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. 2 9 ▁– ▁retired ▁ 2 0 1 6 . 1 2 . 3 0 ) ▁ ▁Tit ular ▁Arch bishop ▁Card inal ▁Mario ▁Z en ari ▁( 1 9 9 9 . 0 7 . 1 2 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 6 . 1 1 . 1 9 ), ▁as ▁pap al ▁diplom at ▁: ▁Apost ol ic ▁N un cio ▁( amb assador ) ▁to ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁( 1 9 9 9 . 0 7 . 2 4 ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 4 . 0 5 . 1 0 ), ▁Apost ol ic ▁N un cio ▁to ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁( 2 0 0 4 . 0 5 . 1 0 ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 8 . 1 2 . 3 0 ), ▁Apost ol ic ▁N un cio ▁to ▁Sy ria ▁( 2 0 0 8 . 1 2 . 3 0 ▁– ▁... ); ▁next ▁created ▁Card inal - De acon ▁of ▁S . ▁Maria ▁delle ▁Gra zie ▁alle ▁For na ci ▁fu ori ▁Port a ▁Caval leg ger i ▁( 2 0 1 6 . 1 1 . 1 9 ▁[ 2 0 1 7 . 0 3 . 2 5 ] ▁– ▁...) ▁ ▁Tit ular ▁Bishop ▁Pedro ▁Ser gio ▁de ▁Jes ús ▁M ena ▁Dí az ▁( 2 0 1 7 . 0 5 . 2 7 ▁– ▁... ), ▁Bishop - elect ▁as ▁A ux ili ary ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Y uc at án |
▁( M ex ico ) ▁( 2 0 1 7 . 0 5 . 2 7 ▁– ▁... ). ▁▁ ▁T win ▁towns ▁▁▁ ▁Rose gg , ▁Austria ▁▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Italy ▁▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁S ources ▁and ▁external ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁GC atholic ▁with ▁tit ular ▁inc umb ent ▁bio ▁links ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Francesco ▁L anz oni , ▁Le ▁dioc esi ▁d ' Italia ▁dalle ▁orig ini ▁al ▁princip io ▁del ▁secolo ▁VII ▁( an . ▁ 6 0 4 )' ', ▁vol . ▁II , ▁Fa enza ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁pp . 8 9 5 – 8 9 6 ▁ ▁Category : C atholic ▁tit ular ▁sees ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : Form er ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁Fri uli - V enez ia ▁Giul ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Sp ic aph id inae ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁sub family ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁A ph id idae . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A ph id idae ▁Category : H em ip tera ▁sub famil ies <0x0A> </s> ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁was ▁a ▁regional ▁air line ▁owned ▁by ▁Trans ▁States ▁Hold ings ▁and ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Br idget on , ▁Missouri . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁its ▁closing , ▁the ▁air line ▁operated ▁fl ights ▁for ▁United ▁Airlines ▁under ▁the ▁United ▁Express ▁brand . ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁ceased ▁all ▁operations ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 |
0 2 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁began ▁operations ▁as ▁Res ort ▁Air ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁As ▁an ▁independent ▁comm uter ▁air ▁car rier , ▁Res ort ▁Air ▁operated ▁S we ar ingen ▁Metro ▁prop jets ▁from ▁a ▁small ▁hub ▁located ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis ▁( ST L ) ▁with ▁service ▁to ▁Car b ond ale , ▁Illinois ; ▁Columbia , ▁Missouri ; ▁Fort ▁Leonard ▁Wood , ▁MO ; ▁J op lin , ▁MO ; ▁Lake ▁of ▁the ▁O z arks , ▁MO ; ▁Spring field , ▁IL ; ▁and ▁Spring field , ▁MO . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁company ▁entered ▁into ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁Trans ▁World ▁Airlines ▁( T WA ) ▁to ▁operate ▁as ▁Trans ▁World ▁Express ▁serving ▁six ▁cities ▁in ▁Missouri ▁and ▁Illinois . ▁ ▁Res ort ▁Air ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁T SA ▁began ▁operations ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁coast ▁as ▁USA ir ▁Express ▁at ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁( LA X ) ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁was ▁serving ▁F res no , ▁Mon ter ey , ▁Ontario , ▁CA , ▁Pal m ▁Spr ings , ▁San ▁Diego , ▁San ▁Luis ▁Ob is po ▁and ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁non stop ▁from ▁L AX ▁with ▁British ▁A eros pace ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 3 1 ▁prop jets . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Trans ▁States ▁was ▁operating ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 3 |
1 ▁fl ights ▁from ▁L AX ▁as ▁US ▁Air ways ▁Express ▁non stop ▁to ▁just ▁four ▁destin ations ▁in ▁California : ▁ ▁F res no , ▁Pal m ▁Spr ings , ▁San ▁Diego ▁and ▁Santa ▁Barbara . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁east ▁coast , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁T SA ▁began ▁operations ▁as ▁a ▁code ▁share ▁fe eder ▁air line ▁into ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁J F K ▁Airport ▁as ▁United ▁Express . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Trans ▁States ▁had ▁begun ▁operations ▁as ▁a ▁D elta ▁Connection ▁code ▁share ▁air ▁car rier ▁for ▁D elta ▁Air ▁L ines ▁at ▁New ▁York ▁J F K ▁Airport ▁with ▁Em bra er ▁ER J - 1 4 5 ▁regional ▁j ets ▁and ▁British ▁A eros pace ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 4 1 ▁prop jets ▁with ▁non stop ▁service ▁to ▁Alb any , ▁NY , ▁Baltimore , ▁Gre ens bor o , ▁NC , ▁Hart ford / Spring field , ▁Nor folk , ▁V A , ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pitts burgh , ▁R ale igh / D ur ham , ▁Richmond , ▁V A ▁and ▁Ro chester , ▁NY . ▁ ▁The ▁call ▁sign ▁" W aters ki " ▁and ▁the ▁I CA O ▁ 3 - letter ▁identifier ▁" LO F ," ▁which ▁stands ▁for ▁' L odge ▁of ▁the ▁Four ▁Se asons ', ▁are ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁days ▁when ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁operated ▁as ▁Res ort ▁Air ▁and ▁took ▁visitors ▁to ▁the ▁Lake ▁of ▁the ▁O z arks ▁in ▁Missouri |
. ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁air line ▁carried ▁ 3 . 6 ▁million ▁passengers . ▁▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁the ▁air line ▁announced ▁their ▁intent ▁to ▁gradually ▁ce ase ▁operations ▁through ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁and ▁transfer ▁their ▁fleet ▁to ▁Express J et ▁Airlines ▁per ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁United ▁Airlines . ▁However , ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁CE O ▁Rick ▁Le ach ▁sent ▁a ▁mem o ▁to ▁employees ▁stating ▁that ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ▁coron av irus ▁pan demic ▁on ▁travel ▁demand , ▁the ▁air line ▁would ▁ce ase ▁operations ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁much ▁earlier ▁than ▁originally ▁expected . ▁Com pass ▁Airlines , ▁another ▁regional ▁air line ▁owned ▁by ▁Trans ▁States ▁Hold ings , ▁also ▁announced ▁a ▁c ess ation ▁of ▁operations ▁effective ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁leaving ▁Go J et ▁Airlines ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁operating ▁air line ▁owned ▁by ▁Trans ▁States ▁Hold ings . ▁▁ ▁The ▁final ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁flight ▁was ▁United ▁Express ▁Fl ight ▁ 4 6 9 5 ▁from ▁Spring field , ▁Missouri ▁to ▁Den ver , ▁Colorado ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁St . ▁Louis ▁T WA ▁Express ▁Hub ▁Oper ations ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁▁ ▁Trans ▁States ▁was ▁operating ▁ 4 8 - pass enger |
▁A TR - 4 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 - pass enger ▁Fair child ▁S we ar ingen ▁Met rol iner ▁( Met ro ▁III ▁model ) ▁prop jets ▁in ▁Trans ▁World ▁Express ▁code ▁share ▁service ▁for ▁Trans ▁World ▁Airlines ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁from ▁the ▁T WA ▁hub ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis ▁with ▁non stop ▁fl ights ▁to ▁the ▁following ▁destin ations : ▁▁ ▁Bur ling ton , ▁I A ▁ ▁Chicago , ▁IL ▁( Me igs ▁Field ) ▁- ▁one ▁stop ▁service ▁via ▁Spring field , ▁IL ▁ ▁Columbia , ▁MO ▁ ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁I A ▁ ▁J op lin , ▁MO ▁ ▁Lincoln , ▁NE ▁ ▁Mad ison , ▁W I ▁ ▁M emph is , ▁T N ▁ ▁Mol ine , ▁IL ▁ ▁Pe oria , ▁IL ▁ ▁Si oux ▁City , ▁I A ▁ ▁Spring field , ▁IL ▁ ▁Spring field , ▁MO ▁ ▁St . ▁Louis ▁T WA ▁Express ▁Hub ▁Oper ations ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁Trans ▁States ▁had ▁expanded ▁its ▁Trans ▁World ▁Express ▁code ▁sharing ▁operations ▁at ▁the ▁T WA ▁St . ▁Louis ▁hub ▁and ▁was ▁operating ▁A TR - 4 2 , ▁A TR - 7 2 , ▁British ▁A eros pace ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 3 1 ▁and ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 4 1 , ▁and ▁Em bra er ▁E MB - 1 2 0 ▁Brasil ia ▁tur b opro ps ▁with ▁non stop ▁fl ights ▁to ▁the ▁following |
▁destin ations : ▁▁ ▁B irmingham , ▁AL ▁ ▁Blo om ington , ▁IL ▁ ▁Bur ling ton , ▁I A ▁ ▁Cape ▁Gir arde au , ▁MO ▁ ▁C ed ar ▁Rap ids , ▁I A ▁ ▁Champ aign , ▁IL ▁ ▁Chicago , ▁IL ▁( M id way ▁Airport ) ▁ ▁Columbia , ▁MO ▁ ▁Dec atur , ▁IL ▁ ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁I A ▁ ▁Evans ville , ▁IN ▁ ▁F ay ette ville , ▁AR ▁ ▁Fort ▁Wayne , ▁IN ▁ ▁Grand ▁Rap ids , ▁M I ▁ ▁J op lin , ▁MO ▁ ▁Lex ington , ▁K Y ▁ ▁Kno x ville , ▁T N ▁ ▁Mad ison , ▁W I ▁ ▁Mar ion , ▁IL ▁ ▁M emph is , ▁T N ▁ ▁Mil w au kee , ▁W I ▁ ▁Mol ine , ▁IL ▁ ▁Pad uc ah , ▁K Y ▁ ▁Pe oria , ▁IL ▁ ▁Qu in cy , ▁IL ▁ ▁Si oux ▁City , ▁I A ▁ ▁South ▁B end , ▁IN ▁ ▁Spring field , ▁IL ▁ ▁Spring field , ▁MO ▁ ▁Water lo o , ▁I A ▁ ▁Dest in ations ▁ ▁Prior ▁to ▁its ▁shut down , ▁the ▁air line ▁operated ▁to ▁the ▁following ▁destin ations ▁under ▁the ▁United ▁Express ▁brand : ▁ ▁Fle et ▁Prior ▁to ▁its ▁shut down , ▁the ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁fleet ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁aircraft : ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Trans ▁States ▁Hold ings ▁announced ▁an ▁agreement ▁to |
▁purchase ▁ 5 0 ▁M its ub ishi ▁MR J 9 0 ▁with ▁options ▁for ▁ 5 0 ▁more . ▁Trans ▁States ▁Hold ings ▁held ▁conversion ▁rights ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁smaller , ▁ 7 6 - se at ▁MR J 7 0 ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 2 - se at ▁MR J 9 0 ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁scope ▁clause ▁environment ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁air line ▁took ▁delivery . ▁The ▁order ▁was ▁cancel led ▁as ▁of ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁due ▁to ▁concerns ▁that ▁the ▁M its ub ishi ▁Space J et ▁M 9 0 ▁aircraft ▁viol ates ▁the ▁US ▁S cope ▁clause ▁laws . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁began ▁taking ▁delivery ▁of ▁six ▁former ▁Pass are do ▁Lin has ▁A ére as ▁ER J - 1 4 5 s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Trans ▁States ▁began ▁par king ▁their ▁United ▁Express ▁ER J - 1 4 5 ER ' s , ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁ER J - 1 4 5 X R ' s ▁transferred ▁from ▁Express J et ▁Airlines . ▁ ▁Pre viously ▁operated ▁tur b op rop ▁aircraft ▁ ▁Prior ▁to ▁becoming ▁an ▁all - jet ▁air line , ▁Trans ▁States ▁operated ▁several ▁different ▁tur b op rop ▁aircraft ▁types ▁including : ▁▁ ▁A TR ▁ 4 2 ▁ ▁A TR ▁ 7 2 ▁ ▁British ▁A eros pace ▁B A e ▁Jet stream ▁ 3 1 ▁▁ ▁British ▁A eros pace ▁B A e |
▁Jet stream ▁ 4 1 ▁ ▁Em bra er ▁E MB - 1 2 0 ▁Brasil ia ▁▁ ▁Fair child ▁S we ar ingen ▁Metro ▁III ▁ ▁These ▁prop jet ▁aircraft ▁were ▁operated ▁in ▁code ▁share ▁fe eder ▁services ▁for ▁American ▁Airlines , ▁D elta ▁Air ▁L ines , ▁Trans ▁World ▁Airlines ▁( T WA ), ▁USA ir ▁and ▁US ▁Air ways . ▁ ▁Acc idents ▁and ▁inc idents ▁July ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁Fl ight ▁ 3 5 0 4 , ▁operated ▁and ▁market ed ▁as ▁a ▁US ▁Air ways ▁Express ▁flight , ▁over ran ▁the ▁run way ▁at ▁Ott awa ▁Mac don ald - Cart ier ▁International ▁Airport ▁and ▁sust ained ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁left ▁in board ▁t ire . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁serious ▁inj uries . ▁Transport ▁Saf ety ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁Acc ident ▁Report ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁Fl ight ▁ 8 0 5 0 , ▁operated ▁and ▁market ed ▁as ▁a ▁United ▁Express ▁flight , ▁over ran ▁the ▁run way ▁at ▁Ott awa ▁Mac don ald - Cart ier ▁International ▁Airport ▁and ▁sust ained ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft ▁with ▁a ▁nose ▁g ear ▁collapse . ▁Both ▁pil ots ▁and ▁one ▁passenger ▁sust ained ▁minor ▁inj uries . ▁ ▁March ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁at ▁ 6 : 4 5 ▁am ▁E ST ▁ ▁A ▁US ▁Air ways ▁Em bra er ▁ 1 4 5 |
▁operated ▁by ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁was ▁being ▁pushed ▁back ▁from ▁the ▁gate ▁at ▁Brad ley ▁International ▁Airport ▁for ▁a ▁departure ▁to ▁Pitts burgh ▁when ▁the ▁front ▁nose ▁g ear ▁col lapsed ▁and ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁plane ▁dropped ▁to ▁the ▁t arm ac . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 9 ▁passengers ▁were ▁injured . ▁September ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁Fl ight ▁ 3 3 6 3 ▁origin ating ▁from ▁Chicago ▁IL , ▁operated ▁as ▁a ▁United ▁Express ▁flight , ▁left ▁the ▁run way ▁during ▁landing ▁at ▁Ott awa ▁Mac don ald - Cart ier ▁International ▁Airport . ▁The ▁aircraft , ▁with ▁ 4 4 ▁passengers ▁on ▁board , ▁sust ained ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁g ear ▁and ▁bel ly , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁wing . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁inj uries ▁to ▁passengers ▁or ▁crew . ▁February ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁operating ▁as ▁United ▁Express ▁Fl ight ▁ 3 3 5 0 ▁origin ating ▁from ▁Chicago ▁O ' H are , ▁IL ▁to ▁Ro chester , ▁NY ▁was ▁on ▁approach ▁to ▁land ▁but ▁over ran ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁run way ▁by ▁about ▁ 5 0 – 7 5 ▁feet ▁and ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁stop ▁with ▁all ▁g ear ▁off ▁the ▁p aved ▁surface . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁inj uries . ▁The ▁passengers ▁dis emb ark ed ▁via ▁mobile ▁st airs ▁and ▁were ▁b uss ed ▁to ▁the ▁terminal . ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 |
0 1 8 ▁A ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁Em bra er ▁ 1 4 5 ▁operating ▁as ▁Fl ight ▁ 4 6 9 7 ▁from ▁Washington ▁D ul les ▁to ▁Prov idence , ▁R I ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁di vert ▁to ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁International ▁Airport ▁after ▁reports ▁of ▁smoke ▁in ▁the ▁cabin . ▁The ▁aircraft ▁was ▁ev acu ated ▁on ▁the ▁run way . ▁Three ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 3 ▁passengers ▁received ▁treatment ▁at ▁the ▁scene . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Trans ▁States ▁Airlines ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁regional ▁air lines ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : A irl ines ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁Category : A irl ines ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁Category : Reg ional ▁Air line ▁Association ▁members ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : P riv ately ▁held ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Form er ▁O new orld ▁affili ate ▁members ▁Category : Def unct ▁air lines ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Missouri <0x0A> </s> ▁S cal pt ia ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ails , ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll us ks ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Can cell ari idae , ▁the ▁nut m eg ▁sn ails . ▁ ▁Species ▁Species ▁within ▁the ▁genus ▁S cal pt ia ▁include : ▁▁ ▁S cal |
pt ia ▁al igu ay ensis ▁Ver heck en , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁and roy ensis ▁Ver heck en ▁& ▁Bo zz etti , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁art icular is ▁( G . B . ▁S ower by ▁I , ▁ 1 8 3 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁art icular o ides ▁Ver heck en , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁cont ab ul ata ▁( G . B . ▁S ower by ▁I , ▁ 1 8 3 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁c ren if era ▁( G . B . ▁S ower by ▁I , ▁ 1 8 3 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁cr is pa ▁( G . B . ▁S ower by ▁I , ▁ 1 8 3 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁cr isp ato ides ▁Ver heck en , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁c ros se i ▁( Sem per , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁f ove ol ata ▁( G . B . ▁S ower by ▁II , ▁ 1 8 4 9 a ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁h yst rix ▁( Re e ve , ▁ 1 8 5 6 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁la ing ensis ▁Ver heck en , ▁ 1 9 |
8 9 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁merc ado i ▁Old , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁n assa ▁( G mel in , ▁ 1 7 9 1 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁ob liqu ata ▁( L amar ck , ▁ 1 8 2 2 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁scalar iform is ▁( L amar ck , ▁ 1 8 2 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁scalar ina ▁( L amar ck , ▁ 1 8 2 2 b ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁scal ata ▁( S ower by , ▁ 1 8 3 2 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁text ilis ▁( K i ener , ▁ 1 8 4 1 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁v ango eth emi ▁Ver heck en , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁ver re aux ii ▁( K i ener , ▁ 1 8 4 1 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁v inn ul um ▁( I red ale , ▁ 1 9 2 5 ) ▁Species ▁brought ▁into ▁syn onym y ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁b icol or ▁( H inds , ▁ 1 8 4 3 ): ▁syn onym ▁of ▁Tr ig on ost oma ▁b icol or ▁( H inds , ▁ 1 8 4 3 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁mac con key i ▁J ous se a ume , ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁accepted |
▁as ▁S cal pt ia ▁h yst rix ▁( Re e ve , ▁ 1 8 5 6 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁nod os iv ar ic osa ▁( P et ush , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁accepted ▁as ▁N ipp on aph era ▁nod os iv ar ic osa ▁( P et uch , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁S cal pt ia ▁scala ▁( G mel in , ▁ 1 7 9 1 ): ▁syn onym ▁of ▁Tr ig on ost oma ▁scala ▁( G mel in , ▁ 1 7 9 1 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Hem men ▁J . ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Rec ent ▁Can cell ari idae . ▁An not ated ▁and ▁illustrated ▁catalog ue ▁of ▁Rec ent ▁Can cell ari idae . ▁Priv ately ▁published , ▁Wies b aden . ▁ 4 2 8 ▁pp . ▁[ With ▁am end ments ▁and ▁corre ctions ▁taken ▁from ▁Pet it ▁R . E . ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁A ▁critique ▁of , ▁and ▁err ata ▁for , ▁Rec ent ▁Can cell ari idae ▁by ▁J ens ▁Hem men , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Con ch ologia ▁In gr ata ▁ 9 : ▁ 1 - 8 ▁ ▁Category : Can cell ari idae ▁Category : G ast rop od ▁gener a ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁F éli x ▁Pierre ▁J ous se a ume <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Philippines ▁competed ▁at |
▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Par al ym p ics ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro , ▁Brazil , ▁from ▁ 7 ▁to ▁ 1 8 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁Philipp ine ▁Par al ym pic ▁deleg ation ▁was ▁represented ▁by ▁ 5 ▁sports people ▁in ▁four ▁sports . ▁Table ▁tennis ▁player ▁Joseph ine ▁Med ina ▁was ▁the ▁deleg ation ' s ▁flag ▁bear er ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁ceremony , ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁straight ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁deleg ation ▁included ▁coach es , ▁Ram ond ▁Deb u que ▁( pow elif ting ), ▁Jo el ▁Der iada ▁( ath let ics ), ▁Louise ▁Mark ▁E bal la ▁( table ▁tennis ), ▁and ▁Antonio ▁O ng ▁( sw imming ), ▁with ▁Dennis ▁Esta ▁as ▁the ▁Che f ▁d ' ▁M ision ▁ ▁and ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁team ▁doctor ▁Ra ul ▁Michael ▁C emb rano . ▁Philipp ine ▁Sports ▁Association ▁of ▁the ▁D iffer ently ▁A bled ▁President ▁Michael ▁Bar red o ▁and ▁Secretary ▁General ▁R al ▁Ros ario ▁was ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Par al ym pic ▁deleg ation . ▁ ▁Athletics ▁▁ ▁The ▁Philippines ▁qualified ▁ 1 ▁ath lete ▁for ▁athlet ics . ▁Long ▁j um per ▁Andy ▁Av ell ana , ▁was ▁also ▁among ▁the ▁athlet es ▁reported ly ▁to ▁have ▁qualified ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁deleg ation ▁in ▁later ▁reports ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁get ▁a ▁wild card ▁slot . ▁ ▁Track ▁ ▁Sw imming ▁▁ ▁The |
▁Philippines ▁has ▁qualified ▁ 1 ▁ath lete ▁for ▁Sw imming . ▁ ▁Table ▁tennis ▁▁ ▁The ▁Philippines ▁qualified ▁ 1 ▁ath lete ▁for ▁table ▁tennis . ▁ ▁Women ▁ ▁Power l ifting ▁▁ ▁The ▁Philippines ▁qualified ▁ 2 ▁athlet es ▁( ▁and ▁) ▁for ▁Power l ifting . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Philippines ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : N ations ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Par al ym p ics ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁Philipp ine ▁sport <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Ron ald ▁" J im " ▁Ry un ▁( born ▁April ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁Olympic ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ath lete , ▁who ▁at ▁his ▁peak ▁was ▁widely ▁considered ▁the ▁world ' s ▁top ▁middle - distance ▁runner . ▁He ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁m ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁high ▁school ▁ath lete ▁to ▁run ▁a ▁mile ▁in ▁under ▁four ▁minutes . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁last ▁American ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁in ▁the ▁mile ▁run . ▁Ry un ▁later ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁representing ▁Kansas ' ▁ 2 nd ▁con gression al ▁district ▁for ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party . ▁ ▁Athletics ▁According ▁to ▁Ry un , ▁he ▁began |
▁running ▁because ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁as ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁junior ▁at ▁W ich ita ▁East ▁High ▁School , ▁Ry un ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁high ▁school ▁ath lete ▁to ▁run ▁a ▁mile ▁in ▁under ▁ 4 ▁minutes ▁in ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁ 3 : 5 9 . 0 , ▁when ▁he ▁took ▁ 8 th ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁California ▁Rel ays , ▁the ▁last ▁under ▁four ▁minutes ▁in ▁a ▁historic ▁mass ▁finish ▁under ▁ 4 : 0 0 . ▁His ▁time ▁of ▁ 3 : 5 5 . 3 , ▁set ▁winning ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁AA U ▁Championship ▁race ▁ahead ▁of ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁medal ist ▁and ▁former ▁W R ▁holder ▁Peter ▁S nell , ▁was ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁record ▁that ▁stood ▁for ▁ 3 6 ▁years . ▁Ry un ▁ran ▁five ▁sub - four ▁minute ▁miles ▁while ▁in ▁high ▁school ▁including ▁the ▁only ▁sub - four ▁minute ▁mile ▁run ▁in ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁event , ▁a ▁ 3 : 5 8 . 3 , ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁Kansas ▁H S ▁state ▁meet . ▁As ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁senior ▁he ▁was ▁voted ▁the ▁fourth ▁best ▁mil er ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁Track ▁& ▁Field ▁News . ▁ESP N . com ▁named ▁him ▁the ▁best ▁high ▁school ▁ath lete ▁of ▁all ▁time , ▁be ating ▁out ▁people ▁such ▁as ▁T iger ▁Wood s ▁and ▁Le B ron ▁James . ▁He ▁was ▁Track ▁and ▁Field ▁News ▁" High |
▁School ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁Post - high ▁school ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁at ▁age ▁nin ete en , ▁Ry un ▁set ▁world ▁records ▁in ▁the ▁mile ▁( 3 : 5 1 . 3 ) ▁and ▁the ▁half - mile ▁( 1 : 4 4 . 9 ). ▁He ▁received ▁numerous ▁awards , ▁including ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁magazine ' s ▁" S ports man ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁award , ▁the ▁James ▁E . ▁S ull ivan ▁Award ▁as ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁top ▁amateur ▁ath lete , ▁the ▁ABC ' s ▁W ide ▁World ▁of ▁Sports ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award , ▁and ▁the ▁Track ▁& ▁Field ▁News ' ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award ▁as ▁the ▁world ' s ▁best ▁track ▁& ▁field ▁ath lete . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁Ry un ▁set ▁a ▁world ▁record ▁in ▁the ▁ind oor ▁half ▁mile ▁( 1 : 4 8 . 3 ) ▁and ▁the ▁out door ▁mile ▁from ▁( 3 : 5 1 . 1 ), ▁a ▁record ▁that ▁stood ▁for ▁almost ▁eight ▁years . ▁That ▁same ▁year ▁he ▁set ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁meters ▁( 3 : 3 3 . 1 ). ▁In ▁NCAA ▁competition , ▁Ry un ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁NCAA ▁out door ▁mile ▁champion . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁NCAA ▁ind oor ▁mile ▁champion ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 , |
▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁Ry un ▁still ▁holds ▁the ▁American ▁junior ▁( 1 9 ▁and ▁under ) ▁records ▁at ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁m ▁( 3 : 3 6 . 1 ), ▁one ▁mile ▁( 3 : 5 1 . 3 ), ▁and ▁two ▁miles ▁( 8 : 2 5 . 1 ). ▁His ▁American ▁junior ▁record ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 0 0 ▁meters ▁last ed ▁exactly ▁ 5 0 ▁years . ▁In ▁all , ▁he ▁broke ▁the ▁American ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁mile ▁four ▁times : ▁once ▁as ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁senior ▁( 3 : 5 5 . 3 ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ), ▁twice ▁as ▁a ▁college ▁fresh man ▁( 3 : 5 3 . 7 ▁on ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁ 3 : 5 1 . 3 ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ), ▁and ▁once ▁as ▁a ▁college ▁s oph om ore ▁( 3 : 5 1 . 1 ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ). ▁ ▁Ry un ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁At ▁age ▁ 1 7 ▁years , ▁ 1 3 7 ▁days ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁he ▁remains ▁the ▁young est ▁American ▁male ▁track ▁ath lete ▁to ▁ever ▁qual |
ify ▁for ▁the ▁Olympics . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁meters ▁in ▁Mexico ▁City , ▁losing ▁to ▁K ip ▁Ke ino ▁from ▁Ken ya , ▁whose ▁remarkable ▁race ▁remained ▁the ▁Olympic ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 - meter ▁record ▁for ▁ 1 6 ▁years . ▁Before ▁the ▁race , ▁Ry un ▁had ▁thought ▁that ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁ 3 : 3 9 ▁would ▁be ▁good ▁enough ▁to ▁win ▁in ▁the ▁high ▁alt itude ▁of ▁Mexico ▁City . ▁He ▁ended ▁up ▁running ▁faster ▁than ▁that ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 : 3 7 . 8 , ▁but ▁Ke ino ' s ▁ 3 : 3 4 . 9 ▁was ▁too ▁t ough ▁to ▁beat ▁at ▁that ▁alt itude . ▁Ke ino ▁moved ▁into ▁the ▁first ▁position ▁with ▁two ▁la ps ▁to ▁go ▁( 8 0 0 ▁meters ) ▁at ▁world ▁record ▁pace . ▁Ry un ▁continued ▁to ▁move ▁up ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁la ps ▁from ▁e ighth ▁to ▁second ▁but ▁was ▁never ▁closer ▁than ▁about ▁ 3 0 ▁yards ▁from ▁Ke ino . ▁Years ▁later , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁he ▁told ▁Tex ▁Mau le ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁for ▁The ▁Run ner ▁magazine , ▁" We ▁had ▁thought ▁that ▁ 3 : 3 9 ▁would ▁win ▁and ▁I ▁ran ▁under ▁that . ▁I ▁considered ▁it ▁like ▁winning ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ; ▁I ▁had ▁done ▁my ▁very ▁best ▁and ▁I ▁still ▁believe ▁I ▁would ▁have ▁won |
▁at ▁sea ▁level ." ▁Ry un ▁was ▁attacked ▁by ▁some ▁writers ▁who ▁believed ▁he ▁had ▁let ▁his ▁nation ▁down . ▁" Some ▁even ▁said ▁I ▁had ▁let ▁down ▁the ▁whole ▁world . ▁I ▁didn ' t ▁get ▁any ▁credit ▁for ▁running ▁my ▁best ▁and ▁no ▁one ▁seemed ▁to ▁realize ▁that ▁Ke ino ▁had ▁performed ▁br illi antly ." ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Mun ich , ▁Germany , ▁Games , ▁he ▁was ▁tri pped ▁and ▁fell ▁down ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 - meter ▁qual ifying ▁heat . ▁Although ▁the ▁International ▁Olympic ▁Committee ▁( IO C ) ▁acknowled ged ▁that ▁a ▁f oul ▁had ▁occurred , ▁U . S . ▁appe als ▁to ▁have ▁Ry un ▁re inst ated ▁in ▁the ▁competition ▁were ▁denied ▁by ▁the ▁IO C . ▁ ▁Ry un ' s ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 - meter ▁world ▁record , ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Memorial ▁Col ise um ▁during ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁vs . ▁British ▁Commonwealth ▁meet ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Ry un ' s ▁greatest ▁running ▁performances . ▁Track ▁and ▁Field ▁News ▁reported ▁that ▁" after ▁ 2 2 0 ▁yards ▁of ▁da wd ling , ▁a ▁record ▁seemed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁question ." ▁However , ▁after ▁ 4 4 0 ▁yards , ▁which ▁Ry un , ▁in ▁third , ▁passed ▁in ▁ 6 0 . 9 ▁seconds , ▁K ip ▁Ke ino ▁took ▁the ▁lead ▁and ▁ran ▁the ▁next ▁lap ▁in ▁ 5 |
6 ▁seconds ▁( the ▁fast est ▁second ▁lap ▁ever ▁run ▁at ▁the ▁time ). ▁Ry un , ▁just ▁behind , ▁passed ▁the ▁ 8 8 0 - yard ▁mark ▁in ▁ 1 : 5 7 . 0 . ▁At ▁ 1 , 3 2 0 ▁yards ▁the ▁two ▁were ▁side ▁by ▁side ▁in ▁ 2 : 5 5 . 0 . ▁Ry un ▁pulled ▁away ▁to ▁finish ▁in ▁ 3 : 3 3 . 1 , ▁a ▁record ▁that ▁stood ▁for ▁seven ▁years . ▁With ▁last ▁ 4 4 0 ▁yards ▁of ▁ 5 3 . 9 , ▁a ▁last ▁ 8 8 0 ▁yards ▁of ▁ 1 : 5 1 . 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁ 1 3 2 0 ▁yards ▁in ▁ 2 : 4 7 . 4 , ▁Cord ner ▁Nelson ▁of ▁Track ▁and ▁Field ▁News ▁called ▁it ▁" the ▁might iest ▁finishing ▁drive ▁ever ▁seen ," ▁and ▁said ▁of ▁Ry un ' s ▁performance , ▁" This ▁was ▁most ▁certainly ▁his ▁greatest ▁race ." ▁ ▁Ry un ' s ▁final ▁season ▁as ▁an ▁amateur ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁and ▁included ▁the ▁third - best ▁mile ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁( at ▁the ▁time , ▁the ▁third ▁fast est ▁in ▁history : ▁a ▁ 3 : 5 2 . 8 ▁at ▁Toronto , ▁Canada ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 9 ): ▁a ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 - meter ▁career ▁best ▁( 1 3 : 3 8 . 2 ▁at ▁B akers field , ▁CA ▁on |
▁May ▁ 2 0 ), ▁and ▁a ▁win ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁meters ▁at ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Olympic ▁Tri als . ▁He ▁left ▁amateur ▁athlet ics ▁after ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁years ▁ran ▁profession ally ▁on ▁the ▁International ▁Track ▁Association ▁circuit . ▁ ▁World ▁records ▁ ▁Notes : ▁Because ▁ 8 8 0 ▁yards ▁is ▁longer ▁than ▁ 8 0 0 ▁meters , ▁the ▁ 1 : 4 4 . 9 ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁an ▁estimated ▁en - route - time ▁at ▁ 8 0 0 ▁meters ▁of ▁ 1 : 4 4 . 3 , ▁which ▁equ aled ▁the ▁existing ▁ 8 0 0 ▁meters ▁world ▁record , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁rat ified ▁as ▁a ▁record ▁in ▁that ▁event . ▁The ▁ 8 8 0 ▁yards ▁mark ▁remained ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁American ▁record ▁until ▁broken ▁by ▁Rick ▁W ohl h uter ' s ▁ 1 . 4 4 . 6 ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁The ▁ 3 : 3 3 . 1 ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁meters ▁mark ▁remained ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁for ▁six ▁years ▁until ▁broken ▁by ▁T anz ania ' s ▁Fil bert ▁Bay i ' s ▁ 3 : 3 2 . 2 ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁The ▁ 3 : 5 1 . 1 - mile ▁mark ▁remained ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁for ▁eight ▁years ▁until ▁broken ▁by ▁Bay i ' s ▁ 3 : 5 1 . 0 |
▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁Athlet ic ▁awards ▁ ▁Track ▁& ▁Field ▁News ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award ▁for ▁both ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁& ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁the ▁first ▁ath lete ▁to ▁win ▁this ▁pr estig ious ▁award ▁two ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁Sports man ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁James ▁E . ▁S ull ivan ▁Award , ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁amateur ▁ath lete ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁ABC ▁W ide ▁World ▁of ▁Sports ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award ▁Jim ▁Ry un ' s ▁Track ▁& ▁Field ▁News ▁World ▁Rank ings : ▁▁ 8 0 0 m / 8 8 0 yd ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁▁ 1 5 0 0 m / M ile ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁– ▁ 7 ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁– ▁ 6 ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Ry un ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁National ▁Track ▁and ▁Field ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁into ▁the ▁National ▁Dist ance ▁Running ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Ry un ▁was ▁born |
▁in ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas . ▁He ▁now ▁lives ▁in ▁Lawrence , ▁though ▁he ▁was ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁roll ▁as ▁" R - To pe ka ." ▁He ▁also ▁own s ▁a ▁farm ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁County . ▁ ▁Ry un ▁met ▁his ▁wife , ▁Anne , ▁when ▁she ▁asked ▁him ▁for ▁an ▁aut ograph ▁after ▁he ▁broke ▁the ▁world ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁mile ▁in ▁Ber keley . ▁They ▁married ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁and ▁have ▁four ▁children ▁and ▁seven ▁grand children . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁sons , ▁Ned ▁Ry un ▁and ▁D rew , ▁have ▁co - author ed ▁three ▁books : ▁Hero es ▁Among ▁Us , ▁The ▁Cou rage ▁to ▁Run , ▁and ▁ ▁In ▁Qu est ▁of ▁Gold ▁– ▁The ▁Jim ▁Ry un ▁Story . ▁ ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁photo j ournal ism , ▁Ry un ▁moved ▁to ▁Eug ene , ▁Oregon ; ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁good ▁training ▁situation ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁track ▁career . ▁Six ▁months ▁later , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Santa ▁Barbara , ▁California , ▁where ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁remained ▁for ▁nine ▁years . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Lawrence ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁R ais ed ▁in ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁Christ , ▁Ry un ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁Grace ▁Evangel ical ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church ▁in ▁Lawrence . ▁ ▁Career ▁prior ▁to ▁election ▁to ▁Congress ▁Before ▁being ▁elected ▁to |
▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Ry un ▁had ▁operated ▁Jim ▁Ry un ▁Sports , ▁a ▁company ▁that ▁ran ▁sports ▁cam ps , ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁motiv ational ▁speaker ▁at ▁meet ings ▁of ▁corpor ations ▁and ▁Christian ▁groups ▁around ▁the ▁country . ▁Among ▁his ▁projects , ▁Ry un , ▁who ▁has ▁a ▁ 5 0 % ▁hearing ▁loss , ▁helped ▁the ▁Re Sound ▁H ear ing ▁A id ▁Company ▁develop ▁a ▁program ▁called ▁S ounds ▁of ▁Success , ▁aim ed ▁at ▁helping ▁children ▁with ▁hearing ▁loss . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁Ry un ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁have ▁hosted ▁running ▁cam ps ▁every ▁summer ▁for ▁prom ising ▁high ▁school ▁aged ▁run ners . ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁According ▁to ▁Ry un , ▁he ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁politics ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁plans ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁Congress ▁until ▁Tod d ▁T ia hr t ▁told ▁him ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁tor ch ▁relay ▁that ▁the ▁To pe ka - based ▁ 2 nd ▁District ▁would ▁have ▁a ▁vac ancy ▁and ▁suggested ▁that ▁he ▁run . ▁ ▁E lections ▁Ry un ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁fill ▁a ▁seat ▁vac ated ▁by ▁Republican ▁Sam ▁Brown back . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁three - person ▁Republican ▁primary ▁with ▁ 6 2 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote , ▁defe ating ▁former ▁To pe ka ▁mayor ▁Doug ▁Wright ▁and ▁Ch ery l ▁Brown ▁Hend erson , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁pla int |
iff ▁in ▁the ▁historic ▁Brown ▁v . ▁Board ▁of ▁Education ▁of ▁To pe ka ▁des eg reg ation ▁case . ▁In ▁the ▁general ▁campaign , ▁Ry un ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁tight ▁race ▁with ▁Dem ocrat ▁John ▁Fried en , ▁a ▁prominent ▁To pe ka ▁trial ▁att orney , ▁who ▁out sp ent ▁Ry un ▁$ 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁$ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁Ry un ▁won ▁that ▁contest ▁with ▁ 5 2 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁He ▁would ▁not ▁face ▁another ▁contest ▁nearly ▁that ▁close ▁for ▁almost ▁a ▁de cade ; ▁he ▁was ▁re elect ed ▁three ▁times ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁ 6 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Dem ocrat ▁Nancy ▁Boy da , ▁a ▁former ▁moder ate ▁Republican , ▁ran ▁a ▁campaign ▁with ▁sp ending ▁near ▁that ▁of ▁Ry un ' s , ▁$ 1 , 1 0 5 , 8 3 8 ▁( comp ared ▁to ▁Ry un ' s ▁$ 1 , 1 3 6 , 4 6 4 ). ▁Ry un ▁defeated ▁her ▁by ▁a ▁margin ▁of ▁ 5 5 % ▁to ▁ 4 2 %, ▁mainly ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁at op ▁the ▁ticket . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁election , ▁Boy da ▁was ▁again ▁the ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e , ▁with ▁Roger ▁T ucker ▁of ▁the ▁Reform ▁Party ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁ball ot |
. ▁Initial ly ▁expected ▁to ▁win , ▁Ry un ▁found ▁his ▁campaign ▁fal ter ing ▁as ▁internal ▁pol ling ▁for ▁both ▁his ▁campaign ▁and ▁Boy da ' s ▁revealed ▁Boy da ▁was ▁ahead . ▁In ▁response , ▁Ry un ' s ▁campaign ▁rec ru ited ▁both ▁President ▁Bush ▁and ▁Vice ▁President ▁Chen ey ▁to ▁visit ▁To pe ka ▁to ▁campaign ▁and ▁raise ▁campaign ▁funds ▁for ▁Ry un . ▁Ry un ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁an ▁ups et ▁by ▁Boy da , ▁ 5 1 % ▁to ▁ 4 7 %. ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Ry un ▁confirmed ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁run ▁for ▁his ▁old ▁seat . ▁In ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary , ▁he ▁faced ▁Kansas ▁State ▁Tre as urer ▁Lyn n ▁Jenkins , ▁a ▁slightly ▁more ▁moder ate ▁Republican ▁who ▁served ▁two ▁terms ▁as ▁State ▁Tre as urer , ▁a ▁partial ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Senate ▁and ▁two ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁Kansas ▁House . ▁Ry un ▁lost ▁to ▁Jenkins , ▁who ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁ 5 1 % ▁to ▁ 4 6 %. ▁ ▁Political ▁actions ▁Ry un ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Ar med ▁Services , ▁Bud get ▁and ▁Fin an cial ▁Services ▁comm itte es . ▁He ▁tal lied ▁a ▁mostly ▁conserv ative ▁voting ▁record . ▁ ▁Ry un ▁generally ▁supported ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ' s ▁legisl ative ▁ag enda , ▁voting ▁to ▁support ▁it ▁ 8 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁time , ▁average ▁for ▁a ▁House ▁member ▁who ▁was ▁from |
▁the ▁same ▁party ▁as ▁the ▁sitting ▁President . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁he ▁voted ▁against ▁the ▁$ 3 7 3 ▁billion ▁end - of - session ▁sp ending ▁bill ▁because ▁he ▁considered ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁cost ly ▁and ▁had ▁come ▁to ▁Congress ▁to ▁support ▁fis cal ▁rest raint . ▁ ▁Ry un ▁broke ▁with ▁the ▁President ▁over ▁two ▁major ▁initi atives , ▁No ▁Child ▁Left ▁Be hind ▁and ▁Medic are ▁reform ▁legisl ation ▁that ▁included ▁a ▁pres cription ▁drug ▁benefit . ▁In ▁voting ▁against ▁No ▁Child ▁Left ▁Be hind , ▁Ry un ▁said ▁he ▁believed ▁states ▁should ▁have ▁more ▁control ▁over ▁their ▁own ▁education ▁system . ▁In ▁oppos ing ▁the ▁Medic are ▁bill , ▁Ry un ▁said ▁the ▁bill ▁didn ' t ▁provide ▁enough ▁reform ▁to ▁keep ▁future ▁costs ▁from ▁so aring . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁National ▁Journal ▁r ated ▁Ry un ▁as ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁most ▁conserv ative ▁member ▁of ▁Congress . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Study ▁Committee , ▁a ▁c au cus ▁of ▁ 1 0 3 ▁f isc ally ▁and ▁soci ally ▁conserv ative ▁House ▁Republic ans . ▁ ▁Environment al ▁record ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Ry un ▁scored ▁ 0 ▁percent ▁on ▁the ▁Republic ans ▁for ▁Environment al ▁Prote ction ▁(" RE P ") ▁score card . ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 2 ▁issues ▁that ▁were ▁considered ▁by ▁the ▁RE P ▁to ▁be ▁critical ▁environmental ▁issues . ▁Jim ▁Ry un ▁voted ▁with ▁what |
▁the ▁RE P ▁would ▁consider ▁pro - environment ▁on ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁issues ▁voted ▁upon . ▁These ▁issues ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁dr illing ▁of ▁oil ▁and ▁natural ▁gas , ▁Congress man ▁Richard ▁Pom bo ' s ▁bill ▁designed ▁to ▁weak en ▁the ▁End anger ed ▁Species ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁an ▁am end ment ▁to ▁the ▁Energy ▁Policy ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁by ▁Congress w oman ▁Lo is ▁C apps ▁to ▁remove ▁section ▁ 1 5 0 2 , ▁a ▁provision ▁that ▁would ▁provide ▁li ability ▁protection ▁for ▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁the ▁gas oline ▁add itive ▁M T BE , ▁and ▁the ▁movement ▁to ▁increase ▁fuel ▁economy ▁standards . ▁ ▁Ry un ▁also ▁scored ▁a ▁ 0 ▁on ▁League ▁of ▁Conserv ation ▁V ot ers ' s ▁(" LC V ") ▁score card . ▁Many ▁of ▁RE P ' s ▁critical ▁issues ▁were ▁present ▁on ▁the ▁score card . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Ry un ▁improved ▁his ▁RE P ▁score card ▁when ▁he ▁voted ▁pro - environment ▁on ▁ 2 ▁of ▁ 7 ▁critical ▁issues . ▁This ▁earned ▁him ▁a ▁ 1 7 ▁percent . ▁He ▁voted ▁to ▁help ▁reduce ▁the ▁impact ▁the ▁Army ▁Corps ▁of ▁Engine ers ▁had ▁on ▁the ▁environment . ▁The ▁issues ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁voted ▁against ▁the ▁RE P ▁were ▁ones ▁involving ▁oil ▁dr illing ▁in ▁the ▁Ar ctic ▁National ▁Wild life ▁Ref uge , ▁renew able ▁resource ▁programs , ▁and ▁the ▁movement ▁to ▁end ▁debate |
▁and ▁accept ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Energy ▁Security ▁Act . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁ ▁Town house ▁purchase ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Ry un ▁bought ▁a ▁town house ▁in ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Columbia ▁from ▁U . S . ▁Family ▁Network ▁for ▁$ 4 1 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁town house ▁had ▁been ▁purchased ▁about ▁two ▁years ▁earlier , ▁for ▁$ 4 2 9 , 0 0 0 , ▁to ▁house ▁Ed ▁Buck ham ' s ▁consult ing ▁firm ▁Alexander ▁Str ategy ▁Group ▁and ▁Tom ▁De L ay ' s ▁AR MP AC . ▁ ▁After ▁questions ▁were ▁raised ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁purchase ▁of ▁Ry un ' s ▁town home , ▁his ▁office ▁released ▁official ▁documents ▁showing ▁that ▁Ry un ▁paid ▁$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁tax ▁ass essed ▁value ▁of ▁the ▁house , ▁that ▁he ▁put ▁another ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁into ▁house ▁rep airs ▁and ▁that ▁another ▁home ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁block ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁$ 4 0 9 , 0 0 0 ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁he ▁bought ▁his ▁home . ▁According ▁to ▁property ▁records , ▁the ▁other ▁home ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁gar age ▁or ▁a ▁back ▁pat io ▁and ▁is ▁on ▁a ▁land ▁area ▁about ▁half ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁Ry un ' s . ▁It ▁was ▁ass essed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁as ▁worth ▁$ 5 2 8 , 0 |
0 0 , ▁compared ▁to ▁$ 7 6 4 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁Ry un ' s ▁home . ▁In ▁contrast , ▁homes ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁from ▁Ry un ' s ▁were ▁sold ▁for ▁over ▁$ 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Connection ▁to ▁Mark ▁F ole y ▁After ▁Rep . ▁Mark ▁F ole y ▁res igned ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁following ▁revel ations ▁he ▁had ▁sent ▁sex ually ▁explicit ▁e - mail s ▁to ▁te en age ▁con gression al ▁pages , ▁Ry un ▁cont ended ▁that ▁he ▁bare ly ▁knew ▁F ole y , ▁had ▁never ▁spent ▁time ▁with ▁him ▁and ▁was ▁una ware ▁that ▁they ▁lived ▁directly ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁from ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁" I ▁know ▁that ▁[ we ▁were ▁neighb ors ] ▁only ▁because ▁somebody ▁has ▁mentioned ▁that , ▁too , ▁already ," ▁he ▁told ▁rep or ters ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁However , ▁it ▁was ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁Ry un ▁and ▁F ole y ▁had ▁hosted ▁a ▁joint ▁fund ra iser ▁on ▁their ▁street ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁called ▁the ▁" D ▁Street ▁Block ▁Party ." ▁An ▁inv itation ▁to ▁the ▁fund ra iser ▁included ▁side - by - side ▁pictures ▁of ▁Ry un ▁and ▁F ole y . ▁Ry un ' s ▁campaign ▁manager ▁later ▁said ▁that ▁Ry un ▁had ▁always ▁known ▁he ▁was ▁F ole y ' s ▁neighbor . ▁ ▁References ▁ |
▁External ▁links ▁ ▁National ▁Track ▁& ▁Field ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁entry ▁Kansas ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁entry ▁ ▁Category : American ▁male ▁middle - distance ▁run ners ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : James ▁E . ▁S ull ivan ▁Award ▁recip ients ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁athlet es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁Kansas ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas ▁Category : K ansas ▁Jay h aw ks ▁men ' s ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁athlet es ▁Category : American ▁ath lete - polit icians ▁Category : World ▁record ▁set ters ▁in ▁athlet ics ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁Category : American ▁Pres by ter ians ▁Category : American ▁evangel ical s ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : K ansas ▁Republic ans ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 |
8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : Track ▁& ▁Field ▁News ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁w inners <0x0A> </s> ▁Take ▁Two ▁or ▁Take ▁ 2 ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Media ▁ ▁Take - Two ▁Inter active , ▁a ▁video ▁game ▁publish er ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( The ▁Price ▁Is ▁Right ), ▁a ▁segment ▁game ▁on ▁the ▁American ▁TV ▁game ▁show ▁The ▁Price ▁is ▁Right ▁ ▁The ▁Princess ▁Di aries : ▁Take ▁Two , ▁a ▁book ▁by ▁Meg ▁Cab ot ▁ ▁" Take ▁Two ", ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁upgrade ▁to ▁the ▁Apple ▁TV ▁digital ▁media ▁receiver ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( nov el ), ▁a ▁novel ▁by ▁Julia ▁De V ill ers ▁and ▁Jenn ifer ▁Roy ▁ ▁Film ▁and ▁television ▁ ▁Take ▁Two , ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁film ▁st arring ▁Frank ▁St all one ▁ ▁Take ▁ 2 ▁( film ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Ivan ▁Ho ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( TV ▁series ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁ ▁Music ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( Mar vin ▁G aye ▁and ▁Kim ▁West on ▁album ), ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( EP ), ▁an ▁EP ▁by ▁Brad ▁Cor rig an ▁( Br add igan ) ▁ ▁Take ▁Two ▁( Rob son ▁& ▁Jer ome ▁album ), ▁ 1 9 9 6 |
▁ ▁Take ▁Two , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁compilation ▁album ▁by ▁New ▁R iders ▁of ▁the ▁Pur ple ▁S age ▁and ▁P oco ▁ ▁Other ▁ ▁Take ▁Two , ▁a ▁variant ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁game ▁Sc rab ble ▁ ▁Take ▁ 2 : ▁The ▁Student ' s ▁Point ▁of ▁View , ▁an ▁educational ▁organization ▁founded ▁by ▁Kar in ▁M ull er ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁It ▁T akes ▁Two ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Take ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Take ▁One ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let ▁( Cam pt ost oma ▁ob so let um ) ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁passer ine ▁bird ▁in ▁the ▁t yr ant ▁fly catch er ▁family . ▁It ▁bre eds ▁from ▁Costa ▁Rica ▁through ▁South ▁America ▁south ▁to ▁Par agu ay , ▁Boliv ia , ▁and ▁Argentina . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let ▁is ▁ ▁long , ▁we igh s ▁ ▁and ▁often ▁res emb les ▁a ▁tiny ▁yellow - bel lied ▁ela enia . ▁The ▁head ▁is ▁dark ▁brown ▁or ▁grey ▁with ▁an ▁ere ct ile ▁cr est ▁and ▁pale ▁super cil ium . ▁The ▁upper parts ▁are ▁grey - green ▁becoming ▁pal er ▁on ▁the ▁r ump . ▁The ▁wings ▁are ▁brown ▁with ▁yellow ▁fe ather - ed ging ▁and ▁two ▁wh it ish , ▁yellow ish ▁or ▁c inn am on ▁wing ▁bars . ▁The ▁tail , ▁which ▁regularly ▁is ▁held ▁co ck ed , ▁is ▁brown , ▁the |
▁thro at ▁grey , ▁the ▁breast ▁yellow ish , ▁and ▁the ▁ab d omen ▁yellow . ▁The ▁bill ▁is ▁black , ▁but ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁mand ible ▁is ▁pale . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁from ▁hum id ▁regions ▁( e . g . ▁the ▁Amazon ▁bas in ) ▁are ▁generally ▁gre ener ▁with ▁pure ▁yellow ▁bel lies , ▁while ▁sub species ▁of ▁d rier ▁regions ▁( e . g . ▁eastern ▁Brazil ▁and ▁western ▁E cuador ) ▁generally ▁are ▁gre yer ▁with ▁d ull er ▁bel lies . ▁ ▁The ▁sub species ▁C . ▁o . ▁v enez uel ae ▁occurs ▁only ▁in ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Venezuela , ▁and ▁is ▁well ▁distinct ▁in ▁pl um age ▁tone . ▁ ▁The ▁call ▁is ▁a ▁loud ▁wh ist led ▁. ▁In ▁court ship , ▁the ▁cr ests ▁are ▁raised , ▁the ▁tail ▁f lick ed , ▁and ▁an ▁excited ▁mixture ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁call ▁and ▁a ▁ch urr ing ▁ ▁is ▁given . ▁ ▁Sex es ▁are ▁similar , ▁and ▁this ▁species ▁always ▁appears ▁br ighter , ▁especially ▁with ▁regard ▁to ▁the ▁wing ▁bars , ▁than ▁the ▁closely ▁related ▁northern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let ▁( C . ▁im ber be ), ▁with ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁once ▁considered ▁cons pec ific . ▁However , ▁the ▁two ▁forms ▁overlap ▁without ▁inter bre eding ▁in ▁central ▁Costa ▁Rica . ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁This ▁species ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁light ▁for ests , ▁cultiv ation , ▁gard ens ▁with ▁trees ▁and ▁dry |
▁c err ado ▁sav anna . ▁Southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu lets ▁are ▁active ▁birds , ▁feed ing ▁in ▁a ▁v ire o - ▁or ▁war b ler - like ▁fashion ▁on ▁insect s , ▁sp iders ▁and ▁ber ries . ▁Animal ▁pre y ▁is ▁either ▁picked ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁air ▁or ▁off ▁plants ▁with ▁a ▁dedicated ▁s ally ▁flight , ▁or ▁g lean ed ▁from ▁veget ation . ▁F ruit , ▁e . g . ▁from ▁Al chor nea ▁g land ul osa , ▁are ▁typically ▁picked ▁off ▁when ▁per ched ▁or ▁during ▁hover ing ▁flight . ▁This ▁species ▁will ▁readily ▁mob ▁small ▁pred ators ▁like ▁the ▁fer ru gin ous ▁pyg my ▁ow l ▁( G la uc id ium ▁bras ilian um ). ▁It ▁tends ▁to ▁keep ▁on ▁its ▁own ▁except ▁during ▁the ▁bre eding ▁season , ▁and ▁rarely ▁joins ▁mixed - species ▁feed ing ▁f lock s . ▁ ▁The ▁dom ed ▁nest ▁is ▁made ▁of ▁plant ▁fib re ▁or ▁leaves ▁with ▁a ▁side ▁entrance . ▁The ▁nest ▁is ▁placed ▁by ▁a ▁tree ▁fork , ▁usually ▁near ▁a ▁was p ▁nest , ▁which ▁pres umably ▁provides ▁some ▁protection ▁from ▁pred ators . ▁The ▁typical ▁cl utch ▁is ▁two ▁white ▁eggs , ▁which ▁are ▁marked ▁with ▁r uf ous ▁and ▁l il ac ▁mostly ▁at ▁the ▁larger ▁end . ▁Inc ub ation ▁by ▁the ▁female ▁is ▁ 1 4 – 1 5 ▁days ▁to ▁h atch ing , ▁with ▁another ▁ 1 7 ▁days ▁to ▁fled ging . |
▁ ▁As ▁it ▁ranges ▁so ▁widely , ▁this ▁bird ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁least ▁concern ▁by ▁the ▁IU CN . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁de ▁A . ▁Gabriel , ▁V agner ▁& ▁P izo , ▁Marco ▁A . ▁( 2 0 0 5 ): ▁For aging ▁behavior ▁of ▁t yr ant ▁fly catch ers ▁( A ves , ▁Ty ran n idae ) ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁Rev ista ▁Brasile ira ▁de ▁Zo ologia ▁ 2 2 ( 4 ): ▁ 1 0 7 2 – 1 0 7 7 ▁[ English ▁with ▁Portuguese ▁abstract ]. ▁ ▁PDF ▁full text ▁ ▁ff rench , ▁Richard ; ▁O ' Ne ill , ▁John ▁Pat ton ▁& ▁E ck el berry , ▁Don ▁R . ▁( 1 9 9 1 ): ▁A ▁guide ▁to ▁the ▁birds ▁of ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁( 2 nd ▁edition ). ▁Com stock ▁Publishing , ▁I th aca , ▁N . Y . ▁▁ ▁Hil ty , ▁Steven ▁L . ▁( 2 0 0 3 ): ▁Bird s ▁of ▁Venezuela . ▁Christopher ▁Hel m , ▁London . ▁▁ ▁P asc otto , ▁M ár cia ▁Crist ina ▁( 2 0 0 6 ): ▁Av ifa una ▁dispers ora ▁de ▁s ement es ▁de ▁Al chor nea ▁g land ul osa ▁( E u ph orb ia ceae ) ▁em ▁uma ▁área ▁de ▁m ata ▁c ili ar ▁no ▁estado ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo ▁[ Se ed ▁dispers al ▁of ▁Al chor nea ▁g land ul osa ▁( E |
u ph orb ia ceae ) ▁by ▁birds ▁in ▁a ▁gallery ▁forest ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁sout he astern ▁Brazil . ]. ▁Rev ista ▁Brasile ira ▁de ▁Or nit ologia ▁ 1 4 ▁( 3 ): ▁ 2 9 1 – 2 9 6 ▁[ Port ug uese ▁with ▁English ▁abstract ]. ▁PDF ▁full text ▁ ▁R ag usa - Net to , ▁J . ▁( 2 0 0 0 ): ▁R apt ors ▁and ▁" cam po - cer rado " ▁bird ▁mixed ▁f lock ▁led ▁by ▁Cy ps n ag ra ▁h ir und in ace a ▁( Em ber iz idae : ▁Th ra up inae ). ▁Rev ista ▁Brasile ira ▁de ▁Bi ologia ▁ 6 0 ▁( 3 ): ▁ 4 6 1 – 4 6 7 ▁[ English ▁with ▁Portuguese ▁abstract ]. ▁ ▁PDF ▁full text ▁ ▁St iles , ▁F . ▁Gary ▁& ▁Sk utch , ▁Alexander ▁Frank ▁( 1 9 8 9 ): ▁A ▁guide ▁to ▁the ▁birds ▁of ▁Costa ▁Rica . ▁Com ist ock , ▁I th aca . ▁< ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let ▁photo ▁gallery ▁VI RE O ▁Ph oto - High ▁Res ▁ ▁southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁Costa ▁Rica ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁Pan ama ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁South ▁America ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁southern ▁be ard less ▁ty ran nu let <0x0A> |
</s> ▁The ▁Morgan ▁State ▁B ears ▁football ▁team ▁compet es ▁in ▁American ▁football ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁Morgan ▁State ▁University . ▁The ▁B ears ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁Football ▁Championship ▁Sub div ision , ▁currently ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Mid - E astern ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁( ME AC ). ▁The ▁B ears ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Hugh es ▁Stadium , ▁a ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁seat ▁facility ▁in ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland . ▁ ▁Morgan ▁State ▁began ▁playing ▁football ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 , ▁ 3 1 ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁founded . ▁ ▁The ▁team ' s ▁all - time ▁record ▁is ▁ 4 0 5 ▁wins , ▁ 3 7 9 ▁losses ▁and ▁ 3 8 ▁t ies . ▁ 1 7 3 ▁of ▁those ▁wins ▁came ▁between ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁when ▁Edward ▁P . ▁H urt ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁and ▁the ▁B ears ▁won ▁ 1 4 ▁Central ▁Inter col leg iate ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( CI AA ) ▁champion ships . ▁Earl ▁B anks ▁won ▁four ▁CI AA ▁champion ships ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁an ▁additional ▁championship ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁after ▁Morgan ▁entered ▁the ▁ME AC . ▁The ▁B ears ▁have ▁won ▁three ▁ME AC ▁Championships ▁( 1 9 7 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 ). ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Class ifications ▁ 1 |
9 5 0 – 1 9 7 2 : ▁NCAA ▁College ▁Division ▁ 1 9 5 5 – 1 9 6 5 : ▁NA IA ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 1 9 8 4 : ▁NA IA ▁Division ▁I ▁ 1 9 7 3 – 1 9 8 5 : ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁II ▁ 1 9 8 6 – present : ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I – AA / FC S ▁ ▁Conference ▁members hips ▁ 1 8 9 9 – 1 9 2 8 : ▁Independent ▁ 1 9 2 9 – 1 9 7 0 : ▁Central ▁Inter col leg iate ▁Athletics ▁Association ▁ 1 9 7 1 – 1 9 7 8 : ▁Mid - E astern ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 1 9 8 3 : ▁Division ▁II ▁Independent ▁ 1 9 8 4 – present : ▁Mid - E astern ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁ ▁Historic ▁first ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁Morgan ▁State ▁played ▁Gr amb ling ▁State ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁American ▁college ▁football ▁game ▁in ▁Asia . ▁ ▁Morgan ▁State ▁lost ▁ 4 2 – 1 6 ▁in ▁Tokyo , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Championships ▁ ▁Riv als ▁Morgan ▁State ▁and ▁Howard ▁University ▁are ▁historic ▁riv als . ▁ ▁Tow son ▁University ▁and ▁Morgan ▁State ▁share ▁a ▁rival ry ▁called ▁The ▁Battle ▁for ▁Gre ater ▁Baltimore . ▁ ▁Play off ▁appearances ▁Morgan ▁State ▁has ▁made ▁one ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁FC S ▁play offs . ▁ ▁Co aches ▁ ▁Edd ie ▁H urt ▁era ▁Co |
ach ▁Edd ie ▁P . ▁H urt ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁Morgan ▁B ears ▁football ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁his ▁teams ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 ▁CI AA ▁champion ships ▁they ▁would ▁win ▁with ▁him ▁at ▁the ▁hel m . ▁More ▁important ly , ▁H urt , ▁and ▁his ▁assistant ▁coach ▁Tal mad ge ▁L . ▁Hill , ▁built ▁a ▁program ▁that ▁allowed ▁black ▁athlet es ▁to ▁show ▁case ▁their ▁tal ents ▁where ▁such ▁a ▁ven ue ▁had ▁been ▁non - ex istent ▁before . ▁From ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁H urt ▁co ached ▁the ▁B ears ▁to ▁a ▁ 5 4 - game ▁win ▁stre ak ▁without ▁a ▁single ▁loss . ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure , ▁Morgan ' s ▁football ▁teams ▁completed ▁ 1 1 ▁seasons ▁und efe ated ▁and , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁season , ▁oppon ents ▁failed ▁to ▁score ▁a ▁single ▁point ▁against ▁the ▁B ears . ▁H urt ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁H BC U ▁coach es ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁ ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Morgan ▁named ▁its ▁new ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁g ymnasium ▁facility ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁Earl ▁" P apa ▁Bear " ▁B anks ▁era ▁Earl ▁B anks ▁succeeded ▁H urt ▁and ▁took ▁Morgan ▁football ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁level . ▁B anks ▁was ▁the ▁Head ▁coach ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁He |
▁co ached ▁the ▁B ears ▁to ▁a ▁ 3 1 - game ▁winning ▁stre ak , ▁three ▁un be aten ▁regular ▁seasons , ▁four ▁CI AA ▁titles , ▁a ▁ME AC ▁championship , ▁and ▁four ▁bow l ▁games . ▁Tw ice ▁during ▁his ▁ten ure , ▁Morgan ▁led ▁the ▁nation ▁in ▁total ▁defense . ▁▁ 3 5 ▁of ▁Bank ' s ▁players ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁NFL , ▁including ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fam ers ▁L ero y ▁Kelly ▁and ▁Will ie ▁Lan ier ; ▁two ▁more ▁players ▁played ▁professional ▁ball ▁in ▁the ▁C FL . ▁B anks ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁five ▁sports ▁H alls ▁of ▁Fame ▁including ▁the ▁College ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁Modern ▁era ▁Two ▁Co aches ▁have ▁had ▁winning ▁records ▁at ▁Morgan ▁since ▁the ▁departure ▁of ▁B anks ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁season . ▁The ▁B ears ▁had ▁suffered ▁ 2 3 ▁straight ▁seasons ▁with ▁a ▁losing ▁record ▁until ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁former ▁Co ach ▁Donald ▁Hill - E ley ▁whose ▁first ▁team ▁had ▁a ▁ 7 – 5 ▁record ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁season . ▁Lee ▁H ull ▁was ▁named ▁head ▁coach ▁on ▁January ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁his ▁first ▁team ▁went ▁ 7 – 5 ▁and ▁won ▁a ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁ME AC ▁championship ▁and ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁NCAA ▁FC S ▁Play offs . ▁ ▁Notable ▁al umn i ▁Fif ty ▁two |
▁former ▁Morgan ▁players ▁have ▁gone ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁professional ▁football . ▁Th irty ▁eight ▁players ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁NFL , ▁eight ▁to ▁the ▁C FL , ▁three ▁to ▁the ▁W FL ▁and ▁one ▁each ▁to ▁the ▁A AF C , ▁the ▁Arena ▁Football ▁League ▁and ▁the ▁A I FA . ▁At ▁least ▁one ▁player ▁has ▁gone ▁to ▁the ▁NFL ▁every ▁de cade ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁from ▁Morgan ▁State . ▁ ▁Form er ▁Morgan ▁B ears ▁Len ▁Ford , ▁L ero y ▁Kelly , ▁Will ie ▁Lan ier ▁and ▁Rose y ▁Brown ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Pro ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁C anton , ▁Ohio . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁black ▁college ▁football ▁class ics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁Character ▁Law ▁is ▁a ▁supp lement ▁published ▁by ▁Iron ▁Crown ▁Enter pr ises ▁( ICE ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁for ▁the ▁fant asy ▁role - play ing ▁game ▁Ro lem aster . ▁ ▁Public ation ▁history ▁Character ▁Law , ▁a ▁ 4 8 - page ▁soft cover ▁book ▁written ▁by ▁S . ▁Cole man ▁Char l ton ▁and ▁Peter ▁C . ▁Fen lon ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Iron ▁Crown ▁Enter pr ises ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁is ▁the ▁original ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Ro lem aster ▁character ▁generation ▁and ▁development ▁rules . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁book ▁Design ers ▁& ▁Drag ons : ▁The ▁' 8 0 s , ▁author ▁Sh annon ▁Apple cl |
ine ▁related ▁that ▁after ▁publishing ▁several ▁other ▁rule books , ▁" Fin ally , ▁I CE ▁produced ▁Character ▁Law ▁( 1 9 8 2 ), ▁a ▁book ▁that ▁provided ▁character ▁creation ▁rules . ▁It ▁tied ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁four ▁books ▁into ▁a ▁( some what ) ▁coh es ive ▁whole , ▁as ▁was ▁shown ▁when ▁Sp ell ▁Law , ▁Ar ms ▁Law , ▁Cla w ▁Law , ▁and ▁Character ▁Law ▁were ▁repr int ed ▁as ▁a ▁box ed ▁set ▁called ▁Ro lem aster ▁( 1 9 8 2 ). ▁▁ ▁A ▁second ▁edition ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁Cont ents ▁ ▁Character ▁generation ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁ed itions ▁of ▁this ▁book , ▁there ▁are ▁nin ete en ▁different ▁character ▁classes ▁available ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁further ▁custom ized ▁according ▁to ▁sp ells ▁and ▁race ▁chosen . ▁▁ ▁The ▁player ▁starts ▁by ▁rolling ▁percent ile ▁die ▁ten ▁times , ▁then ▁assign s ▁these ▁scores ▁to ▁the ▁ten ▁character ▁ab ilities . ▁The ▁player ▁then ▁pick s ▁a ▁race , ▁applying ▁ra cial ▁bon uses ▁to ▁the ▁appropriate ▁scores , ▁and ▁cho oses ▁a ▁character ▁class . ▁If ▁the ▁two ▁primary ▁ab ilities ▁for ▁the ▁character ▁class ▁chosen ▁are ▁not ▁already ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 , ▁the ▁player ▁ra ises ▁them ▁to ▁ 9 0 . ▁Every ▁character ▁in ▁Ro lem aster ▁starts ▁at ▁ 3 rd ▁level , ▁so ▁the ▁player ▁must ▁decide ▁how ▁to ▁design ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁levels ▁to ▁simulate ▁the ▁character ' s ▁experiences |
▁thus ▁far . ▁ ▁Character ▁adv ancement ▁Character ▁gain ▁experience ▁points ▁for ▁killing ▁oppon ents , ▁inf lic ting ▁and ▁receiving ▁d m age ▁during ▁combat , ▁casting ▁sp ells , ▁executing ▁unusual ▁or ▁difficult ▁tasks , ▁having ▁a ▁religious ▁experience , ▁travel , ▁and ▁dying . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁character ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁granted ▁" idea ▁points " ▁if ▁the ▁character ' s ▁idea ▁or ▁plan ▁was ▁successfully ▁executed ▁by ▁the ▁entire ▁party . ▁▁ ▁Un like ▁other ▁role - play ing ▁systems ▁where ▁a ▁character ' s ▁skills ▁are ▁all ▁raised ▁when ▁a ▁level ▁is ▁gained , ▁in ▁the ▁Ro lem aster ▁system , ▁only ▁a ▁limited ▁number ▁of ▁skills ▁can ▁be ▁increased ▁at ▁each ▁level ; ▁the ▁player ▁dec ides ▁which ▁skills ▁will ▁improve . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁In ▁the ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁edition ▁of ▁Dragon ▁( I ss ue ▁# 8 8 ), ▁although ▁Ar len ▁Walker ▁liked ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁move ▁randomly ▁generated ▁ability ▁scores ▁around ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁most ▁benef icial ▁results ▁for ▁the ▁character ▁class ▁sought , ▁he ▁disag re ed ▁with ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁raising ▁two ▁character ▁class ▁ab ilities ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 0 ▁if ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁already ▁ 9 0 ▁or ▁better . ▁Walker ▁felt ▁this ▁created ▁a ▁mon och rome ▁cast ▁of ▁characters ▁and ▁non - player ▁characters . ▁Walker ▁liked ▁the ▁different ▁ways ▁that ▁characters ▁could ▁gain ▁experience ▁points , ▁such ▁as ▁travel , ▁having ▁religious ▁experiences ▁such ▁as ▁vis ions , ▁and ▁for ▁coming ▁up |
▁with ▁a ▁brilliant ▁idea ▁— ▁although ▁he ▁thought ▁this ▁one ▁would ▁probably ▁lead ▁to ▁arguments ▁over ▁which ▁player ▁had ▁originally ▁vo iced ▁the ▁germ ▁of ▁the ▁idea . ▁But ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁like ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁characters ▁get ▁experience ▁points ▁for ▁dying , ▁which ▁he ▁found ▁" diff icult ▁to ▁sw allow ." ▁He ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁this ▁could ▁lead ▁to ▁some ▁uns av our y ▁games mans hip : ▁" If ▁your ▁character ▁dies ▁and ▁is ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁life , ▁he ▁gets ▁experience ▁points ▁equal ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁kill ▁value . ▁Yet , ▁if ▁the ▁character ▁is ▁mi rac ul ously ▁sn atch ed ▁back ▁from ▁the ▁br ink ▁by ▁an ▁her b ▁or ▁he aling ▁spell , ▁he ▁gets ▁only ▁half ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁points . ▁This ▁could ▁conce iv ably ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁campaign ▁in ▁which ▁characters ▁would ▁literally ▁be ▁dying ▁to ▁gain ▁levels ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Role master ▁supp lement s <0x0A> </s> ▁Beng asi ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁Italian ▁war ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁August o ▁Gen ina ▁and ▁st arring ▁F os co ▁Gia ch etti , ▁Maria ▁von ▁Tas n ady ▁and ▁Am ede o ▁N azz ari . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁shot ▁at ▁C ine c itt à ▁in ▁Rome . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁propag anda ▁work , ▁designed ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁regime ▁of ▁Ben ito ▁M uss ol ini . ▁It ▁port ray s ▁Al lied ▁at roc ities ▁in ▁" B |
eng asi ▁Italiana ", ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁a ▁pe asant ▁by ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁d run ken ▁Australian ▁soldiers . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁presented ▁at ▁the ▁Ven ice ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁M uss ol ini ▁Cup ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁Italian ▁film ▁while ▁F os co ▁Gia ch etti ▁won ▁the ▁best ▁actor ▁award . ▁It ▁proved ▁popular ▁with ▁aud ien ces , ▁and ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁with ▁some ▁new ▁scenes ▁added . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁when ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Beng h azi ▁in ▁Italian - ru led ▁Lib ya ▁was ▁occupied ▁by ▁British ▁forces . ▁Italian ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁Beng h azi ▁work ▁to ▁resist ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁discover ▁their ▁military ▁plans . ▁One ▁man , ▁Captain ▁En rico ▁Bert i , ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁collabor ating ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁but ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁working ▁under cover ▁for ▁Italian ▁intelligence . ▁The ▁film ▁ends ▁with ▁the ▁city ▁being ▁re capt ured ▁by ▁Italian ▁troops ▁and ▁their ▁Naz i ▁German ▁al lies . ▁ ▁Main ▁cast ▁ ▁F os co ▁Gia ch etti ▁as ▁Il ▁capit ano ▁En rico ▁Bert i ▁▁ ▁Maria ▁De ▁Tas n ady ▁as ▁Car la ▁Bert i ▁ ▁Am ede o ▁N azz ari ▁as ▁Fil ipp o ▁Col le oni ▁▁ ▁V ivi ▁G io i ▁as ▁Giul iana ▁▁ ▁Gu ido ▁Not ari ▁as ▁Il ▁pod est à ▁italiano ▁a |
▁Beng asi ▁▁ ▁Carlo ▁Tam ber l ani ▁as ▁Giovanni ▁Gal ass i ▁▁ ▁Leo ▁Gar av aglia ▁as ▁Il ▁d ott or ▁Mal p ini ▁▁ ▁Laura ▁Red i ▁as ▁Maria ▁det ta ▁' F anny ' ▁▁ ▁F ede le ▁Gent ile ▁as ▁Antonio ▁▁ ▁Am elia ▁B iss i ▁as ▁La ▁madre ▁di ▁Giovanni ▁▁ ▁Giorg io ▁Cost ant ini ▁as ▁Il ▁generale ▁Robert son ▁▁ ▁G ug li el mo ▁Sin az ▁as ▁Tro pe oli ▁▁ ▁Carlo ▁D use ▁as ▁Il ▁capit ano ▁Mar chi ▁▁ ▁Pier ▁Giorg io ▁Hel ic zer ▁as ▁Sand r ino ▁Bert i ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁And all , ▁Jac qu eline , ▁Dun ca , ▁D erek . ▁Italian ▁Col onial ism : ▁Leg acy ▁and ▁Memory . ▁Peter ▁Lang , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁G undle , ▁Stephen . ▁M uss ol ini ' s ▁Dream ▁Factory : ▁Film ▁St ard om ▁in ▁F asc ist ▁Italy . ▁Berg h ahn ▁Books , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sum mary ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁war ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian ▁war ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Lib ya ▁Category : N orth ▁African ▁Camp aign ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁August o ▁Gen ina ▁Category : Ital ian ▁black - and - white |
▁films ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁propag anda ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Kenneth ▁Walter ▁" K on nie " ▁Konst am ▁( born ▁Adolf ▁Walter ▁Konst am ; ▁ 2 5 ▁February ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁– ▁ 2 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁international ▁bridge ▁player ▁who ▁won ▁seven ▁international ▁titles . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁he ▁played ▁on ▁the ▁only ▁Great ▁Britain ▁team ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁B erm uda ▁Bowl ▁( the ▁world ▁championship ) ▁and ▁he ▁won ▁more ▁European ▁Bridge ▁League ▁open ▁ ▁champion ships ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁British ▁player . ▁ ▁Konst am , ▁educated ▁at ▁O undle ▁School , ▁was ▁employed ▁for ▁a ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁stock bro ker ▁in ▁the ▁London ▁Stock ▁Exchange . ▁He ▁was ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁an ▁executive ▁of ▁the ▁De ▁La ▁R ue ▁company , ▁which ▁made ▁playing ▁cards , ▁post age ▁st amps ▁and ▁bank notes ▁( the ▁playing ▁card ▁business ▁was ▁eventually ▁sold ▁to ▁W adding tons ). ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁reaching ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Major . ▁His ▁fl uent ▁French ▁qualified ▁him ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁L ia ison ▁Officer ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Army ▁after ▁D - Day . ▁ ▁Bridge ▁career ▁ ▁Konst am ▁was ▁a ▁key ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁London - based ▁Great ▁Britain ▁bridge ▁team ▁which ▁won ▁the ▁B erm uda ▁Bowl ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁the ▁first ▁occasion ▁a ▁European ▁team ▁had ▁be aten ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in |
▁this ▁competition , ▁and ▁the ▁only ▁victory ▁for ▁a ▁British ▁team ▁in ▁this , ▁the ▁world ▁championship ▁for ▁teams ▁of ▁four . ▁His ▁main ▁partner ▁in ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁Les lie ▁D od ds . ▁Konst am ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Ram sey ▁that ▁year ▁as ▁" about ▁the ▁best ▁p rag m atic ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁game ▁today ". ▁His ▁b idd ing ▁and ▁play ▁was ▁rapid ▁and ▁direct ▁in ▁style ; ▁he ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁b idd ing ▁border line ▁games , ▁and ▁for ▁his ▁ac ute ▁tact ical ▁aw aren ess ▁at ▁the ▁table . ▁ ▁Konst am ▁also ▁represented ▁Great ▁Britain ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Championship ▁ 1 9 3 7 ; ▁the ▁B erm uda ▁Bowl ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ; ▁the ▁World ▁Olymp i ad ▁ 1 9 6 4 ; ▁and ▁the ▁European ▁Championship ▁ 1 2 ▁times ▁( a ▁record ), ▁winning ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁( the ▁first ▁six ▁of ▁Britain ' s ▁seven ▁wins ). ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁Gold ▁Cup ▁five ▁times : ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁pro |
ponents ▁of ▁a ▁b idd ing ▁system ▁known ▁as ▁C AB , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁res ponder ▁to ▁a ▁strong ▁artificial ▁ 2 C ▁opening ▁immediately ▁ident ifies ▁an ▁A ce ▁in ▁hand , ▁if ▁any . ▁The ▁' B ' ▁stood ▁for ▁Black wood ; ▁otherwise , ▁the ▁system ▁was ▁mostly ▁natural , ▁with ▁strong ▁no - tr ump ▁opening ▁b ids , ▁and ▁forcing ▁jump ▁ra ises ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁older ▁version ▁of ▁Standard ▁American . ▁He ▁was ▁bridge ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁Sunday ▁Times ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁ ▁Konst am ▁also ▁played ▁rub ber ▁bridge , ▁which ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁was ▁a ▁good ▁source ▁of ▁income . ▁He ▁had ▁one ▁attribute ▁not ▁given ▁to ▁all ▁exper ts , ▁namely , ▁a ▁great ▁ability ▁to ▁partner ▁we aker ▁players . ▁Many ▁clients ▁were ▁surprised ▁and ▁delight ed ▁to ▁find ▁themselves ▁winning ▁a ▁tournament ▁where ▁they ▁would ▁normally ▁be ▁back - mark ers . ▁ ▁Sch api ro ' s ▁opinion ▁▁ ▁In ▁an ▁article ▁written ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁Bor is ▁Sch api ro ▁said ▁of ▁Konst am : ▁" Super b ▁dummy ▁player ▁and ▁def ender , ▁err atic ▁and ▁und is cipl ined ▁bid der ; ▁is ▁li able ▁to ▁and ▁does ▁in ▁fact ▁' br ing ▁in ' ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁points . ▁Very ▁difficult ▁to ▁play ▁against ▁but ▁concentration ▁is ▁bad ." ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁he ▁updated ▁his ▁article : ▁" He ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁most ▁form id able ▁oppon |
ent , ▁a ▁very ▁good ▁dummy ▁player ▁and ▁super b ▁def ender . ▁He ▁makes ▁mistakes ▁now ad ays ▁but ▁is ▁fast ▁and ▁hard ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁better ▁of . ▁I ▁still ▁prefer ▁him ▁on ▁my ▁side ▁rather ▁than ▁against ▁me ." ▁ ▁Death ▁Konst am ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁in ▁Juan - les - P ins , ▁France , ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁gone ▁to ▁partner ▁Baron ▁Eg mont ▁von ▁D ew itz ▁of ▁Germany ▁in ▁an ▁international ▁tournament . ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Konst am ▁wrote ▁two ▁volumes ▁in ▁the ▁Te ach ▁Your self ▁Books ▁series . ▁▁ ▁Te ach ▁Your self ▁Can asta ▁( Lond on : ▁English ▁Univers ities ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁ 1 5 3 pp . ▁▁ ▁Te ach ▁Your self ▁Card ▁Games ▁for ▁Two ▁( English ▁Univers ities , ▁ 1 9 5 4 ) ▁ 1 5 0 pp . ▁ ▁– ▁with ▁several ▁repr ints ▁including ▁Play ▁and ▁Win ▁Card ▁Games ▁for ▁Two ▁( T or onto : ▁Col es , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁▁▁ 2 nd ▁edition , ▁Card ▁Games ▁for ▁Two , ▁David ▁Sid ney ▁Par lett ▁and ▁Konst am ▁( H od der ▁& ▁St ought on ; ▁New ▁York : ▁David ▁McK ay , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁ 1 7 7 pp . ▁▁▁ ▁How ▁to ▁Play ▁Cal y ps o , ▁or ▁How ▁to ▁Play ▁Cal y ps o : ▁the ▁new ▁British ▁card |
▁game ▁( Lond on : ▁H od der ▁& ▁St ought on , ▁ 1 9 5 4 ), ▁ 7 1 pp . ▁▁▁ ▁En quire ▁Within : ▁a ▁history ▁and ▁guide ▁to ▁card ▁playing , ▁compiled ▁by ▁Konst am ▁( Lond on : ▁Thomas ▁De ▁La ▁R ue ▁& ▁Co ., ▁ 1 9 5 7 ), ▁ 7 2 pp . ▁▁ ▁Pam ph lets ▁ ▁The ▁C . A . B . ▁System ▁of ▁B idd ing ▁at ▁Bridge ▁( Lond on : ▁Sunday ▁Times , ▁ 1 9 5 9 ), ▁ 6 pp . ▁– ▁" a ▁res um é ▁by ▁Kenneth ▁Konst am " ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁death s ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : B rit ish ▁and ▁Irish ▁contract ▁bridge ▁players ▁Category : Contract ▁bridge ▁writers ▁Category : B erm uda ▁Bowl ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mary le bone ▁Category : B ridge ▁players ▁from ▁London <0x0A> </s> ▁Lis b eth ▁Hum mel ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁in ▁C open hagen , ▁ ▁Den mark ) ▁is ▁a ▁Dan ish ▁film ▁actress . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁film ▁The ▁Be ast , ▁directed ▁by ▁Wal er ian ▁Bor ow czy k , ▁and ▁La ▁bel la ▁e ▁la ▁best ia ▁and ▁D anger ous ▁Women , ▁both ▁directed ▁by |
▁her ▁husband ▁Luigi ▁Rus so . ▁She ▁is ▁now ▁working ▁as ▁an ▁artist , ▁and ▁lives ▁in ▁Den mark ▁and ▁Italy . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Personal ▁website ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Dan ish ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁C open hagen <0x0A> </s> ▁Mag h ara ▁() ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁Sy rian ▁village ▁located ▁in ▁I h sim ▁N ah iy ah ▁in ▁Ari ha ▁District , ▁Id lib . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Sy ria ▁Central ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Statistics ▁( C BS ), ▁Mag h ara ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 1 2 2 ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁census . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Ari ha ▁District ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Id lib ▁Governor ate <0x0A> </s> ▁S ander ▁Sant ess on ▁( 6 ▁April ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁– ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Swedish ▁ath lete . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁pole ▁v ault ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁death s ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : S wed ish ▁male ▁pole ▁va ul ters ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁athlet es |
▁of ▁Sweden ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁Flow ▁The ▁Max ▁is ▁Flow ' s ▁e ighth ▁studio ▁album . ▁The ▁album ▁comes ▁into ▁two ▁ed itions : ▁regular ▁and ▁limited . ▁The ▁limited ▁edition ▁includes ▁a ▁bonus ▁DVD . ▁It ▁reached ▁# 2 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Or icon ▁charts ▁ ▁and ▁chart ed ▁for ▁ 4 ▁weeks . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Bon us ▁DVD ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Flow ▁( band ) ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁R if le ▁Range ▁H alt ▁was ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁un st aff ed ▁request ▁stop ▁on ▁the ▁G WR ▁Kid der min ster ▁to ▁Bew d ley ▁loop ▁line ▁which ▁now ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Se vern ▁Valley ▁Railway . ▁It ▁was ▁located ▁west ▁of ▁Bew d ley ▁tunnel ▁near ▁the ▁“ Dev il ’ s ▁Sp ittle ful ”, ▁the ▁sand stone ▁out c rop ▁on ▁the ▁nature ▁reserve ▁now ▁managed ▁by ▁the ▁Wor c esters hire ▁Wild life ▁Trust . ▁ ▁History ▁R if le ▁Range ▁H alt ▁opened ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁The ▁halt ▁was ▁mainly ▁served ▁by ▁a ▁steam ▁rail mot or ▁service ▁which ▁was ▁introduced ▁on ▁the ▁Kid der min ster ▁- ▁Bew d ley ▁- ▁St our port ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁railway ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁nearby ▁rif le ▁range ▁was ▁used ▁mainly ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁by ▁volunte ers ▁from ▁the ▁Ye oman ry . ▁ |
▁The ▁rail mot ors ▁operated ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁halt ▁was ▁closed ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁No ▁remains ▁are ▁now ▁visible . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Se vern ▁Valley ▁Railway ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Dis used ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Wor c esters hire ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Form er ▁Great ▁Western ▁Railway ▁stations <0x0A> </s> ▁" For ▁Your ▁Love " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁written ▁and ▁performed ▁by ▁Ste vie ▁Wonder ▁that ▁appears ▁on ▁his ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁soul ▁album ▁Con vers ation ▁Peace . ▁It ▁won ▁two ▁Gram my ▁awards ▁for ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Male ▁V ocal ▁Performance ▁and ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Song ▁at ▁the ▁ 3 8 th ▁Gram my ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁singles ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁songs ▁Category : Ste vie ▁Wonder ▁songs ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁ball ads ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Ste vie ▁Wonder <0x0A> </s> ▁Fam ous ▁in ▁the ▁Last ▁Century ▁is ▁the ▁twenty - four th ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁British ▁rock ▁band ▁Status ▁Qu o , ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 |
▁to ▁largely ▁negative ▁reviews . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁band ' s ▁aut obi ography , ▁the ▁idea ▁to ▁record ▁it ▁came ▁from ▁manager ▁David ▁Walker , ▁who ▁said ▁they ▁should ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁mill en ni um ▁with ▁an ▁album ▁containing ▁twenty ▁of ▁their ▁favour ite ▁hits ▁from ▁the ▁past ▁century . ▁" An other ▁blo ody ▁covers ▁album !" ▁gr umbled ▁Francis ▁Ros si . ▁" We ▁went ▁along ▁with ▁it , ▁as ▁usual , ▁but ▁inside ▁I ▁felt ▁like ▁a ▁fra ud ... ▁for ▁me ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁worst ▁Qu o ▁album ▁there ▁had ▁ever ▁been ▁- ▁or ▁ever ▁will ▁be !" ▁ ▁" We ▁didn ' t ▁w anna ▁do ▁it ," ▁Ros si ▁said , ▁" but ▁it ▁sold . ▁I ▁don ' t ▁think ▁we ' ll ▁do ▁another ▁one ." ▁However , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ' s ▁R iffs ▁was ▁another ▁covers ▁collection . ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁in ▁the ▁Last ▁Century ▁reached ▁No . 1 9 ▁on ▁the ▁UK ▁Albums ▁Chart , ▁a ▁better ▁position ▁than ▁the ▁previous ▁Qu o ▁album ▁of ▁mainly ▁original ▁material , ▁Under ▁the ▁In flu ence . ▁Two ▁singles ▁from ▁it ▁– ▁" M ony ▁M ony " ▁and ▁" Old ▁Time ▁Rock ▁and ▁Roll " ▁– ▁were ▁minor ▁hits . ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Rich ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁after ▁recording ▁this ▁album ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Matt ▁Let ley . ▁ ▁A ▁DVD ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁and ▁featuring ▁the ▁same ▁songs ▁was ▁fil med ▁at ▁the ▁She ph erd ' |
s ▁Bush ▁Empire ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁This ▁performance ▁is ▁m im ed ▁but ▁they ▁did ▁a ▁live ▁gig ▁after ▁the ▁album ▁tracks ▁were ▁m im ed ▁but ▁no ▁video ▁foot age ▁has ▁ever ▁been ▁released . ▁A ▁few ▁live ▁tracks ▁were ▁b ▁sides ▁taken ▁from ▁this ▁performance . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" F am ous ▁in ▁the ▁Last ▁Century " ▁( B own ) ▁ 1 : 0 4 ▁ ▁" Old ▁Time ▁Rock ▁and ▁Roll " ▁( Ge orge ▁Jackson , ▁Thomas ▁E . ▁Jones ▁III .) ▁ 2 : 5 7 ▁ ▁" W ay ▁Down " ▁( Mart ine ) ▁ 2 : 5 1 ▁ ▁" R ave ▁On !" ▁( P et ty , ▁William ▁" B illy " ▁T il gh man , ▁Sun ny ▁West ) ▁ 2 : 5 1 ▁ ▁" R oll ▁Over ▁Be eth oven " ▁( Ber ry ) ▁ 3 : 0 7 ▁ ▁" When ▁I ' m ▁Dead ▁and ▁G one " ▁( Ben ny ▁Gall ag her , ▁Graham ▁L yle ) ▁ 3 : 1 1 ▁ ▁" M emph is , ▁Tennessee " ▁( Ber ry ) ▁ 2 : 3 1 ▁ ▁" S weet ▁Home ▁Chicago " ▁( R . ▁Johnson ) ▁ 2 : 4 4 ▁ ▁" C raw ling ▁from ▁the ▁W reck age " ▁( P ark er ) ▁ 2 : 4 2 ▁ ▁" Good ▁G olly ▁Miss |
▁Mol ly " ▁( Black well , ▁Mar as cal co ) ▁ 2 : 0 5 ▁ ▁" Cla ud ette " ▁( Or b ison ) ▁ 2 : 0 1 ▁ ▁" R ock ' n ▁Me " ▁( M iller ) ▁ 2 : 4 6 ▁ ▁" H ound ▁Dog " ▁( Le iber , ▁St ol ler ) ▁ 2 : 1 9 ▁ ▁" Run around ▁Sue " ▁( Di M ucci , ▁Mar es ca ) ▁ 2 : 2 9 ▁ ▁" Once ▁B itten ▁Tw ice ▁Sh y " ▁( H unter ) ▁ 3 : 4 0 ▁ ▁" M ony ▁M ony " ▁( B lo om , ▁Bo ▁G entry , ▁James , ▁R itch ie ▁Cord ell ) ▁ 2 : 5 8 ▁ ▁" F am ous ▁in ▁the ▁Last ▁Century " ▁( B own ) ▁ 1 : 1 5 ▁ ▁Australia ▁bonus ▁tracks ▁ ▁" P ictures ▁of ▁Match st ick ▁Men " ▁( 1 9 9 9 ▁Version ) ▁( Fran cis ▁Ros si ) ▁ 3 : 2 3 ▁▁ ▁" R aining ▁in ▁My ▁Heart " ▁( Special ▁Gu est ▁Brian ▁May ) ▁( B oud le aux ▁Bry ant , ▁Fel ice ▁Bry ant ) ▁ 3 : 3 1 ▁▁ ▁" Fun ▁Fun ▁Fun ² ▁( With ▁the ▁Beach ▁Boys ) ▁( B rian ▁Wilson , ▁Mike ▁Love ) ▁ 3 : 5 9 ▁▁ ▁" Wh atever ▁You ▁W ant |
² ▁( And y ▁B own , ▁Rick ▁Par f itt ) ▁ 4 : 1 6 ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁re issue ▁bonus ▁tracks ▁ ▁Ger du nd ula ▁( live ) ▁( Man ston / James ) ▁▁ 4 5 0 0 ▁Times ▁( live ) ▁( R os si / Par f itt ) ▁ ▁Rain ▁( live ) ▁( Par f itt ) ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Francis ▁Ros si ▁- ▁V oc als ▁& ▁lead ▁guitar ▁Rick ▁Par f itt ▁- ▁V oc als ▁& ▁guitar ▁John ▁Edwards ▁- ▁Bass ▁Andy ▁B own ▁- ▁Key boards ▁Jeff ▁Rich ▁- ▁Dr ums ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 1 . ▁Ros si , ▁F ., ▁Par f itt , ▁R ., ▁X S ▁All ▁Are as : ▁The ▁Status ▁Qu o ▁aut obi ography ▁( S id g wick ▁& ▁Jackson , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Category : Status ▁Qu o ▁( band ) ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Mike ▁P ax man <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Big el ow - H art ford ▁Car pet ▁M ills ▁were ▁once ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁car pet ing ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁early ▁ 2 0 th - century ▁fact ories , ▁located ▁in ▁Thompson ville , ▁Connecticut , ▁were ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁U sed ▁by ▁a ▁succession |
▁of ▁car pet ▁mak ers ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁the ▁company ▁complex ▁has ▁for ▁the ▁most ▁part ▁been ▁converted ▁to ▁resident ial ▁use . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁The ▁Big el ow - H art ford ▁Car pet ▁M ills ▁complex ▁stands ▁in ▁the ▁Thompson ville ▁area ▁of ▁western ▁En field , ▁Connecticut , ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁River ▁by ▁a ▁rail road ▁right - of - way . ▁ ▁On ▁nearly ▁ ▁of ▁land ▁stand ▁seven ▁large ▁brick ▁buildings , ▁d ating ▁from ▁about ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁company ' s ▁operations ▁in ▁Thompson ville . ▁ ▁Build ings ▁range ▁in ▁height ▁between ▁one ▁and ▁four ▁flo ors , ▁and ▁are ▁built ▁in ▁a ▁vern ac ular ▁industrial ▁Italian ate ▁style . ▁ ▁The ▁largest ▁building , ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁T apest ry ▁Mill , ▁is ▁nearly ▁ ▁long . ▁ ▁The ▁Big el ow - H art ford ▁Car pet ▁Company ▁had ▁its ▁orig ins ▁in ▁a ▁car pet ▁manufact uring ▁business ▁established ▁in ▁Thompson ville ▁by ▁Or rin ▁Thompson ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 8 . ▁ ▁Through ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁it ▁grew ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁single ▁biggest ▁mak er ▁of ▁car pet ▁products . ▁ ▁Bu ilt ▁in ▁part ▁by ▁mer gers ▁with ▁other ▁mak ers , ▁it ▁produced ▁virt ually ▁every ▁style |
▁of ▁car pet ing ▁imag in able , ▁and ▁was ▁thus ▁able ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁dominant ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁industry . ▁ ▁Dem and ▁for ▁the ▁company ' s ▁products ▁began ▁to ▁decl ine ▁in ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression , ▁and ▁the ▁company ▁reduced ▁operations ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁finally ▁closing ▁production ▁here ▁entirely ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 6 0 s . ▁ ▁During ▁its ▁period ▁of ▁growth , ▁the ▁company ▁built ▁a ▁significant ▁amount ▁of ▁worker ▁housing ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁north ▁and ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁plant ; ▁these ▁are ▁the ▁major ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁Big el ow - H art ford ▁Car pet ▁M ills ▁Historic ▁District . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Hart ford ▁County , ▁Connecticut ▁ ▁Archives ▁and ▁records ▁Big el ow ▁& ▁San ford ▁Car pet ▁Company ▁records ▁at ▁Baker ▁Library ▁Special ▁Col lections , ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ind ust rial ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Connecticut ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Hart ford ▁County , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Hart ford ▁County , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : En field , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : H istor ic ▁district ▁contrib uting ▁properties ▁in ▁Connecticut <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 4 th ▁Ut ah ▁Senate ▁District ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Salt ▁Lake ▁County ▁and ▁includes ▁Ut ah ▁House |
▁District s ▁ 3 6 , ▁ 3 7 , ▁ 4 0 , ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 4 5 , ▁and ▁ 4 6 . ▁The ▁current ▁State ▁Senator ▁representing ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁district ▁is ▁Jan i ▁I w am oto . ▁I w am oto ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Ut ah ▁Senate ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁is ▁up ▁for ▁re - e lection ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁Ut ah ▁State ▁Sen ators ▁( D istrict ▁ 4 ) ▁ ▁E lection ▁results ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁General ▁E lection ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Jan i ▁I w am oto ▁ ▁Pat ▁Jones ▁ ▁Ut ah ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁ ▁Ut ah ▁Republican ▁Party ▁ ▁Ut ah ▁Senate ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ut ah ▁Senate ▁District ▁Pro files ▁ ▁Official ▁Ut ah ▁State ▁Senate ▁Page ▁for ▁Jan i ▁I w am oto ▁▁ 0 4 ▁Category : S alt ▁Lake ▁County , ▁Ut ah <0x0A> </s> ▁N og omet ni ▁Kl ub ▁Bos na ▁Vis oko ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁professional ▁association ▁football ▁club ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Vis oko ▁that ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁Currently , ▁Bos na ▁plays ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁– ▁Center ▁and ▁plays ▁its ▁home ▁matches ▁on ▁Stad ion ▁Luke ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 5 , 2 0 0 ▁seats . ▁ ▁The ▁club ' s |
▁greatest ▁success ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁Gu ided ▁by ▁manager ▁I vo ▁I št uk , ▁Bos na ▁won ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁Cup , ▁Bos n ian ▁Super cup ▁and ▁made ▁great ▁results ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina , ▁even ▁almost ▁winning ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 8 ▁season . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Foundation ▁NK ▁Bos na ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Vis oko ▁with ▁the ▁mer ging ▁of ▁local ▁sides ▁NK ▁J ad ran ▁( 1 9 2 3 ) ▁and ▁NK ▁Rad ni č ki ▁( 1 9 3 4 ) ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁club . ▁After ▁sp ending ▁a ▁de cade ▁in ▁the ▁third - t ier , ▁the ▁club ▁got ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁Second ▁League ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁biggest ▁achiev ement ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁Bos na ▁again ▁got ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁league ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Republic ▁League . ▁The ▁club ▁stayed ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁for ▁three ▁years , ▁before ▁being ▁re leg ated ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 ▁season . ▁ ▁Success ▁and ▁down fall ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 – 9 6 ▁( n orth ) ▁Second ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov |
ina ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁finished ▁on ▁ 1 st ▁place ▁and ▁got ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁had ▁its ▁biggest ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁current ▁manager ▁I vo ▁I št uk . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 8 ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁season , ▁the ▁club ▁finished ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁on ▁ 1 st ▁place , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁win ▁the ▁whole ▁league ▁as ▁it ▁succ um bed ▁in ▁the ▁group ▁stage ▁play - offs . ▁The ▁next ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁had ▁great ▁success , ▁as ▁it ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 9 9 ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Football ▁Cup , ▁the ▁first ▁tro phy ▁in ▁the ▁club ' s ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁next ▁season , ▁won ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁Super cup ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁After ▁years ▁of ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 0 0 ▁league ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁got ▁re leg ated ▁to ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 1 ▁season , ▁alongside ▁H N K ▁Gru de , ▁Bos na ▁got ▁promoted ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Premier ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov |
ina . ▁After ▁two ▁seasons ▁of ▁Premier ▁League ▁football , ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁finished ▁on ▁last ▁place ▁and ▁got ▁re leg ated ▁once ▁again ▁to ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi H . ▁ ▁Pres ent ▁Since ▁getting ▁re leg ated ▁from ▁the ▁top ▁tier ▁of ▁Bos n ian ▁football ▁again ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Bos na ▁mostly ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi H , ▁with ▁three ▁seasons ▁of ▁them ▁also ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi H ▁( center ) ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ) ▁and ▁the ▁fourth ▁( 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ) ▁season ▁to ▁be ▁played . ▁ ▁For ▁a ▁short ▁period , ▁from ▁January ▁to ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁after ▁leaving ▁Bos na , ▁I vo ▁I št uk , ▁the ▁club ' s ▁most ▁successful ▁manager ▁in ▁history ▁came ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁club ▁and ▁managed ▁the ▁club ▁in ▁that ▁period . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Bos na ▁and ▁FK ▁Sar aje vo ▁signed ▁a ▁co operation ▁agreement ▁by ▁which ▁Sar aje vo ▁will ▁loan ▁its ▁tal ented ▁young sters ▁to ▁the ▁Vis oko - based ▁side ▁and ▁will ▁have ▁first - bu y ▁rights ▁on ▁all ▁NK ▁Bos na |
▁players . ▁By ▁signing ▁this ▁agreement , ▁Bos na ▁de ▁fact o ▁became ▁Sar aje vo ' s ▁farm ▁team . ▁The ▁agreement ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁Ad is ▁H aj lov ac ▁and ▁Mir za ▁L ale to vić ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁Bos na , ▁and ▁Abd ul ah ▁I bra k ović ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁Sar aje vo . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi H ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁throughout ▁the ▁whole ▁season ▁held ▁ 1 st ▁place ▁and ▁were ▁really ▁close ▁to ▁coming ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁Premier ▁League , ▁but ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁they ▁failed ▁to ▁finish ▁ 1 st ▁as ▁bad ▁results ▁cost ed ▁them ▁the ▁promotion . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁they ▁finished ▁ 2 nd , ▁six ▁points ▁off ▁champions ▁NK ▁GO Š K ▁G abel a ▁and ▁only ▁two ▁points ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 rd ▁place ▁FK ▁T uz la ▁City , ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁still ▁known ▁as ▁FK ▁S log a ▁Sim in ▁Han . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁almost ▁four ▁years ▁after ▁leaving ▁the ▁club , ▁I vo ▁I št uk ▁once ▁again ▁came ▁back ▁to ▁Bos na ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁new ▁manager . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁left ▁the ▁club ▁after ▁over ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁its ▁manager . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi |
H ▁season , ▁Bos na ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁clubs ▁history ▁got ▁re leg ated ▁to ▁the ▁Second ▁League ▁of ▁F Bi H ▁( center ). ▁ ▁Club ▁seasons ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁ ▁League ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina : ▁W inners ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 8 ▁( First ▁Round ) ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina : ▁W inners ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 9 5 – 9 6 ▁ ▁R unn ers - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁Second ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina : ▁W inners ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁, ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁ ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Republic ▁League : ▁W inners ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 7 7 – 7 8 ▁ ▁Cu ps ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Football ▁Cup : ▁W inners ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 9 9 ▁ ▁R unn ers - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ▁Super cup ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina : ▁W inners ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Play ers ▁ ▁Current ▁squad ▁ ▁Play ers ▁with ▁multiple ▁national ities ▁▁▁ ▁V lat ko ▁Prem ces ki ▁ ▁Club |
▁officials ▁ ▁Co aching ▁staff ▁{ | ▁| val ign =" top " | ▁ ▁Other ▁information ▁ ▁Notable ▁players ▁▁ ▁I bra him ▁Sir č o ▁▁ ▁S la vi š a ▁V uki če vić ▁▁ ▁Far uk ▁I ht ij are vić ▁▁ ▁Al med in ▁H ota ▁▁ ▁El vir ▁Rah imi ć ▁▁ ▁Mir s ad ▁Be š li ja ▁▁ ▁Es mir ▁D ž af ić ▁▁ ▁Ad nan ▁D ž af ić ▁▁ ▁Ken an ▁Has ag ić ▁ ▁Notable ▁man agers ▁▁ ▁I vo ▁I št uk ▁▁ ▁Far uk ▁D ed ić ▁▁ ▁N erm in ▁B uk va ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Football ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁FK ▁Sar aje vo ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁NK ▁Bos na ▁Vis oko ▁at ▁Facebook ▁ ▁Category : Vis oko ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁Bos na ▁Vis oko ▁Category : S port ▁in ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Bos na ▁Vis oko ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Category : F K ▁Sar aje vo <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁( Sp il orn is ▁k los si ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁South ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁bird ▁of ▁pre y ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ac cip it r idae . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁smallest ▁known ▁e agle |
, ▁with ▁a ▁weight ▁of ▁about ▁ 4 5 0 ▁g ▁and ▁a ▁body ▁length ▁of ▁about ▁ 4 0 cm . ▁It ▁is ▁en demic ▁to ▁forest ▁on ▁the ▁Indian ▁island ▁of ▁Great ▁Nic obar . ▁It ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁ ▁All ▁major ▁authorities ▁now ▁treat ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁species , ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁past ▁it ▁was ▁sometimes ▁considered ▁a ▁sub species ▁of ▁S . ▁minim us . ▁Today ▁minim us ▁is ▁either ▁considered ▁a ▁sub species ▁of ▁the ▁cr ested ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁or ▁a ▁monot yp ic ▁species ▁from ▁the ▁central ▁Nic obar ▁Islands ; ▁the ▁Central ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Fer g us on - Le es ▁& ▁Christ ie ▁( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁R apt ors ▁of ▁the ▁World . ▁Christopher ▁Hel m , ▁London . ▁▁ ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁the ▁Nic obar ▁Islands ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁Category : N ear ▁threatened ▁animals ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁Great ▁Nic obar ▁ser pent ▁e agle ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Anth ous a ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁municipal ▁unit ▁of ▁Ts oty li , ▁K oz ani ▁regional ▁unit , ▁Greece . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁K oz ani ▁( reg ional ▁unit ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Ken y |
ent ulus ▁j ing h ong ensis ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁prot ur an ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁A cer ent om idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Southern ▁Asia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Pro t ura ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Anim als ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ar gy rog ale a ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁moth s ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁No ctu idae . ▁ ▁References ▁Natural ▁History ▁Museum ▁Le pid optera ▁genus ▁database ▁ ▁Category : C uc ul li inae <0x0A> </s> ▁G ers hon ▁Yan kele witz ▁( Nov ember ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁– ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁senior ▁ro sh ▁yes h iva ▁at ▁the ▁Rab bi ▁Isaac ▁El chan an ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁of ▁Yes h iva ▁University . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁educ ator ▁at ▁that ▁institution ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁He ▁also ▁gave ▁a ▁daily ▁Tor ah ▁lecture ▁between ▁Min cha ▁and ▁Ma ar iv ▁at ▁the ▁Young ▁Israel ▁of ▁Pel ham ▁Park way ▁in ▁Bron x ▁Park ▁East , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Life ▁Yan kele witz ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Lub cha , ▁present ▁day ▁Bel arus . ▁Prior ▁to ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Yan kele witz ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Mir ▁Yes h iva ▁( Bel arus ) ▁and ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁Tal mid ▁M uv h ak |
▁( special ▁student ) ▁of ▁Rab bi ▁Y er uch am ▁Lev ov itz , ▁the ▁M ash gia ch ▁of ▁Mir . ▁Yan kele witz ▁also ▁studied ▁in ▁Rad u ń ▁Yes h iva , ▁where ▁he ▁developed ▁a ▁close ▁relationship ▁with ▁Rab bi ▁Y is rael ▁Me ir ▁K agan ▁( known ▁as ▁the ▁Ch of etz ▁Cha im ). ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁remaining ▁original ▁Mir rer ▁students , ▁or ▁" Al ter ▁Mir r ers ". ▁Event ually ▁he ▁imm igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁Rab bi ▁Norman ▁L amm ' s ▁prede cess or , ▁President ▁Samuel ▁Bel kin , ▁as ▁a ▁Ros h ▁Yes h iva ▁at ▁the ▁Rab bi ▁Isaac ▁El chan an ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁of ▁Yes h iva ▁University . ▁This ▁was ▁an ▁unusual ▁exception ▁to ▁the ▁established ▁norm , ▁which ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁only ▁college ▁gradu ates ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁Ros he i ▁Yes h iva ▁in ▁Y U . ▁ ▁A ▁son ▁of ▁Y ank le witz ▁married ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁Rab bi ▁G ers hon ▁W iesen feld . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Yan kele witz ' s ▁wife , ▁Bl uma , ▁died . ▁A ▁notice ▁about ▁her ▁death ▁and ▁cond ol ence ▁wishes ▁from ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁Y U ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times . ▁ ▁Rab bi ▁Yan kele witz ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁strict ▁personal ▁discipline ▁and ▁commit ment ▁to ▁Tor |
ah . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁his ▁parents ▁and ▁sib lings ▁during ▁the ▁Hol oca ust , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁many ▁personal ▁tra ged ies , ▁he ▁remained ▁stead fast ▁to ▁the ▁trad itions ▁of ▁the ▁yes h ivas ▁of ▁his ▁youth . ▁ ▁His ▁personal ▁self - control ▁was ▁such ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁many ▁hours ▁of ▁inten se ▁Tal m ud ic ▁study ▁without ▁dist raction , ▁and ▁he ▁measured ▁all ▁his ▁words ▁very ▁carefully . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁extremely ▁warm ▁and ▁bel oved ▁teacher ▁and ▁Rab bi . ▁ ▁His ▁care ▁and ▁concern ▁for ▁others , ▁and ▁his ▁and ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁inclusion ▁and ▁hosting ▁of ▁many ▁marg inal ized ▁individuals , ▁were ▁legend ary . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁L ect ures ▁from ▁Rab bi ▁Y ank el ow itz ▁( ▁Y U ▁Tor ah ▁Online ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁G ers hon ▁Yan kele witz ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁death s ▁Category : R osh ▁yes h ivas ▁Category : American ▁Orth odox ▁rabb is ▁Category : Yes h iva ▁University ▁ro sh ▁yes h ivas ▁Category : Bel arus ian ▁cent en ari ans <0x0A> </s> ▁Tim othy ▁Leonard ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Tim othy ▁D . ▁Leonard ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 0 ), ▁U . S . ▁District ▁Judge ▁ ▁Tim othy ▁Leonard ▁( p ri est ) ▁( 1 8 |
9 3 – 1 9 3 1 ), ▁Irish ▁priest ▁ ▁Tim othy ▁Leonard ▁( Color ado ▁politician ), ▁Colorado ▁state ▁representative ▁Tim othy ▁S . ▁Leonard ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 8 ), ▁Irish ▁Box er <0x0A> </s> ▁M ahl on ▁Bet ts ▁( 1 7 9 5 – 1 8 6 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁car p enter , ▁rail road ▁car ▁builder , ▁ship w right , ▁business man , ▁bank er , ▁and ▁legisl ator ▁who ▁helped ▁found ▁three ▁of ▁Wil ming ton , ▁Del aware ' s ▁major ▁manufact uring ▁enter pr ises : ▁the ▁Har lan ▁and ▁H oll ings worth ▁Company , ▁the ▁P use y ▁and ▁Jones ▁Company , ▁and ▁the ▁Bet ts ▁Machine ▁Company . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Att le bor o ▁in ▁Buck s ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 7 9 5 , ▁Bet ts ▁came ▁to ▁Wil ming ton ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 2 . ▁On ▁November ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 8 1 8 , ▁he ▁married ▁Mary ▁R . ▁Se al ▁at ▁the ▁Wil ming ton ▁Fri ends ▁Me eting . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 8 ▁( or ▁ 1 8 2 9 ), ▁he ▁built ▁a ▁found ry ▁at ▁ 8 th ▁and ▁Orange ▁Stre ets ▁and ▁there ▁installed ▁the ▁state ' s ▁first ▁station ary ▁steam ▁engine . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 3 6 , ▁Bet ts ▁joined ▁Samuel ▁N . ▁P use |
y ▁to ▁launch ▁Bet ts ▁& ▁P use y , ▁which ▁built ▁rail road ▁cars ▁at ▁a ▁plant ▁at ▁Water ▁and ▁West ▁Stre ets . ▁He ▁eventually ▁le ased ▁the ▁found ry ▁to ▁his ▁son ▁Edward ▁( 1 8 2 5 – 1 9 1 7 ), ▁who ▁carried ▁on ▁the ▁business . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 7 , ▁M ahl on ▁became ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Wil ming ton ▁and ▁Sus que h anna ▁Rail road . ▁The ▁rail road ▁soon ▁merged ▁into ▁the ▁Philadelphia , ▁Wil ming ton ▁and ▁Baltimore ▁Rail road , ▁which ▁th ence for th ▁operated ▁the ▁first ▁rail ▁link ▁from ▁Philadelphia ▁to ▁Baltimore . ▁( This ▁main ▁line ▁surv ives ▁today ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Am tra k ' s ▁N ortheast ▁Cor rid or .) ▁Bet ts ▁became ▁a ▁director ▁in ▁the ▁merged ▁rail road , ▁and ▁his ▁service ▁as ▁a ▁rail road ▁executive ▁is ▁noted ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁New k irk ▁Vi ad uct ▁Monument ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Wil ming ton ▁and ▁Brand yw ine , ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Mechan ics ▁Bank , ▁and ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁First ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Wil ming ton . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 0 s , ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Del aware ▁General ▁Assembly , ▁first ▁as ▁a ▁representative ▁and ▁then ▁as ▁a ▁sen ator . ▁ ▁M ahl on ▁Bet ts ▁died ▁in ▁Wil ming ton ▁on ▁March |
▁ 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Pro b ate ▁invent ory , ▁performed ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁by ▁the ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Wil ming ton , ▁New ▁Castle ▁County ▁ ▁Category : American ▁industrial ists ▁Category : American ▁car pent ers ▁Category : American ▁ship w right s ▁Category : American ▁bank ers ▁Category : 1 7 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 7 ▁death s ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Del aware ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Del aware ▁state ▁sen ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Buck s ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Wil ming ton , ▁Del aware <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁of ▁J R ▁Ky ush u ▁N ipp ō ▁Main ▁Line ▁in ▁A ira , ▁K ag osh ima , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁L ines ▁ ▁Ky ush u ▁Railway ▁Company ▁N ipp ō ▁Main ▁Line ▁ ▁J R ▁ ▁Ad j acent ▁stations ▁ ▁Near by ▁places ▁Sh ig et omi ▁Post ▁office ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁K ag osh ima ▁Pref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁ Þ or ste inn ▁B j arn ason ▁ ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 7 ) ▁is ▁an ▁I cel and ic ▁former ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁goal keeper . ▁ ▁Club |
▁career ▁B j arn ason ▁played ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁for ▁Í B K ▁K ef lav ík ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁brief ▁spell ▁in ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁League ▁with ▁R . A . A . ▁Lou vi éro ise . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁I cel and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁ 2 8 ▁caps . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Profile ▁on ▁K S Í ' s ▁official ▁website . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Thor ste inn ▁B j arn ason ▁Thor ste inn ▁B j arn ason ▁Thor ste inn ▁B j arn ason ▁Category : R . A . A . ▁Lou vi éro ise ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁goal keep ers ▁Thor ste inn ▁B j arn ason <0x0A> </s> ▁Bar ât ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Carl ▁Bar ât ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁an ▁English ▁music ian ▁ ▁Luc ie ▁Bar ât , ▁a ▁British ▁actress , ▁writer , ▁ly ric ist ▁and ▁music ian <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁is ▁a ▁compact ▁car ▁( sub comp act ▁car ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁generation ) ▁made ▁by ▁Toy ota ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁market ▁and ▁sold ▁under ▁their ▁youth - orient ed ▁Sc ion ▁brand . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁box - sh aped , ▁ 5 |
- door ▁h atch back . ▁ ▁First ▁generation ▁( X P 3 0 ; ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁first - gener ation ▁x B ▁was ▁a ▁light ly ▁modified ▁and ▁re bad ged ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese - market ▁sub comp act ▁Toy ota ▁b B . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁small ▁h atch back ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁E cho / Y aris ▁platform . ▁The ▁x B ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁models ▁in ▁the ▁line up ▁of ▁Toy ota ' s ▁US - ex clus ive ▁Sc ion ▁division ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁brand ' s ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁launch , ▁the ▁other ▁being ▁the ▁x A , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁ist . ▁ ▁First - gener ation ▁x B ▁vs . ▁first - gener ation ▁b B ▁Only ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁models ▁for ▁both ▁the ▁x B ▁and ▁b B ▁are ▁related . ▁Second - gener ation ▁models ▁are ▁based ▁upon ▁different ▁platforms . ▁ ▁To ▁create ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁x B , ▁the ▁b B ▁was ▁modified ▁from ▁right - ▁to ▁left - hand ▁drive , ▁the ▁front ▁passenger ▁area ▁was ▁also ▁changed ▁significantly ▁with ▁the ▁b B ' s ▁front ▁ben ch ▁seat ▁replaced ▁with ▁bucket ▁seats ▁and ▁the ▁column - mount ed ▁sh if ter ▁changed ▁to ▁a ▁floor - mount ed ▁sh if ter . ▁ ▁The ▁available ▁driv etra ins ▁also ▁differ ed . ▁The ▁b B ▁was |
▁available ▁with ▁either ▁the ▁ 1 . 3 L ▁I 4 ▁ 2 N Z - FE ▁engine ▁or ▁the ▁ 1 . 5 L ▁ 1 N Z - FE , ▁m ated ▁exclus ively ▁to ▁a ▁ 4 - speed ▁automatic ▁transmission ▁with ▁available ▁all ▁wheel ▁drive . ▁The ▁x B ▁was ▁only ▁available ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 N Z - FE ▁that ▁produced ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁in ▁US ▁spec , ▁but ▁offered ▁both ▁a ▁ 4 - speed ▁automatic ▁or ▁a ▁ 5 - speed ▁manual ▁transmission . ▁All - w heel ▁drive ▁was ▁not ▁offered ▁on ▁the ▁x B . ▁ ▁The ▁Toy ota ▁b B ▁was ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁a ▁compact ▁spare ▁t ire ▁under ▁the ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁lug g age ▁area . ▁On ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁x B , ▁a ▁compact ▁spare ▁t ire ▁was ▁stored ▁under ▁the ▁left ▁side ▁of ▁a ▁raised ▁rear ▁cargo ▁floor . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁spare ▁t ire ▁raised ▁the ▁cargo ▁floor ▁by ▁several ▁inches , ▁a ▁storage ▁bin ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁spare ▁t ire ▁to ▁rec laim ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁lost ▁storage ▁space . ▁A ▁jack ▁was ▁stored ▁under ▁the ▁driver ' s ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁x B . ▁ ▁The ▁Toy ota ▁b B ▁had ▁a ▁pull - out ▁storage ▁t ray ▁under ▁the ▁passenger ▁seat ▁that ▁the ▁x B ▁la cks . ▁ ▁The ▁b B ▁went ▁on ▁sale ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁whereas ▁the ▁x B ▁went |
▁on ▁sale ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁model ▁year . ▁Sales ▁of ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁b B ▁ended ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁whereas ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁x B ▁ended ▁sales ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Sc ion ▁t 2 B ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Sc ion ▁t 2 B ▁( T all - Two ▁Box ) ▁is ▁a ▁concept ▁h atch back ▁designed ▁by ▁Cal ty ▁Design ▁Research ▁and ▁built ▁by ▁Five ▁A xis ▁Mod els ▁in ▁Hun ting ton ▁Beach , ▁California , ▁with ▁interior ▁design ▁by ▁Cal ty ▁senior ▁designer ▁Bill ▁Ch erg os ky ▁and ▁Na oki ▁Ham aj ima . ▁The ▁ 5 - door ▁h atch back ▁included ▁a ▁ 2 . 4 - liter ▁I 4 ▁engine , ▁ 4 - speed ▁automatic ▁transmission , ▁ 1 4 - inch ▁bra kes ▁with ▁sl otted ▁rot ors , ▁ 2 0 - inch ▁b illet ▁al umin ium ▁whe els , ▁LED ▁fog ▁lamp , ▁rem ot ely ▁operated ▁power ▁rear ▁h atch , ▁asym met rical ▁tri - level ▁instrument ▁panel ▁features ▁a ▁large ▁information ▁t icker , ▁MP 3 ▁dock ing ▁station , ▁dual ▁moon ro of , ▁half - length ▁suic ide ▁doors . ▁ ▁The ▁vehicle ▁was ▁un ve iled ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁New ▁York ▁Auto ▁Show . ▁ ▁Release ▁series ▁vehicles ▁ ▁The ▁x |
B , ▁like ▁the ▁x A ▁and ▁t C , ▁was ▁also ▁available ▁in ▁a ▁" Release ▁Series " ▁for ▁each ▁of ▁its ▁model ▁years . ▁These ▁came ▁with ▁limited - ed ition ▁paint ▁colors , ▁matching ▁seat ▁colors , ▁and ▁special ▁modifications ▁such ▁as ▁DVD ▁players , ▁custom ▁tail ▁lights , ▁special ▁whe els ▁or ▁wheel ▁covers , ▁and ▁other ▁access ories , ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁R S ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁others . ▁All ▁Sc ion ▁R S ' ▁receive ▁special ▁bad ges ▁indicating ▁the ▁serial ▁number . ▁Limited ▁Edition ▁vehicles ▁were , ▁from ▁a ▁market ing ▁stand point , ▁used ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁bu zz ▁for ▁the ▁brand ▁name , ▁with ▁their ▁exterior ▁colors ▁t ending ▁toward ▁loud ▁or ▁bright ▁h ues ▁( i . e . ▁orange , ▁yellow , ▁red , ▁blue , ▁green ). ▁ ▁Pre order ing ▁is ▁available ▁at ▁each ▁deal ership ▁on ▁a ▁first - come , ▁first - ser ved ▁basis . ▁Sc ion ' s ▁" P ure ▁Price " ▁program ▁requires ▁deal ers hips ▁to ▁sell ▁the ▁vehicle ▁at ▁the ▁advert ised ▁price . ▁Res ale ▁values ▁of ▁Release ▁Series ▁vehicles ▁command ▁a ▁prem ium ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁pack aged ▁options ▁and ▁scarc ity . ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁model ▁year ▁▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 1 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Hot ▁L ava ▁Orange ▁with ▁ 2 1 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁( 5 0 4 ▁units ▁w / 5 sp d , ▁ 1 5 9 6 |
▁units ▁w / autom atic ) ▁The ▁x B ▁Release ▁Series ▁ 1 . 0 ▁comes ▁with ▁some ▁unique ▁features ▁from ▁the ▁factory ▁which ▁include ▁Hot ▁L ava ▁paint , ▁color - key ed ▁rear ▁spo iler , ▁matching ▁orange ▁pow der - co ated ▁str ut ▁tie - bar , ▁custom ▁gr ill , ▁color ▁tun ed ▁interior ▁and ▁under - se at ▁& ▁dash ▁orange ▁ill um ination . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁model ▁year ▁▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 2 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Sol ar ▁Y ellow ▁with ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁This ▁R S ▁edition ▁came ▁with ▁color ▁key ed ▁side ▁mirror s ▁with ▁turn ▁signals , ▁rear ▁spo iler , ▁tun able ▁sport ▁m uff ler ▁and ▁a ▁metal ▁mesh ▁gr ille . ▁Inside ▁there ' s ▁st ain less ▁app liqu és ▁on ▁the ▁door ▁s ills ▁and ▁yellow ▁acc ents ▁to ▁match ▁the ▁exterior , ▁and ▁a ▁pla que ▁that ▁shows ▁the ▁build ▁number ▁x xxx / 2 5 0 0 . ▁The ▁R S ▁ 2 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 1 , 3 7 5 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁model ▁year ▁▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 3 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁En vy ▁Green ▁with ▁ 2 2 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁R S ▁ 3 . 0 ▁changes ▁include ▁En vy ▁Green ▁paint , ▁seven - sp oke ▁wheel ▁cover ings , ▁and ▁rear ▁spo iler . ▁Standard |
▁features ▁include ▁Al pine ▁DVD ▁audio / video ▁system ; ▁i Pod ▁connect ivity ; ▁head rest ▁entertain ment ▁system ; ▁and ▁a ▁rad ar ▁intr usion ▁sensor . ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 , 2 0 0 ▁vehicles ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁number ed ▁bad ging . ▁The ▁R S ▁ 3 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 2 , 3 1 0 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P ▁price . ▁▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 4 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁a ▁Tor ched ▁Pen ny ▁called ▁Maz ior a , ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁polar ized ▁pain ts ▁made ▁by ▁Japan ' s ▁N ipp on ▁P aint ▁Co . ▁is ▁a ▁( pol ar ized ▁gold ish - b rown ) ▁with ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced . ▁The ▁Release ▁Series ▁ 4 . 0 ▁is ▁painted ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - part ▁Maz ior a ▁Tor ched ▁Pen ny ▁paint , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁color - sh ifting ▁finish ▁that ▁changes ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁view ing ▁angle ▁and / or ▁how ▁light ▁plays ▁off ▁the ▁car ' s ▁surface . ▁In ▁this ▁case , ▁the ▁colors ▁morph ▁into ▁sh ades ▁of ▁brown , ▁bronze , ▁and ▁gold . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁del ux e ▁paint , ▁the ▁R S ▁ 4 . 0 ▁received ▁a ▁rear ▁spo iler , ▁Mod ell ista ▁gr ille , ▁and ▁rear ▁b um per ▁prote ctor ▁and ▁everything ▁is ▁color - key ed . ▁Inside , ▁the ▁floor ▁m ats ▁are ▁emb roid |
ered ▁reading ▁" Release ▁Series ". ▁It ▁also ▁got ▁mult icol or ▁dash ▁light ing , ▁a ▁new ▁shift ▁kn ob ▁and ▁a ▁number ed ▁pla que ▁x xxx / 2 5 0 0 . ▁ ▁Saf ety ▁The ▁first ▁generation ▁received ▁a ▁" Good " ▁overall ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁front al ▁offset ▁test , ▁all ▁measured ▁categories ▁in ▁this ▁test ▁were ▁also ▁r ated ▁" Good ". ▁ ▁The ▁x B ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁" Po or " ▁overall ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁side ▁impact ▁test . ▁The ▁x B ▁model ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 6 ▁did ▁not ▁offer ▁side ▁air b ags ▁but ▁includes ▁them ▁for ▁model ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 8 – present . ▁ ▁Second ▁generation ▁( E 1 5 0 ; ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁The ▁second - gener ation ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁is ▁sty led ▁as ▁a ▁ 5 - door ▁h atch back ▁of ▁the ▁t 2 B ▁concept ▁un ve iled ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁New ▁York ▁Auto ▁Show . ▁Toy ota ▁un ve iled ▁the ▁production ▁x B ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Chicago ▁Auto ▁Show . ▁The ▁new ▁x B ▁was ▁less ▁bo xy ▁in ▁shape ▁and ▁larger ▁than ▁its ▁prede cess or . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁model ▁year ▁x B ▁is ▁ ▁wider , ▁ ▁longer ▁- ▁including ▁ ▁longer ▁wheel ▁to ▁wheel ▁- ▁and ▁over ▁ ▁heav ier |
▁than ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁x B . ▁ ▁The ▁first - gener ation ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁was ▁very ▁similar ▁to ▁its ▁original ▁b B ▁insp iration , ▁but ▁the ▁second - gener ation ▁x B ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁American ▁buy ers ' ▁" w ants " ▁relative ▁to ▁the ▁first - gener ation , ▁combined ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁sty ling ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁b B . ▁The ▁sales ▁of ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁pl um met ed ▁after ▁the ▁switch ▁from ▁the ▁compact ▁first - gener ation ▁to ▁the ▁much ▁larger ▁second - gener ation ▁x B 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁K anto ▁Auto ▁Works , ▁Ltd . ▁based ▁in ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Japanese ▁earth qu ake , ▁production ▁was ▁susp ended ▁from ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁affect ing ▁several ▁Toy ota ▁vehicles , ▁including ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁and ▁Sc ion ▁x D . ▁ ▁Pl ants ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁dis aster ▁included ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Motor ▁H ok ka ido ▁Plant , ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Motor ▁T oh oku ▁Plant , ▁and ▁the ▁Central ▁Motor ▁Corporation ▁Mi y agi ▁Plant , ▁which ▁produces ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Y aris . ▁ ▁The ▁second - gener ation ▁x B ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 . 4 L ▁straight - 4 |
▁Toy ota ▁ 2 A Z - FE ▁engine ▁r ated ▁at ▁ ▁and ▁, ▁shared ▁with ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁t C ▁and ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Cam ry , ▁which ▁at ▁ ▁city ▁/ ▁ ▁h wy ▁has ▁a ▁higher ▁fuel ▁consumption ▁than ▁the ▁previous ▁model ' s ▁ 1 . 5 L ▁engine ▁( ▁city ▁/ ▁ ▁h wy ). ▁A ▁five - speed ▁manual ▁and ▁a ▁sequ ential - shift ▁four - speed ▁automatic ▁are ▁the ▁only ▁factory ▁options ▁aside ▁from ▁the ▁color ▁and ▁s tere o . ▁ ▁A ▁choice ▁of ▁three ▁new ▁head ▁units ▁is ▁available ▁on ▁all ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Sc ions . ▁All ▁sound ▁systems ▁feature ▁six ▁speak ers ▁and ▁standard ▁i Pod ▁connect ivity . ▁The ▁base ▁head ▁unit ▁has ▁MP 3 , ▁W MA , ▁and ▁A AC ▁CD ▁compatibility ▁and ▁Sc ion ' s ▁S SP ▁equal izer ▁pres ets . ▁The ▁base ▁unit ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁set ▁to ▁any ▁of ▁three ▁Sc ion ▁model ▁pres ets ▁( x B , ▁x D , ▁or ▁t C ) ▁and ▁includes ▁an ▁" Autom atic ▁Sound ▁Level izer " ▁feature ▁that ▁automatically ▁increases ▁the ▁volume ▁as ▁the ▁vehicle ▁speed ▁and ▁ambient ▁noise ▁increases . ▁The ▁Prem ium ▁head ▁unit ▁features ▁a ▁small ▁L CD ▁that ▁can ▁display ▁pictures ▁and ▁mov ies ▁downloaded ▁from ▁P ione er ' s ▁website ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁features ▁on ▁the ▁base ▁unit . ▁A ▁navigation ▁system ▁is ▁also ▁available . ▁The ▁S NS ▁ |
1 0 0 ▁system ▁can ▁play ▁DVD ▁mov ies ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁G PS ▁functionality ▁and ▁the ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁base ▁system , ▁aside ▁from ▁the ▁back lit ▁color ▁choices . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁model ▁year , ▁a ▁new ▁radio ▁with ▁bl uetooth ▁became ▁standard . ▁ ▁All ▁x B s ▁come ▁standard ▁with ▁four - w heel ▁anti - lock ▁bra kes , ▁bra ke ▁assist , ▁electronic ▁bra ke force ▁distribution , ▁Ve h icle ▁St ability ▁Control ▁driver ▁and ▁front ▁passenger ▁dual ▁stage ▁air b ags , ▁front ▁seat - mount ed ▁side ▁tor so ▁air b ags , ▁front ▁and ▁rear ▁side ▁cur tain ▁air b ags , ▁and ▁a ▁first - a id ▁k it . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁x B ▁was ▁chosen ▁by ▁cars . com ▁as ▁a ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁Best ▁Base ▁Model . ▁ ▁Saf ety ▁The ▁second - gener ation ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁has ▁won ▁the ▁Top ▁Saf ety ▁Pick ▁award ▁by ▁the ▁In sur ance ▁Institute ▁for ▁Highway ▁Saf ety ▁( II HS ) ▁for ▁six ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁It ▁received ▁an ▁overall ▁" Good " ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁In sur ance ▁Institute ▁for ▁Highway ▁Saf ety ▁front al ▁offset ▁crash ▁test , ▁and ▁another ▁" Good " ▁overall ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁side ▁impact ▁crash ▁test , ▁with ▁all ▁nine ▁measured ▁categories ▁also ▁r ated ▁" Good ". ▁And ▁a ▁" |
Good " ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁roof ▁strength ▁test . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Car ▁and ▁Driver ▁magazine ▁r ated ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁x B ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁safe ▁vehicles ▁under ▁. ▁ ▁Release ▁series ▁vehicles ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁model ▁year ▁▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 5 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Gold ▁R ush ▁M ica ▁with ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁( second ▁R S ▁Sc ion ▁other ▁than ▁the ▁t C ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁sun ro of ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 6 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Ab sol utely ▁Red ▁with ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁The ▁R S ▁ 6 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 1 , 7 4 3 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 7 . 0 ▁with ▁a ▁four - pie ce ▁D AM D ▁body ▁k it , ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Mur as aki ▁( P ur ple ), ▁with ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁The ▁R S ▁ 7 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 3 0 0 0 ▁to ▁the ▁base ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 8 . 0 ▁with ▁a ▁four - pie ce ▁Ken style ▁body ▁k it , ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁V ood oo ▁Blue , ▁with ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁units ▁produced ▁The |
▁R S ▁ 8 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 2 , 4 0 5 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 9 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Hot ▁L ava ▁with ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced . ▁The ▁R S ▁ 9 . 0 ▁added ▁$ 1 , 8 1 0 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁ 1 0 ▁Series ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Silver ▁Ign ition ▁with ▁ 2 1 0 0 ▁units ▁produced . ▁Sc ion ▁ 1 0 ▁Series ▁models ▁were ▁built ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁brand . ▁The ▁x B ▁model ▁includes ▁unique ▁Silver ▁Ign ition ▁exterior ▁color , ▁ill umin ating ▁exterior ▁Sc ion ▁bad ges ▁( front ▁and ▁rear ), ▁P ione er ▁touch ▁screen ▁audio ▁system , ▁solar - charg ed ▁ill umin ating ▁shift ▁kn ob , ▁individually ▁number ed ▁interior ▁bad ge , ▁graph ite ▁finish ▁ 1 6 " ▁al loy ▁whe els , ▁and ▁jack - kn ife ▁keys . ▁The ▁ 1 0 ▁Series ▁added ▁$ 2 , 4 1 0 ▁to ▁the ▁MS R P . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁model ▁year ▁ ▁x B ▁R S ▁ 1 0 . 0 ▁only ▁available ▁in ▁Electric ▁Quart z ▁with ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁units ▁produced . ▁E qui pped ▁with ▁green ▁Sc ion ▁logo ▁projection |
▁on ▁the ▁rear ▁b um per , ▁green ▁Release ▁Series ▁logo ▁and ▁matching ▁number ▁project ed ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁floor ▁m ats , ▁wireless ▁charg ing ▁bin , ▁green ▁interior ▁pattern , ▁backup ▁camera , ▁P iano ▁Black ▁inser ts ▁and ▁T ung sten ▁wheel ▁covers . ▁ ▁Sc ion ▁R IDE ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 : 1 8 ▁R ide maker z ▁model ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁second - gener ation ▁Sc ion ▁x B . ▁The ▁body ▁was ▁available ▁in ▁C annon ball ▁Black , ▁Com et ▁Blue ▁and ▁Was abi ▁Green . ▁ ▁The ▁ 7 : 8 ▁full - s ized ▁concept ▁and ▁the ▁to y ▁were ▁un ve iled ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁SE MA ▁Show . ▁ ▁Toy ota ▁Cor ol la ▁Rum ion ▁( E 1 5 0 N , ▁ 2 0 0 7 – ) ▁ ▁A ▁differently ▁sty led ▁version ▁for ▁the ▁Japanese ▁market . ▁ ▁Toy ota ▁R uk us ▁( 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁A ▁differently ▁sty led ▁version ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁market , ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 . 4 l ▁ 2 A Z - FE ▁engine ▁and ▁a ▁four - speed ▁semi - autom atic ▁g ear box , ▁released ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁model ▁year ▁update ▁Sc ion ▁announced ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁that ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁model , ▁on ▁sale ▁late ▁March ▁ 2 |
0 1 0 , ▁is ▁being ▁given ▁a ▁refresh . ▁Two ▁new ▁colors ▁are ▁available , ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁minor ▁changes ▁to ▁the ▁exterior ▁body , ▁including ▁a ▁re vised ▁front ▁and ▁rear ▁b um per , ▁new ▁front ▁gr ille , ▁and ▁new ▁head light s ▁and ▁tail ▁lights . ▁The ▁interior ▁changes ▁include ▁a ▁re vised ▁gauge ▁cluster , ▁center ▁console ▁and ▁new ▁driver ▁and ▁front ▁passenger ▁seats ▁with ▁new ▁materials . ▁The ▁MS R P ▁r ises ▁ ▁to ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁manual ▁and ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁automatic ▁transmission . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁went ▁on ▁sale ▁in ▁Canada ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁entire ▁Sc ion ▁line up . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁model ▁year ▁update ▁For ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁model ▁year , ▁Sc ion ▁made ▁a ▁few ▁enh anc ements ▁including ▁rem ode led ▁front ▁and ▁rear ▁b ump ers ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁interior ▁up gr ades ▁including ▁the ▁optional ▁Be S po ke ▁radio . ▁New ▁colors ▁are ▁Ab sol utely ▁Red ▁and ▁N aut ical ▁Blue ▁Met all ic ▁( Ab sol utely ▁Red ▁was ▁available ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁as ▁R S ▁ 6 . 0 ). ▁St ing ray ▁Met all ic ▁and ▁El us ive ▁Blue ▁Met all ic ▁colors ▁were ▁dropped ▁( St ing ray ▁Met all ic ▁was ▁a ▁very ▁expensive ▁color ▁and ▁Toy ota ▁no ▁longer ▁offers ▁it ▁on ▁any ▁model ). ▁Sales ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 |
0 1 3 ▁model ▁began ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁model ▁year ▁update ▁Sales ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁model ▁began ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁No ▁major ▁changes ▁for ▁this ▁model ▁year . ▁All ▁models ▁now ▁come ▁with ▁a ▁standard ▁Sc ion ▁ 6 . 1 - inch ▁display ▁touch ▁screen ▁audio ▁system . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁model ▁year ▁update ▁Sales ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁model ▁began ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁For ▁the ▁new ▁model ▁year , ▁Sc ion ▁added ▁a ▁standard ▁backup ▁camera ▁to ▁the ▁x B ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁continu ing ▁the ▁updates ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Dis continu ation ▁and ▁replacement ▁The ▁Sc ion ▁x B , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Matrix , ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁second ▁generation ▁Toy ota ▁Aur is - based ▁Sc ion ▁i M , ▁which ▁launched ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁model ▁year . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁dis continu ation ▁of ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁marque , ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁i M ▁was ▁re - brand ed ▁as ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁Cor ol la ▁i M ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁model ▁year . ▁The ▁equivalent ▁Australian - market ▁Toy ota ▁R uk us ▁was ▁dis cont in ued ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁the ▁Japanese - market ▁Toy ota ▁Cor ol la |
▁Rum ion ▁was ▁dis cont in ued ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Electric ▁vehicles ▁AC ▁Prop ulsion ▁has ▁produced ▁an ▁electric ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁x B ▁called ▁the ▁e Box . ▁ ▁Research ers ▁at ▁Car neg ie ▁M ell on ▁University ' s ▁Rob ot ics ▁Institute ▁have ▁converted ▁a ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁into ▁a ▁comm uter ▁electric ▁vehicle ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁Char ge Car ▁research ▁project . ▁ ▁Sc ion ▁market ing ▁The ▁Sc ion ▁x B ' s ▁market ing ▁is ▁aim ed ▁at ▁Generation ▁Y , ▁Americans ▁born ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁This ▁group ▁of ▁car ▁buy ers ▁is ▁extremely ▁important ▁to ▁manufact ur ers ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁large ▁numbers ▁( 7 8 ▁million ) ▁and ▁their ▁differ ing ▁per ception s ▁and ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁vehicles ▁they ▁drive . ▁Despite ▁the ▁Sc ion ▁x B ' s ▁target ▁market , ▁the ▁average ▁age ▁of ▁an ▁x B ▁bu yer ▁is ▁ 4 6 . ▁ ▁Although ▁Toy ota ▁expected ▁the ▁x A ▁to ▁sell ▁better ▁than ▁the ▁x B , ▁the ▁reverse ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁true , ▁with ▁the ▁x B ▁out s elling ▁its ▁sib ling ▁ 2 ▁to ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁Sales ▁The ▁Sc ion ▁x B ▁was ▁Sc ion ' s ▁most ▁popular ▁model ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁sur pass ed ▁by ▁the |
▁t C . ▁In ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁sales ▁of ▁the ▁x B ▁have ▁been ▁dro pping ▁after ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁generation , ▁from ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁over ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 7 , 0 1 7 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Chinese ▁copy ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Great ▁Wall ▁Motor ▁of ▁China ▁released ▁the ▁C ool b ear , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁first - gener ation ▁x B , ▁but ▁with ▁a ▁different ▁front ▁end . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁AC ▁Prop ulsion ▁e Box ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁x B ▁Category : Front - w heel - drive ▁vehicles ▁Category : Sub comp act ▁cars ▁Category : Comp act ▁cars ▁Category : H atch back s ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁cars ▁Category : C ars ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁E ▁( M rs ) ▁v ▁E ve , ▁[ 1 9 8 6 ] ▁ 2 ▁S . C . R . ▁ 3 8 8 ▁is ▁a ▁judgment ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁regarding ▁a ▁mother ' s ▁request ▁for ▁the ▁consent ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁to ▁have ▁her ▁disabled ▁daughter ▁ster il ized . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁land mark ▁case ▁which ▁is ▁influ ential ▁in ▁Canadian ▁legal ▁dec isions ▁involving ▁proxy - cons ented , ▁non - ther ape ut ic ▁medical ▁procedures ▁performed ▁on ▁people ▁of ▁dimin ished ▁mental |
▁capacity . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Case ▁E ve ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 4 - year - old ▁woman ▁suffering ▁from ▁" ext reme ▁express ive ▁a phas ia " ▁and ▁was ▁at ▁least ▁" m ild ly ▁to ▁moder ately ▁ret arded " ▁with ▁learning ▁skills ▁at ▁a ▁limited ▁level . ▁She ▁spent ▁the ▁week ▁at ▁a ▁school ▁for ▁adult s ▁with ▁mental ▁dis abilities , ▁and ▁went ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁home ▁on ▁the ▁week ends . ▁ ▁Administr ators ▁at ▁E ve ' s ▁care ▁facility ▁noticed ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁developing ▁a ▁close ▁relationship ▁with ▁a ▁male ▁resident , ▁also ▁disabled , ▁and ▁became ▁concerned . ▁ ▁Mrs . ▁E , ▁also , ▁was ▁concerned ▁that ▁E ve ▁might ▁innoc ently ▁become ▁pre gn ant . ▁ ▁Her ▁dis ability ▁prevent ed ▁her ▁from ▁understanding ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁marriage ▁or ▁the ▁" con sequ ential ▁relationship ▁between ▁inter course , ▁pre gn ancy ▁and ▁birth ," ▁and ▁she ▁would ▁be ▁unable ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁necessary ▁duties ▁of ▁mother hood . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁ensure ▁she ▁had ▁the ▁right , ▁as ▁E ve ' s ▁substitute ▁decision - maker , ▁to ▁consent ▁to ▁the ▁ster il ization ▁procedure , ▁Mrs . ▁E ▁requested ▁that : ▁E ve ▁be ▁declared ▁a ▁ment ally ▁in comp et ent ▁purs u ant ▁to ▁the ▁prov isions ▁of ▁the ▁M ental ▁Health ▁Act ▁She ▁( M rs . ▁E .) ▁be ▁appointed ▁the ▁committee ▁of ▁the ▁person ▁of ▁E ve ▁Mrs . |
▁E . ▁be ▁author ized ▁to ▁consent ▁to ▁a ▁tub al ▁lig ation ▁operation ▁being ▁performed ▁on ▁E ve . ▁ ▁A ▁major ▁concern ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁was ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁tub al ▁lig ation , ▁in ▁this ▁instance , ▁was ▁non - ther ape ut ic ▁( i . e . ▁not ▁necessary ▁for ▁medical ▁reasons ) ▁and ▁that ▁a ▁h yst ere ct omy , ▁which ▁was ▁" author ized ▁by ▁the ▁App e al ▁Division ", ▁was ▁major ▁surg ery . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁arguments ▁made ▁against ▁Mrs . ▁E . ▁was ▁that ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Char ter ▁of ▁Rights ▁and ▁Fre ed oms ▁was ▁that ▁a ▁court - ordered ▁ster il ization ▁of ▁this ▁person ▁of ▁dimin ished ▁capacity ▁was ▁dep riv ing ▁that ▁person ▁of ▁her ▁right ▁to ▁pro create , ▁in fr ing ing ▁on ▁E ve ' s ▁right ▁to ▁liberty ▁and ▁security . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁r ul ings ▁In ▁the ▁Family ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island , ▁Mrs . ▁E .' s ▁requests ▁were ▁denied . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁judge ▁had ▁no ▁issue ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁pet itions ▁( i . e . ▁the ▁appointment ▁of ▁Mrs . ▁E . ▁as ▁E ve ' s ▁formal ▁guard ian ), ▁he ▁rejected ▁the ▁third , ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁that ▁substitute ▁decision ▁mak ers ▁cannot ▁consent ▁to ▁non - ther ape ut ic ▁surg ical ▁procedures . ▁ ▁On ▁appeal , ▁the ▁original ▁r uling ▁was ▁over turn ed . ▁ |
▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁judge ▁panel ▁stated ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁sufficient ▁evidence ▁to ▁war rant ▁the ▁ster il ization ▁of ▁E ve , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁par ens ▁pat ria e ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁allowed ▁it ▁to ▁consent , ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁in comp et ent ▁individual , ▁to ▁th era pe ut ic ▁surg ical ▁procedures . ▁ ▁That ▁court ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁par ens ▁pat ria e ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁the ▁in comp et ent ▁individual , ▁and ▁that ▁sufficient ▁evidence ▁had ▁been ▁presented ▁to ▁conv ince ▁them ▁that ▁ster il ization ▁was ▁in ▁E ve ' s ▁best ▁interest . ▁ ▁R uling ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada , ▁however , ▁ruled ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁E ve , ▁and ▁un anim ously ▁rejected ▁Mrs . ▁E .' s ▁request ▁for ▁authorization ▁to ▁perform ▁a ▁ster il ization ▁procedure . ▁ ▁The ▁opinion ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁was ▁that ▁" bar ring ▁emer gency ▁situations , ▁a ▁surg ical ▁procedure ▁without ▁consent ▁ordin arily ▁constit utes ▁battery , ▁[ and ] ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁obvious ▁that ▁the ▁on us ▁of ▁prov ing ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁the ▁procedure ▁is ▁on ▁those ▁who ▁seek ▁to ▁have ▁it ▁performed ... In ▁conduct ing ▁these ▁procedures , ▁it ▁is ▁obvious ▁that ▁a ▁court ▁must ▁proceed ▁with ▁extreme ▁ca ution ; ▁otherwise ... it ▁would ▁open ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁ab use ▁of ▁the ▁ment ally ▁in comp et ent , ▁... |
[ they ] ▁would ▁allow ▁the ▁appeal ▁and ▁restore ▁the ▁decision " ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁court , ▁which ▁had ▁rejected ▁the ▁pet ition . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁cases ▁( D ick son ▁Court ) ▁ ▁Mar ion ' s ▁case ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : S up reme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁cases ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁in ▁Canadian ▁case ▁law ▁Category : Children ' s ▁rights <0x0A> </s> ▁Bal da ▁Garden ▁is ▁a ▁botan ical ▁garden ▁which ▁sp ans ▁ ▁of ▁land ▁located ▁at ▁W ari ▁in ▁the ▁old ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁D h aka , ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁Bang l adesh . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁ 6 7 2 ▁species ▁of ▁plants . ▁The ▁Bal da ▁Garden ▁is ▁now ▁managed ▁as ▁a ▁satellite ▁unit ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Botan ical ▁Garden ▁by ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry . ▁ ▁Bal da ▁Garden ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁Botan ical ▁Gard ens ▁in ▁Bang l adesh . ▁The ▁garden ▁is ▁en rich ed ▁with ▁rare ▁plant ▁species ▁collected ▁from ▁different ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁History ▁Bal da ▁Garden ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁botan ical ▁gard ens ▁established ▁in ▁this ▁part ▁of ▁Beng al . ▁Nar endra ▁Nar ay an ▁Roy ▁Ch aud h ury , ▁land l ord ▁of ▁the ▁Est ate ▁of ▁Bal da , ▁began ▁creating ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁add ▁to ▁it ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in |
▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁He ▁simultaneously ▁built ▁up ▁a ▁museum ▁collection , ▁which ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Bal da ▁Museum . ▁The ▁museum ▁collections ▁are ▁now ▁hous ed ▁at ▁the ▁Bang l adesh ▁National ▁Museum . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Christian ▁c emetery ▁in ▁W ari ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁M unt as ir ▁Mam un , ▁D h aka : ▁Sm rit i ▁B ism rit ir ▁N og ory , ▁Volume - 2 , ▁P g - ▁ 1 4 2 - 1 4 3 , ▁Ann ana ▁Publications . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁Survey ▁of ▁Bang l adesh , ▁A si ate k ▁Society , ▁Architecture , ▁A si ate k ▁Society ▁of ▁Bang l adesh . ▁ ▁Category : B ot an ical ▁gard ens ▁in ▁Bang l adesh ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁D h aka <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁Ch ess ▁Association ▁( M CA ) ▁is ▁the ▁a pe x ▁body ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁of ▁ch ess ▁in ▁Mah ar as ht ra , ▁India . ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁and ▁is ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁All ▁India ▁Ch ess ▁Federation . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁first ▁ch ess ▁association ▁in ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁is ▁South ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁Ch ess ▁Club ▁which ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁the ▁Sang ali ▁Ch ess ▁Society ▁was ▁established . ▁Again ▁in ▁ |
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