▁The ▁boat ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁ 5 0 ▁feet ▁long , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 2 - foot ▁beam ▁( width ), ▁power ed ▁by ▁two ▁ 1 2 ▁horse power ▁steam ▁engines ▁driving ▁tw in ▁prop ellers . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁February , ▁the ▁ke el ▁had ▁been ▁laid , ▁the ▁frames ▁assemble d , ▁and ▁l umber ▁was ▁ready ▁for ▁the ▁sides . ▁ ▁The ▁boat ▁was ▁anticip ated ▁to ▁be ▁placed ▁in ▁use ▁by ▁May ▁ 1 . |
▁ ▁Report edly ▁it ▁was ▁spe cially ▁built ▁for ▁operations ▁on ▁the ▁Wood ▁River ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁sharp ▁turns ▁around ▁the ▁river ' s ▁b ends , ▁which ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁done ▁by ▁larger ▁vessels , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Win ema . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁J . B . C . ▁Taylor ▁went ▁to ▁San ▁Francisco ▁to ▁purchase ▁mach in ery ▁for ▁the ▁ste amer ▁which ▁was ▁still ▁under ▁construction . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁mach in ery ▁for ▁$ 3 , 5 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁ste amer ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁however ▁the ▁mach in ery ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁arrived . ▁ ▁The ▁engines ▁arrived ▁later ▁that ▁month , ▁and ▁were ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁installed ▁into ▁Maz ama ▁in ▁the ▁week ▁starting ▁June ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁Oper ations ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁Maz ama ▁made ▁its ▁first ▁trip ▁up ▁the ▁Wood ▁River , ▁reaching ▁the ▁We ed ▁Bridge , ▁at ▁river ▁mile ▁ 5 . 9 . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁point ▁three ▁miles ▁away ▁from ▁Fort ▁K lam ath . ▁ ▁A ▁tele phone ▁report ▁from ▁the ▁K lam ath ▁Agency ▁had ▁been ▁received ▁stating ▁that ▁the ▁ste amer ▁could ▁be ▁seen ▁working ▁its ▁way ▁up ▁the ▁river . ▁ ▁Some ▁d red ging ▁work ▁had ▁been ▁done ▁at ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁river , ▁for ▁a ▁price ▁of ▁$ 1 0 |
0 , ▁by ▁a ▁Jas . ▁Whe eler , ▁which ▁permitted ▁ready ▁crossing ▁of ▁the ▁bar ▁by ▁boats . ▁ ▁The ▁contract ▁for ▁this ▁work ▁was ▁let ▁by ▁the ▁K lam ath ▁F alls ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce . ▁The ▁plan ▁was ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁landing ▁at ▁the ▁point ▁reached ▁by ▁Maz ama , ▁through ▁which ▁would ▁travel ▁all ▁traffic ▁between ▁K lam ath ▁F alls ▁and ▁Fort ▁K lam ath , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁tour ist ▁traffic ▁to ▁and ▁from ▁Cr ater ▁Lake . ▁ ▁By ▁mid - August ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁low ▁water ▁in ▁the ▁Wood ▁River ▁made ▁it ▁likely ▁that ▁Maz ama ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁susp end ▁its ▁run ▁to ▁Agency ▁Land ing . ▁ ▁Operation ▁of ▁the ▁Maz ama ▁in ▁the ▁river ▁stir red ▁up ▁the ▁sand ▁on ▁the ▁river ▁bottom , ▁which ▁was hed ▁down stream ▁and ▁formed ▁a ▁bar ▁at ▁the ▁river ▁mouth , ▁making ▁it ▁difficult ▁for ▁a ▁larger ▁vessel ▁to ▁pass . ▁ ▁The ▁bar ▁had ▁been ▁removed ▁several ▁times , ▁but ▁it ▁kept ▁building ▁up ▁again . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁water ▁low , ▁Captain ▁Parker ▁of ▁Maz ama ▁planned ▁to ▁use ▁a ▁launch ▁on ▁the ▁Wood ▁River ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁ste amer . ▁ ▁C aps ized ▁in ▁squ all ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁while ▁to wing ▁a ▁bar ge ▁around ▁E agle ▁Point , ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁struck ▁by ▁a ▁sudden ▁g ust ▁of ▁wind , ▁which ▁caps ized ▁the ▁boat |
. ▁ ▁General ▁weather ▁conditions ▁were ▁not ▁storm y ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁area ▁that ▁a ▁high ▁wind ▁had ▁blow n ▁over ▁the ▁larger ▁ste amer ▁Win ema ▁the ▁previous ▁year , ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁no ▁loss ▁of ▁life ▁among ▁the ▁five ▁or ▁six ▁men ▁who ▁were ▁on ▁board ▁Maz ama , ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁reach ▁safety ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁bar ge . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁fre ight ▁also ▁was ▁saved . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁lay ▁in ▁six ▁to ▁eight ▁feet ▁of ▁water . ▁ ▁M . F . ▁" Cap " ▁Parker ▁the ▁ ▁boat ' s ▁owner ▁proceeded ▁to ▁the ▁scene ▁immediately ▁to ▁make ▁efforts ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁boat . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁report ▁of ▁the ▁incident ▁stated ▁that ▁" l ittle ▁trouble ▁is ▁anticip ated ▁in ▁raising " ▁the ▁vessel . ▁ ▁S unk ▁at ▁mo oring ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁Maz ama ▁reached ▁the ▁landing ▁for ▁Fort ▁K lam ath , ▁on ▁the ▁Wood ▁River ▁with ▁a ▁bar ge ▁loaded ▁with ▁fre ight ▁in ▁to w . ▁ ▁The ▁boat ▁was ▁left ▁over night ▁anch ored ▁in ▁the ▁river , ▁while ▁the ▁crew ▁left ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁Christmas . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁Captain ▁Parker ▁found ▁the ▁boat ▁had ▁s unk ▁in ▁about ▁six ▁feet ▁of ▁water . ▁ ▁There ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁collision ▁between ▁the ▁bar ge ▁and ▁the ▁ste amer , ▁which ▁left |
▁a ▁hole ▁in ▁the ▁boat ' s ▁h ull , ▁causing ▁it ▁to ▁flo od . ▁ ▁Pl ans ▁were ▁made ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁Maz ama . ▁ ▁Re const ruction ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁over h au led ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁h ull ▁was ▁constructed ▁for ▁the ▁vessel . ▁ ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁boat ▁builder ▁I . R . ▁Mc Donald . ▁ ▁The ▁re built ▁boat ▁would ▁be ▁ 6 3 ▁feet ▁long , ▁with ▁a ▁beam ▁( width ) ▁of ▁ 1 3 ▁feet , ▁and ▁a ▁maximum ▁carrying ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁tons ▁of ▁cargo , ▁although ▁ 1 5 ▁tons ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁more ▁usual ▁load . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁the ▁new ▁h ull ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁be ▁" p ract ically ▁completed " ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁boat ' s ▁own ers , ▁Parker ▁and ▁Taylor ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁installing ▁the ▁mach in ery ▁from ▁the ▁old ▁boat ▁into ▁the ▁new ▁one . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁thought ▁that ▁the ▁old ▁h ull ▁would ▁be ▁converted ▁into ▁a ▁house bo at . ▁ ▁The ▁re built ▁boat ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁be ▁complete ▁within ▁the ▁next ▁week . ▁ ▁The ▁re built ▁ste amer ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁greater ▁cargo ▁capacity , ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁a ▁bar ge ▁would ▁no ▁longer ▁be ▁necessary . ▁ ▁The ▁vessel ' s ▁speed ▁was ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁about ▁ten |
▁miles ▁per ▁hour . ▁ ▁Pass enger ▁accommod ations ▁were ▁also ▁included , ▁and ▁the ▁vessel ▁was ▁reported ly ▁better ▁constructed ▁and ▁much ▁sa fer . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁ste amer ▁was ▁under going ▁reconst ruction , ▁fre ight ▁had ▁accum ulated ▁at ▁the ▁company ' s ▁dock ▁await ing ▁transport ▁to ▁various ▁points ▁around ▁the ▁lake . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁would ▁run ▁up ▁the ▁Wood ▁River ▁to ▁the ▁Wood ▁( or ▁We ed ) ▁Bridge , ▁which ▁was ▁about ▁ 4 ▁miles ▁from ▁Fort ▁K lam ath . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁a ▁good ▁road ▁had ▁been ▁built ▁between ▁the ▁ste amer ▁landing ▁and ▁Fort ▁K lam ath . ▁ ▁Str and ed ▁by ▁di version ▁of ▁river ▁water ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁Maz ama ▁became ▁str and ed ▁in ▁the ▁Wood ▁River , ▁when ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁poor ly ▁constructed ▁ir rig ation ▁canal , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁water ▁in ▁the ▁river ▁was ▁di vert ed ▁into ▁the ▁canal , ▁flo oding ▁the ▁surrounding ▁area , ▁and ▁leaving ▁ins u fficient ▁water ▁in ▁the ▁river ▁for ▁Maz ama ▁to ▁navigate . ▁ ▁The ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁water ▁was ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁inches , ▁and ▁the ▁ste amer ▁would ▁be ▁str and ed ▁until ▁the ▁bre ach ▁in ▁the ▁river ▁bank ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁di version ▁could ▁be ▁rep a ired . ▁ ▁Su fficient ▁depth ▁of ▁water ▁would ▁still ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁accum ulated ▁in ▁the ▁river ▁to ▁float ▁the ▁Maz |
ama , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁this ▁could ▁be ▁done ▁by ▁a ▁temporary ▁dam ▁of ▁sand b ags , ▁which ▁would ▁require ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁substantial ▁emb ank ment . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁anticip ated ▁to ▁be ▁expensive . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁caught ▁in ▁the ▁ice ▁on ▁Wood ▁River , ▁and ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁K lam ath ▁F alls . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁K lam ath ▁F alls ▁until ▁March ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁ ▁Dis position ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁became ▁the ▁sole ▁property ▁of ▁J . B . C . ▁Taylor ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁Maz ama , ▁although ▁larger ▁than ▁the ▁original , ▁still ▁used ▁the ▁same ▁engines , ▁and ▁was ▁therefore ▁slower , ▁and ▁reported ly ▁" ne ver ▁satisf actory ". ▁ ▁Maz ama ’ s ▁operations ▁were ▁terminated ▁when ▁the ▁Southern ▁Pacific ▁Rail road ▁reached ▁Ch ilo quin , ▁Oregon , ▁as ▁the ▁ste amer ▁could ▁not ▁comp ete ▁with ▁the ▁rates ▁charged ▁for ▁rail ▁transport . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁the ▁ste amer ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁advert ised ▁for ▁sale , ▁together ▁with ▁two ▁b arg es , ▁one ▁ 1 6 ▁by ▁ 6 0 ▁feet , ▁the ▁other ▁ 1 4 ▁by ▁ 4 0 ▁feet , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁price ▁of ▁$ 6 |
0 0 . ▁ ▁Maz ama ▁was ▁dis m ant led ▁at ▁some ▁time , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁h ulk ▁lay ▁in ▁the ▁t ule ▁re eds ▁for ▁years . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Print ed ▁sources ▁ ▁On - line ▁newspaper ▁collections ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Ste am bo ats ▁of ▁Oregon ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁Oregon ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁ships ▁Category : K lam ath ▁County , ▁Oregon <0x0A> </s> ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁is ▁a ▁City ▁of ▁Lak eland ▁Water ▁Util ity ▁and ▁Park .. , ▁located ▁south ▁of ▁Lak eland , ▁F L ▁near ▁Mul berry , ▁F L . ▁The ▁public ▁may ▁visit ▁by ▁using ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁public ▁ent ran ces , ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁Lo y ce ▁E . Har pe ▁Park ▁and ▁Lak eland ▁High lands ▁Sc r ub . ▁ ▁About ▁ ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 , 6 4 0 - acre ▁constructed ▁treatment ▁wet land ▁system ▁that ▁receives ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Lak eland , ▁F L ▁treated ▁waste water , ▁along ▁with ▁reuse ▁water ▁from ▁Lak eland ▁Electric ▁and ▁rec laimed ▁water ▁from ▁Pol k ▁County , ▁F L . ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁has ▁been ▁in ▁operation ▁as ▁a ▁Water ▁Util ity ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁opened ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁as ▁a ▁City ▁of ▁Lak eland ▁Park . The ▁property ▁contains ▁u pl ands , ▁mar sh es |
, ▁sw amps ▁and ▁la kes . ▁After ▁water ▁leaves ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands , ▁it ▁connect s ▁to ▁the ▁Northern ▁Pr ong ▁of ▁the ▁A la f ia ▁River , ▁which ▁connect s ▁to ▁T ampa ▁Bay . ▁The ▁T ampa ▁Electric ▁Company ▁benef icial ly ▁re uses ▁some ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁water ▁at ▁their ▁Pol k ▁Power ▁Station . ▁▁ ▁Two ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁cells ▁at ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁are ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public , ▁with ▁ 8 . 5 ▁miles ▁of ▁tra ils ▁open ▁for ▁h ik ing . ▁The ▁G opher ▁T ort o ise ▁trail ▁head , ▁accessible ▁through ▁Lo y ce ▁E . ▁Har pe ▁Park , ▁features ▁a ▁ 2 . 9 - mile ▁trail ▁loop , ▁and ▁the ▁Wood ▁St ork ▁trail ▁head , ▁accessible ▁through ▁Lak eland ▁High lands ▁Sc r ub , ▁has ▁a ▁ 2 . 4 - mile ▁trail ▁loop . ▁Popular ▁activities ▁at ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁include ▁h ik ing , ▁running , ▁bird ing , ▁and ▁nature ▁phot ography . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁was ▁once ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Bon ny ▁Lake ▁Mine , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁ph osph ate ▁min ing ▁operation ▁that ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁After ▁the ▁mine ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Lak eland ▁purchased ▁the ▁property ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁constructed ▁treatment ▁wet land ▁system ▁for |
▁final ▁pol ishing ▁of ▁its ▁waste water . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁received ▁a ▁state ▁grant ▁for ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁build ▁an ▁education ▁center ▁ ▁Park ▁rules ▁▁ ▁Pro per ly ▁dispose ▁of ▁all ▁garbage . ▁▁ ▁St ay ▁on ▁Mark ed ▁Tra ils . ▁ ▁M aint ain ▁a ▁safe ▁distance ▁from ▁all ▁wild life . ▁▁ ▁The ▁following ▁are ▁prohib ited : ▁alco hol ic ▁be ver ages ; ▁b icy cles ▁and ▁motor ized ▁vehicles ; ▁fires ▁of ▁any ▁kind ; ▁fish ing ▁and ▁sw imming ; ▁bo ating ▁and ▁camp ing ; ▁hunting ▁and ▁tra pping ; ▁horses ; ▁all ▁p ets . ▁ ▁Park ▁H ours ▁ ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁is ▁open ▁from ▁ 7 : 0 0 am ▁to ▁ 7 : 0 0 pm ▁daily . ▁ ▁W aste water ▁Tre at ment ▁▁ ▁When ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Lak eland ▁purchased ▁the ▁property ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁treatment ▁wet land , ▁up gr ades ▁were ▁made ▁which ▁included ▁changes ▁to ▁b erm ▁elev ations ▁and ▁s lop es , ▁the ▁installation ▁of ▁water ▁control ▁structures ▁and ▁pip es , ▁and ▁the ▁plant ing ▁of ▁wet land ▁and ▁u pl and ▁veget ation . ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁receives ▁approximately ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁gall ons ▁of ▁waste water ▁a ▁day . ▁The ▁waste water ▁is ▁then ▁g ently ▁fed ▁into ▁the ▁wet lands ▁via |
▁distribution ▁d itch es , ▁and ▁water ▁levels ▁in ▁the ▁wet land ▁are ▁maintained ▁by ▁control ▁structures . ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁also ▁receives ▁rec laimed ▁water ▁that ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁ir rig ation , ▁from ▁Pol k ▁County . ▁As ▁the ▁water ▁flows ▁through ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands , ▁nut ri ents ▁such ▁as ▁nit ro gen ▁and ▁ph osph orus ▁are ▁removed ▁by ▁the ▁plant ed ▁veget ation ▁and ▁micro bes ▁that ▁exist ▁in ▁the ▁environment . ▁The ▁slow ▁flow ▁of ▁the ▁water ▁allows ▁susp ended ▁sed iments ▁and ▁poll ut ants ▁to ▁sink ▁into ▁the ▁soil ▁at ▁the ▁bottom . ▁ ▁Hab itats ▁ ▁U pl ands ▁ ▁The ▁u pl and ▁areas ▁at ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁are ▁filled ▁with ▁p ines ▁( P inus ), ▁o aks ▁( Qu erc us ), ▁wild flow ers ▁and ▁grass es . ▁Here ▁you ▁will ▁find ▁g opher ▁tort o ises ▁( G opher us ▁poly ph em us ), ▁but ter f lies ▁( L ep id optera ), ▁and ▁numerous ▁species ▁of ▁song bird s . ▁ ▁Marsh ▁ ▁Marsh es ▁are ▁areas ▁in ▁Florida ▁where ▁the ▁soil ▁is ▁s atur ated ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁usually ▁to pped ▁with ▁water . ▁So ft - st em med ▁plants , ▁like ▁catt ails ▁( Ty pha ), ▁root ▁in ▁the ▁soil ▁and ▁emer ge ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁water . ▁Marsh es ▁are ▁high ▁in ▁nut ri ents ▁and ▁the |
▁neutral ▁p H ▁allows ▁for ▁an ▁abund ance ▁of ▁plant ▁and ▁animal ▁life . ▁ ▁L akes ▁ ▁Both ▁the ▁shall ow ▁and ▁deep ▁water ▁la kes ▁at ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁are ▁home ▁to ▁many ▁fish ▁and ▁bird ▁species . ▁The ▁lake ▁islands , ▁left ▁over ▁from ▁ph osph ate ▁min ing , ▁have ▁been ▁colon ized ▁with ▁plants ▁and ▁are ▁used ▁by ▁nest ing ▁birds , ▁such ▁as ▁Wood ▁St ork , ▁to ▁rear ▁their ▁young . ▁ ▁Wild life ▁ ▁A ▁variety ▁of ▁different ▁species ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁at ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands . ▁The ▁American ▁All ig ator , ▁Wood ▁St ork , ▁and ▁Bob cat ▁are ▁common . ▁For ▁an ▁on going ▁species ▁list , ▁visit ▁the ▁Se 7 en ▁W et lands ▁project ▁in ▁i N atural ist ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Pol k ▁County , ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁Louis ▁Henry ▁S aban ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁– ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁coach . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁Indiana ▁University ▁in ▁college ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁professional ▁for ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁of ▁the ▁All - America ▁Football ▁Conference ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁S aban ▁then ▁began ▁a ▁long ▁co aching ▁career . ▁After ▁numerous ▁jobs ▁at ▁the ▁college ▁level , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Boston |
▁Patri ots ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Football ▁League ▁( AF L ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁two ▁years ▁later , ▁and ▁led ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁consecutive ▁A FL ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁After ▁serving ▁briefly ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland , ▁he ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁for ▁five ▁years . ▁S aban ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁B ills — by ▁then ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁following ▁the ▁A FL – N FL ▁mer ger — from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁reaching ▁the ▁play offs ▁once ▁but ▁failing ▁to ▁bring ▁Buff alo ▁another ▁championship . ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁departure ▁from ▁Buff alo , ▁S aban ▁returned ▁to ▁college ▁co aching . ▁He ▁co ached ▁teams ▁including ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Miami , ▁Army , ▁University ▁of ▁Central ▁Florida ▁and ▁Peru ▁State ▁College . ▁He ▁also ▁co ached ▁at ▁the ▁high ▁school ▁level ▁and ▁for ▁two ▁Arena ▁Football ▁League ▁teams . ▁S aban ▁switched ▁jobs ▁frequently ▁and ▁developed ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁an ▁it iner ant . ▁At ▁Central ▁Florida , ▁he ▁was ▁nick named ▁Lou ▁" two ▁point ▁two " ▁S aban ▁because ▁he ▁typically ▁stayed ▁in ▁a ▁co aching ▁job ▁for ▁about ▁ 2 . 2 ▁years . ▁S aban ▁initially ▁dismiss ed ▁this ▁character ization |
, ▁but ▁came ▁to ▁accept ▁it ▁later ▁in ▁life . ▁He ▁held ▁ 2 1 ▁co aching ▁jobs ▁during ▁his ▁ 5 0 - year ▁career ▁( last ing ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 2 . 3 8 ▁years ▁for ▁each ▁job ), ▁which ▁ended ▁with ▁a ▁job ▁at ▁Ch owan ▁University ▁in ▁North ▁Carolina ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁S aban ' s ▁combined ▁record ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁in ▁the ▁A FL ▁and ▁NFL ▁was ▁ 9 5 – 9 9 – 7 . ▁His ▁college ▁football ▁record ▁was ▁ 9 4 – 9 9 – 4 . ▁S aban ▁suffered ▁from ▁heart ▁problems ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁fall ▁in ▁his ▁home ▁that ▁required ▁hospital ization ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁March ▁of ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁ ▁High ▁school ▁and ▁college ▁ ▁S aban ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁imm igr ants ▁from ▁Cro atia ▁and ▁grew ▁up ▁near ▁La ▁G range , ▁Illinois , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Chicago . ▁His ▁first ▁job , ▁at ▁age ▁nine , ▁was ▁as ▁a ▁c addy ▁for ▁Al ▁Cap one ' s ▁brother ▁Ralph ▁at ▁a ▁Chicago ▁golf ▁course . ▁He ▁attended ▁Ly ons ▁Township ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁joined ▁the ▁school ' s ▁football ▁team . ▁A ▁runner ▁and ▁passer , ▁he ▁led ▁his ▁high ▁school ' s ▁athlet ic ▁conference ▁in ▁scoring ▁as ▁a ▁senior ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁an ▁all - state ▁and ▁all - con ference ▁half back |
. ▁ ▁S aban ' s ▁high ▁school ▁coach ▁was ▁an ▁Indiana ▁University ▁al umn us ▁and ▁convinced ▁him ▁to ▁en roll ▁there . ▁S aban ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Indiana ▁Ho os iers ▁football ▁team ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁quarter back ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁his ▁s oph om ore ▁year . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁line back er ▁and ▁a ▁place k icker . ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁All - Big ▁Ten ▁second ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁quarter back ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁captain ▁of ▁Indiana ' s ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁team ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁its ▁most ▁valuable ▁player . ▁S aban ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁stand out ▁shot ▁put ter , ▁winning ▁a ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁competition ▁at ▁Illinois ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁with ▁a ▁throw ▁of ▁ 4 8 ▁feet ▁and ▁ 1 1 ▁ 1 / 2 ▁inches . ▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁S aban ▁joined ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁as ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁intens ified ▁following ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁College ▁All - Star ▁Game , ▁a ▁now - def unct ▁annual ▁contest ▁between ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁champion ▁and ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁college ▁players ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁country . |
▁S aban , ▁then ▁station ed ▁at ▁Fort ▁Ben ning ▁in ▁Georgia , ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁college ▁team ' s ▁second ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁after ▁quarter back ▁Gl enn ▁Dob bs ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Tul sa . ▁He ▁k icked ▁three ▁extra ▁points ▁and ▁played ▁on ▁the ▁def ensive ▁line ▁in ▁the ▁all - st ars ' ▁ 2 4 – 2 1 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Chicago ▁B ears . ▁S aban ▁played ▁for ▁Fort ▁Ben ning ' s ▁ 3 rd ▁Infantry ▁C ock ades , ▁a ▁military ▁team , ▁while ▁station ed ▁there . ▁He ▁also ▁studied ▁Chinese ▁for ▁five ▁months ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁China ▁and ▁India ▁as ▁an ▁Army ▁interpreter . ▁ ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁ ▁S aban ▁was ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁NFL ▁D raft ▁by ▁Card - P itt , ▁a ▁temporary ▁mer ger ▁between ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Card inals ▁and ▁Pitts burgh ▁Ste el ers ▁made ▁necessary ▁after ▁the ▁teams ▁were ▁g utt ed ▁by ▁players ' ▁military ▁service . ▁S aban , ▁however , ▁did ▁not ▁sign ▁with ▁Card - P itt , ▁and ▁instead ▁joined ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns , ▁a ▁team ▁under ▁formation ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁All - America ▁Football ▁Conference ▁( A AF C ) ▁and ▁co ached ▁by ▁Paul ▁Brown . ▁Brown ▁said ▁S aban ▁would ▁be ▁used ▁exclus ively ▁on ▁defense ▁as ▁a ▁line back er ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁k icker ▁of ▁extra |
▁points . ▁S aban ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁arrival s ▁at ▁the ▁Brow ns ' ▁training ▁camp ▁in ▁Bow ling ▁Green , ▁Ohio , ▁having ▁left ▁China ▁just ▁three ▁weeks ▁before . ▁ ▁Despite ▁Brown ' s ▁intent ions , ▁S aban ▁was ▁used ▁occasionally ▁on ▁the ▁Brow ns ' ▁off ense ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁He ▁caught ▁a ▁ 4 4 - yard ▁pass ▁from ▁quarter back ▁Otto ▁Graham ▁in ▁a ▁September ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B isons . ▁He ▁was ▁mainly ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁line back er , ▁however , ▁and ▁had ▁four ▁inter ception s ▁as ▁the ▁Brow ns ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁A AF C ▁championship . ▁In ▁the ▁off season , ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁Brow ns ▁owner ▁Mic key ▁Mc B ride ' s ▁Y ellow ▁Cab ▁Company ; ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁team m ates ▁spent ▁the ▁off season ▁either ▁at ▁college ▁making ▁up ▁for ▁time ▁lost ▁to ▁the ▁war ▁or ▁taking ▁jobs ▁to ▁supp lement ▁their ▁football ▁in comes . ▁ ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁Brow ns ' ▁captain ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁after ▁Jim ▁D ani ell , ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁captain , ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁a ▁sc uffle ▁with ▁Cleveland ▁police ▁and ▁was ▁k icked ▁off ▁the ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁he ▁filled ▁in ▁to ▁kick ▁extra ▁points ▁when ▁the ▁team ' s ▁regular ▁place k icker , ▁Lou ▁Gro za , ▁was ▁injured . ▁The ▁Brow ns ▁am ass |
ed ▁a ▁ 1 2 – 1 – 1 ▁regular - season ▁record ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁A AF C ▁championship ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁ ▁Never ▁having ▁finished ▁his ▁degree ▁at ▁Indiana , ▁S aban ▁en rolled ▁that ▁summer ▁at ▁Bald win ▁Wal lace ▁University ▁in ▁Bere a , ▁Ohio . ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁season , ▁in ▁which ▁Cleveland ▁won ▁all ▁of ▁its ▁games ▁and ▁a ▁third ▁championship , ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁two ▁news ▁out lets ' ▁all - A AF C ▁teams . ▁S aban ▁came ▁into ▁his ▁own ▁as ▁a ▁line back er ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁" S aban ▁has ▁been ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁in ▁football ▁at ▁his ▁position ▁for ▁two ▁years ", ▁Brown ▁said ▁in ▁November . ▁" If ▁anything , ▁he ' s ▁even ▁better ▁this ▁year . ▁He ▁has ▁improved ▁on ▁covering ▁pass ▁rece ivers ." ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁un anim ous ▁all - A AF C ▁selection ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁when ▁the ▁Brow ns ▁won ▁their ▁fourth ▁A AF C ▁championship ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁S aban ▁announced ▁his ▁ret irement ▁before ▁the ▁championship ▁game ▁and ▁said ▁in ▁December ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁seeking ▁the ▁head ▁co aching ▁job ▁at ▁the ▁Case ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁in ▁Cleveland ▁before ▁its ▁mer ger ▁with ▁the ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁University ▁forming ▁the ▁Case ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁University . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁ ▁College ▁ ▁S aban ▁beat |
▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁applic ants ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁head ▁co aching ▁job ▁at ▁Case ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁thanks ▁to ▁what ▁the ▁university ' s ▁president ▁called ▁his ▁" un us ually ▁sound ▁knowledge ▁of ▁football " ▁and ▁his ▁" le ad ership ▁qual ities ". ▁S aban ▁" poss esses ▁the ▁sort ▁of ▁person ality ▁and ▁character ▁that ▁is ▁of ▁great ▁value ▁in ▁work ▁with ▁young ▁men ", ▁the ▁president ▁said . ▁S aban ▁was ▁ 2 8 ▁years ▁old ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁and ▁the ▁appointment ▁made ▁him ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁young est ▁college ▁head ▁coach es ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁S aban ▁borrow ed ▁co aching ▁techniques ▁from ▁Brown , ▁alongside ▁his ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁T ▁formation ▁off ense . ▁ ▁S aban ' s ▁team ▁finished ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁season ▁with ▁four ▁wins ▁and ▁four ▁losses . ▁By ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁already ▁under ▁consideration ▁for ▁co aching ▁jobs ▁at ▁bigger ▁schools , ▁including ▁Indiana ▁University ▁and ▁To led o ▁University , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁mentioned ▁as ▁a ▁" dark ▁horse " ▁candidate ▁to ▁replace ▁former ▁Brow ns ▁team mate ▁Don ▁Green wood . ▁His ▁Case ▁teams ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 1 0 – 1 4 – 1 ▁record ▁during ▁his ▁ten ure ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁S aban ▁res igned ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁to ▁become ▁an ▁assistant ▁at ▁the ▁University |
▁of ▁Washington ▁under ▁head ▁coach ▁John ▁Cher berg . ▁He ▁spent ▁just ▁one ▁year ▁at ▁Washington ▁before ▁getting ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁at ▁North western ▁University , ▁saying ▁he ▁wanted ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Mid west . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁S aban ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁North western , ▁succeed ing ▁Bob ▁Vo ig ts ▁and ▁becoming ▁the ▁young est ▁coach ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁at ▁ 3 3 ▁years ▁old . ▁S aban ▁h ired ▁George ▁Stein br en ner ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁assistant ▁coach es . ▁S aban ' s ▁ten ure ▁as ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁North western ▁Wild c ats ▁football ▁team , ▁however , ▁was ▁brief ▁and ▁un success ful . ▁Ham per ed ▁by ▁inj uries , ▁the ▁team ▁lost ▁all ▁of ▁its ▁games ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁and ▁calls ▁intens ified ▁for ▁S aban ' s ▁firing ▁as ▁the ▁season ▁wore ▁on . ▁In ▁December , ▁S aban ▁and ▁his ▁entire ▁staff ▁were ▁fired ▁by ▁new ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁Stu ▁Hol comb . ▁Ara ▁Par seg h ian ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁his ▁replacement . ▁ ▁S aban ▁moved ▁on ▁to ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Western ▁Illinois ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁where ▁he ▁quickly ▁built ▁up ▁a ▁successful ▁team . ▁The ▁Western ▁Illinois ▁Le ather ne cks ▁finished ▁with ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁ 6 – 1 – 1 ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁followed ▁by |
▁an ▁und efe ated ▁ 9 – 0 ▁season ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁when ▁S aban ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁under ▁Otto ▁Graham ▁in ▁the ▁College ▁All - Star ▁Game . ▁Having ▁built ▁up ▁a ▁ 2 0 – 5 – 1 ▁record ▁over ▁three ▁seasons ▁as ▁coach , ▁S aban ▁drew ▁interest ▁from ▁the ▁professional ▁ranks , ▁and ▁the ▁Boston ▁Patri ots ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁American ▁Football ▁League ▁( AF L ) ▁h ired ▁him ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁before ▁the ▁circuit ' s ▁inaug ural ▁season ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Professional ▁ ▁Led ▁by ▁quarter back ▁But ch ▁Song in , ▁S aban ' s ▁Patri ots ▁posted ▁a ▁ 5 – 9 ▁record ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁season . ▁The ▁following ▁April , ▁S aban ▁brought ▁in ▁quarter back ▁B abe ▁Par illi , ▁who ▁formerly ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Brow ns ▁and ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers , ▁as ▁a ▁backup ▁in ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁biggest - ever ▁trade ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁Five ▁games ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁season , ▁however , ▁with ▁the ▁Patri ots ▁at ▁ 2 – 3 , ▁S aban ▁was ▁fired ▁and ▁replaced ▁by ▁assistant ▁Mike ▁Hol ov ak . ▁Patri ots ▁owner ▁Billy ▁S ull ivan ▁said ▁the ▁decision ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁a ▁majority ▁vote ▁of ▁the ▁team ' s ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors , ▁who ▁" just ▁simply ▁felt ▁all ▁the ▁talent ▁on ▁our ▁team ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁used ▁and ▁felt |
▁Mike ▁was ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁would ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁talent ▁we ▁had ▁to ▁the ▁extent ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁performing ." ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills , ▁another ▁A FL ▁team , ▁signing ▁a ▁one - year ▁contract ▁worth ▁$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁($ ▁in ▁ ▁dollars ). ▁The ▁B ills ▁had ▁a ▁ 7 – 6 – 1 ▁record ▁in ▁S aban ' s ▁first ▁season ▁and ▁came ▁in ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁eastern ▁division ▁behind ▁the ▁Houston ▁O ilers ▁and ▁the ▁Patri ots . ▁Cook ie ▁Gil ch rist , ▁a ▁running ▁back ▁who ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁B ills ▁after ▁nine ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Football ▁League , ▁won ▁most ▁valuable ▁player ▁hon ors ▁that ▁year ▁and ▁recorded ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁first ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 - yard ▁r ushing ▁season . ▁S aban ▁also ▁acquired ▁Jack ▁K emp , ▁a ▁quarter back , ▁from ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Ch arg ers , ▁who ▁had ▁put ▁him ▁out ▁on ▁wa ivers ▁while ▁he ▁recovered ▁from ▁a ▁finger ▁injury . ▁Sport sw riter ▁R andy ▁Sch ult z ▁called ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁biggest ▁b arg ains ▁in ▁professional ▁football ▁history . ▁ ▁The ▁B ills ▁posted ▁a ▁ 7 – 6 – 1 ▁record ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁but ▁this ▁time ▁it ▁was ▁enough ▁to ▁tie ▁with ▁the ▁Patri |
ots ▁for ▁the ▁best ▁record ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁division . ▁This ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁first - ever ▁play off ▁game ▁to ▁decide ▁which ▁of ▁the ▁teams ▁would ▁win ▁the ▁division ▁and ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁championship . ▁The ▁B ills ▁lost ▁the ▁game , ▁ 2 6 – 8 . ▁ ▁Hel ped ▁by ▁Gil ch rist ' s ▁running ▁and ▁quarter back ▁K emp ' s ▁passing , ▁the ▁B ills ▁finished ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁ ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 2 – 2 ▁record ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁A FL ▁championship . ▁The ▁team ▁won ▁despite ▁drama ▁involving ▁Gil ch rist , ▁who ▁came ▁into ▁conflict ▁with ▁S aban ▁frequently ▁and ▁asked ▁to ▁be ▁trad ed ▁on ▁numerous ▁occasions . ▁The ▁B ills ▁released ▁him ▁on ▁wa ivers ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁but ▁can ce led ▁the ▁move ▁when ▁Gil ch rist ▁apolog ized . ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁A FL ▁championship ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Ch arg ers , ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁league ' s ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁Gil ch rist ▁was ▁trad ed ▁to ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁but ▁the ▁B ills ▁continued ▁to ▁win , ▁ending ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 0 – 3 – 1 ▁record ▁and ▁winning ▁the ▁A FL ▁championship ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁year ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁A FL ▁championship ▁game ▁against |
▁the ▁Ch arg ers , ▁when ▁off ensive ▁lin emen ▁Billy ▁Shaw ▁and ▁Dave ▁Be hr man ▁were ▁injured , ▁S aban ▁inserted ▁veter an ▁Er nie ▁War lick ▁opposite ▁ro ok ie ▁Paul ▁Costa ▁in ▁a ▁double ▁tight ▁end ▁formation , ▁which ▁helped ▁the ▁B ills ▁win ▁the ▁game , ▁ 2 3 – 0 . ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row , ▁sil encing ▁critics ▁who ▁had ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁inde cis ive , ▁did ▁not ▁use ▁his ▁players ▁properly ▁and ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁good ▁play - call er . ▁ ▁S aban ▁unexpected ly ▁depart ed in ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland . ▁He ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁leaving ▁because ▁" there ▁can ▁be ▁little ▁left ▁to ▁conquer ▁in ▁professional ▁football ". ▁His ▁record ▁at ▁Buff alo ▁was ▁ 3 6 – 1 7 – 3 . ▁S aban , ▁however , ▁only ▁stayed ▁at ▁Maryland ▁for ▁one ▁season ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁team ▁posted ▁a ▁ 4 – 6 ▁record . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁professional ▁football ▁as ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁signing ▁a ▁ 1 0 - year ▁contract ▁with ▁an ▁annual ▁sal ary ▁of ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁($ ▁in ▁ ▁dollars ). ▁When ▁he ▁joined , ▁the ▁Bron cos ▁had ▁yet ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁winning ▁season ▁in ▁seven ▁years ▁of ▁existence . ▁He ▁replaced ▁Ray ▁Mal |
avas i , ▁an ▁assistant ▁who ▁took ▁over ▁after ▁S aban ' s ▁former ▁Brow ns ▁team mate , ▁Mac ▁Speed ie , ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁post ▁after ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁games ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁S aban ▁engine ered ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁tr ades ▁before ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁season . ▁He ▁brought ▁Gil ch rist ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁from ▁Miami ▁in ▁a ▁seven - player ▁deal ; ▁Den ver ▁had ▁sent ▁Gil ch rist ▁to ▁Miami ▁the ▁previous ▁season . ▁He ▁also ▁acquired ▁quarter back ▁Steve ▁T ens i ▁from ▁the ▁Ch arg ers ▁in ▁August ▁for ▁first - round ▁draft ▁pick s ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁Den ver ▁won ▁its ▁first ▁game , ▁but ▁proceeded ▁to ▁lose ▁nine ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁and ▁finish ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 1 ▁record . ▁The ▁team ▁improved ▁only ▁margin ally ▁in ▁the ▁en su ing ▁years , ▁posting ▁losing ▁records ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁The ▁A FL ▁and ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁completed ▁their ▁mer ger ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁but ▁the ▁Bron cos ▁continued ▁to ▁lose , ▁posting ▁a ▁ 5 – 8 – 1 ▁record . ▁S aban ▁res igned ▁after ▁the ▁Bron cos ▁got ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 – 6 – 1 ▁start ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁He ▁said ▁res ign ing ▁was ▁" my ▁responsibility ▁to ▁the ▁team " ▁and |
▁what ▁while ▁the ▁club ▁made ▁progress , ▁" my ▁only ▁regret ▁is ▁that ▁we ▁have ▁not ▁been ▁able ▁to ▁give ▁Den ver ▁a ▁championship ". ▁S aban ' s ▁record ▁as ▁Den ver ' s ▁coach ▁was ▁ 2 0 – 4 2 – 3 . ▁Although ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁successful ▁in ▁Den ver , ▁S aban ▁became ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁intensity ▁and ▁occas ional ▁temper ▁tant rum s . ▁A ▁much - watch ed ▁clip ▁of ▁him ▁bem o an ing ▁to ▁Den ver ▁line ▁coach ▁White y ▁D ov ell ▁that ▁" They ' re ▁kill in ' ▁me ▁out ▁there , ▁White y , ▁they ' re ▁kill in ' ▁me !" ▁introduced ▁S aban ▁to ▁a ▁wider ▁audience ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁a ired ▁by ▁NFL ▁Films . ▁ ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁B ills ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁When ▁he ▁arrived , ▁Buff alo ▁was ▁coming ▁off ▁a ▁ 1 – 1 3 ▁season , ▁although ▁the ▁team ▁had ▁players ▁including ▁running ▁back ▁O . J . ▁Sim pson , ▁who ▁had ▁run ▁for ▁ 7 4 2 ▁yards ▁and ▁five ▁touch down s ▁that ▁year . ▁While ▁the ▁B ills ▁had ▁a ▁ 4 – 9 – 1 ▁record , ▁Sim pson ▁led ▁the ▁NFL ▁in ▁r ushing ▁yards ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁Under ▁S aban , ▁Sim pson ▁continued ▁to ▁improve ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁setting ▁a ▁single |
- game ▁r ushing ▁record ▁with ▁ 2 5 0 ▁yards ▁in ▁the ▁season ▁op ener ▁against ▁the ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots . ▁He ▁sur pass ed ▁the ▁single - season ▁r ushing ▁record ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁yards . ▁Before ▁S aban ' s ▁arrival , ▁Sim pson ▁had ▁never ▁r ushed ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 7 4 2 ▁yards ▁in ▁a ▁season . ▁Sim pson ▁cred ited ▁S aban ▁with ▁helping ▁him ▁reach ▁his ▁potential . ▁" He ▁saved ▁my ▁career ", ▁Sim pson ▁said ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁NFL ' s ▁most ▁valuable ▁player . ▁" He ▁promised ▁me ▁he ' d ▁give ▁me ▁the ▁football ▁and ▁give ▁me ▁an ▁off ensive ▁line , ▁and ▁he ▁sure ▁kept ▁his ▁word ." ▁The ▁B ills ▁had ▁a ▁ 9 – 5 ▁record ▁that ▁year ▁but ▁came ▁in ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁A FC ▁East ▁and ▁missed ▁the ▁play offs . ▁ ▁Buff alo ▁finished ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁season ▁with ▁another ▁ 9 – 5 ▁record ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁play offs ▁as ▁the ▁A FC ' s ▁wild card ▁team . ▁The ▁B ills , ▁however , ▁lost ▁their ▁first ▁play off ▁game ▁against ▁the ▁Pitts burgh ▁Ste el ers ▁and ▁were ▁elimin ated . ▁S aban ▁said ▁after ▁the ▁game ▁that ▁the ▁Ste el ers ' ▁off ensive ▁dom ination ▁was ▁the ▁dec iding ▁factor . ▁" I ' m ▁not ▁sure |
▁how ▁they ▁did ▁what ▁they ▁did ▁against ▁us , ▁but ▁they ▁ble w ▁us ▁out ", ▁he ▁said . ▁Buff alo ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁an ▁ 8 – 6 ▁season ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁failing ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁play offs . ▁After ▁the ▁B ills ▁got ▁out ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 – 3 ▁start ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁S aban ▁res igned . ▁He ▁was ▁reported ly ▁angry ▁about ▁how ▁B ills ▁owner ▁Ralph ▁Wilson ▁handled ▁the ▁re - sign ing ▁of ▁Sim pson , ▁who ▁had ▁demanded ▁a ▁trade ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁S aban ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Jim ▁Ring o , ▁who ▁he ▁had ▁h ired ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁Wilson ▁held ▁a ▁grud ge ▁against ▁S aban ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁after ▁his ▁second ▁res ignation , ▁ref using ▁to ▁put ▁S aban ▁on ▁the ▁B ills ' ▁Wall ▁of ▁Fame ▁because , ▁in ▁Wilson ' s ▁words , ▁" he ▁quit ▁on ▁me ▁twice !" ▁W alt ▁Pat ul ski , ▁the ▁B ills ' ▁first ▁overall ▁draft ▁pick ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁also ▁held ▁ill ▁will ▁toward ▁S aban ▁after ▁Buff alo , ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁S aban ▁tried ▁to ▁force ▁his ▁person ality ▁onto ▁Pat ul ski ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁effort ▁effectively ▁ru ined ▁his ▁career ; ▁Pat ul ski ▁would ▁never ▁speak ▁to ▁S aban ▁again ▁after ▁their ▁respective ▁times ▁in ▁Buff alo , ▁despite ▁multiple |
▁opportun ities ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁college ▁ranks ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁res ignation ▁from ▁the ▁B ills , ▁S aban ▁took ▁a ▁post ▁as ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁C inc inn ati ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁He ▁res igned ▁ 1 9 ▁days ▁later , ▁however , ▁and ▁took ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Miami , ▁reported ly ▁for ▁a ▁$ 3 7 5 , 0 0 0 ▁sal ary ▁($ ▁today ). ▁He ▁had ▁double - b yp ass ▁heart ▁surg ery ▁at ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁C lin ic ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁but ▁recovered ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁Miami ' s ▁season ▁began ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁When ▁S aban ▁came ▁to ▁Miami , ▁the ▁football ▁team ▁had ▁won ▁just ▁five ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁previous ▁two ▁seasons . ▁ ▁Miami ▁posted ▁a ▁ 3 – 8 ▁record ▁in ▁S aban ' s ▁first ▁year , ▁but ▁improved ▁to ▁ 6 – 5 ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁S aban ▁instit uted ▁an ▁extensive ▁rec ruit ing ▁network ▁to ▁re build ▁Miami ' s ▁program , ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁school ' s ▁athlet ic ▁director ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁rec ruits ▁was ▁quarter back ▁Jim ▁Kelly , ▁who ▁star red ▁at ▁Miami ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁a ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁career ▁with ▁the ▁B ills . ▁ ▁Despite ▁Miami ' s |
▁improvement ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁S aban ▁depart ed ▁the ▁school ▁amid ▁controvers y . ▁That ▁April , ▁three ▁fresh man ▁Miami ▁players ▁attacked ▁a ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁Jewish ▁man ▁we aring ▁a ▁y arm ul ke ▁who ▁was ▁walking ▁to ▁religious ▁services ▁on ▁campus . ▁They ▁threw ▁the ▁man , ▁who ▁worked ▁at ▁a ▁campus ▁gather ing ▁place ▁for ▁U M ' s ▁Jewish ▁community , ▁into ▁Lake ▁Os ce ola ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁campus . ▁When ▁S aban ▁returned ▁to ▁campus ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁later , ▁he ▁was ▁una ware ▁the ▁man ▁was ▁Jewish ▁and ▁reported ly ▁said ▁" Get ting ▁thrown ▁in ▁the ▁lake ? ▁S ounds ▁like ▁fun ▁to ▁me ." ▁Miami ' s ▁Jewish ▁community ▁compla ined , ▁and ▁despite ▁numerous ▁ap ologies , ▁S aban ▁offered ▁to ▁res ign ▁mid - season . ▁S aban ▁was ▁convinced ▁to ▁remain ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁however , ▁before ▁leaving ▁to ▁coach ▁at ▁Army . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁S aban ▁joined ▁Army , ▁he ▁had ▁developed ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁an ▁it iner ant ▁coach , ▁a ▁" not orious ▁job - ho pper " ▁who ▁was ▁never theless ▁respect ed ▁for ▁re building ▁teams ▁in ▁poor ▁condition . ▁S aban ▁said ▁he ▁wanted ▁to ▁stay ▁at ▁Army ▁" until ▁they ▁put ▁me ▁out ▁to ▁past ure ". ▁S aban ▁stayed ▁at ▁Army ▁for ▁only ▁one ▁season . ▁He ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁unh appy ▁with ▁the ▁a cademy ' |
s ▁unw illing ness ▁to ▁invest ▁more ▁in ▁its ▁football ▁program . ▁" This ▁is ▁a ▁des perate ▁situation ", ▁he ▁said ▁near ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁season . ▁" To ▁fight ▁alone ▁as ▁a ▁football ▁staff ▁is ▁impossible ." ▁He ▁res igned ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁after ▁leading ▁Army ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 – 8 – 1 ▁record ▁the ▁previous ▁season . ▁ ▁S aban ▁next ▁worked ▁for ▁George ▁Stein br en ner , ▁first ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁as ▁an ▁executive ▁at ▁Stein br en ner ' s ▁T ampa ▁Bay ▁Down s ▁rac et rack ▁and ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Yan ke es ▁of ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball . ▁ ▁He ▁took ▁the ▁post ▁as ▁a ▁favor ▁to ▁Stein br en ner , ▁a ▁close ▁friend ▁who ▁had ▁served ▁on ▁his ▁co aching ▁staff ▁at ▁North western ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁S aban ▁left ▁the ▁Yan ke es ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁head ▁football ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Central ▁Florida ▁( U CF ), ▁a ▁Division ▁II ▁school ▁that ▁asp ired ▁to ▁move ▁its ▁program ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁college ▁ranks . ▁He ▁took ▁over ▁a ▁team ▁that ▁had ▁gone ▁ 0 – 1 0 ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁and ▁led ▁the ▁Kn ights ▁to ▁a ▁ 5 – 6 ▁record ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 |
. ▁He ▁res igned ▁mid way ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁season ▁with ▁U CF ' s ▁record ▁at ▁ 1 – 6 . ▁S aban , ▁by ▁then ▁ 6 3 ▁years ▁old , ▁said ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁meeting ▁with ▁school ▁officials ▁and ▁felt ▁he ▁" had ▁no ▁part ▁in ▁their ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁future ". ▁At ▁U CF , ▁S aban ▁was ▁play fully ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Lou ▁" two ▁point ▁two " ▁S aban ▁because ▁his ▁average ▁ten ure ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁was ▁ 2 . 2 ▁years . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁his ▁assistant , ▁Jerry ▁Anderson . ▁ ▁S aban ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁to ▁Hend erson ville , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁He ▁came ▁out ▁of ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁however , ▁to ▁coach ▁high ▁school ▁football ▁in ▁Stuart , ▁Florida , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁def ensive ▁coordin ator ▁for ▁the ▁Martin ▁County ▁High ▁School ▁Fight ing ▁Tig ers . ▁He ▁left ▁after ▁two ▁seasons ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁head ▁football ▁coach ▁at ▁South ▁F ork ▁High ▁School , ▁a ▁rival ▁of ▁Martin ▁County ▁that ▁had ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁ 1 – 9 ▁the ▁previous ▁year . ▁After ▁just ▁one ▁season ▁at ▁South ▁F ork , ▁S aban ▁res igned ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Ge or get own ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Ge or get own , ▁South ▁Carolina . ▁S aban ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁there ▁to ▁have ▁fun |
▁and ▁enjoy ▁life , ▁and ▁that ▁his ▁reputation ▁as ▁a ▁co aching ▁" nom ad " ▁bother ed ▁him . ▁" I ' ve ▁had ▁no ▁chance ▁but ▁to ▁continue ▁on ", ▁he ▁said . ▁ ▁S aban ▁was ▁h ired ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁to ▁coach ▁the ▁Middle ▁Georgia ▁He at ▁W ave , ▁a ▁sem ip ro ▁team ▁in ▁Ma con , ▁Georgia , ▁but ▁he ▁left ▁after ▁just ▁four ▁games . ▁Team ▁officials ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁" not ▁a ▁firing ", ▁while ▁S aban ▁said ▁there ▁were ▁differences ▁in ▁philosophy ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁" not ▁a ▁res ignation ." ▁S aban ▁next ▁took ▁a ▁job ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Peru ▁State ▁College ▁in ▁Neb r aska , ▁compiling ▁a ▁ 7 – 4 ▁record . ▁He ▁res igned ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁because ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁rule ▁that ▁required ▁him ▁to ▁teach ▁at ▁the ▁school , ▁a ▁responsibility ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁take ▁on . ▁ ▁S aban ▁next ▁signed ▁on ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁with ▁the ▁T ampa ▁Bay ▁Storm ▁of ▁the ▁Arena ▁Football ▁League . ▁Two ▁years ▁later , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁the ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁ar ena ▁league ' s ▁expansion ▁Mil w au kee ▁Must angs ▁but ▁was ▁fired ▁after ▁the ▁team ▁started ▁ 0 – 4 . ▁The ▁team ' s ▁general ▁manager ▁said ▁he ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁compet itive ▁and ▁thought ▁the ▁club ▁" ne eded ▁a ▁change ". ▁Short ly ▁after |
▁his ▁firing , ▁S aban ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁help ▁start ▁a ▁football ▁program ▁at ▁Alfred ▁State ▁College , ▁a ▁two - year ▁technology ▁school ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Buff alo . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁S aban ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁first ▁head ▁football ▁coach ▁at ▁S UN Y ▁C anton , ▁a ▁two - year ▁college ▁where ▁he ▁stayed ▁for ▁six ▁seasons . ▁His ▁C anton ▁team ▁was ▁an ▁immediate ▁success , ▁posting ▁a ▁ 7 – 0 ▁record ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁and ▁a ▁ 3 4 – 1 6 ▁overall ▁record ▁during ▁S aban ' s ▁time ▁as ▁coach . ▁The ▁school ▁named ▁its ▁football ▁field ▁after ▁S aban ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁S aban ' s ▁final ▁job , ▁which ▁he ▁took ▁at ▁ 8 0 ▁years ▁old , ▁was ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Ch owan ▁University ▁in ▁Mur fre es bor o , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁He ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 3 ▁record ▁at ▁Ch owan ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁later ▁years , ▁S aban ▁had ▁heart ▁problems ▁and ▁a ▁fall ▁in ▁his ▁home ▁that ▁required ▁hospital ization . ▁He ▁died ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁North ▁My rt le ▁Beach , ▁South ▁Carolina ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁his ▁first ▁wife , ▁Lor raine , ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son , |
▁Thomas , ▁and ▁ 3 ▁daughters , ▁Pat ric ia , ▁Barbara , ▁and ▁Christ ine . ▁ ▁Lor raine ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁at ▁their ▁home ▁in ▁Or ch ard ▁Park , ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁while ▁read ying ▁to ▁join ▁Lou ▁at ▁his ▁new ▁job ▁in ▁Miami . ▁He ▁shared ▁seven ▁children ▁with ▁his ▁second ▁wife , ▁Joy ce ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁any ▁children ▁together . ▁ ▁Lou ▁S aban ▁shares ▁his ▁last ▁name ▁with ▁another ▁famous ▁football ▁coach , ▁Nick ▁S aban . ▁They ▁were ▁called ▁" dist ant ▁c ous ins " ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁article ▁where ▁Lou ▁comments ▁on ▁the ▁younger ▁S aban ' s ▁success . ▁Upon ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Lou ▁S aban , ▁his ▁wid ow , ▁Joy ce ▁S aban ▁said ▁the ▁two ▁men ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁second ▁c ous ins . ▁ ▁S aban ▁is ▁of ▁Cro at ian ▁descent . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁In cluding ▁his ▁stops ▁at ▁both ▁two - ▁and ▁four - year ▁schools , ▁S aban ' s ▁overall ▁colleg iate ▁co aching ▁record ▁was ▁ 9 4 – 9 9 – 4 . ▁In cluding ▁play offs , ▁his ▁professional ▁football ▁record ▁stands ▁at ▁ 9 7 – 1 0 1 – 7 . ▁S aban ▁had ▁periods ▁of ▁success ▁as ▁a ▁player ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁college ▁and ▁professional ▁levels , ▁but ▁his ▁constant ▁moves ▁from ▁job ▁to ▁job ▁eventually ▁came ▁to ▁define ▁him |
. ▁" I ▁have ▁been ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁per ip at etic ▁coach ", ▁he ▁said ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁" The ▁first ▁time ▁I ▁was ▁called ▁that , ▁I ▁thought ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁dirty ▁word . ▁I ▁looked ▁it ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁dictionary ▁and ▁found ▁it ▁meant ▁I ▁moved ▁around ▁a ▁lot ." ▁S aban ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁Buff alo ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and , ▁in ▁a ▁surprise ▁move , ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁Wall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁Professional ▁Football ▁Research ers ▁Association ▁named ▁S aban ▁to ▁the ▁PR FA ▁Hall ▁of ▁Very ▁Good ▁Class ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Co aching ▁tree ▁Ass ist ants ▁under ▁S aban ▁who ▁became ▁college ▁or ▁professional ▁head ▁coach es : ▁ ▁Mike ▁Hol ov ak ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots ▁( 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 6 8 ), ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁Joe ▁Col lier : ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁( 1 9 6 6 - 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ ▁Har vey ▁Johnson : ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁( 1 9 6 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁John ▁Maz ur : ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots ▁( 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 7 2 ) ▁ ▁Jerry ▁Smith ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁( |
1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Dick ▁Mac Ph erson : ▁Massachusetts ▁Min ut emen ▁( 1 9 7 1 - 1 9 7 7 ), ▁Sy rac use ▁Or ang emen ▁( 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 9 0 ), ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots ▁( 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Jim ▁Ring o : ▁Buff alo ▁B ills ▁( 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁Sam ▁R ut igli ano : ▁Cleveland ▁Brow ns ▁( 1 9 7 7 - 1 9 8 4 ), ▁Liber ty ▁Fl ames ▁( 1 9 8 9 - 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Red ▁Miller : ▁Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁( 1 9 7 7 - 1 9 8 0 ), ▁Den ver ▁Gold ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁Additionally , ▁Mart y ▁Sch ot ten heimer , ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁S aban ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁with ▁the ▁A FL ' s ▁B ills , ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁S aban ' s ▁co aching ▁philosophy . ▁Sch ot ten heimer ▁and ▁the ▁coach es ▁he ▁influenced ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁S aban ' s ▁co aching ▁tree . ▁ ▁Head ▁co aching ▁record ▁ ▁College ▁ ▁* F ired ▁after ▁ 7 ▁games ▁ ▁A FL / N FL ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁American ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category |
: 1 9 2 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁football ▁line back ers ▁Category : American ▁football ▁quarter back s ▁Category : B oston ▁Patri ots ▁( AF L ) ▁coach es ▁Category : B oston ▁Patri ots ▁( AF L ) ▁head ▁coach es ▁Category : B uff alo ▁B ills ▁head ▁coach es ▁Category : Case ▁Western ▁Spart ans ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : C leveland ▁Brow ns ▁( A AF C ) ▁players ▁Category : Ch owan ▁Haw ks ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁head ▁coach es ▁Category : Ind iana ▁Ho os iers ▁football ▁players ▁Category : M ary land ▁Ter rap ins ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : M iami ▁H urr ican es ▁athlet ic ▁direct ors ▁Category : M iami ▁H urr ican es ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Yan ke es ▁execut ives ▁Category : N orth western ▁Wild c ats ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : Per u ▁State ▁Bob c ats ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : S UN Y ▁C anton ▁Ro os ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : W ashington ▁H usk ies ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : West ern ▁Illinois ▁Le ather ne cks ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : T ampa ▁Bay ▁Storm ▁coach es ▁Category : Mil w au kee ▁Must angs ▁( 1 9 9 4 – 2 0 0 1 ) ▁coach es ▁Category : National ▁Football ▁League ▁general ▁man agers ▁Category : High ▁school ▁football |
▁coach es ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : High ▁school ▁football ▁coach es ▁in ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : American ▁Football ▁League ▁champions ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁La ▁G range , ▁Illinois ▁Category : Acc ident al ▁death s ▁from ▁falls ▁Category : Acc ident al ▁death s ▁in ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Cro at ian ▁descent ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Brook field , ▁Illinois ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁Illinois <0x0A> </s> ▁Lor raine ▁Rod ero ▁In ou ye ▁( born ▁June ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁from ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Hawai i . ▁A ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party , ▁she ▁serves ▁in ▁the ▁Hawai i ▁State ▁Senate , ▁representing ▁District ▁ 4 . ▁She ▁is ▁of ▁no ▁relation ▁to ▁prominent ▁U . S . ▁sen ator ▁from ▁Hawai i ▁Daniel ▁In ou ye . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁In ou ye ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Hawai i ▁County ▁Council ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁In ou ye ▁ran ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁election ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁of ▁Bernard ▁Ak ana , ▁who ▁died ▁in ▁office , ▁as ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁County . ▁She ▁defeated ▁Stephen ▁K . ▁Yam ash iro ▁by ▁ 7 6 ▁votes , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁Filip ino - American ▁woman ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁a ▁U . S . ▁County . ▁She ▁ran ▁for ▁re - e lection |
▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁but ▁lost ▁to ▁Yam ash iro . ▁ ▁In ou ye ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁ 1 ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁Hawai i ▁Senate ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁challeng ing ▁inc umb ent ▁Dem ocrat ▁Mal ama ▁Sol omon . ▁In ou ye ▁defeated ▁Sol omon ▁in ▁the ▁primary , ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁general ▁election . ▁She ▁served ▁through ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁That ▁year , ▁she ▁received ▁a ▁primary ▁challenge ▁from ▁D w ight ▁Tak am ine , ▁and ▁chose ▁instead ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁County . ▁Though ▁she ▁initially ▁led ▁her ▁oppon ents ▁in ▁the ▁opinion ▁pol ls , ▁she ▁finished ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary , ▁behind ▁event ual ▁winner ▁Billy ▁Ken oi ▁and ▁Angel ▁Pil ago . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁In ou ye ▁ran ▁for ▁District ▁ 4 ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁Senate . ▁She ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁election ▁by ▁Sol omon , ▁the ▁inc umb ent ▁from ▁District ▁ 1 . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁In ou ye ▁announced ▁she ▁would ▁challenge ▁Sol omon ▁in ▁the ▁up coming ▁primary ▁election ▁to ▁represent ▁District ▁ 4 . ▁She ▁defeated ▁Sol omon ▁in ▁the ▁primary , ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁general ▁election . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ou ye ▁graduated ▁from ▁H ilo ▁High ▁School . ▁Prior ▁to ▁running ▁for ▁political ▁office , ▁In ou ye ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁hotel ier . ▁In ou ye ▁is ▁married |
▁to ▁Vern on ▁In ou ye , ▁who ▁grows ▁and ▁exports ▁flowers ▁and ▁serves ▁as ▁co - owner , ▁president , ▁and ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁Flor al ▁Resources ▁Hawai i . ▁She ▁serves ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁Alo ha ▁Blo oms , ▁the ▁family - owned ▁an thur ium ▁farm . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W omen ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁Hawai i ▁Category : H aw ai i ▁state ▁sen ators ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁County ▁Category : H aw ai i ▁County ▁Council ▁members ▁Category : H aw ai i ▁Democr ats ▁Category : American ▁hotel iers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁H ilo , ▁Hawai i ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁polit icians ▁Category : American ▁women ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁descent ▁in ▁politics <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Virginia ▁S lim s ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁is ▁a ▁def unct ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁affili ated ▁women ' s ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁played ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁It ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁Hon ol ulu , ▁Hawai i ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁played ▁on ▁out door ▁hard ▁courts . ▁ ▁Past ▁final s ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁ ▁Category : H ard ▁court ▁tennis ▁tournament s ▁Category : V ir gin ia ▁S lim s ▁tennis ▁tournament s ▁Category : Def unct ▁tennis ▁tournament s ▁in ▁the ▁United |
▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁B red en bek ▁is ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁B ün z au ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁German ▁state ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein . ▁The ▁river ▁has ▁a ▁length ▁of ▁about ▁. ▁It ▁r ises ▁west ▁of ▁Was bek ▁and ▁dis charg es ▁into ▁the ▁B ün z au ▁west ▁of ▁B arg feld . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein ▁Category : A uk rug ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Gla phy rist is ▁polit ic op a ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cos m opter ig idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁on ▁F iji . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Natural ▁History ▁Museum ▁Le pid optera ▁generic ▁names ▁catalog ▁ ▁Category : C os m opter ig inae <0x0A> </s> ▁HMS ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy . ▁ ▁History ▁She ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁Smith s ▁D ock ▁Company ▁at ▁South ▁Bank , ▁North ▁York shire , ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁and ▁commission ed ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁she ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁con voy ▁esc ort ▁and ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁s inking ▁of ▁two ▁U - bo ats : ▁ ▁was ▁s unk ▁by ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁on ▁ 6 |
▁March ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁ ▁was ▁s unk ▁south ▁of ▁Ireland ▁by ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁– ▁all ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 0 th ▁Esc ort ▁Group ▁under ▁Commander ▁Den ys ▁Ray ner . ▁ ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁was ▁scra pped ▁at ▁L l anel li ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁bell ▁of ▁HMS ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁was ▁gift ed ▁to ▁The ▁Bug le ▁Inn ▁Y arm outh , ▁Is le ▁of ▁W ight ▁ ▁In ▁media ▁L t . ▁C md r . ▁James ▁Joseph ▁All on ▁( 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁commanded ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁Short ly ▁before ▁he ▁died , ▁he ▁wrote ▁some ▁rem in isc ences ▁of ▁his ▁Mer chant ▁Navy ▁and ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁career ▁which ▁are ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁online ▁archive ▁W W 2 ▁People ' s ▁War ▁here : ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Publications ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁ships ▁Category : Cast le - class ▁cor v ettes ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Te es <0x0A> </s> ▁Bernard ▁Arthur ▁William ▁Patrick ▁H ast ings ▁For bes , ▁ 8 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Gran ard , ▁ ▁( 1 7 ▁September ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 8 |
), ▁sty led ▁Vis count ▁For bes ▁from ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 9 , ▁was ▁an ▁Ang lo - I r ish ▁soldier ▁and ▁Liberal ▁politician . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Gran ard ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁George ▁For bes , ▁ 7 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Gran ard , ▁and ▁Mary ▁Frances ▁Pet re , ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁Pet re , ▁ 1 2 th ▁Baron ▁Pet re . ▁At ▁age ▁ 1 4 , ▁he ▁succeeded ▁as ▁e ighth ▁Earl ▁of ▁Gran ard ▁on ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Upon ▁reaching ▁m atur ity ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁Gran ard ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁take ▁his ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords ▁under ▁his ▁junior ▁title ▁Baron ▁Gran ard , ▁which ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁Pe er age ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁When ▁the ▁Liber als ▁came ▁to ▁power ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁under ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Campbell - B ann erman , ▁Gran ard ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Lord - in - wait ing ▁to ▁Edward ▁VII ▁( g overn ment ▁wh ip ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords ) ▁and ▁Ass istant ▁Post master - General , ▁posts ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁respectively . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁he ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁and ▁appointed ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Hor se , ▁an ▁office ▁he ▁retained ▁until ▁ 1 |
9 1 5 . ▁ ▁Grand ard ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁Irish ▁politics . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Irish ▁Food ▁Convention , ▁Food ▁Controller ▁for ▁Ireland ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁in ▁which ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Irish ▁Priv y ▁Council . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁short - l ived ▁Senate ▁of ▁Southern ▁Ireland ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁of ▁the ▁Irish ▁Free ▁State ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁He ▁was ▁again ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Hor se ▁between ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁but ▁by ▁this ▁time ▁this ▁post ▁had ▁ceased ▁being ▁a ▁political ▁office . ▁Gran ard ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁Vice - Ad mir al ▁of ▁Con n aught , ▁Lord ▁Lieutenant ▁of ▁Long ford . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁Knight ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁Patrick ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 . ▁ ▁Military ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 6 , ▁Gran ard ▁was ▁commission ed ▁into ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁( Mil it ia ) ▁Battalion , ▁Gordon ▁High land ers , ▁but ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁November ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁a ▁regular ▁commission ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁lieutenant ▁in ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁Gu ards . ▁Following ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Bo er ▁War ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Battalion ▁of ▁his ▁regiment |
▁as ▁it ▁left ▁South am pton ▁for ▁South ▁Africa ▁on ▁the ▁SS ▁Britann ic ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁He ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Battalion ▁in ▁South ▁Africa ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁B elf ast ▁( August ▁ 1 9 0 0 ) ▁and ▁operations ▁at ▁Kom at ipo ort . ▁While ▁in ▁South ▁Africa , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 1 . ▁Following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁Lord ▁Gran ard ▁left ▁Cape ▁Town ▁for ▁England ▁on ▁the ▁SS ▁Sim la ▁in ▁late ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 2 . ▁Prom otion ▁to ▁captain ▁followed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Lieutenant - Col onel ▁in ▁the ▁Post ▁Office ▁R if les . ▁He ▁res igned ▁his ▁comm issions ▁in ▁the ▁Post ▁Office ▁R if les ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁and ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁Gu ards ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁he ▁was ▁re called ▁to ▁command ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Battalion , ▁Royal ▁Irish ▁Regiment . ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁Military ▁Secretary ▁to ▁the ▁Commander - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Sal on ika ▁Forces ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁ ▁A part ▁from ▁his ▁political ▁and ▁military ▁career , ▁Gran ard ▁was ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁Ar |
sen al ▁Football ▁Club , ▁and ▁was ▁club ▁chairman ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁Lord ▁Gran ard ▁married , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁Be atrice ▁M ills , ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁wealth y ▁American ▁business man ▁Og den ▁M ills ▁from ▁Staats burg , ▁New ▁York . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁tw in ▁sister ▁of ▁Glad ys ▁M ills ▁Ph ipp s . ▁Her ▁brother , ▁Og den ▁L . ▁M ills , ▁was ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁United ▁States ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury . ▁They ▁had ▁four ▁children , ▁including ▁E ile en ▁Be atrice , ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Mar qu ess ▁of ▁B ute . ▁▁ ▁Lord ▁Gran ard ▁died ▁one ▁week ▁before ▁his ▁ 7 4 th ▁birth day . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁el dest ▁son ▁Arthur . ▁A part ▁from ▁his ▁seat ▁at ▁Castle for bes , ▁New town for bes , ▁County ▁Long ford , ▁Ireland , ▁Lord ▁Gran ard ▁had ▁a ▁London ▁residence ▁at ▁For bes ▁House , ▁H alk in ▁Street , ▁and ▁a ▁residence ▁at ▁ 7 3 ▁R ue ▁de ▁Var enne , ▁Paris . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Whit aker ' s ▁Pe er age , ▁Baron et age , ▁Knight age , ▁and ▁Comp an ion age ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁London , ▁p . 2 9 7 . ▁ ▁Bur ke ' s ▁land |
ed ▁gent ry ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain : ▁by ▁Peter ▁Beau cl erk ▁D ew ar ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁death s ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Milit ia ▁officers ▁Category : G ordon ▁High land ers ▁officers ▁Category : Sc ots ▁Gu ards ▁officers ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Irish ▁Regiment ▁( 1 6 8 4 – 1 9 2 2 ) ▁officers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Bo er ▁War ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : Ar sen al ▁F . C . ▁direct ors ▁and ▁chair men ▁Category : K n ights ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Victor ian ▁Order ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁St ▁Patrick ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Roman ▁C athol ics ▁Category : C atholic ▁Union ists ▁Category : L ord - L ie uten ants ▁of ▁Long ford ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁Ireland ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : L iber al ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁L ords - in - Wait ing ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁Se an ad ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁Se an ad ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Se an ad ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁Se |
an ad ▁Category : Pres ident ial ▁app o inte es ▁to ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁( I reland ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁of ▁Southern ▁Ireland ▁Category : Ind ep endent ▁members ▁of ▁Se an ad ▁É ire ann ▁Category : E ar ls ▁of ▁Gran ard <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁sp elling ▁test ▁is ▁an ▁assess ment ▁of ▁a ▁person ' s ▁( us ually ▁a ▁student ' s ) ▁ability ▁to ▁spell ▁words ▁correctly . ▁Sp elling ▁tests ▁are ▁usually ▁given ▁in ▁school ▁during ▁language ▁arts ▁class , ▁to ▁see ▁how ▁well ▁each ▁student ▁has ▁learned ▁the ▁most ▁recent ▁sp elling ▁less on . ▁ ▁Typ ical ▁intervals ▁for ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁are ▁one ▁per ▁week ▁throughout ▁the ▁school ▁year , ▁except ▁for ▁sp elling ▁be es , ▁which ▁are ▁generally ▁held ▁once ▁per ▁year . ▁ ▁Types ▁of ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁generally ▁four ▁types ▁of ▁sp elling ▁tests . ▁In ▁an ▁or al ▁sp elling ▁test , ▁the ▁teacher ▁pron oun ces ▁each ▁word ▁out ▁loud ▁and ▁the ▁students ▁write ▁each ▁word ▁down . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁sp elling ▁be e - type ▁test ▁( see ▁sp elling ▁be e ▁below ), ▁each ▁student ▁is ▁asked ▁individually ▁one - at - a - time ▁to ▁spell ▁a ▁( d ifferent ) ▁specific ▁word ▁out ▁loud . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁proof reading - style ▁test , ▁sentences ▁or ▁paragraph s ▁are ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁student ▁on ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁sheets ▁of ▁paper , ▁and ▁the |
▁student ▁must ▁find ▁the ▁incorrectly ▁sp elled ▁words ▁and ▁supply ▁the ▁correct ▁spell ings ▁in ▁the ▁spaces ▁provided . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁multiple ▁choice ▁sp elling ▁test , ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁spell ings ▁are ▁given ▁for ▁each ▁word ▁in ▁the ▁test , ▁and ▁the ▁student ▁must ▁place ▁a ▁mark ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁is ▁correct . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁difference ▁between ▁most ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁at ▁school ▁and ▁a ▁sp elling ▁be e ▁is ▁that ▁in ▁a ▁sp elling ▁be e ▁the ▁students ▁do ▁not ▁get ▁to ▁know ▁in ▁advance ▁which ▁words ▁will ▁be ▁tested , ▁but ▁for ▁regular ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁they ▁do . ▁ ▁Sp elling ▁be e ▁▁ ▁One ▁very ▁difficult ▁kind ▁of ▁sp elling ▁test ▁is ▁the ▁sp elling ▁be e : ▁a ▁competition ▁where ▁contest ants , ▁usually ▁children , ▁are ▁asked ▁to ▁spell ▁English ▁words . ▁The ▁practice ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁spread ▁to ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁the ▁English - spe aking ▁world , ▁especially ▁North ▁America . ▁It ▁is ▁not , ▁however , ▁a ▁very ▁familiar ▁concept ▁in ▁the ▁most ▁Commonwealth ▁nations , ▁where , ▁if ▁the ▁term ▁is ▁known ▁at ▁all , ▁it ▁is ▁usually ▁perce ived ▁as ▁a ▁peculiar ▁American ▁tradition . ▁ ▁Every ▁year ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁sp elling ▁be e ▁involving ▁most ▁primary ▁and ▁secondary ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁country ; ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁being ▁awarded ▁a ▁scholar ship , ▁the ▁w inners ▁in ▁each ▁age ▁group ▁get ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁President |
▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Pre par ing ▁for ▁a ▁Sp elling ▁Test ▁ ▁Rep et ition ▁▁ ▁In ▁this ▁method , ▁the ▁student ▁typically ▁writes ▁out ▁each ▁word ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁sp elling ▁less on ▁a ▁set ▁number ▁of ▁times ▁each , ▁for ▁example , ▁ 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 ▁times . ▁ ▁M aking ▁mn emon ics ▁▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁effective ▁ways ▁to ▁memor ize ▁spell ings ▁is ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁mn emon ics ▁to ▁help ▁remember ▁them . ▁A ▁m nem onic ▁is ▁a ▁memory ▁trick ▁which ▁associ ates ▁the ▁thing ▁that ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁remembered ▁with ▁something ▁else ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁easier . ▁For ▁sp elling , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁the ▁ex agger ated ▁pron unci ation ▁of ▁a ▁word , ▁like ▁inde pen D ENT . ▁Or ▁it ▁might ▁be ▁a ▁silly ▁sentence ▁or ▁visual ▁image ▁to ▁help ▁remember ▁the ▁word , ▁like ▁" the ▁independ ents ▁all ▁dent ed ▁their ▁cars ▁with ▁s ledge ham mers ". ▁Or ▁it ▁might ▁describe ▁a ▁key ▁aspect ▁of ▁a ▁word ▁to ▁help ▁remember ▁it , ▁like ▁" all ▁the ▁v ow els ▁in ▁c emetery ▁are ▁the ▁same : ▁three ▁little ▁e ' s , ▁each ▁on ▁its ▁own ▁little ▁tomb stone ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Common ▁European ▁Framework ▁of ▁Reference ▁for ▁L anguages ▁W R AT ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Free ▁online ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁ ▁Free ▁Word ▁Cup ▁voc ab ul ary / sp elling ▁qu iz , ▁updated ▁week ly ▁with ▁ |
3 0 ▁new ▁words ▁ ▁Another ▁online ▁sp elling ▁tests ▁ ▁Sp ell ▁W ords , ▁Num bers , ▁C ities , ▁Phone ▁numbers ▁and ▁letters ! ▁ ▁Category : Student ▁assess ment ▁and ▁evaluation ▁Category : E du c ational ▁evaluation ▁methods <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Cal ov ▁Bible ▁is ▁a ▁three - volume ▁ 1 7 th - century ▁Bible ▁that ▁contains ▁German ▁transl ations ▁and ▁comment ary ▁by ▁Martin ▁Luther ▁and ▁additional ▁comment ary ▁by ▁W itten berg ▁the ology ▁professor ▁Abraham ▁Cal ov ius . ▁ ▁Connection ▁with ▁J . ▁S . ▁Bach ▁The ▁Cal ov ▁Bible ▁was ▁made ▁famous ▁with ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁a ▁long - lost ▁copy ▁that ▁had ▁once ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁composer ▁Johann ▁Sebastian ▁Bach . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁death , ▁the ▁invent ory ▁of ▁Bach ' s ▁library ▁specified ▁ownership ▁of ▁ ▁( writ ings ▁of ▁Cal ov ius ). ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁known ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁what ▁these ▁writ ings ▁were . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁a ▁Luther an ▁past or , ▁Christian ▁G . ▁R ied el , ▁was ▁att ending ▁a ▁convention ▁of ▁the ▁Luther an ▁Church – Miss ouri ▁Syn od ▁in ▁Fran ken m uth , ▁Michigan . ▁While ▁a ▁guest ▁in ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁his ▁cousin , ▁Leonard ▁Reich le , ▁R ied el ▁was ▁shown ▁a ▁volume ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁recognized ▁Bach ' s ▁signature ▁on ▁the ▁title ▁page . ▁Reich le ▁subsequently ▁located ▁the |
▁other ▁two ▁volumes ▁in ▁his ▁att ic , ▁rel ating ▁that ▁his ▁family ▁had ▁purchased ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s , ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁Reich le ▁don ated ▁the ▁three ▁volumes ▁to ▁the ▁Con cord ia ▁Sem inary ▁Library ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri . ▁Only ▁after ▁the ▁up he av als ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁however , ▁did ▁this ▁Bible ▁become ▁known ▁to ▁Bach ▁scholar ship . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁a ▁fac sim ile ▁repr int ▁of ▁Bach ' s ▁Bible ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁publish er ▁Van ▁W ijn en ▁of ▁Fran ek er , ▁in ▁close ▁co - operation ▁with ▁the ▁own ers , ▁Con cord ia ▁Sem inary ▁Library .. ▁ ▁The ▁Cal ov ▁Bible ▁is ▁in ▁three ▁volumes , ▁each ▁signed ▁on ▁its ▁main ▁title ▁page ▁by ▁J . ▁S . ▁Bach , ▁who ▁followed ▁his ▁signature ▁with ▁the ▁date , ▁ 1 7 3 3 . ▁The ▁volumes ▁contain ▁ 3 4 8 ▁under lin ings , ▁marks ▁of ▁emphas is , ▁and ▁marg inal ia ▁in ▁Bach ' s ▁hand , ▁an ▁att ribution ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁proven ▁by ▁hand writing ▁analysis ▁and ▁chemical ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁in k . ▁In ▁many ▁instances ▁Bach ▁was ▁correct ing ▁typ ographical ▁or ▁gram mat ical ▁errors . ▁Three ▁of ▁Bach ' s ▁more ▁important ▁annotations ▁are ▁in ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁following ▁pass ages . |
▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Bach ▁marg inal ia ▁in ▁Cal ov ▁Bible ▁context ual ized ▁in ▁an ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁F ug ue ▁No . ▁ 1 8 ▁in ▁G - sharp ▁minor , ▁B W V ▁ 8 8 7 , ▁from ▁Book ▁II ▁of ▁The ▁Well - Tem per ed ▁C lav ier ▁pdf ▁or ▁Sho ck wave ▁Dr . ▁Thomas ▁Ross in ▁- ▁short ▁video ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Cal ov ▁Bible : ▁http :// ex ult ate . org / wp - content / upload s / 2 0 1 9 / 1 0 / B ach - B ible - History . mp 4 ▁Information ▁on ▁the ▁fac sim ile ▁repr int ▁of ▁Bach ' s ▁Cal ov ▁Bible ▁on ▁www . bach b ible . com . ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁books ▁Category : B ible ▁transl ations ▁into ▁German ▁Category : J oh ann ▁Sebastian ▁Bach ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁in ▁Michigan <0x0A> </s> ▁Cer cos por a ▁ros icola ▁is ▁a ▁fung al ▁plant ▁path ogen . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁ros icola ▁Category : F ung al ▁plant ▁path og ens ▁and ▁dise ases <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁S aw yer ▁Hom est ead ▁was ▁a ▁historic ▁house ▁at ▁ 1 0 8 ▁Map le ▁Street ▁in ▁Ster ling , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁With ▁an ▁estimated ▁construction ▁date ▁of ▁ 1 7 5 6 , ▁the ▁house ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Ster ling ' s ▁oldest |
▁surv iving ▁structures , ▁before ▁it ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁an ▁ar son ist ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁notable ▁as ▁the ▁birth place ▁of ▁Mary ▁S aw yer , ▁who ▁alleg ed ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁children ' s ▁nur ser y ▁rh yme ▁" M ary ▁Had ▁a ▁Little ▁Lamb ". ▁ ▁The ▁house ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁S aw yer ▁family , ▁whose ▁descend ants ▁still ▁own ▁the ▁property , ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁reprodu ction ▁of ▁the ▁house ▁built ▁on ▁its ▁site . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁The ▁S aw yer ▁Hom est ead ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁rural ▁eastern ▁Ster ling , ▁at ▁the ▁j unction ▁of ▁Map le ▁Street ▁and ▁R ugg ▁Road . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 - 1 / 2 ▁story ▁Cape ▁style ▁wood ▁frame ▁structure , ▁four ▁b ays ▁wide , ▁with ▁an ▁off - center ▁interior ▁chim ney , ▁cla p board ▁s iding , ▁and ▁a ▁stone ▁foundation . ▁The ▁main ▁entrance ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁bay ▁from ▁the ▁left . ▁A ▁single - story ▁g abled ▁ell ▁extends ▁to ▁the ▁rear . ▁The ▁property ▁included , ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁re building ▁effort , ▁an ▁early ▁ 2 0 th - century ▁Federal ▁Rev ival ▁out building , ▁and ▁a ▁bar n ▁was ▁located ▁across ▁R ugg ▁Road . ▁The ▁bar n ▁was ▁also ▁destroyed ▁by ▁an ▁ar son ist , |
▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁house ▁had ▁a ▁complex ▁evolution ary ▁construction ▁history , ▁dict ated ▁by ▁the ▁changing ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁S aw yer ▁family , ▁who ▁occupied ▁the ▁house ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 0 ▁years . ▁The ▁traditional ▁historical ▁claim ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁house ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 6 ▁by ▁Ez ra ▁S aw yer , ▁Jr ., ▁who ▁died ▁while ▁serving ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution ary ▁War . ▁S aw yer ' s ▁grand d augh ter ▁Mary ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁girl ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁nur ser y ▁rh yme ▁" M ary ▁Had ▁a ▁Little ▁Lamb ," ▁attributed ▁to ▁Sarah ▁Jose pha ▁H ale . ▁S aw y ers ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁house ▁until ▁ 1 8 8 9 , ▁and ▁owned ▁it ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁far ml and ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁that ▁time ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁property ▁then ▁stood ▁vac ant ▁and ▁d eter ior ating , ▁but ▁remained ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁a ▁S aw yer ▁family ▁trust . ▁It ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁an ▁ar son ist ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁family ▁then ▁decided ▁to ▁re create ▁the ▁house , ▁beginning ▁construction ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Wor c ester ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁Wor c ester ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : |
S ter ling , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Wor c ester ▁County , ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁Richard ▁England ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁Richard ▁England ▁( cy cl ist ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 1 ), ▁Australian ▁racing ▁cycl ist ▁Richard ▁England ▁( arch itect ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 7 ), ▁M alt ese ▁architect , ▁writer , ▁artist ▁and ▁academic ▁Sir ▁Richard ▁England ▁( B rit ish ▁Army ▁officer , ▁born ▁ 1 7 9 3 ) ▁( 1 7 9 3 – 1 8 8 3 ), ▁British ▁Army ▁general ▁Richard ▁England ▁( B rit ish ▁Army ▁officer , ▁died ▁ 1 8 1 2 ) ▁( 1 7 5 0 – 1 8 1 2 ), ▁British ▁Army ▁officer ▁and ▁Lieutenant - G overn or ▁of ▁P ly mouth ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁King ▁Richard ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁is ▁an ▁American - B rit ish ▁law ▁firm ▁co - head qu arter ed ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁Washington , ▁D . C .. ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁by ▁the ▁mer ger ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁law ▁firm ▁of ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁law ▁firm ▁Lov ells . ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁has ▁around ▁ 2 , 8 0 0 ▁law y ers ▁working ▁in ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 ▁offices ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Europe , ▁Latin ▁America , ▁the |
▁Middle ▁East , ▁Africa ▁and ▁Asia . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁was ▁the ▁ele vent h ▁largest ▁law ▁firm ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁reven ues , ▁ear ning ▁around ▁US $ 1 . 8 bn ▁( £ 1 . 1 bn ) ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁firm ▁had ▁ris en ▁to ▁ 7 th ▁world wide ▁with ▁gross ▁reven ues ▁exceed ing ▁US $ 2 ▁billion . ▁ ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁claims ▁special ization ▁in ▁" g overn ment ▁regul atory , ▁lit ig ation , ▁commercial ▁lit ig ation ▁and ▁arbitr ation , ▁corpor ate , ▁fin ance , ▁and ▁intellectual ▁property ". ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁ ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Frank ▁J . ▁Hog an ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁Hog an ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁Nelson ▁T . ▁Hart son , ▁a ▁former ▁In ternal ▁Re venue ▁Service ▁att orney , ▁and ▁John ▁William ▁But t son ▁Gu ider . ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁then ▁went ▁into ▁partners hip ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁with ▁But t son ▁as ▁a ▁silent ▁partner . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁major ▁firm ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁separate ▁practice ▁group ▁devoted ▁exclus ively ▁to ▁providing ▁pro ▁b ono ▁legal ▁services . ▁The ▁Community ▁Services ▁Department ▁( C |
SD ) ▁de alt ▁with ▁civil ▁rights , ▁environmental , ▁hom eless ▁and ▁other ▁public ▁interest ▁groups . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁opened ▁an ▁office ▁in ▁London , ▁their ▁first ▁outside ▁the ▁U . S . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁the ▁firm ▁gained ▁its ▁first ▁black ▁law ▁partner , ▁trial ▁lawyer ▁Vincent ▁H . ▁C ohen ▁( A pril ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁– ▁Dec . ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ), ▁who ▁was ▁of ▁J ama ican ▁her itage ; ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁firm ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ; ▁and ▁had ▁previously ▁held ▁positions ▁at ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Department ▁of ▁Justice , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Equ al ▁Emp loyment ▁O pport unity ▁Commission . ▁C ohen ' s ▁clients ▁included ▁Bell ▁Atlantic , ▁P ep co , ▁and ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post . ▁His ▁son , ▁Vincent ▁C ohen , ▁Jr ., ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁inter im ▁U . S . ▁Att orney ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁firm ▁expanded ▁to ▁Tokyo ▁and ▁Berlin . ▁The ▁firm ▁expanded ▁its ▁presence ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁when ▁it ▁acquired ▁mid - s ized ▁law ▁firm ▁Squadron , ▁Ellen off , ▁P les ent ▁& ▁She inf eld , ▁a ▁stor ied ▁New ▁York ▁City - based ▁practice |
▁with ▁strength s ▁in ▁media , ▁lit ig ation ▁and ▁First ▁Am end ment ▁law . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁mer ger , ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁was ▁the ▁oldest ▁major ▁law ▁firm ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C ., ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁global ▁firm ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 1 0 0 ▁law y ers ▁in ▁ 2 7 ▁offices ▁world wide , ▁including ▁offices ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁Latin ▁America , ▁Europe , ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁Asia . ▁ ▁Lov ells ▁ ▁Lov ells ▁trac ed ▁its ▁history ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁when ▁John ▁Lov ell ▁set ▁up ▁on ▁his ▁own ▁account ▁at ▁Oct avia ▁Hill , ▁between ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁and ▁Smith field . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁joined ▁by ▁Regin ald ▁White , ▁a ▁cl erk ▁in ▁his ▁previous ▁firm , ▁to ▁whom ▁he ▁gave ▁articles . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁they ▁were ▁joined ▁by ▁Charles ▁King , ▁forming ▁Lov ell , ▁White ▁& ▁King . ▁ ▁So on ▁after ▁formation , ▁the ▁firm ▁moved ▁to ▁Th av ies ▁Inn ▁at ▁Hol born ▁Circ us ▁and ▁later ▁to ▁Ser je ant ' s ▁Inn , ▁Fle et ▁Street , ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁ 2 1 ▁Hol born ▁Vi ad uct ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁Lov ells ▁was ▁formed ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁earlier ▁mer gers . ▁In |
▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁Lov ell , ▁White ▁& ▁King ▁merged ▁with ▁Has le wood s , ▁a ▁firm ▁with ▁a ▁much ▁longer ▁history ▁of ▁private ▁client ▁work . ▁Has le wood s ▁diverse ▁clients ▁included ▁the ▁Tre as ury ▁Sol ic itor . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁Lov ell , ▁White ▁& ▁King , ▁which ▁by ▁then ▁had ▁a ▁large ▁international ▁commercial ▁practice , ▁merged ▁with ▁D urr ant ▁P ies se , ▁known , ▁in ▁particular , ▁for ▁its ▁special ism ▁in ▁bank ing ▁and ▁financial ▁services , ▁forming ▁Lov ell ▁White ▁D urr ant . ▁ ▁It ▁then ▁changed ▁to ▁Lov ells ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁when ▁the ▁firm ▁merged ▁with ▁German ▁law ▁firm ▁Bo es eb e ck ▁Dro ste . ▁ ▁Other ▁mer gers ▁then ▁followed ▁in ▁other ▁European ▁countries ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁( de cade ). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁Lov ells ▁inv ested ▁strongly ▁in ▁China , ▁expand ing ▁is ▁office ▁in ▁Be ij ing ▁and ▁opening ▁an ▁office ▁in ▁Shang hai ▁becoming ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁foreign ▁firm ▁in ▁China . ▁ ▁Following ▁five ▁years ▁of ▁growth , ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁firm ' s ▁Madrid ▁office ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Lov ells ▁had ▁a ▁presence ▁in ▁every ▁major ▁European ▁juris diction . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Lov ells ▁opened ▁an ▁office ▁in ▁Dub ai , |
▁offering ▁legal ▁services ▁to ▁corpor ations , ▁financial ▁institutions ▁and ▁individuals ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁opened ▁an ▁office ▁in ▁H ano i . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Lov ells ▁opened ▁an ▁associated ▁office ▁in ▁R iy ad h . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁mer ger , ▁Lov ells ▁was ▁a ▁London - based ▁international ▁law ▁firm ▁with ▁over ▁ 3 0 0 ▁partners ▁and ▁around ▁ 3 , 1 5 0 ▁employees ▁operating ▁from ▁ 2 6 ▁offices ▁in ▁Europe , ▁Asia ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁ ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁and ▁Lov ells ▁announced ▁their ▁agreement ▁to ▁merge ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁was ▁officially ▁formed ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁would ▁be ▁moving ▁to ▁a ▁single ▁chairman ▁model ▁following ▁the ▁ret irement ▁of ▁John ▁Young . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁merged ▁with ▁South ▁African ▁firm ▁Rout ledge ▁Mod ise . ▁The ▁addition ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 2 0 ▁law y ers ▁in ▁the ▁Johannes burg ▁office ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁first ▁physical ▁location ▁for ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁in ▁Africa ▁although ▁the ▁firm ▁maintain s ▁a ▁presence ▁in ▁Franc oph one ▁Africa ▁through ▁its ▁Paris ▁office . ▁ |
▁Pract ice ▁▁ ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁practices ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁commercial ▁law . ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁has ▁ad vised ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁matters : ▁Ad vised ▁K od ak ▁P ension er ▁Plan ▁on ▁its ▁$ 6 5 0 m ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁the ▁personal ▁film ▁business ▁from ▁K od ak ▁Coun sel led ▁te ch - gi ant ▁D ell ▁on ▁its ▁$ 2 4 . 4 bn ▁deal ▁to ▁go ▁private ▁Ad vised ▁fashion ▁label ▁N icole ▁Far hi ▁on ▁its ▁£ 5 . 5 m ▁sale ▁to ▁business w oman ▁and ▁he ir ess , ▁Max ine ▁H arg re aves - Ad ams ▁ ▁Ad vised ▁long - standing ▁client ▁S AB M iller ▁on ▁its ▁£ 7 . 8 bn ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁Australian ▁bre wer ▁F oster ' s ▁Group ▁on ▁aspects ▁of ▁struct uring ▁the ▁bid ▁and ▁ac quisition ▁fin ance . ▁ ▁Ad vised ▁S AB M iller ▁on ▁its ▁€ 1 bn ▁Euro b ond ▁issue . ▁Ad vised ▁Apple ▁Inc . ▁on ▁its ▁$ 1 7 bn ▁( £ 1 0 . 9 bn ) ▁bond ▁issue , ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁largest ▁corpor ate ▁bond ▁offering ▁in ▁history . ▁Ass isted ▁with ▁the ▁neg ot iation ▁of ▁terms ▁with ▁Fair tra de ▁regarding ▁s our cing ▁and ▁use ▁of ▁sust ain able ▁c ocoa ▁in ▁M alt es ers ▁for ▁Mars ▁Ad vised ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁E cuador ▁in ▁the ▁neg ot iation ▁of ▁a ▁mult im ill ion - |
d ollar ▁facility ▁agreement ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁state - owned ▁television ▁and ▁radio ▁network , ▁R TV ▁E cuador ▁Ad vised ▁the ▁under writ ers ▁Bank ▁of ▁America ▁M err ill ▁Lyn ch ▁and ▁Gold man ▁Sach s ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁initial ▁public ▁offering ▁( IP O ) ▁of ▁Empire ▁State ▁Real ty ▁Trust , ▁Inc ., ▁whose ▁properties ▁include ▁among ▁others ▁Manh attan ' s ▁Empire ▁State ▁Building . ▁A cted ▁for ▁Price water house Co op ers ▁B erm uda ▁in ▁cases ▁stem ming ▁from ▁Bernard ▁M ado ff ’ s ▁Pon zi ▁schemes ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁S nap chat ▁turned ▁to ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁to ▁h ire ▁its ▁first ▁General ▁Coun sel , ▁appoint ing ▁a ▁Washington ▁DC - based ▁partner . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁power ▁management ▁sem icon duct or ▁company ▁Sem it re x ▁h ired ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁to ▁lo bb y ▁for ▁energy ▁efficiency ▁issues . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Massachusetts ▁Senate ▁Committee ▁in ▁Eth ics ▁h ired ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁to ▁lead ▁an ▁inqu iry ▁into ▁Senate ▁President ▁Stanley ▁C . ▁Ros enberg ’ s ▁conduct ▁and ▁whether ▁he ▁viol ated ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁stem ming ▁from ▁alleg ations ▁from ▁four ▁men ▁that ▁Ros enberg ’ s ▁husband , ▁Bry on ▁He f ner , ▁sex ually ▁assault ed ▁or ▁har ass ed ▁them ▁and ▁b rag ged ▁he ▁had |
▁influence ▁on ▁Senate ▁business . ▁ ▁Lob by ing ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁largest ▁lo bb ying ▁fir ms ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Before ▁the ▁mer ger , ▁by ▁re venue , ▁Hog an ▁& ▁Hart son ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁top ▁five ▁lo bb ying ▁fir ms ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Since ▁the ▁mer ger , ▁the ▁firm ▁has ▁remained ▁among ▁the ▁largest ▁lo bb ying ▁fir ms , ▁serv icing ▁$ 1 2 . 3 ▁million ▁in ▁lo bb ying ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁South ▁African ▁Re venue ▁Service ▁( S AR S ) ▁sc andal ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁was ▁inserted ▁into ▁the ▁Jon as ▁Mak w aka ▁investigation ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Z uma ▁cor ruption ▁sc andal . ▁The ▁firm ' s ▁role ▁was ▁" to ▁conduct ▁an ▁independent ▁investigation ▁into ▁alleg ations ▁against ▁Mr ▁Jon as ▁Mak w ak wa ▁and ▁M s ▁Kelly ▁Ann ▁El skie ". ▁Although ▁the ▁report ▁concluded ▁that ▁" dis cipl inary ▁action ▁should ▁be ▁taken ", ▁the ▁document ▁was ▁widely ▁seen ▁as ▁effectively ▁a ▁white w ash . ▁Other ▁international ▁fir ms ▁imp licated ▁in ▁Z uma ▁related ▁sc and als ▁have ▁included ▁K PM G ▁and ▁McK in sey . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁Professor ▁of ▁Law ▁and ▁Fin ance , ▁a ▁position ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Hog an ▁Lov ells ▁website |
▁ ▁Category : L aw ▁fir ms ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : L aw ▁fir ms ▁based ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : Int el lect ual ▁property ▁law ▁fir ms ▁Category : Pat ent ▁law ▁fir ms ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁London ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : Foreign ▁law ▁fir ms ▁with ▁offices ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Foreign ▁law ▁fir ms ▁with ▁offices ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁formed ▁by ▁mer ger <0x0A> </s> ▁Tom sen ati ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Tom sen at ī ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ram kan ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Q es hm ▁County , ▁H orm oz gan ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 2 7 , ▁in ▁ 3 8 ▁families . ▁▁ ▁The ▁village ▁suffered ▁heavily ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Q es hm ▁earth qu ake . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Q es hm ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁XXX ▁BR DC ▁International ▁Tro phy ▁was ▁a ▁motor ▁race ▁for ▁Formula ▁One ▁cars ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁at ▁the ▁Silver stone ▁Circ uit |
, ▁England . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁ 3 0 th ▁running ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Tro phy , ▁and ▁the ▁last ▁to ▁non - Ch ampion ship ▁Formula ▁One ▁reg ulations . ▁The ▁race ▁was ▁held ▁over ▁ 4 0 ▁la ps ▁of ▁the ▁Silver stone ▁circuit , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁distance ▁of ▁around ▁. ▁ ▁Although ▁qual ifying ▁sessions ▁had ▁been ▁dry , ▁the ▁race ▁was ▁run ▁in ▁tor r ential ▁rain , ▁resulting ▁in ▁multiple ▁acc idents ▁and ▁drivers ▁spin ning ▁off . ▁The ▁race ▁was ▁eventually ▁won ▁by ▁Ke ke ▁Ros berg , ▁his ▁first ▁victory ▁in ▁a ▁Formula ▁One ▁car ▁in ▁only ▁his ▁second ▁ever ▁Formula ▁One ▁race . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁* ▁Failed ▁to ▁qual ify , ▁but ▁started ▁as ▁first ▁reserve ▁driver ▁after ▁La uda ▁and ▁Arn oux ▁with d rew . ▁** ▁Start ed ▁from ▁the ▁pit ▁l ane . ▁ ▁S ources ▁BR DC ▁International ▁Tro phy ▁www . sil hou et . com ▁ ▁Category : BR DC ▁International ▁Tro phy ▁BR DC ▁International ▁Tro phy ▁BR DC <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁Occ as ional ▁Hell ▁is ▁a ▁crime ▁novel ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁writer ▁Rand all ▁Sil vis . ▁ ▁Set ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁Mon ong ah ela ▁River ▁Valley ▁below ▁Pitts burgh , ▁it ▁tells ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Ernest ▁De W alt , ▁a ▁former ▁Chicago ▁private ▁investig ator ▁and ▁successful ▁novel ist ▁who ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁college ▁professor . ▁De W alt ' s ▁new ▁life ▁is |
▁interrupted ▁when ▁a ▁phil and ering ▁colle ague , ▁Alex ▁Cat anz aro , ▁is ▁killed ▁in ▁a ▁far ml and ▁tr yst ing ▁place ▁and ▁his ▁wid ow ▁asks ▁the ▁former ▁P I ▁for ▁help . ▁It ▁was ▁made ▁into ▁a ▁film ▁st arring ▁Tom ▁Ber enger ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁crime ▁nov els ▁Category : Nov els ▁set ▁in ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁F af ah d un ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁south western ▁Ged o ▁region ▁of ▁Som alia ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁B ard era . ▁Town ▁coordinates ▁are ▁ 2 ° ▁ 1 3 ′ ▁ 0 ″ ▁N , ▁ 4 1 ° ▁ 3 7 ′ ▁ 0 ″ ▁E . ▁ ▁History ▁F af ah d un ( A f ▁So oma ali : Fa af ax d hu un ) is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁( Fa af , ▁Fa afka ▁Fa af ax d hu un ) ▁or ▁Creek ▁which ▁loop es ▁around ▁F af ah d un . ▁The ▁Creek ▁and ▁its ▁many ▁trib ut aries ▁bring ▁water ▁from ▁mountains ▁in ▁G ow ra ar ▁gra zing ▁areas ▁onto ▁the ▁flat ▁lands ▁near ▁the ▁town . ▁F af ah d un ▁is ▁famous ▁among ▁Som alis ▁as ▁having ▁great ▁numbers ▁of ▁cam el . ▁F af ah d un ▁gra zing ▁lands ▁is ▁the ▁cam el ▁capital ▁of ▁Ged o ▁Region . ▁ ▁F |
af ad h un ▁Som ali ▁Military ▁Base ▁F af ah d un ' s ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁Ken ya ' s ▁N FD ▁region ▁and ▁border ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁the ▁Som ali ▁government ▁established ▁army ▁base ▁near ▁F af ah d un . ▁From ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁to ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁F ah fah d un ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁Som alia ' s ▁ 6 3 rd ▁Army ▁Division . ▁ ▁Geography ▁and ▁habitat ▁The ▁town ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁south western ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁country , ▁near ▁El ▁W ak ▁and ▁about ▁ 8 5 ▁miles ▁west ▁of ▁B ard era . ▁ ▁A ▁dust ▁road ▁passing ▁through ▁F af ah d un ▁connect s ▁it ▁to ▁B ard era ▁and ▁other ▁areas ▁in ▁the ▁larger ▁Ged o ▁region , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁W aj ir ▁in ▁the ▁Som ali - in hab ited ▁North ▁Eastern ▁Province ▁of ▁Ken ya . ▁ ▁The ▁coun tr ys ide ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Ged o ▁region ' s ▁cam el ▁population . ▁About ▁ 5 0 km ▁west ▁of ▁F af ah d un ▁is ▁the ▁famous ▁Gel ges ha ▁Pra irie , ▁an ▁open ▁flat land ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁the ▁eye ▁can ▁see . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁ex otic ▁animals ▁found ▁in ▁this ▁pra irie ▁area ▁include ▁o str ich es , ▁or y x , ▁g |
eren u ks ▁( a ▁particular ▁kind ▁of ▁ant el ope ), ▁war th ogs , ▁and ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁bird ▁species . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁F af ah d un ' s ▁population ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁around ▁ 9 0 . 0 0 0 ▁inhabitants . ▁Re er ▁Si ya ad ▁Haw ra ars ame ▁and ▁Re er ▁Hass an ▁of ▁the ▁Mare han ▁Cl an ▁are ▁well ▁represented . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁town ' s ▁residents ▁are ▁past oral ists ▁who ▁mainly ▁raise ▁cam els . ▁ ▁References ▁F af ah d un ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Ged o <0x0A> </s> ▁V O GL ▁is ▁a ▁debugger ▁for ▁the ▁OpenGL ▁rendering ▁API ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁video ▁games . ▁V O GL ▁was ▁originally ▁written ▁at ▁R AD ▁Game ▁Tools ▁and ▁Val ve . ▁V O GL ▁is ▁free ▁and ▁open - source ▁software ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁M IT ▁License . ▁ ▁Description ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁graph ical ▁front - end ▁implementing ▁Qt 5 - based ▁GUI ▁widget s . ▁ ▁V O GL ▁was ▁initially ▁released ▁with ▁support ▁for ▁Linux ▁operating ▁systems ▁only , ▁but ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁additional ▁support ▁for ▁Microsoft ▁Windows ▁was ▁released . ▁ ▁Go als ▁included : ▁ ▁Free ▁and ▁open - source ▁ ▁Ste am ▁integration ▁ ▁V endor ▁and ▁driver ▁version ▁neutral ▁ ▁No ▁special ▁app ▁builds ▁needed ▁ ▁Frame ▁capt uring , ▁full |
▁stream ▁trac ing , ▁trace ▁trim ming ▁ ▁Opt im ized ▁re player ▁ ▁OpenGL ▁usage ▁validation ▁ ▁Reg ression ▁testing , ▁benchmark ing ▁ ▁Rob ust ▁API ▁support : ▁OpenGL ▁v 3 / 4 . x , ▁core ▁or ▁compatibility ▁context s ▁ ▁UI ▁to ▁edit ▁capt ures , ▁inspect ▁state , ▁diff ▁snap sh ots , ▁control ▁trac ing ▁ ▁V O GL per f ▁is ▁a ▁benchmark ing ▁tool ▁for ▁Linux ▁OpenGL ▁games . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁G LA VE ▁( software ) ▁ ▁Val gr ind ▁ ▁Linux ▁g aming ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁v og l ' s ▁GitHub ▁repository ▁ ▁Mov ing ▁Your ▁Games ▁to ▁OpenGL ▁From ▁ 3 3 : 4 7 ▁till ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁video ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁introduction ▁to ▁V O GL ▁ ▁Mov ing ▁Your ▁Games ▁to ▁OpenGL ▁Ste am ▁Dev ▁Days ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Pres entation ▁PDF ▁ ▁Category : Debug gers ▁Category : Free ▁software ▁Category : Free ▁software ▁program med ▁in ▁C ++ ▁Category : So ftware ▁that ▁uses ▁Qt ▁Category : Val ve ▁Corporation ▁Category : Video ▁game ▁development ▁software ▁for ▁Linux <0x0A> </s> ▁Islam ic ▁Second ary ▁School ▁Dr . ▁Ah med ▁S ma j lov ic ▁( , ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁secondary ▁school ▁( g ymnasium ) ▁situated ▁in ▁Zag reb , ▁Cro atia . ▁Islam ic ▁Second ary ▁School ▁Dr . ▁Ah med ▁S ma j lo vić ▁car ries ▁the ▁educational ▁programs ▁of ▁general ▁secondary ▁school ▁direction |
. ▁Class es ▁are ▁taught ▁in ▁Cro at ian ▁language . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁G ymnasium ▁( school ) ▁Second ary ▁Education ▁Education ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Bos nia ks ▁of ▁Cro atia ▁Islam ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Kant ak uz ina ▁Kat arina ▁B rank ović ▁Ser bian ▁Orth odox ▁Second ary ▁School ▁Italian ▁Second ary ▁School ▁in ▁R ije ka ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : I sl am ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Category : E ducation ▁in ▁Zag reb ▁Category : Second ary ▁schools ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Category : Min or ity ▁schools ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Category : Private ▁schools ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Category : I sl am ic ▁secondary ▁schools ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : I sl am ic ▁schools ▁Category : I sl am ic ▁education ▁Category : B os nia ks ▁of ▁Cro atia ▁Category : G ymnas iums ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁schools ▁in ▁Cro atia <0x0A> </s> ▁L ance ▁is ▁a ▁fict ional ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁franch ise ▁Vol tr on ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Vol tr on ▁Force ▁who ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Vol tr on . ▁ ▁Vol tr on ▁Def ender ▁of ▁the ▁Un iverse ▁ ▁L ance ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁expl or atory ▁team , ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁Gal axy ▁Alliance ▁and ▁led ▁by ▁Keith , ▁that ▁were ▁kid n apped ▁by ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁Planet ▁Do om . ▁ ▁After |
▁he ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁escaped ▁Planet ▁Do om , ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁Castle ▁of ▁L ions ▁on ▁Planet ▁Ar us , ▁where ▁they ▁met ▁Princess ▁All ura ▁and ▁Cor an ▁and ▁were ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁Vol tr on ▁Force . ▁ ▁Vol tr on ▁Force ▁ ▁L ance ▁is ▁a ▁flight ▁instruct or ▁in ▁the ▁Gal axy ▁G arrison ▁flight ▁Academy . ▁He ▁uses ▁Daniel ▁and ▁V ince ▁to ▁ste al ▁the ▁Lion ▁keys ▁from ▁Sky ▁Marshall ▁W ade . ▁L ance ' s ▁weapons ▁are ▁heat ▁f ists ▁and ▁dual ▁p ist ols . ▁ ▁Vol tr on ▁Leg end ary ▁Def ender ▁ ▁In ▁Vol tr on : ▁Leg end ary ▁Def ender ▁is ▁made ▁of ▁Cub an ▁descent . ▁He ▁evol ves ▁and ▁m atures ▁as ▁a ▁character . ▁L ance ▁is ▁Jo aqu im ▁D os ▁Santos ' ▁favorite ▁character . ▁ ▁Comics ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Dev il ' s ▁Due ▁com ics ▁the ▁L ance ▁character ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁L ance ▁Charles ▁McC lain . ▁The ▁com ic ▁book ▁version ▁of ▁L ance ▁dep ict s ▁him ▁as ▁ 2 4 ▁with ▁a ▁criminal ▁record . ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁life , ▁L ance ▁grew ▁up ▁as ▁an ▁ad oles cent ▁dare dev il ▁and ▁drag - rac er . ▁His ▁life ▁changed ▁forever ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁gift ▁certificate ▁for ▁ 1 0 ▁free ▁flying ▁less ons ▁in ▁a ▁radio ▁contest . ▁These ▁less ons ▁displayed ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁natural |
▁talent ▁for ▁flying . ▁At ▁age ▁ 1 8 , ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁n avy , ▁and ▁flying ▁became ▁his ▁ob session , ▁but ▁his ▁hot - head ed ness ▁land ed ▁him ▁in ▁deep ▁water ▁when ▁his ▁jet star ▁bu zz ed ▁the ▁pent house ▁of ▁a ▁v ind ict ive ▁sen ator . ▁Three ▁months ▁into ▁his ▁five - year ▁sentence ▁in ▁a ▁military ▁prison , ▁L ance ▁was ▁approached ▁by ▁Colonel ▁Haw kins ▁to ▁join ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁out cast s ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁the ▁legend ary ▁robot ▁Vol tr on ▁on ▁the ▁distant ▁planet ▁Ar us . ▁The ▁com ic ▁book ▁version ▁of ▁L ance ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁catch phr ase ▁of ▁exc laim ing ▁" hol y ▁c ats ! ", ▁or ▁sometimes ▁" ho - le ee e ▁c ats ! ". ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁The ▁character ▁has ▁had ▁a ▁mostly ▁positive ▁reception . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T ele vision ▁characters ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Category : F ict ional ▁Cub an ▁people ▁Category : F ict ional ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁train ers ▁Category : Vol tr on ▁Category : F ict ional ▁military ▁personnel <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch ia pan ec ▁is ▁a ▁pres umably ▁ext inct ▁ind igen ous ▁Mexican ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁O to - M ang ue an ▁language ▁family . ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁census ▁reported ▁ 1 7 ▁speak ers ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁in ▁southern ▁Ch ia pas ▁out ▁of ▁an ▁eth nic ▁population |
▁of ▁ 3 2 , ▁but ▁later ▁investig ations ▁failed ▁to ▁find ▁any ▁speak ers . ▁ ▁There ▁are , ▁however , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁written ▁sources ▁on ▁the ▁language . ▁ ▁V oc ab ular ies ▁and ▁gr amm ars ▁based ▁on ▁these ▁materials ▁include ▁Agu ilar ▁Pen ag os ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁and ▁Car pio - P en ag os ▁and ▁Ál vare z - V áz quez ▁( 2 0 1 4 ). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁Mang ue . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Agu ilar ▁Pen ag os , ▁Mario . ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁" G ram ática ▁de ▁la ▁leng ua ▁ch ia pan eca ." ▁México : ▁F ON CA - CON AC ULT A ▁ 2 1 ▁. ▁del ▁Car pio - P en ag os , ▁Carlos ▁U riel , ▁and ▁Juan ▁Ram ón ▁Ál vare z - V áz quez . ▁( 2 0 1 4 )" V oc ab ul ary ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ia pan eca ▁Language ▁from ▁the ▁Late ▁ 1 8 th ▁Century ." Re v ista ▁Lim ina R . ▁Est ud ios ▁Social es ▁y ▁Human íst icos ▁ 1 2 . 1 ▁. ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Chor ot ega ▁Category : Ext inct ▁languages ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : M eso amer ican ▁languages ▁Category : L anguages ▁ext inct ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s <0x0A> </s> ▁Pr al ine ▁( ; ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁C |
aj un , ▁and ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁con fection ▁containing ▁at ▁a ▁minimum ▁cul inary ▁n uts ▁and ▁sugar ; ▁cre am ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁third ▁ing red ient . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁main ▁types : ▁ ▁Belg ian ▁pr al ines , ▁which ▁consist ▁of ▁a ▁ch oc olate ▁shell ▁with ▁a ▁so fter , ▁sometimes ▁liquid , ▁filling , ▁tradition ally ▁made ▁of ▁different ▁combinations ▁of ▁ha z eln ut , ▁al mond s , ▁sugar , ▁sy rup , ▁and ▁often ▁milk - based ▁past es . ▁ ▁These ▁high - f at , ▁low - mel ting ▁point ▁ch oc ol ates ▁are ▁at ▁the ▁lux ury ▁end ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc olate ▁and ▁represent ▁an ▁important ▁product ▁of ▁many ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc ol ati ers . ▁ ▁French ▁pr al ines , ▁a ▁firm ▁combination ▁of ▁al mond s ▁and ▁car am el ized ▁sugar . ▁ ▁American ▁pr al ines , ▁a ▁so fter , ▁cre am ier ▁combination ▁of ▁sy rup ▁and ▁pec ans , ▁ha z eln uts ▁or ▁al mond s ▁with ▁milk ▁or ▁cre am , ▁res emb ling ▁f ud ge . ▁ ▁A ▁pr al ine ▁cookie ▁is ▁a ▁ch oc olate ▁bis c uit ▁containing ▁ground ▁n uts . ▁Pr al ine ▁is ▁usually ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁filling ▁in ▁ch oc ol ates ▁or ▁other ▁swe ets . ▁ ▁Vari eties ▁ ▁European ▁nut ▁pr al ines ▁▁ ▁Pr al ine ▁may ▁have ▁originally ▁been |
▁inspired ▁in ▁France ▁by ▁the ▁cook ▁of ▁Marsh al ▁du ▁Pl ess is - P ras lin ▁( 1 5 9 8 – 1 6 7 5 ), ▁with ▁the ▁word ▁pr al ine ▁der iving ▁from ▁the ▁name ▁Pr as lin . ▁Early ▁pr al ines ▁were ▁whole ▁al mond s ▁individually ▁co ated ▁in ▁car am el ized ▁sugar , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁dark ▁n oug at , ▁where ▁a ▁sheet ▁of ▁car am el ized ▁sugar ▁covers ▁many ▁n uts . ▁Although ▁the ▁New ▁World ▁had ▁been ▁discovered ▁and ▁settled ▁by ▁this ▁time , ▁ch oc olate - produ cing ▁c ocoa ▁from ▁there ▁was ▁originally ▁not ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁term . ▁ ▁The ▁European ▁che fs ▁used ▁local ▁n uts ▁such ▁as ▁al mond s ▁and ▁ha z eln uts . ▁ ▁The ▁pow der ▁made ▁by ▁gr inding ▁up ▁such ▁car am el - co ated ▁n uts ▁is ▁called ▁pr alin , ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁ing red ient ▁in ▁many ▁c akes , ▁past ries , ▁and ▁ice ▁cre ams . ▁After ▁this ▁pow der ▁has ▁been ▁mixed ▁with ▁ch oc olate , ▁it ▁becomes ▁pr al iné ▁in ▁French , ▁which ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁known ▁in ▁French ▁as ▁ch oc ol at ▁pr al iné . ▁The ▁word ▁pr al iné ▁is ▁used ▁col lo qu ial ly ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁Switzerland ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁these ▁various ▁cent res ▁co ated ▁with ▁ch oc olate , ▁known ▁simply ▁as ▁" ch oc ol ates |
" ▁in ▁English . ▁In ▁main land ▁Europe , ▁the ▁word ▁pr al ine ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁to ▁mean ▁either ▁this ▁nut ▁pow der ▁or ▁the ▁ch oc olate ▁paste ▁made ▁from ▁it , ▁which ▁is ▁widely ▁used ▁to ▁fill ▁ch oc ol ates , ▁hence ▁its ▁use ▁in ▁Germany , ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Belg ium ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁filled ▁ch oc ol ates ▁in ▁general . ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁the ▁term ▁can ▁refer ▁either ▁to ▁pr al ine ▁( the ▁filling ▁for ▁ch oc ol ates ) ▁or , ▁less ▁commonly , ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁whole - nut ▁pr al ines . ▁ ▁Belg ian ▁soft - cent re ▁pr al ines ▁ ▁Pr al ines ▁from ▁Belg ium ▁are ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁"( soft - center ) ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc ol ates ", ▁" Bel g ian ▁ch oc olate ▁fond ants " ▁and ▁ ▁" ch oc olate ▁bon b ons " ▁in ▁English - spe aking ▁countries ▁— ▁cases ▁of ▁ch oc olate ▁( if ▁from ▁Belg ium ▁usually ▁a ▁quality , ▁brand ed ▁lower - mel ting ▁point ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc olate ) ▁filled ▁with ▁a ▁soft ▁centre . ▁They ▁were ▁first ▁introduced ▁by ▁Jean ▁Neu haus ▁II , ▁a ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc ol at ier , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁ ▁There ▁have ▁always ▁been ▁many ▁types ▁and ▁shapes : ▁nearly ▁always ▁containing ▁a ▁ch oc olate ▁shell ▁with ▁a ▁so fter ▁filling . ▁Conf |
usion ▁can ▁arise ▁over ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁word ▁pr al ine ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁as ▁it ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁filled ▁ch oc ol ates ▁in ▁general ▁known ▁as ▁pr al ines ▁ ▁and ▁it ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to ▁a ▁traditional ▁pr al ine ▁filling ▁common ▁in ▁Europe ▁( car am el ised ▁ha z eln uts ▁( no is ettes ) ▁or ▁al mond s ▁( am and es ) ▁ground ▁into ▁a ▁paste , ▁sometimes ▁with ▁whe y ▁pow der , ▁cond ensed ▁milk ▁or ▁cre am ) ▁described ▁as ▁pr al iné ▁. ▁Belg ian ▁ch oc ol ates ▁( pr al ines ) ▁are ▁not ▁limited ▁to ▁the ▁traditional ▁pr al iné ▁filling ▁and ▁often ▁include ▁n uts , ▁mar zip an , ▁salt ed ▁car am el , ▁coffee , ▁a ▁spirit , ▁cre am ▁li que ur , ▁cher ry ▁or ▁a ▁ch oc olate ▁bl end ▁that ▁contrast s ▁with ▁the ▁outer ▁shell . ▁They ▁are ▁often ▁sold ▁in ▁st yl ised ▁boxes ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁gift ▁box . ▁The ▁largest ▁manufact ur ers ▁are ▁Neu haus , ▁God iva , ▁Leon idas , ▁and ▁Guy li an . ▁ ▁American ▁cre am - based ▁pr al ines ▁ ▁French ▁sett lers ▁brought ▁the ▁reci pe ▁to ▁Louisiana , ▁where ▁both ▁sugar ▁can e ▁and ▁pec an ▁trees ▁were ▁pl ent iful . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁New ▁Orleans ▁che fs ▁subst it uted ▁pec ans ▁for ▁al mond |
s , ▁added ▁cre am ▁to ▁thick en ▁the ▁con fection , ▁and ▁thus ▁created ▁what ▁became ▁known ▁throughout ▁the ▁American ▁South ▁as ▁the ▁pr al ine . ▁ ▁Pr al ines ▁have ▁a ▁cre amy ▁consist ency , ▁similar ▁to ▁f ud ge . ▁They ▁are ▁usually ▁made ▁by ▁combining ▁sugar ▁( o ften ▁brown ), ▁but ter , ▁cre am ▁or ▁but term il k , ▁and ▁pec ans ▁in ▁a ▁pot ▁over ▁medium - high ▁heat , ▁and ▁stir ring ▁constantly ▁until ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁water ▁has ▁ev apor ated ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁reached ▁a ▁thick ▁texture ▁with ▁a ▁brown ▁color . ▁This ▁is ▁then ▁usually ▁dropped ▁by ▁sp oon ful s ▁onto ▁w ax ▁paper ▁or ▁a ▁sheet ▁of ▁al umin um ▁fo il ▁gre ased ▁with ▁but ter , ▁and ▁left ▁to ▁cool . ▁ ▁" P ral ines ▁and ▁C ream " ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁ice ▁cre am ▁flav or ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada . ▁In ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Ac ad iana , ▁and ▁Bat on ▁Rou ge , ▁Louisiana , ▁pr al ines ▁are ▁sometimes ▁called ▁" pe can ▁c andy ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Bon bon ▁ ▁Brit t le ▁( fo od ) ▁ ▁Ch ik ki ▁ ▁Gi and u ja ▁( ch oc olate ) ▁ ▁Pen uche ▁ ▁Sc ots ▁table t ▁ ▁Bak lava ▁ ▁Q ott ab ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Al mond s ▁Category : Bel g ian ▁cu is ine ▁Category : Ch |
oc olate ▁Category : Con fection ery ▁Category : C uis ine ▁of ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Category : F rench ▁cu is ine <0x0A> </s> ▁U j j ain ▁U tt ar ▁Vid han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 3 0 ▁Vid han ▁Sab ha ▁( Leg isl ative ▁Assembly ) ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁state ▁in ▁central ▁India . ▁This ▁constitu ency ▁came ▁into ▁existence ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 9 ▁Vid han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁the ▁erst while ▁Mad h ya ▁B har at ▁state . ▁ ▁Over view ▁▁ ▁U j j ain ▁U tt ar ▁( const itu ency ▁number ▁ 2 3 1 ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 ▁Vid han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu encies ▁located ▁in ▁U j j ain ▁district . ▁This ▁constitu ency ▁covers ▁the ▁w ard ▁numbers ▁ 1 ▁to ▁ 3 2 , ▁ 3 4 ▁and ▁to ▁ 3 5 ▁of ▁the ▁U j j ain ▁Municipal ▁Corporation . ▁U j j ain ▁U tt ar ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁U j j ain ▁( L ok ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ) ▁along ▁with ▁seven ▁other ▁Vid han ▁Sab ha ▁segments ▁covers ▁the ▁entire ▁U j j ain ▁district ▁and ▁part ▁of ▁Rat lam ▁district . ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 7 : ▁Raj dan ▁K umar ▁K ish ori , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁▁ 1 9 6 |
2 : ▁Abd ul ▁Gay y ur ▁Q ures hi , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 : ▁M ▁Jos hi , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Sang h ▁▁ 1 9 7 2 : ▁P rak ash ▁Ch and ▁S eth i , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 : ▁Bab ul al ▁J ain , ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 1 9 8 0 : ▁Raj ender ▁J ain , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁( Ind ira ) ▁▁ 1 9 8 5 : ▁Bat uk ▁Sh ank er ▁Jos hi , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 1 9 9 3 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 1 9 9 8 : ▁Raj endra ▁Bh art i , ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 : ▁Par as ▁Ch andra ▁J ain , ▁B har ati ya ▁Jan ata ▁Party ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁U j j ain ▁ ▁U j j ain ▁( L ok ▁Sab ha |
▁constitu ency ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : U j j ain ▁Category : Assembly ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁U j j ain <0x0A> </s> ▁Susan ▁Part ridge ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁long - distance ▁runner ▁ ▁Susan ▁Part ridge ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Susan ▁Part ridge ▁( ten nis ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 0 ), ▁British ▁tennis ▁player ▁who ▁was ▁for ▁some ▁time ▁married ▁to ▁Philippe ▁Ch at rier ▁ ▁Susan ▁Part ridge , ▁a ▁character ▁played ▁by ▁Am anda ▁Don oh oe ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁Foreign ▁Body <0x0A> </s> ▁Spect ra ▁is ▁a ▁professional ▁association ▁of ▁L GB T ▁mathemat icians . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁association ▁has ▁its ▁roots ▁in ▁meet ups ▁arranged ▁at ▁the ▁J oint ▁Mathemat ics ▁Me et ings ▁( J MM ) ▁and ▁a ▁ma iling ▁list ▁organized ▁by ▁Ron ▁Buck m ire . ▁The ▁association ' s ▁name ▁was ▁co ined ▁by ▁Robert ▁Bry ant ▁and ▁Mike ▁Hill ▁and ▁references ▁the ▁mathematical ▁concept ▁of ▁a ▁spectrum ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁rain bow ▁flag . ▁Its ▁first ▁official ▁activity ▁was ▁a ▁panel ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁J MM ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁" Out ▁in ▁Mathemat ics : ▁L GB T Q ▁Mathemat icians ▁in ▁the ▁Work place ." ▁ ▁The ▁Spect ra ▁board ▁includes ▁many ▁prominent ▁mathemat icians , ▁including ▁Bry ant , ▁Buck m ire , ▁Moon ▁Duch in , |
▁Doug ▁Lind , ▁and ▁Em ily ▁R ie hl . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pro f essional ▁associations ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Math emat ical ▁soci eties <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁W om els dorf ▁Historic ▁District ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁historic ▁district ▁located ▁in ▁W om els dorf , ▁Ber ks ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁En comp ass ing ▁ 7 0 , 5 2 3 ▁acres , ▁this ▁district ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁ 2 3 7 ▁contrib uting ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁bor ough ▁of ▁W om els dorf . ▁These ▁resident ial ▁and ▁commercial ▁buildings ▁were ▁constructed ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁architect ural ▁styles , ▁including ▁Queen ▁Anne , ▁Italian ate , ▁and ▁Georg ian . ▁ ▁History ▁Between ▁ 1 7 2 3 ▁and ▁ 1 7 2 9 , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁imm igr ants ▁from ▁Germany ▁who ▁had ▁initially ▁made ▁their ▁homes ▁in ▁New ▁York ' s ▁Sch oh arie ▁region , ▁re located ▁to ▁Ber ks ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁Opt ing ▁to ▁sett le ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Tul pe ho cken ▁Valley ▁( a ▁name ▁which ▁meant ▁" Land ▁of ▁T urt les " ▁in ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁area ' s ▁Native ▁American ▁residents ), ▁they ▁became ▁citizens ▁of ▁Middle ▁Town ▁when ▁their ▁community ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁such ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 2 ▁by ▁John ▁W om els dorf . |
▁The ▁town ' s ▁name ▁was ▁chosen ▁by ▁W om els dorf ▁as ▁he ▁laid ▁out ▁the ▁town ▁because ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁located ▁roughly ▁half way ▁between ▁Reading ▁and ▁Leb anon . ▁The ▁first ▁house ▁was ▁built ▁that ▁same ▁year ▁( 1 7 6 2 ) ▁by ▁Jacob ▁S elt zer . ▁Later ▁converted ▁into ▁the ▁ta vern ▁known ▁as ▁St ouch ' s ▁Ta vern , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁oldest ▁ta vern ▁operating ▁in ▁the ▁county ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁historian ▁Mort on ▁L . ▁Mont gom ery ▁wrote ▁his ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁book , ▁Historical ▁and ▁Bi ographical ▁Ann als ▁of ▁Ber ks ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁and ▁was ▁still ▁in ▁operation ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Within ▁a ▁few ▁years , ▁the ▁town ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁way point ▁for ▁travel ers ▁making ▁their ▁way ▁not ▁just ▁between ▁Leb anon ▁and ▁Reading , ▁but ▁to ▁other ▁larger ▁cities ▁across ▁and ▁beyond ▁the ▁Ke yst one ▁State . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 4 , ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁W om els dorf ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁John ▁W om els dorf . ▁As ▁the ▁town ' s ▁population ▁and ▁popular ity ▁as ▁a ▁place ▁of ▁resp ite ▁for ▁we ary ▁travel ers ▁continued ▁to ▁grow , ▁the ▁town ▁also ▁became ▁a ▁center ▁of ▁commerce , ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁gr ist ▁mill s , ▁the ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁w ool ▁h ats , ▁hos ier y ▁and , ▁most |
▁not ably ▁between ▁ 1 8 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁as ▁a ▁center ▁for ▁cig ar ▁manufact uring . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 7 9 3 , ▁George ▁Washington , ▁America ' s ▁first ▁president , ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁W om els dorf ▁to ▁inspect ▁the ▁progress ▁being ▁made ▁on ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁Union ▁Canal . ▁During ▁his ▁visit , ▁he ▁stayed ▁in ▁town ▁at ▁St ouch ' s ▁Ta vern . ▁By ▁ 1 8 3 3 , ▁when ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁officially ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁a ▁bor ough , ▁the ▁population ▁number ed ▁ 7 5 0 . ▁ ▁Pl anning ▁and ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁district ▁In ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁their ▁application ▁for ▁historic ▁district ▁status , ▁pl ann ers ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁boundaries ▁of ▁their ▁new ▁W om els dorf ▁Historic ▁District ▁be ▁" dra wn ▁to ▁include ▁structures ▁of ▁architect ural ▁or ▁historic ▁significance , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁lots ▁upon ▁which ▁th [ o ] se ▁structures ▁[ stood ] ." ▁They ▁also ▁included ▁gard ens , ▁gar ages , ▁la wn s , ▁and ▁old ▁sh eds ▁which ▁existed ▁on ▁the ▁significant ▁properties ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁W om els dorf ▁Historic ▁District ▁was ▁then ▁officially ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Later ▁history ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Census ▁was ▁conducted ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the |
▁population ▁had ▁clim bed ▁to ▁ 2 , 5 9 9 . ▁ ▁Notable ▁buildings ▁The ▁W om els dorf ▁Historic ▁District ▁is ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁ 2 3 7 ▁buildings . ▁These ▁resident ial ▁and ▁commercial ▁structures ▁were ▁built ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁architect ural ▁styles , ▁including ▁Queen ▁Anne , ▁Italian ate , ▁and ▁Georg ian . ▁ ▁Notable ▁non - res ident ial ▁buildings ▁include ▁St ouch ' s ▁Ta vern ▁( c . ▁ 1 7 8 5 ), ▁William ▁P enn ▁Hotel ▁( 1 8 6 6 ), ▁Con rad ▁We iser ▁Inn ▁( 1 8 9 7 ), ▁and ▁Brook lyn ▁Hotel ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 7 7 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Que en ▁Anne ▁architecture ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Ital ian ate ▁architecture ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Ge org ian ▁architecture ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁in ▁Ber ks ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Ber ks ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁My ▁Cat ▁Is ▁An ▁Ali en ▁( M CI AA ) ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁musical ▁du o ▁and ▁out s ider ▁audi ovis ual ▁artists ▁consisting ▁of ▁brothers ▁Maur izio ▁and ▁Roberto ▁Op al io , ▁formed ▁in ▁Tor ino , ▁Italy , ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁They ▁release ▁avant ▁gar de ▁/ ▁experimental ▁music ▁in ▁a ▁peculiar ▁form ▁of |
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