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ash ire ▁County ▁Council . ▁During ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War , ▁Reyn olds ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁lieutenant - col onel ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Corps . ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁university ▁as ▁emer it us ▁professor . ▁ ▁Reyn olds ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁identify ▁dangerous ▁levels ▁of ▁ar sen ic ▁in ▁be er ▁bre wed ▁in ▁the ▁Manchester ▁area , ▁which ▁he ▁revealed ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁paper ▁for ▁the ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal ▁titled ▁" An ▁Ep ide mic ▁of ▁Per i pher al ▁Ne ur itis ▁Among st ▁Be er ▁Dr ink ers ▁in ▁Manchester ▁and ▁District ", ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁papers ▁on ▁the ▁subject . ▁The ▁discovery ▁caused ▁a ▁national ▁sens ation . ▁The ▁conclusion ▁did ▁not ▁come ▁easily , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁many ▁conf ounding ▁factors . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁he ▁co - author ed ▁along ▁with ▁Ron ald ▁Ross , ▁an ▁article ▁demonstr ating ▁a ▁similarity ▁between ▁ber iber i ▁and ▁alco hol ic ▁neur itis , ▁and ▁" it ▁seemed ▁that ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁ber iber i ▁cases ▁might ▁also ▁be ▁due ▁to ▁ar sen ic ▁poison ing ". ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁w ides p read ▁discussion ▁among ▁tropical ▁disease ▁exper ts ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁the ▁ne urop ath ies ▁seen ▁were ▁due ▁to ▁ber iber i . ▁ ▁Descri bed ▁as ▁private ▁and ▁even ▁extern ally ▁cool , ▁Reyn olds ▁could ▁be ▁passion ate ▁about ▁causes ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁believed ▁strongly |
. ▁Among ▁these ▁were ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁phys icians ▁not ▁to ▁rely ▁too ▁much ▁on ▁technology ▁at ▁the ▁exp ense ▁of ▁close ▁observation ▁of ▁the ▁patient ▁at ▁the ▁bed side ▁when ▁making ▁a ▁diagn osis , ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁In sur ance ▁Act ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁to ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁veh ement ly ▁opposed ▁and ▁against ▁which ▁he ▁spoke ▁at ▁a ▁public ▁r ally . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁Reyn olds ▁gave ▁his ▁president ial ▁lecture ▁for ▁the ▁section ▁of ▁ne uro log y ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁Medicine ▁on ▁the ▁causes ▁of ▁nerv ous ▁dise ases , ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁classification ▁he ▁had ▁proposed ▁in ▁his ▁Brad sh aw ▁L ect ure ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁Reyn olds ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁from ▁" ac ute ▁influen z al ▁p neum onia ". ▁He ▁received ▁an ▁ob itu ary ▁of ▁over ▁two ▁pages ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal ▁and ▁is ▁profile d ▁in ▁M unk ' s ▁Roll . ▁He ▁left ▁an ▁estate ▁of ▁£ 3 0 , 1 8 3 ▁with ▁prob ate ▁being ▁granted ▁to ▁his ▁wid ow , ▁his ▁solic itor , ▁and ▁Arch ib ald ▁Donald , ▁consult ing ▁sur geon ▁at ▁the ▁M RI . ▁ ▁Selected ▁publications ▁ ▁A ▁Pr imer ▁of ▁H yg iene . ▁Mac mill an , ▁London , ▁ 1 8 9 4 . ▁ ▁H yg iene ▁for ▁Begin |
ners . ▁Mac mill an , ▁London , ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁ ▁" An ▁Ep ide mic ▁of ▁Per i pher al ▁Ne ur itis ▁Among st ▁Be er ▁Dr ink ers ▁in ▁Manchester ▁and ▁District ", ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal , ▁ 2 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁pp . 1 4 9 2 – 1 4 9 3 . ▁ ▁" The ▁Ep ide mic ▁of ▁Per i pher al ▁Ne ur itis ▁trac ed ▁to ▁ar sen ical ▁cont am ination ▁of ▁be er - making ▁materials ", ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal , ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁pp . 1 5 8 7 – 1 5 9 4 . ▁ ▁" F ur ther ▁observations ▁on ▁ep ide mic ▁ar sen ical ▁peri pher al ▁neur itis ", ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal , ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁pp . 1 7 6 9 – 1 7 7 1 . ▁ ▁" B rad sh aw ▁L ect ure ▁on ▁the ▁C aus es ▁of ▁D ise ase ", ▁The ▁Lanc et , ▁Vol . ▁ 1 9 0 , ▁No . ▁ 4 9 1 5 ▁( 1 0 ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 7 ), ▁pp . ▁ 7 0 3 – 7 0 9 . ▁ ▁" C aus es ▁of ▁N erv ous ▁D ise ases ", ▁The ▁Lanc et , ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 |
. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁English ▁be er ▁poison ing ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁death s ▁Category : Phys icians ▁of ▁the ▁Manchester ▁Royal ▁Inf irm ary ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Phys icians ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁influen za ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁p neum onia ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Manchester ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Corps ▁officers ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁London ▁Category : English ▁medical ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Eu pha ed ra ▁bar n si ▁is ▁a ▁but ter fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁N ym phal idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo ▁( K iv u ) ▁and ▁R w anda . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁bar n si <0x0A> </s> ▁Te ph rit is ▁pra ec ox ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Te ph rit idae ▁found ▁across ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁adult ▁fly ▁is ▁grey - b rown ▁in ▁colour ▁with ▁a ▁wing ▁length ▁meas uring ▁between ▁ 1 . 8 – 3 . 2 mm . ▁The ▁wings ▁are ▁h yal ine ▁and ▁distinct ively ▁marked ▁between ▁different ▁species ▁of ▁this ▁genus . |
▁ ▁Bi ology ▁T . ▁pra ec ox ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁several ▁host ▁plants ▁including ▁Cal end ula ▁ar v ensis , ▁Ch rys anth em um ▁sp ., ▁Fil ago ▁gall ica , ▁and ▁S ene cio . ▁When ▁m ating , ▁male ▁f lies ▁wait ▁near ▁the ▁capit ul um ▁of ▁their ▁chosen ▁flower ▁bud . ▁When ▁a ▁female ▁appears ▁they ▁begin ▁a ▁m ating ▁dance ▁during ▁which ▁the ▁male ▁holds ▁his ▁wings ▁flat ▁and ▁then ▁opens ▁them ▁altern ately . ▁The ▁lar va e ▁develop s ▁in ▁the ▁seed ▁head . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁T . ▁pra ec ox ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁across ▁central ▁and ▁western ▁Europe .. ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁noted ▁from ▁Britain ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁female ▁found ▁in ▁Su ff olk ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 .. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Te ph rit inae ▁Category : D ip tera ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Hermann ▁Lo ew <0x0A> </s> ▁D mit ry ▁Ivan ov ich ▁I lov ay sky ▁( ; ▁February ▁ 1 1 / 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 3 2 , ▁Ran enburg ▁- ▁February ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 2 0 ) ▁was ▁an ▁anti - N orm an ist ▁Russian ▁historian ▁who ▁p enn ed ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁standard ▁history ▁text books . ▁ ▁I lov ay sky ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Moscow ▁University |
▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁and ▁first ▁attract ed ▁critical ▁attention ▁with ▁his ▁th esis ▁on ▁the ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁Ry az an ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁wounded ▁during ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁P lev na , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁took ▁an ▁active ▁part . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s , ▁I lov ay sky ▁started ▁publishing ▁his ▁extensive ▁over view ▁of ▁Russian ▁history . ▁In ▁his ▁later ▁writ ings , ▁he ▁exp ounded ▁a ▁controvers ial ▁ ▁hypothesis ▁of ▁Az ov ▁Rus , ▁which ▁was ▁alleg ed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁centered ▁on ▁S ark el ▁and ▁T mut ar ak an . ▁ ▁I lov ay sky ▁was ▁the ▁father - in - law ▁of ▁Ivan ▁T sv eta ev , ▁who ▁founded ▁the ▁P ush kin ▁Museum ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts . ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Chap ly gin ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ry az an ▁Governor ate ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Assembly ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁People ▁Category : Im per ial ▁Russian ▁histor ians ▁Category : Im per ial ▁Russian ▁journal ists ▁Category : Russ ian ▁male ▁journal ists ▁Category : Im per ial ▁Russian ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : M osc ow ▁State ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : H istor ians ▁of ▁Russia <0x0A> </s> ▁Mac ro gl os sum |
▁pal aw ana ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁family ▁S ph ing idae . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁the ▁ ▁Philippines ▁( Pal aw an ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Mac ro gl os sum ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria , ▁the ▁ind ist inct ▁car pet , ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ge omet r idae . ▁The ▁species ▁was ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁Francis ▁Walker ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁India , ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁and ▁on ▁Pen ins ular ▁Malays ia , ▁Bor neo , ▁Java ▁and ▁possibly ▁the ▁Philippines ▁and ▁Sul aw esi . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁about ▁ 2 8 mm ▁in ▁the ▁male ▁and ▁ 3 4 mm ▁in ▁the ▁female . ▁Body ▁very ▁pale ▁brown ▁with ▁r uf ous , ▁fus c ous , ▁and ▁sil very ▁scal y ▁ir ror ations ▁( spe ck les ). ▁Fore w ings ▁with ▁four ▁lines ▁between ▁the ▁base ▁and ▁middle , ▁very ▁highly ▁ang led ▁below ▁costa , ▁and ▁dark , ▁then ▁r uf ous ▁and ▁ob lique ▁to ▁inner ▁margin . ▁A ▁large ▁fus c ous ▁and ▁r uf ous ▁patch ▁found ▁beyond ▁the ▁cell ▁bounded ▁by ▁the ▁double ▁post med ial ▁line , ▁which ▁is ▁ang led ▁beyond ▁the ▁cell , ▁then ▁in cur ved ▁to ▁inner ▁margin , ▁and ▁with ▁an ▁ind |
ist inct ▁dent ate ▁line ▁beyond ▁it . ▁A ▁r uf ous ▁and ▁fus c ous ▁patch ▁on ▁the ▁margin ▁below ▁a pe x . ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁ind ist inct ▁almost ▁straight , ▁pale ▁subm arg inal ▁line . ▁H ind w ings ▁with ▁traces ▁of ▁numerous ▁w aved ▁lines . ▁A ▁sub - bas al ▁dark ▁band ▁and ▁a ▁post med ial ▁r uf ous ▁line ▁ang led ▁found ▁beyond ▁cell . ▁It ▁compr ised ▁with ▁dark ▁marks ▁inside ▁it ▁from ▁ve in ▁ 4 ▁to ▁inner ▁margin . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁b ali ensis ▁Pr out , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁flor ensis ▁Pr out , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁k ans hire i ensis ▁Pr out , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁k has i ensis ▁Pr out , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁rub rid is ca ▁Ham pson , ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁Z ir id ava ▁x y lin aria ▁sub a equ ata ▁Pr out , ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁Category : E up it he ci ini <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag on ▁( Phys ign ath us ▁c oc inc inus ) ▁is |
▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ag am id ▁l izard ▁native ▁to ▁China ▁and ▁main land ▁S out heast ▁Asia . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Asian ▁water ▁drag on , ▁Th ai ▁water ▁drag on , ▁and ▁green ▁water ▁drag on . ▁ ▁Description ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag ons ▁can ▁grow ▁up ▁to ▁ ▁in ▁total ▁length , ▁including ▁tail , ▁and ▁can ▁live ▁from ▁ 1 0 ▁to ▁ 1 5 ▁years . ▁Color ation ▁ranges ▁from ▁dark ▁to ▁light ▁green , ▁or ▁sometimes ▁pur ple ▁with ▁an ▁orange ▁st om ach . ▁Di ag onal ▁stri pes ▁of ▁green ▁or ▁tur qu o ise ▁are ▁found ▁on ▁the ▁body , ▁while ▁the ▁tail ▁is ▁band ed ▁from ▁the ▁middle ▁to ▁the ▁end ▁with ▁green ▁and ▁white . ▁Their ▁unders ides ▁range ▁from ▁white , ▁off ▁white , ▁very ▁pale ▁green , ▁or ▁pale ▁yellow . ▁ ▁But ▁their ▁thro ats ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁attract ive , ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁quite ▁color ful ▁( blue ▁and ▁pur ple , ▁or ▁pe ach ), ▁some ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁color , ▁some ▁with ▁stri pes . ▁Ad ult ▁males ▁have ▁larger , ▁more ▁tri angular ▁heads ▁than ▁females , ▁and ▁develop ▁larger ▁cr ests ▁on ▁the ▁head , ▁neck ▁and ▁tail , ▁and ▁are ▁larger ▁in ▁general . ▁The ▁tail , ▁slightly ▁over ▁two - third s ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁body ▁length , ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁weapon , ▁for ▁balance , ▁and ▁to ▁assist ▁sw imming . ▁ ▁Like ▁many ▁other |
▁re pt iles ▁the ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag on ▁poss esses ▁a ▁small , ▁ir ides cent , ▁photos ens itive ▁spot ▁between ▁their ▁eyes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁p ine al ▁eye ▁( or ▁par iet al ▁eye , ▁or ▁col lo qu ial ly ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁eye ) ▁that ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁help ▁therm or eg ulate ▁their ▁bodies ▁by ▁sens ing ▁differences ▁in ▁light ▁to ▁assist ▁with ▁b ask ing ▁and ▁seeking ▁shelter ▁after ▁sun set . ▁Since ▁it ▁recogn izes ▁differences ▁in ▁light , ▁the ▁par iet al ▁eye ▁can ▁also ▁help ▁the ▁l izard ▁avoid ▁pred ation ▁from ▁birds ▁and ▁other ▁aer ial ▁thre ats , ▁and ▁can ▁aw aken ▁from ▁deep ▁sleep ▁from ▁even ▁slight ▁changes ▁in ▁light ▁from ▁overhead . ▁These ▁animals ▁are ▁very ▁do cile ▁and ▁allow ▁physical ▁activity . ▁ ▁Hab itat ▁and ▁behav iors ▁▁ ▁Native ▁to ▁the ▁low land ▁and ▁high land ▁for ests ▁of ▁southern ▁China ▁and ▁sout he astern ▁Asia ▁( Th ailand , ▁Vietnam , ▁La os , ▁Camb odia ▁and ▁Bur ma ), ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag ons ▁are ▁most ▁commonly ▁found ▁along ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁fresh water ▁la kes ▁and ▁streams . ▁They ▁are ▁active ▁during ▁the ▁day ▁( di urn al ), ▁and ▁spend ▁most ▁of ▁their ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁trees ▁or ▁plants ▁( ar b ore al ). ▁If ▁threatened , ▁the ▁drag on ▁will ▁drop ▁from ▁the ▁trees ▁into ▁the ▁water ▁and ▁either ▁sw im ▁to ▁safety ▁or ▁remain ▁sub mer ged ▁for ▁up ▁to |
▁ 9 0 ▁minutes . ▁Water ▁drag ons ▁live ▁in ▁areas ▁with ▁average ▁hum id ity ▁levels ▁of ▁ 4 0 – 8 0 % ▁and ▁temper atures ▁r anging ▁from ▁ 8 0 – 9 0 ° F ▁( 2 6 – 3 2 ° C ). ▁ ▁Diet ▁ ▁Though ▁they ▁will ▁also ▁eat ▁veget ation , ▁the ▁di et ▁of ▁the ▁water ▁drag on ▁consists ▁mainly ▁of ▁insect s , ▁supp lement ed ▁with ▁an ▁occas ional ▁small ▁fish , ▁m amm al ▁or ▁re pt ile . ▁ ▁In vas ive ▁species ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag ons ▁have ▁established ▁themselves ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁probably ▁from ▁released ▁pet ▁animals . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Care ▁for ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag on ▁Chinese ▁water ▁drag on ▁care ▁sheet ▁ ▁Category : Ag am idae ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁My an mar ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁Camb odia ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁China ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁La os ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁S out heast ▁Asia ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁Th ailand ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁of ▁Vietnam ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁S weet ▁pot ato ▁soup ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁dess ert ▁found ▁in ▁Southern ▁China ▁and ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁ ▁C anton ese ▁cu is ine ▁In ▁C anton ese ▁cu is ine , ▁it ▁is ▁categor ized ▁as ▁a ▁tong ▁su i |
▁or ▁sweet ▁soup , ▁hence ▁the ▁Chinese ▁name . ▁The ▁soup ▁is ▁usually ▁thin ▁in ▁texture , ▁but ▁pot ent ▁in ▁taste . ▁The ▁reci pe ▁is ▁simple , ▁consisting ▁of ▁bo iling ▁the ▁sweet ▁pot ato ▁for ▁a ▁long ▁time ▁with ▁rock ▁c andy ▁and ▁g inger . ▁S weet ▁pot ato ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁commonly ▁found ▁and ▁abund ant ▁veget ables ▁grown ▁in ▁China . ▁With ▁its ▁simple ▁reci pe ▁and ▁large ▁c rop ▁supply , ▁sweet ▁pot ato ▁soup ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁accessible ▁and ▁afford able ▁tong ▁su i ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁E gg ▁tong s ui ▁ ▁Fried ▁sweet ▁pot ato ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Chinese ▁sou ps ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁sou ps ▁ ▁S weet ▁pot ato ▁pie ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ch inese ▁sou ps ▁Category : Ch inese ▁dess ert s ▁Category : S weet ▁pot atoes <0x0A> </s> ▁ 2 nd ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Re con na issance ▁Battalion ▁is ▁a ▁fast ▁and ▁mobil ized ▁arm ored ▁terrest rial ▁reconna issance ▁batt alion ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Marine ▁Corps . ▁Their ▁primary ▁weapon ▁system ▁is ▁the ▁ 8 - w he e led ▁L AV - 2 5 ▁and ▁they ▁fall ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Marine ▁Division ▁and ▁II ▁Marine ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Force . ▁The ▁unit ▁is ▁based ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Base ▁Camp ▁Le je une , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁The ▁current ▁mission ▁statement ▁of ▁the ▁batt alion |
▁is : ▁To ▁perform ▁combined ▁arms ▁reconna issance ▁and ▁security ▁miss ions ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Gr ound ▁Com bat ▁Element ▁( G CE ) ▁of ▁a ▁Marine ▁Air - Gr ound ▁Task ▁Force ▁( MA G TF ). ▁Its ▁mission ▁is ▁to ▁conduct ▁reconna issance , ▁security ▁and ▁economy ▁of ▁force ▁operations , ▁and , ▁within ▁its ▁capabilities , ▁limited ▁off ensive ▁or ▁def ensive ▁operations ▁that ▁explo it ▁the ▁unit ' s ▁mob ility ▁and ▁fire power . ▁ ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁may ▁function ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁man eu ver ▁element ▁or ▁as ▁an ▁element ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁unit ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁regiment al ▁combat ▁team , ▁or ▁its ▁sub ordinate ▁companies ▁may ▁support ▁other ▁tact ical ▁units ▁in ▁the ▁G CE . ▁ ▁Sub ordinate ▁units ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁ ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ' s ▁organization ▁allows ▁it ▁to ▁conduct ▁the ▁full ▁range ▁of ▁command ▁functions . ▁The ▁L AV ' s ▁mob ility ▁is ▁maxim ized ▁when ▁the ▁batt alion ▁is ▁assigned ▁independent ▁miss ions ▁for ▁either ▁the ▁G CE ▁or ▁any ▁of ▁its ▁sub elements . ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁assigned ▁miss ions ▁that ▁require ▁placing ▁it ▁or ▁its ▁sub ordinate ▁companies ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁other ▁M AG TF ▁form ations . ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁and ▁each ▁of ▁its ▁companies ▁have ▁an ▁organ ic ▁maintenance ▁and ▁recovery ▁cap ability ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁sufficient ▁communic ations ▁equipment ▁for ▁sust ained ▁independent ▁battle field ▁operations . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 |
d , ▁L AR ▁Battalion ▁is ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Marine ▁Division ▁ ▁and ▁possess ▁ 3 ▁line ▁companies ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁headquarters ▁and ▁service ▁company . ▁ ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Ve h icle ▁Mission ▁Ro le ▁Vari ants ▁ ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁six ▁mission ▁role ▁variants ▁( MR V s ): ▁▁ ▁L AV - 2 5 ▁( light ▁arm ored ▁vehicle - 2 5 ▁millimeter ). ▁ ▁L AV - AT ▁( light ▁arm ored ▁vehicle - ant it ank ). ▁ ▁L AV - M ▁( light ▁arm ored ▁vehicle - mort ar ). ▁ ▁L AV - C 2 ▁ ▁( light ▁ ▁arm ored ▁ ▁vehicle - command ▁ ▁and ▁control ). ▁ ▁L AV - L ▁( light ▁arm ored ▁vehicle - log istics ). ▁ ▁L AV - R ▁( light ▁arm ored ▁vehicle - rec overy ). ▁ ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Re con na issance ▁Sc outs : ▁ ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Re con na issance ▁Sc outs ▁ ▁Mar ines ▁who ▁have ▁the ▁military ▁occup ational ▁special ty ▁( M OS ) ▁ 0 3 1 1 , ▁rif le man ▁are ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁as ▁sc outs . ▁The ▁sc outs ▁receive ▁their ▁sc out ▁training ▁from ▁the ▁L AR ▁batt alion . ▁The ▁L AR ▁sc outs ▁are ▁not ▁employed ▁the ▁same ▁way ▁as ▁inf antry ▁or ▁mechan ized ▁inf antry . ▁Each ▁L AV - 2 5 ▁car ries |
▁three ▁sc outs , ▁who ▁are ▁trained ▁and ▁organized ▁for ▁employ ment ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁L AV - 2 5 . ▁The ▁L AR ▁sc outs ▁should ▁be ▁thought ▁of ▁as ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁vehicle ' s ▁employ ment ▁capabilities . ▁The ▁vehicle / sc out ▁team ▁is ▁a ▁complete ▁system , ▁with ▁the ▁vehicle ▁and ▁its ▁sc outs ▁each ▁ ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁for ▁security , ▁mob ility , ▁and ▁fire power . ▁ ▁Tro op ▁D ens ity ▁ ▁The ▁L AV - 2 5 ▁car ries ▁three ▁L AV ▁crew men ▁and ▁four ▁personnel ▁( typ ically ▁three ▁sc outs ▁and ▁either ▁a ▁corps man , ▁engineer , ▁or ▁mechan ic ) ▁per ▁vehicle . ▁The ▁L AR ▁batt alion ▁table ▁of ▁organization ▁( T / O ) prov ides ▁for ▁ 2 1 6 ▁sc outs . ▁Oper ations ▁requiring ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁inf antry ▁ ▁favor ▁employ ing ▁mechan ized ▁inf antry ▁units ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁higher ▁tro op ▁density . ▁This ▁limitation ▁can ▁ ▁be ▁offset ▁by ▁planning ▁for ▁rein for c ements ▁of ▁L AR ▁by ▁hel ic opter ▁bor ne ▁or ▁mechan ized ▁inf antry ▁units . ▁The ▁L AV ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁viewed ▁as ▁an ▁inf antry ▁ ▁fighting ▁vehicle ▁or ▁as ▁an ▁arm ored ▁personnel ▁car rier . ▁This ▁vehicle ▁is ▁an ▁arm ored ▁reconna issance ▁vehicle ▁that ▁la cks ▁sufficient ▁arm or ▁protection ▁and ▁tro op ▁density ▁to ▁perform ▁miss ions ▁normally ▁assigned ▁to ▁a ▁mechan ized ▁inf |
antry ▁unit . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Activ ation ▁The ▁first ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Ve h icle ▁unit ▁to ▁be ▁activ ated ▁was ▁Second ▁L AV ▁Battalion ▁at ▁Camp ▁Le je une , ▁NC , ▁during ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁it ▁began ▁receiving ▁its ▁first ▁L AV s ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁The ▁batt alion ▁under w ent ▁several ▁name ▁changes ▁to ▁include ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Infantry ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁before ▁sett ling ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁on ▁Light ▁Arm ored ▁Re con na issance ▁( L AR ) ▁Battalion . ▁This ▁was ▁done ▁to ▁better ▁reflect ▁the ▁capabilities , ▁mission , ▁and ▁purpose ▁of ▁the ▁L AV ▁equ ipped ▁batt al ions . ▁ ▁Call ▁signs ▁The ▁batt alion ▁has ▁been ▁known ▁by ▁various ▁call ▁signs ▁over ▁the ▁years . ▁At ▁in ception , ▁the ▁batt alion ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁" W olf pack ". ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁' 8 0 s ▁the ▁call ▁sign ▁was ▁briefly ▁changed ▁to ▁“ Drag oon ” ▁but ▁was ▁revert ed ▁to ▁" W olf pack " ▁before ▁deploy ing ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁Des ert ▁Sh ield . ▁When ▁the ▁batt alion ▁deployed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁the ▁call ▁sign ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁" Bar b ari ans " ▁because ▁ 3 rd ▁L AR ▁B N ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁call ▁sign ▁" W olf pack ". ▁During ▁combat ▁operations ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁enemy |
▁transm issions ▁were ▁intercept ed ▁by ▁Radio ▁Battalion ▁that ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁unit ▁as ▁" the ▁destroy ers ". ▁R CT - 1 ▁re - design ated ▁the ▁batt alion ▁as ▁“ Dest roy er ” ▁and ▁is ▁still ▁the ▁current ▁call ▁sign ▁of ▁the ▁batt alion . ▁When ▁the ▁batt alion ▁deployed ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁again ▁the ▁call ▁sign ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁changed ▁do ▁to ▁a ▁conflict ▁in ▁call ▁signs . ▁An ▁army ▁unit ▁already ▁in ▁the ater ▁was ▁using ▁" Dest roy er ". ▁For ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁deployment , ▁the ▁batt alion ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁" Mount aine er ". ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁chosen ▁because ▁the ▁batt alion ▁commander ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁L t Col ▁Ren for th , ▁was ▁a ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Mount aine ers . ▁ ▁Operation ▁Just ▁C ause ▁Operation ▁Just ▁C ause ▁in ▁Pan ama ▁during ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁L AV s ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁combat ▁operations . ▁As ▁US ▁troops ▁inv aded ▁the ▁country ▁to ▁arrest ▁the ▁dict ator ▁President ▁Manuel ▁Nor ie ga ▁to ▁justice ▁for ▁drug ▁tra ff ick ing . ▁L AV ▁Comp an ies ▁from ▁ 2 D ▁L AV ▁B N ▁started ▁deploy ing ▁to ▁Pan ama ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁conducted ▁freedom ▁of ▁movement ▁exer cis es ▁throughout ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁demonstrated ▁their ▁am ph ib ious ▁cap ability ▁by ▁sw imming ▁the ▁Pan ama ▁Canal . ▁During ▁Operation ▁Just |
▁C ause ▁L AV s ▁demonstrated ▁their ▁vers at ility ▁to ▁supporting ▁Special ▁Oper ations ▁Forces , ▁blocking ▁major ▁high ways , ▁and ▁se cur ing ▁important ▁object ives . ▁The ▁first ▁cas ual ty ▁for ▁the ▁batt alion ▁also ▁occurred ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁when ▁C pl ▁Gar re th ▁Isa ak ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁action . ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Silver ▁Star ▁( Post hum ously ). ▁ ▁G ulf ▁War ▁▁ ▁The ▁attack ▁order ▁assigned ▁the ▁ 2 d ▁LA I ▁Battalion ▁to ▁screen ▁the ▁division ' s ▁front ▁and ▁fl anks ▁on ▁the ▁K uw ait i ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁b erm , ▁starting ▁on ▁G ▁minus ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 1 ▁February . ▁The ▁batt alion ▁was ▁to ▁" att empt ▁to ▁identify ▁any ▁g aps ▁in ▁the ▁obst acle ▁bel t ▁and ▁locate ▁an ▁alternate ▁bre ach ▁site ▁for ▁T iger ▁Brigade ▁in ▁the ▁North west ." ▁This ▁last ▁task ▁was ▁especially ▁important ▁should ▁the ▁division ' s ▁main ▁bre ach ▁effort ▁fail ▁or ▁be ▁held ▁up ▁by ▁the ▁enemy . ▁An ▁alternate ▁bre ach ▁site ▁would ▁permit ▁the ▁T iger ▁Brigade ▁to ▁move ▁its ▁heavy ▁arm ored ▁power ▁around ▁the ▁division ' s ▁fl ank ▁and ▁help ▁to ▁pull ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁division ▁through . ▁Although ▁this ▁was ▁not ▁needed ▁in ▁the ▁end , ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁cont ing ency ▁to ▁anticip ate . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 d ▁L AR ▁Battalion ▁along ▁with ▁its ▁supporting ▁art illery |
▁unit ▁the ▁ 1 - 3 ▁field ▁art illery ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁Army ▁ 1 st ▁T iger ▁Brigade ▁sought ▁contact ▁and ▁reported ▁information ▁on ▁enemy ▁troops , ▁activities , ▁and ▁equipment . ▁Oper ating ▁almost ▁continu ously ▁under ▁ant it ank , ▁ro cket , ▁and ▁indirect ▁fire , ▁the ▁batt alion ' s ▁companies ▁engaged ▁enemy ▁troops , ▁art illery , ▁and ▁t anks ▁on ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 7 ▁occasions , ▁using ▁organ ic ▁ant it ank ▁weapons , ▁art illery ▁fire ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁Mar ines , ▁ 1 - 3 ▁field ▁art illery ▁and ▁close ▁air ▁support . ▁During ▁these ▁three ▁days , ▁the ▁batt alion ▁account ed ▁for ▁numerous ▁enemy ▁K IA , ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁ 1 2 ▁enemy ▁t anks , ▁a ▁further ▁ 3 5 ▁t anks ▁with ▁air ▁strik es , ▁and ▁the ▁capture ▁of ▁ 1 2 0 ▁EP W s . ▁ ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁through ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁the ▁Battalion ▁provided ▁det ach ments ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 4 th ▁and ▁ 2 6 th ▁ME U ' s ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁" Pro v ide ▁Com fort " ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ira q . ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁the ▁ 2 4 th ▁ME U ▁Det achment ▁sw am ▁the ▁Tig ris ▁River . ▁ ▁Human itar ian ▁miss ions ▁ ▁Several ▁det ach ments ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁ME U ▁operations ▁deploy ▁to ▁support ▁operations ▁in ▁K ism ay |
u ▁and ▁M og ad ish u , ▁Som alia ▁from ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁through ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁during ▁Operation ▁" Rest ore ▁Hope ". ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁B LT ▁ 2 / 2 ▁land ed ▁in ▁H ait i ▁with ▁a ▁L AR ▁pl ato on ▁attachment ▁during ▁Operation ▁" Rest ore ▁Dem ocracy ". ▁Land ing ▁on ▁“ Blue ▁Beach ” ▁Camp ▁H ait ian , ▁the ▁Mar ines ▁conducted ▁con voy ▁esc ort s , ▁arms ▁collection , ▁dis arm ament ▁of ▁the ▁H ait ian ▁Forces , ▁and ▁various ▁Human itar ian ▁E ff ort ▁tasks . ▁ ▁From ▁June ▁to ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁an ▁element ▁of ▁D ▁Co ▁deployed ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 6 th ▁ME U ▁and ▁participated ▁in ▁Operation ▁" J oint ▁Guardian ". ▁As ▁the ▁first ▁U . S . ▁Peace keep ers ▁in ▁Kos ovo , ▁the ▁Mar ines ▁and ▁the ▁S ail ors ▁of ▁the ▁ME U ▁provided ▁stability ▁to ▁the ▁emb att led ▁region . ▁ ▁During ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁elements ▁of ▁D ▁Co ▁deployed ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 6 th ▁ME U ▁to ▁support ▁Operation ▁“ A vid ▁Response ”. ▁A ▁Human itar ian ▁mission ▁following ▁an ▁earth qu ake ▁in ▁Turkey . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁the ▁Battalion ▁received ▁a ▁Warning ▁Order ▁to ▁prepare ▁to ▁deploy ▁to ▁H ait i ▁in ▁order ▁to |
▁assist ▁in ▁stabil ization ▁operations . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁the ▁first ▁elements ▁of ▁B ▁Co ▁arrived ▁at ▁Port - au - Pr ince , ▁H ait i . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁immediately ▁began ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁pat rol ▁post ure ▁comb ating ▁lo ot ers ▁and ▁gang s ▁that ▁controlled ▁the ▁area . ▁They ▁quickly ▁seized ▁control ▁and ▁maintained ▁momentum ▁throughout ▁the ▁deployment . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁to ▁ 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁elements ▁of ▁Co ▁B ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁ME U , ▁just ▁returned ▁from ▁a ▁ 7 - month ▁deployment ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁re called ▁off ▁of ▁post ▁deployment ▁leave ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁re - deploy ▁to ▁provide ▁human itar ian ▁support ▁to ▁H ait i ▁following ▁the ▁ 7 . 0 ▁magnitude ▁earth qu ake ▁that ▁struck ▁just ▁west ▁of ▁Port - au - Pr ince ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁ME U ▁conducted ▁the ▁re - call ▁and ▁was ▁emb ark ed ▁for ▁departure ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 6 ▁hours ▁from ▁receiving ▁the ▁order ▁to ▁re deploy ▁for ▁Operation ▁" Un ified ▁Response ". ▁ ▁Global ▁War ▁on ▁T error ▁During ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ 2 d ▁L AR ▁land ed ▁at ▁Camp ▁Rh ino ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁which ▁was ▁already ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁ME U ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁assault ▁on ▁K and ah ar . ▁A |
▁combined ▁unit ▁formed ▁by ▁ 2 d ▁and ▁ 3 d ▁L AR ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 2 6 th ▁ME U ▁assault ed ▁and ▁took ▁K and ah ar ▁international ▁air port ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Further ▁operations ▁would ▁be ▁held ▁from ▁that ▁location ▁up ▁to ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁include ▁the ▁most ▁notable ▁Operation ▁Ana conda . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁that ▁base ▁was ▁handed ▁over ▁to ▁ 1 0 1 st ▁Air bor ne ▁units . ▁ ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom ▁During ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁all ▁three ▁active ▁duty ▁L AR ▁Batt al ions ▁and ▁the ▁one ▁Reserve ▁Battalion ▁were ▁mobil ized ▁and ▁deployed ▁to ▁K uw ait ▁for ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom . ▁L AR ▁Batt al ions ▁accompanied ▁all ▁the ▁Regiment al ▁Com bat ▁Teams ▁into ▁action ▁and ▁elements ▁of ▁ 1 st ▁L AR ▁attached ▁to ▁R CT - 5 ▁were ▁among ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁ground ▁combat ▁units ▁into ▁Ira q . ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁Con way , ▁the ▁ME F ▁Commander , ▁opt ed ▁to ▁orch est rate ▁the ▁war ▁forward ▁using ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁L AV - C 2 s ▁for ▁command ▁and ▁control . ▁L AV s ▁from ▁ 2 d ▁L AR , ▁attached ▁to ▁Task ▁Force ▁Tar awa , ▁broke ▁through ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Al ▁N asi ri y ah ▁after ▁st iff ▁Fed aye en ▁resistance ▁was ▁encountered . ▁Once ▁in ▁Bag hd |
ad , ▁ 1 st , ▁ 2 nd , ▁and ▁ 3 rd ▁L AR ▁Batt al ions ▁were ▁re organ ized ▁into ▁Task ▁Force ▁Tri pol i ▁to ▁continue ▁the ▁attack ▁north ▁and ▁capture ▁S add am ▁Hus sein ' s ▁h omet own ▁of ▁T ik rit . ▁Al ong ▁the ▁way ▁elements ▁of ▁ 3 d ▁L AR ▁Battalion ▁res cu ed ▁the ▁American ▁Pr ison ers ▁of ▁War ▁from ▁the ▁Ira q is . ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom ▁marked ▁the ▁longest ▁in land ▁pen etr ation ▁by ▁US ▁Marine ▁Forces ▁ever , ▁and ▁no ▁units ▁went ▁further ▁and ▁faster ▁than ▁the ▁L AR ▁Batt al ions , ▁again ▁prov ing ▁their ▁incred ible ▁vers at ility ▁and ▁cap ability . ▁ ▁Since ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom ▁began ▁the ▁batt alion ▁has ▁completed ▁four ▁ 7 - month ▁deploy ments . ▁ ▁They ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁invasion ▁of ▁Ira q . ▁D elta ▁Co . ▁returned ▁from ▁February ▁to ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁Al pha ▁Co . ▁from ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁then ▁Charlie ▁Co . ▁returned ▁from ▁March ▁to ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁to ▁pat rol ▁in ▁the ▁south western ▁portion ▁of ▁Al ▁An bar ▁Province . ▁Let ▁it ▁be ▁noted ▁also ▁that ▁during ▁the ▁time ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁E cho ▁Company ▁was ▁created ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁period ▁of ▁time |
. ▁ ▁For ▁their ▁ 3 rd ▁deployment , ▁▁ 2 nd ▁L AR ▁returned ▁to ▁a ▁split ▁Area ▁of ▁operations ▁in ▁Ira q ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁remained ▁there ▁until ▁returning ▁to ▁MC B ▁Camp ▁Le je une ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Station ed ▁at ▁Camp ▁Korean ▁Village ▁was ▁C . ▁Company ▁along ▁with ▁half ▁of ▁H & S ▁Company . ▁Com bat ▁Out post ▁Raw ah ▁had ▁Al pha , ▁D elta , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁half ▁of ▁H & S ▁Co ▁station ed ▁there . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁last ▁deployment ▁the ▁batt alion ▁had ▁four ▁Mar ines ▁killed ▁in ▁action . ▁The ▁unit ▁is ▁currently ▁station ed ▁in ▁the ater ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom . ▁ ▁Sign ific ant ▁Events ▁▁ 4 - 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 d ▁LA I ▁deployed ▁to ▁K uw ait ▁with ▁Comp an ies ▁A , ▁B , ▁and ▁H & S ▁Company ; ▁We ap ons ▁Company ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁January ▁and ▁integrated ▁into ▁A ▁and ▁B ▁Comp an ies , ▁C ▁Co ▁was ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁ME F ▁Head quarters . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁at ▁ 2 3 4 5 Z ▁the ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁dispers al ▁area ▁was ▁received . ▁At ▁ 0 6 0 0 Z ▁the ▁batt alion ▁began ▁the ▁road ▁march ▁in ▁its ▁standard ▁order |
; ▁Al pha , ▁T act ical ▁CO C , ▁Bra vo , ▁Main ▁CO C , ▁Com bat ▁Train , ▁and ▁the ▁Field ▁Train . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁at ▁ 0 3 0 0 Z ▁the ▁batt alion ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁assume ▁M OP P ▁Level ▁ 1 ▁due ▁to ▁height ening ▁t ensions ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁S add am ▁Hus sein ▁launched ▁his ▁own ▁assault , ▁with ▁a ▁tr uck ▁bomb ▁expl oding ▁at ▁Camp ▁Comm ando , ▁and ▁miss iles ▁fired ▁at ▁Cam ps ▁Comm ando , ▁Virginia , ▁New ▁York , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Highway ▁ 8 0 . ▁ ▁At ▁ 0 3 0 0 Z ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 1 st , ▁Al pha ▁Company ▁led ▁the ▁Battalion ▁through ▁the ▁bre ach ; ▁the ▁Battalion ▁conducted ▁a ▁“ Zone ▁Re con na issance ” ▁along ▁Route ▁T ampa ▁and ▁conducted ▁link ▁ups ▁with ▁the ▁Army ' s ▁T F ▁ 3 - 6 9 ▁and ▁T F ▁Tar awa ▁and ▁the ▁assault ▁on ▁An ▁N asi ri y ah . ▁ ▁After ▁travel ing ▁north ▁all ▁day , ▁and ▁batt ling ▁numerous ▁small ▁enemy ▁det ach ments ▁the ▁Battalion ▁established ▁a ▁def ensive ▁position ▁str add ling ▁Highway ▁ 7 ▁well ▁north ▁of ▁An ▁N asi ri y ah . ▁Al most ▁immediately ▁the ▁Battalion ▁was ▁attacked ▁with ▁both ▁direct ▁and ▁indirect ▁fire ▁weapons ▁systems ▁in |
▁a ▁battle ▁that ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁called ▁“ The ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁Co il ”. ▁ ▁This ▁battle ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁“ Running ▁Gun - f ights ” ▁through ▁numerous ▁towns ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁Battalion ' s ▁ren aming ▁as ▁“ Dest roy ers ”. ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁April , ▁reports ▁sur fac ed ▁that ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁enemy ▁vehicles , ▁including ▁arm or ▁moved ▁into ▁Al ▁Hay y ▁air field ; ▁B ▁Co ▁led ▁the ▁R CT ' s ▁assault ▁on ▁the ▁air field . ▁Support ed ▁with ▁Cob ra ' s ▁the ▁Regiment ▁attached ▁through ▁Al ▁Hay y ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁enemy ▁vehicles , ▁b unk ers , ▁and ▁weapons ▁c aches . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Battalion ▁fixed ▁the ▁enemy ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Al ▁K ut , ▁the ▁Battalion ▁conducted ▁a ▁ 2 5 0 ▁kilometer ▁road ▁march , ▁by pass ing ▁Al ▁K ut . ▁The ▁batt alion ▁re position ed ▁itself ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁An ▁Nu ’ men iy ah . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁road ▁march , ▁the ▁Battalion ▁re - design ated ▁under ▁T F ▁Tri pol i ; ▁which ▁consisted ▁of ▁ 3 ▁L AR ▁B ns , ▁ 5 th ▁B n ▁ 1 1 th ▁Mar Reg , ▁Company ▁G / 2 / 2 3 , ▁and ▁an ▁Engine er ▁Company . ▁ ▁The ▁Dest roy er ' s ▁conducted ▁operations ▁IV O ▁T ik rit ▁until ▁ 2 0 ▁April , |
▁following ▁E aster ▁T F ▁Tri pol i ▁conducted ▁relief ▁in ▁place ▁with ▁ 4 th ▁Infantry ▁Div . ▁and ▁the ▁Battalion ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁dis place ▁back ▁to ▁T act ical ▁Assembly ▁Area ▁( TA A ) ▁Pa ige . ▁▁ 9 ▁through ▁ 1 3 ▁May ▁the ▁batt alion ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Camp ▁Mat ilda , ▁K uw ait ▁and ▁began ▁prepar ing ▁to ▁return ▁home , ▁with ▁the ▁last ▁Mar ines ▁arriv ing ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁June . ▁ ▁D ▁Company ▁Dep loy ed ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁I ▁ME F ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁February ▁through ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁During ▁the ▁Company ' s ▁ 7 - month ▁deployment ▁they ▁conducted ▁several ▁blocking ▁positions , ▁rein for ced ▁V CP s , ▁and ▁conducted ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁pat rolling ▁effort ▁and ▁reconna issance ▁mission ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁Fall uj ah ▁and ▁participated ▁in ▁several ▁operations ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁R CT - 1 . ▁ ▁A ▁Company ▁conducted ▁a ▁relief ▁in ▁place ▁with ▁D ▁Company , ▁ 1 7 ▁Sept ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁The ▁company ▁conducted ▁combat ▁operations ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁Fall uj ah ▁from ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁During ▁the ▁Company ' s ▁ 7 - month ▁deployment ▁they ▁conducted ▁several ▁blocking ▁positions , ▁rein for ced ▁V CP s , ▁and ▁conducted ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁pat rolling ▁effort ▁and ▁reconna issance ▁mission ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁Fall uj ah ▁and |
▁participated ▁in ▁several ▁operations ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁R CT - 1 . ▁ ▁From ▁March ▁through ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁the ▁Battalion ▁conducted ▁combat ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Al ▁As ad , ▁Camp ▁Korean ▁Village , ▁and ▁Al ▁Q a im ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁R CT - 5 . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁through ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Dest roy er ' s ▁found ▁themselves ▁again ▁deployed ▁to ▁Al ▁An bar , ▁Ira q . ▁This ▁time ▁to ▁Camp ▁Korean ▁Village ▁and ▁A O ▁Raw ah . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁L AR ▁members ▁that ▁completed ▁several ▁previous ▁deploy ments ▁to ▁Al ▁An bar ▁and ▁Camp ▁Korean ▁Village , ▁the ▁terrain ▁was ▁familiar ▁and ▁the ▁batt alion ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁rapidly ▁affect ▁changes ▁to ▁the ▁tact ical ▁layout ▁of ▁the ▁A O . ▁ ▁The ▁Battalion ▁conducted ▁operations ▁in ▁A O ▁Raw ah , ▁Camp ▁Korean ▁Village , ▁R ut bah , ▁Mos ul , ▁and ▁Ak ash at ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁batt alion . ▁The ▁batt alion ▁conducted ▁extended ▁desert ▁operations ▁util izing ▁rapid ▁ground ▁ref uel ing , ▁supported ▁by ▁CH 5 3 E . ▁Through out ▁the ▁deployment , ▁the ▁Battalion ▁supported ▁inter diction ▁operations ▁along ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Border ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁Den y ▁Al - Q a eda ▁North ▁( D AN ), ▁a ▁ME F ▁level ▁operation . ▁ ▁Operation ▁End uring ▁Fre edom ▁ ▁January ▁through ▁April ▁ |
2 0 0 2 , ▁Co ▁A ▁dep lo ys ▁a ▁pl ato on ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁B LT ▁ 3 / 6 , ▁ 2 6 ▁ME U ; ▁They ▁operated ▁in ▁vic inity ▁of ▁K and ah ar . ▁During ▁their ▁deployment ▁the ▁det achment ▁conducted ▁V CP s , ▁E CP s , ▁and ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁pat rolling ▁effort ▁and ▁reconna issance ▁miss ions . ▁ ▁March ▁through ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Co ▁B ▁provided ▁a ▁pl ato on ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁ 1 / 6 , ▁ 2 4 ▁ME U . ▁The ▁B LT ▁operated ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁Hel m and ▁Province . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁they ▁were ▁the ▁southern ▁most ▁coal ition ▁force . ▁They ▁established ▁an ▁ag gress ive ▁pat rolling ▁effort ▁and ▁conducted ▁several ▁reconna issance ▁miss ions . ▁ ▁May ▁through ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁Battalion ▁conducted ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Southern ▁Hel m and ▁Province . ▁They ▁seized ▁Khan ▁N es hin ▁Castle ▁and ▁established ▁( 2 ) ▁C OP S ▁and ▁several ▁Afghan ▁Border ▁Pat rol ▁and ▁Afghan istan ▁National ▁Police ▁St ations . ▁The ▁batt alion ▁deployed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Marine ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Brigade . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 , 0 0 0 ▁tro op ▁increase ▁announced ▁by ▁President ▁Ob ama ▁in ▁mid - F ebru ary . ▁ ▁Company ▁A ▁deployed ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁ 4 th ▁L |
AR ▁from ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁through ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ; ▁conduct ing ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Mar j ah ▁area . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 nd ▁L AR , ▁as ▁the ▁southern ▁push ▁of ▁Operation ▁Khan jar , ▁entered ▁Khan ▁N es hin ▁village ▁with ▁the ▁village ▁el ders ' ▁permission . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁The ▁batt alion ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁the ▁following ▁battle ▁stream ers : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁batt al ions ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ 2 nd ▁L AR ' s ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁M CT P ▁ 3 - 1 0 D ▁E MP LO Y MENT ▁OF ▁THE ▁L IGHT ▁AR MO RED ▁RE CON NA I SS ANCE ▁B AT T AL ION ▁ ▁L AR ▁ 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch oi ▁In - ho ▁( 1 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁– ▁ 2 5 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁writer . ▁ ▁Life ▁Born ▁in ▁Se oul , ▁Ch oi ▁In - ho ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁English ▁Liter ature ▁at ▁Y on se i ▁University ▁and ▁deb uted ▁as ▁a ▁writer ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁with ▁“ Pat ient ▁App rent ice ” ▁( G ye on se up ▁H wan ja , ▁ 견 습 환 자 ) ▁which |
▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁w inners ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Spring ▁Liter ary ▁Cont est ▁spons ored ▁by ▁The ▁Ch os un ▁Il bo . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁youth , ▁Ch oi ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁pro dig ious ▁drink er ▁(" gu zz ler "), ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁his ▁hand - print s ▁were ▁mem orial ized ▁on ▁the ▁side walk ▁of ▁Y on se i - ro , ▁where ▁he ▁frequently ▁d rank . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁ 4 3 ▁years ▁old , ▁Ch oi ▁converted ▁to ▁Catholic ism , ▁but ▁non eth eless ▁managed ▁to ▁extend ▁his ▁narr ative ▁range ▁to ▁include ▁Buddh ism ▁in ▁Road ▁Without ▁Road . ▁ ▁Ch oi ▁has ▁also ▁taught ▁at ▁Y on se i ▁University ▁and ▁Catholic ▁University ▁of ▁Korea . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 6 8 ▁( K ore an ▁age ) ▁from ▁sal iv ary ▁g land ▁cancer . ▁ ▁Work ▁ ▁Ch oi ▁In - ho ▁began ▁writing ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 7 ▁and ▁took ▁to ▁it ▁naturally . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁clear ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁account ▁of ▁writing ▁two ▁stories , ▁“ The ▁Bo oz er ” ( 술 꾼 ) ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁and ▁“ A ▁Str anger ’ s ▁Room ” ( 타 인 의 ▁ 방 ) ▁( 1 9 7 1 |
), ▁which ▁earned ▁him ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁controvers ial ▁novel ists ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁According ▁to ▁Ch oi , ▁“ The ▁Bo oz er ” ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁only ▁ ▁two ▁hours , ▁while ▁“ A ▁Str anger ’ s ▁Room ” ▁was ▁written ▁over night ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁issue ▁of ▁Liter ature ▁and ▁Int elligence . ▁ ▁A ▁hand ful ▁of ▁his ▁early ▁stories ▁gained ▁notice ▁when ▁they ▁won ▁compet itions ▁spons ored ▁by ▁local ▁papers ▁( The ▁H angu k ▁il bo ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁the ▁Ch os un ▁il bo ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ) ▁and ▁the ▁S as ang gy e ▁Magazine ▁( 1 9 6 8 ). ▁ ▁His ▁early ▁stories ▁( In cluding ▁" The ▁Bo oz er ," ▁widely ▁anth olog ized ▁in ▁English , ▁which ▁created ▁general ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁though ▁written ▁earlier ) ▁dep icted ▁har sh ▁and ▁sat ir ical ▁land sc apes ▁of ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁consumer ism . ▁Ch oi ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁people ▁caught ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁a ▁rapidly ▁industrial izing ▁Korea , ▁present ing ▁a ▁sat ir ical ▁picture ▁of ▁bur geon ing ▁consumer ism ▁and ▁the ▁result ant ▁de human ization . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s , ▁Ch ' oe ▁generalized ▁his ▁focus ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁al ien ation ▁and ▁wrote ▁" De ep ▁Blue |
▁Night ," ▁which ▁told ▁of ▁the ▁har sh ▁and ▁al ien ated ▁" road ▁trip " ▁of ▁two ▁Kore ans ▁in ▁California . ▁It ▁won ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Y i ▁Sang ▁award ▁in ▁Korea ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁It ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁by ▁Bruce ▁F ult on ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Ju - Ch an ▁F ult on ▁for ▁the ▁Liter ature ▁Trans lation ▁Institute ▁of ▁Korea ▁and ▁J imo ond ang ▁Publishing . ▁ ▁Among ▁his ▁works , ▁The ▁Mer chant ▁of ▁Jose on ▁( S ang do , ▁ 상 도 ) ▁and ▁Emperor ▁of ▁The ▁Sea ▁( Ha es hin , ▁ 해 신 ) ▁were ▁dram at ized ▁and ▁a ired ▁by ▁M BC ▁and ▁K BS ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁respectively , ▁which ▁won ▁popular ity ▁not ▁only ▁among ▁Kore ans ▁but ▁also ▁view ers ▁across ▁the ▁glo be . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Ch oi ' s ▁" De ep ▁Blue ▁Night " ▁won ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Y i ▁Sang ▁Liter ary ▁Award ▁in ▁Korea ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁Besides ▁winning ▁the ▁Y i ▁Sang ▁Liter ary ▁Award ▁Ch oi ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁awarded ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Hy und ae ▁Mun h ak ▁Award . ▁ ▁Works ▁in ▁translation ▁ ▁English ▁ ▁" De ep ▁Blue ▁Night ," ▁J imo ond ang ▁Press ▁( May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁▁ ▁" T ower |
▁of ▁An ts ," ▁Hol ly m ▁International ▁Corporation ▁( Dec ember ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁▁ ▁" The ▁Bo oz er ," ▁Land ▁of ▁Ex ile ▁▁ ▁" An other ▁Man ' s ▁Room ," ▁Modern ▁Korean ▁F iction ▁an ▁Anth ology ▁▁ ▁German ▁Korean ische ▁Literatur ▁Band ▁ 3 ▁detail ▁( 한 국 문 학 ▁ 사 화 집 ▁ 제 3 권 ▁- 전 후 ▁ 중 단 편 선 ), ▁B ouv ier , ▁translated ▁by ▁Ku ▁Ki - Se ong ▁▁ ▁Sch riften rei he ▁des ▁Instit uts ▁für ▁Korean ische ▁Kultur . ▁ 1 9 8 4 / 5 ▁detail ▁( < 한 > <0xE8> <0xAA> <0x8C> ▁( 8 4 . 5 월 호 ) ▁- ▁ 한 국 문 학 특 집 호 ), ▁Institut ▁für ▁Korean ische ▁Kultur ▁Sch riften rei he ▁des ▁Instit uts ▁für ▁Korean ische ▁Kultur . ▁ 1 9 8 4 / 7 ▁detail ▁( < 한 > <0xE8> <0xAA> <0x8C> ▁( 8 4 . 7 월 호 ) ▁- ▁ 한 국 문 학 특 집 호 ), ▁Institut ▁für ▁Korean ische ▁Kultur ▁ ▁Japanese ▁▁ 他 人 の 部 屋 ▁detail ▁( 타 인 의 ▁ 방 ), ▁ コ ー ル サ ッ ク ▁( Co al ▁S ack ) 社 ▁▁ 夢 <0xE9> <0x81> <0x8A> <0xE6> <0xA1> <0x83> 源 <0xE5> <0x9B> <0xB3> ▁detail ▁( 몽 유 도 원 도 ), ▁ コ ー ル サ ッ ク ▁( Co al ▁S |
ack ) 社 ▁ ▁Polish ▁ ▁M ask i ▁detail ▁( 가 면 무 도 회 ), ▁N obil itas ▁ ▁French ▁Une ▁nuit ▁ble ue ▁et ▁prof onde ▁( 깊 고 ▁ 푸 른 ▁ 밤 ), ▁Act es ▁Sud ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁A ▁short ▁bi ography ▁and ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁The ▁Bo oz er ▁( C alled ▁The ▁Dr unk ard ▁here ) ▁ ▁Category : Se oul ▁High ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁death s ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁cancer ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : Con ver ts ▁to ▁Roman ▁Catholic ism ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁Roman ▁C athol ics ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁writers ▁Category : Y on se i ▁University ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁bronze ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson ▁by ▁Pierre - Jean ▁David ▁d ' Ang ers ▁is ▁installed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Capit ol ' s ▁rot unda , ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 3 0 s ▁sculpt ures ▁Category : B ron ze ▁sculpt ures ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : Mon uments ▁and ▁mem orial s ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : S cul pt ures ▁of ▁men ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : Stat ues ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Capit ol ▁stat ues <0x0A> |
</s> ▁B enc ro ft ▁Hill ▁M ead ows ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 5 . 1 ▁hect are ▁bi ological ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁some ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Chi ppen ham ▁in ▁W ilt shire , ▁England , ▁not ified ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁The ▁site ▁is ▁a ▁fl ora - rich ▁example ▁of ▁un im pro ved ▁past ure ▁on ▁the ▁Oxford ▁Clay ▁V ale ▁of ▁North ▁W ilt shire ▁which ▁attract s ▁but ter f lies ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁small ▁co pper , ▁small ▁he ath ▁and ▁common ▁blue . ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁( access ed ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Natural ▁England ▁website ▁( SS SI ▁information ) ▁ ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁W ilt shire ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁not ified ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Category : M ead ows ▁in ▁W ilt shire <0x0A> </s> ▁Matt he ws ▁Stone ▁Company ▁Historic ▁District ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁historic ▁district ▁located ▁in ▁Rich land ▁Township , ▁Mon roe ▁County , ▁Indiana . ▁ ▁The ▁district ▁en comp ass es ▁five ▁contrib uting ▁buildings , ▁one ▁contrib uting ▁site , ▁six ▁contrib uting ▁structures , ▁and ▁two ▁contrib uting ▁objects ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Matt he ws ▁Brothers ▁Stone ▁Company ▁lim estone ▁business , ▁now ▁operated ▁as ▁By be e ▁Stone ▁Company , ▁Inc . ▁ ▁The ▁district ▁developed ▁between ▁about |
▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁and ▁include ▁notable ▁examples ▁of ▁Second ▁Empire ▁and ▁T ud or ▁Rev ival ▁style ▁architecture . ▁ ▁The ▁contrib uting ▁resources ▁include ▁the ▁Matt he ws ▁M ansion ▁( aka ▁Gray mont , ▁ 1 8 8 0 ), ▁Company ▁Store ▁Building ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 7 4 ), ▁Primary ▁Mill ▁Building ▁( 1 9 0 8 ), ▁D raft ing ▁Building ▁( 1 9 2 0 ), ▁Administration ▁Building ▁( c . ▁ 1 9 3 1 ), ▁and ▁two ▁p ump ▁houses ▁( c . ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁c . ▁ 1 9 5 5 ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁By be e ▁Stone ▁Company , ▁Inc . ▁website ▁ ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Ind ust rial ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Second ▁Empire ▁architecture ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : T ud or ▁Rev ival ▁architecture ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Mon roe ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁in ▁Mon roe ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Mon roe ▁County , ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁Corpor ate ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁Pat ▁Bishop , ▁Matt ▁In ge bre |
t son , ▁and ▁J ake ▁We is man . ▁A ▁ten - ep is ode ▁first ▁season ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Com edy ▁Central ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁renew ed ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁season . ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Com edy ▁Central ▁renew ed ▁the ▁series ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁and ▁final ▁season . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Corpor ate ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁mult in ational ▁corpor ation ▁Ham pton ▁De V ille ▁and ▁follows ▁the ▁miser able ▁lives ▁of ▁two ▁dow nt rod den ▁employees . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Main ▁ ▁Matt ▁In ge bre t son ▁as ▁Matt ▁Engel bert son ▁ ▁J ake ▁We is man ▁as ▁J ake ▁Le vin son ▁ ▁Anne ▁D ude k ▁as ▁Kate ▁G lass ▁ ▁Adam ▁L ust ick ▁as ▁John ▁Str ick land ▁ ▁A par na ▁Nan cher la ▁as ▁Grace ▁ ▁L ance ▁Red d ick ▁as ▁Christian ▁De V ille ▁ ▁Rec urr ing ▁ ▁Matt ▁Mc Car thy ▁as ▁Richard ▁ ▁Baron ▁V aug hn ▁as ▁Baron ▁Anna ▁Ak ana ▁as ▁Pa ige ▁S as he er ▁Zam ata ▁as ▁Jess ica ▁( Se ason ▁ 2 ) ▁ ▁Add itional ▁▁▁ ▁Br ent ▁Wein bach ▁as ▁Walter ▁ ▁Jon ▁Dal y ▁as ▁Jeff ▁ ▁Ron ▁Lyn ch ▁as ▁Kevin ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 |
1 8 ) ▁ ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁On ▁the ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁has ▁an ▁appro val ▁rating ▁of ▁ 8 7 % ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁reviews , ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 8 . 0 / 1 0 . ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁which ▁assign s ▁a ▁normal ized ▁rating , ▁the ▁series ▁has ▁a ▁score ▁ 7 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 7 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁favor able ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁black ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁sat ir ical ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁work place ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Com edy ▁Central ▁original ▁programming ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs <0x0A> </s> ▁Eug ene ▁Ak osa ▁Ke az or ▁C PM ▁( 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁– ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Niger ian ▁police ▁officer . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁until ▁Niger ia ' s ▁independence ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁he ▁held ▁the ▁most ▁senior ▁police ▁rank ▁ever ▁held ▁by ▁an ▁African ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁col ony , ▁ret iring ▁in |
▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁re put ed ▁that ▁at ▁many ▁stages ▁in ▁his ▁career , ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁senior ▁Ind igen ous ▁Police ▁Offic ers ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Col on ies . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Ke az or ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Ob osi , ▁Eastern ▁Niger ia ▁( in ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁An amb ra ▁State ) ▁on ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁to ▁ ▁I ke az or ▁U ba ▁O bol i ▁I , ▁a ▁local ▁chief ▁and ▁early ▁convert ▁to ▁Christian ity ▁in ▁Ob osi . ▁ ▁The ▁young ▁Ke az or ▁gained ▁ad mission ▁into ▁the ▁newly ▁founded ▁Ob osi ▁Community ▁School ▁and ▁then ▁Dennis ▁Memorial ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁in ▁On it sha ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Boy ▁Sc outs ▁of ▁Niger ia ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁In aug ural ▁World ▁Sc out ▁J amb ore e ▁in ▁Olymp ia , ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁ ▁Career ▁Ke az or ▁joined ▁the ▁West ▁African ▁Const ab ul ary ▁Force ▁around ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁Officer ▁Training ▁in ▁London , ▁appointed ▁Ins pect or ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁and ▁later , ▁assuming ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Ass istant ▁Super int endent . ▁Upon ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Niger ia ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁Command ▁of ▁the ▁P anti ▁Street ▁Police ▁Command ▁in |
▁Central ▁Lag os , ▁as ▁Div is ional ▁Police ▁Officer . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁Fun eral ▁ceremony ▁of ▁King ▁George ▁VI ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Police ▁Force ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁▁ ▁Ke az or ▁att ained ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Ass istant ▁Commission er ▁of ▁Police ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁most ▁senior ▁position ▁ever ▁held ▁by ▁an ▁African ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁Niger ia ▁Police ▁Force ▁while ▁it ▁was ▁still ▁under ▁the ▁Command ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Government . ▁He ▁distinguished ▁himself ▁in ▁service ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁police ▁cont ing ent ▁of ▁United ▁Nations ▁Peace - Ke eping ▁Force ▁draft ed ▁to ▁Congo - K in sh asa ▁during ▁the ▁crisis ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁where ▁he ▁lived ▁with ▁his ▁wife ▁Anne ▁Ab i ola ▁Ke az or ▁( née ▁Sol an ke ). ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁surv ived ▁by ▁several ▁children , ▁not ably ▁Chief ▁Tim othy ▁Ch ime zie ▁I ke az or ▁S AN ▁L LD , ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Leg al ▁A id ▁scheme , ▁The ▁Hon ou rable ▁Justice ▁Kenneth ▁Ke az or , ▁a ▁former ▁Att orney - General ▁and ▁Judge ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁High ▁Court , ▁Dr ▁Henry ▁Ke az or , ▁a ▁retired ▁Cons ult ant ▁Ana est het ist |
, ▁and ▁George ▁Ke az or , ▁a ▁former ▁British ▁Army ▁Par atro oper ▁and ▁Civil ▁Serv ant , ▁late ▁O y eb ola ▁D ada ▁Ad ed ir an ▁Ke az or ▁public ▁servant ▁at ▁Lag os ▁State ▁Jud ici ary . ▁ ▁Awards ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Police ▁Medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁B irth day ▁Hon ours . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁An amb ra ▁State ▁Category : N iger ian ▁police ▁officers ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Police ▁Medal ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁colonial ▁Niger ia ▁Category : N iger ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Ny í rm ár ton fal va ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁H aj d ú - B ih ar ▁county , ▁in ▁the ▁Northern ▁Great ▁P lain ▁region ▁of ▁eastern ▁Hung ary . ▁ ▁Geography ▁It ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 0 3 4 ▁people ▁( 2 0 1 5 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁H aj d ú - B ih ar ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Sp é cial ités ▁de ▁la ▁M aison ▁is ▁a ▁cook book ▁containing ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁reci pes ▁by ▁a ▁wide ▁array ▁of ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁cele brit ies ▁and ▁social ites . ▁The ▁book |
▁was ▁originally ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Anne ▁Morgan ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁raise ▁funds ▁for ▁her ▁non pro fit ▁organization , ▁the ▁American ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁France , ▁which ▁sought ▁to ▁bring ▁relief ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁population ▁in ▁w art ime . ▁Re print ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁Sp é cial ités ▁de ▁la ▁M aison ▁includes ▁reci pes ▁by ▁Salvador ▁Dal í , ▁Christian ▁D ior , ▁Kath ar ine ▁He p burn , ▁Charlie ▁Chap lin , ▁and ▁Helen ▁K eller ▁among ▁other ▁l umin aries . ▁ ▁Most ▁recently , ▁Sp é cial ités ▁de ▁la ▁M aison ▁was ▁repr int ed ▁with ▁a ▁pre face ▁and ▁select ▁bi ograph ies ▁by ▁former ▁Art ▁+ ▁Au ction ▁editor ▁Christ ine ▁Schw art z ▁Hart ley ▁and ▁a ▁for ew ord ▁by ▁Van ity ▁Fair ▁editor ▁Gray don ▁Carter . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : F rench ▁cook books ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁non - f iction ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁Z ap ard iel ▁de ▁la ▁C añ ada ▁is ▁a ▁municipality ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Á v ila , ▁Cast ile ▁and ▁León , ▁Spain . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁census ▁( INE ), ▁the ▁municipality ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 4 9 ▁inhabitants . ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Á v ila ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Á v ila <0x0A> |
</s> ▁Eastern ▁Victoria ▁Region ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁elect oral ▁regions ▁of ▁Victoria , ▁Australia , ▁which ▁elect s ▁five ▁members ▁to ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Council ▁( also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁upper ▁house ) ▁by ▁proportional ▁representation . ▁The ▁region ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁reform ▁of ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Legisl ative ▁Council . ▁ ▁The ▁region ▁compr ises ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁districts ▁of ▁Bass , ▁Ev ely n , ▁G embro ok , ▁Gi pp s land ▁East , ▁Gi pp s land ▁South , ▁H ast ings , ▁Mon bul k , ▁Mor ning ton , ▁Mor well , ▁Nar rac an ▁and ▁Ne pe an . ▁ ▁M embers ▁▁ 1 . Ass umed ▁office ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁following ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁D anny ▁O ' B rien . ▁ 2 . Ass umed ▁office ▁on ▁ 5 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁following ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁Philip ▁Davis . ▁ ▁Return ed ▁M LC s ▁by ▁seat ▁Se ats ▁are ▁allocated ▁by ▁single ▁transfer able ▁vote ▁using ▁group ▁voting ▁tick ets . ▁Ch anges ▁in ▁party ▁membership ▁between ▁elections ▁have ▁been ▁omitted ▁for ▁simplicity . ▁ ▁E lection ▁results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Eastern ▁Victoria ▁Region ▁Profile , ▁Victor ian ▁Elect oral ▁Commission ▁ ▁Category : E lect oral ▁regions ▁of ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Con sec r ated ▁life |
▁is ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁lived ▁by ▁bel ie vers ▁who ▁wish ▁to ▁follow ▁Jesus ▁Christ ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁exact ing ▁way . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁C ate ch ism ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁it ▁" is ▁character ized ▁by ▁the ▁public ▁profession ▁of ▁the ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els ▁of ▁pover ty , ▁ch ast ity , ▁and ▁ob ed ience , ▁in ▁a ▁stable ▁state ▁of ▁life ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁Church ". ▁The ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law ▁defines ▁it ▁as ▁" a ▁stable ▁form ▁of ▁living ▁by ▁which ▁the ▁faithful , ▁following ▁Christ ▁more ▁closely ▁under ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit , ▁are ▁totally ▁dedicated ▁to ▁God ▁who ▁is ▁loved ▁most ▁of ▁all , ▁so ▁that , ▁having ▁been ▁dedicated ▁by ▁a ▁new ▁and ▁special ▁title ▁to ▁his ▁honour , ▁to ▁the ▁building ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁Church , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁salv ation ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁they ▁st rive ▁for ▁the ▁per fection ▁of ▁char ity ▁in ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁of ▁God ▁and , ▁having ▁been ▁made ▁an ▁out standing ▁sign ▁in ▁the ▁Church , ▁for et ell ▁the ▁heaven ly ▁glory ." ▁ ▁What ▁makes ▁the ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁a ▁more ▁exact ing ▁way ▁of ▁Christian ▁living ▁is ▁the ▁public ▁religious ▁v ows ▁or ▁other ▁sacred ▁b onds ▁where by ▁the ▁consec r ated ▁persons ▁commit ▁themselves , ▁for ▁the ▁love ▁of ▁God , ▁to ▁observe ▁as ▁binding ▁the ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els ▁of ▁ch ast ity , |
▁pover ty ▁and ▁ob ed ience ▁from ▁the ▁G ospel , ▁or ▁at ▁least , ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁vir g ins ▁and ▁wid ows / wid ow ers , ▁a ▁v ow ▁of ▁total ▁ch ast ity . ▁The ▁Bened ict ine ▁v ow ▁as ▁laid ▁down ▁in ▁the ▁Rule ▁of ▁Saint ▁Bened ict , ▁ch . ▁ 5 8 : 1 7 , ▁is ▁analog ous ▁to ▁the ▁more ▁usual ▁v ow ▁of ▁religious ▁instit utes . ▁Con sec r ated ▁persons ▁are ▁not ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁hierarchy ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁unless ▁they ▁are ▁also ▁ord ained ▁b ish ops , ▁pri ests ▁or ▁de a cons . ▁ ▁The ▁C ate ch ism ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁comments : ▁" From ▁the ▁very ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁there ▁were ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁who ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁follow ▁Christ ▁with ▁greater ▁liberty , ▁and ▁to ▁im itate ▁him ▁more ▁closely , ▁by ▁pract ising ▁the ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els . ▁They ▁led ▁lives ▁dedicated ▁to ▁God , ▁each ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁way . ▁Many ▁of ▁them , ▁under ▁the ▁insp iration ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit , ▁became ▁herm its ▁or ▁founded ▁religious ▁families . ▁Thus ▁the ▁Church , ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁her ▁authority , ▁glad ly ▁accepted ▁and ▁approved ▁them ." ▁ ▁Con sec r ated ▁life ▁may ▁be ▁lived ▁either ▁in ▁instit utes ▁or ▁individually . ▁While ▁those ▁living ▁it ▁are ▁either ▁cler gy ▁( if ▁ord ained ) ▁or ▁lay ▁people , ▁the |
▁state ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁is ▁neither ▁cler ical ▁nor ▁lay ▁by ▁nature . ▁ ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁are ▁either ▁religious ▁instit utes ▁or ▁sec ular ▁instit utes . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁instit utes ▁are ▁soci eties ▁in ▁which ▁members , ▁according ▁to ▁proper ▁law , ▁pron ounce ▁public ▁v ows , ▁either ▁perpet ual ▁or ▁temporary , ▁which ▁are ▁to ▁be ▁renew ed , ▁however , ▁when ▁the ▁period ▁of ▁time ▁has ▁la ps ed , ▁and ▁lead ▁a ▁life ▁as ▁brothers ▁or ▁sister s ▁in ▁common ". ▁Sec ular ▁instit utes , ▁are ▁" inst it utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Christian ▁faithful , ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁st rive ▁for ▁the ▁per fection ▁of ▁char ity ▁and ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁san ct ification ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁especially ▁from ▁within ". ▁ ▁Other ▁forms ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁▁ ▁Besides ▁instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life , ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁recogn izes : ▁the ▁er emit ic ▁life , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁anchor it ic ▁life , ▁" by ▁which ▁the ▁Christian ▁faithful ▁dev ote ▁their ▁life ▁to ▁the ▁pra ise ▁of ▁God ▁and ▁salv ation ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁through ▁a ▁str ic ter ▁separation ▁from ▁the ▁world , ▁the ▁silence ▁of ▁sol itude ▁and ▁ass id uous ▁prayer ▁and ▁pen ance ". ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁law ▁recogn izes ▁as ▁a ▁herm it ▁" one ▁dedicated ▁to ▁God ▁in ▁a ▁consec r |
ated ▁life ▁if ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁public ly ▁prof esses ▁the ▁three ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els , ▁confirmed ▁by ▁a ▁v ow ▁or ▁other ▁sacred ▁bond , ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁dioc es an ▁bishop , ▁and ▁obser ves ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁own ▁plan ▁of ▁life ▁under ▁his ▁direction ". ▁" They ▁manifest ▁to ▁everyone ▁the ▁interior ▁aspect ▁of ▁the ▁mystery ▁of ▁the ▁Church , ▁that ▁is , ▁personal ▁int im acy ▁with ▁Christ . ▁H idden ▁from ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁men , ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁herm it ▁is ▁a ▁silent ▁pre aching ▁of ▁the ▁Lord , ▁to ▁whom ▁he ▁has ▁surrender ed ▁his ▁life ▁simply ▁because ▁he ▁is ▁everything ▁to ▁him . ▁Here ▁is ▁a ▁particular ▁call ▁to ▁find ▁in ▁the ▁desert , ▁in ▁the ▁thick ▁of ▁spiritual ▁battle , ▁the ▁glory ▁of ▁the ▁Cru c ified ▁One ." ▁Con sec r ated ▁vir g ins ▁who ▁" express ing ▁the ▁holy ▁resolution ▁of ▁following ▁Jesus ▁more ▁closely , ▁are ▁consec r ated ▁to ▁God ▁by ▁the ▁dioc es an ▁bishop ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁approved ▁lit urg ical ▁r ite , ▁are ▁myst ically ▁bet ro th ed ▁to ▁Christ , ▁the ▁Son ▁of ▁God , ▁and ▁are ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁Church ". ▁ ▁Sac red ▁vir g ins ▁are ▁one ▁of ▁oldest ▁forms ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life , ▁and ▁the ▁Or do ▁Virgin um ▁( Order ▁of ▁Vir g ins ) ▁began ▁with ▁the ▁consec r ation ▁of ▁the ▁B less ed ▁Virgin ▁Mary |
▁at ▁the ▁Ann unci ation . ▁ ▁They ▁" share ▁with ▁the ▁Church ▁her ▁own ▁title ▁of ▁Virgin , ▁B ride , ▁and ▁Mother " ▁and ▁have ▁a ▁specifically ▁sp ous al ▁voc ation ▁with ▁Jesus ▁Christ . ▁Con sec r ated ▁wid ows ▁may ▁be ▁established ▁who , ▁like ▁vir g ins , ▁" prof ess ▁ch ast ity ▁apart ▁from ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁a ▁public ▁profession ". ▁Pope ▁John ▁Paul ▁II ' s ▁post - syn od al ▁apost ol ic ▁ex h ort ation ▁V ita ▁consec r ata ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁said : ▁" Ag ain ▁being ▁pract ised ▁today ▁is ▁the ▁consec r ation ▁of ▁wid ows , ▁known ▁since ▁apost ol ic ▁times ▁( cf . ▁, ▁; ▁), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁consec r ation ▁of ▁wid ow ers . ▁These ▁women ▁and ▁men , ▁through ▁a ▁v ow ▁of ▁perpet ual ▁ch ast ity ▁as ▁a ▁sign ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁God , ▁consec rate ▁their ▁state ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁dev ote ▁themselves ▁to ▁prayer ▁and ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁Church ." ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁Latin ▁Church ▁has ▁no ▁specific ▁lit urg ical ▁r ite ▁for ▁the ▁consec r ation ▁of ▁wid ows ▁and ▁wid ow ers , ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Can ons ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Church es ▁en vis ages ▁individual ▁eastern ▁Church es ▁choosing ▁to ▁have ▁consec r ated ▁wid ows . ▁The ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law ▁and ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Can ons |
▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Church es ▁en vis age ▁new ▁forms ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁being ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁Holy ▁See . ▁ ▁Soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life ▁▁ ▁Soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life ▁are ▁dedicated ▁to ▁purs uit ▁of ▁an ▁apost ol ic ▁purpose , ▁such ▁as ▁educational ▁or ▁mission ary ▁work . ▁They ▁" res emble ▁instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life " ▁but ▁are ▁distinct ▁from ▁them . ▁The ▁members ▁do ▁not ▁take ▁religious ▁v ows , ▁but ▁live ▁in ▁common , ▁st riv ing ▁for ▁per fection ▁through ▁obser ving ▁the ▁" const itution s " ▁of ▁the ▁society ▁to ▁which ▁they ▁belong . ▁Some ▁soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life , ▁but ▁not ▁all ▁of ▁them , ▁define ▁in ▁their ▁constitution s ▁" b onds " ▁of ▁a ▁certain ▁perman ence ▁where by ▁their ▁members ▁em brace ▁the ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els . ▁The ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law ▁gives ▁for ▁soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life ▁reg ulations ▁much ▁less ▁detailed ▁than ▁for ▁instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life , ▁in ▁many ▁instances ▁simply ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁constitution s ▁of ▁the ▁individual ▁soci eties . ▁ ▁Although ▁soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life ▁may ▁in ▁extern als ▁res emble ▁religious ▁life , ▁a ▁major ▁distinction ▁is ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁themselves ▁consec r ated ▁and ▁their ▁state ▁of ▁life ▁does ▁not ▁change ▁( i . e . ▁they ▁remain ▁sec ular ▁cler ics ▁or ▁lay pers ons |
). ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁soci eties ▁of ▁apost ol ic ▁life ▁are ▁the ▁Or atory ▁of ▁Saint ▁Philip ▁N eri , ▁the ▁D augh ters ▁of ▁Char ity ▁of ▁Saint ▁Vincent ▁de ▁Paul , ▁and ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁the ▁Pri ests ▁of ▁Saint ▁Sul p ice , ▁and ▁soci eties ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁of ▁St . ▁Col um ban . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁Each ▁major ▁development ▁in ▁religious ▁life , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁Latin ▁West , ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁of ▁the ▁very ▁dev out ▁to ▁a ▁particular ▁crisis ▁in ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁their ▁day . ▁ ▁E rem it ic ▁life ▁▁ ▁When ▁Const antine ▁the ▁Great ▁was ▁legal izing ▁Christian ity ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 4 th ▁century , ▁and ▁the ▁Christian ▁faith ▁became ▁the ▁fav oured ▁religion , ▁it ▁lost ▁the ▁self - s ac r ific ing ▁character ▁that ▁had ▁prof ound ly ▁marked ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁Roman ▁per sec ution . ▁In ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁mart yr dom ▁for ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁God , ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁very ▁dev out ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁left ▁the ▁cities ▁for ▁the ▁test ings ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁desert ▁that ▁was ▁meant ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁individual ▁back ▁into ▁a ▁more ▁int imate ▁relationship ▁with ▁God , ▁just ▁like ▁the ▁wand ering ▁of ▁the ▁Israel ites ▁in ▁the ▁W ilder ness ▁of ▁Sin . ▁The ▁Greek ▁word ▁for ▁desert , ▁er emos , ▁gave ▁this |
▁form ▁of ▁religious ▁living ▁the ▁name ▁er emit ic ▁( or ▁er emit ical ) ▁life , ▁and ▁the ▁person ▁leading ▁it ▁the ▁name ▁herm it . ▁Anthony ▁the ▁Great ▁and ▁other ▁early ▁leaders ▁provided ▁guidance ▁to ▁less ▁experienced ▁herm its , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁soon ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁Christian ▁herm its , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁desert ▁of ▁Egypt ▁and ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁Sy ria . ▁ ▁Though ▁the ▁er emit ic ▁life ▁would ▁eventually ▁be ▁over shadow ed ▁by ▁the ▁far ▁more ▁numerous ▁voc ations ▁to ▁the ▁c en ob it ic ▁life , ▁it ▁did ▁surv ive . ▁The ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁saw ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁a ▁variant ▁of ▁the ▁herm it , ▁the ▁anchor ite ; ▁and ▁life ▁in ▁Car th us ian ▁and ▁Cam ald ol ese ▁monaster ies ▁has ▁an ▁er emit ic ▁emphas is . ▁The ▁Greek ▁Orth odox ▁and ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁Church es ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁er emit ic ▁trad itions , ▁of ▁which ▁Mount ▁Ath os ▁is ▁perhaps ▁the ▁most ▁widely ▁heard ▁of ▁today . ▁ ▁In ▁modern ▁times , ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁recogn ises ▁herm its ▁who ▁- ▁without ▁being ▁members ▁of ▁a ▁religious ▁inst itute ▁- ▁public ly ▁profess ▁the ▁three ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els , ▁confirmed ▁by ▁v ow ▁or ▁other ▁sacred ▁bond ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁their ▁respective ▁dioc es an ▁bishop , ▁as ▁Christian ▁faithful ▁that ▁live ▁the ▁consec r ated ▁life |
▁( cf . ▁canon ▁ 6 0 3 , ▁see ▁also ▁below ). ▁ ▁Mon astic ▁instit utes ▁▁ ▁The ▁er emit ic ▁life ▁was ▁apparently ▁health y ▁for ▁some , ▁but ▁led ▁to ▁im bal ance ▁in ▁others . ▁P ach om ius ▁the ▁Great , ▁a ▁near - cont empor ary ▁of ▁Anthony ▁the ▁Great , ▁recognized ▁that ▁some ▁mon ks ▁needed ▁the ▁guidance ▁and ▁rh ythm ▁of ▁a ▁community ▁( cen ob ium ). ▁He ▁is ▁generally ▁cred ited ▁with ▁found ing , ▁in ▁Egypt , ▁the ▁first ▁community ▁of ▁mon ks , ▁thus ▁launch ing ▁C en ob it ic ▁mon astic ism . ▁ ▁Bas il ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century , ▁and ▁Bened ict ▁of ▁N urs ia ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁century , ▁author ed ▁the ▁most ▁influ ential ▁" rules " ▁for ▁religious ▁living ▁in ▁their ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁world ▁(" rule " ▁in ▁this ▁sense ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁pre cept s , ▁compiled ▁as ▁gu idel ines ▁for ▁how ▁to ▁follow ▁the ▁spiritual ▁life ). ▁They ▁organized ▁a ▁common ▁life ▁with ▁a ▁daily ▁schedule ▁of ▁prayer , ▁work , ▁spiritual ▁reading ▁and ▁rest . ▁ ▁Al most ▁all ▁monaster ies ▁in ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Catholic ▁Church es ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁today ▁follow ▁the ▁Rule ▁of ▁St ▁Bas il . ▁The ▁Rule ▁of ▁St ▁Bened ict ▁is ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁orders ▁of ▁mon ast ics |
▁in ▁the ▁West , ▁including ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁Bened ict , ▁C ister ci ans , ▁Tra pp ists , ▁and ▁Cam ald ol ese , ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁influence ▁in ▁Car th us ian ▁life . ▁ ▁Can ons ▁regular ▁ ▁Can ons ▁regular ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁certain ▁bodies ▁of ▁pri ests ▁living ▁in ▁community ▁under ▁the ▁August in ian ▁Rule ▁( reg ula ▁in ▁Latin ), ▁and ▁sharing ▁their ▁property ▁in ▁common . ▁Dist inct ▁from ▁mon ks , ▁who ▁live ▁a ▁clo ister ed , ▁cont empl ative ▁life ▁and ▁sometimes ▁eng age ▁in ▁min istry ▁to ▁those ▁from ▁outside ▁the ▁monaster y , ▁can ons ▁dev ote ▁themselves ▁to ▁public ▁min istry ▁of ▁lit ur gy ▁and ▁sacr aments ▁for ▁those ▁who ▁visit ▁their ▁churches . ▁ ▁Histor ically , ▁mon astic ▁life ▁was ▁by ▁its ▁nature ▁lay , ▁but ▁canonical ▁life ▁was ▁essentially ▁cler ical . ▁ ▁M end ic ant ▁instit utes ▁▁ ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century ▁during ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁medieval ▁towns ▁and ▁cities ▁the ▁m end ic ant ▁orders ▁developed . ▁While ▁the ▁mon astic ▁found ations ▁were ▁rural ▁institutions ▁marked ▁by ▁a ▁retre at ▁from ▁sec ular ▁society , ▁the ▁m end ic ants ▁were ▁urban ▁found ations ▁organized ▁to ▁eng age ▁sec ular ▁city ▁life ▁and ▁to ▁meet ▁some ▁of ▁its ▁needs ▁such ▁as ▁education ▁and ▁service ▁to ▁the ▁poor . ▁The ▁five ▁primary ▁m end ic ant ▁religious ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 3 th |
▁century ▁are ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Fri ars ▁Pre ach ers ▁( the ▁Domin icans ), ▁Order ▁of ▁Fri ars ▁Minor ▁( the ▁Francis c ans ), ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Serv ants ▁of ▁Mary ▁( Serv ite ▁Order ), ▁Order ▁of ▁St . ▁August ine ▁( August ini ans ) ▁and ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Mount ▁Car mel ▁( the ▁Car mel ites ). ▁Un like ▁the ▁mon ks ▁and ▁n uns ▁of ▁the ▁earlier ▁orders , ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁latter ▁orders ▁called ▁their ▁houses ▁convent s , ▁rather ▁than ▁monaster ies ▁( in ▁English , ▁Domin ican ▁convent s ▁for ▁men ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁called ▁pri ories , ▁and ▁Fr ans cis can ▁and ▁Car mel ite ▁convent s ▁fri aries ). ▁ ▁Apost ol ic ▁instit utes ▁▁ ▁Until ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁recognition ▁was ▁granted ▁only ▁to ▁instit utes ▁with ▁solemn ▁v ows . ▁Instit utes ▁with ▁simple ▁v ows ▁arose ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁and ▁increased ▁in ▁number . ▁After ▁at ▁first ▁being ▁merely ▁toler ated , ▁they ▁afterwards ▁obtained ▁appro val . ▁They ▁provided ▁specific ▁services ▁or ▁minist ries ▁for ▁the ▁Church ▁and ▁society , ▁building ▁schools , ▁hosp it als ▁and ▁new ▁mission ary ▁enter pr ises ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁The ▁period ▁of ▁their ▁greatest ▁growth ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁France ▁and ▁Belg ium . ▁Only ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁did ▁they ▁obtain ▁full ▁recognition |
▁as ▁religious . ▁ ▁The ▁Society ▁of ▁Jesus ▁is ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁an ▁inst itute ▁that ▁obtained ▁recognition ▁as ▁an ▁" order " ▁with ▁solemn ▁v ows , ▁although ▁the ▁members ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁the ▁prof essed ▁with ▁solemn ▁v ows ▁( a ▁minor ity ) ▁and ▁the ▁" co adj utors " ▁with ▁simple ▁v ows . ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Re formation , ▁introdu cing ▁several ▁innov ations ▁designed ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century ▁crisis . ▁Its ▁members ▁were ▁fre ed ▁from ▁the ▁commit ments ▁of ▁common ▁life , ▁especially ▁the ▁common ▁prayer , ▁which ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁minister ▁individually ▁in ▁distant ▁places . ▁Their ▁unus ually ▁long ▁formation , ▁typically ▁th ir teen ▁years , ▁prepared ▁them ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁intellectual ▁tradition ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁even ▁in ▁isol ation . ▁ ▁Cong reg ations ▁▁▁ ▁By ▁the ▁constitution ▁Inter ▁c eter a ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 5 2 1 , ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁X ▁appointed ▁a ▁rule ▁for ▁t ert i aries ▁with ▁simple ▁v ows . ▁Under ▁this ▁rule , ▁en closure ▁was ▁optional , ▁en abling ▁non - en closed ▁follow ers ▁of ▁the ▁rule ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁various ▁works ▁of ▁char ity ▁not ▁allowed ▁to ▁en closed ▁religious . ▁In ▁ 1 5 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 5 6 8 , ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁V ▁rejected ▁this ▁class ▁of ▁inst itute , ▁but ▁they ▁continued ▁to ▁exist ▁and ▁even |
▁increased ▁in ▁number . ▁After ▁at ▁first ▁being ▁merely ▁toler ated , ▁they ▁afterwards ▁obtained ▁appro val , ▁finally ▁gain ing ▁on ▁ 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁recognition ▁as ▁religious . ▁Their ▁lives ▁were ▁orient ed ▁not ▁to ▁the ▁ancient ▁mon astic ▁way ▁of ▁life , ▁but ▁more ▁to ▁social ▁service ▁and ▁to ▁evangel ization , ▁both ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁in ▁mission ▁areas . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁these ▁" con greg ations " ▁( not ▁" orders ") ▁increased ▁further ▁in ▁the ▁up he av als ▁brought ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁and ▁subsequent ▁Napole onic ▁invas ions ▁of ▁other ▁Catholic ▁countries , ▁dep riv ing ▁thousands ▁of ▁mon ks ▁and ▁n uns ▁of ▁the ▁income ▁that ▁their ▁communities ▁held ▁because ▁of ▁inherit ances ▁and ▁forcing ▁them ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁new ▁way ▁of ▁living ▁their ▁religious ▁life ▁ ▁Sec ular ▁instit utes ▁▁ ▁Sec ular ▁instit utes ▁have ▁their ▁modern ▁beg inn ings ▁in ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁France . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution , ▁the ▁government ▁attempted ▁to ▁de ch rist ian ise ▁France . ▁The ▁French ▁government ▁had ▁required ▁all ▁pri ests ▁and ▁b ish ops ▁to ▁swe ar ▁an ▁o ath ▁of ▁f idel ity ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁order ▁or ▁face ▁dismiss al ▁from ▁the ▁Church , ▁and ▁had ▁forb idden ▁any ▁form ▁of ▁religious ▁life . ▁Fr ▁Pierre - Jose ph ▁Pic ot ▁de ▁Cl or iv ière , ▁a ▁Jes uit , ▁founded ▁a ▁new ▁society ▁of ▁dioc es an ▁pri ests , ▁the |
▁Institute ▁of ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Jesus . ▁He ▁also ▁founded ▁the ▁D augh ters ▁of ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary ▁( ). ▁While ▁living ▁a ▁life ▁of ▁per fection , ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁take ▁v ows , ▁remaining ▁a ▁sec ular ▁inst itute ▁to ▁avoid ▁being ▁considered ▁a ▁religious ▁society ▁by ▁the ▁government . ▁They ▁would ▁eventually ▁receive ▁pont ific al ▁inst itute ▁status ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁The ▁D augh ters ▁of ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary , ▁though ▁res emb ling ▁a ▁sec ular ▁inst itute ▁in ▁some ▁ways , ▁were ▁recognized ▁as ▁an ▁inst itute ▁of ▁religious ▁life . ▁On ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁XII ▁issued ▁the ▁apost ol ic ▁constitution ▁Prov ida ▁M ater ▁E cc lesia ▁recogn izing ▁sec ular ▁instit utes ▁as ▁" a ▁new ▁category ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁per fection " ▁( ). ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law ▁recogn izes ▁sec ular ▁instit utes ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life . ▁They ▁differ ▁from ▁religious ▁instit utes ▁in ▁that ▁their ▁members ▁live ▁their ▁lives ▁in ▁the ▁ordinary ▁conditions ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁either ▁alone , ▁in ▁their ▁families ▁or ▁in ▁frat ernal ▁groups . ▁They ▁include , ▁among ▁others , ▁Car itas ▁Christ i , ▁The ▁Gra il , ▁and ▁the ▁Serv ite ▁Sec ular ▁Institute . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Christian ▁mon astic ism ▁Cong reg ation ▁for ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁Con sec r ated ▁Life ▁and ▁Soci |
eties ▁of ▁Apost ol ic ▁Life ▁Dioc es an ▁priest ▁En closed ▁religious ▁orders ▁Institute ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life ▁List ▁of ▁some ▁religious ▁instit utes ▁( C atholic ) ▁Mon astic ism ▁Relig ious ▁inst itute ▁( C atholic ) ▁Sec ular ▁Institute ▁Society ▁of ▁Apost ol ic ▁Life ▁So lem n ▁v ow ▁V oc ational ▁Disc ern ment ▁in ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Section ▁on ▁the ▁Con sec r ated ▁Life ▁in ▁The ▁Code ▁of ▁Can on ▁Law , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Apost ol ic ▁Ex h ort ation ▁V ita ▁Con sec r ata ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Father ▁John ▁Paul ▁II , ▁Rome ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁C ate ch ism ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁– ▁" The ▁Con sec r ated ▁Life " ▁Con sec r ated ▁Life : ▁ 6 0 ▁Years ▁of ▁Mag ister ial ▁Document s ▁Relig ious Life . com , ▁resources ▁and ▁voc ation ▁search ▁from ▁the ▁Institute ▁on ▁Relig ious ▁Life ▁Clo ister ed Life . com ▁with ▁information , ▁photos , ▁and ▁community ▁profiles ▁of ▁clo ister ed ▁women ' s ▁( and ▁men ' s ) ▁communities ▁V ocation Network . org ▁compreh ensive ▁resource ▁about ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁voc ations ▁and ▁instit utes ▁of ▁consec r ated ▁life . ▁Digital V ocation Gu ide . org ▁digital ▁edition ▁of ▁V IS ION , ▁the ▁annual ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁voc ation ▁disc ern ment ▁guide . ▁ ▁Category : Christ ian |
▁religious ▁occup ations ▁Category : C atholic ▁Church ▁organisation ▁Category : Christ ian ▁termin ology ▁Category : A sc etic ism ▁ ▁Co ▁Category : C atholic ▁spiritual ity ▁Category : Christ ian ▁behaviour ▁and ▁experience ▁Category : Can on ▁law ▁of ▁religious ▁Category : Can on ▁law ▁of ▁persons <0x0A> </s> ▁Don na ▁Ax um ▁( J anu ary ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁beauty ▁page ant ▁winner , ▁author , ▁television ▁executive ▁producer , ▁phil anth rop ist ▁and ▁model . ▁She ▁was ▁crown ed ▁Miss ▁America ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁One ▁month ▁earlier ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁crown ed ▁Miss ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁After ▁her ▁Miss ▁America ▁win , ▁Ax um ▁taught ▁classes ▁at ▁Texas ▁Te ch ▁University ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁television ▁such ▁as ▁st arring ▁on ▁The ▁No on ▁Show ▁and ▁Good ▁Mor ning ▁Ark ansas . ▁As ide ▁from ▁Miss ▁America , ▁Ax um ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁civ ic ▁leader ▁as ▁she ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Committee ▁for ▁the ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁Kennedy ▁Center ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁after ▁being ▁nominated ▁by ▁President ▁Bill ▁Cl inton , ▁the ▁Fort ▁W orth ▁Sym phony , ▁the ▁Van ▁C lib urn ▁Foundation ▁and ▁Texas ▁Christian ▁University ▁College ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁Board ▁of ▁Vis itors . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Ax um ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁El ▁Dor ado , ▁Ark ansas . ▁Ax um ' s |
▁father ▁was ▁Hur ley ▁B . ▁Ax um , ▁a ▁bank er . ▁Ax um ' s ▁mother ▁w ax ▁Id elle ▁Ax um . ▁Ax um ▁has ▁a ▁sister , ▁Mon a . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁Ax um ▁graduated ▁from ▁El ▁Dor ado ▁High ▁School . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Ax um ' s ▁Miss ▁America ▁scholar ship ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁complete ▁her ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Master ▁of ▁Arts ▁degrees ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ark ansas ▁at ▁F ay ette ville ▁in ▁speech / d rama , ▁television ▁and ▁film . ▁While ▁there , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁D elta ▁I ota ▁chapter ▁of ▁D elta ▁D elta ▁D elta . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Miss ▁Union ▁County ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁during ▁Ax um ' s ▁high ▁school ▁senior ▁year , ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁beauty ▁page ant ▁title ▁for ▁Miss ▁Union ▁County . ▁ ▁Miss ▁Ark ansas ▁ ▁Before ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁Ax um ▁first ▁competed ▁for ▁Miss ▁Ark ansas ▁before ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁but ▁was ▁un success ful . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁before ▁her ▁final ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ark ansas , ▁Ax um ▁became ▁a ▁contest ant ▁again ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁beauty ▁page ant ▁title ▁as ▁Miss ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁Miss ▁America ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁ ▁Ax um ▁won ▁the ▁Miss ▁America ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁page ant ▁about |
▁a ▁month ▁later . ▁Ax um ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁only ▁three ▁Ark ans ans ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁title . ▁The ▁other ▁two ▁are ▁Elizabeth ▁Ward ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁and ▁Sav vy ▁Sh ield s ▁( 2 0 1 6 ). ▁ ▁Communic ations ▁and ▁entertain ment ▁ ▁Ax um ▁held ▁many ▁titles ▁after ▁serving ▁as ▁Miss ▁America : ▁university ▁instruct or , ▁author , ▁television ▁executive ▁producer , ▁TV ▁host ess , ▁professional ▁speaker ▁and ▁civ ic ▁leader . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁Ax um ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn us ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ark ansas ▁and ▁served ▁on ▁its ▁National ▁Development ▁Council . ▁She ▁also ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁ste ering ▁committee ▁of ▁a ▁seven - year ▁capital ▁campaign ▁that ▁raised ▁more ▁than ▁$ 1 . 0 4 6 ▁billion ▁for ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Ax um ▁taught ▁speech ▁classes ▁at ▁Texas ▁Te ch ▁University ▁in ▁Lub bo ck , ▁Texas , ▁and ▁later ▁worked ▁in ▁television , ▁st arring ▁in ▁programs ▁like ▁The ▁No on ▁Show ▁and ▁Good ▁Mor ning ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁Ax um ▁was ▁nominated ▁by ▁President ▁Bill ▁Cl inton ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁bo ards ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Committee ▁for ▁the ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁Kennedy ▁Center ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C .. ▁She ▁also ▁served ▁at ▁the ▁Fort ▁W orth ▁Sym phony , ▁the ▁Van ▁C lib urn ▁Foundation , ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁f amed ▁pian ist ▁ ▁from ▁Sh re ve |
port , ▁Louisiana , ▁and ▁the ▁Texas ▁Christian ▁University ▁College ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁Board ▁of ▁Vis itors . ▁ ▁Ax um ▁remained ▁active ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ark ansas , ▁particip ating ▁in ▁campaign s ▁to ▁help ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁university ' s ▁fund ra ising ▁efforts ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Ax um ▁first ▁married ▁Michael ▁Alan ▁Buck ley ▁and ▁had ▁one ▁child , ▁Lisa . ▁They ▁later ▁divor ced . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁Ax um ▁married ▁G us ▁Franklin ▁M utsch er , ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁Texas ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁later ▁as ▁the ▁Washington ▁County ▁judge . ▁The ▁pair ▁divor ced ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁They ▁had ▁a ▁son , ▁G us ▁H . ▁M utsch er . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁Ax um ▁married ▁J . ▁Bry an ▁Whit worth , ▁executive ▁vice ▁president ▁of ▁Con oco Ph ill ips . ▁The ▁Whit worth s ▁lived ▁in ▁Fort ▁W orth , ▁Texas . ▁They ▁had ▁three ▁children , ▁Elizabeth , ▁Su z anne , ▁and ▁C ath y . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁author ▁Ax um ▁p enn ed ▁How ▁to ▁Be ▁and ▁Look ▁Your ▁Best ▁Every day : ▁A ▁Com pre h ensive ▁Guide ▁from ▁a ▁Form er ▁Miss ▁America ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁Ax |
um ▁died ▁on ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 7 6 ▁in ▁Fort ▁W orth ▁from ▁comp lications ▁of ▁Park inson ' s ▁disease . ▁ ▁Ax um ▁is ▁buried ▁at ▁Fair view ▁Memorial ▁Gard ens ▁in ▁F ay ette ville , ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Miss ▁America ▁title hold ers ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁D elta ▁D elta ▁D elta ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al um na e ▁profile ▁ ▁video ▁with ▁trans cript ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁death s ▁Category : B apt ists ▁from ▁Texas ▁Category : Miss ▁America ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁deleg ates ▁Category : Miss ▁America ▁Pre lim inary ▁Sw im suit ▁w inners ▁Category : Miss ▁America ▁w inners ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁El ▁Dor ado , ▁Ark ansas ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Fort ▁W orth , ▁Texas ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Washington ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Ark ansas ▁al umn i ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁Park inson ' s ▁disease ▁Category : D ise ase - related ▁death s ▁in ▁Texas ▁Category : Tex as ▁Te ch ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : B apt ists ▁from ▁Ark ansas <0x0A> </s> ▁Teams ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁athlet es ▁representing ▁different ▁National ▁Olympic ▁Comm itte es ▁( NO C s ), ▁called ▁mixed - NO C s ▁teams , ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 |
0 1 8 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics . ▁These ▁teams ▁participated ▁in ▁either ▁events ▁composed ▁entirely ▁of ▁mixed - NO C s ▁teams , ▁or ▁in ▁events ▁which ▁saw ▁the ▁participation ▁of ▁mixed - NO C s ▁teams ▁and ▁non - m ixed - NO C s ▁teams . ▁When ▁a ▁mixed - NO C s ▁team ▁won ▁a ▁medal , ▁the ▁Olympic ▁flag ▁was ▁raised ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁national ▁flag ; ▁if ▁a ▁mixed - NO C s ▁team ▁won ▁gold , ▁the ▁Olympic ▁anth em ▁would ▁be ▁played ▁instead ▁of ▁national ▁anth ems . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁events ▁with ▁M ixed ▁NO C s ▁were ▁held . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁mixed - NO C s ▁was ▁introduced ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics , ▁in ▁which ▁athlet es ▁from ▁different ▁nations ▁would ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁team , ▁often ▁representing ▁their ▁continent . ▁This ▁is ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁M ixed ▁team ▁( IO C ▁code : ▁Z Z X ) ▁found ▁at ▁early ▁senior ▁Olympic ▁Games . ▁ ▁Arch ery ▁ ▁Bad m inton ▁ ▁Cy cling ▁ ▁Cy cling ▁featured ▁a ▁mixed ▁team ▁competition ▁with ▁one ▁mixed - NO C ▁entry , ▁but ▁med als ▁were ▁won ▁by ▁individual ▁NO C s . ▁ ▁D ances port ▁ ▁D iving ▁ ▁E quest rian ▁ ▁F encing ▁ ▁G olf ▁ ▁G olf ▁featured ▁mixed ▁team ▁competition ▁with ▁one ▁mixed - NO C ▁entry , ▁but ▁med als ▁were |
▁won ▁by ▁individual ▁NO C s . ▁ ▁G ymn ast ics ▁ ▁J udo ▁ ▁Modern ▁pent ath lon ▁ ▁Sho oting ▁ ▁Table ▁tennis ▁ ▁Table ▁tennis ▁featured ▁mixed ▁team ▁competition , ▁but ▁med als ▁were ▁won ▁by ▁individual ▁NO C s . ▁ ▁Tennis ▁ ▁Tri ath lon ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics ▁medal ▁table ▁ ▁M ixed - NO C s ▁at ▁the ▁Youth ▁Olympics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁Summer ▁Youth ▁Olympics ▁Category : M ixed ▁teams ▁at ▁the ▁Youth ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁In nos on ▁Group ▁vs ▁GT B ank ▁fra ud ▁case ▁involves ▁claims ▁where ▁pla int iff ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁claims ▁that ▁▁ ▁GT ▁Bank ▁ow es ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁a ▁large ▁sum ▁of ▁money ▁that ▁after ▁ 2 2 % ▁interest ▁comp ounded ▁ann ually ▁over ▁several ▁years ▁tot als ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 8 . 9 ▁billion . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁government ▁is ▁also ▁investig ating ▁claims ▁that ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁is ▁guilty ▁of ▁fra ud . ▁▁ ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁began ▁its ▁case ▁against ▁GT ▁Bank ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Rec ently , ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁claim ▁against ▁GT ▁Bank , ▁and ▁the ▁company ▁says ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁due ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁GT ▁Bank ▁in ▁lieu ▁of ▁receiving ▁its ▁money . ▁The ▁sc andal ▁received ▁public |
ity ▁after ▁the ▁arrest ▁of ▁the ▁Inn ons on ▁chairman ▁by ▁the ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Fin an cial ▁Cr imes ▁Commission . ▁In nos on ▁took ▁the ▁dispute ▁to ▁social ▁media , ▁with ▁has ht ags ▁such ▁as ▁# B ew are Of GT B ank ▁and ▁# What Is W rong With GT B ank . ▁In ▁a ▁TV C ▁News ▁interview , ▁In noc ent ▁Ch uk w uma ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁obtained ▁an ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 8 ▁billion ▁jud g ement ▁against ▁the ▁bank . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁GT B ank ▁extended ▁credit ▁to ▁In nos on ; ▁under ▁loan ▁terms ▁agreed ▁to ▁by ▁Ch uk w uma ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁In nos on , ▁propriet ary ▁interest ▁in ▁imported ▁goods ▁was ▁exclus ively ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁bank . ▁The ▁original ▁sh ipping ▁documents ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁bank ' s ▁cust ody , ▁and ▁ownership ▁could ▁only ▁be ▁transferred ▁to ▁In nos on ▁( or ▁any ▁other ▁third ▁party ) ▁by ▁the ▁bank ▁when ▁the ▁conditions ▁of ▁the ▁agreement ▁were ▁ful filled . ▁Ch uk w uma ▁approached ▁the ▁bank ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁In nos on ▁for ▁the ▁documents , ▁and ▁was ▁refused ▁due ▁to ▁In nos on ' s ▁failure ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁agreed ▁conditions ; ▁however , ▁the ▁bank ▁noticed ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁that ▁the ▁imported ▁goods ▁had ▁been ▁proc ured ▁by ▁In nos on ▁without ▁their ▁consent . ▁The ▁bank ’ s ▁end ors |
ement ▁of ▁the ▁b ills ▁of ▁l ading ▁to ▁the ▁sh ipping ▁line ▁had ▁been ▁for ged . ▁GT B ank ▁reported ▁the ▁forg ery ▁to ▁the ▁Niger ia ▁Police ▁Force , ▁who ▁began ▁an ▁investigation . ▁After ▁a ▁for ens ic ▁exam ination ▁of ▁the ▁disput ed ▁sign atures , ▁the ▁police ▁established ▁that ▁the ▁sign atures ▁of ▁the ▁bank ’ s ▁staff ▁were ▁for ged ▁and ▁the ▁imported ▁goods ▁were ▁fra ud ul ently ▁cleared ▁from ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Port s ▁Author ity . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁ 1 0 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁In nos on ▁Group ▁press ▁release , ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁a ▁GT B ank ▁customer . ▁The ▁issue ▁dated ▁back ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁when ▁the ▁bank ▁" ar bitr arily ▁im posed ▁and ▁deb ited ▁[ the ir ] ▁current ▁account ▁in ▁excess ive ▁and ▁un law ful ▁charges ". ▁In nos on ▁su ed ▁GT B ank , ▁and ▁several ▁jud g ements ▁were ▁appe aled ▁by ▁both ▁sides . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4 , ▁GT B ank ▁ow ed ▁In nos on ▁Mot ors ▁up ▁to ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 8 . 5 ▁billion . ▁In nos on ' s ▁claims ▁on ▁the ▁jud g ement ▁were ▁deb unk ed ▁in ▁media ▁reports , ▁with ▁journal ists ▁covering ▁the ▁story ▁confirm ing ▁that ▁the ▁company ' s ▁only ▁jud g ement ▁against ▁Gu ar ant y ▁Trust ▁Bank ▁was ▁obtained ▁at |
▁the ▁Federal ▁High ▁Court ▁in ▁Aw ka ▁( which ▁controvers ial ly ▁awarded ▁In nos on ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 4 . 7 ▁billion ). ▁Its ▁appeal ▁has ▁been ▁pending ▁at ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁En ug u ▁for ▁several ▁years , ▁due ▁to ▁In nos on ' s ▁efforts ▁to ▁block ▁the ▁hearing . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 5 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁In nos on ▁press ▁release ▁stated ▁that ▁GT B ank ▁had ▁never ▁granted ▁In nos on ▁a ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 2 . 4 ▁billion ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁loan , ▁but ▁a ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 5 0 0 ▁million ▁loan ▁in ▁an ▁offer ▁letter ▁dated ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁their ▁last ▁loan ▁transaction ▁was ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁principal ▁terms ▁and ▁security ▁for ▁the ▁loan ▁were : ▁legal / tri part ite ▁legal ▁mort g age ▁over ▁In nos on ’ s ▁properties , ▁val ued ▁at ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 1 . 1 ▁billion ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁by ▁GT B - app oint ed ▁app rais ers ; ▁a ▁ 2 5 - percent ▁equ ity ▁contribution ▁by ▁In nos on ▁on ▁each ▁letter - of - cred it ▁( LC ) ▁transaction , ▁and ▁sh ipping ▁documents ▁worth ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 5 0 0 mill ion ▁could ▁be ▁released ▁at ▁any ▁time ▁to ▁In nos on . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁June ▁ 2 |
0 1 8 , ▁In nos on ▁admitted ▁dist ort ing ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁directive ▁in ▁its ▁case ▁with ▁GT B ank ▁and ▁apolog ised ▁for ▁mis leading ▁the ▁public ▁with ▁their ▁false ▁claim ▁of ▁a ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁Order ▁against ▁Gu ar ant y ▁Trust ▁Bank . ▁ ▁Investig ation ▁A ▁Niger ia ▁Police ▁Force ▁investigation ▁following ▁a ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁pet ition ▁by ▁the ▁bank ▁confirmed ▁that ▁In nos on ▁and ▁Ch uk w uma ▁deliber ately ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁def ra ud , ▁ste al ▁from ▁the ▁bank ▁and ▁convert ▁the ▁imported ▁goods ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁bank ▁through ▁forg ery ▁and ▁mis re presentation , ▁and ▁Ch uk w uma ▁was ▁charged ▁by ▁the ▁police . ▁ ▁EF CC ▁Ch uk w uma ▁was ▁arrested ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁En ug u ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁inter rog ated ▁in ▁Lag os ▁about ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁sc andal . ▁The ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Fin an cial ▁Cr imes ▁Commission ▁said ▁that ▁Ch uk w uma ▁was ▁arrested ▁for ▁fra ud ▁at ▁the ▁Security ▁and ▁Exchange ▁Commission ▁( SE C ) ▁and ▁for ▁for ging ▁documents ▁to ▁obtain ▁tax ▁wa ivers . ▁The ▁company ▁denied ▁the ▁alleg ations , ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁EF CC ▁had ▁never ▁investig ated ▁In nos on . ▁ ▁Cour ts ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Justice ▁M oj is ola ▁D ada ▁ordered ▁the ▁EF CC ▁to ▁sub po ena ▁Ch uk w uma |
▁after ▁his ▁att orney ▁attempted ▁to ▁justify ▁his ▁absence ▁at ▁the ▁Lag os ▁State ▁High ▁Court ▁in ▁I ke ja ▁for ▁his ▁scheduled ▁ar ra ignment . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁EF CC , ▁the ▁business man ▁was ▁ev ading ▁arrest . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁I ke ja ▁Special ▁Off ences ▁Court ▁Judge ▁M oj is ola ▁D ada ▁ordered ▁the ▁arrest ▁of ▁Ch uk w uma ▁wanted ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁appear ▁before ▁the ▁court ▁for ▁ar ra ignment ▁for ▁the ▁fifth ▁time . ▁Ch uk w uma ▁had ▁previously ▁failed ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁court ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁January , ▁ 9 ▁February , ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁April . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁a ▁ <0xE2> <0x82> <0xA6> 4 . 7 ▁billion ▁judgment ▁was ▁awarded ▁to ▁In nos on ▁by ▁a ▁judge ▁at ▁the ▁Federal ▁High ▁Court ▁in ▁Aw ka . ▁Gu ar ant y ▁Trust ▁Bank ▁immediately ▁appe aled ▁the ▁judgment , ▁calling ▁it ▁" rid icul ous " ▁at ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁En ug u . ▁The ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁asked ▁the ▁Bank ▁to ▁place ▁the ▁judgment ▁in ▁an ▁interest - b ear ing ▁esc row ▁account ▁with ▁the ▁court ’ s ▁registr ars . ▁The ▁bank ▁b alk ed , ▁offering ▁the ▁court ▁a ▁guarantee ▁instead ▁and ▁appe aling ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁ ▁The ▁bank ' s ▁appeal ▁was ▁heard ▁at ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁in ▁Ab u |
ja ▁on ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁The ▁court ▁s ided ▁with ▁GT B ank , ▁p aving ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁the ▁bank ’ s ▁appeal ▁of ▁the ▁Ak wa ▁High ▁Court ▁judgment ▁at ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁En ug u . ▁That ▁hearing , ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁June , ▁was ▁adj ourn ed ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁until ▁a ▁date ▁to ▁be ▁determined ▁later . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : N iger ian ▁case ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁Karl ▁Jo achim ▁Alo ys ▁Franz ▁von ▁Pa ula ▁zu ▁Für sten berg - St üh lingen ▁( 3 1 ▁March ▁ 1 7 7 1 ▁- ▁ 1 7 ▁May ▁ 1 8 0 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁no blem an ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Für sten berg . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁Don au esch ingen ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁to ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁was ▁the ▁e ighth ▁reign ing ▁Prince ▁of ▁Für sten berg . ▁ ▁Life ▁Karl ▁Jo achim ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁son ▁of ▁prince ▁Joseph ▁W enz el ▁zu ▁Für sten berg ▁and ▁Maria ▁Jose pha ▁von ▁Wal db urg - S che er - Tra uch burg . ▁In ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁he ▁completed ▁his ▁long ▁education ▁with ▁a ▁grand ▁tour ▁through ▁Belg ium , ▁Holland ▁and ▁England , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Kle iser . ▁ ▁He ▁succeeded ▁his ▁elder ▁brother ▁Joseph ▁Maria ▁after ▁the ▁latter ▁died ▁child less |
▁in ▁ 1 7 9 6 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁princip ality ▁was ▁threatened ▁by ▁the ▁arm ies ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁French ▁Republic ▁and ▁their ▁advance ▁over ▁the ▁Rh ine . ▁Karl ▁Jo achim ▁fled ▁to ▁his ▁Heil igen berg ▁Castle , ▁leaving ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁princip ality ▁to ▁his ▁confident ▁Kle iser . ▁He ▁pulled ▁back ▁the ▁first ▁squad ron ▁of ▁the ▁land st urm ▁to ▁advance ▁and ▁opposed ▁a ▁decision ▁by ▁the ▁Sw ab ian ▁Reich kreis ▁to ▁make ▁Don au esch ingen ▁a ▁rende z vous ▁point ▁for ▁the ▁troops ▁of ▁the ▁kre is . ▁Karl ▁Jo achim ▁was ▁generally ▁sympath etic ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Republic ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁thought ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁have ▁joined ▁the ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁had ▁he ▁lived ▁until ▁its ▁foundation . ▁Even ▁so , ▁the ▁princip ality ▁suffered ▁under ▁French ▁occupation ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁French ▁and ▁Aust rian ▁troops . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁January ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁Karl ▁Jo achim ▁married ▁Kar oline ▁Soph ie ▁von ▁Für sten berg - We it ra ▁( 2 0 ▁August ▁ 1 7 7 7 ▁- ▁ 2 5 ▁February ▁ 1 8 4 6 ), ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Jo achim , ▁Land g raf ▁of ▁Für sten berg - We it ra . ▁The ▁marriage ▁proved ▁child less ▁and ▁the ▁Für sten berg - St üh lingen ▁line ▁died ▁out ▁with ▁him ▁- ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁Für sten berg ▁thus ▁passed ▁to ▁Charles ▁Eg on ▁II ▁of |
▁the ▁subs idi ary ▁Boh em ian ▁line . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Don au esch ingen ▁Category : 1 7 7 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 0 4 ▁death s ▁Category : F ür sten berg ▁( pr inc ely ▁family ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Anthony ▁Alan ▁Alexander ▁( 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁for ▁Reading ▁as ▁an ▁inside - forward . ▁ ▁Alexander ▁played ▁also ▁played ▁for ▁Ye ov il ▁Town , ▁Cry stal ▁Palace ▁and ▁Bed ford ▁Town . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁inside ▁for wards ▁Category : Read ing ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Y e ov il ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : C ry stal ▁Palace ▁F . C . ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Henry ▁William ▁Mall in ▁( 1 ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁ 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁middle weight ▁amateur ▁box er . ▁ ▁He ▁came ▁originally ▁from ▁H ack ney ▁W ick , ▁his ▁younger ▁brother ▁was ▁the ▁Olympic ▁box er ▁Fred ▁Mall in . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁D art mouth ▁Park , ▁North ▁London ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁police ▁officer |
▁with ▁the ▁Metropolitan ▁Police . ▁ ▁Box ing ▁career ▁Mall in ▁was ▁British ▁Champion ▁five ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁world ▁champion ▁in ▁the ▁middle weight ▁class ▁between ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁He ▁never ▁lost ▁an ▁amateur ▁bout ▁and ▁never ▁turned ▁professional . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁middle weight ▁division , ▁defe ating ▁Canadian ▁box er ▁Georges ▁Pr ud ' Hom me ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁another ▁gold ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁weight ▁class . ▁In ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁met ▁Roger ▁Br ous se ▁of ▁France ▁in ▁the ▁quarter - final s , ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁decision ▁came ▁down ▁ 2 – 1 ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁Br ous se , ▁Mall in ▁showed ▁the ▁ref eree ▁fresh ▁teeth ▁marks ▁on ▁his ▁ch est , ▁which ▁further ▁exam ination ▁proved ▁that ▁Mall in ▁had ▁definitely ▁been ▁bit ten ▁by ▁his ▁French ▁oppon ent . ▁Br ous se ▁was ▁dis qual ified , ▁clear ing ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁Mall in ▁to ▁win ▁his ▁second ▁gold ▁medal . ▁After ▁the ▁incident ▁versus ▁Br ous se , ▁Mall in ▁was ▁referred ▁to ▁by ▁one ▁rep orter ▁as ▁" the ▁un ro asted ▁human ▁be ef ▁of ▁Old ▁England ". ▁ ▁Mall in ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁successfully ▁defend ▁an ▁Olympic ▁title |
▁in ▁two ▁consecutive ▁games , ▁and ▁remained ▁for ▁ 9 2 ▁years ▁the ▁only ▁British ▁box er ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁until ▁the ▁victory ▁of ▁Nicola ▁Adams ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁Sub sequently , ▁he ▁managed ▁the ▁British ▁Olympic ▁box ing ▁teams ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁he ▁achieved ▁the ▁distinction ▁of ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁British ▁television ▁sports ▁comment ator , ▁when ▁he ▁gave ▁comment ary ▁on ▁two ▁box ing ▁matches ▁that ▁were ▁broadcast ▁by ▁the ▁BBC ▁from ▁Alex andra ▁Palace . ▁ ▁Henry ▁Mall in ▁died ▁at ▁a ▁n urs ing ▁home ▁in ▁Lew ish am ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Box ers ▁from ▁Gre ater ▁London ▁Category : English ▁male ▁box ers ▁Category : Middle weight ▁box ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁box ers ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : Box ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Box ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : English ▁Olympic ▁med all ists ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁gold ▁med all ists ▁for ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : Eng land ▁Box ing ▁champions ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁box ing ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁Summer |
▁Olympics ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Met ropol itan ▁Police ▁officers <0x0A> </s> ▁T atar ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Z ang il an ▁Ray on ▁of ▁A zer ba ij an . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Z ang il an ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁article ▁is ▁about ▁a ▁district ▁in ▁Germany . ▁For ▁the ▁historical ▁region , ▁see ▁U ck erm ark . ▁For ▁information ▁about ▁the ▁Naz i ▁concentration ▁camp ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁name , ▁see ▁U ck erm ark ▁concentration ▁camp . ▁ ▁U ck erm ark ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁Kreis ▁( d istrict ) ▁in ▁the ▁n ort he astern ▁part ▁of ▁Brandenburg , ▁Germany . ▁Ne igh bor ing ▁districts ▁are ▁( clock wise ▁from ▁the ▁south ) ▁Bar nim ▁and ▁Ober h avel , ▁the ▁districts ▁Me ck len burg ische ▁Se en pl atte ▁and ▁Vor p omm ern - Gre if sw ald ▁in ▁Me ck len burg - Vor p omm ern , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁Poland ▁( Pol ice ▁County ▁and ▁G ry f ino ▁County ). ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁district ▁of ▁Germany ▁are aw ise . ▁The ▁district ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁historical ▁region ▁of ▁U ck erm ark . ▁ ▁Geography ▁The ▁U ck erm ark ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁U e cker ▁river , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁O der . ▁The ▁O der ▁River , ▁forming ▁the |
▁Polish ▁border , ▁bounds ▁the ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁east . ▁The ▁district ▁is ▁character ised ▁by ▁ 6 0 0 ▁la kes ▁and ▁ 2 , 8 0 0 km ▁of ▁rivers . ▁R are ▁animals ▁still ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁la kel and , ▁such ▁as ▁o spre ys , ▁be a vers ▁and ▁ot ters . ▁ ▁The ▁western ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁Lower ▁O der ▁Valley ▁National ▁Park ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁district . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁U ck erm ark ▁was ▁originally ▁divided ▁between ▁the ▁administrative ▁units ▁U cker kreis ▁and ▁St ol p ir ischer ▁Kreis . ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 7 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Brandenburg , ▁a ▁third ▁district ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁the ▁district ▁Ang erm ünd e , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁districts ▁were ▁renamed ▁to ▁P ren z lau ▁and ▁Tem pl in . ▁The ▁current ▁district ▁U ck erm ark ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁mer ging ▁the ▁previous ▁districts ▁Ang erm ünd e , ▁P ren z lau ▁and ▁Tem pl in , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁previously ▁district - free ▁city ▁Sch wed t . ▁ ▁Dem ography ▁ ▁Co at ▁of ▁arms ▁ ▁Town s ▁and ▁municipal ities ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁▁ ▁tour ist ▁website ▁▁ ▁city - map ▁and ▁Internet ▁Market ▁Place ▁▁ ▁online - shop ▁for ▁special ities ▁and ▁arts ▁and ▁craft s <0x0A> </s> ▁Mor ro ▁dos ▁Pra zer es ▁- ▁" |
H ill ▁of ▁Ple asures " ▁- ▁is ▁a ▁fav ela ▁in ▁the ▁Southern ▁Zone , ▁the ▁Z ona ▁Sul ▁of ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁metropol is ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁quarter ▁Santa ▁Ter esa , ▁which ▁is ▁roughly ▁ 2 . 5 km ▁n ortheast , ▁and ▁although ▁considered ▁pac ified . ▁has ▁recently ▁been ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁mur ders ▁by ▁gun shot ▁of ▁two ▁tour ists ▁who ▁in ad vert ently ▁w ander ed ▁into ▁the ▁community . ▁"" ▁S ett lement ▁of ▁the ▁Mor ro ▁dos ▁Pra zer es ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁and ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁suggested ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 1 3 6 ▁people . ▁The ▁mountain , ▁respectively ▁hill , ▁the ▁fav ela ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁has ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 2 7 5 met res . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁name ▁is ▁a ▁t ribute ▁to ▁Mother ▁Maria ▁dos ▁Pra zer es , ▁who ▁held ▁ ▁masses ▁on ▁the ▁base ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁hill , ▁an ▁area ▁where ▁once ▁was ▁a ▁chap el . ▁These ▁days ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁a partment ▁block . ▁ ▁Mor ro ▁dos ▁Pra zer es ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁statistical ▁unit ▁Es cond id inho ▁/ ▁Pra zer es . ▁ ▁The ▁fav ela ▁has ▁found ▁wider ▁attention ▁as ▁a ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁movie ▁El ite ▁Squad ▁( T rop a ▁de ▁El ite ) ▁and ▁as ▁ven ue ▁of ▁Rock |
g ol , ▁a ▁football ▁event ▁st arring ▁mus icians ▁st aged ▁by ▁MTV , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Mor ro ▁dos ▁Pra zer es , ▁illustrated ▁Facebook ▁page . ▁ ▁Category : F avel as ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ▁( city ) <0x0A> </s> ▁C app eria ▁pol onica ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁P ter op hor idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Spain , ▁France , ▁S ardin ia , ▁C ors ica , ▁Cro atia ▁and ▁Greece . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Asia ▁Minor . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 1 4 – 1 8 mm . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁Te u cri um ▁flav um . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁Category : O xy pt il ini ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Turkey <0x0A> </s> ▁Hann ah ▁Ad elle ▁We iner ▁( née ▁Fin eg old ) ▁( Nov ember ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁– ▁September ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁poet ▁who ▁is ▁often ▁grouped ▁with ▁the ▁Language ▁po ets ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁prominent ▁place ▁she ▁assumed ▁in ▁the ▁poet ics ▁of ▁that ▁group . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁writ ings ▁ ▁We iner ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Prov idence , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁and |
▁attended ▁Class ical ▁High ▁School , ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁and ▁then ▁Rad cl iffe ▁College . ▁She ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁B . A . ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁with ▁a ▁dis sert ation ▁on ▁Henry ▁James . ▁Working ▁in ▁publishing ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁Blo oming dale ' s ▁department ▁store , ▁she ▁was ▁married ▁and ▁then ▁divor ced ▁after ▁four ▁years . ▁We iner ▁started ▁writing ▁poetry ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁though ▁her ▁first ▁chap book , ▁The ▁Mag rit te ▁Po ems ▁after ▁René ▁Mag rit te , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁indic ative ▁of ▁her ▁latter ▁work , ▁being ▁" bas ically ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁School ▁attempt ▁to ▁write ▁verse ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁paint ings ▁of ▁René ▁Mag rit te ". ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁she ▁also ▁organized ▁and ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁happen ings ▁with ▁other ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁art ▁scene , ▁where ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁living ▁for ▁some ▁time . ▁These ▁included ▁' H ann ah ▁We iner ▁at ▁Her ▁Job ', ▁" a ▁sort ▁of ▁open ▁house ▁hosted ▁by ▁her ▁employ er , ▁A . H . ▁Sch rei ber ▁Co ., ▁Inc ." ▁and ▁' F ashion ▁Show ▁Po etry ▁Event ' ▁with ▁Edu ardo ▁Costa , ▁John ▁Per re ault , ▁Andy ▁War hol ▁and ▁others ▁in ▁a ▁ ▁" coll abor ative ▁and ▁innov ative ▁enter prise ▁that ▁incorpor |
ated ▁concept ual ▁art , ▁design , ▁poetry ▁and ▁performance ." ▁ ▁M ature ▁work ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁We iner ▁began ▁writing ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁journ als ▁that ▁were ▁partly ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁her ▁experiments ▁with ▁automatic ▁writing ▁and ▁partly ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁her ▁sch iz op hren ia . ▁Jud ith ▁Gold man ▁claims ▁that ▁politics ▁and ▁eth ics ▁were ▁central ▁to ▁a ▁mode ▁of ▁writing ▁she ▁developed ▁and ▁called ▁ ▁" cla ir - style ," ▁which ▁used ▁" words ▁and ▁phr ases ▁cla ir voy antly ▁seen " ▁and ▁that ▁We iner ▁arrived ▁at ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁compos ing ▁that ▁employed ▁" th ese ▁seen ▁elements ▁exclus ively ." ▁ ▁Gold man ▁also ▁provides ▁the ▁insight ▁that ▁" We iner ▁let ▁no ▁representation ▁of ▁herself ▁circul ate ▁that ▁did ▁not ▁take ▁her ▁status ▁as ▁a ▁cla ir voy ant ▁into ▁account ." ▁She ▁influenced ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁po ets ▁and ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁In ▁the ▁American ▁Tree ▁anth ology ▁of ▁Language ▁poetry ▁( ed ited ▁by ▁Ron ▁S ill iman ). ▁Begin ning ▁with ▁Little ▁Books / Ind ians ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁and ▁Spo ke ▁( 1 9 8 4 ) ▁We iner ' s ▁work ▁engaged ▁with ▁Native ▁American ▁politics , ▁particularly ▁the ▁American ▁Indian ▁Mov ement ▁and ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁imprison ed ▁activ ist ▁Leonard ▁P elt ier . ▁ ▁Interest ▁in ▁We iner ▁continues ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁with ▁the |
▁recent ▁publication ▁of ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ’ s ▁Open ▁House ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁" a ▁representative ▁selection ▁sp anning ▁her ▁dec ades ▁of ▁po etic ▁output " ▁ ▁This ▁volume ▁was ▁edited ▁by ▁Patrick ▁F . ▁D urg in , ▁who ▁provides ▁an ▁over view ▁of ▁We iner ' s ▁art : ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Pub lished ▁work ▁ ▁Mag rit te ▁Po ems ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁The ▁Code ▁Po ems ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁The ▁Fast ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Cla ir voy ant ▁Journal ▁March – J une ▁Ret re at ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁Little ▁Books / Ind ians ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 7 - 1 9 8 0 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁N ij ole ' s ▁House ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁Spo ke ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁Six teen ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁Writ ten ▁In / The ▁Zero ▁One ▁( W ritten ▁ |
1 9 8 4 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁We eks ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁Sil ent ▁Te ach ers / Rem ember ed ▁Se quel ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 9 - 9 1 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Page ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁We ▁Spe ak ▁Sil ent ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 9 3 - 4 , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ' s ▁Open ▁House ▁( Pub lished ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Un pub lished ▁Man us cript s ▁ ▁Country ▁Girl ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 1 ) ▁Pictures ▁and ▁Early ▁W ords ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁Big ▁W ords ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁Cla ir voy ant ▁Journal ▁January – F ebru ary , ▁July – Nov ember ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁Little ▁Girl ▁Books ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁Ab az oo ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ▁Se en ▁W ords ▁with ▁It ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁Re vel ations ▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁Vis ions ▁and ▁Sil ent ▁Mus icians |
▁( W ritten ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ▁at ▁E PC ▁▁ ▁U C SD ▁Register ▁of ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ▁papers ▁ 1 9 4 6 - 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Little ▁Books / Ind ians ▁by ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ▁ ▁Short ▁Mem oir ▁by ▁Charles ▁Bern stein ▁ ▁" per haps ▁the ▁most ▁shock ing ▁revel ation " ▁Ron ▁S ill iman ▁discuss es ▁Hann ah ▁We iner ’ s ▁Open ▁House ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Tom ▁Don ovan ▁on ▁Open ▁House ▁ ▁Open ▁House ▁launch ▁video ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁women ▁po ets ▁Category : Language ▁po ets ▁Category : J ew ish ▁writers ▁Category : J ew ish ▁femin ists ▁Category : J ew ish ▁po ets ▁Category : Pe ople ▁with ▁sch iz op hren ia ▁Category : Rad cl iffe ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Prov idence , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁po ets ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Henry ▁Mo or head ▁( 2 7 ▁May ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Northern ▁Irish ▁international ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁centre ▁half ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁Although |
▁born ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁Mo or head ▁made ▁three ▁international ▁appearances ▁for ▁Ireland . ▁He ▁played ▁his ▁club ▁football ▁with ▁South am pton ▁in ▁England ▁and ▁with ▁Lin field ▁and ▁Glen av on ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ireland . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Mo or head ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Christ ch urch , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁but ▁moved ▁to ▁Ireland ▁as ▁a ▁child . ▁During ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War , ▁he ▁en list ed ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Irish ▁R if les , ▁and ▁played ▁football ▁for ▁the ▁regiment al ▁team . ▁On ▁the ▁c ess ation ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁service , ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁Glen av on . ▁ ▁Mo or head ▁joined ▁South am pton ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁their ▁first ▁season ▁in ▁Division ▁Three ▁of ▁the ▁Football ▁League . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁when ▁manager ▁Jimmy ▁Mc Int y re ▁dropped ▁Ale c ▁Campbell ▁after ▁two ▁defe ats ▁against ▁Gr ims by ▁Town . ▁The ▁match ▁at ▁Reading ▁ended ▁in ▁a ▁ 4 – 0 ▁victory ▁and ▁Mo or head ▁retained ▁his ▁place ▁for ▁ 1 3 ▁matches , ▁including ▁four ▁in ▁the ▁FA ▁Cup . ▁With ▁his ▁" tal ent ▁for ▁giving ▁precise ▁passes ", ▁Mo or land ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁heading ▁for ▁a ▁long ▁career ▁with ▁the ▁Sain ts , ▁when ▁he ▁had ▁his ▁registration ▁cancel led ▁by ▁the ▁Football ▁Association ▁and ▁was ▁susp ended ▁for ▁twelve ▁months ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁" ir |
regular ity ▁covering ▁am ateurs ". ▁ ▁After ▁serving ▁his ▁susp ension , ▁he ▁joined ▁Bright on ▁& ▁H ove ▁Alb ion ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁where ▁he ▁made ▁one ▁league ▁appearance ▁before ▁moving ▁back ▁to ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁in ▁December . ▁ ▁He ▁then ▁joined ▁Lin field ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁for ▁nine ▁years , ▁interrupted ▁by ▁a ▁spell ▁back ▁at ▁Glen av on . ▁At ▁Lin field , ▁he ▁became ▁" one ▁of ▁their ▁all - time ▁gre ats " ▁and ▁helped ▁them ▁win ▁the ▁Irish ▁League ▁and ▁defeat ▁Gl ent or an ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁Irish ▁Cup ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁season . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁losing ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁cup ▁final ▁but ▁was ▁left ▁out , ▁at ▁his ▁own ▁request , ▁of ▁the ▁side ▁that ▁defeated ▁B ally men a ▁United ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁final , ▁he ▁was ▁closely ▁mark ing ▁B elf ast ▁C elt ic ' s ▁centre - forward ▁Sam my ▁Cur ran , ▁thus ▁prevent ing ▁him ▁from ▁getting ▁much ▁time ▁with ▁the ▁ball , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁hit ▁with ▁a ▁" f ear ful ▁kick " ▁from ▁Cur ran ' s ▁colle ague , ▁Jimmy ▁Ferr is . ▁Mo or head ▁spent ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁trying ▁to ▁gain ▁ret ribution ▁against ▁Ferr is , ▁allowing ▁Cur ran ▁to ▁score ▁three ▁goals . ▁ ▁Descri bed ▁as ▁" an ▁extremely |
▁consistent ▁perform er ", ▁Mo or head ▁rarely ▁missed ▁a ▁match ▁for ▁Lin field ▁and ▁on ▁match ▁days ▁he ▁used ▁to ▁walk ▁from ▁his ▁home ▁at ▁L urg an ▁to ▁W inds or ▁Park ▁in ▁B elf ast ▁( 2 1 ▁miles ) ▁– ▁he ▁referred ▁to ▁this ▁as ▁his ▁" mor ning ▁d ander ". ▁ ▁Mo or head ▁w ound ▁up ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁Scotland ▁with ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mid l oth ian ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 – 3 1 ▁season . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Mo or head ▁made ▁his ▁international ▁debut ▁for ▁Ireland ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁British ▁Home ▁Championship ▁defeat ▁to ▁Scotland . ▁He ▁then ▁had ▁to ▁wait ▁five ▁years ▁before ▁his ▁next ▁international ▁appearance , ▁in ▁an ▁uno fficial ▁friendly ▁against ▁France ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁followed ▁four ▁days ▁later ▁by ▁a ▁British ▁Home ▁Championship ▁match ▁against ▁Scotland , ▁this ▁time ▁ending ▁ 1 – 0 ▁to ▁the ▁Irish . ▁In ▁this ▁match , ▁Mo or head ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁" most ▁consp ic uous ▁for ▁clever ness ▁and ▁consist ency ". ▁ ▁Mo or head ' s ▁fourth ▁and ▁final ▁cap ▁came ▁a ▁year ▁later , ▁also ▁against ▁Scotland ; ▁Scotland ▁won ▁comfort ably ▁ 7 – 3 , ▁with ▁four ▁goals ▁from ▁Hugh ie ▁Gal la cher . ▁ ▁Mo or head ▁also ▁made ▁nine ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁Irish ▁League ▁between ▁ 1 9 |
2 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁ ▁International ▁appearances ▁Mo or head ▁made ▁three ▁appearances ▁for ▁Ireland ▁in ▁official ▁international ▁matches , ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Lin field ▁ ▁Irish ▁League ▁champions : ▁ 1 9 2 2 – 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 2 9 – 3 0 ▁Irish ▁Cup ▁w inners : ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁Irish ▁Cup ▁final ists : ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Club ▁career ▁details ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁v ▁ 1 1 . com ▁National ▁career ▁details ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁v ▁ 1 1 . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Christ ch urch ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ers ▁from ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁Category : S outh am pton ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B right on ▁& ▁H ove ▁Alb ion ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : G len av on ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Lin field ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : He art ▁of ▁Mid l oth ian ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Pre - 1 9 5 0 ▁I FA ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Ul ster ▁R if les ▁soldiers ▁Category : N IF L ▁Prem iers hip ▁players ▁Category : I r ish ▁League ▁representative |
▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Kh aled ▁Moh ammed ▁Moh ammed ▁S ale h ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Q at ari ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁for ▁Al ▁Ah li ▁on ▁loan ▁from ▁Al - D uh ail ▁. ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Moh ammed ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁debut ▁for ▁Al - D uh ail ▁in ▁the ▁Q at ari ▁Stars ▁Cup ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 8 th ▁minute ▁for ▁Ab del rah man ▁A hm ad ▁N uz ha ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 1 ▁draw ▁against ▁fellow ▁Q atar ▁Stars ▁League ▁team ▁Al - G har af a . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁On ▁ 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁following ▁an ▁injury ▁to ▁Ah med ▁Mo ein , ▁Moh ammed ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁Q atar ' s ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁International ▁Q atar ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁D oh a ▁Category : Q at ari ▁football ers ▁Category : Q at ari ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Q atar ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football |
▁mid field ers ▁Category : El ▁Ja ish ▁SC ▁players ▁Category : Al - D uh ail ▁SC ▁players ▁Category : C ult ural ▁Le ones a ▁football ers ▁Category : Q atar ▁SC ▁players ▁Category : Al ▁Ah li ▁SC ▁( D oh a ) ▁players ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : Q atar ▁Stars ▁League ▁players ▁Category : AF C ▁Asian ▁Cup - win ning ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : Q at ari ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Q at ari ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁L ola ▁Green o ▁( born ▁L ola ▁Sain ty , ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁on ▁Cape ▁Bar ren ▁Island ) ▁is ▁an ▁artist , ▁cur ator ▁and ▁arts ▁worker ▁of ▁Ab original ▁descent . ▁ ▁Green o ▁special ises ▁in ▁traditional ▁Tas man ian ▁Ab original ▁shell ▁neck lace ▁thread ing , ▁a ▁skill ▁passed ▁down ▁from ▁her ▁mother ▁and ▁mat ernal ▁grand m other . ▁Green o ▁started ▁making ▁these ▁neck laces ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁in ▁her ▁ 5 0 s : ▁her ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁essential ▁in ▁the ▁continu ation ▁of ▁these ▁skills . ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁interview ▁Green o ▁said : ▁ ▁I ▁learned ▁to ▁make ▁sole ly ▁from ▁working ▁with ▁my ▁mother ▁… ▁It ▁was ▁my ▁mother ▁who |
▁was ▁very ▁keen ▁for ▁us ▁to ▁work ▁together ▁and ▁this ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁important ▁cultural ▁less on ▁I ▁lear nt ▁from ▁her ▁– ▁teaching ▁respect ▁for ▁one ▁another . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁her ▁art ▁practice , ▁Green o ▁trained ▁as ▁a ▁Cur ator ▁of ▁Ab original ▁Art ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Tas mania ▁and ▁completed ▁an ▁intern ship ▁as ▁a ▁Regional ▁Ind igen ous ▁Cur ator ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Gallery ▁of ▁Australia . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Green o ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁Program ▁Officer ▁for ▁Arts ▁Tas mania , ▁facil it ating ▁cross - c ult ural ▁ex changes ▁between ▁Tas man ian , ▁Australian ▁and ▁international ▁ind igen ous ▁people . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Green o ▁was ▁recogn ised ▁with ▁C raft ▁Australia ' s ▁Living ▁Tre asure ▁Master ▁of ▁Australian ▁Art ▁Award . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁she ▁was ▁entered ▁on ▁the ▁Tas man ian ▁Hon our ▁Roll ▁of ▁Women ▁for ▁service ▁to ▁Ab original ▁Affairs ▁and ▁the ▁Arts . ▁A ▁tour ing ▁exhibition ▁of ▁her ▁work , ▁L ola ▁Green o : ▁Living ▁Tre asure ▁has ▁been ▁showing ▁in ▁gall eries ▁across ▁Australia ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁to ▁the ▁present . ▁ ▁Her ▁work ▁is ▁held ▁in ▁many ▁public ▁collections , ▁including ▁the ▁Power house ▁Museum , ▁National ▁Gallery ▁of ▁Australia , ▁the ▁National ▁Gallery ▁of ▁Victoria , ▁the ▁Queen ▁Victoria ▁Museum ▁and ▁Art ▁Gallery , ▁the ▁Tas man ian ▁Museum ▁and |
▁Art ▁Gallery , ▁and ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Art ▁Gallery . ▁ ▁Further ▁information ▁ ▁Tas man ian ▁Ab original ▁shell ▁neck lace ▁making ▁tradition ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Video ▁interview ▁with ▁L ola ▁Green o ▁Art ist ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁contemporary ▁artists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Art ists ▁from ▁Tas mania ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Ab original ▁artists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Tas mania <0x0A> </s> ▁King aro y ▁Airport ▁or ▁Sir ▁Joh ▁B jel ke - P eters en ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁air port ▁located ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁King aro y , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁as ▁King aro y ▁Aer od rome . ▁It ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁the ▁Royal ▁Australian ▁Air ▁Force ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁as ▁Land ing ▁Gr ound ▁No . ▁ 3 7 5 ▁and ▁formally ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁government ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁becoming ▁RA AF ▁Station ▁King aro y . ▁Four ▁run ways ▁and ▁ 1 8 0 ▁buildings ▁were ▁constructed ▁between ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁and ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁It ▁was ▁down grad ed ▁to ▁an ▁un st aff ed ▁Emer gency ▁Land ing ▁Gr ound ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁civil ian ▁control ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁Current ▁facilities |
▁ ▁ere ▁are ▁two ▁run ways , ▁the ▁main ▁is ▁ 1 6 / 3 4 ▁and ▁is ▁ ▁and ▁the ▁second , ▁ 0 5 / 2 3 , ▁is ▁. ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁scheduled ▁services ▁but ▁the ▁air port ▁is ▁used ▁by ▁char ter ▁fl ights ▁to ▁the ▁gas ▁fields ▁in ▁far ▁west ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁gl iding . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁Queensland ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁South ▁Burn ett ▁Aer od rom es ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Queensland ▁Category : Que ens land ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II <0x0A> </s> ▁Wend y ▁R ahn ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁political ▁scient ist . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁political ▁science ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota , ▁research ing ▁social ▁capital , ▁part is ans hip ▁and ▁civ ic ▁eng agement ▁in ▁American ▁dem ocracy , ▁and ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁emot ions ▁in ▁political ▁behavior . ▁ ▁Early ▁work ▁and ▁education ▁R ahn ▁attended ▁Cre ight on ▁University , ▁gradu ating ▁with ▁a ▁B A ▁in ▁political ▁science ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁She ▁then ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota , ▁receiving ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁political ▁science ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁R ahn ▁joined ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁at ▁The ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁moved ▁to ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Wisconsin , ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 |
▁moved ▁to ▁Duke ▁University . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota . ▁ ▁Career ▁R ahn ' s ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁article ▁with ▁John ▁Bre hm ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Science , ▁" Ind ividual - level ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁causes ▁and ▁consequences ▁of ▁social ▁capital ", ▁has ▁been ▁cred ited ▁with ▁being ▁a ▁fundamental ▁advance ▁in ▁the ▁discussion ▁of ▁social ▁capital ▁and ▁has ▁received ▁thousands ▁of ▁cit ations . ▁In ▁a ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁academic ▁literature ▁on ▁social ▁capital ▁in ▁the ▁book ▁Compet ition ▁and ▁Co operation : ▁Con vers ations ▁with ▁Nobel ists ▁about ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Political ▁Science , ▁R ahn ▁and ▁Bre hm ▁were ▁cred ited ▁with ▁having ▁" had ▁a ▁significant ▁impact ▁on ▁political ▁science ". ▁ ▁R ahn ▁has ▁received ▁several ▁major ▁awards . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Erik ▁Erik son ▁Early ▁Career ▁Award ▁from ▁the ▁International ▁Society ▁of ▁Political ▁Psych ology , ▁which ▁" recogn izes ▁and ▁celebr ates ▁exception al ▁achiev ement " ▁to ▁a ▁scholar ▁who ▁received ▁a ▁Ph D ▁within ▁the ▁previous ▁de cade . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁Emer ging ▁Sch olar ▁Award ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Political ▁Science ▁Association . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁R ahn ▁received ▁an ▁award ▁from ▁the ▁Russell ▁S age ▁Foundation ▁to ▁investigate ▁" how ▁bro aden ed ▁stock ▁ownership ▁may ▁contribute ▁to ▁dispar |
ities ▁in ▁political ▁participation ▁and ▁the ▁polar ization ▁of ▁America ' s ▁policy ▁prefer ences ". ▁▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁c itation ▁analysis ▁by ▁the ▁political ▁scient ists ▁Hann ah ▁June ▁Kim ▁and ▁Bernard ▁Gro f man ▁listed ▁R ahn ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁c ited ▁political ▁scient ists ▁working ▁at ▁an ▁American ▁university ▁in ▁ 3 ▁different ▁categories : ▁the ▁top ▁ 4 0 ▁most ▁c ited ▁women ▁sch ol ars , ▁the ▁top ▁ 2 5 ▁most ▁c ited ▁political ▁scient ists ▁who ▁study ▁Public ▁Policy , ▁Public ▁Administration , ▁Public ▁Law , ▁or ▁Political ▁Psych ology , ▁and ▁also ▁the ▁top ▁ 2 5 ▁most ▁c ited ▁political ▁scient ists ▁who ▁earned ▁their ▁Ph D ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( in clus ive ). ▁ ▁R ahn ▁has ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁responsible ▁for ▁over see ing ▁the ▁National ▁E lection ▁Studies , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁an ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁journal ▁Political ▁Psych ology . ▁Her ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁or ▁c ited ▁in ▁news ▁out lets ▁like ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁Polit ico , ▁and ▁The ▁Christian ▁Science ▁Mon itor . ▁ ▁Selected ▁works ▁" The ▁role ▁of ▁part isan ▁s tere ot ypes ▁in ▁information ▁processing ▁about ▁political ▁candidates ", ▁American ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Science ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁" Ind ividual - level ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁causes ▁and ▁consequences ▁of ▁social ▁capital ", ▁American ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Science |
, ▁with ▁John ▁Bre hm ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁" The ▁orig ins ▁and ▁consequences ▁of ▁public ▁trust ▁in ▁government : ▁A ▁time ▁series ▁analysis ", ▁Public ▁Op in ion ▁Qu arter ly , ▁with ▁Virginia ▁A . ▁Chan ley ▁and ▁Thomas ▁J . ▁Rud olph ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Selected ▁awards ▁Erik ▁Erik son ▁Early ▁Career ▁Award ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Emer ging ▁Sch olar ▁Award , ▁American ▁Political ▁Science ▁Association ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Russell ▁S age ▁Foundation ▁Grant ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : American ▁women ▁academ ics ▁Category : American ▁political ▁scient ists ▁Category : W omen ▁political ▁scient ists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : Cre ight on ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁al umn i ▁Category : Oh io ▁State ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Wisconsin – Mad ison ▁fac ulty ▁Category : D u ke ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁fac ulty <0x0A> </s> ▁C ey lon th el ph usa ▁sent osa ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁dec ap od ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁G ec arc in uc idae . ▁ ▁The ▁IU CN ▁conservation ▁status ▁of ▁C ey lon th el ph usa ▁sent osa ▁is ▁" |
LC ", ▁least ▁concern , ▁with ▁no ▁immediate ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁species ' ▁surv ival . ▁The ▁population ▁is ▁stable . ▁The ▁IU CN ▁status ▁was ▁review ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : C ey lon th el ph usa ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Cr ust ace ans ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ra quel ▁Elizabeth ▁Miller ▁( born ▁February ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁box er ▁who ▁has ▁held ▁the ▁W BA ▁inter im ▁female ▁super ▁wel ter weight ▁title ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Miller ▁made ▁her ▁professional ▁debut ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁scoring ▁a ▁first - round ▁technical ▁knock out ▁( T K O ) ▁over ▁S ara ▁Fl ores ▁at ▁the ▁Richmond ▁Memorial ▁Aud itor ium ▁in ▁Richmond , ▁California . ▁ ▁Professional ▁box ing ▁record ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁women ▁box ers ▁Category : Box ers ▁from ▁California ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Category : Light - middle weight ▁box ers ▁Category : Middle weight ▁box ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Museum ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Historical ▁Society ▁in ▁Building ▁ 5 8 ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁Navy ▁Y ard , |
▁ 9 th ▁and ▁M ▁Stre ets ▁( s out heast ), ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁It ▁hous ed ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁exhib its ▁with ▁artifact s ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Mar ines . ▁It ▁also ▁contained ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁art ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁Mar ines ▁and ▁a ▁historical ▁Time ▁T unnel . ▁For ▁many ▁years , ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Museum ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁important ▁center ▁for ▁pres erving ▁and ▁show c asing ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁legacy . ▁The ▁museum ▁closed ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁during ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁displayed ▁historical ▁items ▁such ▁as ▁captured ▁weapons ▁and ▁flags ▁in ▁war ▁tro phy ▁rooms ▁at ▁the ▁Head quarters ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁and ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Bar ra cks ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁established ▁a ▁proto - museum ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁deck ▁of ▁Little ▁Hall ▁at ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Base ▁Quant ico . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁the ▁Command ant ▁of ▁the ▁Marine ▁Corps , ▁General ▁Lem uel ▁C . ▁She ph erd , ▁Jr ., ▁directed ▁his ▁staff ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁exhib it ▁at ▁the ▁Smith son ian ▁Institution ▁after ▁not icing ▁no ▁such ▁display ▁existed ▁there . ▁The ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Historical ▁Branch ▁task ed ▁reserve ▁Major ▁John ▁H |
. ▁Mag r uder ▁III ▁with ▁developing ▁the ▁exhib it ▁at ▁the ▁Smith son ian . ▁ ▁Upon ▁completion ▁of ▁an ▁exhib it ▁at ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁Military ▁and ▁Naval ▁History ▁at ▁the ▁Smith son ian ▁Castle , ▁Major ▁Mag r uder ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁expanded ▁museum , ▁which ▁opened ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁in ▁Building ▁ 1 0 1 9 ▁next ▁to ▁Little ▁Hall . ▁The ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Museum ▁continued ▁to ▁expand ▁and ▁eventually ▁moved ▁to ▁Washington ▁Navy ▁Y ard ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁after ▁closing ▁the ▁Quant ico ▁location ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Museum s ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁museum s ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : Mar ine ▁Corps ▁museum s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁and ▁war ▁museum s ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : M useum s ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Category : M useum s ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch et one ▁salv ini ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁E reb idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Jean ▁Bapt iste ▁Bo is du val ▁in ▁ 1 |
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