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▁heads ▁east ▁before ▁turning ▁sout heast ▁onto ▁Bel mont ▁Turn pi ke , ▁entering ▁agricult ural ▁areas ▁with ▁some ▁woods ▁and ▁resid ences . ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁intersect s ▁the ▁northern ▁termin us ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 9 6 , ▁which ▁continues ▁south ▁on ▁Bel mont ▁Turn pi ke , ▁and ▁turns ▁east ▁onto ▁C ream ton ▁Road . ▁The ▁road ▁passes ▁through ▁more ▁rural ▁areas , ▁turning ▁n ortheast ▁and ▁intersect ing ▁PA ▁ 1 7 0 ▁in ▁C ream ton . ▁The ▁route ▁heads ▁through ▁more ▁far ml and ▁and ▁wood land ▁with ▁some ▁homes , ▁crossing ▁into ▁Mount ▁Ple asant ▁Township ▁and ▁intersect ing ▁PA ▁ 6 7 0 . ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁heads ▁through ▁more ▁rural ▁areas ▁and ▁curves ▁more ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁coming ▁to ▁an ▁intersection ▁with ▁PA ▁ 3 7 1 . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁the ▁route ▁forms ▁a ▁short ▁conc urrency ▁with ▁PA ▁ 3 7 1 ▁before ▁that ▁route ▁spl its ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁in ▁Ni ag ara . ▁The ▁road ▁continues ▁north ▁through ▁more ▁wood ed ▁areas ▁with ▁some ▁far ml and ▁and ▁resid ences , ▁passing ▁through ▁R udes ▁Cor ner ▁and ▁Rock ▁Lake . ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁heads ▁into ▁Pr eston ▁Township ▁and ▁wind s ▁to ▁the ▁n ortheast , ▁becoming ▁White ▁Rock ▁Drive . ▁The ▁road ▁enters ▁Buck ingham ▁Township ▁and ▁turns ▁to ▁the ▁north west , ▁crossing ▁back ▁into ▁Pr eston ▁Township . ▁The ▁route ▁passes ▁through ▁another ▁corner ▁of ▁Buck ingham |
▁Township ▁prior ▁to ▁heading ▁into ▁Pr eston ▁Township ▁again ▁and ▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Lake ▁Como . ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁wind s ▁through ▁for ested ▁areas ▁near ▁Lower ▁T win ▁Lake ▁and ▁Upper ▁T win ▁Lake , ▁ending ▁at ▁an ▁intersection ▁with ▁PA ▁ 3 7 0 ▁near ▁Pr eston ▁Park . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁portion ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁along ▁the ▁Bel mont ▁Turn pi ke ▁near ▁the ▁northern ▁termin us ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 9 6 ▁follows ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁alignment ▁of ▁the ▁Bel mont ▁and ▁East on ▁Turn pi ke , ▁a ▁turn pi ke ▁that ▁was ▁char tered ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 1 2 ▁to ▁run ▁along ▁the ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁road ▁between ▁the ▁East on ▁and ▁Wil kes - Bar re ▁Turn pi ke ▁in ▁North am pton ▁County ▁and ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Bel mont ▁in ▁Mount ▁Ple asant ▁Township , ▁Wayne ▁County . ▁The ▁turn pi ke ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 9 - 1 8 2 0 . ▁The ▁Bel mont ▁and ▁East on ▁Turn pi ke ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁transport ▁cattle ▁and ▁sheep ▁from ▁Western ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁East on ▁and ▁Philadelphia . ▁The ▁turn pi ke ▁saw ▁heavy ▁traffic ▁in ▁its ▁early ▁days ▁but ▁traffic ▁would ▁decl ine ▁with ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁rail ro ads ▁and ▁other ▁roads . ▁When ▁Pennsylvania ▁legisl ated ▁routes ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 , ▁what ▁would ▁become ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁between ▁Cl |
iff ord ▁and ▁Forest ▁City ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁Legisl ative ▁Route ▁ 2 9 6 . ▁▁ ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁was ▁designated ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁to ▁run ▁from ▁US ▁ 6 ▁( Main ▁Street ) ▁in ▁Bla k ely ▁north ▁to ▁an ▁un number ed ▁road ▁( present - day ▁T 6 8 2 ) ▁north ▁of ▁Rock ▁Lake . ▁The ▁route ▁followed ▁its ▁current ▁alignment ▁to ▁Mont dale ▁before ▁it ▁continued ▁north west ▁along ▁present - day ▁PA ▁ 4 3 8 ▁and ▁Jordan ▁H ollow ▁Road ▁to ▁PA ▁ 1 0 7 . ▁Here , ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁turned ▁east ▁briefly ▁on ▁PA ▁ 1 0 7 ▁prior ▁to ▁heading ▁north ▁on ▁W orth ▁Church ▁Road ▁and ▁east ▁on ▁C ream ery ▁Road , ▁b ending ▁back ▁north ▁again . ▁The ▁route ▁cur ved ▁east ▁and ▁became ▁Airport ▁Road , ▁pick ing ▁up ▁its ▁current ▁alignment ▁again ▁and ▁continu ing ▁to ▁north ▁of ▁Rock ▁Lake . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁the ▁section ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁between ▁Bla k ely ▁and ▁Mont dale ▁was ▁p aved ▁while ▁the ▁remainder ▁was ▁un p aved . ▁PA ▁ 1 4 7 ▁was ▁designated ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁to ▁run ▁from ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 / PA ▁ 3 4 7 ▁in ▁Mont dale ▁north ▁to ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁in ▁D und aff ▁along ▁an ▁un p aved ▁road . ▁By ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁PA ▁ 2 |
4 7 ▁was ▁p aved ▁between ▁Mont dale ▁and ▁north west ▁of ▁Scott ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Wh ites ▁Valley ▁while ▁a ▁section ▁along ▁Jordan ▁H ollow ▁Road ▁was ▁under ▁construction . ▁Also ▁by ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁PA ▁ 1 4 7 ▁was ▁p aved ▁between ▁US ▁ 1 0 6 ▁( now ▁PA ▁ 1 0 6 ) ▁and ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁L ack aw anna ▁and ▁Sus que h anna ▁count ies ▁and ▁was ▁under ▁construction ▁between ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁in ▁Mont dale ▁and ▁US ▁ 1 0 6 . ▁By ▁this ▁time , ▁the ▁road ▁between ▁Mount ▁C obb ▁and ▁Jess up ▁was ▁an ▁un number ed , ▁un p aved ▁road . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁was ▁extended ▁north ▁to ▁PA ▁ 5 7 0 ▁( now ▁PA ▁ 3 7 0 ) ▁near ▁Pr eston ▁Park ▁while ▁PA ▁ 2 4 8 ▁was ▁designated ▁to ▁run ▁from ▁PA ▁ 3 4 8 ▁in ▁Mount ▁C obb ▁north ▁to ▁US ▁ 6 ▁( Main ▁Street ) ▁in ▁W inton . ▁The ▁entire ▁length ▁of ▁both ▁PA ▁ 1 4 7 ▁and ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁were ▁p aved ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁was ▁real igned ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁route ▁between ▁Mont dale ▁and ▁D und aff ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁replacing ▁the ▁entire ▁length ▁of ▁PA |
▁ 1 4 7 ; ▁the ▁former ▁alignment ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁that ▁ran ▁further ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁became ▁un number ed . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁route ▁was ▁extended ▁south ▁from ▁Bla k ely ▁to ▁PA ▁ 3 4 8 ▁in ▁Mount ▁C obb , ▁replacing ▁the ▁entire ▁length ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 4 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁the ▁south ▁end ▁of ▁PA ▁ 2 4 7 ▁was ▁extended ▁to ▁an ▁inter change ▁with ▁I - 8 4 . ▁ ▁Major ▁inter sections ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ 2 4 7 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁L ack aw anna ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Sus que h anna ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Wayne ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ ▁Centro - C asp ian ▁D ict ator ship , ▁also ▁called ▁Central - C asp ian ▁D ict ator ship ▁( , ▁D ikt atura ▁T sent rok as pi ya ) ▁( A zer ba ij ani : ▁Sent rok as pi ▁D ikt atur as ı ), ▁was ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁anti - S ov iet ▁administration ▁proc laimed ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁B aku ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁Cre ated ▁from ▁an ▁al liance ▁of ▁Russian ▁Social ist - Re volution aries , ▁Mens he vik s ▁and ▁the ▁D ash nak s , ▁it ▁replaced ▁the ▁B ols he vik ▁B aku ▁Comm une ▁in |
▁a ▁blood less ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁and ▁fell ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁when ▁Ott oman - A zer i ▁forces ▁captured ▁B aku . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁The ▁Central - C asp ian ▁D ict ator ship ▁asked ▁for ▁British ▁help ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁stop ▁the ▁adv ancing ▁Ott oman ▁Army ▁of ▁Islam ▁that ▁was ▁march ing ▁towards ▁B aku . ▁A ▁small ▁British ▁force ▁under ▁General ▁Lion el ▁Dun ster ville ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁B aku ▁and ▁helped ▁the ▁mainly ▁D ash nak - Ar men ian ▁forces ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁capital ▁during ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁B aku . ▁However , ▁B aku ▁was ▁liber ated ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁and ▁an ▁A zer ba ij ani - O tt oman ▁army ▁entered ▁the ▁capital , ▁causing ▁British ▁forces ▁to ▁ev acu ate ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁population ▁to ▁fle e . ▁After ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁signed ▁the ▁Arm ist ice ▁of ▁M ud ros ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁a ▁British ▁occup ational ▁force ▁re - enter ed ▁B aku . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Trans c asp ian ▁Government ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁in ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Category : Post – Russ ian ▁Empire ▁states ▁Category : Ant i - comm un ist ▁organizations <0x0A> |
</s> ▁Brit t any ▁Ly ons ▁is ▁a ▁beauty ▁queen ▁who ▁represented ▁J ama ica ▁in ▁Miss ▁World ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁She ▁has ▁an ▁associate ▁degree ▁in ▁business ▁administration ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Car ib bean , ▁and ▁plans ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁fashion ▁market ing ▁manager . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Miss ▁World ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁deleg ates ▁Category : J ama ican ▁beauty ▁page ant ▁w inners ▁Category : J ama ican ▁people ▁of ▁European ▁descent ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁King ston , ▁J ama ica <0x0A> </s> ▁Val entin ▁Mol itor ▁( 1 5 ▁April ▁ 1 6 3 7 ▁in ▁R app ers w il ▁– ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 7 1 3 ▁in ▁We ing arten , ▁Wür ttemberg ) ▁was ▁a ▁Swiss ▁composer ▁and ▁Bened ict ine ▁mon k . ▁He ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁monaster y ▁of ▁St . ▁G allen . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 3 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 1 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁R app ers w il - J ona <0x0A> </s> ▁Oper ational ▁Technology ▁( OT ) ▁– ▁the ▁hardware ▁and ▁software ▁dedicated ▁to ▁detect ing ▁or ▁causing ▁changes ▁in ▁physical ▁processes ▁through ▁direct ▁monitoring ▁and / or ▁control ▁of ▁physical ▁devices ▁such ▁as ▁val ves , ▁p umps , ▁etc . ▁ ▁Sim |
ply ▁put , ▁O T ▁is ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁computers ▁to ▁monitor ▁or ▁alter ▁the ▁physical ▁state ▁of ▁a ▁system , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁control ▁system ▁for ▁a ▁power ▁station ▁or ▁the ▁control ▁network ▁for ▁a ▁rail ▁system ". ▁The ▁term ▁has ▁become ▁established ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁the ▁techn ological ▁and ▁functional ▁differences ▁between ▁traditional ▁IT ▁systems ▁and ▁Indust rial ▁Control ▁Systems ▁environment , ▁the ▁so - called ▁" IT ▁in ▁the ▁non - car pet ed ▁areas ". ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁oper ational ▁technology ▁include : ▁ ▁P LC s ▁ ▁SC AD A ▁ ▁D CS ▁ ▁Computer ▁N umer ical ▁Control ▁( CN C ) ▁systems , ▁including ▁computer ized ▁machine ▁tools ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁equipment ▁( e . g . ▁digital ▁oscill os cop es ) ▁Building ▁Management ▁and ▁Building ▁Autom ation ▁Systems , ▁( B MS )/ ( B AS ) ▁Light ing ▁controls ▁both ▁for ▁internal ▁and ▁external ▁applications ▁Energy ▁monitoring , ▁security ▁and ▁safety ▁systems ▁for ▁the ▁built ▁environment ▁Transport ation ▁systems ▁for ▁the ▁built ▁environment ▁ ▁Technology ▁ ▁Usually ▁environments ▁containing ▁Indust rial ▁Control ▁Systems ▁( IC S ), ▁such ▁as : ▁super vis ory ▁control ▁and ▁data ▁ac quisition ▁( SC AD A ) ▁systems , ▁distributed ▁control ▁systems ▁( D CS ), ▁Rem ote ▁Terminal ▁Unit ▁( RT U ) ▁and ▁program m able ▁logic ▁controllers ▁( PL C ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁dedicated ▁networks ▁and ▁organization ▁units . ▁The ▁built ▁environment , ▁whether ▁commercial ▁or ▁domestic , ▁is ▁increasing ly ▁controlled ▁and ▁monitor |
ed ▁via ▁ 1 0 ' s , 1 0 0 ' s ▁and ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 s ▁of ▁Internet ▁of ▁Things ▁( I o T ) ▁devices . ▁In ▁this ▁application ▁space , ▁these ▁Io T ▁devices ▁are ▁both ▁inter connected ▁via ▁conver ged ▁technology ▁edge ▁Io T ▁platforms ▁and ▁or ▁via ▁" Cloud " ▁based ▁applications . ▁Em bed ded ▁Systems ▁are ▁also ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁sphere ▁of ▁oper ational ▁technology ▁( e . g . ▁S MA RT ▁instrument ation ), ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁large ▁subset ▁of ▁scientific ▁data ▁ac quisition , ▁control ▁& ▁computing ▁devices . ▁An ▁O T ▁device ▁could ▁be ▁as ▁small ▁as ▁the ▁e cu ▁of ▁a ▁car ▁or ▁as ▁large ▁as ▁the ▁distributed ▁control ▁network ▁for ▁a ▁national ▁electric ity ▁grid . ▁ ▁Systems ▁ ▁Systems ▁that ▁process ▁oper ational ▁data ▁( including ▁electronic , ▁tele communic ations , ▁computer ▁systems ▁and ▁technical ▁components ) ▁are ▁included ▁under ▁the ▁term ▁oper ational ▁technology . ▁ ▁O T ▁systems ▁can ▁be ▁required ▁to ▁control ▁val ves , ▁engines , ▁convey ors ▁and ▁other ▁machines ▁to ▁reg ulate ▁various ▁process ▁values , ▁such ▁as ▁temperature , ▁pressure , ▁flow , ▁and ▁to ▁monitor ▁them ▁to ▁prevent ▁ha z ard ous ▁conditions . ▁O T ▁systems ▁use ▁various ▁techn ologies ▁for ▁hardware ▁design ▁and ▁communic ations ▁protocol s , ▁that ▁are ▁unknown ▁in ▁IT . ▁Common ▁problems ▁include ▁supporting ▁legacy ▁systems ▁& ▁devices ▁and ▁numerous ▁vendor ▁architect ures ▁and ▁standards . ▁ ▁Since ▁O T |
▁systems ▁often ▁super v ise ▁industrial ▁processes , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁avail ability ▁must ▁be ▁sust ained . ▁This ▁often ▁means ▁that ▁real ▁time ▁( or ▁near - real ▁time ) ▁processing ▁is ▁required , ▁with ▁high ▁rates ▁of ▁reli ability ▁and ▁avail ability . ▁ ▁Pro tocol s ▁▁ ▁Historical ▁O T ▁networks ▁util ized ▁propriet ary ▁protocol s ▁optimized ▁for ▁the ▁required ▁functions , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁have ▁become ▁adopted ▁as ▁' standard ' ▁industrial ▁communic ations ▁protocol s ▁( e . g . ▁D NP 3 , ▁Mod bus , ▁Prof ibus , ▁L on Work s , ▁D AL I , ▁B AC net , ▁K N X , ▁En O cean ). ▁More ▁recently ▁IT - standard ▁network ▁protocol s ▁are ▁being ▁implemented ▁in ▁O T ▁devices ▁and ▁systems ▁to ▁reduce ▁complexity ▁and ▁increase ▁compatibility ▁with ▁more ▁traditional ▁IT ▁hardware ▁( e . g . ▁TCP / IP ); ▁this ▁however ▁has ▁had ▁a ▁demon stra ble ▁reduction ▁in ▁security ▁for ▁O T ▁systems , ▁which ▁in ▁the ▁past ▁have ▁re lied ▁on ▁air ▁g aps ▁and ▁the ▁in ability ▁to ▁run ▁PC - based ▁mal ware ▁( see ▁St ux net ▁for ▁a ▁well - known ▁example ▁of ▁this ▁change ). ▁ ▁Security ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁very ▁beginning ▁security ▁of ▁Oper ational ▁Technology ▁has ▁re lied ▁almost ▁entirely ▁on ▁the ▁stand alone ▁nature ▁of ▁O T ▁install ations , ▁security ▁by ▁obsc urity . ▁At ▁least ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁O T ▁systems ▁have |
▁become ▁linked ▁to ▁IT ▁systems ▁with ▁the ▁corpor ate ▁goal ▁of ▁w iden ing ▁an ▁organization ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁monitor ▁and ▁adjust ▁its ▁O T ▁systems , ▁which ▁has ▁introduced ▁massive ▁challeng es ▁in ▁se cur ing ▁them . ▁Appro aches ▁known ▁from ▁regular ▁IT ▁are ▁usually ▁replaced ▁or ▁red es igned ▁to ▁align ▁with ▁the ▁O T ▁environment . ▁O T ▁has ▁different ▁prior ities ▁and ▁a ▁different ▁infrastr ucture ▁to ▁protect ▁when ▁compared ▁with ▁IT ; ▁typically ▁IT ▁systems ▁are ▁designed ▁around ▁' Conf ident ial ity , ▁Integr ity , ▁Av ail ability ' ▁( i . e . ▁keep ▁information ▁safe ▁and ▁correct ▁before ▁allowing ▁a ▁user ▁to ▁access ▁it ) ▁whereas ▁O T ▁systems ▁require ▁' Re alt ime ▁control ▁and ▁functionality ▁change ▁flex ibility , ▁Av ail ability , ▁Integr ity , ▁Conf ident ial ity ' ▁to ▁operate ▁effectively ▁( i . e . ▁present ▁the ▁user ▁with ▁information ▁wherever ▁possible ▁and ▁worry ▁about ▁correct ness ▁or ▁confident ial ity ▁after ). ▁ ▁Other ▁challeng es ▁affect ing ▁the ▁security ▁of ▁O T ▁systems ▁include : ▁ ▁O T ▁components ▁are ▁often ▁built ▁without ▁basic ▁IT ▁security ▁requirements ▁being ▁fact ored ▁in , ▁aim ing ▁instead ▁at ▁ach ieving ▁functional ▁goals . ▁These ▁components ▁may ▁be ▁in secure ▁by ▁design ▁and ▁vulner able ▁to ▁cy ber - att acks . ▁ ▁V endor ▁dependency : ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁lack ▁of ▁knowledge ▁related ▁to ▁industrial ▁autom ation , ▁most ▁companies ▁are ▁heavily ▁dependent ▁on ▁their |
▁O T ▁vend ors . ▁This ▁leads ▁to ▁vendor ▁lock - in , ▁er oding ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁implement ▁security ▁fixes . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁As sets : ▁Because ▁of ▁O T ' s ▁role ▁in ▁monitoring ▁and ▁cont rolling ▁critical ▁industrial ▁process , ▁O T ▁systems ▁are ▁very ▁often ▁part ▁of ▁National ▁Crit ical ▁In frastr ucture . ▁As ▁such ▁they ▁may ▁require ▁en hanced ▁security ▁features ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁In frastr ucture ▁ ▁Oper ational ▁Technology ▁is ▁widely ▁used ▁in ▁ref iner ies , ▁power ▁plants , ▁nuclear ▁plants , ▁etc . ▁and ▁as ▁such ▁has ▁become ▁a ▁common , ▁cru cial ▁element ▁of ▁critical ▁infrastr ucture ▁systems . ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁country ▁there ▁are ▁increasing ▁legal ▁oblig ations ▁for ▁Crit ical ▁In frastr ucture ▁operators ▁with ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁O T ▁systems . ▁In ▁addition ▁certainly ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ' s ▁of ▁buildings ▁have ▁had ▁Io T ▁building ▁management , ▁autom ation ▁and ▁smart ▁light ing ▁control ▁solutions ▁fitted . ▁These ▁solutions ▁have ▁either ▁no ▁proper ▁security ▁or ▁very ▁in ade qu ate ▁security ▁capabilities ▁either ▁designed ▁in ▁or ▁applied . ▁This ▁has ▁recently ▁led ▁to ▁bad ▁actors ▁explo iting ▁such ▁solutions ' ▁vulner abilities ▁with ▁r ans om ware ▁attacks ▁causing ▁system ▁lock ▁out s , ▁oper ational ▁fail ures ▁expos ing ▁business es ▁operating ▁in ▁such ▁buildings ▁to ▁the ▁immense ▁ris ks ▁to ▁health ▁and ▁safety , ▁operations , ▁brand |
▁reputation ▁and ▁financial ▁damage . ▁ ▁Govern ance ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁strong ▁focus ▁put ▁on ▁subjects ▁like ▁IT / OT ▁co operation ▁or ▁IT / OT ▁alignment ▁in ▁the ▁modern ▁industrial ▁setting . ▁It ▁is ▁cru cial ▁for ▁the ▁companies ▁to ▁build ▁close ▁co operation ▁between ▁IT ▁and ▁O T ▁depart ments , ▁resulting ▁in ▁increased ▁effect iveness ▁in ▁many ▁areas ▁of ▁O T ▁and ▁IT ▁systems ▁al ike ▁( such ▁as ▁change ▁management , ▁incident ▁management ▁and ▁security ▁standards ). ▁ ▁A ▁typical ▁restriction ▁is ▁the ▁ref us al ▁to ▁allow ▁O T ▁systems ▁to ▁perform ▁safety ▁functions ▁( part icular ly ▁in ▁the ▁nuclear ▁environment ), ▁instead ▁re lying ▁on ▁hard - w ired ▁control ▁systems ▁to ▁perform ▁such ▁functions ; ▁this ▁decision ▁st ems ▁from ▁the ▁widely ▁recognized ▁issue ▁with ▁subst anti ating ▁software ▁( e . g . ▁code ▁may ▁perform ▁margin ally ▁differently ▁once ▁compiled ). ▁The ▁St ux net ▁mal ware ▁is ▁one ▁driver ▁behind ▁this , ▁highlight ing ▁the ▁potential ▁for ▁dis aster ▁should ▁a ▁safety ▁system ▁become ▁inf ected ▁with ▁mal ware ▁( wh ether ▁target ed ▁at ▁that ▁system ▁or ▁accident ally ▁inf ected ). ▁ ▁S ectors ▁ ▁Oper ational ▁Technology ▁is ▁util ized ▁in ▁many ▁se ctors ▁and ▁environments , ▁such ▁as : ▁ ▁O il ▁& ▁Gas ▁ ▁Power ▁and ▁Util ities ▁ ▁Chem ical s ▁manufact uring ▁ ▁Water ▁treatment ▁ ▁W aste ▁management ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁experiment ation ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁Man ufact uring ▁Building |
▁Management ▁and ▁Autom ation ▁Building ▁light ing ▁controls ▁and ▁autom ation ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Term ▁O T ▁is ▁now ▁widely ▁used ▁in ▁industry , ▁eg .: ▁ ▁G art ner ▁IT ▁G loss ary , ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . gart ner . com / en / information - techn ology / gl oss ary / oper ational - techn ology - ot ▁ ▁G art ner ▁e . g . ▁http :// www . gart ner . com / it / page . jsp ? id = 1 5 9 0 8 1 4 ▁http :// www . gart ner . com / techn ology / res earch / it - ot - align ment / ▁ ▁Global Sign ▁B log , ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . glob als ign . com / en / blog / it - vs - ot - indust rial - intern et / ▁ ▁N IST ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . n ist . gov / it l / upload / pre lim inary - cy ber security - framework . pdf ▁ ▁I SA ▁( Intern ational ▁Society ▁of ▁Autom ation ) ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . isa . org / bel g ium / stand ards - public ations / IS A 9 9 / ▁ ▁EN IS A ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . en isa . e uropa . eu / activ ities / |
Res ili ence - and - C II P / crit ical - in frastr ucture - and - services / sc ada - indust rial - control - system s / m atur ity - level s ▁or ▁https :// www . en isa . e uropa . eu / activ ities / Res ili ence - and - C II P / crit ical - in frastr ucture - and - services / sc ada - indust rial - control - system s / m atur ity - level s / at _ download / full Report ▁ ▁Engineering ▁I RL ▁ ▁e . g . ▁https :// www . engine ering in re all ife . com / post / what - is - oper ational - techn ology ▁ ▁Category : Control ▁engineering <0x0A> </s> ▁U FC ▁on ▁ESP N : ▁Ng ann ou ▁vs . ▁Vel as quez ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁U FC ▁on ▁ESP N ▁ 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁mixed ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁event ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁Ult imate ▁Fight ing ▁Championship ▁that ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁at ▁T alk ing ▁St ick ▁Res ort ▁Arena ▁in ▁Phoenix , ▁Arizona , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Background ▁A ▁heavy weight ▁bout ▁between ▁former ▁two - time ▁U FC ▁He avy weight ▁Champion ▁C ain ▁Vel as quez ▁and ▁former ▁title ▁ch allen ger ▁Francis ▁Ng ann ou ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁event ▁head lin er . ▁This ▁is |
▁C ain ▁Vel as quez ' s ▁final ▁match ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁W WE . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁can cellation ▁of ▁U FC ▁ 2 3 3 , ▁f ights ▁between ▁Cort ney ▁Case y ▁and ▁C yn th ia ▁Cal v illo , ▁James ▁V ick ▁and ▁Paul ▁Fel der , ▁Ben ito ▁L ope z ▁and ▁Mann y ▁B erm ude z ▁and ▁Aleks andra ▁Al bu ▁and ▁Em ily ▁Whit m ire ▁respectively , ▁were ▁res ch eduled ▁for ▁this ▁event . ▁ ▁A ▁women ' s ▁fly weight ▁bout ▁between ▁former ▁Inv ict a ▁FC ▁B ant am weight ▁Champion ▁La uren ▁Mur phy ▁and ▁Ash lee ▁Evans - Smith ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁take ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁event . ▁However , ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 9 , ▁Mur phy ▁announced ▁she ▁will ▁need ▁more ▁time ▁off ▁to ▁recover ▁from ▁surg ery ▁and ▁won ' t ▁make ▁it ▁to ▁this ▁event . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁Andrea ▁Lee ▁would ▁replace ▁Mur phy ▁against ▁Evans - Smith . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁we igh - ins , ▁former ▁U FC ▁B ant am weight ▁Champion ▁Ren an ▁Bar ão , ▁Mann y ▁B erm ude z ▁and ▁former ▁Inv ict a ▁FC ▁At om weight ▁Champion ▁Jess ica ▁P enne ▁missed ▁the ▁required ▁weight ▁for ▁their ▁respective ▁f ights . ▁Bar ão ▁weight ed ▁at ▁ 1 3 8 ▁pounds ▁and ▁B erm ude z ▁weight ed ▁at ▁ 1 4 0 |
▁pounds , ▁ 2 ▁pounds ▁and ▁ 4 ▁pounds ▁over ▁the ▁b ant am weight ▁non - title ▁fight ▁limit ▁of ▁ 1 3 6 ▁respectively . ▁Meanwhile , ▁P enne ▁we ighed ▁in ▁at ▁ 1 1 8 ▁pounds , ▁ 2 ▁pounds ▁over ▁the ▁st raw weight ▁non - title ▁fight ▁limit ▁of ▁ 1 1 6 . ▁All ▁three ▁b outs ▁were ▁set ▁to ▁continue ▁at ▁catch weight . ▁Bar ão ▁and ▁P enne ▁were ▁f ined ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁their ▁pur se ▁and ▁B erm ude z ▁was ▁f ined ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁his ▁pur se ▁which ▁went ▁to ▁their ▁oppon ents . ▁ ▁In ▁turn , ▁P enne ▁pulled ▁out ▁of ▁her ▁bout ▁against ▁J od ie ▁Es qu ib el , ▁as ▁she ▁sever ely ▁sp rained ▁her ▁an k le ▁while ▁war ming ▁up ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁the ▁event . ▁The ▁bout ▁was ▁subsequently ▁scra pped . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Bon us ▁awards ▁The ▁following ▁f igh ters ▁were ▁awarded ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁bon uses : ▁Fight ▁of ▁the ▁Night : ▁ ▁Vic ente ▁Lu que ▁vs . ▁Bry an ▁Bar ber ena ▁Performance ▁of ▁the ▁Night : ▁K ron ▁G rac ie ▁and ▁Luke ▁Sand ers ▁ ▁Report ed ▁p ayout ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁the ▁reported ▁p ayout ▁to ▁the ▁f igh ters ▁as ▁reported ▁by ▁the ▁Arizona ▁Department ▁of ▁G aming . ▁It ▁does ▁not ▁include ▁spons or ▁money ▁and ▁also ▁does ▁not ▁include ▁the ▁U |
FC ' s ▁traditional ▁" f ight ▁night " ▁bon uses . ▁The ▁total ▁dis closed ▁p ayout ▁for ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁$ 1 , 8 7 1 , 0 0 0 . ▁▁ ▁Francis ▁Ng ann ou : ▁$ 2 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 1 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁C ain ▁Vel as quez : ▁$ 4 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Paul ▁Fel der : ▁$ 9 2 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 4 6 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁James ▁V ick : ▁$ 6 5 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁C yn th ia ▁Cal v illo : ▁$ 8 8 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 4 4 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Cort ney ▁Case y : ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁K ron ▁G rac ie : ▁$ 5 2 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 2 7 , 0 0 0 ) ▁def . ▁Alex ▁C ac eres : ▁$ 5 5 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Vic ente ▁Lu que : ▁$ 8 2 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 4 1 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Bry an ▁Bar ber ena : ▁$ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Andre ▁Fil i : ▁$ 7 4 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 3 7 , 0 0 |
0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁My les ▁J ury : ▁$ 3 6 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Al j am ain ▁Ster ling : ▁$ 1 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 7 0 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁J imm ie ▁River a : ▁$ 6 8 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Mann y ▁B erm ude z : ▁$ 2 8 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Ben ito ▁L ope z : ▁$ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Andrea ▁Lee : ▁$ 2 8 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Ash lee ▁Evans - Smith : ▁$ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Nik ▁L ent z : ▁$ 1 0 6 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 5 3 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Scott ▁Hol tz man : ▁$ 3 3 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Luke ▁Sand ers : ▁$ 3 8 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 1 9 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Ren an ▁Bar ão : ▁$ 5 3 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Em ily ▁Whit m ire : ▁$ 2 4 , 0 0 0 ▁( includes ▁$ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁win ▁bonus ) ▁def . ▁Aleks andra ▁Al bu : ▁$ |
1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁U FC ▁events ▁▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁U FC ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁current ▁U FC ▁f igh ters ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : U lt imate ▁Fight ing ▁Championship ▁events ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁mixed ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁Category : M ixed ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁in ▁Arizona ▁Category : S ports ▁compet itions ▁in ▁Phoenix , ▁Arizona ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁sports ▁in ▁Arizona ▁Category : F ebru ary ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁sports ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁B atch aw ana ▁Bay ▁Provin cial ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁Alg oma ▁District , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada , ▁located ▁ ▁from ▁S ault ▁Ste . ▁Marie ▁on ▁Ontario ▁Highway ▁ 1 7 , ▁and ▁on ▁B atch aw ana ▁Bay ▁on ▁Lake ▁Super ior . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁day - park ▁( no ▁over night ▁camp ing ), ▁and ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources . ▁The ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁Car p ▁River ▁is ▁at ▁the ▁west ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁park . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁natural , ▁clean , ▁sand y ▁beach . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Pro vin cial ▁par ks ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Alg oma ▁District ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Italy |
▁men ' s ▁national ▁under - 1 8 ▁ice ▁hockey ▁team ▁is ▁the ▁men ' s ▁national ▁under - 1 8 ▁ice ▁hockey ▁team ▁of ▁Italy . ▁The ▁team ▁is ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁Feder azione ▁Italiana ▁Sport ▁del ▁Gh iac cio , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁Federation . ▁The ▁team ▁represents ▁Italy ▁at ▁the ▁II H F ▁World ▁U 1 8 ▁Championships . ▁ ▁International ▁compet itions ▁ ▁II H F ▁World ▁U 1 8 ▁Championships ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 : ▁ 5 th ▁in ▁Pool ▁B ▁ 2 0 0 0 : ▁ 6 th ▁in ▁Pool ▁B ▁ 2 0 0 1 : ▁ 6 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁ 2 0 0 2 : ▁ 5 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁B ▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁B ▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁ 6 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁B ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁ 1 st ▁in ▁Division ▁II ▁Group ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 7 : ▁ 4 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁ 4 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁B ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁ 6 th ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁B ▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁ 1 st ▁in ▁Division ▁II ▁Group ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁ 2 nd ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁A |
▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁Group ▁A ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Italy ▁at ▁II H F . com ▁ ▁Category : National ▁under - 1 8 ▁ice ▁hockey ▁teams ▁under <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁UK ▁practical ▁motor cycle ▁tests ▁consist ▁of ▁a ▁practical ▁test ▁of ▁two ▁modules . ▁To ▁first ▁ride ▁on ▁the ▁road , ▁a ▁candidate ▁must ▁complete ▁Comp uls ory ▁Basic ▁Training , ▁however , ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁test . ▁ ▁To ▁pass ▁the ▁practical ▁motor cycle ▁test ▁candidates ▁need ▁to ▁pass ▁its ▁two ▁separate ▁modules ▁within ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁passing ▁their ▁motor cycle ▁theory ▁test . ▁C andid ates ▁will ▁be ▁supplied ▁with ▁a ▁L AM - appro ved ▁motor bi ke ▁if ▁they ▁don ' t ▁supply ▁their ▁own . ▁ ▁Module ▁ 1 : ▁off - road ▁man oe uv res ▁ ▁Module ▁ 1 ▁takes ▁approximately ▁ 2 0 ▁minutes ▁and ▁is ▁conducted ▁in ▁a ▁safe ▁off - road ▁area . ▁It ▁consists ▁of : ▁ ▁wheel ing ▁the ▁m oped ▁or ▁motor cycle ▁and ▁using ▁the ▁stand ▁ ▁r iding ▁a ▁sl alom ▁and ▁figure ▁of ▁ 8 ▁ ▁a ▁slow ▁ride ▁ ▁a ▁U - turn ▁ ▁corner ing ▁and ▁controlled ▁stop ▁ ▁corner ing ▁and ▁the ▁emer gency ▁stop ▁ ▁corner ing ▁and ▁ha z ard ▁avoid ance ▁ ▁The ▁minimum ▁speed ▁for ▁the ▁ha z ard ▁avoid ance ▁and ▁emer gency ▁stop ▁exer cis es ▁are ▁ 1 9 m ph ▁( 3 0 ▁km / h |
) ▁for ▁m op eds ▁and ▁ 3 2 m ph ▁( 5 0 ▁km / h ) ▁for ▁motor cy cles . ▁ ▁Cour se ▁layout s ▁are ▁variable ▁and ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁testing ▁location . ▁Con es ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁mark ▁ha z ards ▁and ▁turning ▁points . ▁ ▁Module ▁ 2 : ▁on - road ▁r iding ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁module ▁is ▁the ▁on - road ▁test , ▁but ▁also ▁includes ▁an ▁eyes ight ▁test ▁and ▁safety ▁questions ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁road ▁r iding . ▁ ▁E yes ight ▁test ▁ ▁The ▁candidate ▁must ▁read ▁a ▁number ▁plate ▁on ▁a ▁park ed ▁vehicle ▁ 2 0 m ▁away . ▁Fail ure ▁at ▁this ▁point ▁means ▁the ▁test ▁is ▁cancel led . ▁ ▁Saf ety ▁questions ▁ ▁The ▁exam iner ▁will ▁ask ▁the ▁candidate ▁several ▁safety ▁questions ▁( there ▁is ▁no ▁pres cribed ▁number ). ▁A ▁full ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁safety ▁questions ▁is ▁available ▁here . ▁ ▁Road ▁r iding ▁ ▁The ▁candidate ▁will ▁be ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁exam iner ▁using ▁a ▁radio ▁and ▁must ▁complete ▁normal ▁stops , ▁angle ▁starts ▁( pull ing ▁out ▁from ▁behind ▁a ▁vehicle ) ▁and ▁a ▁hill ▁start . ▁ ▁Independent ▁r iding ▁ ▁The ▁candidate ▁is ▁given ▁an ▁approximate ▁location ▁to ▁navigate ▁to ▁and ▁the ▁exam iner ▁follows , ▁obser ving ▁the ▁ride . ▁The ▁candidate ▁is ▁not ▁tested ▁on ▁whether ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁arriv es ▁at ▁the ▁intended ▁destination , ▁only ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁r iding . ▁The ▁candidate ▁must ▁follow |
▁the ▁traffic ▁signs ▁and ▁road ▁rules . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁candidate ▁passes , ▁the ▁exam iner ▁will ▁give ▁instructions ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁prov is ional ▁lic ence ▁to ▁a ▁full ▁one ▁for ▁that ▁class ▁of ▁motor cycle . ▁ ▁Lic ence ▁C ategories ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁ 4 ▁different ▁motor cycle ▁lic ences ▁that ▁are ▁obtain able ▁dependent ▁on ▁age : ▁ ▁AM ▁( m oped ▁lic ence ) ▁ ▁Av ailable ▁to ▁those ▁over ▁ 1 6 ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁AM ▁test ▁allows ▁the ▁lic ence ▁holder ▁to ▁ride ▁a ▁m oped ▁of ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 cc ▁in ▁engine ▁size , ▁capable ▁of ▁producing ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 kw ▁in ▁power ▁and ▁restricted ▁to ▁a ▁speed ▁of ▁ 3 0 m ph ▁( 5 0 ▁km / h ). ▁All ▁lic ence ▁hold ers ▁of ▁this ▁class ▁must ▁display ▁red ▁and ▁white ▁' L ' ▁( L ear ner ) ▁pl ates ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁and ▁rear ▁of ▁their ▁m oped . ▁Lic ence ▁hold ers ▁in ▁Wales ▁can ▁also ▁display ▁' D ' ▁pl ates ▁if ▁they ▁prefer . ▁The ▁' D ' ▁standing ▁for ▁' D ys g w yr ', ▁that ▁being ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁word ed ▁equivalent ▁to ▁" L ear ner " ▁in ▁English . ▁ ▁A 1 ▁light ▁motor cycle ▁lic ence ▁ ▁Av ailable ▁to ▁those ▁over ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁A 1 ▁test ▁allows ▁the ▁lic |
ence ▁holder ▁to ▁ride ▁any ▁motor cycle ▁of ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 2 5 cc ▁and ▁of ▁ 1 1 kw ▁in ▁power . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁maximum ▁speed ▁restriction . ▁ ▁A 2 ▁restricted ▁motor cycle ▁lic ence ▁ ▁Av ailable ▁to ▁those ▁over ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁A 2 ▁test ▁allows ▁the ▁lic ence ▁holder ▁to ▁ride ▁any ▁motor cycle ▁not ▁exceed ing ▁ 3 5 kw ▁in ▁power . ▁Under ▁this ▁lic ence ▁more ▁powerful ▁motor cy cles ▁may ▁be ▁r idden , ▁however ▁they ▁must ▁be ▁restricted ▁to ▁ 3 5 k W . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁maximum ▁speed ▁restriction . ▁ ▁Category ▁A ▁( full ) ▁un rest rict ed ▁motor cycle ▁lic ence ▁ ▁Av ailable ▁to ▁those ▁aged ▁ 2 1 – 2 3 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁via ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁A 2 ▁lic ence ▁and ▁waiting ▁two ▁years ▁where up on ▁they ▁will ▁then ▁become ▁el ig ible ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁Category ▁A ▁test . ▁Or ▁directly ▁available ▁to ▁those ▁over ▁ 2 4 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁upon ▁passing ▁the ▁category ▁A ▁test . ▁Success ful ▁completion ▁of ▁this ▁test ▁allows ▁the ▁lic ence ▁holder ▁to ▁ride ▁any ▁motor cycle ▁of ▁any ▁engine ▁size ▁with ▁no ▁power ▁or ▁maximum ▁speed ▁restrictions . ▁ ▁All ▁tests ▁must ▁be ▁completed ▁on ▁motor cy cles ▁relevant ▁to ▁the ▁engine ▁size ▁and ▁power ▁restrictions ▁of ▁the ▁lic ence ▁being ▁applied ▁for . ▁ ▁The ▁Module ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 ▁tests |
▁are ▁identical ▁for ▁all ▁lic ens ing ▁categories , ▁the ▁only ▁difference ▁being ▁the ▁vehicle ▁that ▁must ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁each ▁test ▁and , ▁for ▁AM , ▁the ▁speed ▁required ▁in ▁certain ▁man e ov ures . ▁ ▁All ▁test ▁categories ▁may ▁be ▁completed ▁on ▁either ▁ge ared ▁or ▁automatic ▁motor cy cles . ▁ ▁Comple tion ▁of ▁the ▁tests ▁on ▁ge ared ▁motor cy cles ▁allows ▁the ▁lic ence ▁holder ▁to ▁ride ▁either ▁ge ared ▁or ▁automatic ▁b ikes , ▁whereas ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁test ▁on ▁automatic ▁b ikes ▁restrict s ▁the ▁lic ence ▁holder ▁to ▁automatic ▁motor cy cles ▁only . ▁ ▁P ill ion ▁ent it lement ▁and ▁motor way ▁access ▁are ▁also ▁gained ▁upon ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁lic ence ▁categories . ▁ ▁D V SA ▁publish es ▁Rout es ▁to ▁your ▁motor cycle ▁lic ence ▁which ▁explains ▁the ▁options ▁for ▁different ▁classes ▁of ▁motor cycle ▁lic ence ▁at ▁different ▁ages . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Motor cycle ▁practical ▁test ▁explained ▁: ▁Direct gov ▁– ▁Mot oring ▁▁ ▁Min imum ▁test ▁vehicle ▁requirements ▁for ▁m op eds ▁and ▁motor cy cles ▁: ▁Direct gov ▁– ▁Mot oring ▁ ▁Ve h icle ▁safety ▁questions ▁for ▁motor cycle ▁tests ▁ ▁Category : Ro ad ▁transport ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Gr amb ling ▁State ▁Tig ers ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Gr amb ling ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁FC S ▁football ▁season . |
▁The ▁Tig ers ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁fourth - year ▁head ▁coach ▁Bro der ick ▁F ob bs ▁and ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Edd ie ▁Robinson ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Gr amb ling , ▁Louisiana ▁as ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁South western ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁( SW AC ). ▁The ▁Tig ers ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁ 1 1 – 2 , ▁ 7 – 0 ▁in ▁SW AC ▁play ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁West ▁Division . ▁They ▁defeated ▁Alc orn ▁State ▁in ▁the ▁SW AC ▁Championship ▁Game , ▁receiving ▁the ▁conference ' s ▁bid ▁to ▁the ▁C ele br ation ▁Bowl ▁where ▁they ▁lost ▁to ▁North ▁Carolina ▁A & T . ▁ ▁Pres e ason ▁ ▁The ▁Tig ers ▁were ▁picked ▁to ▁finish ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁Division . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁Source : ▁ ▁Rank ing ▁movements ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Gr amb ling ▁State ▁Category : Gr amb ling ▁State ▁Tig ers ▁football ▁seasons ▁Category : S outh western ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁football ▁champion ▁seasons ▁Gr amb ling ▁State ▁football <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Laz are va ▁Pe ć ina , ▁which ▁transl ates ▁Laz ar ' s ▁C ave , ▁is ▁the ▁longest ▁expl ored ▁cave ▁in ▁Ser bia . ▁Loc ated ▁in ▁Bor ▁municipality , ▁near ▁Z lot , ▁the ▁cave ▁is ▁also ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Z lot ska ▁C ave . ▁According ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 2 ' s ▁Rec ent ▁Land form ▁E volution : ▁The ▁Car path o - B alk an - |
D inar ic ▁Region , ▁the ▁cave ▁is ▁ ▁long . ▁The ▁cave ▁is ▁situated ▁near ▁the ▁entrance ▁of ▁the ▁deep ▁can y on ▁car ved ▁into ▁the ▁mountains ▁by ▁the ▁river ▁Z lot ska . ▁ ▁The ▁cave ▁exhib its ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁min ing , ▁with ▁evidence ▁of ▁co pper ▁metal works ▁in ▁the ▁cave ▁d ating ▁back ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁years . ▁The ▁cave ▁has ▁been ▁popular ▁for ▁tour ism ▁since ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁most ▁popular ▁c aving ▁destin ations ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁along ▁with ▁Pre kon os ka ▁and ▁Pet nick a . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁paths ▁are ▁ill umin ated ▁and ▁tour ist ▁services ▁offered ▁for ▁modern ▁visitors . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁protected ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : C aves ▁of ▁Ser bia <0x0A> </s> ▁N ams ang ▁is ▁a ▁te hs il ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Ti rap ▁district ▁of ▁India . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Ti rap ▁district ▁Category : Assembly ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh <0x0A> </s> ▁E lav um th it ta ▁( also ▁Ela vin th |
it ta , ▁Ela van th it ta ) ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁( located ▁near ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁A la pp uz ha ▁and ▁Path an am th it ta ▁district ) ▁in ▁Path an am th it ta ▁district ▁of ▁Ker ala , ▁India . ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁its ▁inhabitants ▁are ▁from ▁H indu ▁and ▁Christian ▁background s . ▁The ▁primary ▁cro ps ▁are ▁rub ber , ▁co con ut , ▁black ▁pe pper ▁and ▁plant ain . ▁The ▁terrain ▁is ▁h illy ▁with ▁plenty ▁of ▁p addy ▁fields ▁in ▁between . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁commercial ▁centre ▁of ▁Me z hu vel i ▁and ▁Ch enne erk ara ▁pan ch ay ath s . ▁ ▁Geography ▁And ▁Transport ation ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁nearly ▁ 1 2 km ▁from ▁the ▁district ▁head ▁quarter ▁Path an am th it ta . Other ▁nearby ▁Town s ▁are ▁, ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁( 1 4 . 5 km ), ▁P andal am ▁( 8 km ), ▁K oz hen cher ry ▁( 1 1 km ) ▁and ▁A door ▁( 1 4 km ). ▁▁ ▁Near est ▁Railway ▁Station ▁= ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁Railway ▁station ▁( 1 5 ▁km ) ▁[ Other ▁nearby ▁Railway ▁St ations : ▁Ch eri yan ad ▁Railway ▁Station ▁( 1 9 ▁km ) ▁, ▁M avel ik ara ▁railway ▁Station ▁( 2 5 ▁km ), ▁Th riv ulla ▁Railway ▁Station ▁( 2 6 km ), ▁Kay am k ul am ▁j unction ▁( 3 |
4 ▁km ). ] ▁ ▁Near est ▁Police ▁Station ▁= ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Police ▁station . ▁ ▁Near est ▁Airport ▁= ▁Th ir u van anth ap ur am ▁International ▁Airport ▁( 1 0 7 ▁km ), ▁Ned umb ass ery ▁International ▁Airport ▁( 1 3 0 ▁km ) ▁ ▁Two ▁main ▁roads ▁passes ▁through ▁E lav um th it ta . ▁One ▁is ▁Path an am th it ta ▁- ▁E lav um th it ta ▁- ▁Ch eng ann ur . ▁K SR TC ▁is ▁running ▁chain ▁service ▁through ▁this ▁road . ▁The ▁other ▁road ▁is ▁A door ▁- ▁E lav um th it ta ▁- ▁K oz hen cher ry ▁road . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁height ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁ ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁The ▁low ▁lying ▁water ▁shed ▁p addy ▁fields ▁around ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁ ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁peak ▁called ▁Nam ak uz hy , ▁ ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level ▁ 2 km . ▁north ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta . ▁This ▁peak ▁can ▁be ▁considered ▁as ▁the ▁highest ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁legend ▁about ▁this ▁peak ▁that ▁the ▁p and avas ▁in ▁ex ile ▁visited ▁this ▁place ▁and ▁stayed ▁here ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁while . ▁There ▁were ▁giant ▁size ▁foot ▁marks ▁im print ed ▁on ▁rocks ▁scattered ▁above ▁the ▁hill ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁of ▁Bh ima ▁the ▁mighty ▁bare ▁hand ▁war rior |
▁of ▁Mah ab har at ▁ep ic . ▁And ▁also ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁pit ▁on ▁the ▁rock ▁with ▁per enn ial ▁source ▁of ▁water ; ▁signs ▁rein for cing ▁the ▁local ▁belief s . ▁ ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁the ▁catch ment ▁area ▁of ▁two ▁major ▁rivers , ▁the ▁Sac red ▁P ampa ▁and ▁Ach ank ov il . ▁The ▁abund ant ▁ra inf all ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁supp lement s ▁these ▁two ▁rivers ▁for ▁keeping ▁the ▁river ▁not ▁dry ing ▁in ▁summer ▁season , ▁and ▁in ▁return ▁the ▁two ▁rivers ▁keep ▁this ▁region ▁abund ant ▁in ▁ground ▁water ▁and ▁save ▁E lav um th it ta ▁from ▁dr ought s . ▁Al most ▁every ▁house ▁got ▁open ▁well s ▁for ▁its ▁water ▁requirement . ▁People ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁never ▁experienced ▁a ▁dr ought ▁or ▁flo od ▁situation ▁in ▁their ▁life . ▁ ▁P amba ▁river ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁ 8 km ▁away ▁and ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁in ▁a ▁much ▁higher ▁elev ation ; ▁hence ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁flo od ▁in ▁this ▁region . ▁The ▁same ▁thing ▁is ▁with ▁Ach ank ov il ▁river , ▁which ▁is ▁ 5 km ▁away ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁side ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta . ▁E lav um th it ta ▁was ▁abund ant ▁in ▁Stream s ▁and ▁l ush ▁green ▁p addy ▁fields . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁time ; ▁one ▁could ▁stand ▁on ▁a ▁higher ▁spot ▁and ▁enjoy ▁the |
▁sight ▁of ▁end less ▁co con ut ▁tree ▁to ps ▁spread ing ▁its ▁leaves ▁and ▁s way ing ▁in ▁gentle ▁b ree ze , ▁a ▁very ▁pleasant ▁sight ▁indeed . ▁ ▁Major ▁town ships ▁around ▁E lav um th it ta ▁▁ 1 . ▁Geographic ▁location . ▁North west ▁= ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁( 1 4 . 5 km ) ▁North ▁▁▁▁ ▁= ▁Th ir u val la ▁( 2 3 . 9 km ), ▁K oz hen ch ery ▁( 1 1 km ), ▁A ran m ula ▁( 1 0 . 5 km ) ▁N ortheast ▁= ▁R anni ▁( 2 0 . 5 km ) ▁West ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁= ▁M avel ikk ara ▁( 2 5 km ) ▁Centre ▁▁▁ ▁= ▁E lav um th it ta ▁East ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁= ▁Path an am th it ta ▁( 1 2 km ) ▁South west ▁= ▁P andal am ▁( 8 km ) ▁South ▁▁▁▁ ▁= ▁A door ▁( 1 4 km ) ▁S out heast ▁= ▁O mal loor ▁( 8 km ) ▁▁ 2 . ▁C ites . ▁K ott ay am ▁( 5 0 km ) ▁Th ir u van anth ap ur am ▁( 1 0 0 ▁km ) ▁Koch i ▁( 1 1 1 km ) ▁A lap uz ha ▁( 5 8 km ) ▁K oll am ▁( 5 8 km ) ▁ ▁Rain fall ▁ ▁E lav um th it ta ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁its ▁own ▁rain ▁gauge , ▁but ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁in ▁the |
▁close ▁proxim ity ▁of ▁Path an am th it ta , ▁which ▁is ▁ 1 2 km . ▁away ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁Rain ▁gauge . ▁The ▁rain ▁fall ▁data ▁for ▁the ▁past ▁few ▁years ▁is ▁given ▁below ▁in ▁mm ▁. ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Agricult ural ▁Stat ics ▁- ▁( Web site ▁Pan ch ay at ▁lev ell ▁stat ics - 2 0 1 1 ; ▁Path an am th it ta ▁District ) ▁ ▁India ▁Metro log ical ▁Department ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁annual ▁ra inf all ▁is ▁calculated ▁from ▁the ▁above ▁data ▁which ▁comes ▁to ▁ 2 7 0 0 mm ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁Culture ▁ ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Market ▁celebrated ▁its ▁cent en ary ▁year ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁M ool oor ▁S ▁Pad man ab ha ▁Pan icker ▁Who ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁' S re em ool am ▁Pra jas ab ha ' ▁had ▁established ▁the ▁E lav um th it ta ▁market ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 ▁acres ▁( 8 , 1 0 0 m 2 ) ▁of ▁land ▁near ▁the ▁E lav um th it ta ▁J unction . ▁He ▁named ▁the ▁market ▁as ▁" S re em ool am ▁Raj ag op al av il as am ". ▁ ▁As w ath y ▁Festival ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁annual ▁festival ▁for ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁the ▁C ele br ation ▁of ▁As w ath |
y ▁in ▁the ▁Mal ay al am ▁month ▁of ▁me en am . ▁No ▁doubt ▁On am ▁is ▁the ▁biggest ▁festival ▁of ▁every ▁Ker al ite , ▁but ▁this ▁As aw ath y ▁celebr ation ▁is ▁exclus ively ▁for ▁the ▁People ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta . ▁Every ▁child ▁in ▁E lav um th it ta ▁will ▁be ▁waiting ▁for ▁this ▁occasion ; ▁the ▁tips ▁he ▁gets ▁now ▁and ▁then - ▁let ▁the ▁sum ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁me ager ▁one - ▁is ▁kept ▁as ▁his ▁secret ▁tre asure ; ▁reserved ▁for ▁this ▁great ▁day . ▁He ▁has ▁to ▁buy ▁many ▁items . ▁The ▁season al ▁cro ps ▁of ▁cas hew ▁is ▁of ▁great ▁help ; ▁cas hew ▁picked ▁up ▁from ▁here ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁sold ▁and ▁the ▁amount ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁pitt ance ▁in ▁today ' s ▁standard , ▁but ▁the ▁thr ill ▁of ▁sp ending ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁as w ath y ▁fair ▁is ▁something ▁one ▁will ▁remember ▁till ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁C attle ▁market ▁ ▁E lav um th it ta ▁market ▁popular ly ▁known ▁as ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Ch anth a ▁( <0xE0> <0xB4> <0x87> ല വ ു ം ത ി ട ് ട ▁ ച ന ് ത ) ▁celebrated ▁its ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁year ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁C attle ▁market ▁is ▁open ▁on ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁and ▁ 2 2 nd ▁of ▁every ▁Mal ay al am ▁month . ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁important |
▁land mark ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta - ▁a ▁huge ▁b any an ▁tree . ▁How ▁old ▁the ▁tree ▁is , ▁nobody ▁knows , ▁eight ▁hundred ▁years ▁or ▁more ▁that ▁is ▁anybody ' s ▁guess . ▁Some ▁say ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁than ▁that . ▁One ▁thing ▁is ▁certain , ▁that ▁it ▁gave ▁shelter ▁to ▁gener ations ▁of ▁we ary ▁travel ers , ▁it ▁witness ed ▁the ▁political ▁changes ▁of ▁Ker ala , ▁listening ▁fier y ▁speech es ▁of ▁polit icians ▁who ▁make ▁makes h ift ▁stage ▁on ▁its ▁platform ▁now ▁and ▁then ; ▁una ffect ed ▁by ▁either ▁political ▁speech es ▁or ▁religious ▁ser m ons ; ▁stand ▁there ▁maj est ically ▁giving ▁shelter ▁to ▁birds ▁on ▁its ▁long ▁branches ▁with ▁thick ▁green ▁fol i age ▁and ▁feed ing ▁its ▁season al ▁f ruits ▁to ▁the ▁need y ▁birds . ▁ ▁First ▁S iv ag iri ▁Pil gr image ▁With ▁the ▁bless ings ▁of ▁S ree ▁Nar ay ana ▁G uru , ▁five ▁young ▁blood s ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁started ▁the ▁first ▁’ S iv ag iri ▁The ert dh ad an am ’ ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 6 ▁– ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁start ▁‘ S iv ag iri ▁The erd th ad an am ’ ▁was ▁approved ▁by ▁Sri ▁Nar ay ana ▁G uru ▁It ▁was ▁decided ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁first ▁pil gr image ▁from ▁E lav um th |
it ta . ▁The ▁S ▁N ▁D ▁P ▁unit ▁No . 7 6 ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁selected ▁ 5 ▁young sters ▁for ▁the ▁pil gr image . ▁Those ▁ 5 ▁` Man jak kil ikal ’ ▁were : ▁▁ ▁P . K . Div ak ara ▁Pan icker ▁- ▁Son ▁of ▁M ool oor . S . Pad man ab ha ▁Pan icker ▁ ▁P . K . K es avan ▁- ▁P lav un il kk unn ath il ▁ ▁P . V . R ag hav an ▁- ▁Ay ath il ▁Me le pur ath oot u ▁Ve et il ▁ ▁M . K . R ag hav an ▁- ▁Ay ath il ▁Ed ay ile k iz h ak k eth il ▁ ▁S . S ank un ni ▁- ▁The k ke ve et il ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁Sri . P . K . Div ak ara ▁Pan icker . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁historical ▁journey ▁that ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁famous ▁S iv ag iri ▁pil gr image ▁conducted ▁every ▁year . ▁Now ▁thousands ▁of ▁dev ote es ▁are ▁following ▁their ▁path . ▁The ▁pil gr image ▁has ▁become ▁an ▁occasion ▁of ▁unity ▁and ▁peace . ▁ ▁M ool oor ▁S . ▁Pad man ā b ha ▁Pan icker ▁M ool oor ▁S . ▁Pad man ā b ha ▁Pan icker ▁( S ar asa ▁k avi ▁M ool oor ) ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁po ets ▁and ▁a ▁prominent ▁social ▁reform |
▁activ ist ▁from ▁Tra van core . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁Pan ay anna ark av u , ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Mann ar ▁in ▁Central ▁Tra van core ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ▁( Mal ay al am ▁year ▁K umb hom ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 0 4 4 ▁). ▁He ▁named ▁his ▁residence ▁in ▁E lav um th it ta ▁as ▁' K er ala ▁Var ma ▁S oud ham ' ▁as ▁a ▁mark ▁of ▁respect ▁towards ▁Ker ala ▁Var ma ▁V ali y ako yi ▁Th amp ur an ▁who ▁was ▁his ▁close ▁friend . ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁sports ▁ ▁People ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁had ▁no ▁entertain ment ▁in ▁earlier ▁days ▁other ▁than ▁the ▁" A sw ath i ▁Mah ols v am " ▁celebrated ▁once ▁a ▁year . ▁Cinema ▁h alls ▁are ▁ 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 km ▁away . ▁Con ven ient ▁bus ▁service ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁cinema ▁hall ▁in ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁or ▁to ▁come ▁back ▁from ▁the ▁show ▁were ▁not ▁available ▁then . ▁Still ▁some ▁t ough ▁advent ur ists ▁used ▁to ▁tre k ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁Path an am th it ta , ▁P andal am , ▁K oz hen cher ry , ▁or ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁wherever ▁the ▁popular ▁pictures ▁were ▁shown . ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Cultural ▁Club ▁- ▁E CC ▁Aff ili ation ▁number ▁( pt m / tc / 2 0 2 / 2 0 |
1 8 ) ▁M ool oor ▁J y oth is ▁Arts ▁& ▁Sports ▁Club , ▁Ay ath il ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 1 ) ▁Az ad ▁Arts ▁& ▁Sports ▁Club , ▁E lav um th it ta ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 2 ) ▁Sar iga ▁Arts ▁& ▁Sports ▁Club , ▁Plan th ott ath uk ala ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 4 ) ▁S ange eth a ▁Arts ▁Club , ▁N edi y ak ala ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 6 ) ▁Sah rid aya ▁V edi , ▁Sah rid aya ▁Nag ar ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 7 ) ▁Jan as ak th i ▁Sports ▁Club , ▁N edi y ak ala ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 0 8 ) ▁Su var na ▁K ala ▁Sam sk ar ika ▁Sam ith i , ▁Ay ath il ▁( aff ili ation ▁no . ▁C - 0 1 0 ) ▁So ory a ▁Arts ▁& S ports ▁Club , ▁M utt ath uk on am ▁ ▁Dr ▁Am bed kar ▁Memorial ▁Ak sh ar ak ala ▁Sam sk ar ika ▁K end ram ▁Po ovan m ala ▁J unction ▁ ▁L ibr aries ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁E lav um th it ta ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Am bed kar ▁Memorial ▁Ak sh ar ak ala ▁Sam sk ar ika ▁K end ram ▁Library ▁ |
▁Men on ▁S mar aka ▁Grand has ala , ▁N edi y ak ala , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁ ▁Jan ath a ▁Library ▁and ▁Reading ▁Room , ▁M utt ath uk on am ▁ ▁Edu c ational ▁institutions ▁ ▁S re eb ud d ha ▁College ▁of ▁Engineering ▁( now ▁mixed ) ▁Salv ation ▁Army ▁L ▁P ▁school , ▁Th ump am on ▁North ▁- ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁School ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta , ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 0 3 . ▁It ▁celebrated ▁its ▁Cent en ary ▁year ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁The ▁land ▁for ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁don ated ▁by ▁Sri ▁Ne el ak anta ▁P illa i ▁of ▁A la kk atu . ▁Inc ident ally ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁head master ▁of ▁the ▁School . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁located ▁ 1 km ▁away ▁from ▁E lav um th it ta ▁market ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁side ▁of ▁Ram anch ira ▁road . ▁ ▁S ▁N ▁Gi ri ▁S ▁N ▁D ▁P ▁H ▁S ▁S ▁Ch enne erk k ara ▁S ▁N ▁D ▁P ▁H ▁S ▁S , ▁M utt ath uk on am ▁North ▁ ▁C MS ▁high ▁School , ▁K uz h ikk ala ▁S ree ▁Nar ay ana ▁G uru ▁College ▁of ▁Advanced ▁Studies , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁Pad man ab hod ay am ▁H ▁S ▁S , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁Gang ad h ara ▁Vil as am ▁L ▁P ▁School |
, ▁Me z hu vel i ▁Te ach ers ▁Training ▁Institute , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁G ov t . ▁Model ▁L ▁P ▁School , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁North ▁U ▁P ▁School , ▁Me z hu vel i ▁North ▁S ▁N ▁G ov t . ▁L ▁P ▁School , ▁K ood uv ett ik kal , ▁Kar ith otta ▁G ov t . ▁Of ▁India ▁Women ' s ▁I ▁T ▁I , ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Sar as ak avi ▁M ool oor ▁S mar aka ▁U ▁P ▁School , ▁Ch and an ak k un nu ▁Am bed kar ▁English ▁Med ium ▁School , ▁Kong anal ▁buildings , ▁near ▁Mel ath em uk ku . ▁Me z hu vel i ▁Pan ch ay at ▁I ▁T ▁C ▁C MS ▁U ▁P ▁School , ▁N all an ik un nu ▁ ▁K end ri ya ▁Vid yal aya , ▁Ch enne erk ara ▁ ▁Tem ples ▁and ▁Church es ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁E lav um th it ta ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Bh ag av ath y ▁Temple ▁E lav um th it ta ▁Mal an ada ▁Ay ath il ▁Mal an ada ▁Me z hu vel i ▁An and ab ho oth esh aw aram ▁Temple ▁A ran m ula ▁S ree ▁Par th as ar ath i ▁Temple ▁O mal loor ▁Rak tha ▁K anda ▁Sw amy ▁Temple ▁P andal am ▁V ali ya ▁Ko ick al ▁S ree ▁D har ma ▁S as |
tha ▁Temple ▁K ul ak k ada ▁S iva Par av ath i ▁Temple ▁Christ ▁The ▁King ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁E lav um th it ta , ▁P unal ur ▁Dioc ese . ▁Est ab lished ▁on ▁ 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁K uz h ikk ala ▁Mar th oma ▁Church ▁Man jin ikk ara ▁Church ▁Beth le hem ▁Mar th om ma ▁Church ▁St . ▁Paul ' s ▁C SI ▁Church , ▁N all an ik un nu ▁Mal ank ara ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁Se h ion ▁Mar ▁Th oma ▁Church ▁St ▁Thomas ▁Mar th oma ▁Church ▁( P ul inth it ta ▁Church ) ▁Th abor ▁Mar ▁Th oma ▁Church ▁P ull am ala ▁Jar usalem ▁Mar ▁Th oma ▁Church ▁Ay ath il ▁Eb ene zer ▁Mar th oma ▁Church ▁Ch enne erk ara ▁Th ach ire th u ▁V etti y il ▁S ree ▁Nag ar aja ▁Nag ay ak sh i ▁k av u ▁ ▁Writ ers ▁/ ▁L itter ateurs ▁M ool oor ▁S ▁Pad man ab ha ▁Pan icker ▁K amb isser i ▁Kar un ak aran ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁fl ank ed ▁by ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁ 4 ▁pan ch ay ats . ▁Following ▁data ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁book ▁' P anch ay at ▁level ▁Statistics ▁ 2 0 0 6 ' ▁published ▁by ▁Department ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁& ▁Statistics ▁Th ir u van anth ap ur am . ▁ ▁E lav um th it ta |
▁is ▁spread ▁in ▁four ▁Pan ch ay ats ▁namely ▁Me z hu vel i , ▁Ch enne erk k ara , ▁K ul an ada ▁and ▁El anth oor . ▁The ▁total ▁households ▁in ▁E lav um th it ta ▁is ▁ 7 , 9 8 8 ▁and ▁population ▁is ▁ 3 2 , 3 9 9 . ▁The ▁liter acy ▁of ▁E lav um th it ta ▁area ▁is ▁ 9 4 . 7 0 %. ▁ ▁D air y ▁far ming ▁is ▁common ▁here . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁M ool oor ▁S . Pad man ab ha ▁Pan icker ▁ ▁Ve ena ▁George ▁M LA ▁, ▁A ran m ula ▁ ▁Adv . V . K ▁V arg h ese ▁( Ex . ▁M LA , ▁path an am th it ta ) ▁ ▁K . ▁C . ▁Raj ag op al an ▁( EX . ▁M LA , ▁A ran m ula ) ▁ ▁P . ▁N . ▁Ch and ras en an ▁( Ex . ▁M LA , ▁A ran m ula ) ▁ ▁K amb isser i ▁Kar un ak aran ▁( Ch ief ▁Editor ▁Jan ay ug am ) ▁ ▁Prof . ▁S as ik umar ▁( Ch air man ▁S ree ▁Bud d ha ▁Group ▁Of ▁Institution s ) ▁ ▁S . N . ▁V ij ay an ▁( former ▁National ▁Vice ▁President ▁E zh ava ▁Mah aj ana ▁Sab ha ) ▁ ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁ ▁P andal am ▁ ▁A lap uz |
ha ▁district ▁ ▁Ch eng ann ur ▁Railway ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁www . facebook . com / el av inth it ta ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Path an am th it ta ▁district ▁ ▁https :// path an am th it ta . nic . in / ▁ ▁https :// www . the hind u . com / tod ays - paper / tp - n ational / tp - ker ala / el av um th it ta - the - b irth place - of - s iv ag iri - p il gr image / article 4 2 7 1 6 3 7 . e ce <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁colors ▁indicate ▁the ▁political ▁party ▁affili ation ▁of ▁each ▁member : ▁ ▁So ▁the ▁statistics ▁of ▁the ▁Government ▁composition ▁are : ▁ ▁Category : C ab in ets ▁of ▁Catal onia <0x0A> </s> ▁Anthony ▁B aff oe ▁( born ▁ 2 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁in ▁Bad ▁G odes berg , ▁Bonn , ▁West ▁Germany ) ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁Deput y ▁General ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁African ▁Football ▁a ▁business ▁manager ▁and ▁former ▁Gh ana ▁international ▁footballer . ▁As ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁a ▁Gh ana ian ▁diplom at , ▁B aff oe ▁grew ▁up ▁near ▁to ▁the ▁former ▁West ▁German ▁capital ▁of ▁Bonn ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁name ▁for ▁himself ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁in ▁the ▁Bundes liga , ▁becoming ▁a ▁real ▁crowd ▁favour ite ▁for ▁ |
1 . ▁FC ▁Köln ▁and ▁Fort una ▁Düsseldorf . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁The ▁much - tra vel led ▁B aff oe ▁played ▁for ▁clubs ▁on ▁four ▁different ▁contin ents . ▁He ▁spent ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁First ▁and ▁Second ▁Bundes liga , ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁at ▁ 1 . ▁FC ▁Köln ▁at ▁ 1 8 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁before ▁moving ▁across ▁the ▁border ▁to ▁join ▁French ▁side ▁FC ▁Met z ▁nearly ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁B aff oe ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁recognized ▁black ▁player ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁Bundes liga . ▁After ▁ 7 4 ▁German ▁top ▁flight ▁appearances ▁for ▁Köln ▁and ▁Düsseldorf ▁merely ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁a ▁further ▁seven ▁clubs , ▁including ▁sp ells ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁and ▁Car ac as . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁B aff oe ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Gh ana ian ▁exp atri ate - player ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁the ▁Black ▁Stars . ▁He ▁was ▁c apped ▁ 1 6 ▁times ▁for ▁Gh ana , ▁not ably ▁at ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁African ▁Cup ▁of ▁Nations . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁After ▁his ▁playing ▁career ▁B aff oe ▁used ▁his ▁broad ▁popular ity ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁and ▁front ▁a ▁new ▁TV ▁magazine ▁show ▁devoted ▁to ▁youth ▁football . ▁He ▁was ▁successful ▁on ▁German ▁television ▁in ▁various ▁sport ▁program mes ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁regular ▁host ▁of ▁V ias at ▁One ' s ▁U ef a ▁Champions ▁League ▁show ▁in ▁Gh ana |
. ▁After ▁a ▁few ▁years , ▁the ▁former ▁def ensive ▁utility ▁man ▁evol ved ▁into ▁a ▁well - known ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁continent ▁and ▁his ▁home ▁country ▁of ▁Gh ana . ▁ ▁Manager ial ▁career ▁Currently ▁B aff oe ▁is ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Secretary ▁General ▁for ▁Football & Develop ment ▁for ▁( C AF ), He ▁previously ▁served ▁on ▁FIFA ▁and ▁C AF ▁Football ▁Comm itte es . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁organ izing ▁ ▁C AF ▁and ▁FIFA ▁san ction ed ▁tournament s . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁" Direct or ▁for ▁International ▁Rel ations " ▁for ▁the ▁Gh ana ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁General ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Professional ▁Football ers ▁Association ▁of ▁Gh ana . ▁In ▁that ▁capacity ▁is ▁in ▁close ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁F IF Pro ▁Play ers ' ▁association ▁and ▁works ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁the ▁Gh ana ▁Football ▁Association . ▁ ▁B aff oe ▁is ▁a ▁FIFA ▁Amb assador ▁for ▁campaign ▁against ▁rac ism , ▁a ▁FIFA ▁amb assador ▁for ▁S OS ▁Children ' s ▁Village ▁and ▁an ▁amb assador ▁for ▁Play ▁Soccer ▁Gh ana . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁B aff oe ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁K als ou me ▁Sin are , ▁a ▁Gh ana ian ▁actress ▁and ▁they ▁both ▁have ▁three ▁children , ▁Sh aqu ille , ▁Bou ke em ▁and ▁Ke is he ira . ▁B aff oe ▁is ▁the ▁brother ▁of ▁German ▁actress ▁L iz ▁B aff oe , ▁who ▁is ▁famous ▁for |
▁her ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁TV ▁series ▁L inden straße . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Bonn ▁Category : G erman ▁business people ▁Category : G erman ▁people ▁of ▁Gh ana ian ▁descent ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : G erman ▁football ers ▁Category : G h ana ian ▁football ers ▁Category : G h ana ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁African ▁Cup ▁of ▁Nations ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁African ▁Cup ▁of ▁Nations ▁players ▁Category : 1 . ▁FC ▁Köln ▁players ▁Category : 1 . ▁FC ▁Köln ▁II ▁players ▁Category : Rot - We iß ▁Ober hausen ▁players ▁Category : St utt g arter ▁K ick ers ▁players ▁Category : SC ▁Fort una ▁Köln ▁players ▁Category : F ort una ▁Düsseldorf ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Met z ▁players ▁Category : O GC ▁Nice ▁players ▁Category : S un ▁He i ▁SC ▁players ▁Category : Car ac as ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : B undes liga ▁players ▁Category : 2 . ▁Bundes liga ▁players ▁Category : L igue ▁ 1 ▁players ▁Category : G erman ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁France ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁North ▁Rh ine - West phal ia <0x0A> |
</s> ▁The ▁Charlotte ▁Fire ▁Department ▁provides ▁fire ▁supp ression , ▁emer gency ▁medical ▁services , ▁technical ▁rescue , ▁ha z ard ous ▁materials ▁mit ig ation , ▁dis aster ▁response , ▁code ▁enfor cement , ▁fire ▁investig ations , ▁and ▁public ▁education ▁for ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Charlotte , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁The ▁department ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁approximately ▁ ▁with ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁over ▁ 7 9 2 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁Charlotte ▁Fire ▁Department ▁was ▁officially ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁although ▁fire ▁services ▁existed ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁for ▁dec ades ▁before ▁that . ▁ ▁St ations ▁and ▁appar atus ▁▁▁ ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁current ▁list ▁of ▁stations ▁and ▁appar atus ▁for ▁the ▁department : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Fire ▁Station ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁( Char lot te , ▁North ▁Carolina ) ▁ ▁Gr inn ell ▁Company - General ▁Fire ▁Ext ingu isher ▁Company ▁Complex ▁ ▁Pal mer ▁Fire ▁School ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Organ izations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁Category : Fire ▁depart ments ▁in ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Fire ▁Fire <0x0A> </s> ▁C ie p iele w ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁L isk ów , ▁within ▁K alis z ▁County , ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁west - central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁K alis z ▁and ▁ ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Poz na ń . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁C ie p |
iele w <0x0A> </s> ▁K LE E ▁( 1 4 8 0 ▁AM ) ▁is ▁a ▁commercial ▁radio ▁station ▁serving ▁the ▁Ott um wa , ▁Iowa ▁area . ▁The ▁station ▁primarily ▁broadcast s ▁an ▁old ies ▁format . ▁K LE E ▁is ▁lic ensed ▁to ▁O - T own ▁Communic ations , ▁Inc ., ▁owned ▁by ▁Greg ▁List . ▁O - T own ▁Communic ations ▁has ▁applied ▁for ▁an ▁FM ▁Trans l ator ▁for ▁K LE E . ▁The ▁transl ator ▁( K 2 9 9 BA ) ▁came ▁online ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁on ▁ 1 0 7 . 7 M Hz . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁K P RC - TV , ▁which ▁formerly ▁broadcast ▁television ▁as ▁K LE E ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁K LE E ▁website ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁LE E <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁Ed win ▁Smith ▁( May ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁- ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁phil os opher ▁and ▁Clark ▁Professor ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁at ▁Y ale ▁University . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Philosoph ical ▁Society , ▁Eastern ▁Division , ▁the ▁American ▁The ological ▁Society , ▁the ▁Met aph ys ical ▁Society ▁of ▁America , ▁the ▁H eg el ▁Society ▁of ▁America ▁and ▁the ▁C . S . ▁Pe ir ce ▁Society . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : Ph il osoph y ▁academ ics |
▁Category : 1 9 2 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Met aph ys ical ▁Society ▁of ▁America ▁Category : Y ale ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Ph il osoph ers ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Brook lyn ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : C ul inary ▁Institute ▁of ▁America ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁B uk it ▁Sent osa ▁is ▁a ▁town ship ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁H ulu ▁Sel ang or . ▁It ▁is ▁accessible ▁from ▁the ▁North – S outh ▁Express way ▁via ▁B uk it ▁Ber unt ung ▁inter change ▁exit ▁ 1 1 8 ▁and ▁S ung ai ▁Ch oh ▁and ▁R asa ▁via ▁Federal ▁Route ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁B uk it ▁Ber unt ung ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 1 4 0 9 0 7 1 9 1 5 1 1 / http :// www 2 . n st . com . my / stre ets / central / bu kit - ber unt ung - so - far - so - good - in - bu kit - sent osa - 1 . 3 6 7 1 8 7 ▁ ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Sel ang or <0x0A> </s> ▁Ter ence ▁Thomas ▁Kevin ▁O ' Le ary ▁( born ▁ 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 5 4 ) ▁is ▁a |
▁Canadian ▁business man , ▁author , ▁politician , ▁and ▁television ▁person ality . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁appeared ▁on ▁various ▁Canadian ▁television ▁shows , ▁including ▁the ▁business ▁news ▁program mes ▁S que e ze Play ▁and ▁The ▁Lang ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁Exchange , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁reality ▁television ▁shows ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁and ▁Red em ption ▁Inc . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁he ▁appeared ▁on ▁Disc overy ▁Channel ' s ▁Project ▁Earth . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁has ▁appeared ▁on ▁Sh ark ▁T ank , ▁the ▁American ▁version ▁of ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁co - f ounded ▁So ft Key ▁Software ▁Product s , ▁a ▁technology ▁company ▁that ▁sold ▁software ▁ge ared ▁toward ▁family ▁education ▁and ▁entertain ment . ▁During ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁So ft Key ▁acquired ▁rival ▁companies ▁such ▁as ▁Com pton ' s ▁New ▁Media , ▁The ▁Learning ▁Company , ▁and ▁Br ø der bund . ▁So ft Key ▁later ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁The ▁Learning ▁Company ▁and ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Matt el ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁with ▁the ▁sale ▁making ▁O ' Le ary ▁a ▁mult im ill ion aire . ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁soon ▁fired ▁by ▁Matt el ▁after ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁resulted ▁in ▁significant ▁losses ▁and ▁multiple ▁share holder ▁law su its . |
▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁campaign ed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁fr on tr un ner ▁in ▁the ▁pol ls ▁during ▁much ▁of ▁that ▁time , ▁but ▁dropped ▁out ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁one ▁month ▁before ▁the ▁election , ▁cit ing ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁support ▁in ▁Quebec . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Montreal , ▁Quebec , ▁Canada , ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁sons ▁of ▁Ge or get te ▁( née ▁B uk al am ), ▁a ▁small - bus iness ▁owner ▁and ▁invest or ▁of ▁Leb an ese ▁descent , ▁and ▁Terry ▁O ' Le ary , ▁a ▁sales man ▁of ▁Irish ▁descent . ▁Kevin ' s ▁brother ▁is ▁Sh ane ▁O ' Le ary . ▁Due ▁to ▁his ▁pat ernal ▁her itage , ▁O ' Le ary ▁also ▁holds ▁Irish ▁citizens hip ▁and ▁car ries ▁an ▁Irish ▁pass port . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁parents ▁divor ced ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁child , ▁largely ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁father ' s ▁alco hol ism . ▁His ▁father ▁died ▁shortly ▁there after . ▁After ▁his ▁father ' s ▁death , ▁his ▁mother ▁ran ▁the ▁business ▁as ▁an ▁executive . ▁His ▁mother ▁later ▁married ▁an ▁econom ist , ▁George ▁Kan aw aty , ▁who ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁UN ' s ▁International ▁Labour ▁Organ ization . ▁His ▁step father ' s ▁international ▁assign ments ▁caused ▁the ▁family |
▁to ▁move ▁frequently , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁lived ▁in ▁many ▁places ▁while ▁growing ▁up , ▁including ▁Camb odia , ▁Tun is ia , ▁and ▁Cy pr us . ▁O ' Le ary ▁attended ▁Stan st ead ▁College ▁and ▁St . ▁George ' s ▁School , ▁both ▁in ▁Quebec . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁mother ▁was ▁a ▁sk illed ▁invest or , ▁invest ing ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁her ▁week ly ▁pay che que ▁in ▁large - cap , ▁divid end - pay ing ▁stock s ▁and ▁interest - b ear ing ▁b onds , ▁ultimately ▁ach ieving ▁high ▁returns ▁in ▁her ▁invest ment ▁port folio . ▁She ▁kept ▁her ▁invest ment ▁port folio ▁secret , ▁so ▁O ' Le ary ▁only ▁discovered ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁skill ▁as ▁an ▁invest or ▁after ▁her ▁death , ▁when ▁her ▁will ▁was ▁executed . ▁Many ▁of ▁his ▁invest ment ▁less ons ▁came ▁from ▁his ▁mother , ▁including ▁the ▁ad mon ition ▁to ▁save ▁one - third ▁of ▁his ▁money . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁had ▁asp ired ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁photograph er , ▁but ▁on ▁the ▁advice ▁of ▁his ▁step father ▁attended ▁university , ▁where ▁he ▁continued ▁to ▁develop ▁his ▁interest ▁in ▁business ▁and ▁invest ing . ▁He ▁received ▁an ▁hon ours ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁environmental ▁studies ▁and ▁psych ology ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Water lo o ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁and ▁an ▁M BA ▁in ▁entrepr ene ur ship ▁from ▁the ▁I vey ▁Business |
▁School ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Business ▁career ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁between ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁M BA ▁program , ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁an ▁intern ship ▁at ▁N ab is co ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁Toronto , ▁and ▁then ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁brand ▁manager ▁for ▁N ab is co ' s ▁cat ▁food ▁brand . ▁O ' Le ary ▁cred its ▁his ▁later ▁success ▁at ▁The ▁Learning ▁Company ▁to ▁the ▁skills ▁he ▁developed ▁in ▁market ing ▁during ▁his ▁days ▁at ▁N ab is co . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁N ab is co , ▁O ' Le ary ▁began ▁a ▁brief ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁television ▁producer . ▁With ▁two ▁of ▁his ▁former ▁M BA ▁class m ates , ▁Scott ▁Mack en zie ▁and ▁Dave ▁Tom s ▁( both ▁of ▁whom ▁had ▁assist ed ▁on ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁M BA ▁document ary ), ▁O ' Le ary ▁co - f ounded ▁Special ▁Event ▁Television ▁( SET ). ▁SET ▁was ▁an ▁independent ▁television ▁production ▁company ▁that ▁produced ▁original ▁sports ▁programming ▁such ▁as ▁The ▁Original ▁Six , ▁Don ▁Cher ry ' s ▁Gra pe v ine ▁and ▁Bobby ▁Or r ▁and ▁the ▁Hockey ▁Leg ends . ▁The ▁company ▁achieved ▁limited ▁success ▁with ▁minor ▁television ▁shows , ▁s occer ▁films , ▁sports ▁document aries , ▁and ▁short ▁in - between - period ▁commer ci als ▁for ▁local ▁professional ▁hockey ▁games . ▁One ▁of ▁his |
▁partners ▁later ▁bought ▁out ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁vent ure ▁for ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁So ft key ▁ ▁After ▁s elling ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁SET , ▁O ' Le ary ▁started ▁So ft key ▁in ▁a ▁Toronto ▁bas ement ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁along ▁with ▁business ▁partners ▁John ▁Fre eman ▁and ▁Gary ▁Bab cock . ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁a ▁publish er ▁and ▁distrib utor ▁of ▁CD - ROM - based ▁personal ▁computer ▁software ▁for ▁Windows ▁and ▁Mac int osh ▁computers . ▁A ▁major ▁financial ▁back er ▁who ▁had ▁committed ▁$ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁development ▁capital ▁to ▁the ▁company ▁back ed ▁out ▁the ▁day ▁before ▁signing ▁the ▁documents ▁and ▁deliver ing ▁his ▁che que , ▁which ▁left ▁O ' Le ary ▁looking ▁for ▁fund ing ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁fled g ling ▁business . ▁He ▁used ▁the ▁proceed s ▁from ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁SET ▁and ▁convinced ▁his ▁mother ▁to ▁l end ▁him ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁seed ▁capital ▁to ▁establish ▁So ft Key ▁Software ▁Product s . ▁ ▁The ▁software ▁and ▁personal - comput er ▁indust ries ▁were ▁growing ▁rapidly ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁convinced ▁printer ▁manufact ur ers ▁to ▁bundle ▁So ft key ' s ▁program ▁with ▁their ▁hardware . ▁With ▁distribution ▁assured , ▁the ▁company ▁developed ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁educational ▁software ▁products ▁focused ▁on ▁mathematics ▁and ▁reading ▁education . ▁So ft |
key ▁products ▁typically ▁consisted ▁of ▁software ▁intended ▁for ▁home ▁users , ▁especially ▁compilation ▁disc s ▁containing ▁various ▁fre ew are ▁or ▁share ware ▁games ▁pack aged ▁in ▁" j ew el - case " ▁CD - ROM s . ▁ ▁So ft key ▁weather ed ▁st iff ▁competition ▁from ▁other ▁software ▁companies ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁prosper ed ▁throughout ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁So ft key ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁major ▁cons olid ator ▁in ▁the ▁educational ▁software ▁market , ▁acqu iring ▁riv als ▁such ▁as ▁Word Star ▁and ▁Sp inn aker ▁Software . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁So ft key ▁acquired ▁The ▁Learning ▁Company ▁( T LC ) ▁for ▁$ 6 0 6 ▁million , ▁adopt ing ▁its ▁name , ▁and ▁moved ▁its ▁headquarters ▁to ▁Cambridge , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁T LC ▁lost ▁$ 1 0 5 ▁million ▁( US ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁on ▁reven ues ▁$ 8 0 0 ▁million ▁and ▁suffered ▁losses ▁over ▁the ▁previous ▁two ▁years . ▁T LC ▁bought ▁its ▁former ▁rival ▁Br ø der bund ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁for ▁$ 4 1 6 ▁million . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁T LC ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Matt el ▁for ▁US $ 4 . 2 ▁billion . ▁Sales ▁and ▁ear nings ▁for ▁Matt el ▁soon ▁dropped , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁depart ed ▁Matt el . ▁The ▁purchase |
▁by ▁Matt el ▁was ▁later ▁called ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁dis astr ous ▁ac quis itions ▁in ▁recent ▁history . ▁Following ▁the ▁ac quisition , ▁Matt el ▁experienced ▁a ▁US $ 1 0 5 ▁million ▁loss ▁where ▁management ▁had ▁project ed ▁a ▁$ 5 0 ▁million ▁profit . ▁Matt el ' s ▁stock ▁dropped , ▁w ip ing ▁out ▁US $ 3 ▁billion ▁of ▁share holder ▁value ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁day . ▁Matt el ' s ▁share hold ers ▁later ▁file d ▁a ▁class - action ▁law suit ▁acc using ▁Matt el ▁execut ives , ▁O ' Le ary , ▁and ▁former ▁T LC ▁CE O ▁Michael ▁Per ik ▁of ▁mis leading ▁invest ors ▁about ▁the ▁health ▁of ▁T LC ▁and ▁the ▁benefits ▁of ▁its ▁ac quisition . ▁The ▁law suit ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁T LC ▁used ▁account ing ▁tr icks ▁to ▁hide ▁losses ▁and ▁infl ate ▁quarter ly ▁reven ues . ▁O ' Le ary ▁and ▁his ▁defend ants ▁disput ed ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁charges . ▁Matt el ▁paid ▁$ 1 2 2 ▁million ▁to ▁sett le ▁the ▁law suit ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁O ' Le ary ▁bl amed ▁the ▁technology ▁mel td own ▁and ▁a ▁culture ▁cl ash ▁of ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁companies ▁for ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁the ▁ac quisition . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁and ▁back ers ▁from ▁Cit igr oup ▁made ▁an ▁un success ful ▁attempt ▁to ▁ac quire ▁the ▁video ▁game ▁company ▁At ari , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁made ▁plans |
▁to ▁start ▁a ▁video - g aming ▁television ▁channel ▁that ▁never ▁came ▁to ▁f ru ition . ▁ ▁Storage Now ▁Hold ings ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁became ▁a ▁co - in vest or ▁and ▁director ▁at ▁Storage Now ▁Hold ings , ▁a ▁Canadian ▁developer ▁of ▁climate - control led ▁storage ▁facilities , ▁a ▁company ▁controlled ▁by ▁Re za ▁S atch u ▁and ▁As if ▁S atch u . ▁Storage Now ▁became ▁the ▁operator ▁of ▁storage ▁services ▁in ▁Canada , ▁with ▁facilities ▁in ▁ 1 1 ▁cities , ▁and ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁in ▁Storage ▁RE IT ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁for ▁$ 1 1 0 ▁million . ▁He ▁sold ▁his ▁shares , ▁originally ▁worth ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁$ 4 . 5 ▁million . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Re za ▁S atch u ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁operating ▁partner , ▁Whe eler , ▁file d ▁a ▁$ 1 0 - mill ion ▁wrong ful - d ismiss al ▁law suit , ▁charg ing ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁alter ed ▁an ▁agreed - up on ▁compens ation ▁deal ▁and ▁il leg ally ▁reduced ▁Whe eler ' s ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁prof its . ▁O ' Le ary ▁and ▁S atch u ▁claimed ▁Whe eler ▁failed ▁to ▁reach ▁performance ▁targets . ▁The ▁case ▁was ▁settled ▁out ▁of ▁court . ▁ ▁Other ▁projects ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 7 , |
▁O ' Le ary ▁joined ▁the ▁advis ory ▁board ▁of ▁Gen star ▁Capital , ▁a ▁private ▁equ ity ▁firm ▁that ▁focus es ▁on ▁invest ing ▁in ▁health care ▁services , ▁industrial ▁technology , ▁business ▁services ▁and ▁software . ▁Gen star ▁Capital ▁appointed ▁O ' Le ary ▁to ▁its ▁Str ateg ic ▁Ad vis ory ▁Board ▁to ▁seek ▁new ▁invest ment ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁its ▁$ 1 . 2 ▁billion ▁fund . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁co - f ounded ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁Inc ., ▁a ▁mut ual ▁fund ▁company ▁focused ▁on ▁global ▁yield ▁invest ing . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁company ' s ▁chairman ▁and ▁lead ▁invest or , ▁while ▁his ▁brother ▁Sh ane ▁O ' Le ary ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁director . ▁The ▁fund ' s ▁assets ▁under ▁management ▁grew ▁from ▁$ 4 0 0 ▁million ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁$ 1 . 2 - b ill ion ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁fund ' s ▁primary ▁manager ▁was ▁St anton ▁As set ▁Management , ▁a ▁firm ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁husband - and - w ife ▁team ▁of ▁Con nor ▁O ' B rien ▁and ▁Louise ▁Ann ▁Po i rier . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁research ▁by ▁Mark ▁R . ▁Mc Que en , ▁the ▁fund ▁increased ▁distribution ▁yield ▁from ▁his ▁funds ▁by ▁returning ▁inv ested ▁capital ▁to ▁share hold ers . ▁ ▁While ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁unusual , ▁it ▁was |
▁contrary ▁to ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁statements . ▁Another ▁analysis ▁also ▁found ▁that ▁one ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁distributions ▁from ▁one ▁of ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁funds ▁were ▁return ▁of ▁capital . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁Management ▁agreed ▁to ▁pay ▁pen alt ies ▁to ▁the ▁Autor ité ▁des ▁march és ▁financi ers ▁for ▁viol ating ▁certain ▁technical ▁prov isions ▁of ▁the ▁Sec ur ities ▁Act . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁agreement , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁reported ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁taken ▁steps ▁to ▁correct ▁the ▁viol ations . ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁C ano e ▁Fin an cial , ▁a ▁private ▁invest ment - management ▁company ▁owned ▁by ▁Canadian ▁business man ▁W . ▁Bre tt ▁Wilson , ▁who ▁once ▁was ▁an ▁invest or ▁with ▁O ' Le ary ▁on ▁C BC ' s ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁Vent ures ▁O ' Le ary ▁founded ▁O ' Le ary ▁Vent ures , ▁a ▁private ▁early - stage ▁vent ure ▁capital ▁invest ment ▁company , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Mort g ages , ▁O ' Le ary ▁books , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fine ▁W ines . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Mort g ages ▁closed . ▁▁ ▁O ’ Le ary ’ s ▁funds ▁have ▁a ▁question |
able ▁history ▁and ▁are ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁decl ined ▁over ▁ 2 0 % ▁in ▁a ▁year , ▁which ▁is ▁often ▁a ▁big ▁blow ▁to ▁fund ▁man agers . ▁ ▁O ’ Le ary ▁no ▁longer ▁man agers ▁outside ▁money . ▁ ▁E TF ▁and ▁invest ing ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁launched ▁an ▁E TF ▁through ▁O ' Sh ares ▁In vest ments , ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁his ▁invest ment ▁fund , ▁O ' Le ary ▁Fund s ▁Management ▁LP , ▁where ▁O ' Le ary ▁serves ▁as ▁chairman . ▁A ▁value ▁invest or , ▁he ▁has ▁given ▁advice ▁on ▁personal ▁fin ance . ▁He ▁advoc ates ▁port folio ▁divers ification ▁and ▁suggests ▁that ▁invest ors ▁have ▁their ▁age ▁as ▁the ▁percentage ▁of ▁b onds ▁in ▁their ▁port fol ios ▁( i . e ., ▁ 3 0 % ▁in ▁b onds ▁and ▁ 7 0 % ▁in ▁stock s ▁for ▁a ▁ 3 0 - year ▁old ▁invest or , ▁with ▁an ▁increasing ▁proportion ▁of ▁b onds ▁and ▁decre asing ▁proportion ▁of ▁stock s ▁as ▁the ▁invest or ▁ages ). ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁also ▁" st ated ▁on ▁many ▁occasions ▁that ▁he ▁won ’ t ▁invest ▁in ▁a ▁public ly ▁trad ed ▁stock ▁unless ▁it ▁pays ▁him ▁a ▁divid end ." ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁also ▁vent ured ▁into ▁gold ▁invest ing , ▁with ▁five ▁percent ▁of ▁his ▁financial ▁port folio ▁inv ested ▁in ▁physical ▁gold . |
▁However , ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁invest ▁in ▁stock s ▁of ▁gold - min ing ▁companies ▁because ▁he ▁says ▁c ash ▁flow ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁invest ment ▁factor ▁to ▁him . ▁O ' Le ary ▁also ▁advis es ▁divers ification ▁in ▁multiple ▁industry ▁se ctors ▁so ▁that ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁one ' s ▁financial ▁port folio ▁is ▁held ▁in ▁one ▁sector . ▁ ▁Books ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁released ▁his ▁first ▁book , ▁Cold ▁Hard ▁Tr uth : ▁On ▁Business , ▁M oney ▁& ▁Life , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁shares ▁his ▁views ▁on ▁entrepr ene ur ship , ▁business , ▁fin ance , ▁money ▁and ▁life . ▁A ▁sequ el , ▁The ▁Cold ▁Hard ▁Tr uth ▁on ▁Men , ▁Women , ▁and ▁M oney : ▁ 5 0 ▁Common ▁M oney ▁M ist akes ▁and ▁How ▁to ▁Fix ▁Th em , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁It ▁focused ▁on ▁financial ▁liter acy ▁and ▁financial ▁education ▁as ▁a ▁foundation ▁for ▁ach ieving ▁wealth . ▁O ' Le ary ▁released ▁a ▁follow up ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁covers ▁subjects ▁rel ating ▁to ▁important ▁life ▁choices : ▁education , ▁care ers , ▁marriage ▁and ▁family , ▁and ▁ret irement . ▁He ▁discuss es ▁the ▁obst acles ▁of ▁raising ▁a ▁family ▁while ▁working ▁to ▁provide ▁financial ▁security ▁for ▁them ▁and ▁gives ▁advice ▁for ▁developing ▁financial ▁liter acy ▁in ▁family ▁members , ▁saving ▁and ▁invest ing ▁money |
, ▁and ▁man aging ▁deb t ▁and ▁credit . ▁ ▁Media ▁ ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁and ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁appeared ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁vent ure ▁capital ists ▁on ▁the ▁then - new ▁show ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁on ▁C BC , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁install ment ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁format . ▁On ▁the ▁show , ▁O ' Le ary ▁developed ▁a ▁persona ▁as ▁a ▁bl unt , ▁ab ras ive , ▁bul lying ▁invest or , ▁who ▁at ▁one ▁point ▁told ▁a ▁contest ant ▁who ▁started ▁cry ing , ▁" M oney ▁doesn ' t ▁care . ▁Your ▁tears ▁don ' t ▁add ▁any ▁value ." ▁This ▁television ▁persona ▁was ▁encourag ed ▁by ▁executive ▁producer ▁Stuart ▁C ox e , ▁who ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁seasons ▁occasionally ▁asked ▁O ' Le ary ▁to ▁be ▁" more ▁evil ". ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most - watch ed ▁shows ▁in ▁C BC ▁history , ▁with ▁around ▁two ▁million ▁view ers ▁per ▁episode . ▁C ox e ▁attributed ▁the ▁show ' s ▁success ▁in ▁large ▁part ▁to ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁presence . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁American ▁version ▁of ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den , ▁Sh ark ▁T ank , ▁began , ▁and ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁executive ▁producer ▁Mark ▁Burn ett ▁invited ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁C BC ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁invest ors , ▁O ' |
Le ary ▁and ▁Robert ▁Her j ave c , ▁to ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁show . ▁Both ▁have ▁remained ▁with ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁since ▁the ▁beginning . ▁For ▁several ▁years , ▁they ▁appeared ▁on ▁both ▁shows , ▁although ▁Her j ave c ▁left ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁left ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁became ▁a ▁ratings ▁hit , ▁aver aging ▁ 9 ▁million ▁view ers ▁per ▁episode ▁at ▁its ▁peak ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ▁season . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁a ▁critical ▁favorite , ▁winning ▁the ▁Prim etime ▁Em my ▁Award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Struct ured ▁Re ality ▁Program ▁three ▁times . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁appearances ▁on ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁and ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁popular ized ▁the ▁nick name ▁" Mr . ▁Wonder ful " ▁for ▁him ; ▁he ▁has ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁by ▁that ▁name ▁in ▁public . ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁nick name ▁serves ▁both ▁as ▁a ▁tongue - in - che ek ▁reference ▁to ▁his ▁reputation ▁for ▁being ▁mean , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁reflection ▁of ▁his ▁view ▁that ▁his ▁bl unt ▁assess ments ▁are ▁helpful ▁to ▁mis gu ided ▁entrepr ene urs . ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁interview , ▁O ' Le ary ▁imp lied ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁not ▁remember ▁how ▁he ▁got ▁the ▁nick name . ▁He |
▁had ▁already ▁referred ▁to ▁himself ▁as ▁" Mr . ▁Wonder ful " ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁casting ▁video ▁for ▁Dragon ' s ▁Den , ▁pred ating ▁either ▁show . ▁ ▁Besides ▁his ▁bl unt ▁persona , ▁O ' Le ary ▁also ▁gained ▁a ▁reputation ▁on ▁both ▁shows ▁for ▁prefer ring ▁de als ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁lo ans ▁the ▁entrepr ene urs ▁money ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁a ▁percentage ▁of ▁future ▁re venue , ▁rather ▁than ▁taking ▁a ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁ ▁Notable ▁de als ▁in ▁which ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁been ▁involved ▁on ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁include ▁invest ments ▁in ▁Tal b ott ▁Te as ▁( l ater ▁bought ▁by ▁J amba ▁Ju ice ) ▁and ▁Gro ove Book ▁( l ater ▁bought ▁by ▁Sh utter fly ), ▁the ▁latter ▁with ▁Mark ▁Cub an . ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁a ▁holding ▁company , ▁called ▁" Something ▁Wonder ful ", ▁for ▁man aging ▁his ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁and ▁Sh ark ▁T ank ▁invest ments . ▁ ▁Disc overy ▁Channel ' s ▁Disc overy ▁Project ▁Earth ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁co - host ▁for ▁the ▁Disc overy ▁Channel ' s ▁Disc overy ▁Project ▁Earth , ▁a ▁show ▁that ▁expl ores ▁innov ative ▁ways ▁to ▁reverse ▁climate ▁change . ▁ ▁The ▁Lang ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁Exchange ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁began ▁appearing ▁with ▁journalist ▁Am anda ▁Lang ▁on |
▁C BC ▁News ▁Network ' s ▁The ▁Lang ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁Exchange . ▁During ▁a ▁segment ▁of ▁The ▁Lang ▁& ▁O ' Le ary ▁Exchange ▁on ▁the ▁Occ up y ▁Wall ▁Street ▁protest s ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁critic ized ▁Pul itzer ▁Prize - win ning ▁journalist ▁Chris ▁Hed ges ▁for ▁sound ing ▁" like ▁a ▁left - wing ▁nut bar ." ▁Hed ges ▁said ▁afterwards ▁that ▁" it ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁last ▁time " ▁he ▁would ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁and ▁compared ▁the ▁C BC ▁to ▁Fox ▁News . ▁C BC ' s ▁om bud s man ▁found ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁behaviour ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁viol ation ▁of ▁the ▁public ▁broad c aster ' s ▁journal istic ▁standards . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁on ▁The ▁Lang ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁Exchange , ▁O ' Le ary ▁remarked , ▁▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁later ▁clar ified ▁these ▁statements , ▁saying , ▁ ▁Other ▁projects ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁produced ▁and ▁hosted ▁his ▁own ▁reality ▁show , ▁Red em ption ▁Inc ., ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁tries ▁to ▁help ▁ex - conv ict s ▁start ▁and ▁develop ▁their ▁own ▁business es . ▁Having ▁also ▁been ▁a ▁co - host ▁of ▁S que e ze Play ▁on ▁Bell ▁Media ' s ▁Business ▁News ▁Network ▁( B NN ), ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Disc overy ▁Channel ▁on ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁to ▁join |
▁as ▁a ▁contrib utor ▁for ▁its ▁radio ▁and ▁television ▁stations ▁such ▁as ▁C TV . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁made ▁an ▁appearance ▁on ▁the ▁game ▁show ▁C ele br ity ▁Je op ard y ▁and ▁received ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁his ▁char ity ▁despite ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁and ▁in ▁negative ▁points ▁after ▁both ▁Double ▁Je op ard y ▁and ▁Final ▁Je op ard y ▁r ounds . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁O ' Le ary ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁celebr ity ▁judge ▁in ▁the ▁ 9 5 th ▁Miss ▁America ▁page ant . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁AR HT ▁Media ' s ▁Board ▁of ▁Ad vis ors , ▁alongside ▁Paul ▁An ka ▁and ▁Carlos ▁S lim . ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁offered ▁to ▁invest ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁in ▁the ▁economy ▁of ▁Al berta ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁Premier ▁Rach el ▁Not ley ▁and ▁appeared ▁with ▁four ▁other ▁pros pective ▁leadership ▁candidates ▁at ▁a ▁conference ▁for ▁federal ▁Conserv atives ▁in ▁late ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁where ▁he ▁gave ▁a ▁presentation ▁titled ▁" If ▁I ▁Run , ▁This ▁is ▁How ." ▁During ▁his ▁speech ▁he ▁predicted ▁that ▁the ▁Liberal ▁government ▁would ▁fall ▁within ▁four ▁years ▁from ▁economic ▁collapse . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁federal ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁leadership ▁race ▁ ▁Following ▁Stephen ▁Har per ' s ▁res |
ignation ▁as ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada , ▁O ' Le ary ▁attended ▁Conserv ative ▁party ▁gather ings ▁in ▁February ▁and ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁leading ▁to ▁public ▁spec ulation ▁about ▁whether ▁he ▁would ▁run ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁leadership ▁election . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Max ime ▁Bern ier , ▁a ▁Conserv ative ▁Quebec ois ▁politician , ▁critic ized ▁O ' Le ary , ▁calling ▁him ▁a ▁" t our ist " ▁for ▁wanting ▁to ▁be ▁prime ▁minister ▁without ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁speak ▁French . ▁Bern ier ▁later ▁explained ▁that ▁he ▁wanted ▁all ▁leadership ▁candidates ▁to ▁learn ▁French ▁and ▁pra ised ▁his ▁fellow ▁leadership ▁cont ender ▁Lisa ▁Ra itt , ▁who ▁was ▁trying ▁to ▁improve ▁her ▁French . ▁O ' Le ary ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁taking ▁French ▁less ons , ▁and ▁promised ▁to ▁learn ▁French ▁in ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁federal ▁election . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁officially ▁entered ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁leadership ▁race . ▁That ▁same ▁day , ▁his ▁former ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁co - star ▁Ar l ene ▁Dick inson ▁stated ▁that ▁she ▁found ▁O ' Le ary ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁" self - inter ested ▁and ▁opportun istic " ▁to ▁be ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁prime ▁minister . ▁In ▁response , ▁another ▁former ▁Drag ons ' ▁Den ▁co - star , ▁W . ▁Bre tt ▁Wilson , ▁end ors ed ▁O |
' Le ary , ▁highlight ing ▁differences ▁between ▁O ' Le ary ▁as ▁a ▁business man ▁and ▁his ▁TV ▁persona . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁posted ▁a ▁video ▁of ▁himself ▁shooting ▁in ▁a ▁Miami ▁gun ▁range . ▁It ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁Facebook ▁out ▁of ▁respect ▁for ▁the ▁fun eral ▁for ▁three ▁vict ims ▁of ▁the ▁Quebec ▁City ▁mos que ▁shooting ▁on ▁that ▁day . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁prom oting ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁business ▁vent ures ▁when ▁this ▁occurred . ▁O ' Le ary ▁later ▁apolog ized ▁for ▁the ▁timing ▁of ▁this ▁post . ▁ ▁Through out ▁his ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada , ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁compared ▁in ▁the ▁press ▁to ▁U . S . ▁President ▁Donald ▁Trump . ▁Comment ators ▁noted ▁that ▁both ▁were ▁wealth y ▁business men ▁who ▁gained ▁greater ▁fame ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁appearing ▁on ▁reality ▁television , ▁prior ▁to ▁running ▁for ▁office , ▁on ▁a ▁platform ▁that ▁included ▁lower ing ▁tax es ▁and ▁reg ulations . ▁Some ▁comment ators ▁also ▁found ▁similar ities ▁in ▁what ▁they ▁called ▁both ▁men ' s ▁br ash , ▁out sp oken ▁style , ▁though ▁various ▁also ▁stated ▁that ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁bl unt ness , ▁unlike ▁Trump ' s , ▁was ▁simply ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁" care fully - c ult iv ated ▁persona ". ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁pra ised |
▁Trump ▁personally , ▁calling ▁him ▁" sm art ▁as ▁a ▁fo x ", ▁but ▁t ended ▁to ▁dismiss ▁compar isons ▁to ▁him ▁by ▁not ing ▁that , ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁Trump ' s ▁anti - imm igration ▁r het or ic ▁and ▁specifically ▁his ▁p ledge ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁wall ▁on ▁the ▁Mexico – Un ited ▁States ▁border , ▁" I ' m ▁of ▁Leb an ese - I r ish ▁descent , ▁I ▁don ' t ▁build ▁walls , ▁I ▁am ▁very ▁proud ▁of ▁the ▁society ▁we ' re ▁building ▁in ▁Canada , ▁I ▁think ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁env y ▁of ▁the ▁planet . ▁There ' s ▁no ▁walls ▁in ▁my ▁world . ▁I ▁wouldn ' t ▁exist ▁if ▁Canada ▁had ▁walls ." ▁Other ▁comment ators ▁pointed ▁out ▁the ▁differences ▁between ▁Trump ▁and ▁O ' Le ary ▁on ▁other ▁issues , ▁including ▁free ▁trade , ▁abort ion , ▁same - sex ▁marriage , ▁mar iju ana ▁legal ization ▁and ▁the ▁future ▁of ▁NAT O . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁a ▁fr on tr un ner ▁in ▁the ▁pol ls ▁throughout ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁run . ▁Nevertheless , ▁he ▁dropped ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁leadership ▁race ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁stating ▁that , ▁though ▁he ▁still ▁thought ▁he ▁could ▁win ▁the ▁leadership ▁election , ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁support ▁for ▁him ▁in ▁Quebec ▁meant ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁difficult ▁for ▁him ▁to ▁beat ▁Tru de au ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁and ▁that |
▁it ▁would ▁thus ▁be ▁" self ish " ▁of ▁him ▁to ▁continue . ▁On ▁dro pping ▁out , ▁he ▁end ors ed ▁Bern ier , ▁considered ▁the ▁other ▁main ▁fr on tr un ner ▁for ▁the ▁position . ▁( And rew ▁Sche er ▁eventually ▁won ▁the ▁leadership ▁election , ▁narrow ly ▁ed ging ▁out ▁Bern ier .) ▁ ▁Political ▁positions ▁ ▁Econom y ▁and ▁trade ▁O ' Le ary ▁supports ▁multi - l ater al ▁free ▁trade ▁agre ements ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁Free ▁Trade ▁Ag re ement . ▁He ▁described ▁hypoth et ical ▁trade ▁negoti ations ▁between ▁Donald ▁Trump ▁and ▁Justin ▁Tru de au ▁as ▁" G od z illa ▁versus ▁B amb i ". ▁O ' Le ary ▁bel ieves ▁corpor ate ▁tax ▁rates ▁in ▁Canada ▁are ▁too ▁high , ▁and ▁has ▁promised ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁national ▁carbon ▁tax . ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁threatened ▁to ▁pun ish ▁provinces ▁by ▁with hold ing ▁transfer ▁pay ments ▁if ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁eliminate ▁their ▁respective ▁carbon ▁tax es . ▁O ' Le ary ▁is ▁a ▁critic ▁of ▁def ic it ▁sp ending ▁and ▁supports ▁elimin ating ▁the ▁national ▁deb t . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁oppos es ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁CR TC ▁over ▁Canada ' s ▁tele communic ations ▁system . ▁ ▁Energy ▁O ' Le ary ▁supports ▁building ▁a ▁pipeline ▁from ▁the ▁Ath ab as ca ▁oil ▁s ands ▁to ▁Eastern ▁Canada ▁with ▁the ▁intent ions ▁of ▁making ▁Canada ▁" energy ▁independent ". ▁He ▁has ▁critic ized ▁Canada ' |
s ▁reli ance ▁on ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁for ▁oil ▁and ▁gas . ▁He ▁has ▁stated ▁he ▁would ▁support ▁a ▁national ▁refer endum ▁on ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁pip elines . ▁ ▁Social ▁O ' Le ary ▁describes ▁his ▁social ▁policies ▁as ▁" very ▁liberal ". ▁He ▁supports ▁same - sex ▁marriage ▁and ▁trans gender ▁rights . ▁O ' Le ary ▁supports ▁the ▁legal ization ▁and ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁mar iju ana . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁supports ▁assist ed ▁suic ide ▁and ▁c ited ▁Switzerland ▁as ▁a ▁model ▁for ▁Canada ▁to ▁follow . ▁ ▁Foreign ▁and ▁military ▁policy ▁O ' Le ary ▁supported ▁ending ▁Canadian ▁a irst rik es ▁on ▁IS IS ▁and ▁supports ▁taking ▁a ▁peace keep ing ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁described ▁Russia ▁as ▁" ne ither ▁an ▁al ly ▁or ▁a ▁fo e " ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁C BC . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁critic ized ▁Justin ▁Tru de au ' s ▁proc ure ment ▁plan . ▁He ▁supports ▁purch asing ▁aer ial ▁combat ▁d ron es ▁to ▁defend ▁Canadian ▁air space ▁and ▁supports ▁ph asing ▁out ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Lock he ed ▁CP - 1 4 0 ▁Aur ora ▁cit ing ▁cost ▁reasons . ▁He ▁has ▁critic ized ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁fund ing ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁and ▁supports ▁sp ending ▁the ▁NAT O ▁recommended ▁ 2 % ▁of ▁G DP ▁on ▁military ▁exp end it ures . ▁ ▁Im m igration ▁O |
' Le ary ▁has ▁proposed ▁creating ▁a ▁" fast ▁track " ▁for ▁citizens hip ▁for ▁imm igr ants ▁who ▁gradu ate ▁from ▁college ▁or ▁university ▁and ▁find ▁employ ment , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁for ▁their ▁sp ouses ▁and ▁children . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁has ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁increased ▁border ▁security ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁tack le ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁illegal ▁imm igration . ▁ ▁Senate ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁interview ▁with ▁E van ▁Sol omon , ▁O ' Le ary ▁suggested ▁that ▁Sen ators ▁should ▁pay ▁money ▁every ▁year , ▁instead ▁of ▁being ▁paid , ▁thus ▁turning ▁" a ▁cost ▁centre ▁to ▁Canada " ▁into ▁" a ▁profit ▁centre ." ▁ ▁Le ad ership ▁deb t ▁and ▁law suit ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁h ired ▁lawyer ▁Joseph ▁Gro ia ▁and ▁su ed ▁E lections ▁Canada ▁and ▁Canada ' s ▁federal ▁elections ▁commission er ▁over ▁campaign ▁fin ance ▁laws ▁which ▁limited ▁candidates ▁to ▁sp ending ▁only ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁money ▁for ▁their ▁leadership ▁campaign . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁law suit , ▁O ' Le ary ▁still ▁ow ed ▁$ 4 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁credit ors . ▁O ' Le ary ▁had ▁proposed ▁to ▁E lections ▁Canada ▁that ▁he ▁pay ▁off ▁the ▁deb t ▁now ▁with ▁his ▁own ▁money ▁and ▁fund raise ▁the ▁money ▁later , ▁but ▁was ▁re buff ed , ▁since ▁this ▁would ▁be ▁illegal . ▁O |
' Le ary ▁made ▁public ▁statements ▁that ▁the ▁law ▁promoted ▁medi ocr ity ▁since ▁rich ▁people ▁would ▁be ▁disc ou rag ed ▁from ▁running ▁and ▁hurt ▁the ▁business es ▁who ▁had ▁p led ged ▁money ▁for ▁his ▁failed ▁leadership ▁campaign . ▁ ▁In ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁legal ▁subm issions , ▁he ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁laws ▁prevent ing ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁personal ▁money ▁over ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁were ▁a ▁restriction ▁of ▁his ▁Section ▁ 2 ▁Char ter ▁right ▁to ▁free ▁expression ▁and ▁the ▁threat ▁of ▁j ail ▁time ▁in ▁those ▁laws ▁viol ated ▁his ▁Section ▁ 7 ▁right ▁to ▁security ▁of ▁the ▁person . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁O ' Le ary ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁L inda , ▁have ▁been ▁married ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁The ▁couple ▁separated ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁but ▁res umed ▁their ▁marriage ▁after ▁two ▁years . ▁L inda ▁now ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁V P ▁of ▁Mark eting ▁for ▁O ' Le ary ▁W ines . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁children . ▁Tre vor ▁is ▁a ▁music ▁producer ▁and ▁DJ ▁while ▁Sav ann ah ▁is ▁a ▁multimedia ▁producer ▁at ▁the ▁H uff ington ▁Post . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Inc . ▁Magazine ▁writer ▁Brian ▁D ▁Evans ▁O ' Le ary ▁stated : ▁" In ▁a ▁successful ▁growing ▁business , ▁it ▁e ats ▁your ▁time ▁alive . ▁Then ▁later ▁in ▁life , ▁you ▁can ▁provide ▁for ▁your ▁family ▁things ▁that ▁many ▁others ▁can ' t ▁have . ▁But ▁because |
▁you ▁sacrific ed , ▁you ' re ▁then ▁given ▁the ▁reward ▁of ▁freedom ." ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁primary ▁residence ▁and ▁tax ▁res iden cy ▁is ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario . ▁He ▁also ▁maintain s ▁a ▁c ott age ▁in ▁Mus k oka ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁homes ▁in ▁Boston ▁and ▁Gene va , ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁O ' Le ary ▁is ▁a ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁football ▁team ▁the ▁New ▁England ▁Patri ots , ▁and ▁claims ▁to ▁watch ▁all ▁of ▁their ▁games , ▁even ▁when ▁he ▁is ▁travel ing ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁the ▁games ▁occur ▁during ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁night . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁wine ▁af icion ado , ▁and ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁Con fr érie ▁des ▁Che val iers ▁du ▁T aste vin , ▁an ▁international ▁association ▁of ▁burg und y ▁wine ▁enthus iast s . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁lif el ong ▁photograph er , ▁and ▁has ▁exhib ited ▁and ▁sold ▁prints ▁of ▁his ▁photograph s , ▁don ating ▁the ▁proceed s ▁to ▁char ity . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁fatal ▁crash ▁on ▁Lake ▁Joseph ▁in ▁Mus k oka , ▁Ontario . ▁A ▁ 6 4 - year - old ▁man ▁and ▁a ▁ 4 8 - year - old ▁woman ▁died ▁when ▁a ▁boat ▁owned ▁by ▁O ' Le ary ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁collision ▁with ▁another ▁boat . ▁O ' Le ary ▁said ▁in ▁a ▁statement ▁that ▁he |
▁is ▁co oper ating ▁with ▁the ▁police ▁investigation , ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁passenger ▁in ▁his ▁boat , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁other ▁boat ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁its ▁lights ▁on ▁and ▁" f led ▁the ▁scene ". ▁The ▁police ▁stated ▁that ▁both ▁boats ▁left ▁the ▁scene ▁to ▁" attend ▁a ▁location ▁and ▁both ▁parties ▁called ▁ 9 1 1 ." ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁L inda ▁O ' Le ary , ▁the ▁operator ▁of ▁the ▁O ' Le ary ' s ▁boat , ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁" care less ▁operation ▁of ▁a ▁vessel " ▁under ▁the ▁small ▁vessel ▁reg ulations ▁of ▁the ▁Canada ▁Sh ipping ▁Act , ▁a ▁charge ▁that ▁car ries ▁a ▁maximum ▁ 1 8 ▁months ▁imprison ment ▁and ▁a ▁$ 1 - mill ion ▁fine . ▁The ▁driver ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁boat , ▁Richard ▁Ru h ▁of ▁Or ch ard ▁Park , ▁New ▁York , ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁" fail ing ▁to ▁exhib it ▁navigation ▁light ▁while ▁under way ." ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁the ▁Public ▁Pro sec ution ▁Service ▁of ▁Canada ▁ruled ▁out ▁any ▁j ail ▁time ▁for ▁L inda . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Cold ▁Hard ▁Tr uth : ▁On ▁Business , ▁M oney ▁& ▁Life . ▁Double day ▁Canada . ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁Cold ▁Hard ▁Tr uth ▁on ▁Men , ▁Women ▁& ▁M oney . ▁Double day ▁Canada . ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁▁ ▁Cold ▁Hard ▁Tr uth ▁on ▁Family , ▁K ids ▁and ▁M oney . ▁Double |
day ▁Canada . ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ang lo phone ▁Quebec ▁people ▁Category : Art ists ▁from ▁Montreal ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Montreal ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁in ▁information ▁technology ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁in ▁met als ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁in ▁software ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁art ▁collect ors ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ▁people ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁business ▁and ▁financial ▁journal ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁business ▁writers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁chair men ▁of ▁corpor ations ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁comm od ities ▁trad ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁computer ▁business people ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁document ary ▁film m akers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁film ▁produ cers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁fin ance ▁and ▁invest ment ▁writers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁financial ▁company ▁found ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁financi ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁game ▁show ▁hosts ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁money ▁man agers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁motiv ational ▁writers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁people ▁of ▁Irish ▁descent ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁people ▁of ▁Leb an ese ▁descent ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁photograph ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁real ▁estate ▁business people ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁stock ▁trad ers |
▁Category : Can ad ian ▁technology ▁chief ▁execut ives ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁technology ▁company ▁found ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁television ▁company ▁found ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁television ▁produ cers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁television ▁talk ▁show ▁hosts ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁vent ure ▁capital ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁win em akers ▁Category : CT V ▁Television ▁Network ▁people ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Part icip ants ▁in ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Part icip ants ▁in ▁Canadian ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mount ▁Royal , ▁Quebec ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Water lo o ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁al umn i ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Montreal <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁owner ▁Wayne ▁Hu iz eng a ▁purchased ▁a ▁ 7 0 % ▁cont rolling ▁interest ▁in ▁Sports Channel ▁Florida , ▁with ▁Rain bow ▁Media ▁( by ▁that ▁time , ▁a ▁joint ▁vent ure ▁between ▁C able vision ▁and ▁N BC ) ▁retain ing ▁a ▁minor ity ▁ 3 0 % ▁interest . ▁That ▁led ▁Hu iz eng a ▁to ▁move ▁the ▁N HL ▁franch ise ' s ▁game ▁tele cast s ▁from ▁Sun sh ine ▁Network ▁to ▁Sports Channel ▁Florida ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 – 9 7 ▁season . ▁ ▁Radio ▁ ▁Notes ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Mo yn ih an ▁became ▁the ▁radio ▁color |
▁comment ator ▁and ▁pre - ▁and ▁post - game ▁show ▁host ▁for ▁the ▁expansion ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁His ▁talk ▁show ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁p . m . ▁to ▁ 1 ▁a . m ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁his ▁Pan thers ▁duties . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁W Q AM ' s ▁vice ▁president ▁and ▁general ▁manager ▁announced ▁that ▁Mo yn ih an ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁his ▁contract ▁renew ed . ▁ ▁Mol ler ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁Pan thers ' ▁television ▁color ▁anal yst ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁following ▁eight ▁seasons ▁as ▁the ▁team ' s ▁radio ▁play - by - play ▁announ cer ▁and ▁nine ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁radio ▁anal yst ▁before ▁that . ▁He ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁sc ream ing ▁a ▁pop ▁culture ▁reference ▁after ▁Florida ▁Pan ther ▁goals , ▁though ▁not ▁every ▁goal , ▁and ▁not ▁when ▁the ▁Pan thers ▁are ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁game . ▁Ex amples ▁such ▁as ▁references ▁to ▁T racy ▁Morgan ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁Rock , ▁a ▁Christian ▁B ale ▁t ira de , ▁film ▁quotes ▁from ▁Wed ding ▁Cr ash ers , ▁J aws , ▁and ▁For rest ▁G ump ▁are ▁included ▁on ▁a ▁YouTube ▁clip ▁produced ▁by ▁The ▁Dan ▁Le ▁Bat ard ▁Show ▁with ▁St ug ot z . ▁The ▁goal ▁calls ▁by ▁Mol ler ▁were ▁done ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁The ▁Dan ▁Le ▁Bat ard ▁Show , ▁which ▁shared ▁the ▁radio ▁station ▁that ▁hosts ▁the ▁Florida ▁Pan thers |
▁radio ▁play - by - play . ▁The ▁show ▁and ▁listen ers ▁provide ▁Mol ler ▁with ▁numerous ▁pop ▁culture ▁references , ▁and ▁he ▁then ▁cho oses ▁what ▁he ▁lik es ▁and ▁uses ▁it ▁during ▁games . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Pan thers ▁Al umn i ▁Association . ▁ ▁Mc Donald ▁filled ▁in ▁for ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁radio ▁play - by - play ▁man ▁R andy ▁Mol ler ▁for ▁three ▁games ▁when ▁Mol ler ▁became ▁ill ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁Notes ▁Pot vin ▁was ▁a ▁color ▁comment ator ▁for ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁television ▁broadcast s ▁on ▁F S ▁Florida ▁from ▁▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁pa ired ▁with ▁play - by - play ▁announ cers ▁Dave ▁Str ader ▁and ▁Steve ▁Gold stein , ▁for ▁over ▁ 1 6 ▁seasons ▁before ▁being ▁replaced ▁by ▁former ▁Pan thers ▁player ▁Bill ▁L inds ay ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Str ader ▁called ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ▁seasons ▁when ▁not ▁calling ▁games ▁for ▁N BC ▁or ▁Vers us . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Historical ▁N HL ▁over - the - air ▁television ▁broad c aster s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁Broad c aster s ▁& ▁Re por ters ▁R andy ▁Mol ler ▁named ▁new ▁color ▁anal yst ▁for ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁broadcast s ▁on ▁FO X ▁Sports ▁Florida ▁Pan thers |
▁TV ▁anal yst ▁ret ires . ▁And ▁college ▁football , ▁NFL ▁and ▁NBA ▁media ▁notes ▁Florida ▁Pan thers : ▁R andy ▁Mol ler ▁N amed ▁New ▁TV ▁Color ▁Anal yst ▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁broad c aster s ▁▁ ▁Category : F lor ida ▁Pan thers ▁lists <0x0A> </s> ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata , ▁common ▁name ▁: ▁the ▁fr ing ed ▁cow ry , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁cow ry , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁C yp ra e idae , ▁the ▁cow ries . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁The ▁following ▁sub species ▁are ▁recognized ▁: ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁dur ban ensis ▁( Sch ilder ▁& ▁Sch ilder , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁( syn onym s ▁: ▁C yp ra ea ▁f imb ri ata ▁dur ban ensis ▁( Sch ilder ▁& ▁Sch ilder , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ); ▁Pal mad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁dur ban ensis ▁Sch ilder ▁& ▁Sch ilder , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁forma ▁: ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁dur ban ensis ▁qu as ig rac ilis ▁( f ) ▁Lor enz , ▁F . ▁Jr ., ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁forma ▁: ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁un if as ci ata ▁wa ik iki ensis ▁( f ) ▁Sch ilder , ▁F . |
A ., ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁f imb ri ata ▁( G mel in , ▁ 1 7 9 1 ) ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁mar ques ana ▁Lor enz , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁qu as ig rac ilis ▁Lor enz , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁un if as ci ata ▁( M igh els , ▁J . W ., ▁ 1 8 4 5 ) ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁wa ik iki ensis ▁Sch ilder , ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁shell ▁size ▁var ies ▁between ▁ 7 mm ▁and ▁ 2 1 mm ▁ ▁Distribution ▁This ▁species ▁and ▁its ▁sub species ▁are ▁distributed ▁in ▁the ▁Red ▁Sea ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁along ▁Ald ab ra , ▁Ch ag os , ▁the ▁Com ores , ▁Ken ya , ▁Mad agas car , ▁the ▁Mas car ene ▁Bas in , ▁Maur it ius , ▁Moz amb ique , ▁Ré union , ▁the ▁Se ych elles , ▁Som alia ▁and ▁T anz ania ; ▁in ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ▁along ▁Japan . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Ver dc ourt , ▁B . ▁( 1 9 5 4 ). ▁The ▁cow ries ▁of ▁the ▁East ▁African ▁Coast ▁( K en ya , ▁Tang any ika , ▁Z anz ib ar ▁and ▁P emb a |
). ▁Journal ▁of ▁the ▁East ▁Africa ▁Natural ▁History ▁Society ▁ 2 2 ( 4 ) ▁ 9 6 : ▁ 1 2 9 – 1 4 4 , ▁ 1 7 ▁pl s . ▁ ▁Burg ess , ▁C . M . ▁( 1 9 7 0 ). ▁The ▁Living ▁Cow ries . ▁AS ▁Bar nes ▁and ▁Co , ▁Ltd . ▁C ran bury , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Gast rop ods . com ▁: ▁Pur pur ad usta ▁f imb ri ata ▁f imb ri ata ; ▁accessed ▁: ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Category : C yp ra e idae ▁Category : G ast rop ods ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Hyper ba ena ▁allen ii ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁plant ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Men is per ma ceae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Costa ▁Rica ▁and ▁Pan ama . ▁It ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M enis per ma ceae ▁Category : V ul ner able ▁plants ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Wild c ats ▁represented ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁in ▁Women ' s ▁Hockey ▁East ▁Association ▁play ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁women ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁season . ▁ ▁Off season ▁July ▁ 1 : ▁Bro oke ▁A very ▁named ▁to ▁Hockey ▁East ▁All ▁Academ ic ▁All - Star ▁Team |
▁ ▁Rec ruit ing ▁ ▁R oster ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Wild c ats ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁| - ▁! col span = 1 2 ▁style =" background :# 2 7 4 0 8 B ; color :# FFFF FF ;" | ▁Reg ular ▁Season ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁| - ▁! col span = 1 2 ▁style =" background :# 2 7 4 0 8 B ; color :# FFFF FF ;" | ▁W HE A ▁Tournament ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : New ▁Ham pshire ▁Wild c ats ▁women ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁seasons ▁New ▁Ham ▁New ▁Ham <0x0A> </s> ▁When ▁Nap les ▁S ings ▁( Ital ian : N ap oli ▁che ▁cant a ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Italian ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Roberto ▁Ro ber ti . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁▁ ▁Rod ol fo ▁De ▁Angel is ▁▁ ▁Ad ol fo ▁D ella ▁Mon ica ▁▁ ▁T ec la ▁Sc ar ano ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Giorg io ▁Bert ell ini . ▁Italy ▁in ▁Early ▁American ▁Cinema : ▁Race , ▁Land s cape , ▁and ▁the ▁Pictures que . ▁Indiana ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Roberto ▁Ro ber ti ▁Category : Ital ian ▁silent ▁short ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Nap les ▁Category : Ital ian |
▁black - and - white ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁K iw icon ▁is ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁computer ▁security ▁conference ▁held ▁ann ually ▁in ▁Well ington ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁It ▁brings ▁together ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁people ▁interested ▁in ▁information ▁security . ▁Representatives ▁of ▁government ▁ag encies ▁and ▁corpor ations ▁attend , ▁along ▁with ▁hack ers . ▁ ▁The ▁conference ▁format ▁allows ▁for ▁tal ks , ▁inform al ▁discuss ions , ▁social ising , ▁key ▁signing ▁and ▁compet itions . ▁Tal ks ▁are ▁of ▁various ▁lengths ▁on ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁subjects , ▁usually ▁including ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁techniques ▁for ▁modern ▁explo its ▁and ▁oper ational ▁security , ▁security ▁philosophy , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ha cker ▁history , ▁related ▁New ▁Zealand ▁law , ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁tal ks ▁on ▁more ▁es oter ic ▁topics . ▁ ▁K iw icon ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Adam ▁Bo ile au ▁when ▁the ▁annual ▁Australian ▁computer ▁security ▁conference ▁R ux con ▁was ▁cancel led ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁K iw icon ▁X , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁K iw icon ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁conference ▁returned ▁for ▁ 1 6 - 1 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁called ▁" K iw icon ▁ 2 0 3 8 AD ", ▁with ▁tick ets ▁s elling ▁out ▁in ▁under ▁three ▁days ▁by ▁ 6 ▁September . ▁ ▁Past ▁Con ferences ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁- ▁" Sh are |
▁The ▁Know ledge " ▁The ▁inaug ural ▁K iw icon ▁was ▁held ▁during ▁the ▁week end ▁of ▁ 1 7 – 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁at ▁Victoria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 2 0 0 ▁people ▁from ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁security ▁community ▁( and ▁elsewhere ) ▁attended ▁the ▁two - day ▁event . ▁T alk ▁topics ▁included : ▁the ▁psych ology ▁of ▁user ▁security ▁errors , ▁information ▁war fare , ▁hiding ▁files ▁in ▁RAM , ▁crack ing ▁with ▁Play Station , ▁and ▁attacks ▁on : ▁k ios ks , ▁tele communic ations ▁company ▁eth ern et , ▁non - IP ▁networks , ▁and ▁a ▁serious ▁Windows ▁hole . ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁- ▁" Two ▁Cons , ▁One ▁V ision " ▁K iw icon ▁ 2 k 8 ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 7 th ▁and ▁ 2 8 ▁September , ▁with ▁an ▁attend ance ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 5 0 ▁people . ▁A ▁bro ader ▁range ▁of ▁at ten de es ▁arrived , ▁with ▁pres ale ▁tick ets ▁s elling ▁out ▁before ▁the ▁doors ▁opened . ▁Att ende es ▁were ▁gre et ed ▁with ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁video ▁phone ▁capt ures ▁prov ing ▁the ▁in security ▁of ▁video ▁confer encing ▁systems . ▁Top ics ▁included : ▁mass ▁surve ill ance , ▁using ▁h one yp ots ▁to ▁detect ▁mal icious ▁servers , ▁physical ▁security , ▁using ▁search ▁engine ▁optimization ▁to ▁make ▁websites ▁disappear ▁from ▁search ▁results , ▁Bl uetooth ▁surve ill ance |
, ▁Internet ▁pro be ▁counter att ack ing , ▁speed ▁hack ing , ▁and ▁attacks ▁on : ▁w ired ▁and ▁mobile ▁phone ▁systems , ▁bi omet rics , ▁Cit rix ▁X en App , ▁and ▁Windows ▁V ista ▁via ▁heap ▁explo itation . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁- ▁" K iw icon ▁III : ▁Army ▁of ▁Dark ness " ▁K iw icon ▁ 2 k 9 ▁was ▁held ▁during ▁the ▁week end ▁of ▁ 2 8 th - 2 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁Victoria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁year ▁running . ▁The ▁event ▁sold ▁out ▁with ▁an ▁attend ance ▁of ▁over ▁ 3 5 0 ▁people . ▁T alk ▁topics ▁included : ▁professional ▁vulner ability ▁research , ▁ident ifying ▁online ▁ident ities ▁using ▁Bay esian ▁inference , ▁social ▁engineering , ▁radio ▁sn iff ing , ▁def ending ▁against ▁den ial - of - service ▁attacks , ▁Linux ▁root k its , ▁an ▁introduction ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Internet ▁Task ▁Force , ▁and ▁attacks ▁on : ▁physical ▁access ▁control ▁systems , ▁G PS , ▁smart ▁cards , ▁shared ▁hosting ▁platforms , ▁Active Sync , ▁iOS ▁App ▁Store , ▁pag ers , ▁wireless ▁rou ters , ▁and ▁scientific ▁software . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁- ▁" The ▁four ▁e : She ep - pers ons ▁of ▁the ▁Cy ber ▁Inf op ocal yp se " ▁K iw icon ▁IV ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁week end ▁of ▁ 2 7 th - 2 8 ▁November |
▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁at ▁Victoria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington , ▁and ▁sold ▁out ▁even ▁earlier ▁than ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁title ▁was ▁a ▁play ▁on ▁the ▁term ▁Four ▁H ors emen ▁of ▁the ▁Inf ocal yp se . ▁Some ▁talk ▁topics ▁included : ▁a ▁survey ▁of ▁un patch ed ▁devices ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁internet , ▁fast ▁data ▁er asure , ▁urban ▁expl oration , ▁web ▁sc rap ing , ▁w ard riv ing ▁with ▁Ar duino , ▁New ▁Zealand ' s ▁proposed ▁Search ▁and ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁Act , ▁and ▁attacks ▁on : ▁R F ID ▁tags , ▁Internet ▁exchange ▁points , ▁Amazon ▁Kind le , ▁Microsoft ▁Office ▁and ▁Java ▁serial ization . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁- ▁" It ▁Go es ▁b 0 0 m " ▁/ ▁" Shell code , ▁tre ason ▁and ▁plot " ▁For ▁its ▁fifth ▁year , ▁K iw icon ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 5 th ▁and ▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁at ▁a ▁much ▁larger ▁ven ue , ▁the ▁Well ington ▁Opera ▁House . ▁The ▁s log ans ▁and ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁referenced ▁Guy ▁F aw kes ▁and ▁the ▁Gun pow der ▁Plot . ▁Among ▁the ▁talk ▁topics ▁were : ▁an ▁example ▁attack ▁on ▁a ▁film ▁studio , ▁polic ing ▁hack ing ▁from ▁organized ▁crime ▁gang s , ▁oper ational ▁security , ▁" cy ber war fare ", ▁New ▁Zealand ' s ▁new ▁file - sh aring ▁law , ▁autom ated ▁memory ▁cor |
ruption ▁explo itation , ▁Mac ▁OS ▁root k itting , ▁and ▁attacks ▁on : ▁N FC ▁transactions , ▁i Ph ones , ▁Android , ▁and ▁gar age ▁door ▁open ers . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁- ▁" The ▁Con ▁of ▁the ▁Be ast " ▁K iw icon ▁ 6 ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁and ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁again ▁at ▁the ▁Well ington ▁Opera ▁House . ▁T alk ▁topics ▁included : ▁hack t iv ist ▁communities , ▁meas uring ▁security , ▁security ▁lif ecycle , ▁one - time ▁audio ▁passwords , ▁Bl uetooth ▁sn iff ing , ▁bio h ack ing , ▁ph ishing , ▁ste alth ▁web ▁application ▁reconna issance , ▁remote ▁w ip ing ▁smart ph ones ▁connecting ▁to ▁Exchange , ▁a ▁social ▁network ▁monitoring ▁tool , ▁and ▁a ▁w ard riv ing ▁motor cycle . ▁In ▁reference ▁to ▁a ▁jo ke ▁from ▁the ▁previous ▁year , ▁a ▁home bre w ▁be er ▁label led ▁" cy ber war " ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁volunte ers ▁and ▁sold ▁at ▁the ▁after party . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁" Cy ber fri ends " ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁" It ' s ▁always ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁in ▁Computer ▁Security " ▁/ ▁" H ack ers ▁just ▁w anna ▁have ▁fun " ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁- ▁" Cy ber war ▁Is ▁Hell " ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁- ▁" The ▁Tr uth ▁is ▁In ▁Here |
" ▁ ▁K iw icon ▁X ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁larger ▁Michael ▁F ow ler ▁Center ▁with ▁almost ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁at ten de es , ▁on ▁ 1 5 - 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁T alk ▁topics ▁included ▁radiation - indu ced ▁crypt ographic ▁fail ures , ▁a ▁story ▁of ▁active ▁incident ▁response ▁against ▁attacks ▁on ▁Pac net ▁from ▁Tel stra ▁research ers , ▁a ▁ph ishing ▁autom ation ▁tool , ▁benefits ▁of ▁containers ▁en abling ▁an ▁application ▁to ▁contain ▁itself , ▁the ▁dis connect ▁between ▁security ▁and ▁business , ▁spo of ing ▁G PS ▁by ▁changing ▁the ▁time , ▁why ▁machine ▁learning ▁explo itation ▁is ▁good , ▁a ▁history ▁of ▁lock pick ing , ▁remote ▁activation ▁of ▁sw ipe - card ▁readers , ▁and ▁explo its ▁for ▁i Class ▁R F ID , ▁GUI s , ▁OS X , ▁native ▁web - based ▁applications , ▁PHP ▁ 7 , ▁in secure ▁random ▁number ▁generation , ▁Amazon ▁Web ▁Services , ▁inf ra red ▁devices , ▁Node JS , ▁and ▁HTML ▁_ blank . ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁- ▁" K iw icon ▁ 2 0 3 8 " ▁ ▁Ad vert ising ▁controvers y ▁On ▁ 2 9 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁persons ▁associated ▁with ▁K iw icon ▁used ▁simple ▁X SS ▁attacks ▁to ▁spo of ▁websites ▁of ▁news ▁organis ations ▁The ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Her ald ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Computer world . ▁No ▁actual ▁pages ▁on ▁the ▁servers ▁were ▁alter ed . |
▁Similar ▁attacks ▁were ▁performed ▁in ▁following ▁years ▁on ▁different ▁websites , ▁but ▁these ▁went ▁un report ed , ▁as ▁is ▁usual ▁in ▁main stream ▁press ▁for ▁such ▁attacks . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Information ▁technology ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : H acker ▁convent ions <0x0A> </s> ▁D ich agy ris ▁gro tei ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁cut w orm ▁or ▁d art ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁No ctu idae . ▁ ▁The ▁M ON A ▁or ▁H od ges ▁number ▁for ▁D ich agy ris ▁gro tei ▁is ▁ 1 0 8 6 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : No ctu inae ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Po ș ta ▁Mold ove i ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁company ▁responsible ▁for ▁postal ▁service ▁in ▁Mold ova . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Post age ▁st amps ▁and ▁postal ▁history ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁D inu ▁Po ș t aren co . ▁Po ș ta ▁Mold ove i . ▁File ▁de ▁ist orie . ▁Chi ş in ă u ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Edit ura ▁C iv itas . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Mold ova St amps . org ▁- ▁Catalogue ▁of ▁the ▁Post age ▁St amps ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁ ▁Category : Comm unic ations ▁in ▁Mold ova ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁Mold ova <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 |
9 2 7 – 2 8 ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 5 3 rd ▁season ▁of ▁compet itive ▁football ▁in ▁England . ▁ ▁Events ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁which ▁D ix ie ▁Dean ▁scored ▁ 6 0 ▁goals ▁in ▁ 3 9 ▁league ▁appearances ▁for ▁Ever ton ▁– ▁more ▁than ▁half ▁of ▁their ▁total ▁for ▁the ▁season ▁( 1 0 2 ). ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Notes ▁= ▁Number ▁in ▁parentheses ▁is ▁the ▁times ▁that ▁club ▁has ▁won ▁that ▁honour . ▁* ▁indicates ▁new ▁record ▁for ▁competition ▁ ▁Football ▁League ▁ ▁First ▁Division ▁ ▁Second ▁Division ▁ ▁Third ▁Division ▁North ▁ ▁Third ▁Division ▁South ▁ ▁Top ▁goals cor ers ▁ ▁First ▁Division ▁D ix ie ▁Dean ▁( E ver ton ) ▁– ▁ 6 0 ▁goals ▁ ▁Second ▁Division ▁Jimmy ▁Cook son ▁( West ▁B rom wich ▁Alb ion ) ▁– ▁ 3 8 ▁goals ▁ ▁Third ▁Division ▁North ▁Joe ▁Smith ▁( Sto ck port ▁County ) ▁– ▁ 3 8 ▁goals ▁ ▁Third ▁Division ▁South ▁Harry ▁Morris ▁( Sw ind on ▁Town ) ▁– ▁ 3 8 ▁goals ▁ ▁References <0x0A> </s> ▁Kauf man ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Mad ison ▁County , ▁Illinois , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁History ▁Kauf man ▁was ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁the ▁To led o , ▁St . ▁Louis ▁and ▁Western ▁Rail road ▁( comm only ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Clo ver ▁Le af ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Mad ison ▁County , ▁Illinois ▁Category : |
Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Illinois <0x0A> </s> ▁Ray ▁Mer cer ▁vs . ▁Tommy ▁Mor r ison , ▁bil led ▁as ▁" Test ▁of ▁Cou rage ", ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁box ing ▁match ▁cont ested ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁for ▁the ▁W BO ▁He avy weight ▁Championship . ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁fight ▁was ▁a ▁match up ▁between ▁two ▁und efe ated , ▁up - and - coming ▁heavy we ights . ▁Th irty - year - old ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Olympic ▁Gold ▁Medal ist ▁Ray ▁Mer cer ▁had ▁won ▁all ▁ 1 7 ▁of ▁his ▁previous ▁f ights ▁( 1 2 ▁by ▁K O ) ▁since ▁turning ▁pro ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁and ▁was ▁coming ▁off ▁a ▁victory ▁over ▁Francesco ▁Dam iani ▁that ▁made ▁him ▁the ▁W BO ▁He avy weight ▁Champion , ▁though ▁the ▁W BO ▁title ▁did ▁not ▁carry ▁nearly ▁as ▁much ▁prest ige ▁as ▁the ▁W BA , ▁W BC ▁and ▁IB F ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁title . ▁Meanwhile , ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁Tommy ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁a ▁perfect ▁ 2 8 – 0 ▁with ▁ 2 3 ▁vict ories ▁coming ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁knock out . ▁Mor r ison ▁had ▁four ▁prior ▁f ights ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁including ▁first ▁round ▁vict ories ▁over ▁former ▁heavy weight ▁cont enders ▁James ▁Till is ▁and ▁P ink lon ▁Thomas . ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁bout ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁take ▁place ▁on |
▁August ▁ 9 , ▁but ▁Mor r ison ▁had ▁to ▁withdraw ▁after ▁suffering ▁a ▁deep ▁cut ▁while ▁sp arring . ▁Mer cer ▁cont empl ated ▁facing ▁a ▁substitute ▁oppon ent , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁the ▁following ▁week ▁that ▁fight ▁would ▁be ▁res ch eduled ▁for ▁October ▁ 1 8 . ▁ ▁While ▁Mer cer ▁was ▁fighting ▁and ▁winning ▁with ▁inj uries ▁and ▁under ▁advers ity ▁against ▁K imm uel ▁Od um , ▁Bert ▁Cooper ▁and ▁Francesco ▁Dam iani , ▁critics ▁have ▁called ▁his ▁skills ▁primitive . ▁Rum ors ▁circul ated ▁that ▁Ray ▁was ▁more ▁dedicated ▁to ▁part ying ▁than ▁to ▁training . ▁ ▁The ▁Fight ▁Mor r ison ▁got ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁great ▁start , ▁out box ing ▁a ▁sl ugg ish ▁Mer cer ▁through ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁r ounds ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁taking ▁all ▁three ▁r ounds ▁on ▁all ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁judge ' s ▁score cards . ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁limit ▁Mer cer ' s ▁off ense , ▁land ed ▁several ▁combinations ▁and ▁opened ▁up ▁a ▁cut ▁on ▁Mer cer ' s ▁lower ▁lip . ▁However , ▁Mer cer ▁reb ounded ▁with ▁a ▁strong ▁round ▁four , ▁landing ▁several ▁hard ▁rights ▁to ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁head . ▁Mer cer ▁would ▁end ▁the ▁fight ▁only ▁ 2 8 ▁seconds ▁into ▁the ▁fifth ▁round . ▁With ▁Mor r ison ▁back ed ▁up ▁into ▁the ▁corner , ▁Mer cer ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁land ▁a ▁ 1 5 – p unch ▁combination . ▁Clear ly ▁hurt ▁from ▁the ▁exchange |
, ▁Mor r ison ▁sl ump ed ▁against ▁the ▁ro pes , ▁but ▁the ▁ref eree ▁allowed ▁Mer cer ▁to ▁land ▁several ▁more ▁pun ishing ▁blow s ▁to ▁a ▁now ▁def ens eless ▁Mor r ison ▁before ▁finally ▁ending ▁the ▁fight . ▁ ▁After math ▁Mer cer ' s ▁victory ▁prop elled ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁heavy we ights ▁in ▁the ▁division ▁and ▁he ▁made ▁it ▁known ▁in ▁his ▁post - match ▁interview ▁that ▁he ▁wanted ▁a ▁shot ▁at ▁Ev ander ▁Holy field ' s ▁Und is put ed ▁He avy weight ▁title . ▁Mer cer ▁chose ▁to ▁by pass ▁a ▁W BO ▁title ▁match ▁with ▁Michael ▁Mo orer , ▁instead ▁vac ating ▁the ▁title ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁on ▁to ▁a ▁number ▁one ▁cont enders ▁match ▁with ▁Larry ▁Hol mes ▁scheduled ▁on ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁with ▁a ▁shot ▁at ▁Holy field ' s ▁Und is put ed ▁title ▁on ▁the ▁line . ▁Mer cer ▁was ▁installed ▁as ▁a ▁heavy ▁favorite ▁over ▁the ▁ag ing ▁Hol mes , ▁but ▁Hol mes ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁out box ▁and ▁out point ▁Mer cer ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁a ▁un anim ous ▁decision ▁victory , ▁taking ▁Mer cer ' s ▁title ▁shot ▁against ▁Holy field ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁ ▁Mor r ison ▁reb ounded ▁from ▁the ▁loss ▁by ▁winning ▁his ▁next ▁eight ▁f ights ▁before ▁meeting ▁George ▁For eman ▁for ▁the ▁W BO ▁He av weight ▁Championship ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁vac |
ated ▁by ▁Mo orer ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁year . ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁out box ▁For eman ▁and ▁won ▁by ▁a ▁l ops ided ▁un anim ous ▁decision ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁new ▁W BO ▁champion , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁re est ab lish ing ▁him ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁heavy weight ▁cont enders . ▁He ▁then ▁signed ▁a ▁deal ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁W BC ▁He avy weight ▁champion ▁Len no x ▁Lewis ▁for ▁the ▁title , ▁but ▁chose ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁t une up ▁bout ▁against ▁the ▁virt ually ▁unknown ▁Michael ▁Bent t ▁before ▁facing ▁Lewis . ▁The ▁decision ▁would ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁un wise ▁as ▁Bent t ▁brut al ized ▁Mor r ison ▁during ▁their ▁fight , ▁knock ing ▁him ▁down ▁three ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁fight ▁was ▁stopped ▁and ▁Bent t ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁winner . ▁The ▁loss ▁cost ▁Mor r ison ▁his ▁title ▁shot ▁against ▁Lewis , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁reported ▁$ 7 . 5 ▁million ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁to ▁ear n ▁in ▁the ▁Lewis ▁fight . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : World ▁Box ing ▁Organ ization ▁heavy weight ▁championship ▁matches ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁in ▁box ing ▁Category : Box ing ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁in ▁sports ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : Oct ober ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁sports ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁New ▁Hor izon ▁Institute ▁( N ep ali ▁: ▁ न ् य ू ▁ |
ह ो र ा <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x88> ज न ▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x87> न ् स ् ट ि च ् य ु ट ) ▁▁▁ ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁year ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁AD ▁( 2 0 4 6 ▁B S ) ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁of ▁education ists , ▁teachers , ▁social ▁workers , ▁and ▁business man ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Late ▁Mr . ▁Me L al ▁Ch andra ▁S hr est ha . It ▁is ▁a ▁successful ▁institution ▁that ▁has ▁produced ▁great ▁intellect uals , ▁scient ist ▁and ▁sports man . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁school ▁in ▁Nep al . It ▁has ▁been ▁able ▁to ▁win ▁ 7 ▁golden ▁shield ▁for ▁best ▁performance ▁in ▁SE E . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Institute ▁Com men ced ▁+ 2 ▁Program mes ▁in ▁management ▁and ▁science ▁streams ▁in ▁ 2 0 5 3 ▁B S ▁affili ated ▁with ▁High er ▁Second ary ▁Education ▁Board . ▁The ▁College ▁initi ated ▁Trib hu van ▁University - aff ili ated ▁B BS ▁and ▁M BS ▁program mes ▁in ▁ 2 0 6 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 6 4 ▁B S , ▁respectively . ▁New ▁Hor izon ▁College ▁started ▁running ▁Pok h ara ▁University - aff ili ated ▁B BA ▁program mes ▁Under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁K sh it iz ▁International ▁College ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁AD ▁and ▁But wal ▁Model ▁College , ▁P ads ari ▁– ▁ 8 ▁K ata i ya ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁college |
▁is ▁privile ged ▁to ▁pione er ▁introdu cing ▁Trib hu van ▁University - aff ili ated ▁B Sc ▁programme ▁in ▁this ▁region ▁from ▁ 2 0 6 8 ▁B S . ▁N HC ▁has ▁launched ▁school ▁level ▁programme ▁in ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Hor izon ▁G . B . S . ▁English ▁Board ing ▁School ▁Under ▁its ▁own ▁management .. ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁program mes ▁ ▁School ▁level ▁education ▁▁ ▁From ▁play ▁groups ▁to ▁Gra de ▁ 1 0 ▁at ▁New ▁Hor izon ▁English ▁Board ing ▁Second ary ▁School , ▁Kal ik ang ar ▁and ▁Hor izon ▁G . B . S . English ▁Board ing ▁School , ▁T il ott ama ▁– ▁ 5 ▁Driver to le , ▁R up ande hi ▁Nep al ▁ ▁High er ▁secondary ▁level ▁education ▁▁ ▁+ 2 ▁Level ▁of ▁education ▁in ▁science ▁and ▁management ▁streams , ▁at ▁New ▁Hor izon ▁College ▁+ 2 ▁complex , ▁T il ott ama ▁- 5 ▁Driver to le , ▁R up ande hi ▁in ▁the ▁morning ▁and ▁Day ▁Sh ifts . ▁ ▁University ▁education ▁▁ ▁The ▁B BA ▁and ▁B BA - BI ▁program mes ▁of ▁Pok h ara ▁University ▁at ▁K sh it iz ▁International ▁College ▁Complex , ▁Kal ikan agar , ▁R up ande hi ▁in ▁the ▁morning ▁and ▁day ▁sh ifts . ▁ ▁The ▁B Sc , ▁B BS , ▁and ▁M BS ▁program mes ▁of ▁Trib hu van ▁University , ▁at ▁New ▁Hor izon ▁College ▁Complex ▁But wal ▁R up ande hi ▁in ▁morning ▁and ▁day ▁Sh |
ifts . ▁ ▁The ▁B BA ▁and ▁MP G D ▁ ▁program mes ▁of ▁Pok h ara ▁University ▁at ▁But wal ▁Model ▁College ▁P ads ari ▁– ▁ 8 ▁K ata i ya , ▁R up ande hi ▁in ▁Mor ning ▁Sh ift . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁Nep al ▁Category : T rib hu van ▁University ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Nep al ▁Category : Second ary ▁schools ▁in ▁Nep al ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Re ver end ▁Staff ord ▁Po ole , ▁C . M ., ▁( born ▁March ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 3 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Catholic ▁priest ▁and ▁a ▁research ▁historian . ▁He ▁was ▁formerly ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁history ▁at , ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁President ▁of , ▁the ▁former ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁Sem inary ▁College ▁( closed ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁in ▁Cam ar illo , ▁California . ▁Additionally , ▁he ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁extensive ▁writ ings ▁about ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁in ▁Mexico ▁and ▁the ▁dev otion ▁to ▁the ▁Virgin ▁of ▁Gu ad alu pe . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Po ole ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Ox n ard , ▁California , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Be atrice ▁H ess ie ▁Smith ▁and ▁Joseph ▁O uth wa ite ▁Po ole , ▁Sr ., ▁and ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁North ▁Hollywood . ▁While ▁in ▁grammar ▁schools ▁there , ▁his ▁class m ates |
▁included ▁both ▁the ▁sons ▁of ▁the ▁noted ▁singer , ▁B ing ▁C ros by , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁future ▁Card inal ▁Roger ▁Mah ony . ▁For ▁high ▁school , ▁he ▁attended ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁College , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁minor ▁sem inary ▁run ▁by ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁for ▁high - school ▁age ▁boys ▁who ▁were ▁considering ▁the ▁priest hood . ▁ ▁Studies ▁Upon ▁his ▁gradu ation ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Cong reg ation ▁of ▁the ▁Mission ▁of ▁Saint ▁Vincent ▁de ▁Paul , ▁taking ▁his ▁v ows ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁He ▁did ▁his ▁sem inary ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁Vincent ian ▁sem inary ▁in ▁Perry ville , ▁Missouri , ▁ear ning ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁He ▁completed ▁his ▁the ological ▁studies ▁and ▁was ▁ord ained ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁afterwards ▁teaching ▁in ▁sem in aries ▁in ▁the ▁Mid western ▁United ▁States . ▁He ▁received ▁a ▁Master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁Spanish ▁literature ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁history , ▁both ▁from ▁St . ▁Louis ▁University . ▁ ▁Although ▁his ▁focus ▁had ▁been ▁American ▁and ▁European ▁history , ▁Po ole ' s ▁dis sert ation ▁was ▁titled ▁" The ▁Indian ▁Problem ▁in ▁the ▁Third ▁Mexican ▁Provin cial ▁Council , ▁ 1 5 8 5 " ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁analyz ed ▁recently ▁found ▁documents ▁from ▁the ▁first |
▁Provin cial ▁Coun c ils ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁in ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁Author ship ▁Po ole ▁wrote ▁an ▁article ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁for ▁the ▁Jes uit ▁magazine ▁America ▁entitled ▁Tom orrow ' s ▁Sem in aries , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁reflected ▁on ▁his ▁experiences ▁from ▁teaching ▁sem in ari ans . ▁The ▁article ▁was ▁a ▁sens ation ▁in ▁Church ▁circles , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁soon ▁approached ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁book ▁on ▁the ▁topic . ▁He ▁contract ed ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁publishing ▁house ▁Her der ▁& ▁Her der , ▁which ▁special ized ▁in ▁works ▁on ▁Catholic ▁topics . ▁They ▁published ▁his ▁book , ▁Sem inary ▁in ▁Cris is ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁involved ▁as ▁an ▁expert ▁consult ant ▁on ▁sem inary ▁formation ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Conference ▁of ▁B ish ops ▁and ▁other ▁authorities ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁twenty ▁years . ▁ ▁He ▁continued ▁to ▁take ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁Council ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁studied ▁for ▁his ▁dis sert ation , ▁and ▁wrote ▁several ▁articles ▁on ▁it ▁for ▁scholar ly ▁journ als ▁with ▁His pan ic ▁focus . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁he ▁was ▁led ▁to ▁translate ▁the ▁Ap ologia ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Domin ican ▁fri ar ▁and ▁bishop , ▁Bart ol om é ▁de ▁las ▁Cas as , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁def ender ▁of ▁Native ▁American ▁rights ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁colon ies ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Empire . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁Latin ▁work ▁of ▁the ▁speech es ▁Las ▁Cas as ▁delivered |
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