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▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁women ' s ▁studies ▁department ▁at ▁Hill t ow ne ▁University , ▁until ▁he ▁g athers ▁all ▁three ▁sister s ▁together ▁to ▁reun ite ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁dest iny ▁as ▁the ▁Char med ▁On es . ▁It ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁doesn ' t ▁remember ▁his ▁life ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁human . ▁It ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁rom antic ▁feelings ▁for ▁Char ity , ▁an ▁elder ▁and ▁an ▁old ▁friend ▁of ▁his . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season , ▁it ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁Harry ▁has ▁grown ▁feelings ▁for ▁M acy . ▁Evans ▁also ▁port ray s ▁Harry ' s ▁Dark l ighter ▁in ▁season ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Nick ▁H arg ro ve ▁as ▁Parker ▁Ca ine ▁( season ▁ 1 ; ▁rec urr ing ▁season ▁ 2 ), ▁Mag gie ▁V era ' s ▁boy friend . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Ph i ▁D elta ▁U psilon ▁frat ern ity . ▁He ▁and ▁Mag gie ▁become ▁friends ▁after ▁he ▁def ends ▁her ▁from ▁a ▁r ude ▁customer ▁at ▁her ▁wait ress ing ▁job . ▁He ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁half - dem on ▁sent ▁by ▁his ▁father ▁to ▁w re ak ▁hav oc ▁on ▁the ▁sister s . ▁He ▁bet ray s ▁his ▁father ▁as ▁he ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁Mag gie , ▁but ▁is ▁forced ▁to ▁leave ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁his ▁demon ▁side . ▁He ▁later ▁returns ▁during ▁the ▁second ▁season , ▁where |
▁it ' s ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁taken ▁over ▁demon kind ▁as ▁its ▁new ▁Over l ord . ▁ ▁Jordan ▁Don ica ▁as ▁Jordan ▁Ch ase ▁( season ▁ 2 ), ▁a ▁law ▁student ▁and ▁amateur ▁box er . ▁It ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁his ▁family ▁was ▁curs ed ▁by ▁a ▁w itch ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁ancest or ▁having ▁spe ar head ed ▁said ▁w itch ' s ▁execution ▁with ▁the ▁cur se ▁ens uring ▁that ▁no ▁male ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁lives ▁past ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 5 . ▁▁ ▁Po ppy ▁D ray ton ▁as ▁Ab ig ael ▁James on - C aine ▁( season ▁ 2 ), ▁a ▁demon - w itch ▁res cu ed ▁and ▁rec ru ited ▁by ▁M acy . ▁She ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ca ine ▁family , ▁being ▁Al ist air ' s ▁daughter ▁and ▁Hunter ' s ▁and ▁Parker ' s ▁half - s ister , ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁secret ▁ag enda ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁demon kind ▁as ▁its ▁Over l ord ▁by ▁ste aling ▁the ▁position ▁from ▁Parker . ▁ ▁Rec urr ing ▁ ▁Val erie ▁Cruz ▁as ▁Mar is ol ▁V era , ▁M acy , ▁Mel , ▁and ▁Mag gie ' s ▁mother . ▁She ▁was ▁an ▁elder ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁prop he cy . ▁Due ▁to ▁a ▁ne c rom ancer ' s ▁cur se , ▁she ▁had ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁M acy ▁when ▁the ▁latter ▁turned ▁two . ▁She ▁was ▁murder ed |
▁by ▁her ▁friend ▁and ▁fellow ▁elder ▁Char ity ▁Cal la han . ▁Natal ie ▁Hall ▁as ▁Lucy ▁( season ▁ 1 ), ▁the ▁super f icial , ▁pret ent ious , ▁and ▁" wo ke " ▁president ▁of ▁K appa ▁T au ▁K appa , ▁the ▁sor or ity ▁that ▁Mag gie ▁is ▁interested ▁in ▁joining . ▁Lucy ▁initially ▁seems ▁like ▁an ▁air head ▁but ▁gradually ▁reve als ▁hidden ▁layers ▁and ▁becomes ▁a ▁good ▁friend ▁of ▁Mag gie ' s . ▁Const antine ▁R ous oli ▁as ▁Hunter ▁Ca ine ▁( season ▁ 1 ), ▁Parker ' s ▁older , ▁full ▁demon ▁brother . ▁Hunter ▁is ▁a ▁shapes h if ter ▁who ▁is ▁task ed ▁with ▁killing ▁powerful ▁w itch es ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁ste al ▁their ▁DNA . ▁It ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁doing ▁so ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁eliminate ▁his ▁younger ▁brother ' s ▁human ▁side . ▁Craig ▁Parker ▁as ▁Al ist ar ▁Ca ine ▁( season ▁ 1 ), ▁the ▁benef actor ▁of ▁Hill t ow ne ' s ▁Department ▁of ▁Gen et ics . ▁Al ist air ▁Ca ine ▁is ▁Parker , ▁Hunter , ▁and ▁Ab ig ael ' s ▁father . ▁He ▁is ▁really ▁a ▁powerful ▁demon ▁trying ▁to ▁turn ▁his ▁young est ▁son , ▁Parker , ▁into ▁the ▁Source . ▁He ▁is ▁ultimately ▁van qu ished ▁by ▁M acy ▁after ▁she ▁becomes ▁the ▁Source . ▁Virginia ▁Williams ▁as ▁Char ity ▁Cal la han ▁( season ▁ 1 ), ▁an ▁elder ▁and ▁friend ▁of ▁the |
▁late ▁Mar is ol ▁V era . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁rom antic ▁relationship ▁with ▁Harry ▁Green wood ▁in ▁the ▁past . ▁She ▁murder ed ▁Mar is ol ▁out ▁of ▁fear ▁that ▁her ▁daughter , ▁M acy , ▁would ▁succ umb ▁to ▁evil ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁circumstances ▁of ▁her ▁res urre ction . ▁She ▁also ▁killed ▁other ▁el ders ▁who ▁learned ▁of ▁her ▁evil ▁acts . ▁She ▁was ▁later ▁killed ▁by ▁her ▁younger ▁sister ▁F iona . ▁Le ah ▁P ipes ▁as ▁F iona ▁Cal la han ▁( season ▁ 1 ), ▁a ▁w itch , ▁Char ity ' s ▁younger ▁sister , ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁charge ▁of ▁Harry ▁Green wood ' s . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁K ee per ▁of ▁the ▁Sac red ▁Fl ame , ▁a ▁prim ord ial ▁source ▁of ▁power ▁that ▁is ▁actually ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁magic ▁itself . ▁She ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁T art arus ▁by ▁the ▁el ders ▁as ▁they ▁felt ▁int im id ated ▁because ▁she ▁had ▁be fri ended ▁the ▁S arc ana . ▁The ▁S arc ana ▁later ▁fre ed ▁her ▁but ▁she ▁killed ▁them ▁after ▁reg aining ▁her ▁strength . ▁She ▁planned ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁Source ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁kill ▁the ▁host ▁and ▁destroy ▁all ▁magic . ▁ ▁Eric ▁B alf our ▁as ▁Julian ▁( season ▁ 2 ), ▁a ▁te ch ▁million aire ▁with ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁Sa fe Space ▁Seattle ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ) ▁ |
▁Season ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ) ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁development ▁A ▁reboot ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁Char med ▁series ▁had ▁been ▁announced ▁since ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁being ▁developed ▁for ▁CBS ▁by ▁Party ▁of ▁Five ▁co - cre ator ▁Christopher ▁Key ser ▁and ▁Sydney ▁Sid ner . ▁The ▁CBS ▁reboot ' s ▁pilot ▁script ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁center ▁" around ▁four ▁sister s ▁who ▁discover ▁their ▁dest iny ▁▁▁ ▁– ▁to ▁battle ▁against ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁evil ▁using ▁their ▁w itch craft ." ▁However , ▁CBS ▁ultimately ▁decided ▁not ▁to ▁move ▁forward ▁with ▁the ▁reboot . ▁On ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁The ▁C W ▁network ▁was ▁developing ▁a ▁new ▁reboot ▁of ▁Char med ▁by ▁Jane ▁the ▁Virgin ▁show runner ▁Jenn ie ▁S ny der ▁Ur man ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁television ▁season . ▁Ur man ▁had ▁been ▁approached ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁by ▁CBS ▁Television ▁Studios ▁( who ▁own ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁Char med ) ▁to ▁work ▁on ▁a ▁new ▁reboot ▁of ▁the ▁show . ▁Ur man , ▁knowing ▁that ▁Jane ▁the ▁Virgin ▁writers ▁Jess ica ▁O ' To ole ▁and ▁Amy ▁R ardin ▁were ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁series , ▁brought ▁them ▁on board ▁with ▁her ▁along ▁with ▁director B rad ▁Sil ber ling . ▁On ▁why ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁reboot ▁the ▁series , ▁Ur man ▁explained : ▁" |
The ▁original ▁was ▁so ▁much ▁about ▁female ▁emp ower ment ▁and ▁sister hood ▁and ▁strong ▁women ▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁I ▁feel ▁like ▁that ’ s ▁what ▁we ▁need ▁right ▁now . ▁It ▁felt ▁like ▁a ▁good ▁time ▁to ▁get ▁back ▁to ▁that ▁and ▁show ▁women ▁kick ing ▁ass ." ▁On ▁the ▁reason ▁they ▁chose ▁not ▁to ▁rev ive ▁the ▁series ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁cast , ▁O ' To ole ▁explained : ▁" That ▁show ▁wrapped ▁everything ▁up ▁so ▁wonder fully ▁— ▁they ▁all ▁got ▁their ▁happy ▁end ings , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁even ▁g lim ps es ▁of ▁their ▁future . ▁We ▁felt ▁like ▁it ▁told ▁a ▁complete ▁story ." ▁Ur man ▁added ▁that ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁mess ▁around ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁eight ▁years ▁of ▁myth ology . ▁The ▁C W ▁president ▁Mark ▁Ped ow itz ▁we ighed ▁in ▁on ▁why ▁Char med ▁was ▁better ▁as ▁a ▁reboot ▁than ▁a ▁rev ival , ▁saying ▁" We ▁wanted ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁different ▁path " ▁with ▁Ur man ' s ▁" gre at " ▁perspective , ▁calling ▁the ▁original ▁series ▁" a ▁great ▁show ▁for ▁that ▁time ▁and ▁place " ▁only . ▁ ▁The ▁C W ▁reboot ' s ▁original ▁pilot ▁script ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁pre quel ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁about ▁three ▁w itch es ▁( T ina , ▁Pa ige ▁and ▁An nie ), ▁who ▁are ▁not ▁related ▁but ▁are ▁brought ▁together ▁to ▁fight ▁evil ▁in ▁a ▁small ▁New ▁England ▁town |
. ▁O ' To ole ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁pre quel ▁would ▁have ▁" exp licit ly ▁explore [ d ] ▁the ▁links ▁between ▁the ▁femin ist ▁movement ▁and ▁w itch craft ." ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁Ped ow itz ▁described ▁the ▁reboot ▁as ▁" a ▁self - cont ained , ▁self - s ust ained " ▁and ▁" very ▁stand alone ▁show " ▁that ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁any ▁t ies ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁series . ▁However , ▁on ▁February ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁The ▁Hollywood ▁Re porter ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁reboot ▁would ▁be ▁re develop ed ▁and ▁delayed ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁television ▁season , ▁as ▁the ▁pilot ▁draft ▁script ▁" did n ' t ▁come ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁the ▁network ▁had ▁hoped " ▁and ▁that ▁Ur man , ▁who ▁had ▁prior ▁commit ments ▁with ▁Jane ▁the ▁Virgin , ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁enough ▁time ▁to ▁fully ▁commit ▁to ▁the ▁reboot ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season . ▁Ped ow itz ▁gave ▁an ▁update ▁on ▁the ▁reboot ▁during ▁the ▁Television ▁Crit ics ▁Association ▁press ▁tour ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁still ▁in ▁the ▁re development ▁process ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁network ▁was ▁waiting ▁to ▁see ▁what ▁Ur man ▁had ▁come ▁up ▁with ▁for ▁the ▁re develop ed ▁script . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁The ▁C W ▁officially ▁ordered ▁the ▁Char med ▁reboot ▁to |
▁pilot . ▁The ▁re develop ed ▁script ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁be ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁present ▁day ▁and ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁The ▁C W ▁as ▁" a ▁fier ce , ▁fun ny , ▁femin ist ▁reboot " ▁centered ▁on ▁" three ▁sister s ▁in ▁a ▁college ▁town ▁who , ▁after ▁the ▁trag ic ▁death ▁of ▁their ▁mother , ▁are ▁st unn ed ▁to ▁discover ▁they ▁are ▁w itch es ." ▁The ▁description ▁also ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁reboot ▁would ▁revol ve ▁around ▁the ▁sister s ▁" van qu ishing ▁super natural ▁dem ons " ▁and ▁" te aring ▁down ▁the ▁patri archy ," ▁while ▁" m aint aining ▁famil ial ▁b onds ." ▁O ' To ole ▁told ▁B uzz Feed ▁News ▁that ▁the ▁reason ▁the ▁re develop ed ▁script ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day ▁was ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁United ▁States ▁president ial ▁election . ▁She ▁explained , ▁" S ud den ly ▁it ▁didn ’ t ▁feel ▁like ▁it ▁should ▁be ▁a ▁period ▁piece ▁anymore . ▁All ▁of ▁the ▁them es ▁seemed ▁more ▁relevant , ▁and ▁we ▁wanted ▁to ▁recon cept ual ize ▁some ▁things , ▁and ▁it ▁felt ▁like ▁it ▁really ▁should ▁be ▁set ▁in ▁a ▁contemporary ▁world ." ▁The ▁pilot ▁episode ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁O ' To ole ▁and ▁R ardin , ▁and ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁story ▁by ▁Ur man . ▁All ▁three ▁women ▁became ▁executive ▁produ cers ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁alongside ▁Sil ber ling , ▁Ben ▁Silver man , ▁Howard |
▁T . ▁O w ens , ▁and ▁Carter ▁Cov ington . ▁The ▁pilot ▁episode ▁was ▁also ▁directed ▁by ▁Sil ber ling . ▁After ▁the ▁pilot ▁was ▁fil med , ▁Sil ber ling ▁told ▁the ▁Metro ▁newspaper ▁that ▁the ▁appeal ▁of ▁the ▁reboot ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁" fun ▁and ▁contemporary " ▁with ▁its ▁tim ely ▁social ▁observations . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁The ▁C W ▁picked ▁up ▁the ▁pilot ▁and ▁ordered ▁the ▁Char med ▁reboot ▁to ▁series ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁episodes . ▁On ▁October ▁ 8 , ▁The ▁C W ▁ordered ▁five ▁additional ▁scripts ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁season , ▁and ▁a ▁month ▁later , ▁The ▁C W ▁ordered ▁an ▁additional ▁nine ▁episodes , ▁bringing ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁total ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 2 ▁episodes . ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁The ▁C W ▁gave ▁the ▁series ▁an ▁early ▁renew al ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁season . ▁According ▁to ▁Les ley ▁Gold berg ▁of ▁The ▁Hollywood ▁Re porter , ▁Char med ▁was ▁renew ed ▁due ▁to ▁strong ▁international ▁sales . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁show runner ▁Carter ▁Cov ington ▁would ▁be ▁depart ing ▁Char med ▁after ▁season ▁one , ▁with ▁married ▁du o ▁L iz ▁Kru ger ▁and ▁Craig ▁Sh api ro ▁taking ▁over ▁as ▁show run ners ▁for ▁season ▁two . ▁Cov ington ▁was ▁originally ▁brought ▁in ▁as ▁show runner ▁after Char med was ▁picked ▁up ▁to ▁series , ▁in |
▁order ▁to ▁help ▁executive ▁produ cers ▁Jess ica ▁O ' To ole ▁and ▁Amy ▁R ardin , ▁neither ▁of ▁whom ▁had ▁run ▁a ▁show ▁before . ▁Following ▁the ▁change ▁in ▁show run ners , ▁media ▁out lets ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁would ▁lean ▁harder ▁into ▁the ▁super natural ▁story lines , ▁with ▁less ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁family ▁dynamics ▁that ▁Cov ington ▁helped ▁make . ▁However , ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁two ▁premi ere , ▁Kru ger ▁stated ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁TV ▁Ins ider ▁that ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁and ▁" the ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁story ▁is ▁still ▁about ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁sister hood ▁and ▁how ▁powerful ▁women ▁can ▁change ▁the ▁world ." ▁Sh api ro ▁also ▁told ▁TV ▁Ins ider ▁that ▁they ▁changed ▁the ▁whole ▁tone ▁and ▁visual ▁look ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁to ▁become ▁more ▁" dark er , ▁m ood ier , ▁ed g ier " ▁and ▁" more ▁cin ematic " ▁than ▁the ▁previous ▁season . ▁Both ▁Jeff rey ▁Lie ber ▁and ▁director ▁Stuart ▁Gill ard ▁also ▁became ▁executive ▁produ cers ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁season . ▁On ▁January ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁renew ed ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁season . ▁ ▁Cast ing ▁ ▁Cast ing ▁details ▁for ▁Char med ▁were ▁first ▁revealed ▁by ▁TV Line ▁on ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁with ▁the ▁three ▁sister s ▁bearing ▁the ▁uno fficial ▁names ▁of ▁M acy , ▁Mel ▁and ▁Mad ison ▁P ru itt . ▁It ▁also |
▁revealed ▁that ▁all ▁eth nic ities ▁were ▁being ▁considered ▁for ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁roles ▁and ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sister s ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁les bian , ▁a ▁major ▁change ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁Char med ▁series ▁where ▁all ▁Hal li well ▁sister s ▁were ▁straight ▁women . ▁TV Line ▁also ▁revealed ▁that ▁casting ▁was ▁under way ▁for ▁the ▁tri o ' s ▁" dev il ish ly ▁hand some " ▁ad visor / wh itel ighter ▁Harry , ▁M acy ' s ▁" document ary ▁film maker - boy friend " ▁Gal vin , ▁Mad ison ' s ▁" sens itive ▁lon er ▁ex - be au " ▁Brian , ▁and ▁Mel ' s ▁detect ive ▁girl friend ▁So o ▁Jin . ▁During ▁production , ▁Mad ison ' s ▁name ▁was ▁later ▁changed ▁to ▁Mag gie , ▁the ▁sister s ' ▁family ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁from ▁P ru itt ▁to ▁V era , ▁So o ▁Jin ' s ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁N iko , ▁and ▁Gal vin ▁was ▁re written ▁as ▁a ▁scient ist . ▁Form er ▁In to ▁the ▁Bad lands ▁British ▁actress ▁Made le ine ▁Mant ock ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁the ▁el dest ▁sister ▁M acy , ▁" a ▁practical , ▁driven , ▁and ▁brilliant ▁gen etic ist ". ▁Mant ock ▁was ▁cast ▁after ▁Jane ▁the ▁Virgin ▁writer ▁Mic ah ▁Sch raft , ▁who ▁she ▁had ▁worked ▁with ▁on ▁another ▁show ▁five ▁years ▁prior , ▁recommended ▁her ▁to ▁the ▁Char med ▁produ cers . ▁Mant ock ▁did ▁a ▁Sk ype |
▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁produ cers ▁because ▁she ▁was ▁in ▁London ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Te en ▁Vog ue , ▁Mant ock ▁revealed ▁that ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁after ▁reading ▁" how ▁fun ny ▁and ▁smart ▁and ▁conscious " ▁the ▁pilot ▁script ▁was , ▁saying ▁" I ▁thought ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁wonderful ▁way ▁to ▁bro ach ▁important ▁subjects , ▁be ▁they ▁women ' s ▁issues ▁or ▁political ▁issues , ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ' s ▁also ▁tied ▁into ▁this ▁wonderful ▁mag ical ▁fant asy ▁that ▁everybody ▁lov es ." ▁ ▁Film ▁actress ▁Mel onie ▁Dia z ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁the ▁middle ▁sister ▁Mel , ▁" a ▁passion ate , ▁out sp oken ▁activ ist " ▁and ▁les bian . ▁Dia z , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁sister ▁cast ▁in ▁Char med , ▁was ▁chosen ▁after ▁a ▁successful ▁meeting ▁with ▁the ▁produ cers , ▁which ▁she ▁felt ▁was ▁" an ▁instant aneous ▁connection ". ▁Dia z ▁was ▁im pressed ▁with ▁their ▁vision ▁for ▁Char med , ▁saying ▁" I ▁thought ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁really ▁clever , ▁unique ▁way ▁to ▁kind ▁of ▁modern ize ▁this ▁big ▁show ." ▁Form er ▁Des c end ants ▁and ▁Sh ades ▁of ▁Blue ▁Canadian ▁actress ▁Sarah ▁J ef fer y ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁the ▁young est ▁sister ▁Mag gie , ▁" a ▁b ub b ly ▁college ▁fresh man " ▁and ▁sor or ity ▁p ledge . ▁J ef fer y ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁produ cers ▁were ▁at ▁first ▁w ary ▁of |
▁her ▁aud ition ing ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁because ▁she ▁was ▁still ▁attached ▁to ▁Sh ades ▁of ▁Blue . ▁She ▁aud ition ed ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁with ▁scenes ▁involving ▁a ▁demon ▁dog ▁and ▁a ▁fight ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁Mag gie ' s ▁sister s . ▁J ef fer y ▁was ▁eventually ▁released ▁from ▁Sh ades ▁of ▁Blue ▁so ▁she ▁could ▁do Char med . ▁Mant ock , ▁Dia z ▁and ▁J ef fer y ▁did ▁not ▁do ▁any ▁screen ▁tests ▁together , ▁but ▁the ▁latter ▁two ▁described ▁the ▁tri o ' s ▁instant ▁chem istry ▁as ▁" mi rac ul ous ". ▁Dia z ▁stated , ▁" We ▁really ▁feel ▁like ▁sister s ," ▁while ▁J ef fer y ▁added , ▁" We ▁were ▁luck y ▁– ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁immediate ▁connection . ▁We ▁have ▁a ▁sister ly ▁rapport ▁and ▁it ' s ▁reflected ▁on screen ." ▁ ▁The ▁three ▁lead ▁actress es ▁are ▁of ▁different ▁eth nic ▁background s : ▁Mant ock ▁is ▁Af ro - Car ib bean , ▁Dia z ▁is ▁Puerto ▁R ican , ▁and ▁J ef fer y ▁is ▁African ▁American , ▁English ▁and ▁Ind igen ous ▁Canadian . ▁However , ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁they ▁all ▁play ▁Lat ina ▁sister s , ▁with ▁Mant ock ' s ▁M acy ▁and ▁J ef fer y ' s ▁Mag gie ▁both ▁being ▁Af ro - Lat inas . ▁Executive ▁producer ▁Jess ica ▁O ' To ole ▁told ▁B uzz Feed ▁News , ▁" It ▁was ▁always ▁written ▁that ▁way , |
▁specifically ▁to ▁have ▁characters ▁who ▁were ▁of ▁color , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁casting ▁it ▁all ▁kind ▁of ▁came ▁together ." ▁O ' To ole ▁also ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁lead ▁actress es ▁non - white ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁reasons ▁the ▁produ cers ▁decided ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁based ▁around ▁the ▁Hal li well ▁sister s ' ▁children ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁Char med ▁series , ▁who ▁were ▁all ▁white . ▁Executive ▁producer ▁Jenn ie ▁S ny der ▁Ur man ▁explained ▁that ▁" we ' ve ▁had ▁a ▁chance ▁to ▁see ▁three ▁white ▁w itch es " ▁and ▁working ▁on ▁Jane ▁the ▁Virgin , ▁which ▁had ▁a ▁pre domin antly ▁Latin x ▁cast , ▁helped ▁her ▁realize ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁representation ▁and ▁" what ▁it ' s ▁like ▁to ▁see ▁yourself ▁on screen ▁and ▁see ▁yourself ▁be ▁the ▁hero ▁of ▁the ▁story ". ▁O ' To ole ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁important ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁L GB T Q ▁community , ▁which ▁was ▁lack ing ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Char med ▁series , ▁explaining : ▁" Re presentation ▁is ▁important ▁and ▁I ▁think ▁it ▁doesn ’ t ▁feel ▁like ▁the ▁real ▁world ▁to ▁not ▁have ▁that ." ▁O ' To ole ▁said ▁" it ▁felt ▁very ▁natural " ▁to ▁make ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sister s ▁gay ▁and ▁that ▁" it ▁didn ' t ▁even ▁come ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁purpose ." ▁ ▁Form er ▁Man ▁in ▁the ▁High ▁Castle ▁British ▁actor ▁Ru pert ▁Evans ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁Harry , ▁a col |
lege ▁professor ▁and ▁the ▁sister s ' ▁Wh itel ighter . ▁Ser ' D arius ▁B lain ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁Gal vin , ▁a ▁love ▁interest ▁of ▁M acy ' s . ▁B lain ▁depart ed ▁the ▁show ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁after ▁his ▁character ▁was ▁killed ▁off . ▁Charlie ▁G illes pie ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁Brian , ▁a ▁love ▁interest ▁of ▁Mag gie ' s ▁who ▁only ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁series . ▁Ellen ▁Tam aki ▁was ▁cast ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁as ▁N iko , ▁" a ▁detect ive ▁on ▁the ▁Hill t ow ne ▁police ▁force " ▁and ▁les bian ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁love ▁interest ▁of ▁Mel ' s . ▁Tam aki ▁did ▁not ▁return ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁season . ▁Nick ▁H arg ro ve ▁was ▁also ▁cast ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁as ▁Parker , ▁a ▁frat ern ity ▁president ▁and ▁new ▁love ▁interest ▁of ▁Mag gie ' s . ▁H arg ro ve ▁was ▁initially ▁cast ▁as ▁rec urr ing ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁cast . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season . ▁H arg ro ve ▁did ▁not ▁return ▁as ▁a ▁regular ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁season , ▁but ▁made ▁several ▁guest ▁appearances . ▁Jordan ▁Don ica ▁was ▁cast ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁as ▁Jordan , ▁a ▁myster ious ▁law ▁student ▁and ▁amateur ▁box er . ▁Form er ▁Sh ann ara ▁Chron icles ▁British ▁actress ▁Po ppy ▁D ray ton ▁also ▁joined |
▁the ▁second ▁season ▁as ▁Ab ig ael , ▁a ▁powerful ▁and ▁myster ious ▁w itch . ▁ ▁Fil ming ▁Char med ▁is ▁fil med ▁in ▁V ancouver , ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Canada , ▁where ▁several ▁other ▁C W ▁shows ▁are ▁fil med . ▁The ▁historical ▁J . E . ▁Phill ips ▁House located ▁at ▁ 3 2 3 ▁Queens ▁Avenue in ▁New ▁West min ster ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁exterior ▁for ▁the ▁show ' s ▁fict ional ▁V era ▁Man or . ▁It ▁pays ▁hom age ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁Char med s ▁Hal li well ▁Man or , ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁similar - looking ▁red ▁Victor ian ▁house . ▁The ▁house ▁was ▁previously ▁used ▁as ▁an ▁exterior ▁in ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁W itch es ▁of ▁East ▁End ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ). ▁The ▁exterior ▁scenes ▁used ▁for ▁Hill t ow ne ▁University ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁were ▁fil med ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ' s ▁Point ▁Grey ▁Camp us . ▁The ▁pilot ▁episode ▁was ▁fil med ▁from ▁March ▁ 1 9 ▁to ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁After ▁the ▁pilot ▁was ▁picked ▁up ▁and ▁Char med ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁series , ▁film ing ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁res umed ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁and ▁ended ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁second ▁season ▁began ▁film ing ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 |
4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁end ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁However , ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁production ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁was ▁halt ed ▁until ▁further ▁notice ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ▁coron av irus ▁pan demic . ▁ ▁Release ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Char med ▁premier ed ▁on ▁The ▁C W ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁The ▁first ▁season ▁a ired ▁on ▁Sunday ▁night s ▁at ▁ 9 : 0 0 pm , ▁with ▁Super g irl ▁as ▁its ▁lead - in ▁at ▁ 8 : 0 0 ▁pm . ▁The ▁pair ing ▁of ▁Char med ▁and ▁Super g irl ▁returned ▁the ▁network ▁to ▁original ▁programming ▁on ▁Sunday ▁even ings ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁television ▁season . ▁The ▁C W ▁president ▁Mark ▁Ped ow itz ▁explained , ▁" We ▁wanted ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁established ▁show ▁on ▁Sunday ▁night . ▁We ▁wanted ▁name ▁value ▁with ▁Char med ▁on ▁there . ▁We ▁felt ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁two ▁shows ▁that ▁are ▁emp ower ed ▁women . ▁We ▁were ▁making ▁a ▁statement ▁that ▁we ▁were ▁not ▁k idd ing , ▁that ▁we ' re ▁not ▁ph oning ▁it ▁in ▁on ▁Sunday ▁night , ▁that ▁we ▁were ▁going ▁to ▁comp ete ." ▁The ▁complete ▁first ▁season ▁of ▁Char med ▁was |
▁released ▁onto ▁the ▁streaming ▁platform ▁Net fli x ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Char med ▁moved ▁to ▁Friday ▁night s ▁at ▁ 8 : 0 0 pm ▁on ▁The ▁C W ▁for ▁its ▁second ▁season , ▁which ▁premier ed ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁season ▁of ▁Char med ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁region ▁ 4 ▁DVD ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁and ▁on ▁region ▁ 1 ▁DVD ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁Canada ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁region ▁ 2 ▁DVD ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁ ▁The ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁website ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁reported ▁a ▁ 7 1 % ▁appro val ▁rating ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 6 . 5 3 / 1 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁reviews . ▁The ▁website ' s ▁cons ensus ▁reads , ▁" Char med s ▁updates ▁are ▁as ▁fun ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁surprising ly ▁femin ist ▁– ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁sh ar per ▁focus , ▁it ▁could ▁conj ure ▁up ▁an ▁even ▁stronger ▁show ▁than ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁came ▁before ▁it ". ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁which ▁uses ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average , ▁assigned |
▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 5 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" m ixed ▁or ▁average ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nomin ations ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁Original ▁cast ▁and ▁fan ▁re actions ▁Short ly ▁after ▁the ▁pilot ' s ▁announ cement ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Hol ly ▁Marie ▁Com bs , ▁a ▁cast ▁member ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁Char med ▁series , ▁took ▁to ▁Twitter ▁and ▁critic ized ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁reboot ▁the ▁show ▁without ▁any ▁input ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁cast ▁or ▁crew . ▁Com bs ▁claimed ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁issue ▁with ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁" re im ag ining " ▁of ▁Char med ▁as ▁the ▁network , ▁formerly ▁known ▁as ▁The ▁W B , ▁chose ▁not ▁to ▁renew ▁the ▁show ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁for ▁a ▁nin th ▁season . ▁Com bs ▁accused ▁The ▁C W ▁of ▁trying ▁to ▁c ash ▁in ▁on ▁the ▁Char med ▁name ▁and ▁concept , ▁while ▁" cap ital izing " ▁on ▁the ▁original ▁cast ▁and ▁crew ' s ▁hard ▁work . ▁Com bs ▁also ▁took ▁issue ▁with ▁the ▁network ' s ▁description ▁of ▁a ▁" f em in ist " ▁reboot , ▁which ▁she ▁felt ▁imp lied ▁the ▁original ▁series ▁was ▁not , ▁by ▁sar cast ically ▁twe eting : ▁" Gu ess ▁we ▁forgot ▁to ▁do ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁go ▁around . ▁H m ph ." ▁Com bs ▁then ▁imp lied ▁that |
▁the ▁reboot ▁should ▁have ▁a ▁new ▁title , ▁as ▁she ▁felt ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁brand ▁new ▁show ▁with ▁no ▁t ies ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁Char med . ▁She ▁twe et ed ▁that ▁television ▁re bo ots ▁or ▁rem akes ▁" us ually ▁have ▁story lines ▁so ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁leg ally ▁required ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁same ▁title ▁and ▁buy ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁that ▁title ", ▁further ▁adding , ▁" If ▁it ' s ▁not ▁similar ▁than ▁[ s ic ] ▁it ' s ▁just ▁another ▁show . ▁A ▁new ▁show ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁title ." ▁Another ▁original ▁cast ▁member , ▁A ly ss a ▁Milano , ▁told ▁Entertainment ▁Ton ight ▁that ▁she ▁wished ▁the ▁original ▁cast ▁were ▁involved ▁with ▁the ▁reboot ▁from ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁its ▁development ▁at ▁The ▁C W , ▁further ▁adding ▁" I ▁do ▁hope ▁that ▁it ▁reaches ▁the ▁newer ▁generation ▁and ▁impact s ▁that ▁generation ▁the ▁way ▁our s ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁do ▁for ▁its ▁generation ." ▁ ▁Sh ann en ▁D oh ert y ▁was ▁more ▁positive ▁about ▁the ▁reboot ▁to ▁fans ▁on ▁Twitter , ▁stating ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁test ament ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁that ▁a ▁reboot ▁was ▁even ▁being ▁considered . ▁She ▁also ▁added ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁" in tr igu ed ▁by ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁generation ▁might ▁be ▁comfort ed , ▁inspired ▁like ▁you ▁all ▁were . ▁Char med ▁helped ▁us ▁all ▁in ▁some ▁way ." ▁However , ▁D oh ert y ▁admitted ▁that ▁she ▁did ▁take ▁issue |
▁with ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁description ▁of ▁a ▁" f em in ist " ▁reboot , ▁by ▁twe eting ▁that ▁their ▁word ing ▁was ▁" ter rible ▁and ▁a ▁bit ▁off ensive ," ▁but ▁understood ▁that ▁" every one ▁makes ▁mistakes ". ▁D oh ert y ▁further ▁vo iced ▁her ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁reboot ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Entertainment ▁Ton ight , ▁stating ▁" I ▁think ▁it ' s ▁great . ▁I ▁think ▁it ' s ▁awesome ... I ' m ▁happy ▁to ▁see ▁that ▁a ▁show , ▁that ▁back ▁then ▁was ▁all ▁about ▁strong ▁women ▁who ▁supported ▁and ▁loved ▁each ▁other , ▁is ▁now ▁coming ▁back ▁again ▁in ▁this ▁day ▁and ▁age ." ▁D oh ert y ▁appreciated ▁the ▁reboot ▁for ▁providing ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁job ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁people , ▁wished ▁the ▁cast ▁and ▁crew ▁well , ▁and ▁hoped ▁that ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁series ▁would ▁give ▁the ▁reboot ▁a ▁chance . ▁Rose ▁McG owan ▁was ▁also ▁positive ▁towards ▁the ▁reboot ▁and ▁showed ▁her ▁support ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁lead ▁actress es ▁by ▁twe eting ▁" fly ▁girls , ▁fly ." ▁McG owan ▁also ▁added ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁no ▁issues ▁with ▁the ▁reboot ▁and ▁wished ▁" every one ▁the ▁best ". ▁McG owan ▁further ▁vo iced ▁her ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁reboot ▁on ▁Inst agram , ▁posting ▁" I ▁wish ▁nothing ▁but ▁the ▁best ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁female ▁actors ▁whose ▁care ers ▁hopefully ▁will ▁be ▁launched ▁by ▁this ▁show ▁into ▁something ▁long ▁and ▁prosper ous ." ▁ ▁News ▁of ▁the ▁reboot ▁was |
▁met ▁with ▁a ▁mixed ▁response ▁from ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁series . ▁Some ▁fans ▁were ▁positive ▁about ▁the ▁reboot , ▁while ▁others ▁were ▁not ▁im pressed ▁about ▁the ▁changes ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁series . ▁Following ▁the ▁reboot ▁announ cement , ▁fans ▁took ▁to ▁Twitter ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁share ▁the ▁# Stop Char med R eb oot ▁has ht ag ▁in ▁attempts ▁to ▁prevent ▁The ▁C W ▁from ▁moving ▁forward ▁with ▁the ▁pilot . ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁president ▁Mark ▁Ped ow itz ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁like ▁the ▁fans ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁reboot ▁a ▁chance , ▁telling ▁fans ▁that ▁" before ▁you ▁make ▁a ▁decision , ▁watch ▁the ▁series ". ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁H uff Post ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Com bs ▁spoke ▁up ▁about ▁the ▁reboot ▁again , ▁this ▁time ▁critic izing ▁the ▁show ' s ▁market ing ▁and ▁the ▁casting ▁of ▁younger ▁actors . ▁She ▁stated ▁that ▁although ▁she ▁appreci ates ▁" the ▁jobs ▁and ▁opportun ities ▁the ▁Char med ▁reboot ▁has ▁created ", ▁she ▁" will ▁never ▁understand ▁what ▁is ▁fier ce , ▁fun ny , ▁or ▁femin ist ▁in ▁creating ▁a ▁show ▁that ▁basically ▁says ▁the ▁original ▁actress es ▁are ▁too ▁old ▁to ▁do ▁a ▁job ▁they ▁did ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁ago ". ▁Milano ▁also ▁spoke ▁up ▁about ▁the ▁reboot ▁again ▁to ▁Us ▁Week ly ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁stating ▁that ▁she ▁felt ▁the ▁show ▁" ru ined ▁any ▁possibility " ▁of ▁a ▁re union ▁between ▁the ▁four |
▁original ▁lead ▁actress es , ▁calling ▁it ▁" dis res pect ful " ▁and ▁" s ad " ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁involved ▁from ▁the ▁beginning . ▁Milano ▁believed ▁that ▁they ▁" w ould ▁have ▁come ▁[ t ogether ] ▁to ▁do ▁something " ▁as ▁they ▁" created ▁that ▁world " ▁first . ▁ ▁Acc us ations ▁of ▁color ism ▁While ▁the ▁series ▁has ▁been ▁pra ised ▁for ▁its ▁divers ity ▁by ▁casting ▁three ▁women ▁of ▁color ▁in ▁the ▁lead ▁roles , ▁it ▁has ▁also ▁received ▁back l ash ▁for ▁being ▁promoted ▁as ▁a ▁Lat ina - led ▁series ▁when ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leads ▁is ▁Lat ina . ▁Mant ock , ▁who ▁learned ▁Spanish ▁for ▁the ▁role , ▁said ▁of ▁the ▁matter , ▁" I ' m ▁open ▁with ▁the ▁writers ▁and ▁trying ▁to ▁be ▁respect ful ▁because ▁I ' m ▁Af ro - Car ib bean . ▁I ' m ▁not ▁actually ▁Af ro - Lat ina ▁and ▁I ▁want ▁to ▁make ▁that ▁inqu iry ▁because ▁Mel anie ▁[ D ia z ] ▁is ▁actually ▁the ▁only ▁person ▁in ▁her ▁real ▁life ▁who ▁is ▁Lat ina ." ▁J ef fer y ▁further ▁explained , ▁" I ▁know ▁that ▁we ▁are ▁representing ▁the ▁Lat ina ▁community . ▁I ▁actually ▁am ▁African - American . ▁I ' m ▁not ▁Lat ina , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁mis con ception ." ▁Sam anth a ▁Ch av ar ria ▁felt ▁that , ▁" the ▁latest ▁reve als ▁around ▁the ▁cast ' s ▁eth nic ities |
▁do ▁highlight ▁the ▁very ▁real ▁fact ▁that ▁in ▁their ▁effort ▁to ▁promote ▁a ▁reboot , ▁the ▁C W ▁used ▁color ism ▁and ▁explo itation ▁to ▁spark ▁our ▁excitement ▁and ▁interest ." ▁Con vers ely , ▁Patrick ▁G ome z ▁of ▁E W ▁was ▁more ▁forg iving ▁of ▁the ▁casting ▁because ▁the ▁actress es ▁were ▁unknown ▁and ▁that ▁a ▁search ▁into ▁their ▁eth nic ities ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁in app ropri ate , ▁adding , ▁" I ▁hope ▁people ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁an ▁African - American ▁and ▁an ▁Af ro - Car ib bean ▁woman ▁are ▁being ▁cast ▁as ▁' Lat inas ' ▁because ▁Af ro - Lat ina ▁people ▁are ▁not ▁given ▁even ▁a ▁fraction ▁of ▁the ▁visibility ▁they ▁should ▁have ▁in ▁on - camera ▁representations ▁of ▁Latin x ▁people ." ▁Princess ▁Week es ▁of ▁The ▁Mary ▁Sue ▁aff ir med ▁Ch av ar ria ' s ▁assess ment ▁of ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁use ▁of ▁color ism , ▁but ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁actress es ▁were ▁not ▁to ▁bl ame , ▁stating ▁" When ▁the ▁cre atives ▁realized ▁they ' d ▁cast ▁two ▁black ▁actress es ▁who ▁were ▁not ▁Lat ina ▁in ▁this ▁show , ▁they ▁should ▁have ▁changed ▁the ▁narr ative ▁to ▁reflect ▁that ." ▁ ▁References General ▁references ' ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁L GB T - related ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American |
▁super natural ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 s ▁American ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 s ▁American ▁super natural ▁television ▁series ▁Category : American ▁fant asy ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : American ▁fant asy ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Char med ▁( TV ▁series ) ▁Category : The ▁C W ▁original ▁programming ▁Category : D em ons ▁in ▁television ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : F em in ist ▁television ▁Category : H is pan ic ▁and ▁Lat ino ▁American ▁port ray als ▁in ▁media ▁Category : Les bian - related ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : T ele vision ▁about ▁magic ▁Category : T ele vision ▁produ ctions ▁susp ended ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ▁coron av irus ▁pan demic ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁about ▁sister s ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁by ▁CBS ▁Television ▁Studios ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁produced ▁in ▁V ancouver ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁re bo ots ▁Category : T ele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : W itch craft ▁in ▁television <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁m anga ▁artist ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁creating ▁Tokyo ▁Under ground . ▁U ra ku ▁won ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁grand ▁pri zes ▁( the ▁other ▁winner ▁being ▁Dia ch iken ▁I se ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁En ix ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁M anga ▁Awards ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 9 7 ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁Y oj ō ▁Mah ō ▁Sh or ib an . ▁This ▁story ▁was ▁later ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁issue ▁of ▁Month ly ▁G ▁Fant asy . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Tokyo ▁Under ground ▁was ▁adapted ▁into ▁an ▁an ime ▁television ▁series ▁a ired ▁on ▁TV ▁Tokyo . ▁U ra ku ▁made ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance ▁as ▁a ▁student ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁episode ▁of ▁that ▁series . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁( 1 9 9 7 , ▁Month ly ▁G ▁Fant asy ) ▁Tokyo ▁Under ground ▁( 1 4 ▁volumes , ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁– ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Month ly ▁Sh ō nen ▁Gang an ) ▁On ik ir is ama ▁no ▁H ako ir im us ume ▁( ir regular ly ▁since ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁issue ▁of ▁Month ly ▁Sh ō nen ▁Gang an ▁till ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁issue , ▁all ▁ 4 ▁volumes ▁T ank ō bon ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Profile ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁Under ground ▁on ▁absolute an ime . com ▁Gang an ▁Square ▁En ix ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M anga ▁artists ▁Category : M anga ▁artists ▁from ▁Hy ō go ▁Pref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁Nova ▁Vas ▁pri ▁Š mar ju ▁( ; ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Š mar je ▁pri ▁J |
el š ah ▁in ▁eastern ▁Sloven ia . ▁It ▁lies ▁in ▁the ▁hills ▁north ▁of ▁Š mar je ▁on ▁the ▁road ▁to ▁S lad ka ▁G ora . ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁historical ▁region ▁of ▁St y ria ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁Sav in ja ▁Statist ical ▁Region . ▁ ▁Name ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁settlement ▁was ▁changed ▁from ▁Nova ▁vas ▁to ▁Nova ▁vas ▁pri ▁Š mar ju ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Nova ▁Vas ▁pri ▁Š mar ju ▁at ▁Ge op edia ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Š mar je ▁pri ▁J el š ah <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁electric ▁multiple ▁unit ▁( EM U ) ▁train ▁type ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁private ▁railway ▁operator ▁Jos hin ▁Electric ▁Railway ▁on ▁the ▁Jos hin ▁Line ▁in ▁Gun ma ▁Pref ect ure , ▁Japan , ▁since ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Form ation ▁, ▁the ▁company ▁oper ates ▁one ▁two - car ▁set , ▁consisting ▁of ▁one ▁mot ored ▁(" Mc ") ▁car ▁and ▁one ▁un power ed ▁tra iler ▁(" T c ") ▁car , ▁and ▁is ▁formed ▁as ▁shown ▁below . ▁ ▁The ▁" Mc " ▁car ▁is ▁fitted ▁with ▁two ▁K P 3 2 7 4 ▁single - arm ▁p ant ograph s . ▁ ▁Inter ior ▁Pass enger ▁accommod ation ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁trans verse ▁ 4 - person ▁se ating ▁b ays ▁and ▁longitud inal ▁ben |
ch ▁se ating . ▁The ▁train ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁to ile ts . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁set ▁entered ▁service ▁from ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : E lect ric ▁multiple ▁units ▁of ▁Japan ▁Category : Tra in - related ▁introdu ctions ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁Gun ma ▁Pref ect ure ▁Category : N i ig ata ▁Trans ys ▁rolling ▁stock <0x0A> </s> ▁Groß er ▁B aster gra ben ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West phal ia , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁W ap el bach ▁south ▁of ▁Gü ters lo h . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West phal ia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West phal ia ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Sou ah lia ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁and ▁commune ▁in ▁T lem cen ▁Province ▁in ▁north - western ▁Al ger ia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁T lem cen ▁Province ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁Al ger ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Min ▁Jun lin ▁( ; ▁ ▁; ▁born ▁ 1 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁in ▁Les han ), ▁former ▁name ▁Min ▁Qu an x in ▁( Ch inese : ▁ <0xE9> <0x97> <0xB5> 泉 <0xE9> <0x91> <0xAB> ; ▁; ▁▁ ▁), ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁China ▁League ▁One ▁side ▁Gu iz hou |
▁H eng f eng . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Min ▁joined ▁Chinese ▁Super ▁League ▁side ▁Gu ang z hou ▁R & F ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁debut ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁in ▁the ▁Pre lim inary ▁round ▁ 2 ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League ▁qual ifying ▁play - off ▁against ▁War riors ▁FC , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁for ▁Ji ang ▁N ing . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Premier ▁League ▁side ▁R & F , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁satellite ▁team ▁of ▁Gu ang z hou ▁R & F . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Senior ▁Challenge ▁Sh ield ▁against ▁BC ▁Gl ory ▁Sky . ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Min ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁Super ▁League ▁new com er ▁Gu iz hou ▁Zh ich eng ▁for ▁one ▁season . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁Gu iz hou ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 1 ▁home ▁draw ▁against ▁L ia oning ▁FC . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁goal ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 2 ▁home ▁draw ▁against ▁Ji ang su ▁Sun ing |
. ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁second ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 4 – 3 ▁home ▁win ▁against ▁Heb ei ▁China ▁Fort une . ▁His ▁third ▁goal ▁came ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁against ▁parent ▁club ▁Gu ang z hou ▁R & F ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁win ▁for ▁Gu iz hou . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁season , ▁Min ▁played ▁the ▁third ▁highest ▁number ▁of ▁minutes ▁of ▁any ▁under ▁ 2 3 ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁C SL . ▁He ▁made ▁a ▁permanent ▁transfer ▁to ▁Gu iz hou ▁H eng f eng ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Statistics ▁accurate ▁as ▁of ▁match ▁played ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁▁ 1 Le ague ▁Cu ps ▁include ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Senior ▁Challenge ▁Sh ield , ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁League ▁Cup ▁and ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁S ap ling ▁Cup . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ch inese ▁football ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Les han ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁S ich uan ▁Category : Gu ang z hou ▁R & F ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : R & F ▁( H ong ▁Kong ) ▁players ▁Category : Gu iz hou ▁H eng f eng ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : |
Ch inese ▁Super ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Ch ina ▁League ▁One ▁players ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards <0x0A> </s> ▁Kon ina ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Nied ź w ied ź , ▁within ▁Lim an owa ▁County , ▁L esser ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁southern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Nied ź w ied ź , ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Lim an owa , ▁and ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Krak ów . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 , 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Lim an owa ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁canton ▁of ▁Dre ux - 2 ▁is ▁an ▁administrative ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁E ure - et - Lo ir ▁department , ▁northern ▁France . ▁It ▁was ▁created ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁canton ▁re organisation ▁which ▁came ▁into ▁effect ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Its ▁seat ▁is ▁in ▁Dre ux . ▁ ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁communes : ▁▁ ▁Le ▁Bou ll ay - M ivo ye ▁Le ▁Bou ll ay - Th ier ry ▁Br éch amps ▁Char pont ▁Ch aud on ▁Cro is illes ▁Dre ux ▁( part ly ) ▁É cl uz elles ▁L ur ay ▁Mé zi ères - en - Dr ou ais ▁Or mo y ▁O uer re ▁Sainte - G em me - Mor on |
val ▁Ville me ux - sur - E ure ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C ant ons ▁of ▁E ure - et - Lo ir <0x0A> </s> ▁Jer ro ld ▁W ex ler ▁( J une ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁– ▁November ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁noted ▁American ▁business man ▁and ▁film ▁producer . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁brother ▁of ▁cinemat ograph er ▁H askell ▁W ex ler ▁and ▁the ▁step father ▁of ▁actress ▁D ary l ▁Hann ah . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁W ex ler ▁was ▁born ▁to ▁a ▁Jewish ▁family ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁L ott ie ▁and ▁Simon ▁W ex ler , ▁and ▁attended ▁North western ▁University . ▁His ▁father ▁founded ▁the ▁Columbia ▁Radio ▁Corporation ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁and ▁the ▁Al lied ▁Radio ▁Corporation ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁Al lied ▁Radio ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁radio ▁manufact urer ▁and ▁ret ail er , ▁which ▁sold ▁radio ▁sets , ▁tub es , ▁capac itors , ▁amateur ▁radio ▁equipment , ▁citiz en ' s ▁band ▁( CB ) ▁rad ios , ▁and ▁consumer ▁audio ▁systems ▁through ▁ret ail ▁stores ▁and ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁also ▁via ▁mail - order . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁Al lied ▁Radio ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁T andy ▁Corporation , ▁the ▁parent ▁company ▁of ▁Radio ▁Sh ack . ▁His ▁brother ▁was ▁cinemat ograph er , ▁film ▁producer |
, ▁and ▁director ▁H askell ▁W ex ler . ▁ ▁Business ▁vent ures ▁By ▁his ▁early ▁ 3 0 s , ▁he ▁was ▁building ▁a ▁reputation ▁for ▁finan cing ▁monument al ▁sk ys c rap ers , ▁including ▁ 4 0 0 ▁East ▁Rand olph ▁a ▁lux ury ▁a partment ▁building ▁in ▁Chicago ' s ▁Loop . ▁With ▁his ▁father ' s ▁help , ▁he ▁bro ker ed ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁Executive ▁Pla za ▁Hotel ▁on ▁W acker ▁Drive ▁( now ▁known ▁as ▁Hotel ▁ 7 1 ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁he , ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁business ▁partner ▁Edward ▁W . ▁Ross , ▁purchased ▁the ▁Dra ke ▁Hotel . ▁ ▁The ▁Dra ke ▁was ▁successfully ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁W ex ler ' s ▁Jup iter ▁Indust ries , ▁which ▁had ▁interests ▁in ▁the ▁Play boy ▁Building , ▁Lake ▁Point ▁Tower , ▁Michigan ▁Avenue ▁real ▁estate , ▁do z ens ▁of ▁Chicago ▁hot els , ▁and ▁property ▁hold ings ▁in ▁both ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁saved ▁Gold blatt ' s ▁from ▁bank rupt cy . ▁ ▁Jup iter ▁also ▁developed ▁the ▁V ista ▁International ▁Hotel ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center , ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mar ri ott ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center , ▁which ▁was ▁destroyed ▁in ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁attacks . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁pione ering ▁new |
▁development ▁areas ; ▁the ▁Executive ▁Pla za ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁hotel ▁in ▁Chicago ▁in ▁dec ades , ▁and ▁the ▁V ista ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁hotel ▁in ▁dow nt own ▁Manh attan ▁for ▁dec ades . ▁He ▁also ▁built ▁the ▁Out er ▁Drive ▁East ▁development ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁which ▁expanded ▁the ▁dow nt own ▁into ▁an ▁industrial ▁and ▁sh ipping ▁area ▁in ▁decl ine . ▁ ▁When ▁Ber tr am ▁Lee ▁failed ▁to ▁come ▁up ▁with ▁his ▁ten ▁percent ▁share ▁to ▁purchase ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁Den ver ▁N ug gets ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Peter ▁B yn oe ▁rec ru ited ▁Jer ro ld ▁W ex ler ▁and ▁Jay ▁P ritz ker ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁deal ▁alive . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁held ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁team ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁when ▁CO MS AT ▁bought ▁out ▁Dre x el ▁Burn ham ▁Lam bert , ▁B yn oe ▁and ▁his ▁partners . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁his ▁business ▁interests , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁very ▁active ▁political ▁contrib utor . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁he ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁trust ees ▁of ▁the ▁John ▁Austin ▁Che ley ▁Foundation . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁W ex ler ▁married ▁L olly ▁L ur ie ; ▁they ▁had ▁four ▁children : ▁Susan ▁W ex ler ▁P iser ; ▁Jane ▁W ex ler ▁Fe il ; ▁D iane ▁W ex ler ▁Grant ; ▁and ▁Jud ith ▁W ex ler ▁G igli otti . ▁They ▁divor ced |
▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁he ▁married ▁Susan ▁Jean ne ▁Met z ger , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁one ▁child : ▁film ▁director ▁T anya ▁W ex ler . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁three ▁step children ▁from ▁his ▁marriage ▁to ▁Met z ger : ▁actress ▁D ary l ▁Hann ah , ▁Donald ▁Hann ah , ▁and ▁actress ▁Page ▁Hann ah ▁Ad ler . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁W ex ler ▁died ▁of ▁l ym ph oma ▁at ▁the ▁Stan ford ▁Hospital ▁in ▁Pal o ▁Al to , ▁California . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁induct ed ▁post hum ously ▁into ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Association ▁of ▁RE AL T ORS ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁His ▁estate ▁continued ▁to ▁sell ▁off ▁his ▁business ▁interests ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁after ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Film ▁Pres ervation ▁Board ▁added ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁film ▁Med ium ▁C ool , ▁co - produ ced ▁by ▁Jer ro ld ▁and ▁H askell ▁W ex ler , ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Film ▁Reg istry . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Jer ro ld ▁W ex ler ▁at ▁Emp oris . com ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁ob itu ary ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁real ▁estate ▁business people ▁Category : American ▁Jews ▁Category : |
De ath s ▁from ▁cancer ▁in ▁California ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁l ym ph oma ▁Category : N orth western ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁business people <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁W apt a ▁ice ▁fields ▁are ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁gla ci ers ▁popular ▁with ▁clim bers ▁on ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁Al berta ▁and ▁British ▁Columbia ▁in ▁Y oh o ▁National ▁Park ▁in ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Rock ies . ▁The ▁Burg ess ▁sh ale ▁animal ▁W apt ia ▁takes ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁these ▁features . ▁ ▁Their ▁m elt water ▁fe eds ▁the ▁nearby ▁W apt a ▁falls . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G la ci ers ▁of ▁Al berta ▁Category : G la ci ers ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : Y oh o ▁National ▁Park <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Mol ise ▁( ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁UN IM OL , ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁public ▁university ▁located ▁in ▁Camp ob asso , ▁Italy . ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁by ▁the ▁Law ▁n . 5 9 0 ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁plan ▁for ▁development ▁and ▁institution ▁of ▁new ▁univers ities ; ▁the ▁camp uses ▁of ▁this ▁university ▁are ▁all ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Mol ise ▁and ▁they ▁are : ▁in ▁Camp ob asso ▁( Head quarters ), ▁I ser nia , ▁P es che ▁and ▁Term oli . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 8 2 - 1 9 8 3 |
▁was ▁opened ▁the ▁University ▁with ▁the ▁only ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Science , ▁then ▁with ▁the ▁bor ning ▁of ▁the ▁fac ult ies ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁especially ▁of ▁Law , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁students ▁grew . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁new ▁structures ▁were ▁opened ▁in ▁I ser nia , ▁where ▁was ▁also ▁set ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁Natural ▁Sciences . ▁Later ▁on ▁in ▁Camp ob asso ▁was ▁opened ▁the ▁Col oz za ▁Center , ▁which ▁has ▁improved ▁the ▁quality ▁and ▁organization ▁of ▁the ▁courses ▁becoming ▁now ad ays ▁a ▁school ▁for ▁master ' s ▁degrees ▁in ▁Second ary ▁Education . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁the ▁University ▁increased ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁students ▁and ▁of ▁courses , ▁establish ing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁and ▁S urg ery , ▁the ▁young est ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁UN IM OL . ▁Moreover , ▁after ▁a ▁notice ▁of ▁competition ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁University , ▁was ▁created ▁the ▁Scient ific ▁and ▁Techn ological ▁campus , ▁which ▁represents ▁a ▁link ▁between ▁the ▁research ▁and ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁business . ▁Today ▁the ▁University ▁counts ▁about ▁ 7 , 0 0 0 ▁students . ▁ ▁Un im ol ▁Management ▁Centre ▁" Un im ol ▁Management " ▁provides ▁for ▁high ▁special ising ▁courses ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁Public ▁and ▁Private ▁Management . ▁Its ▁a ims ▁are ▁the ▁promotion ▁and ▁spread ing ▁of ▁manager ial ▁and ▁entrepr ene ur ial ▁culture ▁in ▁public ▁and ▁private ▁se ctors ▁through ▁the ▁development , ▁the |
▁organisation ▁and ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁ ▁high ▁quality ▁courses . ▁ ▁Col oz za ▁Centre ▁The ▁aim ▁of ▁the ▁special isation ▁Centre ▁“ Col oz za ” ▁is ▁a ▁specific ▁professional ▁training ▁for ▁pros pective ▁High ▁School ▁teachers . ▁The ▁did act ical ▁activities ▁include ▁not ▁only ▁mere ▁teach ings , ▁but ▁also ▁labor atory ▁activities ▁and ▁tra ine es hips ▁aim ing ▁at ▁the ▁integration ▁between ▁the or etic ▁knowledge ▁and ▁practical ▁ab ilities . ▁The ▁Centre ▁offers ▁the ▁following ▁diplom as : ▁ ▁C urr ic ula : ▁L ingu istic ▁– ▁Liter ary ▁Natural ▁Sciences ▁Physics , ▁Mathemat ics , ▁Computer ▁Sciences ▁Econom ic ▁– ▁Jud icial ▁Sciences ▁Sport ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Depart ments ▁The ▁University ▁is ▁organ ised ▁in ▁six ▁depart ments : ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ural , ▁Environment al ▁and ▁Food ▁Sciences ▁Department ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁Department ▁of ▁Human ities , ▁Education ▁and ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁Department ▁of ▁B ios ci ences ▁and ▁Territ ory ▁Department ▁of ▁Law ▁Department ▁of ▁Medicine ▁and ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁ ▁University ▁Cent res ▁Centre ▁for ▁Did act ics ▁and ▁Inform atic ▁Research ▁Centre ▁of ▁Mol ise ▁Culture ▁Centre ▁of ▁Document ation ▁and ▁Research ▁on ▁Sch ol astic ▁Instit utes , ▁Sch ol astic ▁Book ▁and ▁on ▁k ids ▁Liter ature ▁History ▁University ▁L ingu istic ▁Centre ▁Centre ▁of ▁formation ▁on ▁A ging ▁Medicine ▁International ▁Research ▁Centre ▁for ▁the ▁Study ▁and ▁Pre vention ▁of ▁At op ic ▁D erm at itis ▁and ▁Ps or ias is ▁Leg al ▁Sem inar ▁Centre ▁" And rea ▁d ' |
I ser nia " ▁Micro sc opy ▁Inter de partment al ▁Services ▁Centre ▁App enn in ic ▁Centre ▁of ▁Studies ▁Tour istic ▁Systems ▁Study ▁Center ▁Labor atory ▁for ▁the ▁Activ ities ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁Territ orial ▁and ▁Environment al ▁Development ▁Labor atory ▁for ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁relations ▁between ▁Comp an ies , ▁Institution s ▁and ▁Sto cks ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Italian ▁univers ities ▁ ▁Camp ob asso ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Mol ise ▁- ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁C US ▁Mol ise ▁- ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : Univers ities ▁in ▁Italy ▁University ▁of ▁Mol ise ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Camp ob asso ▁Category : E ducation ▁in ▁Mol ise ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Rud olph ▁Ralph ▁John ▁Z un ich ▁( Nov ember ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁March ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁def ens eman ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁N HL ▁with ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁for ▁ 2 ▁games ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 3 – 4 4 ▁N HL ▁season . ▁He ▁was ▁held ▁point less , ▁but ▁he ▁did ▁register ▁a ▁minor ▁penalty . ▁Although ▁Rud olph ▁never ▁registered ▁a ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁N HL , ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁purs ue ▁the ▁life ▁of |
▁a ▁hockey ▁coach . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁def ens emen ▁Category : Det roit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁players ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Michigan ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Cal um et , ▁Michigan <0x0A> </s> ▁Mak amba ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁located ▁in ▁southern ▁Bur und i . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁Mak amba ▁Province . ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Bur und i <0x0A> </s> ▁S vet l ana ▁Vlad im iro v na ▁Med ved e va ▁( , ▁; ▁n ée ▁L inn ik , ▁; ▁born ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 5 ) ▁is ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁former ▁Russian ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁and ▁President , ▁D mit ry ▁Med ved ev . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁S vet l ana ▁L inn ik ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁military ▁family ▁in ▁K ron stadt , ▁a ▁town ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁L ening rad . ▁Med ved e va ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁child ▁in ▁her ▁family . ▁ ▁Med ved e va ▁was ▁active ▁in ▁ext rac urr icular ▁activities ▁in ▁school , ▁and ▁took ▁an ▁active ▁part ▁in ▁school - h eld ▁K V N s , ▁spect acles , ▁performances ▁and ▁other ▁events . ▁Med ved e va ▁met ▁her ▁future ▁husband ▁in ▁Middle ▁School ▁# 3 0 5 , ▁in ▁, ▁near ▁L ening rad . ▁ |
▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁Med ved e va ▁began ▁studying ▁at ▁the ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Fin ance . ▁In ▁her ▁first ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁university , ▁Med ved e va ▁switched ▁to ▁taking ▁evening ▁courses ▁and ▁started ▁working ▁full - time . ▁The ▁Med ved e vs ▁married ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁after ▁they ▁had ▁completed ▁their ▁studies . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁Med ved e va ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁their ▁son , ▁I ly a , ▁and ▁stopped ▁working . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁Med ved e va ▁was ▁bapt ized ▁into ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁Church . ▁ ▁Political ▁activity ▁After ▁the ▁couple ▁moved ▁to ▁Moscow , ▁Med ved e va ▁directed ▁several ▁Russian - Ital ian ▁initi atives , ▁Sister ▁cities ▁Milan ▁– ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁and ▁Ven ice ▁– ▁Saint ▁Petersburg , ▁which ▁intended ▁to ▁develop ▁tour ism ▁between ▁these ▁cities . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Med ved e va ▁initi ated ▁the ▁annual ▁Russian ▁Art ▁Festival ▁in ▁B ari , ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Med ved e va ▁became ▁First ▁Lady ▁when ▁her ▁husband , ▁D mit ry ▁Med ved ev , ▁took ▁over ▁as ▁President ▁following ▁his ▁victory ▁in ▁Russian ▁President ial ▁elections ▁on ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁Med ved e va ▁head ed ▁the ▁initi ative ▁for ▁the ▁institution ▁of ▁Family ▁Day ▁in ▁Russia . ▁Med ved e va ▁has |
▁already ▁caused ▁something ▁of ▁a ▁media ▁f ren zy , ▁even ▁though ▁she ▁sh ies ▁away ▁from ▁photograph ers ▁and ▁rarely ▁gives ▁inter views . ▁Med ved e va ▁currently ▁ch airs ▁the ▁management ▁council ▁of ▁mult it ier ▁program ▁Spirit ual ▁and ▁moral ▁culture ▁of ▁younger ▁generation ▁of ▁Russia ▁created ▁with ▁bless ing ▁of ▁Alex y ▁II ▁of ▁Moscow . ▁In ▁an ▁interview , ▁Med ved e va ▁detailed ▁her ▁views ▁on ▁the ▁interaction ▁between ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁and ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Russia ▁in ▁prom oting ▁family ▁policies . ▁Med ved e va ▁has ▁taken ▁up ▁the ▁pro - life ▁cause ▁in ▁Russia ' s ▁efforts ▁to ▁restrict ▁abort ion ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Med ved e va ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leading ▁figures ▁of ▁restrict ing ▁the ▁freedom ▁of ▁religion ▁in ▁Russia . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Med ved e va ▁visited ▁the ▁National ▁Gallery ▁and ▁the ▁History ▁Museum ▁of ▁Armen ia , ▁along ▁with ▁visit ing ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁First ▁Lady , ▁R ita ▁S args yan . ▁T ogether ▁they ▁adm ired ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁various ▁pain ters , ▁including ▁Ivan ▁A iv az ov sky , ▁V ard ges ▁Sur eny ants , ▁Ge v org ▁Bash in j ag hy an , ▁and ▁Pan os ▁Ter le me zy an . ▁Following ▁the ▁exhibition , ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁First ▁Lady ▁showed ▁her ▁a ▁ 5 5 0 0 - year - old ▁sh |
oe , ▁which ▁was ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁in ▁the ▁V ay ots ▁D zor ▁Province . ▁ ▁Med ved e va ▁is ▁a ▁pro - life ▁activ ist , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁pushing ▁for ▁restrictions ▁on ▁abort ion . ▁ ▁Family ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁S vet l ana ▁married ▁D mit ry ▁Med ved ev . ▁The ▁son , ▁I ly a ▁Med ved ev , ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : First ▁Lad ies ▁of ▁Russia ▁Category : Saint ▁Petersburg ▁University ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Fin ance ▁al umn i ▁Category : D mit ry ▁Med ved ev ▁Category : Russ ian ▁anti - ab ort ion ▁activ ists ▁Category : Russ ian ▁Orth odox ▁Christians ▁from ▁Russia <0x0A> </s> ▁IC ▁ 3 ▁is ▁a ▁compact ▁elli pt ical ▁galax y ▁located ▁approximately ▁ 2 2 8 ▁million ▁light - year s ▁away ▁in ▁the ▁const ell ation ▁of ▁P is ces . ▁The ▁galax y ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁astronom er ▁St é ph ane ▁J av elle ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁IC ▁ 1 1 0 1 ▁ ▁Mess ier ▁ 8 7 ▁ ▁Index ▁Catalogue ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : El li pt ical ▁galaxies ▁Category : P is |
ces ▁( const ell ation ) ▁ 0 0 0 3 ▁ 8 3 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Secret ▁Pass ion ▁is ▁the ▁sevent h ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁French ▁singer ▁Am anda ▁Lear , ▁released ▁by ▁Car r ere ▁Records ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Background ▁Secret ▁Pass ion ▁was ▁Am anda ' s ▁first ▁full - length ▁studio ▁album ▁after ▁her ▁departure ▁from ▁Ari ola ▁Records . ▁It ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁Stef ana ▁Studios ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁and ▁Hollywood ▁Studios ▁in ▁Rome ▁with ▁mostly ▁American ▁compos ers , ▁mus icians ▁and ▁arr angers . ▁Con tr ary ▁to ▁previous ▁albums , ▁Am anda ▁had ▁little ▁input ▁into ▁song writing ▁and ▁compos ing , ▁with ▁minor ▁contributions ▁in ▁only ▁three ▁songs . ▁The ▁material ▁show c ased ▁a ▁dance able ▁synth pop ▁sound ▁produced ▁by ▁Christian ▁De ▁Wal den ▁with ▁Steve ▁S inger . ▁Secret ▁Pass ion ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Car r ere ▁Records , ▁a ▁major ▁label ▁in ▁Franc oph one ▁countries ▁like ▁France , ▁Belg ium , ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁Canada ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁ ▁" Les ▁Fem mes ", ▁a ▁French - language ▁version ▁of ▁" She ▁Wolf ", ▁was ▁released ▁as ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁A ▁cover ▁of ▁The ▁Tro gg s ' ▁" W ild ▁Th ing " ▁and ▁" Time ' s ▁Up " ▁were ▁released ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁the ▁latter ▁only |
▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁" A ph ro dis iac " ▁was ▁re - record ed ▁in ▁French ▁and ▁re - t itled ▁" A ph ro dis ia que " ▁for ▁its ▁release ▁as ▁a ▁single ▁exclus ively ▁in ▁France . ▁During ▁the ▁album ' s ▁recording ▁sessions , ▁an ▁updated ▁dance ▁version ▁of ▁Lear ' s ▁signature ▁t une ▁" F ollow ▁Me " ▁was ▁recorded , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁single ▁to ▁promote ▁Secret ▁Pass ion , ▁although ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁album . ▁Despite ▁frequent ▁television ▁performances , ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁singles ▁managed ▁to ▁chart . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁not ▁only ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁European ▁com eb ack ▁for ▁Am anda ▁Lear , ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁of ▁working ▁primarily ▁as ▁a ▁successful ▁TV ▁present er , ▁but ▁also ▁a ▁serious ▁attempt ▁to ▁launch ▁her ▁career ▁in ▁English - spe aking ▁countries ▁like ▁the ▁USA , ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁as ▁well . ▁However , ▁as ▁she ▁was ▁getting ▁ready ▁to ▁start ▁prom oting ▁Secret ▁Pass ion , ▁Lear ▁was ▁seriously ▁injured ▁in ▁a ▁near ▁fatal ▁car ▁crash . ▁She ▁had ▁to ▁spend ▁months ▁in ▁con val esc ence ▁and ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁album . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁fare ▁as ▁well ▁commer cially ▁as ▁had ▁been ▁hoped ▁and ▁planned ▁for . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁album ▁has ▁not ▁had ▁a ▁CD ▁release ▁as ▁such , ▁tracks ▁have ▁sur fac ed ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁comp il ations |
▁lic ensed ▁by ▁Sie ben punkt s ▁Verlag ▁G mb h / Z Y X ▁Music / M int ▁Records ▁over ▁the ▁years ▁and ▁all ▁eight ▁songs ▁have ▁appeared ▁on ▁comp il ations ▁I ' m ▁a ▁M ister y ▁– ▁The ▁Wh ole ▁Story ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁and ▁Living ▁Leg end ▁( 2 0 0 3 ). ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁Side ▁A ▁ ▁" Des ire " ▁( C ale ▁Roberts , ▁Frank ▁An sel mo ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 8 ▁ ▁" W ild ▁Th ing " ▁( Ch ip ▁Taylor ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 6 ▁ ▁" I ▁W ant ▁My ▁Name ▁on ▁a ▁Billboard " ▁( Ste ve ▁S inger , ▁Margaret ▁Harris , ▁Peter ▁Van ▁A sten , ▁Richard ▁De Bo is ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 5 ▁ ▁" She ▁Wolf " ▁( Mad ely nn ▁Von ▁R itz , ▁Gary ▁M . ▁Johnson ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 7 ▁ ▁Side ▁B ▁ ▁" Man ne quin " ▁( Michael ▁Price , ▁Am anda ▁Lear ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 2 ▁ ▁" I ' m ▁a ▁M ister y " ▁( Ser aph im , ▁Am anda ▁Lear , ▁Roland ▁Vincent ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 5 ▁ ▁" A ph ro dis iac " ▁( M ike ▁Step stone , ▁Steve ▁S inger , ▁Am anda ▁Lear , ▁Len ny ▁Mac al uso ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 4 ▁ ▁" Time |
' s ▁Up " ▁( M ara ▁Cub ed du , ▁Michael ▁Bernard , ▁Bob ▁Est y ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 5 5 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Am anda ▁Lear ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁Roc co ▁Bar oc co ▁– ▁dress ▁Rick ▁Braun ▁– ▁tr ump et ▁Kim ▁Bull ard ▁– ▁synth es izers ▁Charlie ▁C annon ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Frank ▁Cast iglia ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Claude ▁Ca ud ron ▁– ▁art work ▁Ros ie ▁D ' And rea ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Christian ▁De ▁Wal den ▁– ▁record ▁producer , ▁musical ▁and ▁vocal ▁arr anger , ▁executive ▁producer , ▁mixing ▁St ace y ▁Dun ne ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Michael ▁Fish er ▁– ▁per cussion ▁Den ny ▁F ong he iser ▁– ▁drums ▁K iko ▁F us co ▁– ▁sound ▁engineer ▁Brian ▁Gard ner ▁– ▁master ing ▁John ▁Ingl ods by ▁– ▁assistant ▁sound ▁engineer ▁Marco ▁Man us so ▁– ▁guitar ▁Maur izio ▁Mar iani ▁– ▁assistant ▁sound ▁engineer ▁ ▁Carlo ▁Me zz ano ▁– ▁executive ▁producer ▁Victoria ▁Miller ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Doug ▁Nor w ine ▁– ▁sa x oph one ▁Carol ▁Park s ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals , ▁vocal ▁arr anger ▁Dean ▁Park s ▁– ▁guitar ▁Bob ▁Par r ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar ▁John ▁C . ▁Par r ▁– ▁guitar ▁Greg ▁Pen ny ▁– ▁sound ▁engineer , ▁mixing ▁Les lie ▁Per kins ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Edd iy ▁Pet rol ati ▁– ▁assistant ▁sound ▁engineer ▁Michael ▁Price ▁– ▁synth es izers ▁Deb bie ▁R ider ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁An nie ▁Robert ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Roberto ▁Roc |
chi ▁– ▁cover ▁photo ▁Den ise ▁Ros ner ▁– ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Tom ▁Wal sh ▁– ▁drums ▁Joe ▁S eta ▁– ▁sound ▁engineer ▁Steve ▁S inger ▁– ▁record ▁producer , ▁musical ▁arr anger , ▁executive ▁producer , ▁synth es izers ▁ ▁Release ▁history ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Secret ▁Pass ion ▁at ▁Discogs ▁ ▁Secret ▁Pass ion ▁at ▁R ate ▁Your ▁Music ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁albums ▁Category : Am anda ▁Lear ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁IO Active ▁is ▁an ▁independent ▁computer ▁security ▁services ▁firm ▁active ▁in ▁several ▁areas . ▁They ▁are ▁known ▁for ▁reporting ▁high ▁sever ity ▁security ▁vulner abilities ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁products . ▁IO Active ▁has ▁offices ▁in ▁Seattle , ▁London , ▁Dub ai ▁and ▁Madrid . ▁IO Active ▁has ▁done ▁research es ▁on ▁smart ▁cities ▁and ▁the ▁transport ation ▁and ▁technology ▁that ▁connect s ▁them , ▁and ▁has ▁worked ▁with ▁Global ▁ 5 0 0 ▁companies ▁in ▁multiple ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁IO Active ▁was ▁awarded ▁C RE ST ▁acc red itation ▁for ▁its ▁pen etr ation ▁testing ▁services . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁recognized ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁“ M ost ▁Import ant ▁Indust ry ▁Comp an ies ▁of ▁the ▁Last ▁ 3 0 ▁Years ” ▁by ▁SC ▁Media ▁in ▁their ▁ 3 0 th ▁An ni versary ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Research ▁ ▁DNS ▁V ul ner ability ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Dan ▁K amin sky |
, ▁Director ▁of ▁Pen etr ation ▁Test ing ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁discovered ▁a ▁domain ▁name ▁system ▁vulner ability ▁that ▁allowed ▁attack ers ▁to ▁send ▁users ▁to ▁mal icious ▁sites ▁and ▁hij ack ▁email . ▁This ▁explo it ▁would ▁allow ▁an ▁attack er ▁to ▁imp erson ate ▁any ▁legit imate ▁website , ▁ste al ▁data , ▁and ▁download ▁mal ware ▁onto ▁a ▁victim ’ s ▁system . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁discovery , ▁K amin sky ▁helped ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁resolution ▁focused ▁on ▁making ▁it ▁harder ▁for ▁mal icious ▁users ▁to ▁perform ▁this ▁server ▁hack . ▁Therefore , ▁while ▁the ▁hack ▁itself ▁was ▁not ▁elimin ated , ▁the ▁instant aneous ▁hack ▁was ▁completely ▁elimin ated . ▁ ▁AT M ▁H ack ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Bar nab y ▁Jack , ▁Director ▁of ▁Security ▁Research ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁demonstrated ▁his ▁ability ▁to ▁rem ot ely ▁re program ▁an ▁AT M ▁over ▁a ▁network ▁to ▁allow ▁him ▁to ▁access ▁c ash ▁in ▁the ▁machine . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁able ▁to ▁access ▁c ash ▁from ▁a ▁T rit on ▁AT M ▁by ▁using ▁a ▁key ▁to ▁open ▁the ▁machine ’ s ▁front ▁panel , ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁discovered ▁that ▁the ▁AT M ▁uses ▁a ▁uniform ▁lock ▁on ▁all ▁of ▁its ▁systems . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Mike ▁Davis , ▁Director ▁of ▁Em bed ded ▁Systems ▁Security ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁and ▁Josh ▁Hamm ond , ▁a ▁Senior ▁Security ▁Cons ult ant ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁demonstrated |
▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁hack ▁one ▁of ▁Die bold ▁N ix dorf ' s ▁popular ▁Op te va ▁AT M s ▁into ▁completely ▁spe wing ▁out ▁its ▁entire ▁st ash ▁of ▁c ash ▁in ▁seconds ▁during ▁IO Active ’ s ▁“ Bre aking ▁Em bed ded ▁Dev ices ” ▁panel ▁at ▁Black ▁Hat ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁security ▁f law ▁near ▁the ▁AT M ' s ▁speak ers ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁section ▁provided ▁an ▁opening ▁for ▁potential ▁hack ers ▁to ▁lo osen ▁and ▁expose ▁a ▁USB ▁port . ▁ ▁Car ▁H ack ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Charlie ▁Miller , ▁a ▁research er ▁at ▁Twitter ▁and ▁Chris ▁Val ase k , ▁Director ▁of ▁Ve h icle ▁Security ▁Research ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁constructed ▁a ▁demo ▁with ▁W ired ▁rep orter ▁Andy ▁Green berg ▁in ▁which ▁Green berg ▁was ▁instruct ed ▁to ▁drive ▁a ▁Je ep ▁Ch ero kee ▁on ▁a ▁highway ▁as ▁Val ase k ▁and ▁Miller ▁hack ed ▁the ▁car ▁from ▁approximately ▁ 1 0 ▁miles ▁away . ▁The ▁two ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁control ▁car ▁functions ▁such ▁as ▁air ▁condition ing , ▁radio , ▁wind sh ield ▁w ip ers , ▁and ▁even ▁the ▁bra kes ▁or ▁engine ▁from ▁a ▁remote ▁computer . ▁This ▁discovery ▁ur ged ▁autom akers ▁to ▁consider ▁autom ot ive ▁security ▁as ▁a ▁legit imate ▁concern ▁as ▁the ▁industry ▁began ▁a ▁shift ▁of ▁turning ▁cars ▁into ▁high - function ing ▁computers ▁and ▁compet ing ▁to ▁install ▁new ▁Internet - connected ▁cell ular ▁services |
▁for ▁entertain ment , ▁navigation , ▁and ▁safety . ▁ ▁S AT COM ▁Security ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Rub en ▁Sant am arta , ▁Princi pal ▁Security ▁Cons ult ant ▁at ▁IO Active , ▁discovered ▁major ▁vulner abilities ▁in ▁satellite ▁communication ▁( S AT COM ) ▁equipment ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁ab used ▁to ▁hij ack ▁and ▁dis rupt ▁communic ations ▁links ▁to ▁air plan es , ▁ships , ▁military ▁operations , ▁and ▁industrial ▁facilities . ▁These ▁design ▁fla ws ▁would ▁allow ▁attack ers ▁to ▁run ▁their ▁own ▁code , ▁install ▁mal icious ▁firm ware , ▁cut ▁off ▁communic ations , ▁or ▁even ▁spo of ▁messages ▁to ▁the ▁vessel . ▁The ▁discovery ▁exposed ▁vulner abilities ▁in ▁the ▁equipment ▁from ▁six ▁major ▁companies . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Comput er ▁security ▁companies <0x0A> </s> ▁Film ▁Festival ▁of ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁( FF FI ) ▁is ▁a ▁student ▁film ▁festival ▁held ▁ann ually ▁in ▁May ▁at ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁of ▁the ▁Mas ary k ▁University ▁in ▁Br no , ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁Short ▁films ▁of ▁various ▁gen res ▁produced ▁by ▁students ▁with ▁an ▁assistance ▁of ▁Labor atory ▁of ▁Electron ic ▁and ▁Mult imedia ▁Application ▁( LE M MA ) ▁are ▁show c ased ▁during ▁one ▁festival ▁evening . ▁The ▁festival ▁is ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁building ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁and ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁University ▁Cinema ▁Scala . ▁Each ▁year ▁ 8 0 0 – |
1 0 0 0 ▁visitors ▁attend ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁new ▁student ▁projects . ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁festival ▁was ▁super vised ▁by ▁the ▁de an ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics , ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁by ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁Br no ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁▁ ▁A ▁short ▁films ▁no ▁longer ▁than ▁eight ▁minutes ▁can ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁festival . ▁The ▁films ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁by ▁students ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁three ▁years . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁films ▁are ▁made ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁academic ▁year , ▁in ▁the ▁courses ▁Z ák l ady ▁film ové ▁ ře či ▁( Bas ics ▁of ▁film ▁disc ourse ) ▁and ▁Produ k ce ▁audi ov iz u ál ního ▁dí la ▁( Produ ction ▁of ▁audi ovis ual ▁arte fact s ) ▁lect ured ▁by ▁Pet r ▁So j ka , ▁Robert ▁Kr ál ▁and ▁Rad ovan ▁H ak l . ▁In ▁these ▁courses ▁students ▁learn ▁basic ▁film making ▁knowledge , ▁starting ▁with ▁ideas ▁and ▁story ▁for ▁the ▁film , ▁creating ▁screen plays , ▁film ing , ▁production ▁and ▁post production . ▁Stud ents ▁also ▁handle ▁acting , ▁sounds , ▁cost umes ▁and ▁make up ▁by ▁themselves . ▁ ▁Every ▁year ▁about ▁twenty ▁films ▁are ▁presented . ▁The ▁best ▁of ▁them ▁are ▁awarded ▁in ▁two ▁categories : ▁Professional ▁j ury ' s ▁choice ▁and ▁Vis itor ' s ▁choice ▁awards . ▁The ▁w inners ▁are ▁awarded ▁the ▁Film ob ol os ▁tro phy |
▁and ▁win ▁pri zes ▁from ▁spons ors ▁of ▁the ▁festival . ▁ ▁The ▁festival ▁is ▁organized ▁by ▁students ▁themselves . ▁Every ▁year ▁a ▁new ▁mot to ▁and ▁visual ▁style ▁is ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁post ers , ▁pam ph lets ▁and ▁DVD s . ▁Stud ents ▁have ▁to ▁raise ▁money ▁from ▁various ▁spons ors , ▁they ▁handle ▁public ▁relations , ▁create ▁a ▁tra iler ▁and ▁propag ation ▁materials , ▁and ▁take ▁care ▁of ▁the ▁official ▁website ▁and ▁social ▁media . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁film ▁festival ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁was ▁motiv ated ▁by ▁the ▁fac ulty ' s ▁new ▁possibility ▁of ▁digital ▁video ▁processing ▁and ▁students ' ▁interest ▁in ▁making ▁their ▁own ▁films . ▁ ▁The ▁fourth ▁year ▁of ▁festival ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁was ▁promoted ▁and ▁spons ored ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁The ▁beginning ▁of ▁festival ▁was ▁connected ▁with ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁ 1 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁DVD . ▁ ▁The ▁fifth ▁year ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁was ▁attended ▁by ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 0 ▁visitors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁the ▁festival ▁offered ▁various ▁film ▁gen res ▁such ▁as ▁document ary ▁films , ▁sci - fi , ▁thr iller ▁and ▁comedy . ▁The ▁absolute ▁winner ▁was ▁Rel ace ▁( B road cast ), ▁a ▁film ▁by ▁Stanis lav ▁H rab í . ▁ ▁Year ▁after , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁a ▁film ▁called |
▁K raj ina ▁za ▁du hou ▁( The ▁Land ▁Over ▁the ▁Rain bow ) ▁by ▁L uk áš ▁Hor á č ek ▁was ▁chosen ▁as ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁Vis itor ' s ▁choice ▁award . ▁The ▁J ury ▁chose ▁a ▁rom antic ▁film ▁Ne zn ám ý ▁( Str anger ) ▁by ▁Mart ina ▁Mi č ovi č ová ▁and ▁Mich al ▁O ra vec ▁as ▁the ▁best . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁festival ▁took ▁place ▁during ▁Dies ▁Academ icus , ▁in ▁the ▁light ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University ' s ▁anni versary . ▁Act ors ▁from ▁J AM U ▁also ▁took ▁part ▁this ▁year ▁and ▁thus ▁co operation ▁with ▁other ▁fac ult ies ▁had ▁begun . ▁ ▁The ▁winner ▁of ▁ 9 th ▁year ▁was ▁Martin ▁K ac vin ský ▁with ▁his ▁film ▁Vir ▁C RT - 2 1 1 6 ▁a ▁jeho ▁př emo ž itel ▁( CR T - 2 1 1 6 ▁Vir us ▁and ▁His ▁De fe ater ). ▁In ▁the ▁bonus ▁section , ▁lect urer ▁Robert ▁Kr ál ▁introduced ▁his ▁film ▁D op rd eles vě ta ! ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁year ▁the ▁festival ▁was ▁visited ▁by ▁over ▁ 7 0 0 ▁people . ▁The ▁first ▁prize ▁was ▁awarded ▁to ▁a ▁comedy ▁by ▁Mich a ela ▁Mi ov ská ▁and ▁Martin ▁B ake š ▁named ▁Neb y lo ▁ne by lo ▁– ▁Jak ▁by ▁asi ▁v yp ad aly ▁po h ád ky , ▁kdy by ▁zm iz |
eli ▁k lad ní ▁h rd in ové ▁( Not ▁Once ▁Upon ▁a ▁Time ▁– ▁How ▁Would ▁It ▁Look ▁Like ▁If ▁There ▁W ere ▁No ▁Hero es ). ▁The ▁j ury ▁chose ▁stop - m otion ▁film ▁( L ) ego ist ▁by ▁Mi ros lav ▁Kol á rik ▁as ▁their ▁film ▁of ▁choice . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁films ▁were ▁presented ▁with ▁English ▁subt it les ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁The ▁w inners ▁were ▁Mr k vi čka ▁( A ▁Car rot ) ▁— ▁an ▁animation ▁by ▁Ji ří ▁Star ý , ▁and ▁a ▁stop - m otion ▁film ▁Don ' t ▁St ay ▁Out side ▁by ▁Tom áš ▁K ně ž ek . ▁▁ ▁Mot to ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁festival ▁was ▁Film ▁má me ▁v ▁kr vi ▁( Fil m ▁Is ▁in ▁Our ▁Blood ). ▁This ▁year ' s ▁winner ▁was ▁R ade k ▁G om ola ▁with ▁his ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁R PG - st yl ized ▁stop - m otion ▁film ▁Ep ic ▁Qu est ▁I . ▁The ▁j ury ▁chose ▁fake ▁Wikipedia ▁document ary ▁Le ž . org ▁( L ie . org ) ▁by ▁Rad im ▁U rb áš ek ▁and ▁Tom áš ▁H ů se k ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁one . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 3 th ▁festival ▁was ▁st yl ized ▁in ▁the ▁like ▁of ▁Hollywood ▁block b ust ers . ▁Black ▁( b rown ) ▁comedy ▁Sh it ▁H app ened ▁by ▁Jan ▁K |
util ▁won ▁the ▁Vis itor ' s ▁choice ▁award . ▁J ana , ▁a ▁document ary ▁drama ▁based ▁on ▁real ▁events ▁which ▁happened ▁during ▁the ▁Prag ue ▁Spring , ▁by ▁Z de ň ka ▁Sit ová ▁was ▁awarded ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award . ▁▁ ▁... a ▁př e ce ▁se ▁to č í ! ▁( ... and ▁yet ▁it ' s ▁being ▁shot !) ▁was ▁the ▁mot to ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁festival ▁held ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁during ▁the ▁ 9 5 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University . ▁This ▁year ▁both ▁awards ▁went ▁to ▁Jan ▁P ater ▁and ▁his ▁comedy ▁V ý j im ka ▁v ▁přek lad u ▁( Exception ▁in ▁the ▁Trans lation ), ▁which ▁made ▁fun ▁of ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁Slov ak ▁students ▁in ▁Czech ▁colleg es , ▁mainly ▁in ▁Br no . ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 1 5 th ▁festival ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁This ▁year ' s ▁mot to ▁was ▁St ř ih ! ▁( C ut !) ▁as ▁a ▁hom age ▁to ▁all ▁film ▁edit ors . ▁Modern ▁inter pr ation ▁of ▁a ▁classic ▁Greek ▁myth ▁P yg mal ion , ▁a ▁comedy ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁directed ▁by ▁Tom áš ▁Sch mid l , ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award . ▁The ▁visitor ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁went ▁to ▁Sh it man : ▁A ▁New ▁Hero ▁Is ▁Born ▁— |
▁a ▁par ody ▁of ▁Hollywood ▁block b uster ▁tra ilers , ▁directed ▁by ▁Samuel ▁B ri š k ár . ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 1 6 th ▁festival ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁ever , ▁the ▁screen ings ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁and ▁simultaneously ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁cinema ▁Scala ▁in ▁Br no . ▁The ▁mot to ▁was ▁slightly ▁provoc ational , ▁asking ▁people ▁whether ▁they ▁would ▁want ▁to ▁experience ▁the ▁films ▁themselves ▁— ▁Ch ce š ▁to ▁tak y ? ▁( Do ▁you ▁want ▁it ▁too ? ). ▁The ▁visitor ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁went ▁to ▁V ys ně ná ▁Dom ác nost ▁( D ream ed ▁House hold ) ▁— ▁a ▁comedy ▁by ▁M . ▁Hum aj . ▁The ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁c ute _ c ats . avi , ▁an ▁experimental ▁piece ▁by ▁J . ▁Sz la uer ▁and ▁J . ▁Š pi ří k . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁festival ▁- ▁the ▁second ▁one , ▁which ▁was ▁screen ed ▁at ▁both ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁and ▁University ▁cinema ▁Scala , ▁took ▁place . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁people ▁att ending ▁this ▁year ▁was ▁spec ulated ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁highest ▁among ▁festiv als ▁so ▁far ▁, ▁as ▁people ▁came ▁to ▁" Move ▁the ▁Picture " ▁( this ▁year ' s ▁mot to |
). ▁The ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁visitor ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁was ▁G in , ▁a ▁short ▁philosoph ically - com edic ▁sketch ▁by ▁Fr anti š ek ▁K ova ří k . ▁The ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁went ▁to ▁Co ▁se ▁d ě lo ▁ve ▁š k ole ? ▁( What ▁happened ▁in ▁school ? ), ▁a ▁multi - gen red ▁sketch ▁directed ▁by ▁L ý die ▁Pale č k ová . ▁▁ 1 8 th ▁festival ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 8 th ▁May , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Like ▁every ▁year , ▁there ▁were ▁screen ing ▁of ▁short ▁films ▁from ▁students ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁gradu ates . ▁The ▁festival ▁screen ing ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁two ▁locations ▁simultaneously ▁- ▁at ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics ▁and ▁University ▁cinema ▁Scala . ▁The ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁visitor ' s ▁price ▁was ▁P avel ▁Č ade k ' s ▁" N el aj k la ▁mi ▁status " ▁and ▁the ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁won ▁film ▁" Š el ma ". ▁▁▁ 1 9 th ▁FF FI M U ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 9 . 5 . 2 0 1 9 ▁and ▁its ▁mot to ▁was ▁" Fil m ▁nebo ▁N IC " ▁( Fil m ▁or ▁NOT H ING ). ▁Films ▁were ▁screen ed ▁at ▁two ▁locations , ▁University ▁cinema ▁Scala ▁and ▁at ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁In format ics . ▁This ▁year ▁festival ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁program ▁of ▁M UN |
IF E ST O ▁festival , ▁which ▁celebrated ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁found ing ▁M U . ▁This ▁integration ▁put ▁a ▁requirement ▁on ▁the ▁films ▁to ▁contain ▁some ▁link ▁to ▁Mas ary k ▁University . ▁The ▁visitor ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁went ▁to ▁" J ed ni č ky ▁a ▁n uly " ▁by ▁director ▁Mat ě j ▁Š kop . ▁The ▁J ury ' s ▁choice ▁award ▁won ▁film ▁" B a D um T ss " ▁by ▁direct ors ▁J . ▁Gal anda , ▁Š . ▁Ma č ej ov ský ▁and ▁P . ▁Sm ol nick ý . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁festival ' s ▁history , ▁Professional ▁category ▁was ▁introduced . ▁W inner ▁of ▁this ▁category ▁is ▁" M ám ▁Up ů v ▁synd rom " ▁by ▁direct ors ▁P avel ▁Č ade k ▁and ▁J . ▁V rb k ová . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Film ový ▁festival ▁F ak ulty ▁inform at ik y ▁ ▁P ře h led ▁min ul ých ▁ro č ník ů ▁na ▁web u ▁LE M MA ▁ ▁Category : M as ary k ▁University ▁Category : Fil m ▁festiv als ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁Category : Short ▁film ▁festiv als ▁Category : Spring ▁( season ) ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic <0x0A> </s> ▁Elizabeth ▁( B ett ie ) ▁St ick ler ▁F ruits ▁Cad ou ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁New ▁Years ▁Day ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁in ▁B ain bridge , ▁Indiana |
. ▁ ▁Although ▁she ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁rep orter ▁to ▁be ▁given ▁a ▁silver ▁cred ential ▁bad ge ▁that ▁perm its ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁pit ▁and ▁gar age ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁world - f am ous ▁rac et rack , ▁the ▁Indian apolis ▁ 5 0 0 , ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁Cad ou ▁is ▁equally ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁investig ative ▁reporting ▁around ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Indiana , ▁covering ▁the ▁Indiana ▁General ▁Assembly , ▁the ▁Indian apolis ▁Col ts , ▁and ▁national ▁profiles ▁of ▁race ▁car ▁drivers . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁elected ▁into ▁the ▁Indiana ▁Journal ism ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁journal ism ▁scholar ship ▁in ▁her ▁name ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Journal ism ▁at ▁Indiana ▁University ▁– ▁Pur due ▁University ▁Indian apolis . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Cad ou ' s ▁mother ▁was ▁an ▁amateur ▁poet , ▁artist ▁and ▁classical ▁pian ist ▁who ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁tele phone ▁operator ; ▁her ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁police ▁officer . ▁ ▁Cad ou ▁moved ▁with ▁her ▁mother ▁and ▁sib lings ▁several ▁times ▁as ▁she ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁C raw ford sv ille ▁area . ▁She ▁attended ▁Indiana ▁University ▁Blo om ington ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁b ach elor ▁of ▁arts ▁in ▁English . ▁ ▁Career ▁Cad ou ▁worked ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁Indian apolis ▁publications , ▁including ▁the ▁Indian apolis ▁News , ▁the ▁Hamm ond ▁Times , ▁and ▁Indian apolis ▁Month ly . ▁Her ▁by line |
▁appeared ▁frequently ▁in ▁many ▁national ▁publications , ▁including ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated , ▁and ▁count less ▁racing ▁publications . ▁ ▁She ▁taught ▁at ▁journal ism ▁at ▁both ▁Indiana ▁University ▁– ▁Pur due ▁University ▁Indian apolis ▁and ▁Butler ▁University . ▁On ▁both ▁camp uses , ▁B ett ie ' s ▁popular ity ▁among ▁students ▁– ▁whom ▁she ▁called ▁her ▁“ ch ick ade es ” ▁– ▁was ▁legend ary . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁between ▁her ▁beg inn ings ▁in ▁B ain bridge ▁and ▁her ▁Butler ▁and ▁I UP UI ▁years , ▁Cad ou ▁became ▁the ▁mother ▁of ▁two ▁daughters ▁and ▁a ▁son : ▁K itt y , ▁Laura , ▁and ▁Had ley . ▁ ▁Hon ors ▁and ▁awards ▁ ▁C AS PAR ▁Award ▁ ▁Organ izations ▁ ▁American ▁Auto ▁Racing ▁Writ ers ▁and ▁Broad c aster s ▁Association ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Indiana ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁non - f iction ▁writers ▁Category : J ournal ists ▁from ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁Just as ▁is ▁a ▁Lith uan ian ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁name . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁name ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Just as ▁Pale ck is ▁( 1 8 9 9 – 1 9 8 0 ), ▁Lith uan ian ▁journalist ▁and ▁politician ▁ ▁Just as ▁V inc as ▁Pale ck is ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 2 ), ▁Lith uan ian ▁ex - |
comm un ist ▁and ▁politician , ▁diplom at ▁ ▁Just as ▁Sin ica ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 5 ), ▁Lith uan ian ▁basketball ▁player ▁ ▁Just as ▁Tam ul is ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 4 ), ▁Lith uan ian ▁basketball ▁player ▁ ▁Just as ▁Kas ma ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 2 ), ▁Lith uan ian ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Las ▁Just as , ▁an ▁inter col leg iate ▁sports ▁event ▁held ▁year ly ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁ ▁Just a ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Category : M as cul ine ▁given ▁names ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁names <0x0A> </s> ▁Susan ▁Francis ▁Kle bold ▁( née ▁Y assen off ; ▁born ▁March ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁activ ist . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁mother ▁of ▁D yl an ▁Kle bold , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁perpet rat ors ▁of ▁the ▁Columb ine ▁High ▁School ▁mass acre ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁D yl an , ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁friend ▁Eric ▁Harris , ▁murder ed ▁ 1 2 ▁students ▁and ▁one ▁teacher , ▁injured ▁ 2 4 ▁others ▁and ▁then ▁killed ▁themselves . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁A ▁Mother ' s ▁Re ck oning , ▁a ▁book ▁about ▁the ▁Columb ine ▁High ▁School ▁mass acre . ▁ ▁Kle bold ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁assistance ▁services ▁for ▁the ▁disabled ▁for ▁many ▁years |
. ▁She ▁is ▁now ▁involved ▁in ▁suic ide ▁prevent ion ▁and ▁the ▁care ▁for ▁brain ▁dise ases . ▁ ▁Kle bold ▁has ▁committed ▁to ▁don ating ▁any ▁prof its ▁from ▁the ▁book ▁to ▁mental ▁health ▁char ities , ▁research , ▁and ▁suic ide ▁prevent ion , ▁hoping ▁for ▁solutions ▁that ▁will ▁help ▁parents ▁and ▁profession als ▁detect ▁and ▁treat ▁signs ▁of ▁trouble . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁document ary ▁film , ▁American ▁T rag edy : ▁Love ▁is ▁Not ▁En ough , ▁profiles ▁Kle bold ' s ▁journey ▁from ▁dealing ▁with ▁her ▁son ' s ▁actions ▁to ▁becoming ▁a ▁mental ▁health ▁advoc ate . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁mem oir ists ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Jewish ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁women ▁non - f iction ▁writers ▁Category : W omen ▁mem oir ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Little ton , ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁W ład ys ław ▁I ▁H erman ▁( ▁ 1 0 4 4 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁June ▁ 1 1 0 2 ) ▁was ▁the ▁du ke ▁of ▁Poland ▁from ▁ 1 0 7 9 ▁until ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁Acc ession ▁W ład ys ław ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁du ke ▁Cas imir ▁the ▁Rest orer ▁and ▁Maria ▁Dob ron ie ga ▁of ▁K iev . ▁As ▁the ▁second ▁son , ▁W ład ys ław ▁was ▁not ▁dest ined ▁for ▁the ▁throne . ▁However , ▁due |
▁to ▁the ▁flight ▁from ▁Poland ▁of ▁his ▁older ▁brother ▁B oles ław ▁the ▁B old ▁in ▁ 1 0 7 9 , ▁he ▁became ▁du ke ▁of ▁Poland . ▁Op in ions ▁vary ▁on ▁whether ▁W ład ys ław ▁played ▁an ▁active ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁plot ▁to ▁dep ose ▁his ▁brother ▁or ▁whether ▁he ▁was ▁handed ▁the ▁authority ▁simply ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁best ▁candidate ▁to ▁replace ▁B oles ław . ▁ ▁German ▁relations ▁In ▁ 1 0 8 0 , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁relations ▁between ▁Poland ▁and ▁Boh emia , ▁W ład ys ław ▁married ▁Jud ith , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Duke ▁V rat is laus ▁II ▁of ▁Boh emia , ▁a ▁v ass al ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁After ▁this , ▁the ▁foreign ▁policy ▁of ▁W ład ys ław ▁grav itated ▁strongly ▁towards ▁appe as ement ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁and ▁he ▁accepted ▁over l ord ship ▁of ▁Emperor ▁Henry ▁IV . ▁While ▁V rat is laus ▁was ▁declared ▁a ▁king ▁in ▁ 1 0 8 5 ▁by ▁Emperor ▁Henry , ▁W ład ys ław ▁never ▁purs ued ▁king ship . ▁So on ▁after , ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁by ▁the ▁bar ons ▁of ▁Poland ▁to ▁recall ▁from ▁ex ile ▁in ▁Hung ary ▁his ▁nep hew ▁M iesz ko ▁B oles ław ow ic . ▁M iesz ko ▁accepted ▁the ▁over l ord ship ▁of ▁his ▁uncle ▁and ▁gave ▁up ▁his ▁claim ▁to ▁Poland ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁becoming ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁succession . ▁W ład |
ys ław ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁his ▁nep hew , ▁because ▁his ▁el dest ▁and ▁only ▁son ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁Z b ign iew , ▁was ▁born ▁from ▁a ▁union ▁not ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁church . ▁W ład ys ław ' s ▁relations ▁with ▁Henry ▁consider ably ▁improved ▁after ▁Jud ith ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁died ▁and ▁W ład ys ław ▁married ▁Henry ' s ▁sister ▁Jud ith , ▁dow ager ▁queen ▁of ▁Hung ary , ▁in ▁ 1 0 8 9 . ▁ ▁W ład ys ław ▁abandoned ▁the ▁al liance ▁with ▁Hung ary ▁fav ored ▁by ▁his ▁de posed ▁brother , ▁and ▁joined ▁the ▁anti - p ap al ▁camp . ▁Also , ▁he ▁res umed ▁pay ing ▁t ribute ▁for ▁S iles ia ▁to ▁Boh emia . ▁In ▁addition ▁Krak ów ▁and ▁C iesz yn ▁were ▁c eded ▁to ▁Boh emia , ▁Lub usz ▁Land ▁was ▁lost ▁to ▁Germany ▁while ▁Prz emy ś l ▁Land ▁in ▁the ▁east ▁was ▁lost ▁to ▁Hal ych - R uth enia . ▁W ład ys ław ▁did ▁make ▁attempts ▁to ▁reg ain ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁P omer ania , ▁and ▁through ▁numerous ▁exped itions ▁was ▁tempor arily ▁( 1 0 9 0 – 1 0 9 1 ) ▁able ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁difficulties ▁Although ▁W ład ys ław ▁was ▁formally ▁du ke ▁of ▁Poland , ▁in ▁reality ▁the ▁bar ons ▁who ▁ban ished ▁his ▁brother ▁used ▁this ▁victory ▁to ▁strength en ▁their ▁position . ▁It ▁is ▁not |
▁surprising ▁therefore , ▁that ▁within ▁a ▁short ▁time ▁W ład ys ław ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁his ▁count ▁pal at ine ▁( Pol ish : ▁wojew oda ), ▁a ▁no blem an ▁named ▁Sie cie ch . ▁Sie cie ch ' s ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁real m ▁was ▁neg atively ▁perce ived ▁by ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁bar ons ▁who ▁were ▁not ▁the ▁benef ici aries ▁of ▁the ▁power ▁shift . ▁ ▁The ▁birth ▁of ▁B oles ław ▁W ry mouth ▁to ▁W ład ys ław ▁and ▁Jud ith ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁changed ▁the ▁political ▁situation ▁in ▁Poland . ▁W ład ys ław ' s ▁nep hew ▁M iesz ko ▁was ▁already ▁sevent een ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁and ▁was , ▁by ▁the ▁previous ▁agreement ▁made ▁after ▁his ▁return , ▁the ▁first ▁in ▁line ▁to ▁succeed . ▁In ▁ 1 0 8 9 ▁M iesz ko ▁died ▁under ▁myster ious ▁circumstances , ▁probably ▁poison ed ▁on ▁the ▁orders ▁of ▁Sie cie ch ▁and ▁Jud ith ▁of ▁Sw ab ia . ▁Al most ▁immediately , ▁Z b ign iew ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁Germany ▁and ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁Qu ed lin burg ▁Ab bey . ▁With ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁forcing ▁his ▁first - born ▁son ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁holy ▁v ows , ▁W ład ys ław ▁intended ▁to ▁dep rive ▁him ▁of ▁any ▁chance ▁of ▁succession . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 0 9 0 ▁Sie cie ch , ▁with ▁help ▁of ▁Polish ▁forces ▁under ▁his ▁command , ▁managed ▁to ▁gain ▁control ▁of ▁G |
da ń sk ▁P omer ania , ▁al beit ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁time . ▁Major ▁towns ▁were ▁g arrison ed ▁by ▁Polish ▁troops , ▁the ▁rest ▁were ▁burn ed , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁th wart ▁any ▁future ▁resistance . ▁Several ▁months ▁later , ▁however , ▁a ▁re bell ion ▁of ▁native ▁el ites ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁region ’ s ▁independence ▁from ▁Poland . ▁ ▁Sie cie ch ' s ▁ty ran n ical ▁rule ▁reflected ▁neg atively ▁on ▁W ład ys ław , ▁causing ▁a ▁massive ▁political ▁migration ▁out ▁of ▁Poland . ▁In ▁ 1 0 9 3 ▁S iles ia ▁re bel led , ▁and ▁the ▁comes ▁Magn us ▁with ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁the ▁Boh em ian ▁and ▁Polish ▁kn ights ▁wel com ed ▁Z b ign iew ▁after ▁he ▁escaped ▁from ▁Germany ; ▁however , ▁soon ▁Sie cie ch ▁captured ▁the ▁prince ▁and ▁imprison ed ▁him . ▁The ▁increasing ▁diss atisf action ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁forced ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Z b ign iew ▁in ▁ 1 0 9 7 . ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁this ▁W ład ys ław ▁( after ▁an ▁un success fully ▁ret ali atory ▁expedition ▁against ▁S iles ia ▁and ▁forced ▁to ▁recognize ▁Z b ign iew ▁as ▁the ▁legit imate ▁he ir ) ▁appointed ▁his ▁sons ▁as ▁command ers ▁of ▁the ▁army ▁which ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁re capt ure ▁G da ń sk ▁P omer ania . ▁ ▁Sim ult ane ously ▁a ▁great ▁migration ▁of ▁Jews ▁from ▁Western ▁Europe |
▁to ▁Poland ▁began ▁circa ▁ 1 0 9 6 , ▁around ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Cr us ade . ▁W ład ys ław , ▁a ▁toler ant ▁r uler , ▁attract ed ▁the ▁Jews ▁into ▁his ▁domains , ▁and ▁permitted ▁to ▁sett le ▁throughout ▁the ▁entire ▁country ▁without ▁restriction . ▁ ▁So on ▁Z b ign iew ▁and ▁B oles ław ▁decided ▁to ▁join ▁forces ▁and ▁demanded ▁that ▁the ▁reign s ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁should ▁be ▁handed ▁over ▁to ▁them . ▁W ład ys ław ▁agreed ▁to ▁divide ▁the ▁real m ▁between ▁the ▁brothers , ▁each ▁to ▁be ▁granted ▁his ▁own ▁province ▁while ▁he ▁himself ▁kept ▁control ▁of ▁Maz ov ia ▁and ▁its ▁capital ▁at ▁P ł ock . ▁W ład ys ław ▁also ▁retained ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁cities ▁i . e . ▁W roc ław , ▁Krak ów ▁and ▁S andom ierz . ▁Z b ign iew ’ s ▁province ▁en comp ass ed ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁including ▁G nie z no , ▁K uy avia , ▁Ł ę czy ca ▁and ▁S ier ad z . ▁B oles ław ’ s ▁territory ▁included ▁L esser ▁Poland , ▁S iles ia ▁and ▁Lub usz ▁Land . ▁However , ▁Sie cie ch , ▁al ar med ▁by ▁the ▁evident ▁dimin ution ▁of ▁his ▁power , ▁began ▁to ▁intr igue ▁against ▁the ▁brothers . ▁W ład ys ław ▁decided ▁to ▁support ▁him ▁against ▁his ▁own ▁sons . ▁De fe ated , ▁in ▁ 1 1 0 1 ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁med |
iation ▁of ▁the ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁G nie z no ▁Martin , ▁the ▁Duke ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁conf isc ate ▁Sie cie ch ' s ▁properties ▁and ▁ex iled ▁him . ▁ ▁E re ction ▁of ▁churches ▁ ▁W ład ys ław ▁founded ▁several ▁churches ▁in ▁Poland . ▁Most ▁not ably ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Roman es que ▁W aw el ▁C athedral ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁Silver ▁B ells ▁Tower ▁still ▁remains ▁standing . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁very ▁fond ▁of ▁Saint ▁G iles ▁( Pol ish : ▁Id zi ) ▁to ▁whom ▁he ▁founded ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁three ▁churches : ▁in ▁Krak ów , ▁In ow l od z ▁and ▁G ieb ult ow . ▁This ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁while ▁his ▁first ▁wife ▁was ▁finally ▁pre gn ant ▁after ▁six ▁years ▁of ▁child less ▁marriage , ▁the ▁Duke ▁sent ▁rich ▁g ifts ▁to ▁the ▁Bened ict ine ▁monaster y ▁of ▁Saint ▁G illes ▁in ▁southern ▁France , ▁begg ing ▁for ▁a ▁health y ▁child . ▁When ▁a ▁son ▁was ▁born , ▁W lad ys law ▁began ▁building ▁churches ▁in ▁his ▁honor . ▁According ▁to ▁legend , ▁he ▁also ▁founded ▁a ▁church ▁" on ▁the ▁sand " ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁Virgin ▁Mary , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁granted ▁to ▁the ▁Car mel ites . ▁ ▁Health ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Gall us ▁An onym us , ▁W ład ys ław ▁long ▁suffered ▁from ▁a ▁deb il it ating ▁a il ment ▁that ▁affected ▁his ▁legs . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁legend |
▁which ▁states ▁that ▁in ▁ 1 0 8 6 ▁W ład ys ław ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁a ▁terrible ▁po x , ▁with ▁abs cess es ▁that ▁affected ▁his ▁nose ▁and ▁face . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁legend ▁Holy ▁Virgin ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁du ke ' s ▁dream ▁and ▁led ▁him ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁c ure ▁in ▁the ▁sand y ▁area ▁outside ▁the ▁city . ▁Once ▁he aled ▁W ład ys ław ▁founded ▁a ▁Church ▁of ▁Hol iest ▁Virgin ▁Mary ▁" on ▁the ▁sand " ▁in ▁the ▁spot ▁where ▁he ▁found ▁the ▁c ure . ▁ ▁W ład ys ław ▁died ▁on ▁ 4 ▁June ▁ 1 1 0 2 , ▁without ▁resol ving ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁succession , ▁leaving ▁his ▁sons ▁to ▁struggle ▁for ▁supre m acy . ▁His ▁body ▁was ▁intern ed ▁in ▁the ▁P ł ock ▁C athedral . ▁ ▁Mar ri ages ▁and ▁issue ▁Before ▁W ład ys ław ▁became ▁du ke ▁of ▁Poland , ▁probably ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 0 7 0 s , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁a ▁woman ▁named ▁Prz ec ław a , ▁whose ▁exact ▁orig ins ▁are ▁unknown , ▁although ▁some ▁sources ▁stated ▁that ▁she ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁P raw dz ic ▁cl an . ▁Her ▁status ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁dispute ▁among ▁the ▁histor ians : ▁some ▁believed ▁that ▁she ▁only ▁was ▁W ład ys ław ' s ▁mist ress ▁and ▁others ▁assert ed ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁his ▁wife , ▁but ▁this ▁union ▁was ▁performed ▁under ▁pag an ▁rit uals ▁and ▁in ▁consequence |
▁not ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁Church ▁as ▁a ▁valid ▁marriage . ▁By ▁ 1 0 8 0 , ▁one ▁year ▁after ▁W ład ys ław ▁asc ended ▁to ▁the ▁Polish ▁throne , ▁Prz ec ław a ▁either ▁died ▁or ▁was ▁sent ▁away ; ▁it ▁is ▁believed ▁by ▁some ▁sources ▁that ▁after ▁she ▁was ▁dismiss ed ▁by ▁W ład ys ław , ▁Prz ec ław a ▁took ▁the ▁ve il ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Christ ina ▁() ▁and ▁died ▁around ▁ 1 0 9 2 . ▁This ▁union ▁produced ▁a ▁son , ▁Z b ign iew ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 0 7 0 / 7 3 ▁– ▁d . ▁c . ▁ 1 1 1 2 / 1 4 ), ▁who ▁was ▁considered ▁il leg it imate . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 0 8 0 , ▁W ład ys ław ▁married ▁Jud ith ▁( ▁ 1 0 5 6 ▁– ▁ 1 0 8 6 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁V rat is laus ▁II ▁of ▁Boh emia . ▁They ▁had ▁a ▁son , ▁B oles ław ▁W ry mouth ▁( 1 0 8 6 ▁– ▁ 1 1 3 8 ). ▁In ▁ 1 0 8 9 ▁W ład ys ław ▁married ▁Jud ith ▁( 1 0 5 4 ▁– ▁ 1 1 0 5 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁Emperor ▁Henry ▁III ▁and ▁wid ow ▁of ▁King ▁Sol omon ▁of ▁Hung ary . ▁Their ▁daughters ▁were : ▁Soph ia ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 0 8 9 ▁– ▁d . ▁bef . ▁ |
1 2 ▁May ▁ 1 1 1 2 ), ▁married ▁before ▁ 1 1 0 8 ▁to ▁Y ar oslav ▁S vi at opol kov ich , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Vol h yn ia , ▁son ▁of ▁S vi at opol k ▁II ▁of ▁K iev . ▁Ag nes ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 0 9 0 ▁– ▁d . ▁ 2 9 ▁December ▁ 1 1 2 7 ), ▁abb ess ▁of ▁Qu ed lin burg ▁( 1 1 1 0 ) ▁and ▁Gand ers heim ▁( 1 1 1 1 ). ▁possibly ▁Ad ela ide ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 0 9 1 ▁– ▁d . ▁ 2 5 / 2 6 ▁March ▁ 1 1 2 7 ), ▁married ▁before ▁ 1 1 1 8 ▁to ▁Mar gra ve ▁Die p old ▁III ▁of ▁V oh burg ▁A ▁daughter ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 0 9 2 ▁– ▁d . ▁bef . ▁ 1 1 1 1 ), ▁married ▁c . ▁ 1 1 1 1 ▁with ▁a ▁Polish ▁lord . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁History ▁of ▁Poland ▁( 9 6 6 – 1 3 8 5 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 0 4 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 1 0 2 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 1 th - century ▁Polish ▁monarch s ▁Category : 1 2 th - century ▁Polish ▁monarch s ▁Category : Pi ast ▁dynast y ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁P ł ock ▁C athedral |
▁Category : 1 1 th - century ▁r ul ers ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁By z antine ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁University ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁Turkish ▁state ▁university ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁higher ▁education ▁of ▁fine ▁arts . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁F ı nd ı kl ı ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁Bey o ğ lu , ▁ İ stan bul , ▁Turkey . ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ İ stan bul ▁and ▁An k ara ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁unit ▁of ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁University . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁institution ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁as ▁the ▁" Sch ool ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts " ▁(" San ay i - i ▁N ef ise ▁M ek te b - i ▁ Â l isi , ▁formally ▁M ek te b - i ▁San ay i - i ▁N ef ise - i ▁ Ş â h â ne ▁or ▁simply ▁" San ay i - i ▁N ef ise ▁M ek te bi ") ▁by ▁the ▁ren owned ▁Turkish ▁painter , ▁art ▁historian , ▁arch ae ologist , ▁and ▁museum ▁cur ator , ▁Os man ▁Ham di ▁Bey . ▁ ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁University ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁educational ▁institution ▁in ▁fine ▁arts ▁and ▁architecture ▁in ▁Turkey . ▁It ▁opened ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁with ▁eight ▁instruct ors ▁and ▁ 2 0 |
▁students . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁the ▁school ▁became ▁co - ed uc ational . ▁It ▁was ▁converted ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁from ▁a ▁school ▁to ▁an ▁a cademy , ▁the ▁first ▁in ▁Turkey ▁- ▁and ▁its ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁" State ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts " ▁( Dev let ▁Gü zel ▁San at lar ▁Akadem isi ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁renamed ▁again , ▁to ▁" I stan bul ▁State ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts " ▁( İ stan bul ▁Dev let ▁Gü zel ▁San at lar ▁Akadem isi ▁abbre vi ated ▁ İ D G SA ). ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁its ▁status ▁was ▁again ▁changed , ▁and ▁the ▁a cademy ▁became ▁" M imar ▁Sin an ▁University " ▁( M imar ▁Sin an ▁Ü ni vers ites i ) ▁after ▁the ▁great ▁Ott oman ▁architect ▁M imar ▁Sin an . ▁Finally , ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁" M imar ▁Sin an ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁University ". ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁the ▁institution ▁has ▁been ▁providing ▁four - year ▁educational ▁programs . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁units ▁▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁natural ▁sciences ▁and ▁literature ▁( ar che ology , ▁ped ag ogy , ▁physics , ▁statistics , ▁mathematics , ▁history ▁of ▁art , ▁soci ology , ▁history , ▁Turkish ▁phil ology ▁and ▁literature ) ▁ ▁Fac ulty |
▁of ▁fine ▁arts ▁( ph ot ography , ▁traditional ▁Turkish ▁hand ic raft s , ▁graph ic ▁design , ▁sculpt ure , ▁painting , ▁stage ▁design ▁and ▁stage ▁clothes , ▁cer am ics ▁art ▁and ▁glass ▁art , ▁cinema ▁and ▁TV , ▁text ile ▁design ▁and ▁fashion ▁design , ▁book binding , ▁tile work ▁rest oration , ▁call ig raph y , ▁rug ▁and ▁old ▁text ile ▁design ), ▁Rest oration ▁and ▁Conserv ation ▁of ▁art ▁works ▁( ▁P ain ting ▁and ▁S cul pt ure ▁) ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁architecture ▁( indust rial ▁design , ▁interior ▁architecture , ▁architecture , ▁urban ▁planning ▁and ▁regional ▁planning ) ▁ İ stan bul ▁State ▁conserv atory ▁( full - time ▁and ▁part - time ) ▁/ ▁( music , ▁music ology , ▁performing ▁arts ) ▁ ▁Child ▁conserv atory ▁ ▁V oc ational ▁school ▁( text ile ▁design , ▁architect ural ▁rest oration ) ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁natural ▁sciences ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁social ▁sciences ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁inform at ics ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁institutions ▁ ▁N us re ti ye ▁Palace ▁ ▁Museum ▁of ▁P ain ting ▁and ▁S cul pt ure , ▁Ist an bul ▁ ▁T oph ane - i ▁Am ire ▁Cultural ▁Center ▁ ▁Notable ▁fac ulty ▁▁▁ ▁Os man ▁Ham di ▁Bey ] p ain ter , ▁Art ▁Histor ian , ▁and ▁Arch ae ologist ▁ ▁Y erv ant ▁O sg an – sc ulpt or ▁▁ İ bra him ▁ Ç all ı – |
p ain ter ▁ ▁Fil iz ▁Ali – p ian ist ▁and ▁music ologist ▁ ▁Rudolf ▁B elling – G erman ▁sculpt or ▁ ▁N uri ▁Bil ge ▁C ey lan – film ▁director , ▁screen writer , ▁and ▁photograph er ▁ ▁Ad nan ▁C oker – p ain ter ▁ ▁Bed ri ▁Rah mi ▁E y ü bo ğ lu – p ain ter ▁and ▁poet ▁ ▁Naz mi ▁Z i ya ▁Gü ran – p ain ter ▁ ▁Bruno ▁T aut – G erman ▁architect ▁ ▁Alexander ▁Val la ury – F rench ▁architect ▁ ▁Robert ▁Vor ho el zer – G erman ▁architect ▁and ▁city ▁pl anner ▁ ▁Su phi ▁Sa at ç i – arch itect ▁and ▁historian ▁ ▁Ali ▁Te oman ▁German er – sc ulpt or ▁ ▁Notable ▁al umn i ▁▁ ▁Ok an ▁Bay ül gen – actor ▁and ▁television ▁person ality ▁ ▁Ak bar ▁Be h kal am – G erman - I ran ian ▁painter ▁and ▁sculpt or ▁ ▁Bur ak ▁Bil g ili – opera ▁singer ▁ ▁Ad nan ▁C oker – p ain ter ▁ ▁Ne vin ▁ Ç ok ay – p ain ter ▁ ▁Y on ca ▁E vc im ik – pop ▁singer ▁ ▁Naz mi ▁Z i ya ▁Gü ran – p ain ter ▁ ▁Naz l ı ▁Den iz ▁Kur uo ğ lu – bal let ▁dan cer ▁and ▁Miss ▁Turkey ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁ ▁K ut lu ğ ▁At aman – film ▁director ▁ |
▁Nur ▁Ko ç ak – art ist ▁ ▁May a ▁K ulen ov ic – Can ad ian ▁painter ▁( student ▁ 1 9 9 2 - 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Er in ç ▁Se ymen – T urk ish ▁artist ▁ ▁Se vil ▁So yer – p ain ter ▁and ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁artist ▁ ▁P ı nar ▁Sele k – soci ologist ▁and ▁human ▁rights ▁activ ist ▁ ▁Gal ip ▁T ek in – com ic ▁book ▁artist ▁ ▁Nil u fer ▁Mo ayer i – art ist ▁ ▁T uba ▁Bü y ük üst ün – act ress ▁and ▁model ▁ ▁Sin em ▁B anna – T urk ish ▁American ▁S cul pt or ▁▁ ▁Hal it ▁Er gen ç – actor ▁ ▁Ne j at ▁Is ler – actor ▁ ▁Su phi ▁Sa at ç i – architecture ▁ ▁H ande ▁Er ç el – act ress ▁and ▁model ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁univers ities ▁in ▁Turkey ▁ ▁Su phi ▁Sa at ç i ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁University ' s ▁official ▁website ▁▁ ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁▁ ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁Stud ents ▁Portal ▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁Category : B osph orus ▁* ▁Category : B ey o ğ lu ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : 1 8 8 2 |
▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Robert ▁W ight ▁( A pril ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁– ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁pitch er ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁who ▁played ▁from ▁ ▁through ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Yan ke es ▁( 1 9 4 6 – 4 7 ), ▁Chicago ▁White ▁So x ▁( 1 9 4 8 – 5 0 ), ▁Boston ▁Red ▁So x ▁( 1 9 5 1 – 5 2 ), ▁Detroit ▁Tig ers ▁( 1 9 5 2 – 5 3 ), ▁Cleveland ▁Indians ▁( 1 9 5 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 ), ▁Baltimore ▁Ori oles ▁( 1 9 5 5 – 5 7 ), ▁C inc inn ati ▁Red s ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁and ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Card inals ▁( 1 9 5 8 ). ▁List ed ▁at ▁, ▁ 1 8 0 lb . ▁W ight ▁batt ed ▁and ▁threw ▁left - hand ed . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Rio ▁V ista , ▁California . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁twelve - season ▁career , ▁W ight ▁posted ▁a ▁ 7 7 – 9 9 ▁record ▁with ▁ 5 7 4 ▁strike outs ▁and ▁a ▁ 3 . 9 5 ▁E RA ▁in ▁ 3 4 7 ▁appearances , ▁including ▁ 1 9 8 ▁starts , ▁ 6 6 ▁complete ▁games , ▁ 1 5 ▁shut outs ▁and ▁eight ▁saves ▁in |
▁ 1 , 5 6 3 ▁inn ings ▁of ▁work . ▁ ▁W ight ▁sc out ed ▁for ▁the ▁Houston ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s / A st ros ▁and ▁Atlanta ▁Bra ves ▁for ▁ 3 7 ▁years ▁after ▁his ▁active ▁career ▁ended ▁— ▁signing ▁Baseball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁second ▁bas eman ▁Joe ▁Morgan ▁for ▁Houston ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Mount ▁Sh asta , ▁California , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 8 5 . ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁death s ▁Category : At l anta ▁Bra ves ▁sc outs ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Ori oles ▁players ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁California ▁Category : B ingham ton ▁Tri ple ts ▁players ▁Category : B oston ▁Red ▁So x ▁players ▁Category : Ch icago ▁White ▁So x ▁players ▁Category : Det roit ▁Tig ers ▁players ▁Category : C inc inn ati ▁Red leg s ▁players ▁Category : C leveland ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : H ou ston ▁Ast ros ▁sc outs ▁Category : Id aho ▁F alls ▁Rus sets ▁players ▁Category : K ansas ▁City ▁Blues ▁( base ball ) ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁pitch ers ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Yan ke es ▁players ▁Category : N or folk ▁T ars ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁Card inals ▁players ▁Category : San ▁Diego ▁Pad res ▁( min or ▁league ) ▁players ▁Category : Se attle ▁Rain |
iers ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Sol ano ▁County , ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁B . ▁G . ▁Mur phy ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁and ▁phil anth rop ist ▁in ▁psych iat ry ▁who ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁in ▁Su ff olk ▁County , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁Phill ips ▁Academy ▁in ▁And over , ▁Massachusetts ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁and ▁proceeded ▁to ▁Y ale ▁University , ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁He ▁played ▁football ▁at ▁Y ale ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁The ▁Ole ▁Crow es ▁club . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Mur phy ▁went ▁to ▁Africa ▁with ▁John ▁Ster ling ▁Rock ef eller , ▁a ▁fellow ▁student ▁at ▁Y ale , ▁to ▁study ▁wild life . ▁The ▁expedition ▁resulted ▁in ▁two ▁joint ▁publications : ▁ ▁" M amm als ▁collected ▁by ▁the ▁Rock ef eller - M ur phy ▁Ex ped ition ▁to ▁Tang any ika ▁Territ ory ▁and ▁the ▁eastern ▁Belg ian ▁Congo ". ▁American ▁Museum ▁Nov it ates ; ▁no . ▁ 1 0 7 0 ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁by ▁The ▁American ▁Museum ▁of ▁Natural ▁History . ▁ ▁J . ▁Ster ling ▁Rock ef eller , ▁and ▁Charles ▁B . ▁G . ▁Mur phy . ▁" The ▁Red isc overy ▁of ▁Pseud oc aly pt omena ." ▁The ▁A uk ▁ 5 0 , |
▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( 1 9 3 3 ): ▁ 2 3 - 2 9 . ▁doi : 1 0 . 2 3 0 7 / 4 0 7 6 5 4 4 . ▁This ▁article ▁describes ▁the ▁find ings ▁of ▁their ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁expedition ▁to ▁Africa ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁Green ▁Broad b ill . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁Mur phy ▁worked ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁Gra vey ard ▁Section ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁Production ▁Board ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Indust ry ▁Conserv ation . ▁He ▁helped ▁se ize ▁sc rap ▁metal ▁in ▁Val par ais o , ▁Indiana ▁to ▁build ▁war ▁t anks . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁later ▁years ▁Mur phy ▁lived ▁in ▁Las ▁Veg as , ▁Nev ada . ▁He ▁died ▁Sept ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁in ▁a ▁hospital ▁in ▁Stan ford , ▁California . ▁ ▁Phil anth ropy ▁ ▁" Char les ▁B . ▁G . ▁Mur phy ▁established ▁the ▁Wood ▁Kal b ▁Foundation ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁Through ▁three ▁separate ▁phil anth rop ies , ▁Mur phy ▁and ▁his ▁estate ▁have ▁given ▁over ▁$ 1 0 ▁million ▁to ▁Y ale , ▁exclus ively ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Psych iat ry ▁and ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine . ▁Following ▁Mur phy ' s ▁passing , ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁foundation ▁fell ▁to ▁his ▁att orney ▁and ▁friend ▁Eth an ▁All an ▁H itch cock ▁of ▁the ▁Y ale ▁College ▁Class ▁of ▁ 1 |
9 3 1 , ▁who ▁had ▁once ▁been ▁the ▁ro omm ate ▁of ▁Mur phy ' s ▁brother . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁H itch cock ▁gave ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁to ▁the ▁medical ▁school ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁Mur phy ▁professor ships ▁in ▁psych iat ry . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁H itch cock ▁gave ▁$ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Y ale ▁Can cer ▁Center ". ▁ ▁A ▁second ▁trust ▁Mur phy ▁established ▁was ▁entitled ▁" The ▁Found ations ' ▁Fund ▁for ▁Research ▁in ▁Psych iat ry ". ▁The ▁funds ▁were ▁exha usted ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁three ▁years ▁after ▁his ▁death . ▁In ▁return , ▁Y ale ▁University ▁has ▁named ▁a ▁professor ship ▁after ▁him , ▁the ▁" Char les ▁B . ▁G . ▁Mur phy ▁Professor ". ▁ ▁Charles ▁B . ▁G . ▁Mur phy ▁profess ors ▁▁ ▁Benjamin ▁Bun ney ▁ ▁Jane ▁R . ▁Taylor ▁ ▁Sus anne ▁W off ord ▁ ▁Ang us ▁N air n ▁ ▁Marina ▁Pic ci otto ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Y ale ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Su ff olk ▁County , ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁N anter re ▁mass acre ▁was ▁a ▁mass ▁murder ▁that ▁occurred ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁in ▁ ▁N anter re , ▁France . ▁Gun man ▁Richard |
▁D urn , ▁ 3 3 ▁years ▁old , ▁opened ▁fire ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁a ▁town ▁council ▁meeting , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁death s ▁of ▁eight ▁council ors , ▁and ▁the ▁injury ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁others . ▁D urn ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁the ▁following ▁day , ▁by ▁le aping ▁from ▁a ▁police ▁station ▁window ▁during ▁question ing . ▁ ▁Sho oting ▁At ▁approximately ▁ 1 : 1 5 a . m . ▁( CE ST ), ▁at ▁the ▁N anter re ▁town ▁hall , ▁following ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁the ▁municipal ▁council ▁cha ired ▁by ▁Mayor ▁Jac qu eline ▁F ray s se , ▁Richard ▁D urn ▁rose ▁from ▁his ▁seat , ▁removed ▁fire ar ms ▁previously ▁hidden ▁under ▁his ▁jack et , ▁and ▁opened ▁fire . ▁D urn ▁killed ▁eight ▁council ors ▁and ▁injured ▁ 1 9 ▁others ; ▁ 1 4 ▁crit ically , ▁before ▁being ▁over power ed ▁by ▁Ger ard ▁Per re au - Be z ou ille ▁and ▁other ▁council ors . ▁Once ▁over power ed , ▁D urn ▁began ▁shout ing , ▁" K ill ▁me !" ▁ ▁Following ▁events ▁D urn ▁was ▁inter rog ated ▁at ▁the ▁police ▁station ▁at ▁ 3 6 ▁Qu ai ▁des ▁Or f è v res , ▁Paris , ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March . ▁After ▁conf ess ing , ▁D urn ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁by ▁throwing ▁himself ▁from ▁the ▁fourth ▁floor ▁window . ▁ ▁D urn ▁had ▁sent ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁a ▁friend ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁explained ▁his |
▁plan : ▁" B ecause ▁I ▁have ▁by ▁my ▁own ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁kind ▁of ▁living - de ad , ▁I ▁have ▁decided ▁to ▁end ▁it ▁all ▁by ▁killing ▁a ▁small ▁local ▁el ite ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁symbol ▁of , ▁and ▁who ▁are ▁the ▁leaders ▁and ▁decision ▁mak ers ▁in , ▁a ▁city ▁that ▁I ▁have ▁always ▁det ested ." ▁He ▁explained ▁that ▁he ▁intended ▁to ▁kill ▁the ▁mayor , ▁" and ▁then ▁as ▁many ▁people ▁as ▁possible ▁[...] ▁I ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁serial ▁k iller , ▁a ▁mad ▁k iller . ▁Why ? ▁Because ▁I ▁am ▁fr ustr ated ▁and ▁I ▁do ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁die ▁alone , ▁because ▁I ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁sh itt y ▁life . ▁I ▁want ▁to ▁feel ▁powerful ▁and ▁free ▁just ▁once ." ▁ ▁Per pet r ator ▁ ▁The ▁perpet r ator ▁in ▁the ▁shoot ings ▁was ▁Richard ▁D urn , ▁ 3 3 , ▁who ▁was ▁originally ▁from ▁Sloven ia . ▁He ▁held ▁a ▁master s ▁degree ▁in ▁political ▁science ▁and ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁history . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁police , ▁D urn ▁was ▁an ▁environmental ▁activ ist , ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Social ist ▁Party ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Gre ens . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ligue ▁des ▁dro its ▁de ▁l ' homme . ▁ ▁After math ▁An ▁official ▁t ribute ▁was ▁paid ▁to ▁the ▁vict ims ▁on ▁ 2 ▁April , ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁President ▁Jacques ▁Chi rac , ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Lion el ▁J osp in ▁and |
▁Inter ior ▁Minister ▁Daniel ▁Va ill ant . ▁ ▁The ▁mass acre ▁was ▁discussed ▁by ▁French ▁phil os opher ▁Bernard ▁St ieg ler ▁in ▁his ▁book , ▁Act ing ▁Out . ▁St ieg ler ▁arg ues ▁that ▁D urn ' s ▁feeling ▁of ▁non - ex istence ▁was ▁sympt om atic ▁of ▁a ▁society ▁which ▁tends ▁to ▁destroy ▁the ▁love ▁of ▁ones elf ▁and ▁others , ▁and ▁that ▁D urn ' s ▁actions ▁represent ▁a ▁" hyper - dia chron ic " ▁acting ▁out ▁which ▁is ▁made ▁possible ▁by ▁this ▁feeling ▁of ▁non - ex istence . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁mass ac res ▁in ▁France ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁La ▁t uer ie ▁de ▁N anter re ▁- ▁La ▁très ▁rés ist ible ▁dé rive ▁d ' un ▁pa um é . ▁Le ▁for cen é ▁se ▁suic ide . ▁ ▁N anter re ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁mur ders ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : Cr ime ▁in ▁Î le - de - France ▁Category : De ath s ▁by ▁fire arm ▁in ▁France ▁Category : M arch ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁cr imes ▁Category : M arch ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁events ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : M ass ▁murder ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Category : M ass ▁shoot ings ▁in ▁France ▁Category : M ass ac res ▁in ▁France ▁Category : M ur der – su ic ides ▁in ▁France ▁Category : Su ic ides ▁by ▁jump ing ▁in ▁France ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 |
▁mass ▁shoot ings ▁in ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁railway ▁station , ▁now ▁dis used , ▁was ▁the ▁original ▁Glasgow ▁termin us ▁of ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁P ais ley ▁J oint ▁Railway ; ▁joint ly ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley ▁and ▁Green ock ▁Railway ▁( GP & G ), ▁which ▁later ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁C aled onian ▁Railway , ▁and ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley , ▁Kil mar no ck ▁and ▁A yr ▁Railway ▁( GP K & A ), ▁which ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Railway . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁for ▁traffic ▁on ▁the ▁G PK & A ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 8 4 0 ; ▁and ▁for ▁traffic ▁on ▁the ▁GP & G ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 8 4 1 . ▁It ▁was ▁s ited ▁in ▁La uri eston ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁C ly de , ▁but ▁was ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Glasgow . ▁ ▁C ly de ▁services ▁termin us ▁station ▁The ▁railway ▁line ▁between ▁P ais ley ▁and ▁Glasgow ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁P ais ley ▁J oint ▁Railway , ▁with ▁Joseph ▁Lock e ▁and ▁John ▁Err ington ▁as ▁joint ▁engine ers . ▁The ▁station ▁layout ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁James ▁Miller . ▁ ▁The ▁line , ▁together ▁with ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁station , ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁P ais ley ▁J oint ▁Railway ▁Committee , ▁which ▁was ▁joint ly ▁cha ired ▁by ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley ▁and ▁Green ock |
▁Railway ▁and ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Railway . ▁ ▁The ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley ▁and ▁Green ock ▁Railway ▁took ▁away ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁traffic ▁from ▁Glasgow ; ▁instead ▁the ▁steam ▁boats ▁terminated ▁at ▁Green ock ▁and ▁the ▁railway ▁was ▁used ▁between ▁Green ock ▁and ▁Glasgow . ▁ ▁The ▁railway ▁journey ▁was ▁ 1 ▁hour ▁against ▁ 2 . 5 ▁to ▁ 3 . 5 ▁hours ▁for ▁river ▁traffic . ▁Similarly ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley , ▁Kil mar no ck ▁and ▁A yr ▁Railway ▁provided ▁a ▁quick er ▁journey ▁to ▁the ▁coast ▁than ▁the ▁river ▁journey . ▁ ▁Some ▁ 2 1 , 8 9 0 ▁people ▁used ▁the ▁service ▁during ▁Glasgow ▁Fair ▁week ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 4 1 . ▁ ▁It ▁remained ▁the ▁C ly de ▁services ▁termin us ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ▁and ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Railway ▁for ▁nearly ▁thirty ▁years . ▁Both ▁railway ▁companies ▁wanted ▁to ▁cross ▁the ▁C ly de ▁but ▁were ▁pre cluded ▁from ▁doing ▁so ▁by ▁Glasgow ▁Corporation , ▁the ▁C ly de ▁Navigation ▁Trust ees , ▁the ▁Bridge ▁Trust ees ; ▁and ▁finally ▁by ▁the ▁Admir alty , ▁who ▁ins isted ▁on ▁brid ges ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁lif ting ▁section . ▁▁ ▁The ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ' s ▁main ▁line ▁from ▁London , ▁via ▁Car st airs , ▁which ▁opened ▁to ▁Edinburgh ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁February ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁and ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁on ▁ 1 ▁November |
▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁remained ▁on ▁the ▁north - side ▁of ▁the ▁C ly de , ▁at ▁Buch an an ▁Street , ▁eventually ▁moving ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁Station ▁( see ▁below ). ▁ ▁D ivers ion ▁of ▁G & S WR ▁services ▁The ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Railway ▁( G & S WR ) ▁achieved ▁the ▁first ▁river ▁crossing , ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁Union ▁Railway . ▁The ▁line ▁left ▁the ▁J oint ▁Railway ▁near ▁Sh ield s ▁Road ▁( now ▁Sh ield s ▁J unction ) ▁and ▁continued ▁through ▁the ▁G orb als . ▁It ▁crossed ▁the ▁River ▁C ly de ▁at ▁H ut ches ont own ▁to ▁their ▁new ▁St ▁En och ▁railway ▁station . ▁The ▁line ▁and ▁station ▁opened ▁on ▁ 1 ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 6 ; ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁having ▁taken ▁ 1 1 ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁St ▁En och ▁railway ▁station ▁became ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁South ▁Western ▁Railway , ▁and ▁all ▁services ▁were ▁di vert ed ▁to ▁St ▁En och . ▁ ▁Ref urb ishment ▁by ▁the ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ▁The ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ▁eventually ▁built ▁their ▁new ▁terminal ▁station , ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁station , ▁which ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁on ▁the ▁north - side ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁C ly de . ▁Access ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁station ▁was ▁gained ▁via ▁a ▁four - track ▁railway ▁bridge , ▁built ▁by ▁Sir ▁William ▁Ar rol ▁parallel ▁to ▁Glasgow |
▁Bridge . ▁Central ▁station ▁initially ▁had ▁eight ▁platforms . ▁ ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁station ▁was ▁also ▁ref urb ished ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 9 . ▁Two ▁new ▁through ▁platforms ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁provided ▁access ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁station . ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁however ▁remained ▁the ▁termin us , ▁for ▁the ▁time ▁being , ▁for ▁the ▁Glasgow , ▁P ais ley ▁and ▁Green ock ▁Railway ; ▁which ▁had ▁two ▁dedicated ▁bay ▁platforms ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side . ▁The ▁other ▁two ▁bay ▁platforms ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁were ▁for ▁G & S WR ▁use . ▁ ▁Cl os ures ▁Between ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁Station ▁was ▁ref urb ished ▁and ▁extended ▁over ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁Arg yle ▁Street ; ▁and ▁th ir teen ▁platforms ▁were ▁built . ▁An ▁additional ▁eight - track ▁bridge ▁was ▁built ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁C ly de ; ▁and ▁the ▁original ▁four - track ▁bridge ▁was ▁raised ▁by ▁ 3 0 ▁in ch ▁( 0 . 7 6 ▁m ). ▁ ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁station ▁then ▁closed ▁as ▁a ▁terminal ▁station ▁and ▁the ▁platforms ▁were ▁removed . ▁The ▁area ▁previously ▁occupied ▁by ▁the ▁four ▁bay ▁platforms ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁carriage ▁sid ings ▁for ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁Station ; ▁and ▁the ▁area ▁previously ▁occupied ▁by ▁the ▁through ▁platforms ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁running ▁lines ▁to ▁Central ▁Station . ▁The ▁remaining ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ▁C ly de ▁Coast ▁services ▁were ▁extended ▁to ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁Station ▁and ▁the ▁remaining ▁G & S WR ▁services ▁di vert ed |
▁to ▁St ▁En och ▁station . ▁▁ ▁A ▁new ▁sign alling ▁scheme ▁for ▁Glasgow ▁Central ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 0 s ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁power ▁operated ▁signal ▁box . ▁It ▁was ▁cant ile ver ed ▁off ▁the ▁eight - track ▁bridge ; ▁sitting ▁susp ended ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁river ▁brid ges . ▁Sign al ▁installation ▁comm enced ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 0 7 ; ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁was ▁commission ed ▁on ▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁and ▁the ▁remainder ▁on ▁ 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁The ▁architect ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁two - store y ▁station ▁building , ▁which ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 1 , ▁was ▁James ▁Col lie . ▁The ▁book ing ▁hall , ▁which ▁front ed ▁Bridge ▁Street , ▁had ▁an ▁elaborate ▁Dor ic ▁port ico ▁fl ank ed ▁by ▁two ▁project ing ▁end ▁pav il ions . ▁There ▁was ▁additional ▁access ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁station ▁platforms ▁from ▁the ▁side ▁entrance ▁facing ▁the ▁qu ays ide ▁at ▁C ly de ▁Place . ▁The ▁upper ▁flo ors ▁of ▁the ▁adjacent ▁building ▁at ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁and ▁C ly de ▁Place ▁hous ed ▁the ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁Station ▁Hotel . ▁▁ ▁After ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁station , ▁the ▁book ing ▁hall ▁was ▁converted ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁offices . ▁The ▁port ico ▁was ▁removed ▁c . 1 9 5 0 ▁and ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁buildings ▁were ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 |
1 . ▁The ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁Station ▁was ▁never ▁re develop ed ▁after ▁the ▁demol ition ▁of ▁the ▁station ▁buildings ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁land sc aped . ▁▁ ▁The ▁second ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁Station ▁was ▁situated ▁between ▁King ston ▁Street ▁and ▁Nelson ▁Street . ▁The ▁design ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁station ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁C aled onian ▁Railway ▁Company ▁Arch itect s ▁and ▁Engine ers ▁Department ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 / 1 8 9 0 , ▁under ▁the ▁super vision ▁of ▁engineer , ▁George ▁Graham . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁block , ▁front ing ▁Bridge ▁Street , ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁James ▁Miller ▁in ▁early ▁French ▁Renaissance ▁style . ▁The ▁massive ▁four - store y ▁and ▁att ic ▁building ▁was ▁built ▁with ▁cre am ▁sand stone . ▁There ▁was ▁an ▁arch ed ▁entrance ▁to ▁a ▁central ▁book ing ▁hall ▁at ▁street ▁level ▁and ▁additional ▁ent ran ces ▁leading ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁platforms ▁at ▁each ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁building , ▁at ▁ 4 0 ▁and ▁ 5 2 ▁Bridge ▁Street . ▁These ▁side ▁ent ran ces ▁are ▁still ▁in ▁use ▁as ▁access ▁to ▁apart ments ▁following ▁the ▁re development ▁of ▁the ▁upper ▁levels ▁of ▁the ▁block ▁for ▁resident ial ▁use ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁The ▁station ▁buildings ▁are ▁now ▁protected ▁as ▁a ▁category ▁B ▁listed ▁building . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁N ock ▁O . S ., ▁( 1 9 6 3 ). ▁The ▁C aled onian ▁Railway . ▁London : ▁Ian |
▁All an ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Scottish ▁Arch itect s ▁buildings ▁report ▁ ▁C AN MO RE ▁page ▁with ▁detailed ▁history ▁of ▁both ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁Railway ▁St ations ▁and ▁photograph s ▁of ▁original ▁station ▁ ▁Phot ograph s , ▁maps ▁and ▁plans ▁of ▁both ▁Bridge ▁Street ▁Railway ▁St ations ▁ ▁Category : Dis used ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁Category : Form er ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁P ais ley ▁J oint ▁Railway ▁stations ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁Category : James ▁Miller ▁railway ▁stations ▁Category : Category ▁B ▁listed ▁buildings ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁Category : List ed ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Category : G orb als <0x0A> </s> ▁V í ctor ▁Mont illa ▁( born ▁May ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁business man , ▁publishing ▁senior ▁executive , ▁and ▁broad c aster . ▁ ▁Career ▁over view ▁Born ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁V í ctor ▁Mont illa ▁Tor res ▁received ▁a ▁B A ▁in ▁Communic ation ▁Arts ▁from ▁Lo y ola ▁University ▁New ▁Orleans . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁he ▁began ▁working ▁at ▁Cord ero ▁Tele produ cciones , ▁serving ▁as ▁general ▁producer ▁for ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁produ ctions ▁before ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁becoming ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Corporation ▁for ▁Public ▁Broadcast ing ▁( CP B |
). ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁joined ▁Cas iano ▁Communic ations ▁Inc .' s ▁leadership ▁team ▁as ▁Executive ▁Vice ▁President ▁for ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁His pan ic ▁Publish er ▁of ▁Magazine ▁and ▁Period ical s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁with ▁over ▁ 1 1 ▁Publications , ▁digital ▁media , ▁market ing ▁services ▁and ▁a ▁full ▁te lem ark eting ▁operation ▁that ▁serves ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁Main land . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁broadcast ing ▁as ▁Executive ▁Vice ▁President ▁and ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁New ▁Ch annels ▁for ▁Tele cin co ▁Inc ., ▁the ▁owner ▁and ▁operator ▁of ▁W OR A ▁TV , ▁Channel ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ABC ▁Television ▁Network ▁affili ate , ▁ABC 5 ▁and ▁VI VE ▁TV ▁Network . ▁ ▁After ▁successfully ▁leading ▁development , ▁operations ▁and ▁the ▁launch ▁of ▁two ▁tv ▁networks ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁Mont illa ▁joined ▁Florida - based ▁Olymp us at , ▁a ▁content ▁and ▁technology ▁provider ▁as ▁Content ▁and ▁General ▁Manager ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁operations . ▁ ▁Since , ▁he ▁has ▁taken ▁the ▁new ▁role ▁of ▁President ▁for ▁Olymp us at ▁International , ▁leading ▁and ▁developing ▁operations ▁of ▁all ▁business es ▁for ▁Olymp us at ▁International ▁including ▁L AT AM ▁sales , ▁content , ▁channel ▁and ▁O TT ▁platform ▁distribution ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁co - production ▁and ▁strateg ic ▁partners hips . ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Governor ' s ▁Award ▁from ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Govern ors ▁of ▁the ▁Sun co |
ast ▁Chapter ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Television ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Television ▁Executive ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁by ▁Ad Not as . com . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Z en it ▁Award , ▁Communic ations ▁S ector , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Top ▁Management ▁Award ▁- ▁Media , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Sales ▁and ▁Mark eting ▁Executive ▁Association ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Silver ▁Circle ▁Award , ▁NAT AS ▁Sun co ast ▁Chapter ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Visual ▁CV ▁ ▁T UT V ▁portal ▁▁▁ ▁Car ib bean ▁Business ▁ ▁Fund ación ▁Nacional ▁para ▁la ▁Cultura ▁Popular ▁ ▁Di ario ▁Metro ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : Lo y ola ▁University ▁New ▁Orleans ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁business people <0x0A> </s> ▁I MS - 1 ▁is ▁an ▁Earth ▁observation ▁satellite ▁in ▁a ▁sun - s ynchronous ▁orbit . ▁The ▁satellite ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁four teenth ▁satellite ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Rem ote ▁S ens ing ▁( IR S ) ▁satellite ▁series ▁has ▁been ▁built , ▁launched ▁and ▁maintained ▁by ▁the ▁Indian ▁Space ▁Research ▁Organisation ▁( IS RO ). ▁I MS - 1 ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁satellite ▁to ▁use ▁IS RO ' s ▁Indian ▁M ini ▁Sat ellite ▁bus . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁launched ▁by ▁the ▁Pol ar ▁Sat ellite ▁La unch ▁Ve h icle ▁- ▁C 9 ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 |
0 8 ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁Cart os at - 2 A ▁and ▁eight ▁n ano ▁research ▁sat ell ites ▁belonging ▁to ▁research ▁facilities ▁in ▁Canada , ▁Den mark , ▁Germany , ▁Japan ▁and ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Indian ▁Rem ote ▁S ens ing ▁satellite ▁List ▁of ▁Indian ▁sat ell ites ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁I MS - 1 ▁ ▁Category : Art ific ial ▁sat ell ites ▁orbit ing ▁Earth ▁Category : E arth ▁observation ▁sat ell ites ▁of ▁India ▁Category : M ini ▁sat ell ites ▁of ▁India ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁( ▁al - Ḫ aw dh ▁al - bay ḍ ā ʾ ▁/ ▁al - Q uba ʿ ā t ▁al - B ay ḍ ā ʾ ), ▁officially ▁known ▁as ▁Sy ria ▁Civil ▁Def ence ▁( S CD ; ▁ ▁ad - D if ā ʿ ▁al - Mad an ī ▁as - S ū r ī ), ▁is ▁a ▁volunte er ▁organisation ▁that ▁oper ates ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁opposition - control led ▁Sy ria ▁and ▁in ▁Turkey . ▁Form ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁during ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Civil ▁War , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁volunte ers ' ▁activity ▁in ▁Sy ria ▁consists ▁of ▁medical ▁ev acu ation , ▁urban ▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁bomb ing , ▁ev acu ation ▁of ▁civ ili ans ▁from ▁danger ▁areas , ▁and ▁essential ▁service ▁delivery . ▁As ▁of ▁April |
▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁organisation ▁said ▁it ▁had ▁saved ▁over ▁ 1 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁lives , ▁with ▁ 2 0 4 ▁White ▁Hel met ▁volunte ers ▁losing ▁their ▁lives ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁They ▁assert ▁their ▁im partial ity ▁in ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁conflict . ▁ ▁The ▁organisation ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁target ▁of ▁a ▁sust ained ▁dis information ▁campaign ▁by ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁President ▁Bash ar ▁al - Ass ad ▁of ▁Sy ria ▁and ▁Russian ▁state - sp ons ored ▁media ▁organis ations ▁such ▁as ▁R T ; ▁the ▁campaign ▁has ▁promoted ▁consp i racy ▁theories ▁about ▁the ▁group ▁and ▁false ▁accus ations ▁that ▁it ▁has ▁close ▁t ies ▁with ▁terror ist ▁activities . ▁The ▁organisation ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁critic ized ▁by ▁the ▁Iran ian ▁news ▁ag ency ▁M NA ▁and ▁Chinese ▁state ▁news ▁ag ency ▁X in h ua . ▁The ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁were ▁also ▁b anned ▁from ▁entering ▁Kur d ish - control led ▁areas ▁of ▁Sy ria . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁rescue ▁teams ▁that ▁later ▁became ▁Sy ria ▁Civil ▁Def ence ▁emer ged ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁es cal ation ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Civil ▁War , ▁as ▁areas ▁no ▁longer ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Ass ad ▁government ▁came ▁under ▁sust ained ▁attack ▁from ▁its ▁military ▁forces . ▁In ▁response , ▁in ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁formal ▁government al ▁structures , ▁small ▁groups ▁of ▁civil ian ▁volunte ers ▁from ▁affected ▁communities , ▁particularly ▁in ▁Ale ppo |
▁and ▁Id lib , ▁assemble d ▁to ▁assist ▁civ ili ans ▁injured ▁in ▁bomb ard ment ▁or ▁tra pped ▁under ▁the ▁rub ble ▁of ▁destroyed ▁buildings . ▁Training , ▁fund ing ▁and ▁support ▁was ▁provided ▁from ▁international ▁partners , ▁including ▁don ations ▁from ▁govern ments ▁in ▁Western ▁Europe , ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁Japan ; ▁the ▁Turkish ▁A K UT ▁Search ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Association ; ▁and ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁N GO s , ▁private ▁individuals , ▁public ▁fund ra ising ▁campaign s , ▁and ▁char ities . ▁Primary ▁support ▁and ▁training ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁May day ▁Res cue ▁Foundation , ▁a ▁not - for - pro fit ▁foundation ▁established ▁by ▁former ▁British ▁Army ▁officer ▁James ▁Le ▁Mes ur ier , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁key ▁factor ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁organisation . ▁ ▁Local ▁and ▁provincial ▁coun c ils ▁joined ▁with ▁May day ▁Res cue ▁Foundation ▁and ▁A K UT ▁Search ▁and ▁Res cue ▁Association ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁first ▁training ▁program mes ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁AR K , ▁an ▁international ▁contract ing ▁firm ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates , ▁would ▁facil itate ▁entry ▁of ▁volunte ers ▁to ▁Turkey , ▁where ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁trained ▁by ▁A K UT . ▁Early ▁training ▁courses ▁included ▁tra uma ▁care , ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁and ▁crisis ▁management . ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁years , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁independent ▁civil ▁defence ▁teams ▁grew ▁to ▁several ▁dozen ▁as ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁train ings ▁such ▁as ▁Ra ed ▁S ale |
h ▁established ▁new ▁cent ers ; ▁the ▁national ▁organisation ▁of ▁S CD ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁at ▁a ▁conference ▁of ▁independent ▁teams . ▁ ▁S CD ▁grew ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁organisation ▁of ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁volunte ers ▁operating ▁from ▁ 1 1 1 ▁local ▁civil ▁defence ▁cent res ▁across ▁ 8 ▁provincial ▁director ates ▁( A le ppo , ▁Id lib , ▁L ata k ia , ▁H ama , ▁H oms , ▁Dam asc us , ▁Dam asc us ▁Coun tr ys ide , ▁and ▁D ara a ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁these ▁self - organ ised ▁teams ▁came ▁together ▁and ▁voted ▁to ▁form ▁one ▁national ▁organisation : ▁Sy ria ▁Civil ▁Def ence . ▁As ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁S CD ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁res cu ed ▁over ▁ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁since ▁they ▁began ▁to ▁keep ▁count ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁themselves ▁have ▁become ▁targets ▁of ▁Sy rian ▁and ▁Russian ▁a irst rik es . ▁According ▁to ▁The ▁Econom ist , ▁approximately ▁one ▁in ▁six ▁S CD ▁have ▁been ▁killed ▁or ▁badly ▁wounded , ▁" many ▁by ▁' double ▁tap ' ▁Russian ▁and ▁Sy rian ▁a irst rik es ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁site ▁as ▁they ▁search ▁for ▁bodies ." ▁Seven ▁members ▁were ▁killed ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 |
▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁assass ination ▁at ▁their ▁operations ▁centre ▁in ▁Sar min ▁in ▁Id lib ▁Province . ▁ ▁Although ▁S CD ▁has ▁existed ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁their ▁world wide ▁acknowled g ement ▁in ▁media ▁started ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁The ▁Sy ria ▁Camp aign ▁N GO , ▁which ▁introduced ▁the ▁nick name ▁" White ▁Hel m ets ". ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁as ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁were ▁re capt uring ▁eastern ▁Ale ppo , ▁S CD ▁head ▁Ra ed ▁S ale h ▁requested ▁safe ▁passage ▁of ▁S CD ▁oper atives ▁to ▁re bel ▁controlled ▁coun tr ys ide ▁around ▁Ale ppo . ▁Sy ria ▁Civil ▁Def ence ▁joined ▁the ▁Independent ▁Do ctors ▁Association , ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Network ▁for ▁Human ▁Rights , ▁and ▁the ▁Vi ol ations ▁Document ation ▁Center ▁to ▁acc use ▁Russian ▁forces ▁of ▁war ▁cr imes ▁in ▁eastern ▁Ale ppo , ▁joint ly ▁subm itting ▁a ▁report ▁to ▁the ▁Independent ▁International ▁Commission ▁of ▁In qu iry ▁on ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Arab ▁Republic . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁US ▁State ▁Department ▁announced ▁that ▁fund ing ▁has ▁been ▁fro zen ▁for ▁the ▁White ▁Hel m ets . ▁A ▁State ▁Department ▁official ▁indicated ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁review ing ▁assistance ▁programs ▁in ▁Sy ria ▁overall , ▁which ▁included ▁fund ing ▁for ▁the ▁White ▁Hel m ets , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁United |
▁States ▁would ▁continue ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁through ▁mult il ater al ▁don ations . ▁The ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁other ▁support ive ▁institutions , ▁promised ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁provide ▁critical ▁fund ing ▁to ▁the ▁organization . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Israel ▁opened ▁the ▁Gol an ▁He ights ▁boundary ▁to ▁allow ▁a ▁UN ▁rescue ▁mission ▁to ▁ev acu ate ▁ 4 2 2 ▁people – ▁ 9 8 ▁White ▁Hel met ▁volunte ers ▁and ▁their ▁family ▁members – ▁to ▁Jordan . ▁An ▁international ▁group ▁led ▁by ▁Ch ry st ia ▁Fre eland ▁lo bb ied ▁for ▁the ▁exit ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Hel m ets , ▁as ▁their ▁lives ▁were ▁in ▁danger ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁government ′ s ▁adv ancing ▁off ensive ▁in ▁south western ▁Sy ria . ▁The ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁reported ▁ 3 , 7 0 0 ▁of ▁their ▁volunte ers ▁remained ▁in ▁Sy ria . ▁A ▁Sy rian ▁government ▁official ▁condem ned ▁the ▁ev acu ation ▁of ▁White ▁Hel m ets ▁as ▁a ▁" c riminal ▁operation " ▁that ▁had ▁revealed ▁" the ▁terror ist ▁nature " ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁President ▁Bash ar ▁al - Ass ad ▁said : ▁" They ▁have ▁two ▁choices : ▁to ▁lay ▁down ▁their ▁arms ▁and ▁use ▁the ▁am n esty ▁we ▁have ▁offered ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁four ▁or ▁five ▁years , ▁or |
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