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▁de ▁Nov ia ▁Br idal ▁C out ure , ▁a ▁br idal ▁dress ▁shop , ▁moved ▁into ▁the ▁center ▁in ▁a ▁space ▁below ▁the ▁Am ér icas ▁restaurant . ▁The ▁former ▁moved ▁into ▁a ▁ ▁area ▁while ▁the ▁letter ▁moved ▁into ▁a ▁ ▁area ; ▁both ▁are ▁separated ▁from ▁one ▁another ▁by ▁a ▁low ▁glass ▁partition . ▁The ▁combined ▁new ▁space ▁of ▁the ▁sh ops ▁is ▁ ▁larger ▁than ▁the ▁combined ▁previous ▁one . ▁ ▁Mar fre less ▁Bar ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁two - story ▁area ▁behind ▁the ▁River ▁O aks ▁Theatre ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Mar fre less ▁announced ▁it ▁was ▁closing . ▁It ▁was ▁accessible ▁through ▁an ▁un mark ed ▁door . ▁The ▁closure ▁was ▁scheduled ▁for ▁March ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁bar ▁announced ▁it ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁re open ▁later ▁that ▁summer , ▁with ▁new ▁management . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁J ▁Mc L augh lin ▁in ▁Texas ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁open ▁at ▁this ▁center ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Alabama ▁Theatre ▁( H ou ston ) ▁ ▁Village ▁Ar cade ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Long stre th , ▁Richard . ▁" R iver ▁O aks ▁Sho pping ▁Center " ▁( Arch ive ). ▁C ite . ▁R ice ▁Design ▁Alliance , ▁Winter ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁( N or thern ▁Hem is phere ). ▁p . |
8 - 1 3 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁" App ro val ▁of ▁a ▁resolution ▁design ating ▁River ▁O aks ▁Community ▁Sho pping ▁Center ▁and ▁River ▁O aks ▁Theatre , ▁and ▁Alabama ▁Community ▁Sho pping ▁Center ▁and ▁Alabama ▁Theatre ▁as ▁ 2 ▁Historic ▁Land marks ." ▁( Arch ive ) ▁City ▁of ▁Houston . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁River ▁O aks ▁Sho pping ▁Center ▁ ▁" Save ▁these ▁tre as ured ▁icons ." ▁Carol yn ▁Far b ▁Official ▁Website . ▁ ▁Category : S ho pping ▁cent ers ▁in ▁Houston ▁Category : 1 9 3 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Texas ▁Category : Ne art own , ▁Houston <0x0A> </s> ▁Jun - ha , ▁also ▁sp elled ▁Ch un - ha ▁or ▁Jo on - ha , ▁is ▁a ▁Korean ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁name . ▁Its ▁meaning ▁diff ers ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁han ja ▁used ▁to ▁write ▁each ▁sy ll able ▁of ▁the ▁name . ▁There ▁are ▁ 3 4 ▁han ja ▁with ▁the ▁reading ▁" jo on " ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁han ja ▁with ▁the ▁reading ▁" ha " ▁on ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁government ' s ▁official ▁list ▁of ▁han ja ▁which ▁may ▁be ▁registered ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁given ▁names . ▁ ▁People ▁with ▁this ▁name ▁include : ▁Ch ang ▁Ch un - ha ▁( 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 7 5 ), ▁Korean ▁independence ▁activ ist , ▁later ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁journalist ▁and ▁politician ▁Je ong ▁Jun - ha ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 |
1 ), ▁South ▁Korean ▁com ed ian ▁ ▁Y oon ▁Jun - ha ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 7 ), ▁South ▁Korean ▁football ▁player ▁ ▁Lee ▁Jo on - ha ▁( born ▁ 2 0 0 1 ), ▁South ▁Korean ▁child ▁actress ▁ ▁F ict ional ▁characters ▁with ▁this ▁name ▁include : ▁Jun ah , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁characters ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁South ▁Korean ▁film ▁W ane e ▁& ▁Jun ah ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Korean ▁given ▁names ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : K ore an ▁mascul ine ▁given ▁names <0x0A> </s> ▁Phil ▁Ford ▁( born ▁ 1 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 1 ), ▁also ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁nick name ▁of ▁" The ▁Rub ber ▁Man ", ▁is ▁a ▁Wel sh ▁former ▁rugby ▁union ▁and ▁professional ▁rugby ▁league ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁He ▁played ▁club ▁level ▁rugby ▁union ▁( RU ) ▁for ▁Rum ney ▁R FC ▁and ▁Card iff ▁R FC , ▁and ▁representative ▁level ▁rugby ▁league ▁( RL ) ▁for ▁Great ▁Britain ▁and ▁Wales , ▁and ▁at ▁club ▁level ▁for ▁W arr ington ▁( Her itage ▁№ ), ▁W igan ▁ ▁( Her itage ▁№ ▁ 8 0 9 ), ▁Brad ford ▁Northern , ▁Le eds ▁( Her itage ▁№ ) ▁and ▁S alf ord , ▁as ▁a ▁ ▁or ▁. ▁ ▁His ▁brother ▁Steve ▁Ford ▁was ▁a ▁Wales ▁national ▁rugby ▁union ▁team ▁footballer , ▁who ▁was ▁susp |
ended ▁for ▁a ▁period ▁for ▁having ▁played ▁a ▁rugby ▁league ▁trial ▁with ▁Le eds . ▁His ▁nep hew ▁is ▁Wales ▁rugby ▁league ▁international ▁Lloyd ▁White . ▁ ▁Ford ▁initially ▁played ▁rugby ▁union ▁in ▁Wales ▁at ▁club ▁level ▁for ▁Card iff ▁R FC ▁and ▁Rum ney ▁R FC . ▁He ▁changed ▁rugby ▁football ▁codes ▁from ▁rugby ▁union ▁to ▁ ▁rugby ▁league ▁when ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁W arr ington ▁during ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁Ford ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁go ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Great ▁Britain ▁L ions ▁tour . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Britain ▁team ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁third ▁Ash es ▁Test ▁in ▁Australia . ▁It ▁was ▁their ▁first ▁victory ▁over ▁Australia ▁since ▁the ▁second ▁Test ▁at ▁O ds al ▁Stadium , ▁Brad ford ▁during ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁Wales ▁( RL ) ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Rugby ▁League ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Ford ▁was ▁nick named ▁The ▁Rub ber ▁Man ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁el us ive ▁running ▁style . ▁Following ▁his ▁rugby ▁league ▁career , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁Card iff , ▁and ▁he ▁changed ▁codes ▁from ▁rugby ▁league ▁to ▁rugby ▁union ▁when ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁Rum ney ▁R FC . ▁ ▁County ▁Cup ▁Final ▁appearances ▁ ▁Phil ▁Ford ▁played ▁, ▁i . e . ▁number ▁ 2 , ▁in ▁Brad ford ▁Northern ' s ▁ 1 2 - 1 2 ▁draw ▁with ▁Castle ford ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁York shire |
▁County ▁Cup ▁Final ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁season ▁at ▁He ading ley , ▁Le eds ▁on ▁Saturday ▁ 1 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁and ▁played ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 - 2 ▁victory ▁over ▁Castle ford ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁York shire ▁County ▁Cup ▁Final ▁re play ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁season ▁at ▁Ell and ▁Road , ▁Le eds ▁on ▁Saturday ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁! Gre at ▁Britain ▁Statistics ▁at ▁eng land rl . co . uk ▁( stat istics ▁currently ▁missing ▁due ▁to ▁not ▁having ▁appeared ▁for ▁both ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁and ▁England ) ▁( arch ived ▁by ▁web . archive . org ) ▁Cro oks ▁in ▁trouble ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : B rad ford ▁Bull s ▁players ▁Category : Card iff ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁who ▁switched ▁code ▁Category : Gre at ▁Britain ▁national ▁rugby ▁league ▁team ▁players ▁Category : Le eds ▁Rh inos ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁cent res ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁full back s ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁players ▁from ▁Card iff ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁w ingers ▁Category : R ugby ▁union ▁players ▁from ▁Card iff ▁Category : R um ney ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : S alf ord ▁Red ▁Dev ils ▁players ▁Category |
: W ales ▁national ▁rugby ▁league ▁team ▁players ▁Category : W arr ington ▁Wol ves ▁players ▁Category : Wel sh ▁rugby ▁league ▁players ▁Category : Wel sh ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : W igan ▁War riors ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Les lie ▁" Les " ▁Mass ie ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁footballer , ▁who ▁played ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁games ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁for ▁Hud ders field ▁Town . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Mass ie ▁and ▁ex - H ud ders field ▁player ▁John ▁C odd ington ▁signed ▁for ▁D rog h eda ▁United ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁League ▁of ▁Ireland ▁debut ▁on ▁ 4 ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁at ▁L our des ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁on ▁Hud ders field ' s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁fans ' ▁favour ites ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁inside ▁for wards ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : H ud ders field ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : D ar ling ton ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : H al if ax ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B rad ford ▁( P ark ▁Avenue ) ▁A . F . C |
. ▁players ▁Category : Work ington ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B anks ▁O ' ▁De e ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : D rog h eda ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Le ague ▁of ▁Ireland ▁players ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Aber de en ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁L eng w il ▁railway ▁station ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁L eng w il , ▁in ▁the ▁Swiss ▁canton ▁of ▁Th urg au . ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁intermediate ▁stop ▁on ▁the ▁Wil – K re uz lingen ▁line ▁and ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁local ▁trains ▁only . ▁ ▁Services ▁ ▁L eng w il ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁the ▁S 1 4 ▁of ▁the ▁St . ▁G allen ▁S - B ahn : ▁▁ ▁: ▁half - hour ly ▁service ▁from ▁We inf el den ▁to ▁Konst anz . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁canton ▁of ▁Th urg au ▁Category : Sw iss ▁Federal ▁Rail ways ▁stations <0x0A> </s> ▁To o ▁Much ▁Harm ony ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁American ▁black - and - white ▁pre - Code ▁musical ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁A . ▁Edward ▁S uther land ▁and ▁st arring ▁B ing ▁C ros by , ▁Jack ▁Oak ie , ▁Richard ▁" S ke ets " ▁Gall ag her , ▁Harry ▁Green , ▁and ▁Jud ith ▁Allen . ▁It |
▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Param ount ▁Pictures . ▁ ▁Plot ▁A ▁back stage ▁musical ▁about ▁a ▁Broadway ▁star , ▁Edd ie ▁Br ons on , ▁who ▁is ▁str and ed ▁with ▁his ▁plane ▁in ▁Ohio ▁where ▁he ▁disco vers ▁a ▁small - time ▁variety ▁act , ▁D ixon ▁and ▁Day ▁and ▁their ▁assistant ▁Ruth ▁who ▁is ▁also ▁Ben ▁Day ' s ▁f ian c ée . ▁When ▁he ▁returns ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁following ▁a ▁try - out ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁show , ▁Br ons on ▁arr anges ▁for ▁the ▁ir as cible ▁producer , ▁Max ▁Mer lin , ▁to ▁put ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁show ▁and ▁the ▁story ▁develop s ▁around ▁the ▁mut ual ▁interest ▁which ▁grows ▁between ▁Edd ie ▁and ▁Ruth . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁party ▁Br ons on ▁s ings ▁' The ▁Day ▁You ▁C ame ▁Al ong ' ▁and ▁his ▁own ▁f ian c ée , ▁Luc ille , ▁is ▁je alous ▁of ▁his ▁att ent ions ▁to ▁Ruth . ▁Re he ars als ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁disappoint ing ▁but ▁Edd ie ▁encourag es ▁Ruth ▁and ▁they ▁sing ▁' Thanks '. ▁Ben ▁dec ides ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁Ruth ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁can ▁marry ▁Edd ie ▁but ▁Luc ille ▁will ▁not ▁release ▁Edd ie . ▁Ben , ▁with ▁Johnny ' s ▁help , ▁mas quer ades ▁as ▁a ▁to b acco ▁million aire , ▁Charles ▁W . ▁Be aum ont ▁Jr ., ▁and ▁pret ends ▁to ▁be ▁inf atu ated ▁with ▁Luc ille ▁who , ▁in ▁her ▁enthus ias m |
▁to ▁obtain ▁a ▁million aire ▁husband , ▁ab and ons ▁Edd ie ▁and ▁tells ▁him ▁she ▁is ▁breaking ▁the ▁eng agement ▁which , ▁of ▁course , ▁has ▁the ▁desired ▁effect ▁of ▁leaving ▁him ▁free ▁to ▁marry ▁Ruth . ▁ ▁The ▁opening ▁night ▁is ▁a ▁huge ▁success ; ▁the ▁show ▁includes ▁a ▁spect ac ular ▁production ▁number , ▁' Black ▁Moon light ', ▁s ung ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leading ▁ladies ▁standing ▁on ▁a ▁bridge ▁while ▁d anc ers ▁perform ▁on ▁a ▁huge ▁d rap ed ▁drum . ▁Other ▁featured ▁numbers ▁are ▁D ixon ▁and ▁Day ' s ▁' The ▁Kelly ' s ▁and ▁the ▁C ohen ' s ', ▁' C rad le ▁Me ▁with ▁a ▁' H och a ' ▁L ull aby ', ▁' B oo - bo o - bo o ' ▁and ▁the ▁finale ▁' B uck in ' ▁the ▁ ▁Wind '. ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁' I ▁Gu ess ▁It ▁Had ▁To ▁Be ▁That ▁Way ' ▁was ▁omitted ▁from ▁the ▁released ▁print ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁and ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁also ▁wrote ▁' Two ▁Arist ocr ats ' ▁for ▁this ▁film ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁used . ▁▁ ▁K itt y ▁Kelly ▁is ▁seen ▁singing ▁' Black ▁Moon light ' ▁but ▁the ▁dub bed ▁voice ▁was ▁actually ▁that ▁of ▁Barbara ▁Van ▁Br unt . ▁Although ▁C ros by ▁did ▁not ▁sing ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁and ▁it ▁may ▁not ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁most ▁t une ful ▁of ▁songs , ▁his ▁commercial ▁recording ▁is ▁a |
▁prime ▁example ▁of ▁his ▁singing ▁and ▁style ▁at ▁that ▁period . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁as ▁Edd ie ▁Br ons on ▁Jack ▁Oak ie ▁as ▁Ben ny ▁Day ▁Richard ▁" S ke ets " ▁Gall ag her ▁as ▁Johnny ▁D ixon ▁Harry ▁Green ▁as ▁Max ▁Mer lin ▁Jud ith ▁Allen ▁as ▁Ruth ▁Brown ▁L ily an ▁T ash man ▁as ▁Luc ille ▁Wat kins ▁Ned ▁S par ks ▁as ▁Lem ▁Sp awn ▁K itt y ▁Kelly ▁as ▁P ats y ▁D ug an ▁Grace ▁Brad ley ▁as ▁Ver ne ▁La ▁Mond ▁ ▁Ev ely n ▁Oak ie ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Day ▁( as ▁Mrs . ▁Ev ely n ▁Off ield ▁Oak ie ) ▁Henry ▁Ar met ta ▁as ▁Mr . ▁Gall otti ▁Billy ▁Be van ▁as ▁Stage ▁Director ▁D ell ▁Hend erson ▁as ▁Theatre ▁Manager ▁Cy ril ▁Ring ▁as ▁Ass istant ▁Director ▁Anna ▁Dem et rio ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Gall otti ▁Sh ir ley ▁Grey ▁as ▁L ily an ▁L ona ▁Andre ▁as ▁Show g irl ▁V erna ▁Hill ie ▁as ▁Show g irl ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁" Black ▁Moon light " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁K itt y ▁Kelly ▁( d ub bed ▁by ▁Barbara ▁Van ▁Br unt ) ▁ ▁" Thanks " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁Jud ith ▁Allen ; ▁repr ised ▁by ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁ ▁" M ing le ▁with ▁the ▁Ho y ▁Pal |
loy " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁Jack ▁Oak ie ▁and ▁Richard ▁' S ke ets ' ▁Gall ag her ▁ ▁" The ▁Day ▁You ▁C ame ▁Al ong " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁ ▁" B oo - bo o - bo o " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁and ▁ch orus ▁ ▁" C rad le ▁Me ▁with ▁a ▁Hot cha ▁L ull aby " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁and ▁dan ced ▁by ▁Grace ▁Brad ley ▁ ▁" I ▁Gu ess ▁It ▁Had ▁to ▁Be ▁That ▁Way " ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁( om itted ▁from ▁released ▁print ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Kelly s ▁and ▁the ▁C oh ens " ▁S ung ▁by ▁Jack ▁Oak ie ▁and ▁Richard ▁" S ke ets " ▁Gall ag her ▁ ▁" B uck in ' ▁the ▁Wind " ' W ritten ▁by ▁Arthur ▁John ston ▁and ▁Sam ▁Cos low ▁S ung ▁by ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁ ▁C ros by ▁recorded ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁for ▁Brun sw ick ▁Records ▁and ▁" Thanks " ▁and ▁" The ▁Day ▁You ▁C ame ▁Al ong " ▁reached ▁the ▁charts ▁of ▁the ▁day ▁pe aking ▁at ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁respectively . |
▁ ▁Re ception ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Param ount ' s ▁biggest ▁hits ▁of ▁the ▁year . The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁was ▁guard ed ▁in ▁its ▁reaction . ▁" The ▁film ▁be ars ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁To o ▁Much ▁Harm ony ▁and ▁those ▁who ▁are ▁partial ▁to ▁cro oning ▁will ▁find ▁plenty ▁of ▁it ▁in ▁this ▁production ... E ven ▁persons ▁who ▁delight ▁in ▁Mr . ▁C ros by ’ s ▁peculiar ▁ball ads ▁may ▁be ▁somewhat ▁disappoint ed ▁in ▁his ▁attempts ▁to ▁register ▁adm iration ▁and ▁affection , ▁for , ▁although ▁he ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁sing ers ▁in ▁his ▁line , ▁his ▁acting ▁is ▁often ▁apt ▁to ▁make ▁one ▁une asy ." ▁Vari ety ' s ▁review ▁was ▁mixed : ▁" Pre tty ▁weak ▁on ▁the ▁story ▁end , ▁but ▁there ’ s ▁enough ▁incident al ▁matter ▁to ▁carry ▁this ▁one ▁through . ▁It ’ s ▁a ▁musical ▁with ▁acc ent ▁on ▁the ▁music ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁and ▁cast ▁should ▁bring ▁it ▁pleasant ▁returns ▁all ▁over … ▁Between ▁B ing ▁C ros by ▁and ▁Jack ▁Oak ie , ▁the ▁literary ▁def ic ien cies ▁are ▁modified . ▁C ros by ▁for ▁the ▁singing ▁and ▁Oak ie ▁for ▁the ▁comedy ; ▁a ▁strong ▁com bo . ▁. ▁. ▁At ▁least ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁several ▁songs ▁should ▁make ▁the ▁best - s eller ▁grade ▁in ▁the ▁compet ent ▁hands ▁of ▁C ros by . ▁His ▁singing ▁ability ▁he ▁always ▁had , ▁but ▁C ros by ▁now ▁has ▁also ▁found ▁himself |
▁in ▁the ▁tr oup ing ▁department . ▁It ▁makes ▁him ▁a ▁cin ch ." ▁The ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Even ing ▁Her ald ▁Express '' ▁liked ▁C ros by ' s ▁singing , ▁saying ▁" In ▁this , ▁as ▁in ▁other ▁films , ▁the ▁C ros by ▁voice ▁records ▁as ▁if ▁micro ph ones ▁were ▁invent ed ▁for ▁it . ▁B ing ▁has ▁definite ▁person ality ▁besides , ▁and ▁he ▁grows ▁stead ily ▁more ▁at ▁ease ▁in ▁his ▁acting ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 3 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 s ▁musical ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films ▁Category : American ▁musical ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁musical ▁theatre ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁A . ▁Edward ▁S uther land ▁Category : Fil ms ▁made ▁before ▁the ▁MP AA ▁Production ▁Code ▁Category : Param ount ▁Pictures ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁with ▁screen plays ▁by ▁Joseph ▁L . ▁M ank iew icz <0x0A> </s> ▁Cob un ▁Creek ▁is ▁a ▁stream ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁West ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁Cob un ▁Creek ▁der ives ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁Jonathan ▁Cob urn , ▁an ▁ 1 8 th - century ▁pione er . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Mon ong alia ▁County , ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁West ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁Nick le berry ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in |
▁Cass ▁County , ▁Texas . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁as ▁a ▁so - called ▁" color ed ▁community " ▁for ▁African - Amer icans . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Cass ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁fant asy / action ▁sh ō jo ▁m anga ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁A ya ▁K anno . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁it ▁is ▁published ▁by ▁Tok y op op . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Ren ji ▁is ▁a ▁ro gue ▁ang el ▁who ▁seems ▁to ▁know ▁only ▁how ▁to ▁fight . ▁ ▁God ▁ban ishes ▁Ren ji ▁to ▁earth ▁for ▁his ▁reck less ness . ▁ ▁He ▁can ▁only ▁return ▁on ▁one ▁condition ▁- ▁if ▁he ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁save ▁ten ▁thousand ▁human ▁sou ls . ▁ ▁God ▁sends ▁an ▁el ite ▁ang el , ▁K ait o , ▁to ▁watch ▁over ▁him ▁and ▁help ▁him ▁with ▁his ▁mission . ▁Ren ji ' s ▁ab ilities ▁are ▁d amp ened ▁before ▁his ▁mission ▁because ▁his ▁power ▁would ▁be ▁too ▁pot ent ▁for ▁earth . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁save ▁the ▁ten ▁thousand ▁sou ls , ▁God ▁has ▁granted ▁Ren ji ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁Soul ▁Res cue . ▁ ▁This ▁power ▁enables ▁him ▁to ▁rel ieve ▁sou ls ▁of ▁emot ional ▁damage ▁and ▁he al ▁physical ▁damage . ▁ ▁The ▁power ▁of ▁Soul ▁Res cue ▁lies ▁hidden ▁somewhere ▁within ▁Ren ji , ▁and ▁he ▁must ▁find ▁it ▁in ▁order ▁to |
▁use ▁it . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁Ren ji ▁The ▁main ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁m anga . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁" the ▁S word ▁of ▁God " ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁reck less ▁nature ▁in ▁battle ▁- ▁causing ▁extensive ▁damage ▁to ▁surrounding ▁structures , ▁end ang ering ▁his ▁fellow ▁men , ▁and ▁dis ob ey ing ▁orders . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁ban ished ▁from ▁heaven ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁behaviour ▁and ▁must ▁save ▁ten ▁thousand ▁humans ▁using ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁Soul ▁Res cue , ▁while ▁sometimes ▁f ending ▁off ▁dev ils ▁that ▁try ▁to ▁cause ▁trouble . ▁ ▁K ait o ▁An ▁el ite ▁ang el , ▁" the ▁E ye ▁of ▁God ," ▁who ▁is ▁instruct ed ▁to ▁guide ▁Ren ji ▁on ▁his ▁mission , ▁and ▁to ▁make ▁sure ▁he ▁doesn ' t ▁cause ▁too ▁much ▁trouble . ▁ ▁Because ▁of ▁his ▁black ▁hair ▁and ▁dark ▁eyes ▁( norm ally ▁attributes ▁of ▁only ▁dev ils ▁- ▁ang els ▁are ▁usually ▁created ▁with ▁light ▁hair ▁and ▁light ▁eyes ), ▁other ▁ang els ▁would ▁look ▁down ▁on ▁him , ▁which ▁pushed ▁him ▁to ▁work ▁harder ▁to ▁ear n ▁respect . ▁ ▁Princess ▁Sh al ala ▁A ▁young ▁girl ▁who ▁is ▁an ▁he ir ▁to ▁the ▁throne ▁in ▁the ▁kingdom ▁where ▁she ▁lives . ▁ ▁Under ▁normal ▁circumstances , ▁her ▁older ▁sister ▁would ▁be ▁he ir ▁to ▁the ▁throne , ▁but ▁she ▁falls ▁ill ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁and ▁it ▁seems ▁that ▁she ▁won ' t ▁live . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁mess ▁is ▁clean ed ▁up , |
▁Sh al ala ▁leaves ▁the ▁kingdom ▁to ▁go ▁out ▁and ▁see ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁to ▁become ▁stronger ▁like ▁Ren ji . ▁Later ▁on ▁she ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁Ren ji . ▁ ▁Vin ny ▁and ▁To i ▁Two ▁dev ils ▁that ▁Ren ji ▁and ▁K ait o ▁end ▁up ▁fighting ▁on ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁occasion . ▁ ▁Their ▁goal ▁is ▁to ▁drag ▁sou ls ▁to ▁hell , ▁where ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁tor ment ed ▁and ▁ens la ved ▁until ▁they ▁with er ▁away ▁or ▁become ▁dev ils . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁On ▁An ime ▁News ▁Network , ▁Case y ▁B ri enza ▁gave ▁volume ▁ 1 ▁an ▁overall ▁grade ▁of ▁C + . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Action ▁an ime ▁and ▁m anga ▁Category : A ya ▁K anno ▁Category : F ant asy ▁an ime ▁and ▁m anga ▁Category : H ak us ens ha ▁m anga ▁Category : Sh ō jo ▁m anga ▁Category : T ok y op op ▁titles <0x0A> </s> ▁X J ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Mes aba ▁Airlines ▁( I ATA ▁air line ▁code ▁X J ) ▁ ▁Th ai ▁Air As ia ▁X ▁( I ATA ▁air line ▁code ▁X J ) ▁ ▁J agu ar ▁X J , ▁a ▁car ▁series ▁made ▁by ▁J agu ar ▁ ▁X J ▁Music , ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁instrument ▁for ▁ambient ▁music ▁production ▁ ▁Je ep ▁Ch ero kee ▁( X J ), ▁an ▁internal ▁vehicle ▁code ▁used ▁by ▁Je ep ▁ ▁Yam aha |
▁X J 6 5 0 ▁Maxim , ▁a ▁motor cycle ▁series ▁made ▁by ▁Yam aha ▁ ▁X in ji ang , ▁a ▁autonom ous ▁region ▁of ▁China ▁( Gu ob iao ▁abbre viation ▁X J ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Adolf ▁Jos zt ▁( born ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁in ▁L viv ▁- ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁in ▁Gli w ice ) ▁was ▁a ▁Polish ▁chem ist , ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁significant ▁prec ursor ▁to ▁the ▁practices ▁of ▁bi ote chn ology ▁and ▁environmental ▁protection . ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁L viv ▁Category : Pol ish ▁chem ists ▁Category : L viv ▁Poly techn ic ▁al umn i ▁Category : L viv ▁Poly techn ic ▁rect ors <0x0A> </s> ▁Franklin ▁F oster ▁F ry ▁( 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁− ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Luther an ▁minister . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Carl is le , ▁Pennsylvania ▁on ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 6 4 ; ▁his ▁mother ▁was ▁El iza ▁Jane ▁W att les , ▁and ▁his ▁father , ▁Jacob , ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Luther an ▁minister . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁Reading ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Reading , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Mu hlen berg ▁College ▁and ▁Mount y ▁Air y ▁Luther an ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁He ▁was ▁ord ained ▁in ▁ 1 8 |
8 8 , ▁and ▁married ▁his ▁wife , ▁Minn ie ▁C . ▁Mc Ke own , ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁minister ▁at ▁Grace ▁Luther an ▁Church , ▁Beth le hem , ▁Pennsylvania ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁and ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁Ro chester . ▁ ▁Dr . ▁F ry ▁was ▁involved ▁with ▁the ▁organization ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁of ▁America ▁( UL CA ), ▁from ▁its ▁in ception ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Luther an ▁Syn od ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁for ▁a ▁time , ▁and ▁also ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Ro chester ▁Federation ▁of ▁Church es . ▁From ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁until ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁death ▁he ▁was ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁American ▁Miss ions ▁of ▁the ▁U L CA . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁His ▁children ▁included ▁Franklin ▁C . ▁F ry , ▁also ▁a ▁prominent ▁Luther an . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 3 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁Luther an ▁cler gy <0x0A> </s> ▁Ham id ▁al – D in ▁Ab u ’ l – Has an ▁A hm ad ▁b . ▁‘ Ab dal lah ▁al – K ir man i ▁( fl our ished ▁ 9 9 6 |
– 1 0 2 1 ▁CE ) ▁was ▁an ▁Is ma ' ili ▁scholar . ▁He ▁was ▁of ▁Pers ian ▁origin ▁and ▁was ▁probably ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Kir man . ▁He ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁spent ▁the ▁greater ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁as ▁a ▁F at im id ▁da ' i ▁( mission ary ) ▁in ▁Bag hd ad ▁and ▁Bas ra . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁the olog ian ▁and ▁phil os opher ▁who ▁rose ▁to ▁prom in ence ▁during ▁the ▁F at im id ▁cal i ph - im am ▁al - H ak im ▁bi ▁Am r ▁Al lah ▁( r . ▁ 9 9 6 – 1 0 2 1 ). ▁ ▁A ▁prominent ▁Is mail i ▁da ’ i ▁or ▁mission ary , ▁he ▁was ▁considered ▁by ▁the ▁central ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁F at im id ▁da ’ wa ▁in ▁C airo ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁learned ▁Is mail i ▁the olog ians ▁and ▁philosoph ers ▁of ▁the ▁F at im id ▁period . ▁It ▁was ▁in ▁that ▁capacity ▁that ▁al - K ir man i ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁ref uting ▁the ▁extrem ist ▁ideas ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁diss ident ▁da ' is , ▁who ▁by ▁proc laim ing ▁al - H ak im ' s ▁div inity ▁had ▁initi ated ▁the ▁Dru ze ▁movement . ▁Al - K ir man i ▁was ▁sum mon ed ▁in ▁ 1 0 1 4 ▁or ▁shortly ▁earlier ▁to ▁C airo ▁where ▁he ▁produced ▁several ▁works ▁to |
▁disc laim ▁these ▁extrem ist ▁do ctr ines . ▁ ▁Al - K ir man i ' s ▁writ ings , ▁which ▁were ▁widely ▁circul ated , ▁were ▁to ▁some ▁extent ▁successful ▁in ▁checking ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁the ▁extrem ist ▁do ctr ines . ▁ ▁Works ▁Of ▁his ▁cor pus ▁of ▁nearly ▁thirty ▁works , ▁only ▁eigh teen ▁seem ▁to ▁have ▁surv ived . ▁His ▁major ▁philosoph ical ▁treat ise , ▁the ▁Rah at ▁al - a ql ▁( Pe ace ▁of ▁Mind ), ▁was ▁finished ▁in ▁ 1 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁work , ▁Al - K ir man i ▁intended ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁reader ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁understand ▁how ▁to ▁obtain ▁the ▁et ernal ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁mind , ▁the ▁parad ise ▁of ▁reason , ▁in ▁a ▁constantly ▁changing ▁world . ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁his ▁prominent ▁works ▁are : ▁ ▁Rah at ▁al - ‘ a ql ▁( Pe ace ▁of ▁Mind , ▁or ▁Com fort ▁of ▁Re ason ), ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 0 2 0 ▁and ▁considered ▁his ▁mag num ▁op us ▁ ▁Al - A q wal ▁al - dh ah abi ya , ▁ref uting ▁al - R azi ' s ▁argument ▁against ▁the ▁necessity ▁of ▁revel ation ▁ ▁Kit ab ▁al - ri y ad , ▁a ▁book ▁that ▁prop ounds ▁the ▁early ▁Is ma ' ili ▁cosm ology . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ham id ▁al - D in ▁al - K ir man |
i ▁at ▁the ▁Internet ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁ ▁Category : 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 0 2 1 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 1 th - century ▁Muslim ▁sch ol ars ▁of ▁Islam ▁Category : I sl am ic ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : 1 1 th - century ▁writers ▁Category : 1 0 th - century ▁Iran ian ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁K erman ▁Province ▁Category : 1 1 th - century ▁people ▁of ▁the ▁F at im id ▁C ali ph ate <0x0A> </s> ▁SM ▁U - 4 5 ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 2 9 ▁sub mar ines ▁serving ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁German ▁Navy ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁ ▁U - 4 5 ▁was ▁engaged ▁in ▁the ▁naval ▁war fare ▁and ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁Atlantic . ▁ ▁U - 4 5 ▁was ▁tor ped o ed ▁and ▁s unk ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean ▁north west ▁of ▁the ▁Sh et land ▁Islands ▁() ▁by ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁sub marine ▁ ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁with ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁ 4 3 ▁of ▁her ▁ 4 5 ▁crew men . ▁ ▁Sum mary ▁of ▁ra iding ▁history ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Category : World ▁War ▁I ▁sub mar ines ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : 1 9 1 4 ▁ships ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁Dan zig ▁Category : U - bo ats ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 1 5 ▁Category : Mar itime ▁inc idents ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁Category : U - bo ats ▁s unk ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁Category : U - bo ats ▁s unk ▁by ▁British ▁sub mar ines ▁Category : Type ▁U ▁ 4 3 ▁sub mar ines ▁Category : World ▁War ▁I ▁ship w re cks ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Alexander ▁Hard ing ▁( M arch ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁to ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁influ ential ▁leader ▁in ▁the ▁Church es ▁of ▁Christ . ▁ ▁Several ▁schools ▁are ▁named ▁after ▁Hard ing : ▁Hard ing ▁University ▁in ▁S ear cy , ▁AR , ▁Hard ing ▁Academy ▁( S ear cy , ▁Ark ansas ), ▁Hard ing ▁Academy ▁( M emph is ), ▁and ▁Hard ing ▁School ▁of ▁The ology ▁in ▁M emph is . ▁ ▁Hard ing ▁helped ▁David ▁Li ps comb , ▁another ▁leader ▁in ▁the ▁Church es ▁of ▁Christ , ▁begin ▁Nash ville ▁Bible ▁School ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Li ps comb ▁University ▁in ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee . ▁Hard ing ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁school , ▁serving ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 1 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁James ▁A . ▁Hard ing ▁at ▁The ▁Rest oration ▁Mov ement ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Rest oration ▁Mov ement ▁Category : |
Min ister s ▁of ▁the ▁Church es ▁of ▁Christ ▁Category : L ips comb ▁University ▁pres idents ▁Category : American ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Church es ▁of ▁Christ ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Reading ▁Bor ough ▁Council ▁election ' s ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 3 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁to ▁elect ▁members ▁of ▁Reading ▁Bor ough ▁Council . ▁There ▁were ▁three ▁cas ual ▁vac an cies ▁in ▁Kent wood , ▁K ates gro ve ▁and ▁Church ▁w ards ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁early ▁ret irement ▁of ▁Coun c ill ors . ▁The ▁Labour ▁Party ▁held ▁on ▁to ▁control ▁of ▁Reading ▁Bor ough ▁Council ▁seeing ▁their ▁vote ▁increase ▁in ▁seats ▁across ▁the ▁Reading ▁East ▁constitu ency ▁but ▁suffering ▁set back s ▁in ▁the ▁marg inal ▁seat ▁of ▁Kent wood ▁where ▁The ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁gained ▁a ▁seat . ▁The ▁Conserv atives ▁also ▁succeeded ▁in ▁gain ing ▁T ile h urst ▁w ard ▁from ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democr ats , ▁reducing ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democr ats ▁to ▁one ▁remaining ▁Coun c ill or . ▁The ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁other ▁local ▁elections . ▁ ▁E lection ▁result ▁ ▁Ward ▁results ▁ ▁Ab bey ▁ ▁Battle ▁ ▁Ca ver sh am ▁ ▁Church ▁ ▁K ates gro ve ▁ ▁Kent wood ▁ ▁Min ster ▁ ▁Nor cot ▁ ▁Park ▁ ▁Pe pp ard ▁ ▁Red lands ▁ ▁South c ote ▁ ▁Th ames ▁ ▁T ile h urst ▁ ▁Wh itle y ▁ |
▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁English ▁local ▁elections ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁in ▁Ber k shire <0x0A> </s> ▁Christopher ▁K aj oro ▁Ch iza ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁T anz an ian ▁CC M ▁politician ▁and ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Bu y ung u ▁constitu ency ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁current ▁Minister ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Food ▁and ▁Cooper atives ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T anz an ian ▁engine ers ▁Category : Ch ama ▁Cha ▁Map indu zi ▁MP s ▁Category : T anz an ian ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 5 ▁Category : T anz an ian ▁Minister s ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁Category : K ig oma ▁Second ary ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : P ug u ▁Second ary ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Dar ▁es ▁S ala am ▁al umn i ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁South am pton <0x0A> </s> ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁ ▁or ▁Mont c lare ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Places ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁▁ ▁Mont c lare , ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois , ▁a ▁neighborhood ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁near ▁El m wood ▁Park ▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁( Met ra ), ▁a ▁train ▁station ▁serving ▁the |
▁Chicago ▁neighborhood ▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Mont gom ery ▁County ▁ ▁The ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁estate ▁that ▁gave ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁village ▁its ▁current ▁name ▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁Bridge , ▁a ▁bridge ▁connecting ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁village ▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁Station , ▁the ▁former ▁village ▁rail ▁road ▁station ▁Mont ▁Cla re , ▁South ▁Carolina , ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Dar ling ton ▁County ▁ ▁Ireland ▁▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁Hotel , ▁M err ion ▁Square , ▁Dublin , ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Other ▁▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁( album ), ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁album ▁from ▁Tod d ▁Martin , ▁a ▁music ian ▁originally ▁from ▁Mont ▁Cla re , ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁Mont ▁Cla re ▁line ▁of ▁st ain less ▁steel ▁flat ware ▁from ▁Water ford ▁Wed g wood ▁ ▁, ▁a ▁Canadian ▁Pacific ▁Ste am ships ▁ship ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁for ▁passenger ▁service , ▁pressed ▁into ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁for ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Mont cla ir ▁( disambiguation ), ▁the ▁French ▁sp elling ▁ ▁Mont clar ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Mount ▁Cla re ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Cla ire mont ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Cla irm ont ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Cla rem ont ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Cl erm ont ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁USA - 1 5 1 , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁G PS ▁II R - 5 , ▁G PS ▁SV N - 4 4 , ▁and ▁Nav star - 4 8 ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁navigation ▁satellite |
▁which ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Global ▁Position ing ▁System . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁Block ▁II R ▁G PS ▁satellite ▁to ▁be ▁launched , ▁out ▁of ▁th ir teen ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁configuration , ▁and ▁twenty ▁one ▁overall . ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁Lock he ed ▁Martin , ▁using ▁the ▁AS - 4 0 0 0 ▁satellite ▁bus . ▁ ▁USA - 1 5 1 ▁was ▁launched ▁at ▁ 0 9 : 1 7 : 0 0 ▁UTC ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁at op ▁a ▁D elta ▁II ▁car rier ▁ro cket , ▁flight ▁number ▁D 2 7 9 , ▁flying ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 9 2 5 - 9 . 5 ▁configuration . ▁The ▁launch ▁took ▁place ▁from ▁Space ▁La unch ▁Complex ▁ 1 7 A ▁at ▁the ▁Cape ▁C ana ver al ▁Air ▁Force ▁Station , ▁and ▁placed ▁USA - 1 5 1 ▁into ▁a ▁transfer ▁orbit . ▁The ▁satellite ▁raised ▁itself ▁into ▁medium ▁Earth ▁orbit ▁using ▁a ▁Star - 3 7 FM ▁ap og ee ▁motor . ▁ ▁By ▁ 2 7 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁USA - 1 5 1 ▁was ▁in ▁an ▁orbit ▁with ▁a ▁per ige e ▁of ▁, ▁an ▁ap og ee ▁of ▁, ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁ 7 2 2 . 9 8 ▁minutes , ▁and ▁ 5 5 ▁degrees ▁of ▁incl ination ▁to ▁the ▁equ ator . ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁broadcast ▁the ▁PR N ▁ 2 8 ▁signal , ▁and ▁oper ates ▁in |
▁slot ▁ 3 ▁of ▁plane ▁B ▁of ▁the ▁G PS ▁const ell ation , ▁having ▁originally ▁been ▁operated ▁in ▁slot ▁ 5 . ▁The ▁satellite ▁has ▁a ▁mass ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁a ▁design ▁life ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁years . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁it ▁remains ▁in ▁service . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : G PS ▁sat ell ites ▁Category : USA ▁sat ell ites <0x0A> </s> ▁Br in - J on athan ▁Butler ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁fre el ance ▁journalist , ▁Amazon ▁inter v iewer , ▁and ▁award - win ning ▁document ary ▁film maker . ▁His ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁The ▁Class ical , ▁The ▁R ump us , ▁Har per ' s , ▁The ▁Daily ▁Be ast , ▁Vice , ▁ESP N ▁The ▁Magazine , ▁The ▁Paris ▁Review , ▁The ▁H uff ington ▁Post ▁and ▁Sal on . com . ▁His ▁book ▁A ▁Cub an ▁Box er ' s ▁J our ney ▁was ▁published ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁Dom ino ▁Di aries ▁was ▁be ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Butler ▁has ▁a ▁forth coming ▁document ary ▁film , ▁Split - Dec ision , ▁exam ining ▁Cub an - American ▁relations . ▁ ▁Butler ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Box ing ▁Writ ers ▁Association ▁of ▁America ▁and ▁P EN ▁America . ▁ ▁Butler ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Trans n ational ▁Box |
ing ▁Rank ings ▁Board , ▁a ▁respect ed ▁international ▁box ing ▁rank ings ▁organization ▁that ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁A ▁Cub an ▁Box er ' s ▁J our ney : ▁Gu ill ermo ▁R ig onde aux , ▁from ▁Castro ' s ▁Tra itor ▁to ▁American ▁Champion , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Pic ador : ▁a ▁bi ography ▁on ▁Gu ill ermo ▁R ig onde aux ▁ ▁The ▁Dom ino ▁Di aries : ▁My ▁Dec ade ▁Box ing ▁with ▁Olympic ▁Champions ▁and ▁Ch asing ▁Hem ing way ' s ▁Ghost ▁in ▁the ▁Last ▁Days ▁of ▁Castro ' s ▁Cuba , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Pic ador : ▁a ▁mem oir ▁of ▁time ▁in ▁Cuba ▁living ▁and ▁training ▁with ▁Olympic ▁box ing ▁coach es . ▁The ▁Dom ino ▁Di aries ▁was ▁on ▁The ▁Boston ▁Glo be ' s ▁list ▁of ▁Best ▁Books ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁was ▁short list ed ▁for ▁the ▁P EN / ES PN ▁Award ▁for ▁Liter ary ▁Sports ▁Writing ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁Grand master : ▁Magn us ▁Car ls en ▁and ▁the ▁Match ▁That ▁Made ▁Ch ess ▁Great ▁Again , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Simon ▁& ▁Sch uster ▁ ▁Kind le ▁Singles ▁▁ ▁Er rol ▁Morris : ▁The ▁Kind le ▁Singles ▁Inter view , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁▁ ▁Mike ▁T ys on : ▁The ▁Kind le ▁Singles ▁Inter view , ▁ 2 0 |
1 4 ▁ ▁Articles ▁▁ ▁ESP N ▁▁ ▁What ▁More ▁Could ▁Have ▁Ang ulo ▁Given ▁Us ? ▁▁ ▁D ona ire - R ig onde aux ▁Full ▁of ▁Prom ises ▁▁ ▁This ▁Way ▁Out : ▁Inside ▁the ▁High ▁Pac ed ▁Under ground ▁Econom y ▁of ▁Sm ugg ling ▁Champion ▁Box ers ▁▁ ▁D ona ire - R ig onde aux ▁Full ▁of ▁Promise ▁▁ ▁Sal on ▁▁ ▁S par ring ▁with ▁Mike ▁T ys on ▁▁ ▁The ▁Way ▁We ▁Left ▁Cuba ▁▁ ▁Cuba ' s ▁F org ot ten ▁Champ ▁▁ ▁S B N ation ▁▁ ▁Re qu iem ▁for ▁a ▁Wel ter weight ▁▁ ▁Training ▁Pam per ed ▁Mother f uck ers : ▁Eric ▁Kelly ▁School s ▁the ▁ 1 % ▁▁ ▁Gold ▁in ▁the ▁M ud ▁▁ ▁Hero ' s ▁for ▁S ale : ▁The ▁Ag ony ▁of ▁the ▁Cub an ▁Ath lete ▁▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Fall : ▁ 2 5 ▁Years ▁after ▁Mike ▁T ys on ▁lost ▁to ▁B uster ▁Douglas , ▁why ▁do ▁we ▁still ▁have ▁sympathy ▁for ▁the ▁devil ? ▁▁ ▁" May we ather ▁vs ▁Pac quia o : ▁The ▁Po ison ▁O asis " ▁▁ ▁Vice ▁▁ ▁The ▁Hor ror s ▁of ▁St ay ing ▁in ▁Touch ▁on ▁Facebook ▁▁ ▁Al j aze era ▁▁ ▁H urr icane ▁Carter ' s ▁Ob itu ary ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Split ▁Dec ision : ▁The ▁Gu ill ermo ▁R ig onde aux ▁Story ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁R op es : ▁Fred die ▁Ro ach ▁ ▁Ali |
▁vs ▁Stevens on : ▁The ▁Great est ▁Fight ▁That ▁Never ▁Was ▁▁▁ ▁Category : American ▁document ary ▁film ▁direct ors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁Einzel haft ▁( Sol it ary ▁Con fin ement ▁or ▁In car cer ated !) ▁( 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁debut ▁ ▁album ▁by ▁Aust rian ▁singer ▁Fal co . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁Austria , ▁Germany , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Japan , ▁Spain , ▁Italy , ▁Canada , ▁Sweden ▁and ▁Finland . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁achieved ▁some ▁success ▁with ▁its ▁flags hip ▁single , ▁" Der ▁Komm iss ar ", ▁an ▁innov ative ▁and ▁influ ential ▁German - language ▁rap ▁song . ▁An ▁English ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁by ▁After ▁the ▁Fire ▁was ▁a ▁hit ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁A ▁prom ot ional ▁single , ▁" A uf ▁der ▁Fl ucht ▁( On ▁the ▁Run )", ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁France . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁the ▁single , ▁" M as ch ine ▁B ren nt ▁/ ▁On ▁the ▁Run ", ▁hit ▁No . ▁ 9 ▁on ▁US ▁Club ▁Play ▁Singles . ▁ ▁Other ▁songs ▁on ▁Einzel haft ▁are ▁heavily ▁inde bt ed ▁to ▁the ▁" Ber lin ▁Tr il ogy " ▁of ▁David ▁B owie : ▁" N ie ▁mehr ▁Schule " ▁bor rows ▁its ▁music ▁from ▁B owie ' s ▁instrument al ▁track ▁from ▁Low ▁called |
▁" Speed ▁of ▁Life ", ▁whereas ▁" Hel den ▁von ▁heute " ▁is ▁a ▁transparent ▁rewrite ▁of ▁B owie ' s ▁song , ▁" H ero es ". ▁ ▁Background ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Fal co , ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁band ▁Dra h di w ab er l , ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁for ▁three ▁solo - album s ▁produced ▁by ▁Robert ▁P ong er ▁and ▁managed ▁by ▁Mark us ▁Sp iegel . ▁The ▁first ▁single ▁was ▁" That ▁Sc ene ▁( G anz ▁Wien )", ▁which ▁reached ▁No . ▁ 1 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁radio ▁chart ▁Ö 3 - H it par ade . ▁The ▁German ▁version , ▁which ▁is ▁more ▁popular , ▁is ▁called ▁" G anz ▁Wien ". ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁not ▁noticed ▁in ▁other ▁countries . ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁Fal co ▁and ▁P ong er ▁started ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁album , ▁and ▁already ▁had ▁a ▁mel ody ▁for ▁Der ▁Komm iss ar . ▁Origin ally ▁Rein hold ▁Bil ger i ▁was ▁to ▁have ▁s ung ▁that ▁song ▁but ▁he ▁decl ined . ▁Im pressed ▁by ▁the ▁mel ody , ▁Fal co ▁chose ▁to ▁include ▁it ▁in ▁his ▁debut ▁album . ▁Within ▁three ▁days ▁Fal co ▁wrote ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁to ▁the ▁accomp any ing ▁rh ythm . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁the ▁second ▁single ▁" Der ▁Komm iss ar " ▁b / w ▁" Hel den ▁von ▁heute " ▁was ▁released . ▁It |
▁reached ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁charts ▁in ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 ▁countries . ▁In ▁the ▁American ▁Dis co ▁charts ▁the ▁song ▁also ▁reached ▁No . ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁To ▁promote ▁his ▁album ▁Fal co ▁also ▁released ▁" M as ch ine ▁b ren nt ", ▁" A uf ▁der ▁Fl ucht " ▁and ▁" Z uv iel ▁Hit ze ". ▁ ▁Re - release ▁( 2 5 th ▁anni versary ▁edition ) ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁digit ally ▁rem aster ed ▁and ▁released ▁by ▁Fal co ' s ▁former ▁produ cers ▁and ▁man agers . ▁In ▁Austria ▁and ▁Germany ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁in ▁other ▁European ▁countries ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁ ▁All ▁songs ▁written ▁by ▁Fal co / P ong er , ▁except ▁where ▁noted . ▁" Z uv iel ▁Hit ze " ▁( To o ▁Much ▁He at ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 1 ▁" Der ▁Komm iss ar " ▁( The ▁Commission er ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 1 ▁" S ieb ze hn ▁Jahr " ▁( Se vent een ▁Years ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 4 ▁" A uf ▁der ▁Fl ucht " ▁( lo os ely ▁" On ▁the ▁Run ") ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 3 ▁" G anz ▁Wien " ▁– ▁( All ▁of ▁Vienna ) ▁ 5 : 0 6 ▁( F al |
co ) ▁" M as ch ine ▁b ren nt " ▁( Engine ▁Burn ing ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 6 ▁" H inter ▁uns ▁die ▁Sint fl ut " ▁( After ▁Us , ▁the ▁Del uge ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 1 6 ▁" N ie ▁mehr ▁Schule " ▁( No ▁More ▁School ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 6 ▁" Hel den ▁von ▁heute " ▁( H ero es ▁of ▁Today ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 7 ▁( F al co ) ▁" E in zel haft " ▁– ▁( Sol it ary ▁Con fin ement ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 1 ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁disc ▁two ▁( 2 0 0 7 ▁anni versary ▁release ▁only ) ▁ ▁" N ie ▁Me hr ▁Schule ▁( An ni versary ▁Mix ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 3 ▁" That ▁Sc ene ▁( G anz ▁Wien ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 5 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 1 ▁" Aus ▁Hans ▁H öl zel ▁W ird ▁Fal co " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 9 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 2 ▁" Die ▁Er sten ▁ 3 ▁Al ben " ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 9 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 3 ▁" Er folg ▁Und ▁Seine ▁Kon sequ en zen |
" ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 7 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 4 ▁" Ze it ge ist " ▁– ▁ 5 : 2 8 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 5 ▁" West en , ▁Osten , ▁Norden , ▁Süden " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 0 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 6 ▁" S uche ▁Nach ▁Der ▁W ahr heit " ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 5 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 7 ▁" K on zent r ation ▁Der ▁Kr ä fte " ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 2 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 8 ▁" K unst ▁Und ▁Ver ant wort ung " ▁– ▁ 2 : 2 6 ▁" Inter view ▁Johann ▁H öl zel ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Kap itel ▁ 9 ▁" Z uk unft auss ichten " ▁– ▁ 5 : 0 3 ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁pe aked ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁in ▁Austria , ▁No . ▁ 1 9 ▁in ▁Germany ▁and ▁No . ▁ 4 5 ▁Sweden ▁and ▁No . ▁ 6 4 ▁of ▁the ▁US ▁Billboard ▁Ch arts . ▁ ▁Album ▁ ▁Singles ▁▁ ▁* # 9 ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁Hot ▁Play ▁ |
▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : F al co ▁( mus ician ) ▁albums ▁Category : A & M ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : G erman - language ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Paul ▁Mark ▁Gold b art ▁( born ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁in ▁Bar net , ▁H ert ford shire , ▁England ) ▁is ▁a ▁phys ic ist ▁and ▁author , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Institute ▁for ▁Cond ensed ▁M atter ▁Theory ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Illinois ▁at ▁U rb ana – Ch amp aign . ▁His ▁research ▁ranges ▁widely ▁over ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁cond ensed ▁matter ▁physics , ▁including ▁soft ▁matter , ▁dis ordered ▁systems , ▁n anos cience ▁and ▁super con duct ivity . ▁Gold b art ▁is ▁currently ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Natural ▁Sciences ▁at ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Texas ▁at ▁Austin . ▁He ▁previously ▁served ▁as ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Sciences ▁at ▁the ▁Georgia ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁and , ▁prior ▁to ▁that ▁as ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Institute ▁for ▁Cond ensed ▁M atter ▁Theory . ▁ ▁Career ▁Gold b art ▁earned ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁at ▁Imperial ▁College ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁under ▁Professor ▁David ▁Sh err ington . ▁Gold b art ▁is ▁a ▁trust ee ▁of ▁and ▁the ▁former ▁Tre as urer ▁for ▁the ▁Asp en ▁Center ▁for ▁Physics ▁in ▁Colorado . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁Physics ▁and ▁the ▁American ▁Phys ical ▁Society . ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁M |
. ▁Stone , ▁P . ▁Gold b art , ▁" Math emat ics ▁for ▁Physics : ▁A ▁gu ided ▁Tour ▁for ▁Gr adu ate ▁Stud ents " ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁P . ▁Gold b art , ▁N . ▁Golden feld , ▁D . ▁Sh err ington , ▁" Ste aling ▁the ▁Gold : ▁A ▁C ele br ation ▁of ▁the ▁P ione ering ▁Physics ▁of ▁Sam ▁Edwards ▁( Intern ational ▁Series ▁of ▁Mon ograph s ▁on ▁Physics )" ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁USA ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ch ipping ▁Bar net ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Texas ▁at ▁Austin ▁people ▁Category : English ▁phys ic ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁phys ic ists ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Imperial ▁College ▁London ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Phys ical ▁Society <0x0A> </s> ▁Pen field ▁ 3 ▁railway ▁station ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁Pen field ▁line ▁ ▁from ▁Ad ela ide ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁Ad ela ide ▁sub urb ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁called ▁Edinburgh . ▁Its ▁remains ▁are ▁located ▁opposite ▁the ▁eastern ▁entrance ▁to ▁RA AF ▁Base ▁Edinburgh ▁between ▁East ▁and ▁West ▁Aven ues , ▁south ▁of ▁Tar an aki ▁Road . ▁ ▁It ▁closed ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁Pen field ▁line |
▁was ▁closed ▁and ▁dis m ant led ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁The ▁station ▁sign ▁and ▁most ▁seats , ▁the ▁track ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁platform ▁are ▁now ▁gone . ▁The ▁det ior ating ▁can opy ▁and ▁the ▁er oding ▁remains ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁platform , ▁surrounded ▁by ▁trees , ▁were ▁still ▁there ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Pen field ▁ 3 ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁station ▁remaining ▁from ▁the ▁line ▁— ▁Hil ra ▁was ▁demol ished ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁and ▁Pen field ▁ 1 ▁and ▁Pen field ▁ 2 ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁Pen field ▁ 3 ▁is ▁still ▁accessible ▁from ▁Tar ank i ▁Road , ▁al beit ▁behind ▁a ▁ 1 2 0 0 mm ▁f ence ▁designed ▁to ▁keep ▁sheep ▁off ▁the ▁surrounding ▁roads . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Dis used ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁South ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁in let ▁of ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁C az ones ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁coast ▁of ▁Cuba . ▁By ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁Province , ▁and ▁then ▁instead ▁to ▁Las ▁Vill as ▁Province ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁re ass igned ▁to ▁Mat anz as ▁Province , ▁when ▁the ▁original ▁six ▁provinces ▁of ▁Cuba ▁were ▁re - organ ized ▁into ▁ 1 4 ▁new ▁Provin |
ces ▁of ▁Cuba . ▁ ▁The ▁bay ▁is ▁histor ically ▁important ▁for ▁the ▁failed ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs ▁In vas ion ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 1 . ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁a ▁site ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁div ing , ▁with ▁an ▁abund ance ▁of ▁marine ▁fa una , ▁e . g . ▁ 3 0 ▁species ▁of ▁sp ong es ▁belonging ▁to ▁ 1 9 ▁families ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁gener a , ▁to ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁bay . ▁ ▁Et ym ology ▁ ▁In ▁Cub an ▁Spanish , ▁co ch inos ▁may ▁also ▁mean ▁the ▁queen ▁trigger fish ▁( Bal istes ▁v et ula ), ▁which ▁inhab it ▁cor al ▁re ef s ▁in ▁Bah ía ▁de ▁C och inos , ▁not ▁sw ine ▁( S us ▁sc ro fa ). ▁ ▁Geography ▁▁ ▁This ▁bay ▁is ▁approximately ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Jag ü ey ▁Grande , ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁C ien fu egos , ▁and ▁ ▁sout heast ▁from ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁Hav ana . ▁On ▁the ▁western ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁bay , ▁cor al ▁re ef s ▁border ▁the ▁main ▁Z ap ata ▁Sw amp , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Z ap ata ▁Pen ins ula . ▁On ▁the ▁eastern ▁side , ▁be aches ▁border ▁marg ins ▁of ▁firm ▁ground ▁with ▁mang ro ves ▁and ▁extensive ▁areas ▁of ▁sw am pl and ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁east . ▁At ▁the ▁north ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁bay , ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Bu ena ▁Vent ura ▁is ▁adjacent ▁to ▁Play a |
▁L arga ▁( Long ▁Beach ). ▁ ▁sout heast ▁of ▁that , ▁Play a ▁Gir ón ▁( G ir on ▁Beach ) ▁at ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Gir ón , ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁not orious ▁French ▁pir ate ▁Gil berto ▁Gir on ▁( c . ▁ 1 6 0 4 ). ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁Play a ▁Gir ón ▁and ▁Play a ▁L arga ▁were ▁the ▁landing ▁sites ▁for ▁se abor ne ▁forces ▁of ▁armed ▁Cub an ▁ex iles ▁in ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs ▁In vas ion , ▁an ▁American ▁C IA - sp ons ored ▁attempt ▁to ▁over throw ▁the ▁new ▁government ▁of ▁Cub an ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁F idel ▁Castro ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 1 . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁F idel ▁Castro ' s ▁former ▁body guard , ▁the ▁late ▁Juan ▁Re inal do ▁S ánchez , ▁Castro ▁lived ▁in ▁great ▁lux ury ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁private ▁island ▁called ▁C ay o ▁P ied ra ▁in ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs , ▁re ple te ▁with ▁" mans ions , ▁guest ▁houses , ▁a ▁hel i port , ▁dol ph in arium , ▁t urt le ▁l ago on , ▁his ▁lux ury ▁y acht ▁Aqu ar ama ▁– ▁a ▁gift ▁from ▁Leon id ▁Bre zh ne v ▁– ▁and ▁deep - se a ▁fish ing ▁speed bo at ". ▁ ▁D iving ▁▁ ▁The ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs ▁is ▁a ▁relatively ▁quiet ▁site ▁for ▁div ing . ▁D ive ▁cent ers ▁exist ▁in ▁Play a ▁L arga , ▁Play a |
▁Gir ón ▁and ▁C ale ta ▁Bu ena . ▁Tw elve ▁d ive ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁bay ▁display ▁excellent ▁visibility ▁of ▁, ▁an ▁average ▁water ▁temperature ▁of ▁ ▁in ▁December ▁and ▁ ▁in ▁July . ▁W alls ▁of ▁cor al , ▁ca ver ns ▁and ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁fish ▁( including ▁the ▁bar rac uda , ▁l ion fish ▁and ▁group ers , ▁among ▁others ), ▁cor al ▁and ▁sp ong es ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs . ▁ ▁The ▁C ue va ▁de ▁los ▁P ec es , ▁with ▁ ▁depth ▁the ▁deep est ▁c en ote ▁of ▁Cuba , ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Play a ▁L arga . ▁ ▁B iod iversity ▁ ▁S urr ounding ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs , ▁the ▁en demic ▁w orm l iz ards ▁Am ph is ba ena ▁bar b ouri ▁and ▁A . ▁cub ana ▁have ▁been ▁noted . ▁The ▁following ▁marine ▁species ▁have ▁been ▁registered ▁along ▁the ▁eastern ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Geography ▁of ▁Cuba ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Wy den , ▁Peter . ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Bay ▁of ▁P igs ▁– ▁The ▁U nt old ▁Story . ▁Simon ▁and ▁Sch uster . ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Mat anz as ▁Province ▁P igs ▁Category : Under water ▁div ing ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁Car ib bean <0x0A> </s> ▁Steve ▁Pitt |
man ▁( J uly ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁in ▁Wilson , ▁North ▁Carolina ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁American ▁s occer ▁def ender ▁who ▁spent ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁le agues . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁profession ally ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁with ▁Major ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League , ▁American ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁League ▁and ▁Major ▁League ▁Soccer . ▁He ▁earned ▁three ▁caps ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁national ▁s occer ▁team ▁and ▁currently ▁man ages ▁Bro x burn ▁Athlet ic . ▁ ▁Player ▁ ▁Professional ▁While ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Pitt man ▁moved ▁with ▁his ▁mother ▁to ▁Scotland ▁after ▁his ▁parents ▁divor ced ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁two ▁years ▁old . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish - American ▁dual - cit izen . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁Bro x burn ▁Athlet ic ▁as ▁a ▁youth ▁player . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁he ▁began ▁his ▁professional ▁career ▁with ▁East ▁F ife ▁F . C . ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Sh rew s bury ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁Pitt man ▁had ▁an ▁un success ful ▁trial ▁with ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Force ▁of ▁Major ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Pitt man ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale ▁St rik ers ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁both ▁a ▁first ▁team ▁All ▁Star ▁and |
▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁the ▁Year . ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁W ich ita ▁W ings ▁of ▁the ▁Major ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁St rik ers . ▁The ▁team ▁released ▁him ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁after ▁an ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁yellow ▁and ▁red ▁cards ▁kept ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁seven ▁games ▁during ▁the ▁season . ▁After ▁being ▁e ject ed ▁in ▁a ▁late ▁season ▁game , ▁Pitt man ▁entered ▁the ▁stands ▁to ▁ch ase ▁a ▁spect ator ▁leading ▁to ▁league ▁officials ▁susp ending ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁games ▁of ▁the ▁play ▁off s . ▁He ▁then ▁rejo ined ▁the ▁W ich ita ▁W ings ▁for ▁the ▁up coming ▁M IS L ▁season . ▁Despite ▁being ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁St rik ers ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁the ▁team ▁re - signed ▁Pitt man ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁When ▁the ▁A PS L ▁season ▁ended ▁in ▁August , ▁the ▁St rik ers ▁loan ed ▁Pitt man ▁D und ee ▁F . C .. ▁When ▁Pitt man ' s ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁St rik ers ▁ran ▁out , ▁he ▁then ▁signed ▁with ▁D und ee ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁agent . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Part ick ▁Th ist le ▁F . C . ▁Wh ilst |
▁at ▁Part ick ▁Th ist le , ▁where ▁Pitt man ▁enjoyed ▁arg u ably ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁period ▁of ▁his ▁career , ▁he ▁became ▁somewhat ▁of ▁a ▁cult ▁hero ▁after ▁regularly ▁performing ▁his ▁" Mar ine ▁Drive " ▁free - k ick . ▁After ▁l ining ▁up ▁a ▁direct ▁free - k ick , ▁Pitt man ▁would ▁stand ▁on ▁one ▁foot ▁and ▁offer ▁up ▁a ▁military ▁style ▁sal ute ▁to ▁the ▁Th ist le ▁fans , ▁before ▁un le ash ing ▁a ▁shot ▁towards ▁goal . ▁He ▁only ▁managed ▁to ▁score ▁once ▁in ▁this ▁fashion , ▁in ▁a ▁closed - door ▁friendly ▁match ▁against ▁Ber wick ▁R angers . ▁His ▁career ▁with ▁Part ick ▁ended ▁when ▁he ▁accum ulated ▁three ▁red ▁cards ▁in ▁quick ▁succession ▁after ▁confront ing ▁ref ere es ▁following ▁an ▁end ▁of ▁season ▁match . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁an ▁eight - game ▁ban . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁T ampa ▁Bay ▁Mut iny ▁of ▁Major ▁League ▁Soccer . ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁he ▁scored ▁the ▁winning ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁East ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁All - Star ▁Game . ▁He ▁also ▁tou red ▁China ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁player ▁for ▁San ▁Jose ▁Cl ash ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁On ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁the ▁Mut iny ▁trad ed ▁Pitt man ▁to ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁W iz ards ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁Alan ▁Pr amp in ▁and ▁the ▁W iz |
ards ' ▁third ▁round ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁M LS ▁Supp lement al ▁D raft . ▁The ▁W iz ards ▁wa ived ▁him ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁and ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Scotland ▁where ▁he ▁joined ▁C ly de bank ▁F . C . ▁ ▁At ▁some ▁point ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁St en h ous emu ir ▁F . C . ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁three ▁games ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 1 ▁season . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁Lin l ith gow ▁Rose ▁F . C . ▁ ▁He ▁finished ▁his ▁career ▁at ▁P um pher ston ▁F . C . ▁ ▁National ▁team ▁He ▁earned ▁his ▁first ▁cap ▁for ▁U . S . ▁national ▁team ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁victory ▁over ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁Pitt man ▁started ▁the ▁game , ▁then ▁came ▁off ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 5 th ▁minute ▁for ▁T roy ▁Day ak . ▁His ▁second ▁game ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁loss ▁to ▁Sweden ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁He ▁earned ▁his ▁last ▁cap ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁when ▁the ▁U . S . ▁lost ▁to ▁China . ▁Pitt man ▁began ▁the ▁game , ▁but ▁came ▁off ▁for ▁Ram iro ▁Cor |
ral es ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 0 th ▁minute . ▁ ▁Manager ▁Pitt man ▁has ▁managed ▁P um pher ston ▁F . C .. ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Pitt man ▁was ▁named ▁new ▁manager ▁of ▁Scottish ▁Junior ▁Club ▁Bro x burn ▁Athlet ic . ▁Bro x burn ▁Athlet ic ▁secured ▁the ▁league ▁championship ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁at ▁the ▁hel m . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁M IS L ▁stats ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : American ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁League ▁players ▁Category : C ly de bank ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : D und ee ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : E ast ▁F ife ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : F ort ▁La ud erd ale ▁St rik ers ▁( 1 9 8 8 – 1 9 9 4 ) ▁players ▁Category : S port ing ▁Kansas ▁City ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League ▁( 1 9 7 8 – 1 9 9 2 ) ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Soccer ▁players ▁Category : Part ick ▁Th ist le ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Sh rew s bury ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : S ten h ous emu ir ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : T ampa ▁Bay ▁Mut iny ▁players ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁men ' s ▁international |
▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : W ich ita ▁W ings ▁( M IS L ) ▁players ▁Category : W y com be ▁W ander ers ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Lin l ith gow ▁Rose ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ers ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Soccer ▁All - St ars ▁Category : Bro x burn ▁Athlet ic ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁CON C AC AF ▁Gold ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁s occer ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Inc un ab ula ▁Short ▁Title ▁Catalogue ▁( IST C ) ▁is ▁an ▁electronic ▁bibli ographic ▁database ▁maintained ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁Library ▁which ▁see ks ▁to ▁catalog ue ▁all ▁known ▁inc un ab ula . ▁The ▁database ▁lists ▁books ▁by ▁individual ▁ed itions , ▁recording ▁standard ▁bibli ographic ▁details ▁for ▁each ▁edition ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁giving ▁a ▁brief ▁census ▁of ▁known ▁copies , ▁organ ised ▁by ▁location . ▁It ▁currently ▁holds ▁records ▁of ▁over ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ed itions . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁efforts ▁to ▁compreh ens ively ▁catalog ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁printing ▁include ▁Georg ▁Wolfgang ▁Pan zer ' s ▁Ann ales ▁Typ ograph ici |
▁ab ▁Art is ▁In vent ae ▁Orig ine ▁ad ▁An num ▁MD ▁( 1 7 9 3 – 9 7 ) ▁and ▁Ludwig ▁H ain ' s ▁Re per tor ium ▁Bibli ographic um ▁( 1 8 2 2 ). ▁ ▁H ain ' s ▁work ▁was ▁later ▁supp lement ed ▁by ▁Cop inger ' s ▁Supp lement ▁and ▁Reich ling ' s ▁Append ices , ▁which ▁would ▁p ave ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁the ▁Ges amt k atalog ▁der ▁W ieg end ru cke ▁( 1 9 2 5 ). ▁ ▁The ▁Ges amt k atalog ▁der ▁W ieg end ru cke ▁( G W ) ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁compreh ensive ▁catalog ▁of ▁inc un ables ▁to ▁date ▁( and ▁still ▁offers ▁more ▁in - depth ▁information ▁than ▁I ST C ), ▁but ▁in ▁recent ▁dec ades ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁catalog ▁has ▁slow ed ▁to ▁such ▁a ▁degree ▁that ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁catalog ing ▁all ▁ext ant ▁inc un ables ▁under ▁the ▁G W ''' s ▁system ▁is ▁in def initely ▁far - off . ▁ ▁The ▁I ST C ▁was ▁created ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁inc un able ▁catalog ing ▁that ▁was ▁simple ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁expanded ▁quickly , ▁bringing ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁a ▁complete ▁inc un able ▁catalog ▁back ▁into ▁focus . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁I ST C ▁would ▁use ▁standard ized ▁entries ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁entered ▁into ▁a ▁machine - search able ▁database . ▁ ▁Work ▁on ▁the ▁I ST C ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁under |
▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Library ' s ▁L otte ▁H elling a . ▁Frederick ▁R . ▁G off ' s ▁Inc un ab ula ▁in ▁American ▁L ibr aries ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁pre - ex isting ▁catalog ▁to ▁be ▁key ed ▁into ▁I ST C ' s ▁database . ▁Besides ▁providing ▁the ▁catalog ' s ▁first ▁ 1 2 , 9 0 0 ▁entries , ▁G off ' s ▁system ▁for ▁class ifying ▁information ▁about ▁inc un ables ▁formed ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁the ▁structure ▁of ▁I ST C ' s ▁records . ▁Ent ries ▁for ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁inc un ables ▁in ▁British ▁Library ▁and ▁the ▁Italian ▁union ▁catalog ▁( IG I ) ▁were ▁added ▁next , ▁followed ▁by ▁other ▁national ▁inc un able ▁catalog s . ▁▁ ▁Records ▁ ▁I ST C ▁records ▁retain ▁many ▁characteristics ▁of ▁the ▁records ▁from ▁G off ' s ▁census . ▁Each ▁record ▁represents ▁one ▁edition ▁of ▁a ▁work . ▁ ▁Information ▁such ▁as ▁author , ▁title , ▁printer , ▁place ▁of ▁printing , ▁year ▁of ▁printing , ▁language , ▁and ▁format ▁is ▁entered ▁into ▁discrete ▁fields ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁records ▁search able ▁by ▁a ▁computer . ▁Catalogue ▁entries ▁are ▁reduced ▁to ▁a ▁standard ▁form , ▁for ▁ease ▁of ▁indexing ▁and ▁access , ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁standard ▁names ▁for ▁authors ▁and ▁printer s — a ▁major ▁issue ▁in ▁an ▁era ▁where ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁Latin ised ▁names ▁and ▁vern ac ular ▁ones ▁inter change ably ▁was ▁common — |
and ▁contemporary ▁English ▁names ▁for ▁places . ▁D ates ▁are ▁reduced ▁to ▁conventional ▁years ▁where ▁possible . ▁▁ ▁S cope ▁and ▁coverage ▁▁ ▁The ▁I ST C ▁has ▁recorded ▁ 2 9 , 7 7 7 ▁ed itions ▁to ▁date , ▁although ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁records ▁included ▁in ▁that ▁number ▁are ▁actually ▁ 1 6 th - century ▁works ▁that ▁were ▁included ▁in ▁previous ▁inc un able ▁catalog s ▁in ▁error , ▁so ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁true ▁inc un ab ula ▁recorded ▁is ▁ 2 7 , 4 6 0 . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁ext ant ▁inc un ab ula ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁approximately ▁ 2 8 , 0 0 0 ▁ed itions , ▁which ▁puts ▁I ST C ▁extra ordin arily ▁close ▁to ▁comple ting ▁its ▁goal ▁of ▁total ▁coverage . ▁ ▁Document ing ▁these ▁last ▁few ▁hundred ▁ed itions ▁is ▁a ▁trem end ous ▁undert aking , ▁as ▁the ▁works ▁are ▁scattered ▁in ▁unknown ▁locations ▁in ▁many ▁countries , ▁leaving ▁bibli ograph ers ▁with ▁no ▁organized ▁way ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁them ▁except ▁to ▁" look ▁everywhere ". ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁I ST C ▁is ▁un sur pass ed ▁in ▁coverage , ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁offer ▁the ▁same ▁level ▁of ▁detail ▁as ▁the ▁Ges amt k atalog ▁der ▁W ieg end ru cke '' ▁or ▁the ▁numerous ▁collection ▁catalog s ▁that ▁are ▁available . ▁R ather , ▁the ▁I ST C ▁comple ments ▁these ▁resources ▁by ▁providing ▁a ▁search able ▁index ▁of ▁ed itions , ▁referring ▁to ▁other ▁catalog s ▁and |
▁bibli ograph ies ▁for ▁further ▁detail . ▁I ST C ▁does ▁not ▁include ▁information ▁about ▁individual ▁copies ▁of ▁a ▁work ▁as ▁standard , ▁though ▁a ▁brief ▁census ▁of ▁confirmed ▁locations ▁is ▁provided , ▁and ▁may ▁contain ▁brief ▁notes . ▁ ▁In ▁general , ▁the ▁I ST C ▁only ▁covers ▁ext ant ▁ed itions , ▁although ▁records ▁exist ▁for ▁some ▁works ▁that ▁were ▁sufficiently ▁well - document ed ▁before ▁being ▁lost ▁to ▁fire ▁or ▁other ▁cal am ities . ▁ ▁An ▁illustrated ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁I ST C ▁was ▁made ▁available ▁on ▁CD - ROM ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁The ▁addition ▁of ▁illustr ations ▁offers ▁important ▁information ▁about ▁a ▁book ' s ▁layout , ▁format , ▁and ▁printing ▁type . ▁The ▁images ▁represent ▁samples ▁of ▁each ▁text ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁full ▁text . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁English ▁Short ▁Title ▁Catalogue ▁ ▁Universal ▁Short ▁Title ▁Catalogue ▁ ▁V D ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁V D ▁ 1 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Inc un ab ula ▁Short ▁Title ▁Catalogue ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Library ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Library ▁Category : B ibli ography ▁Category : In c un ab ula ▁Category : Short ▁title ▁catalog ues ▁Category : E ar ly ▁modern ▁printing ▁databases ▁Category : On line ▁databases <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 5 th ▁Ord inary ▁General ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁Syn od ▁of ▁B ish ops ▁took ▁place ▁ 3 – 2 8 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁had ▁as ▁its ▁theme ▁" |
You ng ▁People , ▁Fa ith , ▁and ▁V oc ational ▁Disc ern ment ". ▁Its ▁aim ▁was ▁to ▁" ac company ▁young ▁people ▁on ▁their ▁way ▁of ▁life ▁towards ▁m atur ity ▁so ▁that , ▁through ▁a ▁process ▁of ▁disc ern ment , ▁they ▁can ▁discover ▁their ▁life ▁project ▁and ▁realize ▁it ▁with ▁joy , ▁opening ▁the ▁encounter ▁with ▁God ▁and ▁with ▁men , ▁and ▁act ively ▁particip ating ▁in ▁the ▁building ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁and ▁society ". ▁ ▁Pre par ation ▁The ▁theme ▁was ▁chosen ▁by ▁Pope ▁Francis ▁after ▁consult ing ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Syn od ▁Council ▁chosen ▁by ▁the ▁previous ▁Ord inary ▁Assembly , ▁regional ▁and ▁national ▁b ish ops ' ▁con ferences , ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Super iors ▁Gener als , ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Catholic ▁Church es , ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁theme , ▁according ▁to ▁Francis , ▁would ▁allow ▁for ▁consideration ▁of ▁the ▁decl ine ▁in ▁priest ly ▁voc ations ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁bro ader ▁question ▁of ▁disc ern ing ▁one ' s ▁voc ation . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Pope ▁Francis ▁released ▁a ▁letter ▁that ▁invited ▁" You ng ▁People " ▁to ▁contribute ▁to ▁the ▁planning ▁of ▁the ▁Syn od . ▁He ▁wrote : ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Card inal ▁Lorenzo ▁Bal dis ser i , ▁Secretary ▁General ▁of ▁the ▁Syn od ▁of ▁B ish ops , ▁announced ▁the ▁launch ▁of ▁a ▁website ▁to ▁present ▁the ▁Syn od ' s ▁planning ▁document ▁accompanied |
▁by ▁a ▁question naire ▁in ▁English , ▁French , ▁Spanish , ▁Portuguese , ▁German , ▁and ▁Italian ▁to ▁gather ▁suggestions ▁and ▁feedback ▁on ▁it . ▁He ▁said ▁he ▁hoped ▁to ▁organ ize ▁a ▁gather ing ▁of ▁youth ▁in ▁advance ▁of ▁the ▁Syn od . ▁Its ▁ 5 3 ▁questions , ▁mostly ▁multiple ▁choice , ▁were ▁organized ▁into ▁seven ▁sections ▁and ▁target ed ▁at ▁learning ▁about ▁local ▁experiences ▁specific ▁to ▁the ▁younger ▁generation . ▁▁ ▁The ▁planning ▁document ▁said ▁that ▁its ▁working ▁definition ▁of ▁young ▁people ▁meant ▁ages ▁ 1 6 ▁to ▁ 2 9 ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁prior it izing ▁communication ▁with ▁them : ▁" In ▁past oral ▁activity , ▁young ▁people ▁are ▁not ▁objects ▁but ▁agents . ▁O ft ent imes , ▁society ▁sees ▁them ▁as ▁non ess ential ▁or ▁incon ven ient . ▁The ▁Church ▁cannot ▁reflect ▁such ▁an ▁attitude , ▁because ▁all ▁young ▁people , ▁without ▁exception , ▁have ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁be ▁gu ided ▁in ▁life ' s ▁journey ." ▁The ▁Syn od ▁planning ▁document ▁pos ed ▁another ▁set ▁of ▁questions ▁to ▁b ish ops ▁to ▁assess ▁how ▁they ▁minister ▁to ▁young ▁people ▁and ▁included ▁some ▁questions ▁target ed ▁to ▁specific ▁ge ographic ▁regions ▁and ▁asked , ▁for ▁example , ▁about ▁respond ing ▁to ▁" ext reme ▁violence " ▁or ▁working ▁in ▁a ▁society ▁that ▁is ▁" gre at ly ▁sec ular ized ." ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁July , ▁he ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁question naire ▁had ▁received ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁responses ▁and |
▁the ▁website ▁had ▁generated ▁ 1 7 3 , 0 0 0 ▁" contact s ." ▁He ▁said ▁he ▁hoped ▁to ▁reach ▁" all ▁young ▁people , ▁not ▁only ▁active ▁Catholic ▁young ▁people ." ▁In ▁September , ▁he ▁hosted ▁a ▁sem inar ▁with ▁about ▁ 2 0 ▁te en agers ▁and ▁young ▁adult s ▁to ▁hear ▁their ▁ideas ▁on ▁the ▁planned ▁Syn od . ▁The ▁participants ▁were ▁un in hib ited ▁in ▁providing ▁advice ▁about ▁topics ▁and ▁struggling ▁to ▁understand ▁what ▁the ▁Syn od ▁proposed ▁to ▁accomplish . ▁ ▁Part icip ants ▁Bal dis ser i ▁announced ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁that ▁the ▁Syn od ▁aud itors , ▁at ten de es ▁without ▁voting ▁rights , ▁would ▁be ▁young ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁selected ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁entire ▁world . ▁▁ ▁P rel ates ▁assigned ▁particular ▁roles ▁were : ▁Rel ator : ▁Card inal ▁S ér gio ▁da ▁Ro cha , ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁Brasil ia ▁ ▁Secret aries : ▁Gia como ▁Costa ▁S . J . ▁and ▁Ross ano ▁S ala ▁S . D . B ▁Pres idents : ▁Card inals ▁Louis ▁Rap ha el ▁I ▁S ako ▁( I ra q ), ▁D és ir é ▁Ts ar ah az ana ▁( Mad agas car ), ▁Charles ▁Ma ung ▁Bo ▁S DB ▁( My an mar ), ▁John ▁Rib at ▁M SC ▁( P ap ua ▁New ▁Guinea ) ▁ ▁The ▁pres idents ▁alternate ▁in ▁pres iding ▁over ▁the ▁syn od ▁assemb lies ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁Pope , |
▁making ▁assign ments ▁and ▁man aging ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁as ▁necessary . ▁ ▁Pope ▁Francis ▁appointed ▁ 2 9 ▁pre l ates ▁to ▁supp lement ▁those ▁elected ▁by ▁national ▁and ▁regional ▁epis cop al ▁con ferences . ▁ ▁Working ▁document ▁The ▁working ▁document ▁( inst rument um ▁labor is ) ▁that ▁gu ided ▁the ▁b ish ops ' ▁discuss ions ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁It ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁provide ▁an ▁over view ▁of ▁situations ▁young ▁people ▁between ▁ 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 9 ▁are ▁facing ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁It ▁was ▁developed ▁after ▁hearing ▁from ▁young ▁people ▁and ▁b ish ops ▁con ferences . ▁It ▁states ▁that ▁" You ng ▁people ▁feel ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁harm ony ▁with ▁the ▁Church " ▁and ▁" It ▁seems ▁that ▁we ▁don ’ t ▁understand ▁the ▁voc ab ul ary , ▁and ▁therefore ▁also ▁the ▁needs , ▁of ▁the ▁young ." ▁ ▁Th row away ▁culture , ▁a ▁special ▁concern ▁of ▁Pope ▁Francis , ▁was ▁discussed , ▁as ▁was ▁death , ▁cor ruption , ▁war , ▁and ▁drug - tra ff ick ing . ▁The ▁document ▁also ▁lists ▁friendship , ▁fake ▁news , ▁and ▁video ▁games ▁as ▁topics ▁along ▁with ▁migration ▁and ▁dis abilities . ▁E c umen ism ▁and ▁inter rel ig ious ▁dialog ue ▁will ▁also ▁be ▁discussed . ▁The ▁document ▁discuss es ▁the ▁challeng es ▁and ▁opportun ities ▁the ▁internet ▁presents . ▁ ▁The ▁Church ▁can ▁reach ▁young ▁people ▁through ▁social ▁media , ▁it ▁states , ▁but |
▁it ▁is ▁also ▁critical ▁of ▁video ▁games ▁and ▁they ▁way ▁they ▁" m old ▁in ▁young ▁people ▁a ▁deb atable ▁vision ▁of ▁the ▁human ▁being ▁and ▁the ▁world , ▁n our ishing ▁a ▁rel ational ▁style ▁based ▁on ▁violence ." ▁It ▁also ▁highlight s ▁many ▁of ▁their ▁positive ▁features , ▁including ▁a ▁desire ▁to ▁be ▁involved ▁in ▁civ ic ▁life , ▁protection ▁of ▁the ▁environment , ▁and ▁a ▁desire ▁to ▁root ▁out ▁cor ruption ▁and ▁disc rim ination . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Syn od ▁took ▁up ▁young ▁people ' s ▁sexual ity , ▁including ▁pre co cious ▁sexual ity , ▁sexual ▁prom is cu ity , ▁digital ▁por n ography , ▁the ▁exhibition ▁of ▁one ' s ▁body ▁online , ▁and ▁sexual ▁tour ism , ▁as ▁" ris k ▁dis fig uring ▁the ▁beauty ▁and ▁depth ▁of ▁emot ional ▁and ▁sexual ▁life ". ▁The ▁concerns ▁of ▁gay ▁youth ▁" who , ▁above ▁all , ▁want ▁to ▁remain ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁Church ," ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁concern . ▁In ▁the ▁responses ▁to ▁the ▁surve ys , ▁many ▁L B GT ▁youth ▁said ▁they ▁wish ▁to ▁" ‘ ben ef it ▁from ▁a ▁greater ▁clos eness ’ ▁and ▁experience ▁greater ▁care ▁from ▁the ▁Church ." ▁▁ ▁The ▁document ▁also ▁ins isted ▁that ▁the ▁Church ▁must ▁be ▁open ▁and ▁wel coming ▁to ▁all , ▁including ▁L GB T ▁C athol ics , ▁those ▁of ▁other ▁faith s , ▁and ▁those ▁of ▁no ▁faith ▁at ▁all . ▁ ▁Secretary ▁General ▁Lorenzo ▁Bal dis ser i ▁said ▁at ▁the |
▁release ▁of ▁the ▁instrument um ▁that ▁the ▁Church ▁is ▁making ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁eng age ▁the ▁L GB T ▁community ▁because ▁" we ▁are ▁open . ▁We ▁don ' t ▁want ▁to ▁be ▁closed ▁in ▁on ▁ourselves ." ▁The ▁working ▁document ▁also ▁acknowled ges ▁that ▁“ cont ro vers ial ▁issues ,” ▁such ▁as ▁contra ception , ▁abort ion , ▁hom osex ual ity , ▁coh ab itation , ▁and ▁marriage , ▁are ▁a ▁“ source ▁of ▁debate ▁among ▁youth , ▁both ▁inside ▁the ▁Church ▁and ▁in ▁society .” ▁▁ ▁While ▁some ▁find ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁teaching ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁" source ▁of ▁joy ," ▁those ▁who ▁differ ▁from ▁Church ▁teaching ' s ▁on ▁these ▁issues ▁" st ill ▁want ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁and ▁demand ▁more ▁clar ity ▁on ▁it ." ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁syn od ▁f athers ▁were ▁asked ▁to ▁“ con front , ▁in ▁a ▁concrete ▁way , ▁controvers ial ▁arguments ▁such ▁as ▁hom osex ual ity ▁and ▁the ▁issues ▁of ▁gender , ▁over ▁which ▁the ▁young ▁already ▁argue ▁with ▁freedom ▁and ▁with ▁no ▁tab oo .” ▁The ▁Syn od ▁will ▁also ▁discuss ▁the ▁challeng es ▁the ▁Church ▁sometimes ▁has ▁in ▁explaining ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁teaching ▁on ▁sexual ity ▁to ▁contemporary ▁society . ▁Say ing ▁that ▁" No ▁b ish ops ' ▁conference ▁offers ▁solutions ▁or ▁reci pes ", ▁the ▁document ▁says ▁that ▁" the ▁question ▁of ▁sexual ity ▁must ▁be ▁discussed ▁more ▁open ly ▁and ▁without ▁pre jud ice ." |
▁ ▁Research ▁c ited ▁in ▁the ▁document ▁shows ▁that ▁young ▁people ▁face ▁disc rim ination ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁gender , ▁social ▁class , ▁religious ▁affili ation , ▁sexual ▁orientation , ▁ge ographical ▁position , ▁dis ability , ▁or ▁eth nic ity . ▁Young ▁people ▁also ▁" report ▁the ▁pers istence ▁of ▁religious ▁disc rim ination , ▁especially ▁against ▁Christians ." ▁▁ ▁The ▁instrument um ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁surve ys ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁Church ▁that ▁is ▁" comm itted ▁to ▁justice ," ▁willing ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁women , ▁that ▁has ▁hom il ies ▁that ▁are ▁more ▁relevant ▁to ▁their ▁lives ▁and ▁their ▁disc ern ment , ▁and ▁a ▁lit ur gy ▁that ▁is ▁“ al ive ▁and ▁close ” ▁to ▁them . ▁ ▁The ▁church ▁must ▁accomp any ▁young ▁people ▁in ▁their ▁lives , ▁the ▁document ▁states , ▁as ▁education ▁and ▁evangel ization ▁are ▁an ▁“ e cc les ial ▁duty ▁and ▁a ▁right ▁of ▁each ▁young ▁person .” ▁▁▁ ▁Young ▁people ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁Church ▁can ▁often ▁seem ▁distant , ▁and ▁desire ▁a ▁Church ▁that ▁is ▁close , ▁transparent , ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁date . ▁The ▁Church ▁is ▁also ▁being ▁called ▁to ▁listen ▁to ▁youth , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁document , ▁and ▁to ▁discuss ▁difficult ▁issues . ▁ ▁The ▁working ▁document ▁stated ▁that ▁sc and als ▁in ▁the ▁Church ▁and ▁society , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁per ception ▁that ▁" many ▁times ▁the ▁Church ▁seems ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁severe ▁and ▁often ▁associated ▁to ▁an ▁excess ive ▁moral ism ," ▁are ▁causing |
▁young ▁people ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁Church . ▁The ▁document ▁acknowled ges ▁these ▁" ser ious ▁and ▁respect able ▁reasons ," ▁and ▁that ▁too ▁often ▁the ▁young ▁have ▁been ▁assigned ▁a ▁" pass ive ▁role ▁within ▁the ▁Christian ▁community ." ▁Young ▁people ▁report ▁wanting ▁a ▁more ▁active ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁church . ▁ ▁Comm itte es ▁On ▁ 3 ▁October , ▁Syn od ▁members ▁representing ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁views ▁were ▁elected ▁to ▁serve ▁on ▁the ▁Syn od ' s ▁" Information ▁Committee ", ▁which ▁controls ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁information ▁to ▁the ▁press ▁and ▁public . ▁Each ▁of ▁five ▁regions ▁held ▁its ▁own ▁election : ▁America , ▁Africa , ▁Asia , ▁Europe ▁and ▁O ce ania . ▁A ▁second ▁election ▁on ▁ 9 ▁October , ▁again ▁by ▁region , ▁chose ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁committee ▁respons ibile ▁for ▁draft ing ▁the ▁Syn od ' s ▁con cluding ▁document . ▁This ▁election , ▁again ▁by ▁region , ▁produced ▁a ▁less ▁diverse ▁group ▁more ▁att un ed ▁to ▁Francis ▁in ▁style ▁and ▁views , ▁though ▁when ▁Francis ▁made ▁three ▁additional ▁appoint ments ▁as ▁the ▁rules ▁provided ▁he ▁avoided ▁figures ▁who ▁are ▁controvers ial ▁for ▁their ▁esp ous al ▁of ▁less ▁traditional ▁views ▁and ▁instead ▁used ▁his ▁se lections ▁to ▁provide ▁other ▁kinds ▁of ▁divers ity : ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Greek ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁a ▁Cub an ▁priest , ▁and ▁a ▁junior ▁V at ican ▁official . ▁ ▁Final ▁document ▁ ▁Apost ol ic ▁ex h ort ation ▁Draw ing ▁on ▁the |
▁Syn od ' s ▁document ▁on ▁discuss ions , ▁Pope ▁Francis ▁author ed ▁an ▁apost ol ic ▁ex h ort ation , ▁Christ us ▁Viv it ▁( Christ ▁is ▁living ), ▁which ▁he ▁signed ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁document ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁ 2 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Pope ▁John ▁Paul ▁II , ▁who ▁was ▁" the ▁first ▁Pope ▁to ▁address ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁young ▁people ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁Pope ▁who ▁began ▁the ▁World ▁Youth ▁Days ". ▁The ▁V at ican ▁also ▁provided ▁a ▁summary ▁of ▁Christ us ▁Viv it ▁by ▁Andrea ▁T orn iel li . ▁ ▁Francis ▁acknowled ged ▁the ▁church ' s ▁history ▁of ▁prom oting ▁male ▁dom ination ▁and ▁cler ical ▁protection ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁who ▁committed ▁the ▁ab use ▁of ▁power , ▁the ▁ab use ▁of ▁conscience , ▁sexual ▁and ▁financial ▁ab use ▁against ▁women ▁and ▁children . ▁ ▁He ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁church ▁had ▁to ▁repair ▁its ▁reputation ▁with ▁young ▁people ▁or ▁risk ▁becoming ▁" a ▁museum ". ▁He ▁also ▁acknowled ged ▁ab uses ▁committed ▁" by ▁some ▁b ish ops , ▁pri ests , ▁religious ▁and ▁lay pers ons " ▁and ▁asked ▁young ▁people ▁to ▁hold ▁pri ests ▁account able ▁by ▁rem inding ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁v ows ▁and ▁voc ations . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Syn od ▁of ▁B ish ops ▁in ▁the ▁Catholic |
▁Church ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Syn od ▁documents ▁ ▁Category : Syn od ▁of ▁b ish ops ▁in ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁in ▁V at ican ▁City ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Catholic ism ▁Category : P ope ▁Francis <0x0A> </s> ▁" St ill ▁Valley " ▁is ▁episode ▁ 7 6 ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁television ▁anth ology ▁series ▁The ▁Tw il ight ▁Zone . ▁ ▁Open ing ▁narr ation ▁▁▁ ▁After ▁some ▁dialog ue ▁between ▁two ▁characters , ▁the ▁narr ation ▁continues : ▁ ▁Plot ▁Set ▁during ▁the ▁Civil ▁War , ▁the ▁episode ▁opens ▁with ▁two ▁Confeder ate ▁Army ▁soldiers . ▁They ▁have ▁been ▁assigned ▁to ▁sc out ▁on ▁the ▁Union ▁Army ▁that ▁is ▁march ing ▁into ▁the ▁valley ▁below . ▁Serge ant ▁Joseph ▁Parad ine ▁( G ary ▁M err ill ) ▁he ars ▁the ▁army ▁approaching , ▁but ▁suddenly ▁the ▁sound ▁stops . ▁He ▁dec ides ▁to ▁descend ▁into ▁the ▁valley ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁cause ▁for ▁himself . ▁His ▁companion ▁ref uses ▁to ▁accomp any ▁him . ▁ ▁When ▁Parad ine ▁gets ▁into ▁town , ▁he ▁finds ▁the ▁army ▁there , ▁but ▁all ▁of ▁them ▁are ▁motion less , ▁as ▁if ▁fro zen ▁in ▁time . ▁He ▁tries ▁un success fully ▁to ▁w ake ▁them . ▁Finally ▁he ▁comes ▁across ▁an ▁old ▁man ▁named ▁Te ague ▁( V aug hn ▁Taylor ), ▁who ▁is ▁una ffect ed ▁by ▁the ▁strange ▁phenomen on . ▁Te ague ▁claims ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁" |
w itch - man " ▁and ▁says ▁he ▁used ▁a ▁magic ▁spell ▁to ▁free ze ▁the ▁soldiers . ▁Parad ine ▁does ▁not ▁believe ▁him , ▁so ▁Te ague ▁cast s ▁the ▁spell ▁on ▁Parad ine , ▁free zing ▁him . ▁ ▁When ▁Te ague ▁lif ts ▁the ▁spell ▁on ▁Parad ine , ▁he ▁b rag s ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁stop ▁the ▁entire ▁Union ▁Army ▁in ▁this ▁manner , ▁ens uring ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder acy . ▁Parad ine ▁asks ▁why ▁he ▁doesn ' t , ▁and ▁Te ague ▁rep lies ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁dying . ▁He ▁gives ▁his ▁book ▁of ▁sp ells ▁to ▁Parad ine , ▁encourag ing ▁him ▁to ▁use ▁it , ▁but ▁when ▁Parad ine ▁looks ▁in ▁it , ▁he ▁real izes ▁that ▁using ▁this ▁magic ▁requires ▁one ▁to ▁align ▁himself ▁with ▁Sat an . ▁ ▁Te ague ▁dies , ▁and ▁Parad ine ▁returns ▁to ▁camp ▁to ▁tell ▁his ▁superior ▁about ▁what ▁happened . ▁The ▁superior ▁doesn ' t ▁believe ▁him ▁and ▁encourag es ▁him ▁to ▁get ▁some ▁rest . ▁When ▁another ▁sc out ▁returns ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁story , ▁the ▁superior ▁real izes ▁Parad ine ▁is ▁telling ▁the ▁truth . ▁Parad ine ▁rel ates ▁the ▁story ▁about ▁the ▁old ▁man , ▁the ▁spell ▁book , ▁and ▁making ▁a ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁devil . ▁The ▁superior ▁officer ▁dec ides ▁that ▁the ▁devil ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁one ▁who ▁can ▁help ▁them ▁win ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁encourag es ▁Parad ine ▁to ▁read ▁from ▁the ▁book . ▁ ▁Parad ine ▁disco vers ▁that |
▁using ▁the ▁book ' s ▁magic ▁requires ▁that ▁not ▁only ▁must ▁he ▁pra ise ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁Dev il , ▁but ▁he ▁must ▁ren ounce ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁God . ▁R ather ▁than ▁do ▁either , ▁Parad ine ▁throws ▁the ▁book ▁into ▁a ▁fire , ▁saying ▁that ▁if ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁is ▁to ▁die , ▁let ▁it ▁be ▁buried ▁in ▁h allowed ▁ground . ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁Parad ine ▁receives ▁orders ▁that ▁the ▁army ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁march ▁to ▁G ett ys burg . ▁ ▁Cl osing ▁narr ation ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Gary ▁M err ill ▁as ▁Serge ant ▁Joseph ▁Parad ine ▁ ▁V aug hn ▁Taylor ▁as ▁Te ague ▁ ▁Ben ▁Cooper ▁as ▁D au ger ▁ ▁Mark ▁T ap sc ott ▁as ▁Lieutenant ▁▁ ▁Jack ▁Mann as ▁as ▁Mall ory ▁ ▁E pisode ▁notes ▁In ▁the ▁original ▁story ▁the ▁spell ▁is ▁broken ▁when ▁the ▁book ▁was ▁burn ed . ▁The ▁story ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁short ▁story , ▁" The ▁Valley ▁Was ▁Still " ▁by ▁Man ly ▁W ade ▁Well man . ▁ ▁References ▁De V oe , ▁Bill . ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁T riv ia ▁from ▁The ▁Tw il ight ▁Zone . ▁Alb any , ▁G A : ▁Bear ▁Man or ▁Media . ▁ ▁Gr ams , ▁Martin . ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁The ▁Tw il ight ▁Zone : ▁Un lock ing ▁the ▁Do or ▁to ▁a ▁Television ▁Classic . ▁Church ville , ▁MD : ▁O TR ▁Publishing |
. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁American ▁television ▁episodes ▁Category : T ele vision ▁episodes ▁written ▁by ▁Rod ▁Ser ling ▁Category : The ▁Tw il ight ▁Zone ▁( 1 9 5 9 ▁TV ▁series ▁season ▁ 3 ) ▁episodes ▁Category : T ele vision ▁episodes ▁about ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁Category : T ele vision ▁episodes ▁about ▁w itch craft ▁ ▁Category : T ele vision ▁episodes ▁about ▁Sat an ism ▁Category : T ele vision ▁programs ▁based ▁on ▁short ▁fiction ▁Category : F iction ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Pom ac och a ▁District ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁nin ete en ▁districts ▁of ▁the ▁And ahu ay las ▁Province ▁in ▁Peru . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁pe aks ▁of ▁the ▁district ▁is ▁Ch h ur ku ▁R umi ▁at ▁approximately ▁. ▁Other ▁mountains ▁are ▁listed ▁below : ▁ ▁Eth nic ▁groups ▁ ▁The ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁are ▁mainly ▁ind igen ous ▁citizens ▁of ▁Que ch ua ▁descent . ▁Que ch ua ▁is ▁the ▁language ▁which ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁( 8 6 . 6 2 %) ▁lear nt ▁to ▁speak ▁in ▁child hood , ▁ 1 2 . 8 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁residents ▁started ▁speaking ▁using ▁the ▁Spanish ▁language ▁( 2 0 0 7 ▁Peru ▁Census ). ▁ ▁Arch ae ology ▁ ▁The ▁arch ae ological ▁site ▁of ▁Aw kim ark a ▁contains ▁ru ins ▁of ▁the ▁Ch anka ▁period . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : D |
istrict s ▁of ▁the ▁And ahu ay las ▁Province ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁the ▁Ap ur ím ac ▁Region <0x0A> </s> ▁E per men ia ▁or i pl anta ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁E per men i idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁John ▁David ▁Brad ley ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁U g anda . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : E per men i idae ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Africa ▁Category : L ep id optera ▁of ▁U g anda <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁slice ▁of ▁life ▁rom ance ▁sh ō jo ▁m anga ▁series ▁written ▁and ▁illustrated ▁by ▁Ch ie ko ▁H os ok awa . ▁It ▁was ▁serial ized ▁in ▁K od ans ha ' s ▁B ess ats u ▁Friend ▁m anga ▁magazine ▁and ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁five ▁volumes ▁were ▁published . ▁A ▁ 2 4 - ep is ode ▁live ▁action ▁television ▁drama ▁series ▁adaptation , ▁, ▁was ▁broadcast ▁on ▁Fu ji ▁Television ▁from ▁April ▁ 2 3 ▁to ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Vol umes ▁ 1 ▁( May ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 2 ▁( May ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 3 ▁( J uly ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 4 ▁( August ▁ 8 , |
▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 5 ▁( August ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁m anga ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁com ics ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁Japanese ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁Japanese ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : F u ji ▁Television ▁dram as ▁Category : K od ans ha ▁m anga ▁Category : M anga ▁adapted ▁into ▁television ▁series ▁Category : R om ance ▁an ime ▁and ▁m anga ▁Category : Sh ō jo ▁m anga ▁Category : S lice ▁of ▁life ▁an ime ▁and ▁m anga <0x0A> </s> ▁Princess ▁Aur ora , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁or ▁B ri ar ▁Rose , ▁is ▁a ▁fict ional ▁character ▁who ▁appears ▁in ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Produ ctions ' ▁ 1 6 th ▁animated ▁feature ▁film ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁( 1 9 5 9 ). ▁Origin ally ▁vo iced ▁by ▁singer ▁Mary ▁Costa , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁child ▁of ▁King ▁Stefan ▁and ▁Queen ▁Le ah . ▁An ▁evil ▁fair y ▁named ▁Male fic ent ▁see ks ▁reven ge ▁for ▁not ▁being ▁invited ▁to ▁Aur ora ' s ▁christ ening ▁and ▁curs es ▁the ▁new born ▁prin cess , ▁for et elling ▁that ▁she ▁will ▁die ▁before ▁the ▁sun ▁sets ▁on ▁her ▁six teenth ▁birth day ▁by ▁pr ick ing ▁her ▁finger ▁on ▁the ▁sp ind le ▁of ▁a ▁spin ning |
▁wheel . ▁Det erm ined ▁to ▁prevent ▁this , ▁three ▁good ▁f ai ries ▁raise ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁a ▁pe asant ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁protect ▁her , ▁patient ly ▁await ing ▁her ▁six teenth ▁birth day ▁— ▁the ▁day ▁the ▁spell ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁broken ▁by ▁a ▁kiss ▁from ▁her ▁true ▁love , ▁Prince ▁Phill ip . ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁prin cess ▁in ▁Charles ▁Per ra ult ' s ▁fair y ▁tale ▁" S leep ing ▁Beaut y ", ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁hero ine ▁who ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁Brothers ▁Gr imm ' s ▁ret elling ▁of ▁the ▁story , ▁" L ittle ▁B ri ar ▁Rose ". ▁For ▁several ▁years , ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁had ▁strugg led ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁suitable ▁actress ▁to ▁voice ▁the ▁prin cess ▁and ▁nearly ▁abandoned ▁film ▁entirely ▁until ▁Costa ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁composer ▁Walter ▁Sch umann . ▁However , ▁Costa ' s ▁southern ▁acc ent ▁nearly ▁cost ▁her ▁the ▁role ▁until ▁she ▁proved ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁sust ain ▁a ▁British ▁acc ent ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁film . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁the ▁film ' s ▁un pre ced ented ly ▁detailed ▁background s , ▁Aur ora ' s ▁ref ined ▁design ▁demanded ▁more ▁effort ▁than ▁had ▁ever ▁been ▁spent ▁on ▁an ▁animated ▁character ▁before , ▁with ▁the ▁anim ators ▁drawing ▁insp iration ▁from ▁Art ▁N ouve au . ▁Anim ated ▁by ▁Marc ▁Davis , ▁Aur ora ' s ▁sl ender ▁phys ique ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁actress ▁Aud rey ▁He p burn |
. ▁With ▁only ▁ 1 8 ▁lines ▁of ▁dialog ue ▁and ▁equally ▁as ▁few ▁minutes ▁of ▁screen ▁time , ▁the ▁character ▁speak s ▁less ▁than ▁any ▁speaking ▁main ▁character ▁in ▁a ▁feature - length ▁Disney ▁animated ▁film . ▁ ▁When ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁both ▁a ▁critical ▁and ▁commercial ▁failure , ▁disc ou rag ing ▁the ▁studio ▁from ▁adapt ing ▁fair y ▁tales ▁into ▁animated ▁films ▁for ▁three ▁dec ades . ▁Aur ora ▁herself ▁received ▁negative ▁reviews ▁from ▁both ▁film ▁and ▁femin ist ▁critics ▁for ▁her ▁pass ivity ▁and ▁similar ities ▁to ▁Snow ▁White , ▁and ▁would ▁remain ▁Disney ' s ▁last ▁prin cess ▁until ▁The ▁Little ▁Mer ma id ' s ▁A riel ▁deb uted ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁However , ▁Costa ' s ▁vocal ▁performance ▁was ▁pra ised , ▁which ▁inspired ▁her ▁to ▁purs ue ▁a ▁full - time ▁career ▁as ▁an ▁opera ▁singer ▁to ▁great ▁success . ▁Chron olog ically , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁Disney ▁Princess . ▁Act ress ▁Elle ▁F anning ▁port ray s ▁a ▁live - action ▁version ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁Male fic ent ▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁a ▁ret elling ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁animated ▁film ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁from ▁the ▁perspective ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁character . ▁F anning ▁returned ▁to ▁port ray ▁ 2 1 - year - old ▁Princess ▁Aur ora |
▁in ▁Male fic ent : ▁M ist ress ▁of ▁Ev il ▁( 2 0 1 9 ), ▁which ▁is ▁set ▁five ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁Development ▁ ▁Con ception ▁and ▁writing ▁Fil mm aker ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁had ▁long ▁been ▁struggling ▁to ▁adapt ▁the ▁fair y ▁tale ▁" S leep ing ▁Beaut y " ▁into ▁a ▁full - length ▁animated ▁film ▁for ▁several ▁years , ▁int ending ▁to ▁base ▁the ▁project ▁on ▁both ▁Charles ▁Per ra ult ▁and ▁the ▁Brothers ▁Gr imm ' s ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁story . ▁Disney ▁was ▁considering ▁abandon ing ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁altogether ▁until ▁singer ▁Mary ▁Costa ▁was ▁discovered , ▁the ▁casting ▁of ▁whom ▁as ▁the ▁film ' s ▁hero ine ▁finally ▁allowed ▁the ▁project ▁to ▁gradu ate ▁from ▁development ▁to ▁production . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁conce ived , ▁there ▁had ▁only ▁been ▁two ▁prior ▁Disney ▁prin cess es : ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁C inder ella , ▁the ▁hero ines ▁of ▁Disney ' s ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁the ▁Seven ▁D war fs ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁and ▁C inder ella ▁( 1 9 5 0 ), ▁respectively . ▁Disney ▁wanted ▁his ▁third ▁prin cess ▁to ▁be ▁as ▁different ▁from ▁Snow ▁White ▁as ▁possible , ▁but ▁several ▁strong ▁similar ities ▁remain ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁and ▁their ▁respective ▁stories . ▁Gary ▁Sus man ▁of ▁Mov ief one ▁observed ▁that ▁both ▁films ▁feature ▁" an ▁evil ▁w itch ▁je alous ▁of ▁a ▁young ▁and ▁beautiful ▁prin cess , ▁the ▁prin cess ▁hiding ▁out ▁in |
▁a ▁wood land ▁c ott age ▁with ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁com ic - rel ief ▁care t akers ▁... ▁and ▁the ▁w itch ▁putting ▁the ▁prin cess ▁into ▁a ▁death like ▁sleep , ▁from ▁which ▁only ▁true ▁love ' s ▁kiss ▁can ▁aw aken ▁her ." ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁original ▁fair y ▁tale , ▁the ▁prin cess ▁actually ▁sle eps ▁for ▁ 1 0 0 ▁years ▁before ▁she ▁is ▁finally ▁aw ak ened ▁by ▁the ▁prince ' s ▁kiss ; ▁this ▁detail ▁was ▁adjust ed ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁having ▁Prince ▁Phill ip ▁introduced ▁earlier , ▁and ▁thus ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁aw ak ened ▁much ▁sooner . ▁The ▁writers ▁also ▁omitted ▁several ▁dark er ▁elements ▁featured ▁in ▁earliest ▁iterations ▁of ▁the ▁" S leep ing ▁Beaut y " ▁story , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁prin cess ▁being ▁ra ped ▁and ▁im pre gn ated ▁with ▁tw ins ▁by ▁the ▁prince ▁while ▁she ▁is ▁still ▁as leep . ▁In ▁the ▁Gr imm ▁version , ▁the ▁prin cess ▁is ▁dest ined ▁to ▁pr ick ▁her ▁finger ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 5 , ▁while ▁Disney ▁decided ▁to ▁age ▁the ▁character ▁by ▁one ▁year . ▁Aur ora ' s ▁names ▁are ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁both ▁T cha ik ov sky ' s ▁bal let ▁and ▁the ▁Gr imm ▁fair y ▁tale . ▁While ▁T cha ik ov sky ▁referred ▁to ▁his ▁prin cess ▁as ▁" A ur ora ", ▁the ▁Brothers ▁Gr imm ▁had ▁named ▁her ▁" L ittle ▁B ri ar ▁Rose "; |
▁this ▁ultimately ▁inspired ▁Disney ▁to ▁use ▁both ▁names ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁the ▁latter ▁of ▁which ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁character ' s ▁alias ▁while ▁she ▁is ▁hiding ▁from ▁Male fic ent . ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁prin cess ▁in ▁whose ▁conception ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁himself ▁was ▁directly ▁involved ▁prior ▁to ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁Vo ice ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁vo iced ▁by ▁American ▁singer ▁Mary ▁Costa , ▁who ▁was ▁ 2 2 ▁years ▁old ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁the ▁character ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁Costa ▁had ▁grown ▁up ▁a ▁fan ▁of ▁Disney ▁films , ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁which ▁she ▁saw ▁was ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁the ▁Seven ▁D war fs . ▁As ▁a ▁child , ▁Costa ▁ad ored ▁the ▁film ▁so ▁much ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁im itate ▁Snow ▁White ▁by ▁par ading ▁around ▁her ▁house ▁we aring ▁a ▁bath ▁to wel ▁as ▁a ▁makes h ift ▁c ape . ▁Costa ▁described ▁herself ▁gar ner ing ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁simply ▁" be ing ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁right ▁time ." ▁The ▁film m akers ▁had ▁long ▁strugg led ▁to ▁cast ▁Aur ora , ▁having ▁been ▁searching ▁for ▁the ▁right ▁voice ▁for ▁the ▁character ▁for ▁three ▁years . ▁Disney ▁himself ▁had ▁been ▁considering ▁to ▁sh el ving ▁the ▁project ▁unless ▁a ▁suitable ▁voice ▁actress ▁was ▁found , ▁ins isting ▁that ▁the ▁same ▁perform er ▁provide ▁both ▁the ▁character ' s ▁speaking ▁and ▁singing ▁voices . ▁Costa ▁was ▁att ending ▁a ▁dinner ▁party ▁for ▁the ▁entertain ment |
▁industry , ▁to ▁which ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁invited ▁by ▁a ▁friend ▁who ▁was ▁hoping ▁to ▁introduce ▁her ▁to ▁some ▁influ ential ▁people , ▁where ▁she ▁performed ▁the ▁popular ▁standard ▁" When ▁I ▁Fall ▁in ▁Love ". ▁The ▁performance ▁was ▁heard ▁by ▁film ▁composer ▁Walter ▁Sch umann ▁who , ▁im pressed ▁by ▁her ▁vocals , ▁approached ▁Costa ▁about ▁possibly ▁vo icing ▁Aur ora ▁and ▁inv iting ▁her ▁to ▁aud ition ▁the ▁following ▁morning . ▁Despite ▁doub ting ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁be ▁cast , ▁Costa ▁agreed ▁to ▁aud ition ▁mostly ▁because ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁meet ▁W alt ▁Disney . ▁Upon ▁arriv ing ▁at ▁the ▁studio ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁composer ▁George ▁Br uns ▁wel com ed ▁Costa ▁by ▁asking ▁her ▁to ▁perform ▁a ▁bird ▁call , ▁which ▁she ▁did ▁successfully . ▁However , ▁being ▁from ▁Kno x ville , ▁Tennessee , ▁Costa ' s ▁strong ▁southern ▁acc ent ▁nearly ▁prevent ed ▁her ▁from ▁being ▁cast ▁until ▁she ▁proved ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁sust ain ▁a ▁fake ▁British ▁acc ent ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁film . ▁The ▁film m akers ▁li ken ed ▁the ▁situation ▁to ▁English ▁actress ▁Viv ien ▁Le igh ▁successfully ▁fe ign ing ▁a ▁southern ▁acc ent ▁for ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁Sc ar let ▁O ' H ara ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁G one ▁With ▁the ▁Wind ▁( 1 9 3 9 ). ▁Within ▁hours ▁of ▁her ▁aud ition , ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁himself ▁contact ed ▁Costa ▁via ▁tele phone ▁to ▁offer ▁her ▁the ▁job , ▁which ▁she ▁immediately ▁accepted . ▁Aur ora ▁became ▁Costa ' |
s ▁first ▁major ▁film ▁role . ▁ ▁Costa ▁communic ated ▁with ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁at ▁least ▁twice ▁a ▁week ▁for ▁nine ▁months , ▁but ▁almost ▁exclus ively ▁via ▁tele phone ▁because ▁the ▁producer ▁fe ared ▁that ▁her ▁person ality ▁or ▁physical ▁appearance ▁would ▁influence ▁his ▁vision ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁if ▁they ▁were ▁to ▁meet ▁in ▁person ▁too ▁soon . ▁They ▁first ▁met ▁when ▁Costa ▁was ▁recording ▁" Once ▁Upon ▁a ▁Dream ", ▁W alt ' s ▁favorite ▁song ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁When ▁Costa ▁asked ▁W alt ▁why ▁he ▁decided ▁to ▁cast ▁her ▁as ▁Aur ora ▁out ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁actress es ▁who ▁aud ition ed , ▁the ▁producer ▁explained ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁because ▁her ▁singing ▁voice ▁sound ed ▁" like ▁an ▁extension ▁of ▁speech ." ▁W alt ▁ad vised ▁Costa ▁to ▁" p aint ▁with ▁[ her ] ▁voice ", ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁refuse ▁to ▁let ▁anyone ▁demonstrate ▁her ▁lines ▁for ▁her . ▁W alt ▁also ▁instruct ed ▁Costa ▁to ▁avoid ▁catch ing ▁a ▁cold , ▁eat ▁a ▁warm ▁me al ▁two ▁hours ▁prior ▁to ▁her ▁recording ▁sessions , ▁exercise ▁her ▁vocal ▁ch ords , ▁and ▁get ▁nine ▁hours ▁of ▁sleep ▁every ▁night . ▁W alt ▁and ▁Costa ▁developed ▁a ▁special ▁father - d augh ter ▁relationship . ▁Aur ora ' s ▁super vis ing ▁anim ator ▁Marc ▁Davis ▁would ▁often ▁observe ▁and ▁sketch ▁Costa ▁while ▁she ▁worked ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁her ▁manner isms ▁into ▁the ▁character . ▁Costa ▁worked ▁closely ▁with ▁actress es ▁V erna ▁Fel ton , ▁Barbara |
▁Jo ▁Allen ▁and ▁Barbara ▁Lud dy , ▁the ▁voices ▁of ▁Flora , ▁Fa una ▁and ▁Mer ry we ather , ▁respectively , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁became ▁good ▁friends , ▁while ▁declaring ▁the ▁ut most ▁respect ▁for ▁actress ▁Ele an or ▁Aud ley , ▁voice ▁of ▁Male fic ent . ▁She ▁also ▁recorded ▁with ▁actor ▁Bill ▁Sh ir ley , ▁voice ▁of ▁Prince ▁Phill ip , ▁adm itting ▁to ▁having ▁had ▁a ▁cr ush ▁on ▁him . ▁Costa ▁c ites ▁the ▁scene ▁in ▁which ▁Aur ora ▁and ▁Phill ip ▁meet ▁as ▁her ▁favorite . ▁Sch umann , ▁the ▁composer ▁responsible ▁for ▁discover ing ▁Costa , ▁eventually ▁depart ed ▁the ▁project ▁due ▁to ▁cre ative ▁differences ▁with ▁Disney , ▁and ▁ultimately ▁died ▁before ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁completed . ▁ ▁Costa ' s ▁singing ▁voice ▁is ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁classical ▁and ▁pop ▁singing . ▁Aur ora ' s ▁songs ▁were ▁recorded ▁within ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁production . ▁Costa ▁would ▁practice ▁her ▁songs ▁live ▁with ▁the ▁or chestra ▁before ▁recording ▁them . ▁After ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁for ▁three ▁years , ▁Costa ▁finally ▁finished ▁recording ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁long ▁before ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁completed ; ▁it ▁would ▁take ▁the ▁anim ators ▁another ▁several ▁years ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁foot age ▁to ▁accomp any ▁Costa ' s ▁vocals ▁and ▁dialog ue . ▁Costa ▁would ▁often ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁studio ▁to ▁re - record ▁lines ▁as ▁the ▁story ▁changed ▁and ▁evol ved , ▁which ▁she ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁" p ain st aking " ▁process |
. ▁However , ▁with ▁only ▁ 1 8 ▁spoken ▁lines , ▁Aur ora ▁speak s ▁less ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁main ▁character ▁in ▁a ▁full - length ▁Disney ▁animated ▁feature ▁– ▁aside ▁from ▁Dum bo , ▁who ▁is ▁completely ▁silent ▁– ▁and ▁has ▁absolutely ▁no ▁dialog ue ▁once ▁she ▁is ▁aw ak ened ▁from ▁her ▁deep ▁sleep . ▁The ▁character ' s ▁lack ▁of ▁dialog ue ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁she ▁remains ▁as leep ▁for ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁Ult imately , ▁Costa ' s ▁performance ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁– ▁and ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁himself ▁– ▁inspired ▁her ▁to ▁purs ue ▁a ▁full - time ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁professional ▁opera ▁singer , ▁advis ing ▁her ▁" M ary , ▁just ▁remember ▁the ▁three ▁D s ... D edic ation , ▁Det erm ination , ▁and ▁Dis cipl ine , ▁and ▁you ' ll ▁achieve ▁your ▁Dream s ! ". ▁Costa ' s ▁sal ary ▁was ▁$ 2 5 0 ▁per ▁week . ▁ ▁Person ality ▁and ▁design ▁ ▁Aur ora ' s ▁bl urb ▁on ▁the ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁website ▁once ▁c ited ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" gent le ▁and ▁lov ing ". ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁introduced ▁Aur ora ▁to ▁Costa ▁as ▁" a ▁very ▁layer ed ▁character ", ▁describing ▁her ▁as ▁" d ifferent . ▁She ' s ▁calm , ▁yet ▁she ' s ▁play ful . ▁She ▁has ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁humor , ▁and ▁she ▁has ▁an ▁imagination ." ▁Despite ▁popular ▁opinion ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁is |
▁a ▁very ▁pass ive ▁character , ▁Costa ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁the ▁prin cess ▁is ▁actually ▁" very ▁strong ", ▁cit ing ▁her ▁ur ge ▁to ▁def y ▁her ▁guard ians ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁her ▁strength , ▁while ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" a ▁beautiful ▁person ification ▁of ▁femin inity ." ▁R ais ed ▁exclus ively ▁by ▁three ▁women ▁in ▁a ▁very ▁shelter ed ▁environment , ▁Aur ora ▁had ▁never ▁been ▁exposed ▁to ▁a ▁man ▁prior ▁to ▁meeting ▁Phill ip . ▁Costa ▁bel ieves ▁that , ▁because ▁of ▁this , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁" inn ately ▁rom antic " ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁simply ▁lon ely , ▁explaining , ▁there ▁" was ▁a ▁certain ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁that ▁maybe ▁she ▁didn ’ t ▁realize ▁that ▁was ▁just ▁so ▁rom antic ▁and ▁maybe ▁expecting ▁something ▁that ▁she ▁didn ’ t ▁even ▁know ▁what ", ▁and ▁cred its ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁raised ▁by ▁three ▁older ▁women ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁her ▁parents ▁with ▁making ▁her ▁" a ▁little ▁bit ▁older , ▁and ▁yet , ▁she ▁... ▁had ▁this ▁young ▁out re aching ▁spirit ." ▁A ▁very ▁lov ing ▁character , ▁Aur ora ▁enjoyed ▁her ▁lon ely ▁life ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁she ▁did ▁because ▁she ▁had ▁never ▁experienced ▁anything ▁else . ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁character ' s ▁close ▁companion ship ▁with ▁wood land ▁cre atures ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁a ▁lov ing ▁individual . ▁ ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁challeng ed ▁his ▁anim ators ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁film ' s ▁characters ▁appear ▁" |
as ▁real ▁as ▁possible ". ▁Anim ator ▁Marc ▁Davis ▁was ▁the ▁super vis ing ▁anim ator ▁for ▁Aur ora , ▁responsible ▁for ▁anim ating ▁the ▁character ' s ▁most ▁important ▁scenes . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁he ▁started ▁working ▁on ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y , ▁Davis ' ▁prior ▁work ▁experience ▁had ▁already ▁established ▁him ▁as ▁" one ▁of ▁W alt ▁Disney ’ s ▁go - to ▁anim ators ▁for ▁pretty ▁girls ," ▁having ▁previously ▁animated ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁C inder ella , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Alice ▁from ▁Alice ▁in ▁Wonder land ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁and ▁T ink er ▁Bell ▁from ▁Peter ▁Pan ▁( 1 9 5 3 ). ▁Although ▁hero ines ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁difficult ▁characters ▁to ▁animate , ▁Davis ' ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁human ▁body ▁and ▁an atom y ▁" br ought ▁these ▁icon ic ▁female ▁characters ▁to ▁life ▁and ▁made ▁them ▁bel iev able ", ▁according ▁to ▁The ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Family ▁Museum . ▁While ▁other ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁anim ators ▁strugg led ▁to ▁adapt ▁to ▁art istic ▁director ▁E y v ind ▁Ear le ' s ▁un pre ced ented ▁preference ▁for ▁detailed ▁background s , ▁Davis ▁himself ▁rather ▁emb rac ed ▁this ▁new ▁style . ▁Coll abor ating ▁with ▁character ▁designer ▁Tom ▁O reb ▁on ▁Aur ora , ▁Davis ▁" craft ed ▁a ▁leading ▁lady ▁of ▁eleg ance ." ▁With ▁a ▁dign ified , ▁angular ▁shape ▁that ▁complement ed ▁Ear le ’ s ▁vertical ▁and ▁horizontal ▁background s , ▁the ▁prin cess ▁was |
▁" more ▁ref ined " ▁than ▁preceding ▁Disney ▁hero ines , ▁and ▁thus ▁required ▁much ▁more ▁attention ▁to ▁detail ▁than ▁any ▁animated ▁character ▁before ▁her . ▁Qu ality ▁control ▁anim ator ▁I wa o ▁Tak am oto ▁described ▁working ▁on ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁" a ▁labor ious ▁job ▁... ▁because ▁the ▁draw ings ▁were ▁so ▁ref ined ", ▁and ▁ultimately ▁limited ▁in - between ers ▁such ▁as ▁himself ▁to ▁comple ting ▁only ▁seven ▁draw ings ▁per ▁day . ▁With ▁an ▁art istry ▁" character ized ▁by ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁style ", ▁Davis ▁incorpor ated ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁and ▁Art ▁Dec o ▁into ▁Aur ora ' s ▁long , ▁golden ▁curl s . ▁The ▁character ▁was ▁also ▁drawn ▁with ▁vio let ▁eyes , ▁Disney ' s ▁first ▁prin cess ▁to ▁have ▁eyes ▁that ▁are ▁this ▁color . ▁Not ably , ▁Davis ▁animated ▁Aur ora ▁throughout ▁the ▁entire ▁film ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁eventually ▁being ▁replaced ▁by ▁another ▁anim ator ▁which , ▁according ▁to ▁Costa , ▁would ▁have ▁alter ed ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁for ▁the ▁worse . ▁Aur ora ' s ▁ref ined ▁features ▁complement ▁those ▁of ▁her ▁nem esis ▁Male fic ent , ▁who ▁is ▁similarly ▁as ▁ref ined ▁and ▁" all uring " ▁but ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁" man ip ulative ▁manner ." ▁Both ▁characters ▁were ▁animated ▁by ▁Davis . ▁ ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁strongly ▁encourag ed ▁Costa ▁to ▁work ▁closely ▁with ▁Davis ▁while ▁he ▁animated ▁Aur ora ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁learn ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁possible ▁about ▁her ▁character ▁and |
▁familiar ize ▁herself ▁with ▁" all ▁aspects ▁of ▁her ." ▁Draw ing ▁Aur ora ▁to ▁res emble ▁her ▁voice ▁actress , ▁Davis ▁incorpor ated ▁Costa ' s ▁habit ▁of ▁gest uring ▁with ▁her ▁hands ▁while ▁speaking ▁and ▁singing ▁into ▁the ▁character ' s ▁design , ▁and ▁def ended ▁the ▁singer ' s ▁performance ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁incorrectly ▁referred ▁to ▁a ▁voice - over ▁by ▁a ▁fan , ▁explaining ▁that ▁Costa ' s ▁voice ▁was ▁" the ▁ocean ▁of ▁sound ▁upon ▁which ▁we ▁animated ." ▁Davis ▁and ▁Costa ▁eventually ▁became ▁close ▁friends . ▁Act ress ▁and ▁dan cer ▁Hel ene ▁Stanley ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁live - action ▁model ▁for ▁Aur ora , ▁providing ▁visual ▁reference ▁for ▁the ▁anim ators . ▁The ▁perform er ▁was ▁rec ru ited ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁degree ▁of ▁real ism ▁required ▁to ▁animate ▁Aur ora . ▁Stanley ' s ▁cost ume ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁cost ume ▁designer ▁Alice ▁Est es ▁at ▁the ▁beh est ▁of ▁Davis , ▁then ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁the ▁anim ator ▁at ▁Ch ou in ard ▁Art ▁Institute . ▁To ▁complement ▁the ▁" t apest ry ▁pattern " ▁of ▁the ▁film ' s ▁background s , ▁Est es ▁agreed ▁to ▁design ▁the ▁dress ▁to ▁" move ▁like ▁[ the ▁t apest ry ] ▁was ▁animated ." ▁Est es ▁and ▁Davis ▁eventually ▁got ▁married . ▁Meanwhile , ▁British ▁actress ▁Aud rey ▁He p burn ▁served ▁as ▁O reb ' s ▁insp iration ▁for ▁Aur ora ' s ▁body ▁type , ▁from ▁whom ▁they ▁borrow ed ▁the ▁prin |
cess ' ▁" e leg ant , ▁sl ender ▁features ". ▁The ▁studio ▁disag re ed ▁about ▁whether ▁Aur ora ' s ▁g own ▁should ▁be ▁p ink ▁or ▁blue , ▁a ▁conflict ▁that ▁was ▁written ▁into ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁an ▁argument ▁between ▁Flora ▁and ▁Mer ry we ather . ▁Aur ora ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁only ▁ 1 8 ▁minutes ▁of ▁screen ▁time . ▁ ▁Character ization ▁and ▁them es ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁trif ect a ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" G old en ▁Era " ▁of ▁Disney ▁hero ines . ▁Al ong side ▁her ▁two ▁prede cess ors ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁C inder ella , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁original ▁Disney ▁prin cess es . ▁Kit ▁Ste ink ell ner ▁of ▁Hello G igg les ▁wrote ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁continued ▁the ▁" tr end ▁of ▁pass ive ▁hero ines ▁who ▁wait ▁around ▁for ▁magic ▁to ▁change ▁their ▁lives ," ▁a ▁rec urr ing ▁theme ▁shared ▁by ▁Disney ▁prin cess es ▁who ▁were ▁introduced ▁both ▁during ▁and ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁Son ia ▁Sar ai ya ▁of ▁N erve ▁dub bed ▁Aur ora ▁" the ▁a pe x " ▁of ▁" w omen ▁who ▁made ▁no ▁choices ▁for ▁themselves ". ▁Writing ▁for ▁MTV , ▁La uren ▁V ino ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁" follow ed ▁the ▁basic ▁prin cess ▁ten ants ▁[ s ic ] ▁of ▁lov ing ▁animals ▁and ▁sleep ing ▁in ▁make up ", |
▁while ▁About . com ' s ▁David ▁N us air ▁wrote ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁followed ▁the ▁" pattern ▁of ▁kind ▁yet ▁hel pl ess ▁prin cess es ", ▁similar ▁to ▁Snow ▁White ▁and ▁C inder ella . ▁Mary ▁Grace ▁Gar is ▁of ▁B ust le ▁observed ▁that ▁the ▁original ▁tri o ▁" se eks ▁out ▁marriage ▁as ▁both ▁their ▁end game ▁and ▁salv ation ", ▁elabor ating , ▁" It ' s ▁literally ▁their ▁own ▁means ▁of ▁escape , ▁and ▁their ▁only ▁final ▁objective ." ▁However , ▁Aur ora ' s ▁dream s ▁and ▁fant as ies ▁are ▁different ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁drawn ▁from ▁l onel iness ▁and ▁isol ation ; ▁the ▁character ▁essentially ▁long s ▁" for ▁human ▁connections ▁beyond ▁her ▁three ▁fair y ▁sur rog ate ▁moth ers ." ▁The ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Family ▁Museum ▁volunte er ▁Lucas ▁O . ▁Se ast rom ▁agreed ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁more ▁" self - conf ident " ▁and ▁" more ▁of ▁rep ose ▁than ▁the ▁usual ▁na iv et é ▁of ▁Disney ▁hero ines ." ▁Ob ser ving ▁that ▁Aur ora ' s ▁actions ▁are ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁dec isions ▁and ▁opinions ▁of ▁those ▁around ▁her , ▁while ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁film ' s ▁action ▁involves ▁Prince ▁Phill ip , ▁Ste ink ell ner ▁j oked ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁is ▁so ▁pass ive ▁that ▁she ▁remains ▁as leep ▁during ▁the ▁film ' s ▁clim ax . ▁Dub bing ▁her ▁" a ▁girl ▁of ▁reaction ," ▁n erd ology . org |
' s ▁Lisa ▁K aye ▁C unning ham ▁felt ▁that ▁Aur ora ' s ▁" l ittle ▁screen ▁time ▁makes ▁her ▁difficult ▁to ▁class ify ▁as ▁a ▁femin ist , ▁but ▁her ▁single ▁active ▁decision ▁shows ▁great ▁promise ▁in ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁femin ist ▁Disney ▁prin cess es ," ▁despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁her ▁ag ency ▁is ▁constantly ▁und erm ined ▁by ▁other ▁characters . ▁C unning ham ▁concluded , ▁" By ▁making ▁one ▁active ▁decision ▁to ▁try ▁and ▁follow ▁her ▁dream s , ▁this ▁prin cess ▁made ▁a ▁big ▁step ▁forward ▁as ▁a ▁stronger ▁femin ist ▁than ▁Snow ▁White , ▁though ▁Aur ora ▁remains ▁bog ged ▁down ▁with ▁pass ive ▁react ivity ." ▁Author ▁Mel issa ▁G . ▁Wilson ▁observed ▁in ▁her ▁book ▁M ash ups ▁for ▁Te ens : ▁From ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁to ▁Bey once ▁that ▁Aur ora ' s ▁reaction ▁upon ▁learning ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁a ▁prin cess ▁diff ers ▁from ▁what ▁one ▁would ▁expect ▁from ▁a ▁young ▁woman . ▁ ▁By ▁default , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁usually ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁film ' s ▁main ▁character . ▁Le igh ▁Butler ▁of ▁Tor . com ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁" pro tagon ist " ▁right fully ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁three ▁good ▁f ai ries ▁because ▁they ▁" make ▁all ▁the ▁critical ▁dec isions ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁the ▁ones ▁which ▁drive ▁the ▁action ", ▁while ▁Aur ora ▁acts ▁as ▁little ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁pa wn . ▁Butler ▁exp ounded ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁" ne ver |
▁grows ▁as ▁a ▁character ▁during ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁film ; ▁she ▁has ▁no ▁ag ency ▁at ▁all , ▁in ▁fact . ▁She ▁doesn ’ t ▁act ; ▁she ▁is ▁acted ▁upon . ▁So ▁she ▁is ▁definitely ▁not ▁the ▁hero ▁of ▁the ▁story ." ▁Hel ping ▁Writ ers ▁Be come ▁Auth ors ' ▁K . ▁M . ▁We il and ▁agreed , ▁writing , ▁" S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁has ▁no ▁arc . ▁Prince ▁Phill ip ▁has ▁no ▁arc . ▁And , ▁even ▁more ▁important ly , ▁neither ▁of ▁them ▁are ▁present ▁from ▁start ▁to ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁story . ▁Without ▁the ▁f ai ries ▁to ▁hold ▁this ▁thing ▁together , ▁the ▁plot ▁would ▁have ▁lack ed ▁any ▁kind ▁of ▁imp et us ▁or ▁coh es ion ." ▁Upon ▁initial ▁view ing ▁of ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y , ▁a ▁writer ▁for ▁An ib und el ▁originally ▁dismiss ed ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁" the ▁ult imate ▁Disney ▁prin cess ▁in ▁the ▁most ▁negative ▁and ▁pass ive ▁sense ▁of ▁the ▁s tere ot ype ▁... ▁playing ▁no ▁part ▁what so ever ▁in ▁her ▁own ▁outcome ." ▁However , ▁in ▁ret ros pect , ▁the ▁author ' s ▁opinion ▁eventually ▁evol ved ▁upon ▁subsequent ▁view ings : ▁" Al though ▁Aur ora ▁has ▁little ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁her ▁own ▁conclusion , ▁it ’ s ▁not ▁a ▁mark ▁of ▁her ▁being ▁a ▁non - person . ▁Instead ▁it ▁reflect s ▁how ▁sometimes ▁bad ▁things ▁just ▁happen ▁which ▁we ▁have ▁no ▁control ▁over , ▁a ▁difficult |
▁but ▁important ▁less on ." ▁An ib und el ▁does ▁agree ▁that ▁although ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ''' s ▁title ▁character , ▁she ▁can ▁hardly ▁be ▁considered ▁the ▁film ' s ▁protagon ist , ▁instead ▁bel ieving ▁instead ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁actually ▁la cks ▁one ▁completely . ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁author ▁dub bed ▁Aur ora ▁the ▁film ' s ▁most ▁sympath etic ▁character ▁because ▁she ▁has ▁" th ought s , ▁feelings , ▁asp ir ations , ▁and ▁emot ions ," ▁elabor ating , ▁" Wh ile ▁most ▁characters ▁... ▁are ▁over ly ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁plot ▁and ▁react ing ▁to ▁events , ▁B ri ar ▁Rose ▁is ▁una ware ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁events ▁so ▁we ▁get ▁to ▁see ▁a ▁more ▁authentic ▁every day ▁side ▁of ▁her ." ▁In ▁his ▁book ▁Mult icult ural ism ▁and ▁the ▁Mouse : ▁Race ▁and ▁Sex ▁in ▁Disney ▁Entertainment , ▁author ▁Douglas ▁Bro de ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁f ai ries ' ▁raising ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁mirror s ▁" pre cis ely ▁that ▁sort ▁of ▁women ' s ▁commune ▁numerous ▁femin ists ▁experiment ed ▁with ▁throughout ▁the ▁sevent ies ." ▁ ▁Writing ▁for ▁Dur ham ▁College ' s ▁The ▁Water ▁Buff alo , ▁Mich elle ▁Mun ro ▁observed ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁five ▁Disney ▁Princess es ▁share ▁physical ▁and ▁person ality ▁tra its , ▁namely ▁their ▁white ▁skin , ▁na iv ety , ▁kind ness ▁and ▁comp ass ion , ▁" show ing ▁view ers ▁what ▁Disney ▁believed ▁a ▁prin cess ▁should ▁look ▁and ▁act |
▁like " ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁Mun ro ▁concluded ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁specifically ▁can ▁appear ▁both ▁spo iled ▁and ▁child ish ▁in ▁de mean or ▁at ▁times . ▁Ba iley ▁Cav ender ▁of ▁The ▁Silver ▁P ett ico at ▁Review ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁the ▁character ' s ▁appearance ▁and ▁style ▁is ▁rem in is cent ▁of ▁the ▁Gib son ▁Girl , ▁a ▁popular ▁character ▁created ▁and ▁designed ▁by ▁graph ic ▁artist ▁Charles ▁D ana ▁Gib son , ▁who ▁emb od ied ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁" phys ical ▁beauty ▁was ▁a ▁measure ▁of ▁fit ness , ▁character , ▁and ▁Amer ic ann ess ". ▁According ▁to ▁Cav ender , ▁Aur ora ' s ▁beauty ▁was ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁" ide al " ▁for ▁women ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁her ▁film ▁was ▁released , ▁em body ing ▁the ▁" class ic ▁standards ▁of ▁beauty ." ▁In ▁his ▁book ▁Deb ating ▁Disney : ▁Ped agog ical ▁Pers pect ives ▁on ▁Com mer cial ▁Cinema , ▁Douglas ▁Bro de ▁agreed ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁" a ▁model ▁of ▁modern ▁( 1 9 5 0 s ) ▁female ▁gl amour ", ▁comparing ▁her ▁long ▁bl onde ▁hair ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁actress ▁Brig itte ▁B ard ot ▁while ▁li ken ing ▁her ▁g own ▁to ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁fashion ▁designer ▁Christian ▁D ior . ▁According ▁to ▁The ▁D iss ol ve ' s ▁No el ▁Murray , ▁Aur ora ' s ▁story ▁is ▁a ▁met ap hor ▁about ▁a ▁" you ng ▁woman ▁being ▁ca ution ed ▁to ▁avoid ▁pen |
etr ation ." ▁Similarly , ▁Car rie ▁R . ▁W head on , ▁writing ▁for ▁Common ▁S ense ▁Media , ▁interpreted ▁Aur ora ' s ▁ar ous al ▁by ▁a ▁hand some ▁prince ▁as ▁being ▁symbol ic ▁of ▁a ▁young ▁woman ' s ▁" transition ▁to ▁ad ul th ood ▁and ▁sexual ▁aw ak ening ." ▁According ▁to ▁Mult icult ural ism ▁and ▁the ▁Mouse : ▁Race ▁and ▁Sex ▁in ▁Disney ▁Entertainment ▁author ▁Douglas ▁Bro de , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁" t orn ▁between ▁child like ▁lo y alt ies ▁and ▁adult ▁instinct s ", ▁while ▁The ▁Disney ▁Middle ▁A ges : ▁A ▁Fair y - T ale ▁and ▁Fant asy ▁Past ▁author ▁T ison ▁P ugh ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁Aur ora ' s ▁first ▁encounter ▁with ▁Prince ▁Phill ip ▁" ti ps ▁her ▁from ▁fant asy ▁into ▁reality , ▁from ▁child hood ▁into ▁woman hood ." ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁▁ ▁Film ▁and ▁television ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁deb uted ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁( 1 9 5 9 ) ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁daughter ▁of ▁King ▁Stefan ▁and ▁Queen ▁Le ah . ▁An ger ed ▁by ▁not ▁receiving ▁an ▁inv itation ▁to ▁her ▁christ ening , ▁the ▁prin cess ▁is ▁curs ed ▁by ▁an ▁evil ▁fair y ▁named ▁Male fic ent , ▁who ▁do oms ▁her ▁to ▁die ▁when ▁she ▁pr icks ▁her ▁finger ▁on ▁the ▁sp ind le ▁of ▁a ▁spin ning ▁wheel ▁on ▁her ▁ 1 6 th ▁birth day . ▁However , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁good ▁f |
ai ries ▁named ▁Mer ry we ather ▁al ters ▁the ▁cur se ▁so ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁will ▁instead ▁sleep ▁until ▁she ▁is ▁aw ak ened ▁by ▁a ▁kiss ▁from ▁her ▁true ▁love . ▁Mer ry we ather ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁other ▁f ai ries , ▁Flora ▁and ▁Fa una , ▁take ▁extra ▁pre ca utions ▁by ▁raising ▁the ▁prin cess ▁in ▁a ▁se cluded ▁c ott age ▁under ▁the ▁alias ▁B ri ar ▁Rose ▁to ▁protect ▁her ▁from ▁Male fic ent ▁until ▁her ▁six teenth ▁birth day ▁arriv es . ▁Several ▁years ▁later , ▁a ▁ 1 6 - year - old ▁Aur ora ▁meets ▁a ▁hand some ▁man ▁in ▁the ▁forest . ▁Un aware ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁actually ▁a ▁prince ▁named ▁Phill ip , ▁to ▁whom ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁bet ro th ed ▁since ▁inf ancy , ▁the ▁two ▁fall ▁in ▁love ▁and ▁agree ▁to ▁meet ▁again . ▁However , ▁the ▁f ai ries ▁finally ▁reve al ▁Aur ora ' s ▁true ▁identity ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁thus ▁forb id ▁her ▁from ▁seeing ▁him ▁because ▁they ▁plan ▁on ▁returning ▁the ▁heart bro ken ▁prin cess ▁to ▁her ▁parents . ▁While ▁alone ▁at ▁the ▁castle , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁hyp not ized ▁by ▁Male fic ent , ▁who ▁causes ▁her ▁to ▁pr ick ▁her ▁finger ▁and ▁ful fill ▁Mer ry we ather ' s ▁prop he cy . ▁She ▁was ▁then ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁highest ▁tower ▁to ▁sleep ▁peace fully ▁until ▁the ▁spell ▁was ▁broken . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Male fic ent ▁has ▁captured ▁Phill |
ip , ▁who ▁the ▁f ai ries ▁release ▁upon ▁real izing ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁the ▁same ▁man ▁Aur ora ▁met ▁in ▁the ▁forest ▁earlier ▁that ▁day . ▁Hel ping ▁him ▁defeat ▁Male fic ent , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁successfully ▁aw ak ened ▁by ▁Phill ip ' s ▁kiss , ▁and ▁finally ▁reun ited ▁with ▁her ▁parents . ▁ ▁In ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁En ch anted ▁T ales : ▁Follow ▁Your ▁Dream s ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁Aur ora , ▁vo iced ▁by ▁actress ▁Er in ▁Tor pe y , ▁stars ▁in ▁the ▁segment ▁" Keys ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom ", ▁in ▁which ▁her ▁parents ▁leave ▁her ▁responsible ▁for ▁running ▁the ▁kingdom ▁in ▁their ▁two - day ▁absence . ▁Dec lin ing ▁assistance ▁from ▁the ▁f ai ries , ▁they ▁give ▁her ▁her ▁own ▁wand ▁instead ▁should ▁she ▁need ▁help . ▁At ▁first ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁use ▁it ▁because ▁she ▁is ▁determined ▁to ▁accomplish ▁everything ▁on ▁her ▁own , ▁Aur ora ▁eventually ▁succ umb s ▁when ▁her ▁duties ▁prove ▁over wh el ming . ▁However , ▁her ▁in ex per ience ▁with ▁magic ▁leads ▁to ▁several ▁consequences , ▁which ▁she ▁is ▁then ▁forced ▁to ▁solve ▁without ▁magic . ▁ ▁In ▁Male fic ent ▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁a ▁live - action ▁re - im ag ining ▁of ▁the ▁animated ▁film ▁in ▁which ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁is ▁ret old ▁from ▁the ▁perspective ▁of ▁the ▁villa in , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁port rayed ▁by ▁actress ▁Elle ▁F anning , |
▁while ▁actress ▁Jan et ▁Mc Te er ▁voices ▁an ▁elder ly ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁film ' s ▁narr ator . ▁The ▁prin cess ▁is ▁raised ▁by ▁Male fic ent ▁after ▁first ▁being ▁curs ed ▁by ▁the ▁fair y ▁in ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁reven ge ▁against ▁her ▁father ▁King ▁Stefan , ▁only ▁for ▁a ▁strong ▁mother - d augh ter ▁bond ▁to ▁develop ▁between ▁the ▁characters ; ▁Aur ora ▁affection ately ▁refers ▁to ▁Male fic ent ▁as ▁her ▁fair y ▁god m other . ▁When ▁her ▁cur se ▁is ▁finally ▁ful filled , ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁aw ak ened ▁by ▁Male fic ent ' s ▁rem or se ful ▁kiss ▁to ▁her ▁fore head ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁a ▁prince ' s . ▁Aur ora ▁def ends ▁Male fic ent ▁from ▁her ▁father , ▁and ▁eventually ▁returns ▁her ▁wings ▁to ▁her ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁crown ed ▁queen ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁human ▁kingdom ▁and ▁the ▁fair y ▁kingdom ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mo ors . ▁F anning ▁repr ises ▁the ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁sequ el , ▁Male fic ent : ▁M ist ress ▁of ▁Ev il ▁( 2 0 1 9 ). ▁Five ▁years ▁have ▁past ▁since ▁Aur ora ▁became ▁Queen ▁of ▁the ▁Mo ors . ▁One ▁day ▁Phill ip ▁finally ▁asks ▁for ▁her ▁hand ▁in ▁marriage , ▁which ▁she ▁glad ly ▁accepts . ▁Despite ▁Male fic ent ▁initially ▁not ▁accepting ▁Phill ip ' s ▁bless ing , ▁she ▁agre es ▁to ▁go ▁have ▁dinner ▁at ▁the ▁castle ▁in ▁Ul sted , |
▁Phill ip ' s ▁kingdom , ▁to ▁meet ▁Aur ora ' s ▁future ▁in - la ws . ▁Male fic ent ▁is ▁wrong fully ▁bl amed ▁for ▁curs ing ▁Phill ip ' s ▁father , ▁King ▁John , ▁and ▁Aur ora ▁ref uses ▁to ▁go ▁back ▁home ▁with ▁her . ▁Event ually , ▁Aur ora ▁begins ▁to ▁miss ▁her ▁god m other ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁her ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁Mo ors . ▁She ▁soon ▁disco vers ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁Phill ip ' s ▁mother , ▁Queen ▁In gr ith , ▁who ▁curs ed ▁the ▁king ▁and ▁that ▁a ▁trap ▁is ▁being ▁set ▁to ▁kill ▁the ▁cre atures ▁of ▁the ▁Mo ors . ▁Aur ora ▁and ▁Phill ip ▁help ▁Male fic ent ▁stop ▁the ▁war ▁against ▁Queen ▁In gr ith ▁and ▁they ▁are ▁finally ▁married . ▁ ▁A ▁live - action ▁version ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁rec urr ing ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁fant asy ▁television ▁series ▁Once ▁Upon ▁a ▁Time , ▁port rayed ▁by ▁actress ▁Sarah ▁Bol ger . ▁She ▁made ▁a ▁guest ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁Sof ia ▁the ▁First ▁episode , ▁Hol iday ▁in ▁En chan cia ▁called ▁on ▁by ▁the ▁myst ical ▁am u let ▁of ▁A val or ▁to ▁assist ▁young ▁Princess ▁Sof ia ▁in ▁finding ▁her ▁missing ▁step father , ▁King ▁Roland ▁II . ▁She ▁assured ▁Sof ia ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁rely ▁on ▁her ▁animal ▁friends ' ▁to ▁help ▁just ▁she ▁had ▁long ▁ago . ▁ ▁Aur ora , ▁alongside ▁other ▁Disney ▁Princess es , ▁appeared ▁in ▁the |
▁film ▁Ralph ▁Bre aks ▁the ▁Internet , ▁as ▁was ▁announced ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁D 2 3 ▁Ex po . ▁ ▁Mis cell aneous ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁non - player ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁He arts ▁video ▁game ▁series , ▁dep icted ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁Princess es ▁of ▁Heart . ▁In ▁the ▁pre quel ▁Kingdom ▁He arts ▁B irth ▁by ▁S leep ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁the ▁character ▁goes ▁through ▁the ▁same ▁events ▁as ▁the ▁original ▁film . ▁Aur ora ▁appears ▁in ▁K ine ct ▁Disney land ▁Advent ures ▁( 2 0 1 1 ), ▁asking ▁players ▁to ▁collect ▁items ▁various ▁items , ▁including ▁songs ▁performed ▁by ▁birds . ▁ ▁Perform ers ▁dressed ▁as ▁Aur ora ▁make ▁" f air ly ▁regular " ▁appearances ▁throughout ▁several ▁popular ▁locations ▁at ▁the ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Park s ▁and ▁Res ort s , ▁specifically ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁World ' s ▁E pc ot ▁France ▁Pav il ion , ▁C inder ella ' s ▁Royal ▁Table , ▁Disney ▁Dream s ▁Come ▁True ▁Par ade , ▁and ▁Princess ▁Fair yt ale ▁Hall ▁in ▁the ▁Magic ▁Kingdom , ▁Fant asy land ' s ▁Princess ▁Me et ▁' n ' ▁Gre et ▁at ▁Disney land ▁California , ▁Fant asy land ' s ▁Princess ▁Pav il ion ▁and ▁A uber ge ▁de ▁C end r illon ▁at ▁Disney land ▁Paris , ▁Fant asy land ▁and ▁World ▁B az aar ▁at ▁Tokyo ▁Disney land , ▁and ▁the ▁W ishing ▁Well ▁at ▁Hong |
▁Kong ▁Disney land . ▁ ▁Tra dem ark ▁The ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Company ▁currently ▁has ▁a ▁tra dem ark ▁with ▁the ▁US ▁Pat ent ▁and ▁Tra dem ark ▁Office , ▁file d ▁March ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁name ▁" Pr in cess ▁Aur ora " ▁that ▁covers ▁production ▁and ▁distribution ▁of ▁motion ▁picture ▁films ; ▁production ▁of ▁television ▁programs ; ▁production ▁of ▁sound ▁and ▁video ▁record ings . ▁This ▁has ▁caused ▁some ▁controvers y ▁because ▁" Pr in cess ▁Aur ora " ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁lead ▁character ▁in ▁The ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁Bal let , ▁from ▁where ▁Disney ▁acquired ▁the ▁name ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁its ▁animated ▁film , ▁and ▁which ▁is ▁performed ▁live ▁on ▁stage ▁and ▁sometimes ▁television ▁and ▁often ▁sold ▁later ▁as ▁a ▁recorded ▁performance ▁on ▁video . ▁The ▁tra dem ark ▁was ▁granted ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁and ▁legacy ▁Initial ▁critical ▁response ▁towards ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁generally ▁unf avor able , ▁with ▁film ▁critics ▁compla ining ▁about ▁Aur ora ' s ▁pass ivity ▁and ▁overall ▁similarity ▁to ▁Snow ▁White . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁Disney ▁received ▁" har sh ▁criticism " ▁for ▁dep ict ing ▁both ▁C inder ella ▁and ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁" na ï ve ▁and ▁m alle able " ▁characters , ▁and ▁failing ▁to ▁acknow ledge ▁the ▁ways ▁in ▁which ▁women ' s ▁roles ▁in ▁society ▁had |
▁evol ved ▁since ▁Snow ▁White ' s ▁debut ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁Crit ics ▁agree ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁represents ▁" the ▁classic ▁d ams el ▁in ▁dist ress " ▁by ▁being ▁dep icted ▁as ▁a ▁beautiful ▁young ▁woman ▁who ▁is ▁res cu ed ▁by ▁a ▁stranger . ▁Bos ley ▁Crow ther ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁was ▁too ▁similar ▁to ▁Snow ▁White , ▁writing , ▁" The ▁prin cess ▁looks ▁so ▁much ▁like ▁Snow ▁White ▁they ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁Miss ▁R he ing olds ▁separated ▁by ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁years ." ▁Time ▁Out ▁dismiss ed ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁a ▁" del icate " ▁and ▁" v ap id " ▁character . ▁B ust le ' s ▁Mary ▁Grace ▁Gar is ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁" su ff ers ▁from ▁having ▁very ▁little ▁defin able ▁person ality ▁and ▁... ▁serious ▁D ams el - in - Dist ress ▁synd rome ". ▁Son ia ▁Sar ai ya ▁of ▁Je z eb el ▁echo ed ▁this ▁sentiment , ▁critic izing ▁Aur ora ▁for ▁lack ing ▁" inter est ing ▁qual ities "; ▁Sar ai ya ▁also ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁Disney ' s ▁least ▁femin ist ▁prin cess . ▁Similarly , ▁B ust le ▁also ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁the ▁least ▁femin ist ▁Disney ▁Princess , ▁with ▁author ▁Ch else a ▁M ize ▁exp ounding , ▁" A ur ora ▁literally ▁sle eps ▁for ▁like ▁three ▁qu arters ▁of ▁the ▁movie ▁... ▁Aur ora ▁just ▁straight - up ▁has |
▁no ▁ag ency , ▁and ▁really ▁isn ' t ▁doing ▁much ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁of ▁femin ine ▁progress ." ▁D ismiss ing ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" bare ly ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁ci pher ", ▁Le igh ▁Butler ▁of ▁Tor . com ▁p anned ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁" a ▁Bar bie ▁doll ▁knock off ▁who ▁does ▁nothing ▁the ▁whole ▁film ▁but ▁sing ▁w ist fully ▁about ▁F inding ▁Her ▁Man , ▁before ▁becoming ▁the ▁ult imate ▁pass ive ▁D ams el ▁in ▁Dist ress ". ▁However , ▁Butler ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁character ▁somewhat , ▁writing , ▁" A ur ora ’ s ▁ci pher - ness ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁would ▁be ▁inf uri ating ▁if ▁she ▁were ▁the ▁only ▁female ▁character ▁in ▁it , ▁but ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁the ▁F ai ries ▁and ▁Male fic ent ▁allow ▁her ▁to ▁be ▁what ▁she ▁is ▁without ▁it ▁being ▁a ▁sub cons cious ▁statement ▁on ▁what ▁all ▁women ▁are ." ▁Similarly , ▁Re fin ery 2 9 ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁the ▁fourth ▁most ▁femin ist ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁because ▁" Her ▁a un ts ▁have ▁essentially ▁raised ▁her ▁in ▁a ▁place ▁where ▁women ▁run ▁the ▁game ." ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁Disney ' s ▁last ▁prin cess ▁created ▁before ▁W alt ▁Disney ' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁When ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁film ▁performed ▁poor ly ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office ▁while ▁failing ▁to ▁impress ▁critics . |
▁In ▁response , ▁the ▁studio ▁decided ▁to ▁avoid ▁adapt ing ▁fair y ▁tales ▁into ▁feature - length ▁animated ▁films ▁for ▁several ▁years ; ▁Aur ora ▁would ▁remain ▁Disney ' s ▁last ▁prin cess ▁until ▁The ▁Little ▁Mer ma id ' s ▁A riel ▁deb uted ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁Mic ' s ▁Mel issa ▁H ugel ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁the ▁negative ▁reception ▁inst ig ated ▁by ▁Aur ora ' s ▁pass ive ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁woman ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁this ▁hi atus , ▁ear ning ▁the ▁character ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Disney ' s ▁worst ▁prin cess es . ▁Meanwhile , ▁David ▁N us air ▁of ▁About . com ▁attributes ▁the ▁film ' s ▁failure ▁with ▁" the ▁familiar ity ▁of ▁its ▁story line , ▁as ▁the ▁film ▁bo asts ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁elements ▁contained ▁within ▁both ▁of ▁its ▁prede cess ors ▁– ▁including ▁the ▁revel ation ▁that ▁Princess ▁Aur ora ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁aw ak ened ▁from ▁her ▁deep ▁sl umber ▁by ▁a ▁kiss ▁from ▁her ▁one ▁true ▁love " ▁similar ▁to ▁Snow ▁White . ▁Hollywood . com ▁ranked ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁Disney ' s ▁worst ▁prin cess ▁film ▁because ▁its ▁main ▁character ▁remains ▁as leep ▁for ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁it . ▁At ▁one ▁point , ▁the ▁name ▁" A ur ora " ▁became ▁a ▁popular ▁baby ▁name , ▁with ▁parents ▁often ▁naming ▁their ▁daughters ▁after ▁the ▁character . ▁However , ▁despite ▁being ▁featured |
▁prom in ently ▁in ▁Disney ▁mer ch and ise , ▁" A ur ora ▁has ▁become ▁an ▁oft - f org ot ten ▁prin cess ", ▁and ▁her ▁popular ity ▁p ales ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁C inder ella ▁and ▁Snow ▁White . ▁While ▁creating ▁the ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁franch ise , ▁Disney ▁Cons umer ▁Product s ▁decided ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁should ▁be ▁market ed ▁we aring ▁the ▁p ink ▁version ▁of ▁her ▁dress ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁further ▁distinguish ▁her ▁from ▁C inder ella , ▁who ▁also ▁we ars ▁blue . ▁B uzz Feed ▁readers ▁voted ▁Aur ora ▁their ▁sixth ▁favorite ▁Disney ▁Princess , ▁who ▁gar ner ed ▁ 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 , 5 5 4 ▁votes . ▁Time ▁reported ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁the ▁sevent h ▁best - s elling ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁on ▁e B ay ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁having ▁sold ▁$ 2 1 5 , 8 5 6 ▁in ▁mer ch and ise ▁that ▁year . ▁However , ▁Se vent een ▁arg ues ▁that ▁ ▁Aur ora ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Disney ' s ▁most ▁famous ▁prin cess [ es ] ". ▁ ▁Media ▁publications ▁often ▁tend ▁to ▁place ▁Aur ora ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁their ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁rank ings . ▁Se vent een ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁last ▁on ▁their ▁" Def init ive ▁Rank ing ▁Of ▁Disney ▁Princess es " ▁list . ▁Similarly , ▁B uzz Feed ▁also ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁last . ▁Movie p il ot ▁placed ▁Aur ora ▁last ▁on ▁the ▁website |
' s ▁" All ▁of ▁the ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁Rank ed ▁from ▁Wor st ▁to ▁Best " ▁ranking , ▁with ▁author ▁Krist in ▁La i ▁dismiss ing ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" a ▁s no o ze ." ▁Meanwhile , ▁MTV ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁ 1 2 th ▁on ▁the ▁website ' s ▁" U lt imate ▁Rank ing ▁Of ▁The ▁Best ▁Disney ▁Princess es ▁Of ▁All ▁Time ". ▁Similarly , ▁E ! ▁also ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁ 1 2 th , ▁with ▁author ▁John ▁Bo one ▁elabor ating , ▁" She ' s ▁not ▁a ▁bad ▁prin cess , ▁per ▁se . ▁She ▁might ▁actually ▁be ▁the ▁pre tt iest ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁prin cess es ▁... ▁But ▁she ' s ▁as leep ▁half ▁the ▁movie ! ▁Pre tty ... but ▁so , ▁so ▁b oring ." ▁Z imb io ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁the ▁second ▁worst ▁Disney ▁Princess , ▁while ▁B uzz Feed ▁ranked ▁the ▁character ▁one ▁of ▁Disney ' s ▁least ▁intellig ent ▁prin cess es , ▁with ▁author ▁Leon ora ▁Ep stein ▁dismiss ing ▁Aur ora ▁as ▁the ▁" equ ivalent ▁to ▁the ▁child ▁who ▁puts ▁his ▁finger ▁in ▁a ▁socket ▁when ▁express ly ▁told ▁not ▁to ." ▁However , ▁the ▁character ▁has ▁gar ner ed ▁recognition ▁for ▁her ▁beauty ▁and ▁fashion , ▁with ▁St y list ▁ext ol ling ▁Aur ora ' s ▁" b low out " ▁as ▁" the ▁ult imate ▁ha irst yle ▁when ▁it ▁comes ▁to ▁being ▁a ▁prin cess " ▁while ▁ranking ▁it ▁among ▁Disney ' |
s ▁" Best ▁beauty ▁looks ", ▁and ▁B ust le ▁dub bing ▁her ▁" the ▁h ott est ▁Disney ▁Princess ". ▁Entertainment ▁Week ly ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ' s ▁hair ▁the ▁second ▁best ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Disney ▁Princess es , ▁with ▁author ▁An nie ▁Bar rett ▁describing ▁it ▁as ▁" asp ir ational ". ▁Oh ▁My ▁Disney ▁ranked ▁the ▁p ink ▁and ▁blue ▁versions ▁of ▁Aur ora ' s ▁dress ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 6 th ▁on ▁their ▁count down ▁of ▁every ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁out fit , ▁vo icing ▁their ▁preference ▁for ▁the ▁character ▁in ▁blue . ▁Marie ▁Cla ire ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ' s ▁out f its ▁among ▁" The ▁ 2 0 ▁Great est ▁Movie ▁D ress es ▁of ▁All ▁Time ", ▁writing , ▁" Of ▁all ▁the ▁Disney ▁prin cess es , ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ' s ▁Aur ora ▁had ▁a ▁fashion able ▁edge " ▁potentially ▁worthy ▁of ▁being ▁im itated ▁by ▁sing ers ▁K aty ▁Perry ▁and ▁Nick i ▁M ina j . ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁ranked ▁first ▁on ▁Movie p il ot ' s ▁" Wh ich ▁Out fit ▁is ▁Fair est ▁of ▁Th em ▁All ? ▁ 1 3 ▁Disney ▁Div as ▁Rank ed " ▁list . ▁Author ▁Mik ay la ▁Slo an ▁ent h used ▁that ▁" The ▁lines ▁of ▁Aur ora ' s ▁dress ▁are ▁f law less ▁and ▁her ▁shoulders ▁are ▁set ▁off ▁beautiful ly " ▁while ▁" Her ▁hair ▁is ▁effort lessly ▁w avy ▁and ▁her ▁access ories |
▁acc ent uate ▁her ▁features ▁perfectly ." ▁According ▁to ▁B ust le , ▁the ▁character ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁most ▁sty lish ▁Disney ▁Princess , ▁while ▁E ! ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁Aur ora ▁own s ▁the ▁sixth ▁greatest ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁w ard ro be , ▁vo icing ▁their ▁preference ▁for ▁the ▁character ▁in ▁p ink . ▁B uzz Feed ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ' s ▁ball g own ▁ 1 1 th ▁on ▁their ▁" Def init ive ▁Rank ing ▁Of ▁ 7 2 ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁Out f its ". ▁According ▁to ▁Se vent een , ▁the ▁character ▁under w ent ▁the ▁fifth ▁greatest ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁make over . ▁On ▁Cos m opol itan ' s ▁list ▁of ▁" the ▁ 1 4 ▁H ott est ▁Disney ▁Princess es ", ▁Aur ora ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 1 2 th , ▁with ▁author ▁Frank ▁Kob ola ▁dismiss ing ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" a ▁s no o zef est " ▁and ▁comparing ▁her ▁to ▁" that ▁girl ▁in ▁college ▁who ▁was ▁always ▁taking ▁n aps ". ▁ ▁Costa ▁has ▁gar ner ed ▁w ides p read ▁acc laim ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁as ▁Aur ora . ▁B uzz Feed ▁ranked ▁Aur ora ▁nin th ▁on ▁the ▁website ' s ▁ranking ▁of ▁Disney ▁Princess ▁singing ▁voices , ▁with ▁author ▁Kel cie ▁Will is ▁award ing ▁it ▁" Extra ▁props ▁for ▁bringing ▁oper atic ▁vocals ▁to ▁Disney ." ▁Vari ety ▁compl iment ed ▁Costa ' s ▁" rich ▁and ▁express ive " ▁performance , ▁pra ising ▁the ▁singer ▁for ▁providing ▁Aur |
ora ▁with ▁both ▁" subst ance ▁and ▁strength ". ▁John ▁Clark ▁of ▁SF G ate ▁cred ited ▁Costa ' s ▁vocals ▁with ▁" man ag [ ing ] ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁en chant ing ▁impression ▁in ▁just ▁a ▁few ▁on screen ▁minutes ▁without ▁being ▁push y ▁or ▁sac char ine ." ▁Meanwhile , ▁Art ist direct ' s ▁Rick ▁Flor ino ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁singer ▁" br ought ▁a ▁pure ▁and ▁honest ▁v ib ran cy ▁to ▁the ▁film ." ▁Additionally , ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁served ▁as ▁Costa ' s ▁first ▁singing ▁job , ▁prior ▁to ▁which ▁she ▁had ▁had ▁little ▁professional ▁singing ▁experience . ▁The ▁role ▁has ▁since ▁had ▁a ▁prof ound ▁impact ▁on ▁Costa ' s ▁career , ▁allowing ▁her ▁to ▁successfully ▁transition ▁from ▁animated ▁to ▁oper atic ▁roles . ▁Costa ▁cred its ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁and ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁with ▁inst illing ▁a ▁work ▁eth ic ▁in ▁her , ▁which ▁she ▁maintained ▁throughout ▁her ▁entire ▁career . ▁Costa ▁has ▁achieved ▁great ▁success ▁as ▁an ▁opera ▁singer ; ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁ha iled ▁her ▁as ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁beautiful ▁women ▁to ▁grace ▁the ▁oper atic ▁stage ", ▁while ▁Paul ▁Mac In nes ▁of ▁The ▁Guardian ▁referred ▁to ▁her ▁as ▁" One ▁of ▁America ' s ▁fin est ▁sop ran os ". ▁First ▁Lady ▁Jac qu eline ▁Kennedy ▁personally ▁requested ▁that ▁Costa ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁mem orial ▁service ▁of ▁her ▁late ▁husband , ▁United ▁States ▁President ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy . ▁Despite ▁her ▁success ▁elsewhere |
, ▁Costa ▁continues ▁to ▁hold ▁vo icing ▁Aur ora ▁in ▁high ▁regard ▁as ▁her ▁greatest ▁accomplish ment ▁because ▁the ▁role ▁" ke eps ▁[ her ] ▁close ▁to ▁young ▁people ." ▁Costa ▁was ▁officially ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁Disney ▁Leg end ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁make ▁prom ot ional ▁appearances ▁for ▁Disney . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Costa ▁hosted ▁a ▁the atr ical ▁screen ing ▁of ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y ▁in ▁her ▁h omet own ▁of ▁Kno x ville , ▁Tennessee ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁the ▁film ' s ▁home ▁video ▁release . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Costa ▁su ed ▁Disney ▁for ▁roy alt ies ▁ow ed ▁since ▁the ▁film ' s ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁home ▁video ▁release , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁her ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁studio ▁prevent ed ▁them ▁from ▁producing ▁" phon ograph ▁record ings ▁or ▁trans cri ptions ▁for ▁sale ▁to ▁the ▁public " ▁without ▁her ▁permission , ▁although ▁Disney ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁video ▁t apes ▁are ▁simply ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁The ▁case ▁was ▁settled ▁out - of - court ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Costa ▁for ▁an ▁und is closed ▁sum , ▁provided ▁she ▁rel in qu ish ▁all ▁future ▁rights . ▁Costa ▁continued ▁respond ing ▁to ▁all ▁fan ▁letters ▁for ▁nearly ▁ 6 0 ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁film ' s ▁original ▁release , ▁until ▁she ▁found ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁become ▁too ▁elder ly ▁to ▁continue ▁respond ing ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 8 6 |
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