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tera ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁Track ▁ 4 , ▁" Flow ers ", ▁is ▁a ▁stri pped - down ▁rem ix , ▁or ▁" dem ix ", ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁" Don ' t ▁Br ing ▁Me ▁Flow ers " ▁from ▁God f lesh ' s ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁studio ▁album , ▁P ure . ▁After ▁the ▁EP ▁was ▁master ed ▁and ▁completed , ▁Columbia ▁brought ▁in ▁Bob ▁Ludwig ▁to ▁ref ine ▁the ▁release . ▁Bro adr ick ▁said ▁Ludwig ' s ▁changes ▁improved ▁the ▁sound . ▁ ▁The ▁EP ' s ▁cover ▁is ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁experimental ▁film ▁M esh es ▁of ▁the ▁Af ternoon ▁by ▁May a ▁Der en . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁ ▁All Music ▁rev iewer ▁Daniel ▁G io ff re ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁EP ▁" dis plays ▁clearly ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁method ▁in ▁God f lesh ' s ▁mad ness , ▁that ▁their ▁peculiar ▁brand ▁of ▁disc ord ▁is ▁carefully ▁calculated , ▁in ▁the ▁full ▁knowledge ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁con son ance ▁l ur king ▁inside ▁every ▁dis son ance ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁G . ▁C . ▁Green ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁production , ▁engineering ▁Justin ▁Bro adr ick ▁– ▁guitar , ▁vocals , ▁production , ▁engineering ▁Robert ▁Ham pson ▁– ▁guitar ▁( tra cks ▁ 3 ▁and ▁ 4 ) ▁Mach ines ▁– ▁rh ythm , ▁samples ▁Bob ▁Ludwig ▁– ▁master ing ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁EP
s ▁Category : G od f lesh ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁C ind y ▁Kelly ▁J org enson ▁( born ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Senior ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Judge ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Arizona . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Born ▁in ▁Fort ▁Ord , ▁California , ▁J org enson ▁received ▁a ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Science ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Arizona ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁and ▁a ▁Jur is ▁Doctor ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Arizona ▁College ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁Leg al ▁career ▁Following ▁law ▁school ▁gradu ation , ▁J org enson ▁was ▁a ▁deput y ▁county ▁att orney ▁in ▁the ▁P ima ▁County , ▁Arizona , ▁County ▁Att orney ' s ▁Office ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁She ▁was ▁then ▁an ▁Ass istant ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ' s ▁Office ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Arizona ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁judge ▁on ▁the ▁P ima ▁County ▁Super ior ▁Court ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Federal ▁jud icial ▁career ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁J org enson ▁was ▁nominated ▁by ▁President ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Arizona
▁created ▁by ▁ 1 1 3 ▁Stat . ▁ 1 5 0 1 . ▁She ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁and ▁received ▁her ▁commission ▁on ▁March ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁She ▁assumed ▁senior ▁status ▁on ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁jud ges ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁jud ges ▁Category : American ▁women ▁jud ges ▁Category : A rizona ▁state ▁court ▁jud ges ▁Category : Ass istant ▁United ▁States ▁Att or ne ys ▁Category : James ▁E . ▁Rog ers ▁College ▁of ▁Law ▁al umn i ▁Category : J ud ges ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Arizona ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁district ▁court ▁jud ges ▁appointed ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Arizona ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Events ▁from ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 7 2 5 ▁in ▁Russia ▁ ▁Events ▁ ▁B irth s ▁ ▁Py otr ▁Rum y ant se v ▁( d ied ▁ 1 7 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Death s ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁I , ▁monarch ▁( born ▁ 1 6 7 2 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 2 5 ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁Empire ▁Category : Year s ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th
▁century ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁Empire <0x0A> </s> ▁Long shot ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁American ▁comedy ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Lion el ▁C . ▁Martin , ▁and ▁written ▁by ▁Lou ▁Pear l man , ▁as ▁a ▁prom ot ional ▁tool ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁acting ▁deb uts ▁of ▁his ▁succession ▁of ▁successful ▁boy b ands ▁and ▁girl ▁groups , ▁such ▁as ▁NS Y NC , ▁O - T own ▁and ▁Natural , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ra pper ▁Lil ' ▁Kim , ▁singer ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars , ▁girl band ▁In nos ense ▁and ▁pop - hip ▁hop ▁tri o ▁L FO , ▁all ▁of ▁whom ▁had ▁came o ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁as ▁Pear l man ▁had ▁worked ▁with ▁all ▁of ▁them ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s . ▁Hunter ▁Ty lo , ▁Paul ▁Sor v ino ▁Antonio ▁Sab ato ▁Jr ., ▁Zach ery ▁Ty ▁Bry an , ▁and ▁Ken ny ▁Rog ers ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁Spe ars ▁has ▁a ▁came o . ▁ ▁The ▁plot ▁rec ount s ▁the ▁tale ▁of ▁a ▁young ▁boy , ▁Alex ▁Taylor , ▁who ▁gets ▁caught ▁up ▁in ▁his ▁brother ' s ▁activities ▁as ▁a ▁gig olo , ▁and ▁uses ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁said ▁pop ▁acts ▁as ▁a ▁tool ▁within ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Alex ▁Taylor ▁lives ▁in ▁L . A . ▁with ▁his ▁older ▁brother , ▁Jack , ▁who ▁works ▁as ▁a ▁personal ▁fit ness ▁tra iner ▁and ▁som etime ▁gig
olo . ▁Alex ' s ▁class m ates ▁begin ▁to ▁har ass ▁him ▁after ▁he ▁miss es ▁the ▁game - win ning ▁shot ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁high ▁school ' s ▁basketball ▁games . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Las z lo ▁P ry ce , ▁a ▁rich ▁and ▁cor rupt ▁business man , ▁disco vers ▁Jack ' s ▁affair ▁with ▁his ▁wife , ▁Mit zi . ▁Las z lo ▁threat ens ▁to ▁kill ▁Jack ▁and ▁Alex ▁unless ▁Jack ▁travel s ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁to ▁s edu ce ▁a ▁wid ow ▁named ▁Rach el ▁Mont gom ery . ▁On ▁the ▁ver ge ▁of ▁s elling ▁her ▁company , ▁Las z lo ▁wants ▁Jack ▁to ▁relay ▁any ▁inside ▁information ▁he ▁can ▁discover ▁about ▁the ▁imp ending ▁transaction . ▁F ear ing ▁for ▁his ▁younger ▁brother ' s ▁life , ▁Jack ▁brings ▁Alex ▁with ▁him ▁on ▁the ▁trip . ▁The ▁con ▁begins ▁to ▁un ra vel ▁when ▁Rach el ▁and ▁Jack ▁fall ▁for ▁each ▁other ▁while ▁Alex ▁similarly ▁falls ▁for ▁Rach el ' s ▁daughter , ▁Kelly . ▁Jack ▁reve als ▁to ▁Rach el ▁why ▁he ' s ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁consp ire ▁to ▁expose ▁P ry ce . ▁Rach el , ▁though , ▁needs ▁to ▁raise ▁two ▁million ▁dollars ▁to ▁save ▁her ▁company . ▁In ▁a ▁stroke ▁of ▁luck , ▁Alex ▁wins ▁a ▁contest ▁to ▁shoot ▁a ▁hal ft ime , ▁half - court ▁shot . ▁If ▁he ▁makes ▁it , ▁Rach el ▁keeps ▁her ▁company , ▁Las z
lo ▁is ▁arrested , ▁and ▁everyone ▁lives ▁happ ily ▁ever ▁after . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Tony ▁De Cam ill is ▁as ▁Jack ▁Taylor ▁ ▁Hunter ▁Ty lo ▁as ▁Rach el ▁Mont gom ery ▁ ▁Jo ey ▁S cul th or pe ▁as ▁Alex ▁Taylor ▁ ▁Paul ▁Sor v ino ▁as ▁Las z lo ▁P ry ce ▁ ▁Antonio ▁Sab ato ▁Jr . ▁as ▁Tommy ▁S utton ▁ ▁Jess ica ▁W ess on ▁as ▁Kelly ▁Mont gom ery ▁ ▁T ara ▁Davis ▁as ▁V icky ▁Thompson ▁ ▁Gilbert ▁Gott fried ▁as ▁Mr . ▁Ch ad wick ▁ ▁Ellen ▁Albert ini ▁Dow ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Fle isher ▁ ▁Zach ery ▁Ty ▁Bry an ▁as ▁De ke ▁ ▁Daniel le ▁Fish el ▁as ▁Gl oria ▁ ▁Jer emy ▁Wie and ▁as ▁Ch ip ▁ ▁Louis ▁J . ▁Pear l man ▁as ▁Captain ▁Lewis ▁ ▁Mit zi ▁Martin ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁P ry ce ▁ ▁Col in ▁B ain ▁as ▁H und el ▁ ▁NS Y NC ▁ ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars ▁as ▁Fl ight ▁Att endant ▁ ▁Ken ny ▁Rog ers ▁as ▁Pil ot ▁ ▁Harry ▁' K C ' ▁Wayne ▁Case y ▁as ▁Co - P il ot ▁ ▁D arr in ▁H enson ▁as ▁Male ▁Fl ight ▁Att endant ▁ ▁D way ne ▁Johnson ▁as ▁M ug ger ▁ ▁O - T own ▁ ▁L FO ▁ ▁In nos ense ▁ ▁Take ▁ 5 ▁ ▁C - Note ▁ ▁Kevin ▁E ub anks ▁as ▁Jazz ▁Club ▁Per former ▁ ▁Mar vin ▁' Sm itt
y ' ▁Smith ▁as ▁Jazz ▁Club ▁Per former ▁ ▁Char nett ▁M off ett ▁as ▁Jazz ▁Club ▁Per former ▁ ▁Full ▁Force ▁ ▁Michael ▁Ty lo ▁as ▁CE O ▁ ▁D ust in ▁Diam ond ▁as ▁Wait er ▁ ▁Jer ma ine ▁Jackson ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Kelly ▁R uther ford ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁Tra ci ▁B ingham ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁L ark ▁Voor h ies ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁Marc ▁P iac enza ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Mark ▁Bre land ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Art ▁Gar f unk el ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Kim ▁Gar f unk el ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁James ▁Gar f unk el ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁St ace y ▁Murray ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁Jer od ▁Mix on ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Jam al ▁Mix on ▁as ▁Him self ▁ ▁Y ol anda ▁' Y o - Y o ' ▁Wh itt aker ▁as ▁H ers elf ▁ ▁Ch ick ▁H ear n ▁as ▁Ann oun cer ▁ ▁Robert ▁' K ool ' ▁Bell ▁as ▁Ann oun cer ▁ ▁Jo Jo ▁Wright ▁as ▁Ann oun cer ▁ ▁Cub by ▁Bry ant ▁as ▁Stock ▁Re porter ▁ ▁James ▁Bre tt ▁R ice ▁as ▁Old er ▁V alet ▁ ▁Lyn n ▁Har less ▁as ▁Country ▁Club ▁Pat ron ▁ ▁Ron ▁Y uan ▁as ▁Friend ▁# 4 ▁ ▁Car rie ▁Stevens ▁as ▁Wait ress ▁ ▁Jo el ▁Red lin ▁as ▁Ch ipp end ales ▁U sh er ▁ ▁Sound track ▁The ▁sound track
▁to ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁March ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁via ▁Trans cont inental ▁Records . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁brand ▁new ▁record ings ▁from ▁NS Y NC ▁and ▁O - T own ▁especially ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁▁ ▁" Fe el ▁the ▁Love " ▁- ▁NS Y NC ▁ ▁" Me ▁( Bo om ▁Sh el ak , ▁Lak , ▁Bo om )" ▁- ▁L FO ▁ ▁" See ▁You ▁Again " ▁- ▁O - T own ▁ ▁" Put ▁Your ▁Ar ms ▁Ar ound ▁Me " ▁- ▁Natural ▁ ▁" Let ' s ▁Get ▁this ▁Party ▁Start ed " ▁- ▁Take ▁ 5 ▁ ▁" W ishing ▁on ▁Every ▁Star " ▁- ▁In nos ense ▁ ▁" So ▁O ften " ▁- ▁C - Note ▁ ▁" It ▁Don ' t ▁B other ▁Me " ▁- ▁B ri zz ▁ ▁" She ' s ▁a ▁Myst ery " ▁- ▁Be cker ▁ ▁" In ▁and ▁Out " ▁- ▁Ali ▁De e ▁ ▁" I ▁Just ▁W anna ▁( Be ▁with ▁You )" ▁- ▁Bon ▁Vo y age ▁ ▁" H appy " ▁- ▁K eli ▁Mich a els ▁ ▁" F all ▁in ▁Love " ▁- ▁N icole ▁Carter ▁ ▁" A ▁Re ason ▁to ▁Love ▁Me " ▁- ▁Jo ey ▁S cul th or pe ▁ ▁" Long shot ▁Th eme " ▁- ▁L alo ▁Sch if rin ▁ ▁" Long shot ▁Th eme " ▁( Rem ix ) ▁- ▁L alo ▁Sch if rin
▁ ▁" Com at ose " ▁and ▁" All ▁Ar ound " ▁- ▁Jay me er ▁were ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁ch ase ▁scene . ▁ ▁Production ▁About ▁one - third ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁service - produ ced ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁which ▁double d ▁up ▁as ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁within ▁the ▁film , ▁under ▁contract ▁with ▁The ▁Dan for th ▁Studios ▁Ltd , ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁of ▁Space Work s ▁Entertainment ▁Inc . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁complete ▁commercial ▁failure , ▁taking ▁in ▁now here ▁near ▁the ▁$ 2 0 ▁million ▁it ▁cost ▁to ▁film ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁also ▁p anned ▁by ▁critics , ▁who ▁claimed ▁that ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁pop ▁acts ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁later ▁claimed ▁to ▁have ▁only ▁appeared ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁pay ▁they ▁would ▁receive ▁for ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Release ▁Long shot ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the at res ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁in ▁Germany , ▁where ▁all ▁of ▁Pear l man ' s ▁boy b ands ▁had ▁enjoyed ▁success ▁long ▁before ▁their ▁international ▁deb uts . ▁It ▁was ▁never ▁released ▁to ▁the aters ▁in ▁United ▁States , ▁instead ▁being ▁shown ▁on ▁the ▁Disney ▁Channel ▁as ▁a ▁television ▁movie , ▁and ▁later ▁released ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁on ▁video ▁and ▁DVD ▁as ▁a ▁home ▁entertain ment ▁release . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁also ▁pack aged ▁with ▁copies ▁of ▁Cross ro ads ,
▁a ▁film ▁which ▁star red ▁Spe ars , ▁in ▁selected ▁F Y E ▁stores ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁V HS ▁and ▁DVD ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁by ▁Spart an ▁Home ▁Entertainment . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁NS Y NC : ▁Justin ▁Tim ber la ke ▁as ▁V alet , ▁Joseph ▁F at one ▁as ▁P izza ▁Che f , ▁Josh ua ▁Ch ase z ▁as ▁P izza ▁Che f , ▁Christopher ▁Kirk pat rick ▁as ▁Pat ron , ▁and ▁L ance ▁Bass ▁as ▁Fl ight ▁Engine er ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁O - T own : ▁Ash ley ▁Parker ▁Angel , ▁Daniel ▁Miller , ▁Erik ▁E str ada , ▁Tre vor ▁Pen ick , ▁and ▁Jacob ▁Under wood ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁L FO : ▁Brad ▁F isch etti , ▁Rich ▁C ron in , ▁[ De vin ▁Lima ]], ▁and ▁Brian ▁' B ri zz ' ▁Gill is ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁In nos ense : ▁Nik ki ▁Del o ach , ▁Ver onica ▁Lee ▁Finn , ▁ ▁M andy ▁Ash ford , ▁Dan ay ▁Fer rer , ▁and ▁Jen ny ▁Morris ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁Take ▁ 5 : ▁Ryan ▁Good ell , ▁Jeff rey ▁' Cl ay ' ▁Good ell , ▁Ste vie ▁S cul th or pe , ▁Tim othy ▁' T . J .' ▁Christ of ore , ▁and ▁T il ky ▁Jones ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁C - Note
: ▁Jose ▁' Bro dy ' ▁Mart ine z , ▁David ▁Pérez , ▁Andrew ▁Rog ers , ▁and ▁Ra úl ▁Mol ina ▁▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁Full ▁Force : ▁Lou ▁George , ▁Paul ▁A . ▁George , ▁\| B rian ▁George , ▁Curt is ▁B ede au , ▁Hugh ▁Clar ke , ▁and ▁Ger ard ▁Charles ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : American ▁te en ▁films ▁Category : American ▁te en ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁L alo ▁Sch if rin <0x0A> </s> ▁" K a ifi " ▁( ), ▁ ▁real ▁name ▁K if ay at ▁H uss ain ▁Bh atti ▁( ), ▁ ▁( 1 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁Gu j rat ▁– ▁ 1 3 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁L ah ore ) ▁was ▁the ▁younger ▁brother ▁of ▁the ▁legend ary ▁P un j abi ▁singer ▁and ▁actor ▁In ay at ▁H uss ain ▁Bh atti . ▁Both ▁brothers ▁worked ▁with ▁each ▁other ▁to ▁make ▁some ▁highly ▁successful ▁films ▁in ▁Pakistan . ▁Ka ife e ▁himself ▁was ▁a ▁film ▁actor ▁and ▁a ▁film ▁director . ▁ ▁Career ▁His ▁first ▁film ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁film ▁director ▁was ▁Mu on h ▁Z or ▁( 1 9 6 6 ), ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁silver ▁j ub ile e ▁hit ▁film , ▁while ▁his ▁second ▁film ▁Ch ann ▁Mak h na ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁became
▁a ▁super ▁hit ▁golden ▁j ub ile e ▁film . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁he ▁introduced ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁film ▁hero ▁in ▁film ▁S aj jan ▁Py ara ▁( 1 9 6 8 ). ▁His ▁third ▁film ▁was ▁J ind ▁Jan ▁( 1 9 6 9 ). ▁ ▁I sh q ▁De ev ana ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁was ▁another ▁golden ▁j ub ile e ▁film ▁and ▁his ▁film ▁Z ul m ▁da ▁Bad la ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁celebrated ▁diam ond ▁j ub ile e . ▁ ▁Major ▁popular ▁films ▁Ka ife e ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁top - r ated ▁music ▁direct ors ▁of ▁Pakistan ▁including ▁Gh ul am ▁Ah med ▁Ch is ht i , ▁B akh sh i ▁W az ir , ▁M . ▁Ash raf , ▁Master ▁In ay at ▁H uss ain ▁and ▁U stad ▁T af u ▁to ▁help ▁make ▁his ▁films ▁popular . ▁ ▁List ed ▁below ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁successful ▁films : ▁ ▁Mu on ▁Z or ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁- ▁His ▁debut ▁as ▁a ▁film ▁director ▁ ▁S aj jan ▁Py ara ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ ▁Ch ann ▁Mak h na ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁- ▁A ▁' G old en ▁J ub ile e ' ▁super - hit ▁film ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁ ▁J ind ▁Jan ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁Dun ia ▁Mat lab ▁Di ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ ▁I
sh q ▁De ev ana ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Z ul m ▁Da ▁Bad la ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁ ▁Challenge ▁( 1 9 7 4 ) ▁ ▁Ult imat um ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁Jag ga ▁Gu j jar ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁D ank ay ▁Di ▁Cho at ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁Ma ula ▁J att ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Je ed ar ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁G ern ail ▁Singh ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁I sh q ▁Rog ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Pe eng a an ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Ka ife e ▁directed ▁ 3 1 ▁films ▁and ▁acted ▁in ▁almost ▁ 8 0 ▁films . ▁Only ▁two ▁of ▁his ▁films ▁as ▁director ▁were ▁in ▁Ur du ▁language , ▁B ikh ray ▁Mot i ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁and ▁Rot i , ▁Kap ra ▁aur ▁In sa an ▁( 1 9 7 7 ). ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁film ▁was ▁in ▁S ira iki ▁language , ▁R abb ▁da ▁Ro op ▁( 1 9 7 5 ). ▁ ▁His ▁last ▁film ▁as ▁director ▁was ▁M era ▁Mah i ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Ka ife e ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁ ▁film ▁actress ▁Gh az ala ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁and ▁their ▁son ▁As ad ▁Ka ife e ▁became ▁an
▁actor , ▁and ▁later ▁to ▁actress ▁Ch ak ori ▁whom ▁he ▁divor ced ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁of ▁marriage ▁with ▁Leg end ▁S ind hi ▁cinema ▁actor ▁Mus ht a q ▁Change zi . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁his ▁birth day ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁age ▁ 6 6 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Film ography ▁of ▁Ka ife e ▁on ▁Complete ▁Index ▁To ▁World ▁Film ▁( C IT WF ) ▁website ▁Film ography ▁of ▁K if ay at ▁H uss ain ▁Bh atti ▁( nick name : K a ife e ) ▁on ▁IMDb ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : P un j abi ▁people ▁Category : P ak ist ani ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : P ak ist ani ▁film ▁direct ors <0x0A> </s> ▁Sum it ▁J ain ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁software ▁engineer ▁and ▁Internet ▁entrepr ene ur , ▁He ▁started ▁online ▁real - est ate ▁ ▁portal ▁Common floor . com ▁for ▁property ▁seek ers ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Prior ▁to ▁that , ▁he ▁used ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁Oracle . ▁As ▁the ▁co - found er ▁and ▁CE O , ▁Sum it ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁driving ▁the ▁strateg ic ▁direction ▁for ▁Common F loor ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁deliver ing ▁on ▁company ▁goals . ▁On ▁ 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the
▁class ified s ▁advert ising ▁platform ▁Qu ik r ▁announced ▁that ▁they ▁acquired ▁Common F loor . ▁After ▁ 1 ▁year ▁of ▁ac quisition , ▁Sum it ▁moved ▁out ▁of ▁Qu ik r . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Sum it ▁along ▁with ▁Co - Found er ▁Ash w ani ▁J ain ▁launched ▁Op ent alk , ▁a ▁social ▁voice ▁app ▁aim ed ▁to ▁help ▁users ▁become ▁better ▁at ▁speaking ▁English ▁by ▁talking ▁with ▁other ▁English ▁speak ers . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Born ▁and ▁brought ▁up ▁in ▁Kh ata uli , ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁in ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh , ▁India . ▁Sum it ' s ▁ ▁father ▁had ▁a ▁shop ▁where ▁he ▁sold ▁building ▁products , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁spent ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁time ▁when ▁ ▁a ▁child , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁his ▁father ▁left ▁the ▁store ▁under ▁his ▁care ▁for ▁days , ▁telling ▁him ▁not ▁to ▁call ▁him ▁for ▁any ▁reason . ▁ ▁Career ▁Sum it ▁graduated ▁as ▁a ▁computer ▁engineer ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁Ro or kee ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁After ▁a ▁short ▁spell ▁with ▁Oracle ▁Server ▁Techn ologies , ▁he ▁decided ▁to ▁start ▁his ▁own ▁business ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁he ▁started ▁Common floor . com ▁with ▁L al it ▁Mang al ▁and ▁Vik as ▁Mal p ani . ▁He ▁sold ▁Common F loor ▁to ▁Qu ik r ▁in ▁Jan ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁worked ▁with ▁Qu ik r ▁for ▁a ▁year . ▁He ▁started
▁Op ent alk ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁along ▁with ▁Ash w ani ▁J ain . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁recognition ▁ ▁Fort une ▁ 4 0 ▁Under ▁ 4 0 ▁▁ ▁Data quest ’ s ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 5 ▁Hot ▁Indian ▁Web ▁ 2 . 0 ▁start - ups ▁ ▁Business ▁World ▁H ott est ▁Young ▁Entre pr ene urs ▁ ▁List ed ▁in ▁Power ▁Pro files ▁in ▁India ▁for ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Young er ▁Ach ie ver ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 1 5 ' ▁by ▁National ▁Awards ▁for ▁Ex cell ence ▁in ▁Real ▁Est ate ▁& ▁In frastr ucture ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Sum it ▁J ain ▁on ▁Facebook ▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Bang al ore ▁Category : Ind ian ▁software ▁engine ers ▁Category : Engine ers ▁from ▁K arn ata ka ▁Category : Ind ian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁Ro or kee ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mu za ff arn agar ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Jan et ▁B ately ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁academic , ▁the ▁Sir ▁Israel ▁G oll an cz ▁Professor ▁Emer it us ▁of ▁English ▁Language ▁and ▁Med ieval ▁Liter ature , ▁King ' s ▁College ▁London , ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁B ately ▁has ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁Som er ville ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁ ▁B
ately ▁was ▁elected ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Academy ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁and ▁a ▁C BE ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁She ▁is ▁an ▁Honor ary ▁Fellow ▁of ▁Som er ville ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁King ' s ▁College ▁London ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Academy ▁Category : Command ers ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Som er ville ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁Som er ville ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Nin fa ▁Seg ar ra ▁( born ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁is ▁the ▁last ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Board ▁of ▁Education . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁when ▁the ▁Board ▁was ▁abol ished ▁by ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁schools ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Mayor ▁Michael ▁Blo om berg . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁ ▁Nin fa ▁Seg ar ra ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁working - class ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁parents ▁and ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁La Gu ard ia ▁H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁Lower ▁East ▁Side . ▁She ▁attended ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Sor rows ▁par och ial ▁school ▁and ▁C
athedral ▁High ▁School . ▁In ▁the ▁nin th ▁grade , ▁she ▁began ▁joining ▁protest s ▁champion ing ▁Lat ino ▁rights . ▁While ▁att ending ▁New ▁York ▁University ▁( N Y U ) ▁for ▁under grad , ▁she ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁AS PI RA ▁Association , ▁a ▁left ▁lean ing ▁group ▁that ▁works ▁to ▁emp ower ▁Lat ino ▁youth . ▁She ▁received ▁her ▁b ach elor ' s ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁and ▁attended ▁New ▁York ▁Law ▁School , ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Following ▁her ▁gradu ation ▁from ▁law ▁school , ▁Seg ar ra ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁Mayor ▁Ed ▁Koch ▁to ▁the ▁Mayor ' s ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Hand ic apped ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁V oter ▁Ass istance ▁Commission ▁as ▁executive ▁director . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁then ▁Bron x ▁Bor ough ▁President ▁Fernando ▁Fer rer ▁appointed ▁Seg ar ra ▁to ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Education ▁having ▁promised ▁to ▁appoint ▁a ▁Lat ino ▁with ▁children ▁in ▁the ▁school ▁system ▁during ▁his ▁election ▁campaign . ▁On ▁the ▁Board , ▁Seg ar ra ▁became ▁a ▁voice ▁for ▁conserv ative ▁social ▁values , ▁most ▁not ably ▁her ▁role ▁against ▁School s ▁Chan cell or ▁Joseph ▁A . ▁Fern ande z ▁in ▁a ▁debate ▁over ▁cond oms ▁and ▁social ▁issues ▁feeling ▁they ▁should ▁be ▁taught ▁at ▁schools ▁cit ing ▁the ▁A ID S ▁ep ide mic . ▁As ▁a ▁Dem ocrat , ▁she ▁later ▁joined ▁three ▁conserv ative ▁voices ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁against ▁an ▁opt
▁out ▁plan ▁for ▁parents ▁who ▁didn ' t ▁want ▁their ▁children ▁to ▁be ▁taught ▁these ▁issues . ▁This ▁t ipped ▁the ▁balance ▁of ▁power , ▁cancel led ▁the ▁whole ▁program , ▁and ▁prompt ed ▁Fern ande z ▁to ▁call ▁her ▁a ▁" polit ical ▁prost itute ." ▁She ▁again ▁joined ▁forces ▁with ▁the ▁conserv atives ▁to ▁cancel ▁Fern ande z ' s ▁contract ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁She ▁later ▁ran ▁af oul ▁of ▁Fer rer , ▁who ▁asked ▁her ▁to ▁res ign . ▁She ▁dismiss ed ▁the ▁calls ▁for ▁her ▁res ignation ▁and ▁end ors ed ▁Rud y ▁Giul iani ▁for ▁mayor ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁After ▁being ▁elected ▁mayor ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Giul iani ' s ▁first ▁appointment ▁was ▁of ▁Seg ar ra ▁as ▁a ▁Deput y ▁Mayor ▁for ▁Education ▁and ▁Human ▁Services ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁As ▁deput y ▁mayor , ▁Seg ar ra ▁o vers aw ▁education , ▁health , ▁and ▁youth ▁issues ▁for ▁the ▁mayor , ▁along ▁with ▁community ▁out re ach . ▁Crit ics ▁took ▁issue ▁with ▁her ▁appointment ▁cit ing ▁her ▁lack ▁of ▁experience ▁in ▁the ▁diverse ▁fields ▁and ▁experience ▁running ▁only ▁a ▁small ▁city ▁ag ency . ▁Giul iani ▁also ▁appointed ▁Seg ar ra ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁two ▁app o inte es ▁to ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Education ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁Ser ving ▁in ▁two ▁roles ▁government ▁roles ▁placed ▁Seg ar ra ▁in ▁a ▁political ▁spot light . ▁Crit ics
▁c ited ▁a ▁conflict ▁of ▁interest , ▁saying ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Mayor ▁is ▁beh old en ▁to ▁the ▁mayor al ▁administration ▁and ▁by ▁holding ▁that ▁role , ▁Seg ar ra ▁wouldn ' t ▁effectively ▁advoc ate ▁for ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁she ▁became ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁and ▁supported ▁its ▁abol ition ▁by ▁Giul iani ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁In ▁total , ▁M s . ▁Seg ar ra ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Education ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁to ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Seg ar ra ▁stepped ▁down ▁as ▁deput y ▁mayor ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁to ▁first ▁assume ▁a ▁position ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁( C UN Y ) ▁as ▁vice ▁president ▁for ▁inter camp us ▁collaboration . ▁She ▁became ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Police ▁Museum ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁after ▁being ▁unable ▁to ▁provide ▁her ▁work ▁sched ules ▁at ▁C UN Y ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁request ▁file d ▁by ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁union . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Seg ar ra ▁met ▁her ▁first ▁husband , ▁Jose ▁Seg ar ra ▁while ▁att ending ▁NY U . ▁The ▁couple ▁later ▁had ▁two ▁children , ▁Pablo ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁and ▁A ly nd a ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 7 ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Seg ar ra ▁split ▁from ▁Seg ar ra ,
▁and ▁Pablo ▁lived ▁with ▁him ▁while ▁A ly nd a ▁lived ▁with ▁her ▁a unt ▁and ▁uncle ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x . ▁A ly nd a ▁later ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁become ▁front w oman ▁of ▁Hur ray ▁for ▁the ▁R iff ▁R aff . ▁She ▁later ▁rem ar ried ▁Larry ▁All ison . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁law y ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Bron x ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁politics ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁Ph orm ium ▁col ens oi ▁( syn . ▁Ph orm ium ▁cook ian um ; ▁mountain ▁fla x , ▁less er ▁New ▁Zealand ▁fla x , ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁in ▁M ā ori ) ▁is ▁a ▁per enn ial ▁plant ▁that ▁is ▁native ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁It ▁is ▁less ▁common ▁than ▁the ▁other ▁Ph orm ium ▁species , ▁P . ▁ten ax . ▁The ▁green ish , ▁yellow ▁or ▁orange ▁flowers ▁are ▁followed ▁by ▁tw isted ▁seed ▁pod s . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁leaves ▁are ▁under ▁ 2 ▁metres ▁in ▁length ▁while ▁those ▁of ▁P . ▁ten ax ▁range ▁from ▁ 1 ▁to ▁ 3 ▁metres ▁in ▁length . ▁The ▁sc ape ▁is ▁much ▁shorter ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁P . ▁ten ax , ▁rising ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 ▁metres ▁in ▁height ▁while ▁that ▁of ▁P . ▁ten ax ▁is ▁around ▁ 5 ▁metres ▁in ▁height . ▁The ▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁inner ▁te p als ▁is
▁green ▁while ▁the ▁outer ▁te p als ▁are ▁yellow ▁to ▁red . ▁In ▁contrast ▁the ▁te p als ▁of ▁P . ▁ten ax ▁are ▁a ▁d ull ▁red , ▁with ▁the ▁tips ▁of ▁the ▁inner ▁te p als ▁being ▁less ▁strongly ▁rec ur ved . ▁The ▁caps ules ▁of ▁P . ▁col ens oi , ▁unlike ▁those ▁of ▁P . ▁ten ax ▁are ▁tw isted ▁and ▁p end ul ous , ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁twice ▁as ▁long ▁( up ▁to ▁ 2 0 cm ▁in ▁length ). ▁ ▁Ph orm ium ▁col ens oi ▁has ▁two ▁distinct ▁ge ographic ▁forms , ▁one ▁occurr ing ▁in ▁low land ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Island , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁and ▁mountain ous ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Island ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ranges ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Island . ▁The ▁low land ▁form ▁has ▁green ▁or ▁yellow ▁te p als ▁and ▁the ▁mountain ▁form ▁has ▁red ▁te p als . ▁In ▁the ▁Cook ▁Stra it ▁area , ▁both ▁forms ▁and ▁inter medi ates ▁can ▁be ▁found . ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁The ▁species ▁was ▁originally ▁mentioned ▁without ▁description ▁by ▁William ▁Col enso , ▁the ▁name ▁being ▁given ▁as ▁Ph orm ium ▁for ster ian um . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁P . ▁col ens oi , ▁a ▁name ▁that ▁was ▁listed ▁without ▁description ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁by ▁J . ▁D . ▁Hook er . ▁The ▁name ▁became ▁better ▁known ▁from ▁J . ▁D . ▁Hook er ' s ▁ 1 8 6
4 ▁publication ▁in ▁Hand book ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Flora . ▁However , ▁previously , ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 , ▁August e ▁François ▁Le ▁J olis ▁had ▁described ▁the ▁species ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁P . ▁cook ian um , ▁and ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁this ▁name ▁was ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁priority ▁over ▁Hook er ' s ▁name ▁P . ▁col ens oi . ▁The ▁latter ▁is ▁now ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁accepted ▁name , ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁brief ▁description ▁of ▁the ▁species ▁in ▁a ▁quot ation ▁from ▁J . D . ▁Hook er ▁in ▁an ▁article ▁by ▁August e ▁Le ▁J olis ▁in ▁the ▁Rev ue ▁H ort icole ▁of ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁Another ▁spec imen , ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁identical ▁to ▁a ▁plant ▁found ▁by ▁Ron ald ▁G unn ▁at ▁the ▁Wh ang an ui ▁River ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 , ▁was ▁described ▁from ▁a ▁plant ▁growing ▁in ▁a ▁garden ▁in ▁Tor qu ay , ▁England ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁name ▁P . ▁hook eri ▁( l ater ▁reduced ▁to ▁a ▁sub species ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁P . ▁cook ian um ▁sub sp . ▁hook eri ). ▁This ▁name ▁is ▁also ▁now ▁regarded ▁as ▁a ▁syn onym ▁of ▁P . ▁col ens oi . ▁ ▁Cult iv ars ▁N umer ous ▁cultiv ars ▁of ▁this ▁species ▁have ▁been ▁selected ▁for ▁cultiv ation ▁( th ose ▁marked ▁ ▁have ▁gained ▁the ▁Royal ▁H ort icult ural ▁Society ' s ▁Award
▁of ▁Garden ▁Mer it ): - ▁ ▁' Black ▁Ad der ' ▁ ▁' C ream ▁Del ight ' ▁' D ark ▁Del ight ' ▁has ▁deep - red ▁leaves ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 . 2 ▁metres ▁in ▁length ▁' D uet ', ▁a ▁d war f ▁cultiv ar ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 0 cm ▁in ▁height ▁with ▁cre am ▁and ▁green ▁var ieg ated ▁fol i age ▁' F lam ingo ' ▁' G old en ▁Wonder ' ▁' Ma ori ▁Ma iden ' ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁' R ain bow ▁Ma iden '), ▁an ▁ere ct ▁growing ▁cultiv ar ▁with ▁leaves ▁to ▁ 1 ▁met re ▁in ▁length ▁with ▁bronze ▁stri pes ▁' S und owner ', ▁a ▁cultiv ar ▁with ▁very ▁long ▁leaves ▁which ▁are ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 . 8 ▁metres ▁long . ▁These ▁have ▁a ▁pur ple ▁centre ▁and ▁cre am ▁edges . ▁' T ric ol or ', ▁an ▁u pr ight ▁cultiv ar ▁that ▁has ▁leaves ▁with ▁red , ▁yellow ▁and ▁green ▁stri pes . ▁The ▁flowers ▁are ▁pale ▁yellow ish - green . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁d war f ▁cultiv ar , ▁and ▁hy brid ▁cultiv ars ▁have ▁been ▁selected ▁from ▁cross es ▁with ▁Ph orm ium ▁ten ax . ▁P . ▁col ens oi ▁cultiv ars ▁are ▁regarded ▁as ▁less ▁hard y ▁than ▁other ▁Ph orm ium ▁cultiv ars . ▁ ▁Us es ▁ ▁N umer ous ▁traditional ▁cultiv ars ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁M ā ori ▁people ▁for
▁various ▁purposes : ▁ ▁Wh ar ar iki ▁- ▁a ▁variety ▁from ▁U re wer a ▁has ▁a ▁superior ▁fib re ▁quality ▁that ▁may ▁be ▁ ▁w oven ▁into ▁a ▁soft ▁k ete ▁( trad itional ▁M ā ori ▁ ▁basket ). ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁slight ▁yellow ▁colour ation ▁when ▁d ried . ▁Another ▁variety ▁from ▁T air ā wh iti ▁is ▁suitable ▁for ▁soft ▁b ask ets , ▁r or ou ▁and ▁to ys . ▁Wh aka ari ▁- ▁a ▁variety ▁with ▁leaves ▁suitable ▁for ▁we aving ▁k etes , ▁but ▁less ▁suitable ▁than ▁other ▁cultiv ars ▁for ▁pi up iu ▁( M ā ori ▁sk ir ts ). ▁The ▁leaves ▁have ▁strong ▁bl ades ▁and ▁dry ▁naturally ▁to ▁a ▁deep ▁green ▁colour , ▁or ▁to ▁a ▁pale ▁green ish - fa wn ▁after ▁being ▁bo iled ▁for ▁a ▁minute . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H emer oc all ido ide ae ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : G arden ▁plants ▁Category : G arden ▁plants ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : Per enn ial ▁plants ▁Category : End em ic ▁fl ora ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand <0x0A> </s> ▁Le ▁H érie - la - V i é ville ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁A is ne ▁department ▁in ▁Haut s - de - France ▁in ▁northern ▁France . ▁ ▁Population ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁A is ne ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁A is ne ▁Category : A is
ne ▁communes ▁articles ▁need ing ▁translation ▁from ▁French ▁Wikipedia <0x0A> </s> ▁Index ▁Pe ak , ▁el . ▁, ▁is ▁a ▁prominent ▁mountain ▁peak ▁in ▁the ▁Abs ar oka ▁Range ▁in ▁Park ▁County , ▁Wy oming . ▁ ▁The ▁peak ▁is ▁visible ▁from ▁US ▁Route ▁ 2 1 2 , ▁the ▁Be art ooth ▁Highway ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁N ortheast ▁En tr ance ▁Station ▁to ▁Y ellow stone ▁National ▁Park . ▁ ▁Pil ot ▁Pe ak ▁r ises ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁Index ▁Pe ak . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Wy oming <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁E aster lin ▁par ado x ▁is ▁a ▁finding ▁in ▁happiness ▁econom ics ▁form ulated ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁by ▁Richard ▁E aster lin , ▁then ▁professor ▁of ▁econom ics ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁econom ist ▁to ▁study ▁happiness ▁data . ▁The ▁par ado x ▁states ▁that ▁at ▁a ▁point ▁in ▁time ▁happiness ▁var ies ▁directly ▁with ▁income ▁both ▁among ▁and ▁within ▁nations , ▁but ▁over ▁time ▁happiness ▁does ▁not ▁tr end ▁up ward ▁as ▁income ▁continues ▁to ▁grow . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁contradiction ▁between ▁the ▁point - of - time ▁and ▁time ▁series ▁find ings ▁that ▁is ▁the ▁root ▁of ▁the ▁par ado x . ▁Vari ous ▁theories ▁have ▁been ▁advanced ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁Par ado x , ▁but ▁the ▁Par ado x ▁itself ▁is ▁sole ly ▁an ▁empir ical ▁general ization . ▁The ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁par ado x ▁has ▁been ▁strongly ▁disput ed ▁by ▁other
▁research ers . ▁ ▁Ev idence ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁par ado x ▁was ▁United ▁States ▁data . ▁Sub sequently , ▁supporting ▁find ings ▁were ▁given ▁for ▁other ▁developed ▁nations , ▁and , ▁more ▁recently ▁for ▁less ▁developed ▁countries ▁and ▁countries ▁transition ing ▁from ▁social ism ▁to ▁capital ism . ▁The ▁original ▁conclusion ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁data ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 0 ; ▁later ▁evidence ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁confirmed ▁the ▁initial ▁finding — the ▁tr end ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁happiness ▁has ▁been ▁flat ▁or ▁even ▁slightly ▁negative ▁over ▁a ▁roughly ▁seven ▁dec ades ▁stretch ▁in ▁which ▁real ▁in comes ▁more ▁than ▁triple d . ▁ ▁The ▁time ▁series ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁par ado x ▁refers ▁to ▁long - term ▁tr ends . ▁As ▁the ▁economy ▁exp ands ▁and ▁contract s , ▁fl uct u ations ▁in ▁happiness ▁occur ▁together ▁with ▁those ▁in ▁income , ▁but ▁the ▁fl uct u ations ▁in ▁income ▁occur ▁around ▁a ▁rising ▁tr end ▁line , ▁whereas ▁those ▁in ▁happiness ▁take ▁place ▁around ▁a ▁horizontal ▁tr end ▁line . ▁The ▁par ado x ▁refers , ▁not ▁to ▁the ▁fl uct u ations , ▁but ▁to ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁a ▁synchron ous ▁relation ▁between ▁the ▁tr ends . ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁Ob jections ▁to ▁the ▁par ado x ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁time ▁series ▁general ization , ▁that ▁tr ends ▁in ▁happiness ▁and ▁income ▁are ▁not ▁related . ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 0
8 ▁article ▁econom ists ▁Bet sey ▁Stevens on ▁and ▁Justin ▁Wolf ers ▁state ▁that ▁“ the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁E aster lin ▁par ado x ▁lies ▁in ▁E aster lin ’ s ▁failure ▁to ▁isol ate ▁statist ically ▁significant ▁relationships ▁between ▁average ▁levels ▁of ▁happiness ▁and ▁economic ▁growth ▁through ▁time ,” ▁and ▁present ▁time ▁series ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁significant ▁positive ▁statistical ▁association ▁between ▁happiness ▁and ▁income . ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁article ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁authors ▁and ▁Daniel ▁S acks ▁returns ▁to ▁this ▁time ▁series ▁criticism ▁with ▁new ▁data , ▁though ▁at ▁times ▁the ▁article ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁the ▁par ado x ▁is ▁a ▁contradiction ▁between ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁cross ▁section ▁evidence ▁-- ▁data ▁for ▁persons ▁and ▁for ▁countries . ▁Out side ▁of ▁econom ics , ▁two ▁found ing ▁f athers ▁in ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁self - report ed ▁happiness , ▁Ed ▁Di ener ▁in ▁psych ology , ▁and ▁Ru ut ▁Ve en h oven ▁in ▁soci ology , ▁have ▁each , ▁with ▁their ▁collabor ators , ▁also ▁presented ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁significantly ▁positive ▁time ▁series ▁relationship . ▁A ▁re but tal ▁by ▁E aster lin ▁points ▁out ▁that ▁these ▁studies ▁do ▁not ▁focus ▁on ▁ident ifying ▁long ▁term ▁tr ends ; ▁rather , ▁they ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁time ▁series ▁that ▁are ▁short ▁or ▁have ▁only ▁two ▁observations ▁– in ▁both ▁cases ▁ins u fficient ▁observations ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁tr end . ▁The ▁positive ▁association ▁they ▁present ▁is ▁that ▁between ▁the ▁fl uct u ations ▁in ▁happiness ▁and ▁income ,
▁not ▁the ▁tr ends . ▁▁ ▁It ▁is ▁sometimes ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁fl atten ing ▁of ▁the ▁happiness ▁tr end ▁occurs ▁after ▁some ▁minimum ▁level ▁of ▁income . ▁No ▁time ▁series ▁evidence ▁has ▁been ▁advanced ▁to ▁support ▁this ▁claim , ▁and ▁time ▁series ▁for ▁China ▁and ▁Japan , ▁both ▁of ▁which ▁start ▁from ▁low ▁income ▁levels , ▁give ▁no ▁indic ation ▁of ▁a ▁threshold . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Sub jective ▁well - be ing ▁Econom ic ▁growth ▁Hed onic ▁t read mill ▁Progress ▁Wikip ro gress ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Clark , ▁A ., ▁P . ▁F rij ters , ▁and ▁M . ▁Sh ield s ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁“ Relative ▁In come , ▁H app iness , ▁and ▁Util ity : ▁An ▁Ex plan ation ▁for ▁the ▁E aster lin ▁Par ado x ▁and ▁Other ▁P uzz les ,” ▁Journal ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Liter ature : ▁ 4 6 ( 1 ), ▁ 9 5 - 1 4 4 . ▁ ▁Be ja , ▁E . ▁( 2 0 1 4 ). ▁“ In come ▁G row th ▁and ▁H app iness : ▁Re ass ess ment ▁of ▁the ▁E aster lin ▁Par ado x ,” ▁International ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ics : ▁ 6 1 ▁( 4 ), ▁ 3 2 9 - 3 4 6 . ▁ ▁De Ne ve , ▁J ., ▁D . ▁Ward , ▁G . ▁Ke ul ena er , ▁B . ▁van ▁L ande g hem , ▁G . ▁K av ets
os , ▁and ▁M . ▁N orton ▁( 2 0 1 8 ). ▁“ The ▁As ym metric ▁Exper ience ▁of ▁Pos itive ▁and ▁Neg ative ▁Econom ic ▁G row th : ▁Global ▁Ev idence ▁Using ▁Sub jective ▁Well - Be ing ▁Data ,” ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Statistics : ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( 2 ), ▁ 3 6 2 - 3 7 5 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Richard ▁E aster lin ' s ▁website ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁California ▁ ▁Category : E conom ics ▁par ado xes ▁Category : H app iness ▁Category : G ross ▁domestic ▁product <0x0A> </s> ▁Ash ley ▁Ne al ▁( born ▁ 1 6 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁former ▁professional ▁association ▁footballer , ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁def ender . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Liverpool ▁player ▁Phil ▁Ne al . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Ne al ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁Bright on ▁& ▁H ove ▁Alb ion . ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁league ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁defeat ▁to ▁North am pton ▁Town . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁free ▁transfer ▁to ▁Peter borough ▁United , ▁Ne al ▁made ▁ 9 ▁total ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁club . ▁His ▁first ▁came ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁victory ▁versus ▁Pr eston ▁North ▁End . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁FA ▁Cup ▁appearance ▁versus ▁D agen ham ▁& ▁Red
bridge ▁on ▁ 6 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Major ▁injury ▁led ▁Ne al ▁to ▁an ▁early ▁ret irement ▁from ▁the ▁game . ▁Now ▁retired ▁from ▁football , ▁he ▁works ▁as ▁a ▁driving ▁instruct or . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Ash ley ▁Ne al ▁D riv ing ▁School ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁North am pton ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : L iver pool ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B right on ▁& ▁H ove ▁Alb ion ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : H ud ders field ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Peter borough ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Canadian ▁found ▁foot age ▁super natural ▁horror ▁film . ▁The ▁foot age ▁follows ▁the ▁crew ▁of ▁a ▁par an ormal ▁reality ▁television ▁program ▁who ▁lock ▁themselves ▁in ▁a ▁ha unted ▁psych iat ric ▁hospital ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁evidence ▁of ▁par an ormal ▁activity ▁as ▁they ▁shoot ▁what ▁ends ▁up ▁becoming ▁their ▁final ▁episode . ▁ ▁Writ ten ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Col in ▁M ini han ▁and ▁Stuart ▁Ort iz , ▁the ▁film ▁premier ed ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁at ▁the ▁Trib eca ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁received ▁mostly ▁mixed ▁reviews . ▁The ▁film
▁was ▁released ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁in ▁select ▁the aters ▁using ▁the ▁Event ful ▁Dem and ▁It ▁and ▁Video ▁on ▁Dem and ▁via ▁Com cast . ▁The ▁film ▁premier ed ▁intern ation ally ▁in ▁Italy ▁via ▁distrib utor ▁E agle ▁Pictures ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁ESP ▁Fen omen i ▁Par an orm ali ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁tra iler ▁for ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁vir al ▁sens ation , ▁generating ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁million ▁views . ▁▁ ▁Despite ▁its ▁mixed ▁reviews , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁box ▁office ▁hit , ▁sp aw ning ▁a ▁sequ el ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Jerry ▁Hart field ▁is ▁the ▁producer ▁of ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters , ▁a ▁reality ▁television ▁program ▁directed ▁by ▁g host ▁h unter ▁L ance ▁Pr eston . ▁Hart field ▁explains ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁cancel led ▁after ▁five ▁episodes ▁following ▁the ▁disapp earance ▁of ▁its ▁crew , ▁and ▁presents ▁raw ▁scenes ▁from ▁recovered ▁foot age ▁of ▁the ▁sixth ▁and ▁final ▁episode . ▁The ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters ▁crew ▁consists ▁of ▁L ance , ▁occ ult ▁special ist ▁S asha ▁Parker , ▁surve ill ance ▁operator ▁Matt ▁White , ▁cam er aman ▁T . C . ▁Gib son , ▁and ▁fake ▁medium ▁Houston ▁Grey . ▁The ▁crew ▁is ▁invited ▁to ▁examine ▁the ▁abandoned ▁Col ling wood ▁Psych iat ric ▁Hospital , ▁where ▁un exp la ined ▁phen omena
▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁for ▁years . ▁The ▁hospital ▁w arden ▁takes ▁the ▁crew ▁on ▁a ▁day ▁tour ▁and ▁inform s ▁them ▁of ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁history , ▁particularly ▁of ▁a ▁doctor ▁named ▁Arthur ▁Fried kin , ▁who ▁performed ▁un eth ical ▁experiments ▁and ▁lo bot om ies ▁on ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁patients ▁before ▁being ▁killed ▁by ▁them . ▁The ▁crew ▁volunt arily ▁lock ▁themselves ▁inside ▁the ▁hospital ▁for ▁the ▁night ▁and ▁begin ▁their ▁investigation , ▁setting ▁up ▁camp ▁near ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁main ▁entrance . ▁No ▁par an ormal ▁activity ▁seems ▁to ▁occur ▁within ▁the ▁first ▁few ▁hours ▁of ▁the ▁investigation ▁until ▁a ▁door ▁sl ams ▁behind ▁T . C .. ▁The ▁crew ▁attempts ▁to ▁establish ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁invisible ▁entities ▁responsible ▁for ▁this ▁demonstr ation , ▁and ▁the ▁inc idents ▁soon ▁become ▁more ▁flag rant ▁and ▁host ile . ▁ ▁The ▁crew ▁begins ▁to ▁rep ack ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁the ▁w arden ▁un lock ing ▁the ▁hospital . ▁Matt ▁goes ▁to ▁recover ▁the ▁cam eras , ▁but ▁suddenly ▁disapp ears . ▁The ▁other ▁crew ▁members ▁spend ▁several ▁hours ▁searching ▁for ▁Matt ▁without ▁success , ▁and ▁the ▁w arden ▁has ▁not ▁yet ▁returned . ▁The ▁crew ▁forces ▁the ▁front ▁doors ▁open , ▁but ▁discover ▁that ▁they ▁lead ▁to ▁another ▁hall way , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁other ▁false ▁ex its . ▁The ▁crew ▁also ▁notes ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁still ▁night time ▁outside ▁the ▁building ▁when ▁their ▁clock s ▁indicate ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁well ▁past ▁morning . ▁In ▁their ▁continued
▁search ▁for ▁Matt ▁and ▁an ▁exit , ▁the ▁crew ▁enc oun ters ▁a ▁girl ▁whose ▁face ▁demon ically ▁dist ort s . ▁As ▁the ▁crew ▁fle es ▁in ▁fear , ▁Houston ▁is ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁others ▁and ▁is ▁str ang led ▁to ▁death ▁by ▁an ▁invisible ▁force . ▁When ▁the ▁crew ▁catch ▁their ▁breath , ▁they ▁discover ▁that ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁fitted ▁with ▁hospital ▁identification ▁bra ce lets ▁bearing ▁their ▁names . ▁The ▁crew ▁eventually ▁find ▁Matt , ▁we aring ▁a ▁hospital ▁g own ▁and ▁having ▁gone ▁mad ; ▁he ▁m umb les ▁n ons ense ▁about ▁his ▁apparent ▁mental ▁dis orders , ▁and ▁explains ▁that ▁the ▁only ▁means ▁of ▁escape ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁" c ured " ▁by ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁residents . ▁ ▁T . C . ▁is ▁pulled ▁into ▁a ▁blood - filled ▁bat ht ub ▁by ▁a ▁g host ▁and ▁disapp ears , ▁while ▁Matt ▁throws ▁himself ▁down ▁an ▁elev ator ▁sh aft ▁as ▁L ance ▁and ▁S asha ▁are ▁attacked ▁by ▁a ▁demon . ▁L ance ▁and ▁S asha ▁enter ▁the ▁t unn els ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁an ▁exit . ▁S asha ▁falls ▁ill ▁and ▁is ▁ab duct ed ▁by ▁a ▁mist ▁as ▁she ▁and ▁L ance ▁sleep . ▁The ▁ter r ified ▁and ▁un stable ▁L ance ▁wand ers ▁the ▁t unn els ▁alone ▁and ▁fe eds ▁on ▁live ▁r ats ▁to ▁surv ive . ▁He ▁finds ▁a ▁door ▁leading ▁into ▁Fried kin ' s ▁operating ▁room , ▁which ▁contains ▁an ▁alt ar ▁and ▁evidence ▁of
▁sat an ic ▁rit uals ▁and ▁black ▁magic . ▁He ▁turns ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁appar itions ▁of ▁Fried kin ▁and ▁several ▁n urs es , ▁who ▁drag ▁the ▁sc ream ing ▁L ance ▁to ▁an ▁operating ▁table . ▁The ▁camera ▁cut s ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁moments ▁before ▁it ▁is ▁turned ▁back ▁on ▁by ▁a ▁lo bot om ized ▁L ance , ▁who ▁proc laim s ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁c ured ▁and ▁allowed ▁to ▁leave . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Se an ▁Rog erson ▁as ▁L ance ▁Pr eston ▁Ash le igh ▁G ry z ko ▁as ▁S asha ▁Parker ▁Mer win ▁Mond es ir ▁as ▁T . C . ▁Gib son ▁Mack en zie ▁Gray ▁as ▁Houston ▁Grey ▁ ▁Fred ▁Ke ating ▁as ▁Gary ▁C raw ford ▁Juan ▁R ied inger ▁as ▁Matt ▁White ▁Arthur ▁Cor ber ▁as ▁Dr . ▁Arthur ▁Fried kin ▁Bob ▁R ath ie ▁as ▁Ken ny ▁Sand av ol ▁( C aret aker ) ▁Matthew ▁K . ▁Mc B ride ▁as ▁Spirit ual ▁Force ▁Ben ▁Wil kin son ▁as ▁Jerry ▁Hart field ▁Alex ▁Tim mer ▁as ▁The ▁T ong uel ess ▁Dem on ▁Eva ▁G iff ord ▁as ▁Dem on ▁Girl ▁M iche le ▁C umm ins ▁as ▁Bat ht ub ▁Dem on ▁Sh awn ▁Mac don ald ▁as ▁Morgan ▁Turner ▁Max ▁Train ▁as ▁Punk ▁Guy ▁Mar ita ▁E ason ▁as ▁Punk ▁Girl ▁ ▁Production ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁River view ▁Hospital , ▁a ▁mental ▁inst itute ▁in ▁Co quit lam , ▁British ▁Columbia .
▁It ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁location ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁television ▁and ▁film - based ▁produ ctions . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁American ▁Express , ▁Digital ▁Inter ference , ▁T win ▁Engine ▁Films ▁and ▁Dar cl ight . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁On ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁film ▁holds ▁an ▁appro val ▁rating ▁of ▁ 6 4 % ▁based ▁on ▁, ▁with ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 5 . 5 / 1 0 . ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁which ▁assign s ▁a ▁normal ized ▁rating ▁to ▁reviews , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 3 3 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 4 ▁reviews , ▁indicating ▁" Gener ally ▁unf avor able ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Press ▁called ▁it ▁the ▁" Sc ari est ▁Film ▁Since ▁The ▁Ring ". ▁ ▁Don ▁Sum ner ▁of ▁the ▁Hor ror ▁Fre ak ▁News ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁a ▁ 3 ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 , ▁pra ising ▁its ▁visual s ▁and ▁even ▁stating ▁that ▁it ' s ▁a ▁mix ▁of ▁Par an ormal ▁Activity ▁and ▁reality ▁TV . ▁ ▁Nick ▁Sch ager ▁of ▁Sl ant ▁Magazine ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁ 1 . 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 4 , ▁comparing ▁it ▁to ▁The ▁Last ▁Ex or c ism ▁but ▁critic ized ▁its ▁attempt ▁on ▁par ody ing ▁Ghost ▁Hun ters - style ▁reality ▁TV ▁program . ▁ ▁Fel icity ▁Bur ton ▁of ▁the ▁S cre am ▁Hor ror ▁Magazine ▁critic ized
▁repet ition ▁of ▁scenes ▁and ▁bad ▁CG I , ▁but ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁sort ▁off ▁is ▁a ▁good ▁found ▁foot age . ▁ ▁Je ann ett te ▁C ats oul is ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁said ▁the ▁film ▁is ▁be ating ▁a ▁dead ▁horse , ▁cit ing ▁films ▁such ▁as ▁Par an ormal ▁Activity ▁and ▁The ▁Bla ir ▁W itch ▁Project , ▁adding ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁nothing ▁new ▁in ▁this ▁film . ▁ ▁Se qu els ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters ▁ 2 ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁It ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁John ▁Pol iqu in , ▁and ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁The ▁V icious ▁Brothers . ▁On ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁The ▁V icious ▁Brothers ▁announced ▁a ▁pre quel ▁entitled ▁Gra ve ▁Enc oun ters : ▁The ▁Begin ning . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Gon ji am : ▁Ha unted ▁As yl um , ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁South ▁Korean ▁film ▁with ▁a ▁similar ▁setup ▁List ▁of ▁g host ▁films ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁super natural ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁g host ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁super natural ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Found ▁foot age ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁Sat an ism ▁Category : Fil
ms ▁set ▁in ▁psych iat ric ▁hosp it als ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁M icon ia ▁pil alo ensis ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁plant ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Mel ast om ata ceae . ▁It ▁is ▁en demic ▁to ▁E cuador . ▁ ▁Its ▁natural ▁habit ats ▁are ▁subt rop ical ▁or ▁tropical ▁mo ist ▁mont ane ▁for ests ▁and ▁subt rop ical ▁or ▁tropical ▁high - alt itude ▁grass land . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : End em ic ▁fl ora ▁of ▁E cuador ▁pil alo ensis ▁Category : End anger ed ▁plants ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁is ▁a ▁local ▁daily ▁newspaper ▁based ▁in ▁Leb anon , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁The ▁main ▁office ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁ 7 1 8 ▁Pop lar ▁Street . ▁It ▁publish es ▁as ▁an ▁afternoon ▁paper ▁Monday ▁through ▁Friday ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁morning ▁paper ▁on ▁Saturday ▁and ▁Sunday . ▁ ▁Pr ices ▁and ▁circul ation ▁The ▁current ▁news stand ▁price ▁for ▁the ▁daily ▁and ▁Saturday ▁papers ▁is ▁ 7 5 ¢ ▁while ▁the ▁Sunday ▁paper ▁is ▁$ 1 . 5 0 . ▁Sub scri bing ▁for ▁eight ▁weeks ▁costs ▁$ 1 4 . 8 0 , ▁while ▁ 1 2 ▁weeks ▁costs ▁$ 2 2 . 2 1 , ▁ 2 4 ▁weeks ▁costs ▁$ 4 4 . 4 2 , ▁and ▁ 5 0 ▁weeks ▁costs ▁$ 8 8 . 8 4 . ▁The ▁paper ▁was ▁one
▁of ▁five ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁owned ▁by ▁Media News ▁Group , ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁media ▁company ▁in ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁concerned ▁primarily ▁with ▁newsp apers . ▁According ▁to ▁Media News ▁Group , ▁Leb anon , ▁PA ▁circul ated ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁papers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁G ann ett ▁acquired ▁full ▁ownership ▁of ▁a ▁Pennsylvania ▁joint ▁vent ure ▁with ▁Media News ▁successor ▁Digital ▁First ▁Media . ▁ ▁Content ▁The ▁content ▁of ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁is ▁essentially ▁split ▁up ▁into ▁seven ▁different ▁subjects : ▁news , ▁opinion , ▁sports , ▁business , ▁l ifest yles , ▁ob itu aries , ▁and ▁entertain ment . ▁O ften ▁the ▁stories ▁are ▁about ▁notable ▁people ▁within ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Leb anon . ▁ ▁New sp aper ▁staff ▁Inter im ▁President : ▁George ▁T roy ano ▁News ▁Director : ▁Andrea ▁Rich ▁Sports ▁Editor : ▁Pat ▁H ugg ins ▁ ▁Cir cul ation ▁Oper ations ▁Manager : ▁Joe ▁Clark ▁ ▁Website ▁The ▁paper ▁is ▁available ▁for ▁view ing ▁online . ▁The ▁website ▁lists ▁all ▁the ▁current ▁content ▁on ▁its ▁home page , ▁and ▁all ▁past ▁stories ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁view ing ▁in ▁its ▁arch ives . ▁A ▁calendar ▁of ▁events ▁in ▁Leb anon ▁is ▁available , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁real ▁estate , ▁auto ▁list ings , ▁class ified s , ▁and ▁jobs . ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁R SS ▁feed ▁available , ▁and ▁one ▁can ▁register ▁their ▁mobile ▁phone ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁to ▁get ▁updates ▁about ▁the ▁Leb
anon ▁Daily ▁News . ▁Sub scri bers ▁can ▁also ▁opt ▁to ▁make ▁“ E - Ed ition ” ▁available , ▁which ▁makes ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁view able ▁on ▁the ▁computer ▁exactly ▁as ▁it ▁appears ▁in ▁print . ▁ ▁The ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁website ▁went ▁behind ▁a ▁pay wall ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁charg ing ▁print ▁subscri bers ▁and ▁non - sub scri bers ▁varying ▁rates ▁for ▁access ▁beyond ▁a ▁free ▁five ▁articles ▁per ▁month . ▁ ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁The ▁paper ▁is ▁not ▁very ▁well ▁known ▁because ▁the ▁county ▁of ▁Leb anon ▁is ▁so ▁small ▁and ▁off ▁the ▁rad ar ; ▁however , ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁has ▁indeed ▁been ▁mentioned ▁in ▁a ▁few ▁instances ▁outside ▁of ▁Leb anon . ▁ ▁Iron ▁Editor : ▁How ▁to ▁Save ▁New sp apers ▁from ▁Adv oc acy ▁Journal ism ▁Michael ▁A . ▁R aff ae le , ▁former ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News , ▁wrote ▁a ▁book ▁called ▁Iron ▁Editor : ▁How ▁to ▁Save ▁New sp apers ▁from ▁Adv oc acy ▁Journal ism . ▁The ▁book ▁is ▁essentially ▁about ▁R aff ae le ' s ▁experiences ▁working ▁for ▁multiple ▁papers , ▁including ▁the ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News , ▁so ▁it ▁gives ▁an ▁ins ider ' s ▁view point ▁on ▁the ▁paper . ▁ ▁T ip ▁of ▁the ▁Spe ar : ▁A ▁Un ique ▁Pers pective ▁on ▁Pennsylvania ' s ▁Political ▁Revolution ▁Russ ▁Diam ond ’ s ▁T ip ▁of ▁the ▁Spe ar : ▁A
▁Un ique ▁Pers pective ▁on ▁Pennsylvania ’ s ▁Political ▁Revolution ▁ ▁lists ▁the ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁as ▁a ▁reference ▁multiple ▁times ▁throughout ▁the ▁book . ▁Leb anon ▁Daily ▁News ▁published ▁numerous ▁comments ▁on ▁Diam ond ' s ▁status ▁as ▁a ▁politician . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : D aily ▁newsp apers ▁published ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : L eb anon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁Category : 1 8 7 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : G ann ett ▁publications <0x0A> </s> ▁Animal : ▁An ▁International ▁Journal ▁of ▁Animal ▁B ios cience ▁is ▁an ▁academic ▁journal ▁established ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁published ▁month ly ▁by ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁British ▁Society ▁of ▁Animal ▁Science ▁( BS AS ), ▁Institut ▁national ▁de ▁la ▁recherche ▁agr onom ique ▁( IN RA ) ▁and ▁European ▁Association ▁for ▁Animal ▁Production ▁( E A AP ). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁merge ▁of ▁three ▁journ als : ▁ ▁Animal ▁Science ▁- ▁ ▁( BS AS ) ▁ ▁Animal ▁Research ▁- ▁/ ▁( IN RA ) ▁ ▁Re production , ▁N ut r ition , ▁Development ▁- ▁/ ▁( IN RA ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁animal , ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press ▁ ▁Animal , ▁B S AS ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Category : An imal ▁science ▁journ als ▁Category : C amb ridge ▁University ▁Press ▁academic ▁journ als ▁Category : A cadem ic ▁journ
als ▁associated ▁with ▁learned ▁and ▁professional ▁soci eties <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Toy ota ▁Atlantic ▁Championship ▁season ▁was ▁cont ested ▁over ▁ 1 2 ▁r ounds . ▁The ▁C ART ▁Toy ota ▁Atlantic ▁Championship ▁D ri vers ' ▁Champion ▁was ▁Jon ▁F og art y ▁driving ▁for ▁Dor ric ott ▁Racing . ▁In ▁this ▁one - make ▁formula ▁all ▁drivers ▁had ▁to ▁util ize ▁Swift ▁ch ass is ▁and ▁Toy ota ▁engines . ▁ 2 0 ▁different ▁teams ▁and ▁ 3 8 ▁different ▁drivers ▁competed . ▁ ▁Calendar ▁ ▁bold ▁indicate ▁pole ▁position ▁ ▁Final ▁points ▁stand ings ▁ ▁Driver ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁race ▁the ▁points ▁were ▁awarded : ▁ 2 0 ▁points ▁to ▁the ▁winner , ▁ 1 6 ▁for ▁runner - up , ▁ 1 4 ▁for ▁third ▁place , ▁ 1 2 ▁for ▁fourth ▁place , ▁ 1 0 ▁for ▁fifth ▁place , ▁ 8 ▁for ▁sixth ▁place , ▁ 6 ▁sevent h ▁place , ▁w inding ▁down ▁to ▁ 1 ▁point ▁for ▁ 1 2 th ▁place . ▁Lower ▁placed ▁drivers ▁did ▁not ▁award ▁points . ▁Add itional ▁points ▁were ▁awarded ▁to ▁the ▁fast est ▁qual ifier ▁on ▁Friday ▁( 1 ▁point ), ▁the ▁fast est ▁qual ifier ▁on ▁Saturday ▁( 1 ▁point ) ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁driver ▁leading ▁the ▁most ▁la ps ▁( 1 ▁point ). ▁O val ▁races ▁only ▁saw ▁one ▁qual ifying . ▁ ▁Note : ▁ ▁Race ▁ 7 ▁Michael ▁Val iante ▁had ▁ 5 ▁points ▁dedu ction , ▁because ▁he
▁had ▁short c utt ed ▁the ▁course . ▁ ▁Race ▁ 7 ▁Rock y ▁Mor an , ▁Jr . ▁was ▁originally ▁dis qual ified , ▁but ▁after ▁Race ▁ 8 ▁the ▁decision ▁was ▁revert ed ▁to ▁a ▁ 5 ▁points ▁dedu ction . ▁ ▁Race ▁ 3 ▁and ▁ 6 ▁only ▁one ▁additional ▁point ▁- ▁o val ▁races . ▁ ▁Complete ▁Over view ▁ ▁R 2 2 = ret ired , ▁but ▁class ified ▁NS = did ▁not ▁start ▁N Q = did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁N T = no ▁time ▁set ▁in ▁qual ifying ▁( 1 5 )= place ▁after ▁practice , ▁but ▁grid ▁position ▁not ▁held ▁free ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁C ART ▁season ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Indian apolis ▁ 5 0 0 ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Ind y ▁Racing ▁League ▁season ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Inf init i ▁Pro ▁Series ▁season ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Champ Car Stats . com ▁ ▁Atlantic ▁Atlantic ▁Atlantic ▁Season , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Category : At l antic ▁Championship ▁seasons <0x0A> </s> ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁is ▁an ▁intermediate ▁spir al ▁galax y ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁const ell ation ▁Leo . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁circa ▁ 6 0 ▁million ▁light ▁years ▁from ▁Earth , ▁which , ▁given ▁its ▁apparent ▁dimensions , ▁means ▁that ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁is ▁about ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁light ▁years ▁across . ▁It ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁William ▁H ersch
el ▁on ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 7 8 5 . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁evidence ▁that ▁the ▁galax y ▁has ▁a ▁weak ▁bar ▁running ▁across ▁the ▁minor ▁axis ▁of ▁the ▁galax y . ▁The ▁galax y ▁has ▁four ▁spir al ▁arms , ▁two ▁emer ging ▁from ▁ans ae ▁at ▁each ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁bar ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁emer ging ▁near ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁bar , ▁with ▁the ▁arms ▁emer ging ▁from ▁the ▁ends ▁of ▁the ▁bar ▁being ▁of ▁higher ▁surface ▁bright ness . ▁All ▁but ▁the ▁west ▁arm ▁have ▁kn ot ty ▁appearance . ▁The ▁outer ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁galax y ▁present ▁tw isted ▁stell ar ▁kin emat ics , ▁but ▁otherwise ▁the ▁rotation ▁is ▁quite ▁regular . ▁ ▁Sp iral ▁dust ▁lan es ▁have ▁been ▁observed ▁running ▁towards ▁the ▁centre , ▁where ▁star ▁formation ▁possibly ▁takes ▁place . ▁A ▁circ umn uc lear ▁ring ▁observed ▁in ▁[ O III ]/ H - beta ▁could ▁the ▁be ▁site ▁of ▁active ▁star ▁formation . ▁Another ▁indic ation ▁of ▁a ▁nuclear ▁star ▁forming ▁ring ▁is ▁the ▁detection ▁of ▁double ▁pe aked ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁emission ▁lines . ▁The ▁central ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁galax y ▁has ▁a ▁stell ar ▁population ▁of ▁young - inter mediate ▁age , ▁probably ▁created ▁by ▁constant ▁star bur st ▁activity ▁that ▁last ed ▁for ▁about ▁ 5 ▁billion ▁years . ▁The ▁total ▁star ▁formation ▁rate ▁of ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁about ▁ 4 ▁ ▁per ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁nucle us ▁of
▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁appears ▁to ▁feature ▁H II ▁region ▁activity . ▁The ▁spect ographic ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁nucle us ▁revealed ▁double ▁pe aked ▁emission ▁lines , ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁attributed ▁to ▁an ▁ion isation ▁cone ▁created ▁by ▁an ▁active ▁gal actic ▁nucle us . ▁In ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁lie ▁a ▁super mass ive ▁black ▁hole ▁whose ▁upper ▁mass ▁limit ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁between ▁ 1 . 4 ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁million ▁. ▁ ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁is ▁the ▁bright est ▁galax y ▁in ▁a ▁galax y ▁group ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁group . ▁Other ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁include ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 8 , ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 7 0 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 0 3 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 1 1 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 2 1 . ▁Other ▁nearby ▁galaxies ▁include ▁NGC ▁ 3 1 1 8 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 6 7 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 3 2 , ▁NGC ▁ 3 0 2 6 , ▁and ▁their ▁galax y ▁groups . ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁forms ▁a ▁non - inter act ing ▁pair ▁with ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 8 , ▁which ▁lies ▁ 5 . 8 ▁arc min utes ▁away . ▁A ▁hydro gen ▁bridge ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁connect ▁the ▁two ▁galaxies , ▁while ▁a ▁tail ▁extends ▁towards ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 7 0 . ▁
▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁NGC ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁on ▁S IM B AD ▁ ▁Category : Inter mediate ▁spir al ▁galaxies ▁Category : Le o ▁( const ell ation ) ▁ 2 9 6 4 ▁ 0 3 5 4 6 ▁ 2 7 7 7 7 ▁Category : A stronom ical ▁objects ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 5 ▁Category : Dis cover ies ▁by ▁William ▁H ersch el <0x0A> </s> ▁S cons ia ▁gray i ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁large ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cass idae , ▁the ▁hel met ▁sn ails ▁and ▁bon net ▁sn ails . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁maximum ▁recorded ▁shell ▁length ▁is ▁ 7 1 mm . ▁ ▁Hab itat ▁ ▁Min imum ▁recorded ▁depth ▁is ▁ 5 ▁m . ▁Max imum ▁recorded ▁depth ▁is ▁ 6 4 0 ▁m . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : C ass idae ▁Category : G ast rop ods ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁Following ▁are ▁lists ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate : ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 0 1 – 1 9 0 3 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 0 4 – 1 9 0 6 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 1 0 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1
9 1 0 – 1 9 1 3 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 1 3 – 1 9 1 4 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 1 4 – 1 9 1 7 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 2 0 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 2 0 – 1 9 2 3 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 2 3 – 1 9 2 6 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 2 6 – 1 9 2 9 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 2 9 – 1 9 3 2 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 3 2 – 1 9 3 5 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 3 5 – 1 9 3 8 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 3 8 – 1 9 4 1 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 4 1 – 1 9 4 4 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 4 4 – 1 9 4 7 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 4 7 – 1 9 5 0 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 5 0 – 1 9 5 1 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate ,
▁ 1 9 5 1 – 1 9 5 3 ▁( ter ms ▁de emed ▁to ▁have ▁begun ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 5 3 – 1 9 5 6 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 5 6 – 1 9 5 9 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 1 9 6 2 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 6 2 – 1 9 6 5 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 1 9 6 8 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 6 8 – 1 9 7 1 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 7 1 – 1 9 7 4 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 1 9 7 5 ▁( ter ms ▁de emed ▁to ▁have ▁begun ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 7 5 – 1 9 7 8 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 7 8 – 1 9 8 1 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 8 1 – 1 9 8 3 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 5 ▁( ter ms ▁de emed ▁to ▁have ▁begun ▁
1 9 8 2 ) ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 1 9 8 7 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 1 9 9 0 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 9 3 – 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 9 6 – 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 2 0 0 8 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 1 1 ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 2 0 1 9 ▁( elect ed ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁terms ▁de emed ▁to ▁have ▁begun ▁on ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate , ▁
2 0 1 9 – 2 0 2 2 ▁ ▁* ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Senate ▁lists <0x0A> </s> ▁X ET LA - AM / X HP B SD - FM ▁( La ▁V oz ▁de ▁la ▁Mix te ca ▁– ▁" The ▁Vo ice ▁of ▁La ▁Mix te ca ") ▁is ▁an ▁ind igen ous ▁community ▁radio ▁station ▁that ▁broadcast s ▁in ▁Spanish , ▁Mix te c ▁and ▁Tri qui ▁from ▁T lax ia co ▁in ▁the ▁Mexican ▁state ▁of ▁O ax aca . ▁It ▁is ▁run ▁by ▁the ▁Cultural ▁Ind igen ist ▁Broadcast ing ▁System ▁( SR CI ) ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Commission ▁for ▁the ▁Development ▁of ▁Ind igen ous ▁Pe op les ▁( C DI ) ▁and ▁broadcast s ▁from ▁stud ios ▁in ▁the ▁Bar rio ▁San ▁Diego ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁T lax ia co . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁X ET LA ▁website ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S istema ▁de ▁Rad iod if us or as ▁Cult ur ales ▁Ind ígen as ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁in ▁O ax aca ▁Category : M ix te c - language ▁radio ▁stations ▁Category : T rique - language ▁radio ▁stations <0x0A> </s> ▁Jer emy ▁Hugh ▁Be ech am , ▁Baron ▁Be ech am ▁ ▁( born ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁Labour ▁politician ▁and ▁a ▁senior ▁figure ▁in ▁English ▁local ▁government . ▁He ▁was ▁leader ▁of ▁New castle ▁City ▁Council ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Local ▁Government ▁Association . ▁He ▁was ▁the
▁elected ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Executive ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁- ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 ). ▁He ▁is ▁Jewish , ▁and ▁a ▁board ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Israel ▁Fund ▁in ▁the ▁UK . ▁ ▁Be ech am ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Gram mar ▁School , ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne , ▁and ▁University ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁( 1 9 6 2 – 6 5 ), ▁where ▁he ▁obtained ▁a ▁first ▁class ▁hon ours ▁degree ▁in ▁law . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁solic itor . ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁elected ▁a ▁coun c ill or ▁for ▁Ben well , ▁New castle , ▁in ▁the ▁New castle ▁City ▁Council ▁elections ▁of ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁He ▁stood ▁for ▁Parliament ▁without ▁success ▁in ▁T yn em outh ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁He ▁cha ired ▁the ▁Social ▁Services ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁council ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁and ▁was ▁Le ader ▁of ▁New castle ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁chair ing ▁the ▁Fin ance ▁Committee ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁Be ech am ▁became ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Metropolitan ▁Author ities ▁( A MA ). ▁When ▁the ▁A MA ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁Association
▁of ▁District ▁Coun c ils ▁and ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁County ▁Coun c ils ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁Local ▁Government ▁Association , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁L GA . ▁He ▁is , ▁, ▁the ▁L GA ▁vice - ch air man ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁chair ▁the ▁L GA ▁Labour ▁Group . He ▁was ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Urban ▁Reg ener ation ▁Association ▁( now ▁fol ded ). ▁Be ech am ▁belongs ▁to ▁Labour ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁Israel . ▁ ▁Be ech am ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁many ▁bo ards ▁and ▁comm itte es ▁in ▁New castle ▁and ▁North ▁East ▁England , ▁and ▁advis ing ▁government . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁National ▁Executive ▁Committee ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁was ▁its ▁chairman . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁Knight ▁Bach elor ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁B irth day ▁Hon ours ▁having ▁the ▁honour ▁con ferred ▁by ▁H M ▁The ▁Queen ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁Fre eman ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁New castle ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁He ▁is ▁Deput y ▁Lieutenant ▁for ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Ty ne ▁and ▁W ear ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁represent ▁Ben well ▁and ▁Sc ots wood ▁on ▁the ▁City ▁Council . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁council ▁member ▁at ▁char ity ▁Common ▁Pur pose ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 0
▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Be ech am ▁was ▁created ▁a ▁life ▁peer ▁as ▁Baron ▁Be ech am , ▁of ▁Ben well ▁and ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Ty ne ▁and ▁W ear , ▁and ▁was ▁introduced ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁L ords ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁s its ▁on ▁the ▁Labour ▁ben ches . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁ ▁Category : Lab our ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁coun c ill ors ▁Category : Lab our ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁life ▁pe ers ▁Category : Pe ers ▁nominated ▁by ▁Gordon ▁Brown ▁Category : C oun c ill ors ▁in ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Gram mar ▁School , ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁University ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : De put y ▁Lie uten ants ▁of ▁Ty ne ▁and ▁W ear ▁Category : Lab our ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁Israel ▁Category : K n ights ▁Bach elor ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁awarded ▁kn ighth ood s ▁Category : Ch airs ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁Category : J ew ish ▁British ▁polit icians ▁Category : L ead ers ▁of ▁local ▁authorities ▁of ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁Moh awk ▁High ▁School ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States
: ▁ ▁Moh awk ▁High ▁School ▁( S yc am ore , ▁Ohio ) ▁Moh awk ▁High ▁School ▁( Mar cola , ▁Oregon ) ▁Moh awk ▁High ▁School ▁( P en nsylvan ia ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Br ands v old ▁Township ▁is ▁a ▁town ship ▁in ▁Pol k ▁County , ▁Minnesota , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 4 1 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁census . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁F ork s - ND - M N ▁Metropolitan ▁Statist ical ▁Area . ▁ ▁Br ands v old ▁Township ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁sett ler . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Br ands v old ▁Township ▁is ▁located ▁near ▁ge oco ordinates ▁ 4 7 . 6 5 N , ▁ 9 5 . 7 4 5 W . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁town ship ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁of ▁which ▁ ▁of ▁it ▁is ▁land ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁it ▁( 2 . 6 0 %) ▁is ▁water . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 4 1 ▁people , ▁ 9 5 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 7 7 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁town ship . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 7 . 0 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 . 7 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 0 4 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 3 . 0 / sq mi
▁( 1 . 2 / km ²). ▁ ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁ 9 7 . 9 3 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 8 3 % ▁Asian , ▁and ▁ 1 . 2 4 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 9 5 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 1 . 6 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 7 5 . 8 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 3 . 2 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 1 8 . 9 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 1 8 . 9 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 1 . 6 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 5 4 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 8 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁town ship ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 5 . 3 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 4 . 1 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 . 7 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 3 5 . 3 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 1 4 . 5 %
▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 5 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 1 5 . 2 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 4 . 5 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁$ 3 9 , 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 4 , 0 6 3 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 2 6 , 8 7 5 ▁versus ▁$ 2 1 , 4 2 9 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁town ship ▁was ▁$ 1 5 , 0 9 4 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 5 . 8 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 9 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 1 1 . 1 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁eigh teen ▁and ▁ 1 9 . 4 % ▁of ▁those ▁si xty ▁five ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Pol k ▁County , ▁Minnesota ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Minnesota <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁En og ger a ▁Memorial ▁Hall , ▁formerly ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁Memorial ▁Hall ▁and ▁School ▁of ▁Arts , ▁is ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁mem orial ▁hall ▁at ▁ 3 4
9 ▁Ward ell ▁Street , ▁En og ger a , ▁City ▁of ▁Br is b ane , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia . ▁It ▁currently ▁houses ▁the ▁historical ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁and ▁District s ▁Historical ▁Society ▁and ▁is ▁otherwise ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁hall ▁for ▁h ire . ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁former ▁Queensland ▁Government ▁Arch itect , ▁Colonel ▁Thomas ▁P ye , ▁and ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁Heritage ▁Register . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁had ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁three ▁different ▁purposes ▁over ▁time . ▁ ▁En og ger a ▁State ▁School ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁September ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁a ▁public ▁meeting ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁Hotel ▁to ▁initi ate ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁school ▁for ▁the ▁area . ▁The ▁meeting ▁raised ▁£ 5 0 ▁towards ▁that ▁goal ▁( in ▁that ▁time , ▁local ▁communities ▁had ▁to ▁raise ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁the ▁school ). ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 8 7 1 , ▁having ▁raised ▁£ 6 0 , ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁committee ▁approached ▁Rand al ▁Mac D onn ell , ▁the ▁General ▁Ins pect or ▁of ▁School s ▁for ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Government , ▁about ▁establish ing ▁a ▁national ▁school . ▁Mac D onn ell ▁ad vised ▁them ▁a ▁further ▁£ 1 0 ▁would ▁be ▁required ▁which ▁the ▁committee ▁promised ▁to ▁provide . ▁T enders ▁were ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁school ▁building ▁and
▁a ▁teacher ' s ▁residence ▁in ▁early ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 1 . ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁completed ▁by ▁August ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁£ 2 8 7 ▁by ▁Mr ▁Lewis ▁of ▁the ▁P im lic o ▁Sh ops ▁with ▁an ▁official ▁ ▁opening ▁by ▁Charles ▁L ille y ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁ 1 7 0 ▁people ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁August ▁ 1 8 7 1 . ▁The ▁school ▁comm enced ▁classes ▁on ▁Monday ▁ 4 ▁September ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁under ▁head master ▁John ▁Tow ell . ▁ ▁When ▁opened , ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁described ▁as :" ... ▁substantial ly ▁constructed ▁of ▁hard wood , ▁is ▁ 4 0 ▁foot ▁long ▁by ▁ 2 0 ▁wide , ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁sp a cious ▁ver and ah . ▁It ▁is ▁lo fty , ▁and ▁ad mi rab ly ▁light ed , ▁and ▁vent il ated ▁by ▁about ▁twenty ▁good - s ized ▁windows . ▁It ▁is ▁supplied ▁with ▁all ▁the ▁usual ▁requ is ites ▁for ▁an ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁kind . ▁At ▁the ▁rear ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁is ▁a ▁neat ▁ver and ah ▁c ott age ▁of ▁four ▁rooms , ▁intended ▁as ▁a ▁residence ▁for ▁the ▁teacher . ▁A ▁brick ▁and ▁c ement ▁tank ▁of ▁about ▁ 9 0 0 0 ▁gall ons ▁capacity , ▁with ▁a ▁suitable ▁p ump , ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁constructed ▁... " In ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁due ▁to ▁growth ▁in ▁student ▁numbers , ▁a ▁new ▁building ▁was
▁constructed ▁for ▁the ▁school . ▁At ▁the ▁official ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁school ▁building ▁on ▁Saturday ▁ 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁William ▁Field ▁Lloyd , ▁the ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁for ▁En og ger a ▁suggested ▁should ▁be ▁converted ▁into ▁a ▁School ▁of ▁Arts , ▁a ▁facility ▁needed ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁En og ger a ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Public ▁Inst ruction ▁agree ▁to ▁offer ▁the ▁original ▁En og ger a ▁State ▁School ▁building ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁School ▁of ▁Arts , ▁an ▁offer ▁that ▁was ▁accepted ▁at ▁a ▁public ▁meeting ▁on ▁Th urs day ▁ 1 6 ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 6 . ▁The ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁officially ▁opened ▁on ▁Saturday ▁ 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁by ▁William ▁Field ▁Lloyd ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 5 0 ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁library ▁and ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁mag az ines ▁and ▁newsp apers ▁were ▁provided . ▁Although ▁an ▁annual ▁adult ▁subscription ▁cost ▁ 1 0 ▁sh ill ings , ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Imperial ▁Force ▁at ▁the ▁nearby ▁army ▁camp ▁at ▁En og ger a ▁were ▁given ▁free ▁ad mission ▁and ▁returned ▁serv ic emen ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁received ▁free ▁membership . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁first ▁proposed ▁to ▁re loc ate ▁and ▁en large ▁the ▁School s ▁of ▁Arts . ▁By ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁the ▁plan ▁was ▁to
▁re loc ate ▁and ▁en large ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁stage ▁of ▁construct ing ▁a ▁mem orial ▁hall ▁for ▁those ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁which ▁gained ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁committee ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁ ▁En og ger a ▁Memorial ▁Hall ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁the ▁Return ed ▁S ail ors ▁and ▁Sold iers ▁Imperial ▁League ▁of ▁Australia ▁( R . S . S . I . L . A .) ▁began ▁negoti ations ▁with ▁the ▁Government ▁for ▁a ▁suitable ▁war ▁mem orial ▁in ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁district . ▁It ▁was ▁determined ▁that ▁the ▁ere ction ▁of ▁a ▁soldiers ’ ▁hall ▁would ▁be ▁combined ▁with ▁the ▁existing ▁building ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁Memorial ▁Hall ▁and ▁School ▁of ▁Arts . ▁Through ▁the ▁un ited ▁efforts ▁of ▁the ▁En og ger a ▁sub - branch ▁of ▁the ▁R . S . S . I . L . A . ▁and ▁the ▁local ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁Committee , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁“ a ▁patri otic ▁community ,” ▁the ▁sum ▁of ▁£ 1 2 3 7 ▁was ▁collected ▁towards ▁the ▁cost ▁( £ 1 6 2 5 ), ▁while ▁satisf actory ▁arrang ements ▁had ▁been ▁made ▁for ▁finan cing ▁the ▁balance . ▁ ▁By ▁September ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁the ▁site ▁for ▁the ▁mem orial ▁had ▁been ▁purchased . ▁Const ruction ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁A . ▁W ool lam ▁and ▁S
ons ▁of ▁Wil ston . The ▁mem orial ▁hall ▁officially ▁opened ▁on ▁Sunday ▁ 2 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁unclear ▁when ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁building ▁was ▁re located ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁site . ▁ ▁Design ▁▁ ▁Element s ▁of ▁the ▁design ▁are ▁consistent ▁with ▁P ye ' s ▁architect ural ▁style ▁which ▁is ▁often ▁observed ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁vern ac ular ▁of ▁local ▁domestic ▁architecture , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ▁and ▁C raft s ▁style ▁to ▁the ▁environmental ▁context ▁of ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁The ▁longitud inal ▁plan ▁runs ▁parallel ▁to ▁Tru nd le ▁Street ▁with ▁the ▁primary ▁elev ation ▁and ▁entrance ▁to ▁Ward ell ▁Street . ▁The ▁building ▁uses ▁primarily ▁traditional ▁tim ber ▁construction ▁with ▁over la pping ▁tim ber ▁cl adding . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁concrete ▁port ico ▁at ▁the ▁Ward ell ▁Street ▁entrance . ▁The ▁concrete ▁is ▁text ured ▁in ▁manner ▁similar ▁to ▁earlier ▁works ▁associated ▁with ▁P ye ▁such ▁as ▁W ool o ow in ▁State ▁School , ▁the ▁former ▁W ool lo ong ab ba ▁Post ▁Office ▁and ▁the ▁Naval ▁Off ices ▁in ▁Br is b ane , ▁Queensland . ▁▁ ▁The ▁form ▁of ▁iron ▁gate ▁details ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁st airs ▁to ▁the ▁port ico ▁comple ments ▁the ▁concrete ▁detail . ▁This ▁element ▁is ▁more ▁pron ounced ▁in ▁P ye ' s ▁other ▁works ▁including ▁the ▁Land ▁Administration ▁Building ▁and ▁the ▁former ▁W ool lo ong ab ba ▁Post ▁Office , ▁although
▁may ▁not ▁be ▁original ▁at ▁the ▁mem orial ▁hall . ▁ ▁The ▁geomet ries ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁roof , ▁the ▁roof ▁of ▁the ▁port ico ▁and ▁the ▁st airs ▁run ▁parallel ▁to ▁one ▁another ▁in ▁geometric ▁singular ity . ▁Pres umably ▁the ▁original ▁plan ▁and ▁elev ation ▁were ▁symmet rical . ▁Ce iling ▁jo ists ▁extend ▁out ▁below ▁the ▁ped iment ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁building . ▁This ▁treatment ▁of ▁the ▁g able ▁ped iment ▁is ▁rem in is cent ▁of ▁the ▁domestic ▁vern ac ular ▁observable ▁in ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Ash gro ve . ▁Vert ical ▁band ing ▁on ▁the ▁ped iment ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁building ▁is ▁continued ▁down ▁the ▁port ico ▁ped iment , ▁posts ▁and ▁the ▁extended ▁ce iling ▁jo ists ▁above ▁the ▁posts . ▁Two ▁symmet rical ▁windows ▁are ▁situated ▁below ▁the ▁ped iment ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁proper , ▁each ▁divided ▁into ▁three ▁rect angular ▁parts ▁with ▁vertical , ▁horizontal ▁and ▁diagonal ▁m ull ions , ▁forming ▁an ▁a ster isk ▁pattern . ▁▁ ▁The ▁original ▁design ▁sketch es ▁indicate ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁a ▁vent ilation ▁tower ▁typical ▁of ▁P ye ' s ▁architecture ▁and ▁demonstrated ▁in ▁the ▁Rock ham pton ▁Branch ▁of ▁the ▁Queensland ▁State ▁Government ▁Sav ings ▁Bank ▁building , ▁W ool o ow in ▁State ▁School , ▁the ▁Naval ▁Off ices ▁in ▁Br is b ane ▁and ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁General ▁Post ▁Office ▁Elizabeth ▁Street ▁add itions ▁amongst ▁others . ▁▁ ▁The ▁hall ▁is ▁a ▁single ▁open ▁space ▁with
▁six ▁visible ▁tr uss es ▁sp anning ▁the ▁width ▁of ▁the ▁room . ▁The ▁tr uss ▁members ▁are ▁cur ved ▁in ▁form ▁and ▁are ▁rounded ▁where ▁the ▁supports ▁meet ▁the ▁main ▁members . ▁Five ▁rows ▁of ▁ce iling ▁pan els ▁are ▁fixed ▁between ▁the ▁tr uss ▁members ▁with ▁a ▁symmet rical ▁geometric ▁pattern ▁being ▁formed ▁by ▁band ing ▁over ▁panel ▁joint s ▁which ▁continues ▁down ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁walls . ▁This ▁geometry ▁comple ments ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁windows ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁space ▁and ▁corresponds ▁to ▁the ▁fen estr ation ▁that ▁runs ▁the ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁hall . ▁The ▁second ▁and ▁fourth ▁ce iling ▁pan els ▁have ▁pattern ed ▁ce iling ▁v ents ▁at ▁their ▁cent res . ▁▁ ▁The ▁original ▁design ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁hall ▁with ▁a ▁stage , ▁a ▁soldiers ' ▁room , ▁a ▁library ▁and ▁two ▁an tero oms . ▁In ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁a ▁mar ble ▁table t ▁was ▁ins cribed ▁with ▁the ▁words ▁“ The ir ▁Name ▁Liv eth ▁Ever more .” ▁Add itions ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁Tru nd le ▁street ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁a ▁kitchen ▁space ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁hall ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁an ▁extra ▁room ▁at ▁the ▁south - e astern ▁corner . ▁The ▁dates ▁of ▁these ▁add itions ▁are ▁un conf ir med . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Queensland er ▁( architecture ) ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁state ▁education ▁in ▁Queensland ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Monument ▁Australia ▁ ▁Memorial ▁Hall ▁website ▁ ▁En
og ger a ▁and ▁District s ▁Historical ▁Society ▁website ▁ ▁Google ▁map ▁of ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁Thomas ▁P ye ▁in ▁Queensland ▁ ▁Tim eline ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁C raft s ▁architect s ▁T . ▁P ye , ▁G . D . ▁Pay ne ▁and ▁J . S . ▁Mur do ch ▁▁ ▁Category : Arch itecture ▁of ▁Br is b ane ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Queensland ▁Category : Austral ian ▁military ▁mem orial s ▁Category : Mon uments ▁and ▁mem orial s ▁in ▁Queensland ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁monuments ▁and ▁mem orial s ▁Category : Ar ts ▁and ▁C raft s ▁architecture ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : B ris b ane ▁Local ▁Heritage ▁Register <0x0A> </s> ▁Sec rets ▁of ▁Great ▁British ▁Cast les ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁history ▁document ary ▁series ▁produced ▁by ▁Dublin ▁based ▁Sid eline ▁Produ ctions ▁in ▁ 1 2 ▁parts . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁broadcast ▁between ▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁( 6 ▁parts ▁per ▁season ). ▁Histor ian ▁Dan ▁Jones ▁expl ores ▁the ▁mill en ni um ▁of ▁history ▁behind ▁Great ▁Britain ' s ▁most ▁famous ▁cast les . ▁ ▁E pisode ▁list ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁British ▁document ary ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Channel ▁ 5 ▁( B rit ish ▁TV ▁channel
) ▁television ▁program mes ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : T ele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Law rance ▁L - 3 ▁and ▁L - 4 ▁were ▁early ▁aircraft ▁p ist on ▁engines ▁with ▁three ▁radial ▁cyl ind ers , ▁designed ▁and ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Law rance ▁A ero ▁Engine ▁Company ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁The ▁L - 3 ▁/ ▁L - 4 ▁series ▁was ▁market ed ▁by ▁the ▁Wright ▁Aer onaut ical ▁Corporation ▁as ▁the ▁Wright ▁G ale ▁after ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁the ▁Law rance ▁A ero ▁Engine ▁Company . ▁ ▁Spec ifications ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁This ▁article ▁contains ▁material ▁that ▁originally ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁pla card ▁at ▁the ▁Steven ▁F . ▁U d var - H azy ▁Center , ▁with ▁dimensional ▁error ▁corrected ▁( radius ▁reported ▁as ▁diameter ). ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 s ▁aircraft ▁p ist on ▁engines ▁L - 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Fir uz abad ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁F ī r ū z ā b ā d ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁F ī r ū z ā b ā d - e ▁Fen ī kh ī ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁B ost an ▁R ural ▁District , ▁B ost an ▁District , ▁Das ht - e ▁A za de gan ▁County , ▁Kh uz est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population
▁was ▁ 1 6 2 , ▁in ▁ 2 4 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Das ht - e ▁A za de gan ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Ad iele ▁E bere ch uk w u ▁A fig bo ▁( 2 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Niger ian ▁historian ▁known ▁for ▁the ▁history ▁and ▁histor i ography ▁of ▁Africa , ▁more ▁particularly ▁Ig bo ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁S out he astern ▁Niger ia . ▁Th emes ▁emphas ised ▁include ▁pre - colon ial ▁and ▁colonial ▁history , ▁inter - group ▁relations , ▁the ▁A ro ▁and ▁the ▁slave ▁trade , ▁the ▁art ▁and ▁science ▁of ▁history ▁in ▁Africa , ▁and ▁nation - building . ▁ ▁A fig bo ▁took ▁up ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁historian ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁with ▁the ▁celebrated ▁I bad an ▁School ▁of ▁History , ▁which ▁for ▁about ▁three ▁dec ades ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁prominent ▁school ▁of ▁history ▁in ▁Africa . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁prominent ▁member ▁of ▁that ▁school , ▁which ▁devoted ▁its ▁time ▁to ▁demonstr ating ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁African ▁history ▁and ▁histor i ography ▁as ▁specific ▁gen res ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁history . ▁In ▁purs uing ▁the ▁mission ▁of ▁this ▁school ▁through ▁teaching ▁and ▁scholar ly ▁work , ▁A fig bo ▁produced ▁works ▁that ▁established ▁reconst ruction ist ▁history , ▁of ▁African ▁historical ▁method ologies , ▁and ▁links ▁between ▁history ▁and ▁state craft
. ▁ ▁He ▁gave ▁rein ▁to ▁ec lect ic ism ▁of ▁sources ▁and ▁methods , ▁using ▁as ▁the ▁occasion ▁dem ands ▁and ▁war r ants ▁elements ▁from ▁myth , ▁or al ▁sources , ▁from ▁arch ae ology , ▁lingu istics , ▁material ▁arte fact s ▁and ▁written ▁sources . ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁analysis ▁he ▁defined ▁a ▁historian ▁as ▁a ▁clin ical ▁student ▁of ▁human ▁experience ▁who ▁see ks ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁story ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁and ▁to ▁explain ▁it . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁▁ ▁A fig bo ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁I h ube , ▁Ok ig we , ▁in ▁present - day ▁Im o ▁State . ▁His ▁formal ▁education ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁at ▁Method ist ▁Central ▁School , ▁I h ube ▁where ▁he ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁remark ably ▁dedicated ▁teachers , ▁the ▁most ▁out standing ▁of ▁whom ▁was ▁Mr . ▁O ji ▁I he uk um ere , ▁the ▁head ▁teacher , ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁U zu ak oli , ▁in ▁today ' s ▁Ab ia ▁State ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁noted ▁church ▁music ian ▁and ▁discipl in arian . ▁At ▁I h ube ▁Central ▁School ▁A fig bo ' s ▁br ill iance ▁manif ested ▁early ▁which ▁made ▁his ▁teachers ▁encou rage ▁him ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁secondary ▁school ▁in ▁spite ▁of ▁the ▁opposition ▁of ▁his ▁parents ▁who ▁were ▁int im id ated ▁by ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁post - primary ▁education . ▁He ▁succeeded ▁in ▁his ▁bid ▁and ▁went ▁to ▁St . ▁August ine ' s
▁( C MS ) ▁Gram mar ▁School , ▁N k wer re ▁Or lu ▁in ▁Im o ▁State . ▁with ▁an ▁Ok ig we ▁Native ▁Administration ▁scholar ship ▁won ▁in ▁a ▁compet itive ▁exam ination . ▁There ▁again ▁he ▁came ▁across ▁a ▁c rop ▁of ▁teachers ▁who ▁left ▁a ▁definite ▁im print ▁on ▁him . ▁For em ost ▁among ▁those ▁were ▁Maz i ▁F , C . ▁Og bal u , ▁a ▁teacher ▁of ▁Ig bo ▁language ▁and ▁culture ▁and ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁for ▁The ▁Prom otion ▁of ▁Ig bo ▁Language ▁and ▁Culture , ▁C . G . I . ▁En eli ▁a ▁history ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁College , ▁I bad an ▁and ▁E . ▁C . ▁E ze kw es ili , ▁the ▁principal ▁of ▁the ▁college ▁and ▁a ▁history ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁South am pton , ▁UK . ▁These ▁three ▁helped ▁to ▁determine ▁his ▁future ▁academic ▁career . ▁From ▁St . ▁August ine ' s ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁A fig bo ▁gained ▁ad mission ▁to ▁study ▁history ▁at ▁University ▁College , ▁I bad an ▁( then ▁affili ated ▁with ▁University ▁of ▁London ), ▁with ▁a ▁scholar ship ▁from ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁Eastern ▁Niger ia . ▁There ▁again , ▁he ▁met ▁sch ol ars ▁noted ▁for ▁their ▁br ill iance ▁and ▁benef ic ent ▁influence ▁– ▁J . D . ▁O mer - Co oper , ▁J . C . ▁An ene , ▁J . F . ▁A de ▁A j ay i ▁and ▁K
. O . ▁Di ke . ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁his ▁colle agues ▁– ▁O bar o ▁I k ime ▁and ▁Philip ▁Ig ba fe ▁who ▁not ▁only ▁read ▁history ▁with ▁him , ▁but ▁with ▁him ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁pione er ▁the ▁" made ▁in ▁Niger ia ▁Ph D " ▁at ▁the ▁infant ▁University ▁of ▁I bad an ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁post - grad uate ▁scholar ships ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁university ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁gradu ating ▁students . ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo ▁had ▁not ▁only ▁graduated ▁top ▁of ▁his ▁class , ▁but ▁also ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁among ▁his ▁colle agues ▁to ▁complete ▁his ▁Ph D ▁With ▁this , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁person ▁ever ▁to ▁receive ▁a ▁doctor al ▁degree ▁from ▁a ▁Niger ian ▁university . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁▁ ▁On ▁obtain ing ▁the ▁Ph D , ▁A fig bo ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁lect urer ▁in ▁history , ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁before ▁fle eing ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Niger ia , ▁N su k ka ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁civil ▁war . ▁During ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁host ilities , ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Director ate ▁for ▁Pro pag anda ▁of ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Information , ▁Republic ▁of ▁B ia fra . ▁He ▁res umed ▁his ▁interrupted ▁academic ▁duties ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁and ▁rose ▁on ▁the ▁academic ▁lad der ▁– ▁from ▁L ect urer ▁to ▁Professor ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁thus ▁reaching ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁his ▁profession ▁after ▁only ▁five ▁years
. ▁A ▁year ▁after ▁att aining ▁to ▁professor ship , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁the ▁Head ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁History ▁and ▁Arch ae ology . ▁The ▁year ▁after , ▁he ▁became ▁also ▁the ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Arts . ▁On ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁occasion ▁he ▁held ▁the ▁Director ship ▁of ▁the ▁Leo ▁Hans bury ▁Institute ▁of ▁African ▁Studies . ▁ ▁He ▁held ▁the ▁following ▁public ▁appoint ments ▁among ▁others ▁– ▁pione er ▁Director ▁of ▁Research ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Institute ▁for ▁policy ▁and ▁Str ateg ic ▁Studies , ▁Kur u , ▁Jos ; ▁Commission er ▁first ▁for ▁Education ▁and ▁then ▁for ▁Local ▁Government ▁in ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Im o ▁State ; ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Michael ▁Ok para ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁U mu ag wo ▁in ▁Im o ▁State ▁and ▁So le ▁Administr ator ▁of ▁the ▁Al van ▁I k oku ▁College ▁of ▁Education , ▁O wer ri . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁was ▁awarded ▁an ▁Honor ary ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Historical ▁Association ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Historical ▁Society ▁of ▁Niger ia , ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁National ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it , ▁the ▁Fellow ship ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Academy ▁of ▁Let ters . ▁His ▁traditional ▁ch ie ft ain cy ▁titles ▁include ▁Og b ute - O ke we - I be , ▁Og bu zu o , ▁and ▁O la ud ah . ▁ ▁Work ▁as ▁historian ▁▁ ▁A fig bo ▁was ▁a ▁historian ▁of ▁Africa , ▁of ▁Niger ia , ▁of ▁S out he astern
▁Niger ia , ▁and ▁finally ▁a ▁historian ▁of ▁the ▁Ig bo . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁political ▁historian , ▁an ▁economic ▁and ▁social ▁historian , ▁and ▁of ▁histor i ography . ▁M yth , ▁History ▁and ▁Society , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁volumes ▁of ▁his ▁ess ays ▁edited ▁by ▁Toy in ▁Fal ola ▁is ▁devoted ▁to ▁the or ising ▁on ▁the ▁methods ▁of ▁doing ▁history ▁in ▁Africa , ▁on ▁the ▁sources ▁of ▁history ▁in ▁Africa , ▁on ▁the ▁place ▁and ▁purpose ▁of ▁history ▁in ▁Africa ▁and ▁other ▁related ▁issues . ▁In ▁many ▁publications ▁he ▁sought ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁particular ▁to ▁ill uminate ▁the ▁universal , ▁and ▁the ▁universal ▁to ▁ill uminate ▁the ▁particular . ▁Thus , ▁for ▁instance , ▁he ▁used ▁a ▁detailed ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁text ile ▁process ▁in ▁Southern ▁Niger ia ▁to ▁throw ▁much ▁helpful ▁light ▁on ▁the ▁so cio - c ult ural ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁soci eties ▁of ▁the ▁region . ▁In ▁a ▁similar ▁manner ▁he ▁used ▁the ▁rise ▁and ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁pre - colon ial ▁great ▁states ▁such ▁as ▁Ben in ▁to ▁show ▁that ▁the ▁so - called ▁segment ary ▁soci eties ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁so - called ▁mini - states ▁of ▁pre - colon ial ▁Africa ▁are , ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁foss il ised ▁rem ind ers ▁of ▁the ▁conditions ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁great ▁states ▁arose . ▁ ▁A fig bo ▁broke ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁action - re action ▁th esis ▁that ▁ruled ▁the ▁new ▁African ▁histor i ography ▁when ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁history ▁profession
. ▁He ▁did ▁so ▁by ▁emphas ising ▁in ▁his ▁works ▁basic ▁reconst ruction ist ▁history , ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁pe op les ▁and ▁cult ures ▁in ▁their ▁own ▁right . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁Ad iele ▁E bere ch uk w u ▁A fig bo ▁died ▁in ▁En ug u , ▁Niger ia ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁hours ▁of ▁Monday , ▁ 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁ill ness . ▁ ▁Works ▁▁ ▁The ▁W arr ant ▁Chief s : ▁Ind irect ▁Rule ▁in ▁S out he astern ▁Niger ia ▁ 1 8 9 1 – 1 9 2 9 ▁( Long man , ▁London , ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁ ▁R op es ▁of ▁Sand : ▁Studies ▁in ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁and ▁Culture ▁( Univers ity ▁Press ▁Limited , ▁I bad an ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Ig bo ▁and ▁Their ▁Ne igh b ours : ▁Inter - group ▁Rel ations ▁In ▁S out he astern ▁Niger ia ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁( Univers ity ▁Press ▁Limited , ▁I bad an , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Gr ound work ▁of ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁( V ista ▁Books ▁Limited , ▁Lag os , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Image ▁of ▁the ▁Ig bo ▁( V ista ▁Books ▁Limited , ▁Lag os , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Ab ol ition ▁of ▁the ▁S lave ▁Trade ▁in ▁S out he astern ▁Niger ia ▁ 1 8
8 5 – 1 9 5 0 ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Ro chester ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Collect ed ▁Works ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Toy in ▁Fal ola ▁▁ ▁Niger ian ▁History ▁Polit ics ▁and ▁Affairs ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁and ▁Society ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁M yth , ▁History ▁and ▁Society ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Ott enberg , ▁S ., ▁Farm ers ▁and ▁Town spe ople ▁in ▁A ▁Ch anging ▁Niger ia ▁( S pect rum ▁Books ▁Ltd , ▁I bad an , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁pp . 3 2 – 3 3 , ▁ 5 0 , ▁ 5 4 , ▁ 8 4 , 1 0 1 ▁North rup , ▁D . ▁Trade ▁Without ▁R ul ers ▁( C lar end on ▁Press , ▁Oxford , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁pp . 3 4 – 3 7 ▁Is iche i , ▁E . ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Ig bo ▁People ▁( Mac mill an ▁Press , ▁London ▁ 1 9 7 6 ), ▁pp ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 6 6 , ▁ 6 7 , ▁ 1 2 3 , ▁ 1 4 5 ,
▁ 1 5 3 , ▁ 2 5 4 . ▁Man fred i , ▁V ., ▁" Ph il ological ▁Pers pect ives ▁on ▁the ▁S out he astern ▁Niger ia ▁D ias por a " ▁in ▁Cont ours : ▁A ▁Journal ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁D ias por a , ▁Fall ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁vol . ▁ 2 ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Fal ola , ▁T . ▁and ▁He aton , ▁M . ▁“ A fig bo ’ s ▁Sch olar ship : ▁An ▁Introduction ” ▁in ▁M yth , ▁History ▁and ▁Society : ▁The ▁Collect ed ▁Works ▁of ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo ▁edited ▁by ▁Toy in ▁Fal ola ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on , ▁N J , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁pp . 3 – 1 9 . ▁K orie h , ▁C . J ., ” H istor ians , ▁Histor i ography ▁and ▁Historical ▁Inter pret ations ” ▁in ▁Fal ola ▁T , ▁( ed .) ▁M yth , ▁History ▁and ▁Society : ▁The ▁Collect ed ▁Works ▁of ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo , ▁pp . 2 1 – 2 8 ▁O y eb ade , ▁A . ▁“ A fr ican izing ▁Know ledge : ▁The ▁Bur den ▁of ▁Academ ic ▁Histor i ography ” ▁in ▁Fal ola , ▁T ., ▁M yth , ▁History ▁and ▁Society : ▁The ▁Collect ed ▁Works ▁of ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo , ▁pp . 2 9 – 3 4
▁ ▁Ol uk oj u , ▁A . ▁“ ( Re ) Read ing ▁A fig bo ’ s ▁Work ▁On ▁Niger ia ” ▁in ▁Niger ian ▁History , ▁Polit ics ▁and ▁Affairs ▁The ▁Collect ed ▁Ess ays ▁of ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo ▁edited ▁by ▁Toy in ▁Fal ola ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on , ▁N J , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁pp . 1 5 – 3 0 ▁Ag b ali , ▁A . A ., ▁“ A ▁Ref lection ▁on ▁A fig bo , s ▁Writ ings ▁on ▁Niger ia ” ▁in ▁Fal ola , ▁T . ▁( ed .) ▁Niger ian ▁History , ▁Polit ics ▁and ▁Affairs ▁pp . 3 1 – 5 0 ▁N wa ub ani , ▁E ., ▁“ A fig bo ’ s ▁View s ▁on ▁Niger ia ” ▁in ▁Fal ola , ▁T . ▁( ed ) ▁Niger ian ▁History ▁Polit ics ▁and ▁Affairs ▁pp . 5 1 – 6 2 ▁ ▁Kal u , ▁O . ▁“ C ame os ▁Of ▁The ▁Ig bo ▁Past ” ▁in ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁and ▁Society : ▁The ▁Ess ays ▁of ▁Ad iele ▁A fig bo ▁edited ▁by ▁Fal ola , ▁T ., ▁( A frica ▁World ▁Press , ▁Tr ent on , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁pp . 1 7 – 3 0 . ▁N j oku , ▁O ., ▁“ A ▁Syn opt ic ▁Over view ” : ▁in ▁Fal
ola , ▁T . ▁( ed .) ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁and ▁Society ▁pp . 3 1 – 4 2 ▁N j oku , ▁R . C . ▁“ Ad iele ▁A fig bo : Im per ial ▁History ▁and ▁the ▁Ch alleng es ▁of ▁Ig bo ▁Historical ▁Studies ” ▁in ▁Fal ola , ▁T ., ▁( ed .) ▁Ig bo ▁History ▁and ▁Society ▁pp 4 3 – 5 7 ▁ ▁Fal ola , ▁T ., ▁and ▁He atom , ▁M ., ” The ▁Works ▁of ▁A . E . ▁A fig bo ▁on ▁Niger ia : ▁An ▁Histor i ographical ▁Ess ay ” ▁in ▁History ▁in ▁Africa ▁ 3 3 ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁pp 1 5 5 – 1 7 8 ▁Al ago a , ▁E . J , ▁The ▁Us es ▁of ▁H inds ight ▁as ▁For es ight : ▁Ref lections ▁on ▁Niger ▁D elta ▁and ▁Niger ian ▁History ▁( O ny oma ▁Research Public ations , ▁Port ▁Har court ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁p . 1 3 8 ▁ff . ▁ ▁Fal ola , ▁T . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁I bad an ▁al umn i ▁Category : N iger ian ▁histor ians ▁Category : Ig bo ▁histor ians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Im o ▁State ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Niger ia , ▁N su k ka ▁fac ulty ▁Category : 2 0
th - century ▁histor ians ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁National ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it ▁Award <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁all ▁l ighth ouses ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁as ▁identified ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Coast ▁Guard . ▁There ▁are ▁fifteen ▁active ▁lights ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁two ▁ske leton ▁to wers ▁ere cted ▁to ▁replace ▁earlier ▁man ned ▁lights . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁l ighth ouse ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁was ▁ere cted ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 9 ▁and ▁the ▁last ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁( ign oring ▁autom ated ▁to wers ▁ere cted ▁later ); ▁the ▁oldest ▁surv iving ▁structure ▁is ▁the ▁much - mod ified ▁Pop lar ▁Point ▁Light , ▁although ▁the ▁tower ▁now ▁standing ▁at ▁Pr ud ence ▁Island ▁Light ▁was ▁first ▁ere cted ▁at ▁Go at ▁Island ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 4 . ▁The ▁tall est ▁ext ant ▁tower ▁is ▁that ▁at ▁Be a vert ail ▁Light , ▁though ▁the ▁foc al ▁plane ▁of ▁the ▁Block ▁Island ▁S out heast ▁Light ▁is ▁much ▁higher ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁bl uff s ▁upon ▁which ▁it ▁s its . ▁ ▁If ▁not ▁otherwise ▁noted , ▁foc al ▁height ▁and ▁coordinates ▁are ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁Light ▁List , ▁while ▁location ▁and ▁dates ▁of ▁activation , ▁autom ation , ▁and ▁de activ ation ▁are ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁Historical ▁information ▁site ▁for ▁l ighth ouses . ▁Loc
ations ▁of ▁demol ished ▁lights ▁have ▁been ▁estimated ▁using ▁National ▁Ocean ic ▁and ▁At mos pher ic ▁Administration ▁( NO AA ) ▁navig ational ▁charts . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁l ighth ouses ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁List ▁of ▁tall est ▁l ighth ouses ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁▁ ▁L ighth ouses ▁L ighth ouses <0x0A> </s> ▁Bol ton ▁Point ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Bol ton ▁Point , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁Bol ton ▁Point ▁( water ▁system ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Cor l iss ▁Or ville ▁Bur and t ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁engineer ▁who ▁invent ed ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁variable ▁val ve ▁timing ▁in ▁autom obile ▁engines . ▁Working ▁through ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁Che v ro let ▁Cor v air , ▁he ▁designed ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁putting ▁a ▁sensor ▁into ▁the ▁cyl inder ▁to ▁optimize ▁the ▁fuel - air ▁mixture ▁during ▁comb ust ion . ▁He ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁hy brid ▁aut os ▁which ▁are ▁on ▁the ▁market ▁today ▁use ▁technology ▁from ▁his ▁pat ents . ▁ ▁Bur and t ▁assigned ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁his ▁most ▁cher ished ▁in vention ▁to ▁In vest ment ▁R ar ities , ▁a ▁vent ure ▁capital ▁company ▁which ▁special ized ▁in ▁gold ▁trad ing . ▁When ▁In vest ment ▁R ar ities ▁had ▁financial ▁and ▁tax ▁set back s ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁it ▁ceased ▁pay ing ▁the ▁maintenance ▁fe es ▁on ▁Bur and t ' s ▁pat ents
. ▁Thus ▁the ▁pat ents ▁fell ▁into ▁the ▁public ▁domain . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁pat ents ▁came ▁to ▁n aught , ▁Bur and t ▁fell ▁upon ▁hard ▁times . ▁S uffer ing ▁from ▁obs ess ive - comp uls ive ▁dis order , ▁he ▁says ▁" I ▁mean , ▁I ▁lost ▁everything . ▁I ▁lost ▁my ▁house , ▁I ▁lost ▁all ▁my ▁cars . ▁I ▁lost ▁everything . ▁I ▁was ▁fr ick ing ▁hom eless . ▁I ▁lived ▁in ▁that ▁god dam n ▁car ▁for ▁a ▁while . ▁I ▁mean , ▁how ▁many ▁invent ors ▁live ▁in ▁their ▁pro tot ypes ? ▁I ▁mean , ▁is ▁that ▁rid icul ous ▁or ▁what ? ▁It ▁was ▁just ... I ▁ru ined ▁my ▁family ▁with ▁the ▁deal . ▁But ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁what ▁happened ▁to ▁me : ▁basically , ▁I ▁was ▁left ▁to ▁rot ▁for ▁eight ▁years ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁IE EE ▁Spect rum , ▁issue ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁IE EE ▁Spect rum , ▁issue ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁N PR ' s ▁Living ▁on ▁Earth , ▁Dec . ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Pat ents ▁▁ ▁, ▁Method ▁and ▁device ▁for ▁optim izing ▁the ▁air - f uel ▁mixture ▁burn ▁rate ▁of ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engines ▁during ▁low ▁speed , ▁light ▁and ▁heavy ▁load ▁operating ▁conditions , ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁, ▁ ▁Method ▁and ▁appar atus ▁util izing ▁val ve ▁thro tt ling
▁and ▁charge ▁strat ification ▁in ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine , ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁ ▁, ▁Mechan ism ▁util izing ▁a ▁single ▁ro cker ▁arm ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine ▁val ve , ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁ ▁, ▁Appar atus ▁util izing ▁a ▁pl ural - profile d ▁cam ▁unit ▁for ▁actu ating ▁the ▁val ve ▁of ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine , ▁August ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁ ▁, ▁Val ve ▁actu ating ▁appar atus ▁for ▁minim izing ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁l ash ▁adjust ment , ▁January ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁ ▁, ▁Mechan ism ▁for ▁vari ably ▁cont rolling ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine ▁val ve , ▁January ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁ ▁, ▁Variable ▁fuel ▁delivery ▁system ▁for ▁internal ▁comb ust ion , ▁November ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁, ▁Variable ▁val ve ▁operating ▁mechanism ▁for ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engines , ▁November ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁, ▁Val ve ▁actu ating ▁appar atus ▁util izing ▁a ▁multi - profile d ▁cam ▁unit ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engines , ▁July ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁, ▁Appar atus ▁and ▁method ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁val ve ▁operation ▁of ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine
, ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁, ▁Appar atus ▁and ▁timing ▁mechanism ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁val ve ▁operation ▁of ▁an ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engine , ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁, ▁Variable ▁val ve ▁operating ▁mechanism ▁for ▁internal ▁comb ust ion ▁engines , ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Bur and t ' s ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Minnesota ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁engine ers ▁Category : American ▁invent ors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Variable ▁val ve ▁timing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Ly ell ▁( 1 7 6 7 – 1 8 4 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁botan ist , ▁known ▁also ▁as ▁a ▁transl ator ▁of ▁D ante . ▁ ▁Life ▁Born ▁on ▁ 7 ▁March ▁ 1 7 6 7 , ▁at ▁K inn ord y , ▁For far shire , ▁Scotland , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁el dest ▁son ▁of ▁Charles ▁Ly ell ▁of ▁K inn ord y , ▁For far shire , ▁Scotland , ▁and ▁Mary ▁Be ale ▁of ▁West ▁L oo e ; ▁his ▁sister ▁Anne ▁married ▁Gilbert ▁He ath c ote . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁School , ▁London , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁St . ▁Andrew s ▁and ▁Peter house , ▁Cambridge , ▁where ▁he ▁graduated ▁B . A . ▁in ▁
1 7 9 1 , ▁proceed ing ▁M . A . ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 4 . ▁ ▁A ▁law ▁student ▁at ▁Lincoln ' s ▁Inn , ▁Ly ell ▁also ▁travel led . ▁In ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁he ▁inherited ▁the ▁K inn ord y ▁estate ▁at ▁Kir ri emu ir . ▁He ▁gave ▁up ▁law ▁as ▁a ▁profession , ▁and ▁married . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁Ly ell ▁lived ▁at ▁Bart ley ▁L odge ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Forest ; ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 3 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Lin ne an ▁Society . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁he ▁settled ▁at ▁K inn ord y , ▁and ▁he ▁died ▁there ▁on ▁ 8 ▁November ▁ 1 8 4 9 , ▁leaving ▁a ▁library ▁of ▁works ▁rel ating ▁to ▁his ▁studies . ▁ ▁Works ▁Ly ell ▁concentr ated ▁on ▁bot any , ▁especially ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁m oss es ; ▁several ▁species ▁of ▁these ▁plants ▁bear ▁his ▁name , ▁besides ▁the ▁genus ▁Ly ell ia ▁of ▁Robert ▁Brown . ▁He ▁also ▁contributed ▁l ich ens ▁to ▁James ▁Edward ▁Smith ' s ▁English ▁Bot any . ▁While ▁not ▁publishing , ▁he ▁correspond ed ▁with ▁William ▁Jackson ▁Hook er , ▁James ▁S ower by ▁and ▁Brown . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 5 ▁Ly ell ▁published , ▁at ▁his ▁own ▁exp ense , ▁a ▁translation ▁The ▁Can z oni ere ▁of ▁D ante ▁... ▁including ▁the ▁po ems ▁of
▁the ▁V ita ▁Nu ova ▁and ▁Con v ito . ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁another ▁edition ▁of ▁The ▁V ita ▁Nu ova ▁and ▁Con v ito ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁London , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁transl ations , ▁The ▁L yr ical ▁Po ems ▁of ▁D ante . ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁he ▁issued ▁in ▁Paris ▁Notes ▁to ▁J . ▁Hard ou in ' s ▁" D out es ▁propos ées ▁sur ▁l ' âge ▁du ▁D ante ". ▁ ▁Family ▁Ly ell ▁married ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Smith ▁of ▁M aker ▁Hall , ▁Sw aled ale , ▁York shire , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁three ▁sons ▁and ▁seven ▁daughters . ▁His ▁wife ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 . ▁His ▁el dest ▁son ▁was ▁Sir ▁Charles ▁Ly ell . ▁A ▁son ▁Henry ▁went ▁into ▁the ▁army , ▁and ▁another , ▁Thomas , ▁into ▁the ▁n avy . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Att ribution ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 4 9 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Scottish ▁descent ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁botan ists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁transl ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁School , ▁London ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Peter house , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁botan ists ▁Category
: 1 9 th - century ▁transl ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Hol born ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁Lincoln ' s ▁Inn <0x0A> </s> ▁Vas ily ev sky ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁k h utor ) ▁in ▁Sem ich ens ko ye ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁Kot eln ik ov sky ▁District , ▁Vol g og rad ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 8 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁There ▁is ▁ 1 ▁street . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁ste ppe , ▁ 1 7 ▁km ▁south - west ▁from ▁Kot eln ik ovo . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Vol g og rad ▁O blast <0x0A> </s> ▁A TF ▁S inner ▁( born ▁Adam ▁Bus z ko ▁April ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁in ▁Wars aw ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Adam ▁The ▁First ▁S inner , ▁is ▁a ▁Polish ▁music ian , ▁vocal ist , ▁composer ▁and ▁multi - inst rument al ist . ▁He ▁graduated ▁in ▁psych ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Wars aw . ▁ ▁Bus z ko ▁is ▁a ▁guitar ist , ▁singer ▁and ▁song writer ▁of ▁the ▁death ▁metal ▁band ▁H ate , ▁which ▁he ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁with ▁the ▁drum mer ▁Pi otr ▁K oz ier ad z ki ▁( R ivers ide ) ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁And r zej ▁Ku ł ak owski
. ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁formed ▁the ▁industrial ▁rock ▁band ▁M oth ern ight ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁performs ▁under ▁the ▁stage ▁name ▁De imos . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁has ▁recorded ▁the ▁M oth ern ight ▁album ▁with ▁the ▁band ▁– ▁released ▁by ▁Lo comot ive ▁Records ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁G ear ▁Ran ▁Inv ader ▁Custom ▁ 6 ▁String ▁Ran ▁Thor ▁Custom ▁ 6 ▁String ▁Ib ane z ▁AR Z ▁ 7 0 0 ▁ 6 ▁String ▁Ib ane z ▁Pr est ige ▁R G ▁ 7 ▁String ▁B c ▁rich ▁mock ing bird ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁ ▁M oth ern ight ▁- ▁M oth ern ight ▁( LP , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Lo comot ive ▁Records ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Wars aw ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pol ish ▁heavy ▁metal ▁guitar ists ▁Category : Pol ish ▁heavy ▁metal ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : Pol ish ▁keyboard ists ▁Category : Pol ish ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : Pol ish ▁heavy ▁metal ▁sing ers ▁Category : English - language ▁sing ers ▁from ▁Poland ▁Category : Pol ish ▁ly ric ists ▁Category : M ale ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Polish ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁male ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁M ário ▁de ▁And rade ▁Library ▁( in ▁Portuguese : ▁Bibli oteca ▁M
ário ▁de ▁And rade ; ▁B MA ) ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁public ▁library ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brazil . ▁F ounded ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁with ▁a ▁don ation ▁of ▁hold ings ▁by ▁the ▁library ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁C â m ara ▁Municipal , ▁it ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁cultural ▁institutions ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leading ▁research ▁libraries ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁It ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁M ário ▁de ▁And rade , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁Brazil ian ▁modern ism . ▁It ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁an ▁Art ▁Dec o ▁building ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁dow nt own , ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁icons ▁of ▁this ▁style ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁M ário ▁de ▁And rade ▁Library ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Brazil ian ▁public ▁institution ▁interested ▁in ▁acqu iring ▁modern ▁works ▁of ▁art ▁of ▁local ▁and ▁foreign ▁artists ▁( which ▁are ▁placed ▁today ▁in ▁the ▁Pin ac oteca ▁Municipal ). ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁United ▁Nations ▁de pository ▁libraries ▁system ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁though ▁it ▁started ▁receiving ▁UN ▁material ▁nine ▁years ▁earlier , ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁During ▁S ér gio ▁Mill iet ' s ▁administration , ▁the ▁library ▁would ▁have ▁a ▁very ▁large ▁participation ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo ▁intellectual ▁sets . ▁Later , ▁the ▁library ▁would ▁be ▁frequ ented ▁by ▁academ ics ▁as ▁Fernando ▁Henri que ▁Card oso ▁and ▁Mar il ena ▁Ch au i .
▁ ▁Sh elter ing ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁bibli ographic ▁and ▁document al ▁her itage ▁of ▁Brazil ▁— ▁only ▁after ▁the ▁National ▁Library ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ▁— ▁the ▁M ário ▁de ▁And rade ▁Library ▁is ▁the ▁de pository ▁of ▁all ▁art istic ▁and ▁cultural ▁registers ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo . ▁Its ▁collection ▁includes ▁about ▁ 3 . 2 ▁million ▁items , ▁covering ▁all ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁knowledge ▁— ▁amongst ▁which ▁a ▁distinct ▁assemb lage ▁of ▁over ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁rare ▁books , ▁manuscript s , ▁inc un ab ula , ▁maps , ▁prints , ▁bras il iana ▁and ▁others , ▁produced ▁between ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th ▁centuries . ▁ ▁The ▁M ário ▁And rade ▁Municipal ▁Library ▁has ▁branches ▁throughout ▁the ▁city , ▁providing ▁circul ating ▁materials ▁to ▁general ▁public . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Pin ac oteca ▁Municipal ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo ▁ ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Brazil ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁libraries ▁in ▁Brazil ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁Enc arta ▁( Arch ived ▁ 2 0 0 9 - 1 1 - 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Bibli oteca ▁M ário ▁de ▁And rade ▁at ▁Google ▁Cultural ▁Institute ▁ ▁Category : L ibr aries ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo ▁Category : Art ▁Dec o ▁architecture ▁Category : Cent ral ▁Zone ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo <0x0A> </s> ▁CF NR - FM ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁radio ▁station ▁based ▁in ▁Terra ce , ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁owned
▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁Northern ▁Native ▁Broadcast ing ▁( T er race ). ▁The ▁station ▁oper ates ▁at ▁ 9 2 . 1 ▁FM ▁from ▁the ▁station ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Terra ce . ▁The ▁programming ▁reflect s ▁and ▁is ▁broadcast ▁to ▁over ▁ 7 0 ▁First ▁Nations ▁communities ▁in ▁northern ▁and ▁central ▁British ▁Columbia ▁and ▁has ▁an ▁audience ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁listen ers . ▁Program ming ▁of ▁CF NR - FM ▁is ▁distributed ▁to ▁numerous ▁repe ater ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁describes ▁its ▁music ▁programming ▁as ▁classic ▁rock ▁format . ▁Program ming ▁includes ▁cultural ▁events ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁H obi y ee ▁celebr ations ▁in ▁V ancouver ▁and ▁N is ga ' a ▁territory , ▁National ▁Ind igen ous ▁Pe op les ▁Day , ▁and ▁cultural ▁sports ▁broadcast s ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁annual ▁All - Native ▁Tournament ▁and ▁the ▁Junior ▁all ▁Native ▁Basketball ▁Tourn aments . ▁ ▁History ▁CF NR ▁received ▁appro val ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Northern ▁Native ▁Broadcast ing ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁lic ence ▁for ▁an ▁English - language ▁and ▁Native - language ▁station ▁at ▁Terra ce . ▁The ▁same ▁year , ▁CF NR ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁operate ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁transmit ters ▁in ▁northern ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁CF NR ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁add ▁more ▁transmit ters . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁CF NR ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁add ▁a ▁transmit ter
▁at ▁Terra ce . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁CR TC ▁granted ▁CF NR ' s ▁owner , ▁Northern ▁Native ▁Broadcast ing ▁( T er race ), ▁a ▁license ▁to ▁operate ▁a ▁station ▁in ▁V ancouver ▁at ▁ 1 0 6 . 3 M Hz ▁FM ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁urban ▁Ind igen ous ▁population ▁in ▁that ▁city . ▁The ▁frequency ▁was ▁previously ▁lic ensed ▁to ▁Ab original ▁Vo ices ▁Radio ▁Network ▁which ▁had ▁its ▁license ▁rev oked ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁for ▁non - comp liance ▁issues . ▁The ▁station ' s ▁call ▁letters ▁will ▁be ▁C J N Y - FM . ▁ ▁Loc ations ▁ ▁Commun ities ▁in ▁which ▁CF NR - FM ▁is ▁broadcast , ▁with ▁their ▁FM ▁frequencies ▁( in ▁M Hz ) ▁and ▁call ▁sign ▁( where ▁known ): ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁CF NR - FM ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁CR TC ▁to ▁add ▁a ▁transmit ter ▁at ▁Haz el ton / Se ely ▁Mountain ▁at ▁ 9 6 . 1 M Hz . ▁This ▁application ▁was ▁approved ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁CF NR - FM ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁author ized ▁cont ours ▁of ▁V F 2 0 7 3 ▁Qu es nel ▁by ▁increasing ▁the ▁transmit ter ' s ▁average ▁effective ▁radi
ated ▁power ▁from ▁ 1 . 6 ▁to ▁ 6 . 5 ▁w att s ▁( non - direction al ▁anten na ) ▁and ▁the ▁effective ▁height ▁of ▁anten na ▁above ▁average ▁terrain ▁from ▁ 8 1 ▁to ▁ 2 3 6 . 2 ▁metres , ▁and ▁by ▁re loc ating ▁the ▁transmit ter ▁site . ▁The ▁change ▁in ▁site ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁frequent ▁v andal ism ▁acts ▁committed ▁on ▁the ▁site , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁viol ations ▁that ▁occurred ▁beyond ▁the ▁station ' s ▁control , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁transmit ter ▁broadcast ing ▁an ▁empty ▁car rier . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁CF NR - FM ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁operate ▁a ▁low - power ▁FM ▁re bro ad cast ing ▁transmit ter ▁at ▁Fort ▁Nelson ▁at ▁ 9 6 . 1 M Hz ▁with ▁an ▁effective ▁radi ated ▁power ▁( ER P ) ▁of ▁ 8 ▁w att s ▁( non - direction al ▁anten na ▁with ▁an ▁effective ▁height ▁of ▁anten na ▁above ▁average ▁terrain ▁( E HA AT ) ▁of ▁ 3 6 . 7 ▁metres ). ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁CF NR - FM ▁received ▁appro val ▁to ▁operate ▁a ▁low - power ▁FM ▁re bro ad cast ing ▁transmit ter ▁at ▁Hart ley ▁Bay ▁at ▁ 9 6 . 1 M Hz ▁with ▁an ▁effective ▁radi ated ▁power ▁( ER P ) ▁of ▁ 8 ▁w att s
▁( non - direction al ▁anten na ▁with ▁an ▁effective ▁height ▁of ▁anten na ▁above ▁average ▁terrain ▁( E HA AT ) ▁of ▁- 6 6 . 8 ▁metres ). ▁ ▁Future ▁transmit ters ▁Met lak at la ▁- ▁ 9 8 . 1 M Hz ▁To ose y ▁Indian ▁Reserve ▁- ▁ 9 6 . 1 M Hz ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁CF NR - FM ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁F nr ▁F nr ▁F nr ▁F nr ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia <0x0A> </s> ▁Mel ville ▁is ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁second ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁Canadian ▁rock ▁band ▁R he ost at ics . ▁ ▁This ▁album ▁gar ner ed ▁wide ▁air play ▁across ▁Canada . ▁The ▁single ▁" Record ▁Body ▁Count " ▁was ▁a ▁significant ▁hit ▁for ▁the ▁band ▁on ▁Canadian ▁alternative ▁rock ▁stations ▁and ▁Much Music ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁“ You ▁Are ▁Very ▁Star ”, ▁a ▁bonus ▁track ▁on ▁the ▁CD ▁release , ▁ends ▁with ▁a ▁hockey ▁announ cer ’ s ▁narr ation ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁band ▁is ▁presented ▁as ▁a ▁hockey ▁team ▁compet ing ▁for ▁the ▁league ’ s ▁top ▁ranking ▁against ▁ 1 3 ▁Eng ines , ▁Scott ▁B . ▁Sym path y ▁and ▁Tom ▁C och rane . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁music ▁magazine ▁Chart ▁conducted ▁a ▁reader ▁poll ▁to ▁determine ▁the
▁best ▁Canadian ▁albums ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁Mel ville ▁placed ▁ 1 6 th ▁in ▁that ▁poll . ▁When ▁the ▁magazine ▁conducted ▁a ▁follow ▁up ▁poll ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Mel ville ▁placed ▁fifth , ▁behind ▁only ▁J oni ▁Mitchell , ▁Neil ▁Young , ▁Slo an ▁and ▁R he ost at ics ’ ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁album ▁Wh ale ▁Music . ▁In ▁the ▁magazine ’ s ▁third ▁poll ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Mel ville ▁placed ▁ 4 4 th , ▁but ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁ 2 5 ▁albums ▁to ▁have ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁Top ▁ 5 0 ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁pol ls . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁songs ▁are ▁cred ited ▁to ▁the ▁R he ost at ics , ▁except ▁where ▁noted . ▁ ▁“ Record ▁Body ▁Count " ▁– ▁ 1 : 5 4 ▁“ A li ens ▁( Christ mas ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ” ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 7 ▁“ N or thern ▁W ish ” ▁( Jan et ▁Mor ass ut ti , ▁R he ost at ics ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 6 ▁“ S ask atch ew an ” ▁– ▁ 5 : 5 6 ▁“ H ors es ” ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 7 ▁“ Christ opher ” ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 5 ▁“ Ch anson ▁les ▁Ru elles ” ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 9 ▁“ L ying ’ s ▁W rong ” ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 4 ▁“
It ” ▁– ▁ 4 : 2 9 ▁“ When ▁Winter ▁Com es ” ▁– ▁ 6 : 3 2 ▁“ The ▁W reck ▁of ▁the ▁Edmund ▁Fitz ger ald ” ▁( G ordon ▁Light foot ) ▁– ▁ 8 : 4 5 ▁“ You ▁Are ▁Very ▁Star ” ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 8 ▁ ▁The ▁last ▁two ▁songs ▁are ▁bonus ▁tracks ▁available ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁CD ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁album . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁albums ▁Category : R he ost at ics ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Michael ▁Phill ip ▁Woj ew oda <0x0A> </s> ▁Eg ug uo jo ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Eg un oj u ) ▁was ▁the ▁A la af in ▁of ▁O yo ▁during ▁the ▁six teenth ▁century . ▁It ▁was ▁during ▁his ▁reign ▁that ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁was ▁moved ▁from ▁O yo ▁i le ▁to ▁O yo ▁Ig bo ho ▁( New ▁O yo ), ▁after ▁a ▁prot ract ed ▁battle ▁with ▁the ▁N up es ▁and ▁also ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁internal ▁fighting . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁New ▁O yo , ▁his ▁grand father ▁had ▁gone ▁on ▁an ▁od ys sey ▁from ▁O yo ▁i le ▁to ▁escape ▁thre ats ▁from ▁palace ▁officials . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁on ▁the ▁throne ▁by ▁his ▁sister ▁O rom p oto . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A la af ins ▁of ▁O yo ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁monarch s ▁in ▁Africa ▁Category : 1 6 th
- century ▁Niger ian ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Margaret ▁Louis a ▁A yl ward ▁( 1 8 1 0 - 1 8 8 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Irish ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁nun , ▁phil anth rop ist , ▁and ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Sister s ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Fa ith . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Margaret ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁November ▁ 1 8 1 0 ▁in ▁Thomas ▁Street ▁in ▁Water ford ▁to ▁a ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁family . ▁She ▁was ▁educated ▁by ▁the ▁Urs ul ine ▁n uns ▁in ▁Th ur les , ▁Co . ▁Ti pper ary . ▁After ▁doing ▁some ▁char itable ▁work ▁in ▁Water ford ▁in ▁her ▁early ▁years , ▁A yl ward ▁joined ▁her ▁sister ▁in ▁the ▁Sister s ▁of ▁Char ity ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁as ▁a ▁nov ice . ▁She ▁left ▁the ▁nov ici ate ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 6 ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁Water ford ▁to ▁continue ▁her ▁char ity ▁work ▁in ▁a ▁sec ular ▁role . ▁A yl ward ▁again ▁attempted ▁to ▁join ▁a ▁religious ▁order ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁when ▁she ▁entered ▁the ▁Urs ul ine ▁nov ici ate ▁in ▁Water ford , ▁however ▁she ▁left ▁after ▁two ▁months . ▁ ▁Char ity ▁work ▁in ▁Dublin ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 8 5 1 , ▁A yl ward ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁Dublin ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁active ▁in ▁re - ener g ising ▁the ▁Lad ies ' ▁Association ▁of ▁St ▁Vincent ▁de ▁Paul . ▁The ▁Irish ▁Fam ine ▁led
▁to ▁a ▁large - scale ▁movement ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁rural ▁areas ▁into ▁cities , ▁including ▁Dublin , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁increased ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁char itable ▁institutions ▁of ▁these ▁areas . ▁A yl ward ' s ▁efforts ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁this ▁wider ▁char itable ▁effort ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁poor , ▁particularly ▁C athol ics ▁who ▁were ▁seen ▁to ▁be ▁at ▁risk ▁of ▁co er ci ve ▁religious ▁conversion ▁( known ▁as ▁Sou per ism ). ▁This ▁association ▁was ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁' tem por al ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁spiritual ▁relief ▁of ▁the ▁sick ▁poor ▁in ▁Dublin .' ▁ ▁The ▁Lad ies ' ▁Association ▁of ▁St ▁Vincent ▁de ▁Paul ▁opened ▁St ▁Brig id ' s ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 6 , ▁an ▁or phan age ▁which ▁had ▁an ▁anti - pro s ely t ising ▁mission ▁and ▁claimed ▁to ▁' res cue ' ▁Catholic ▁children ▁from ▁Protest ant ▁ag encies . ▁The ▁Lad ies ' ▁Association ▁often ▁came ▁into ▁dispute ▁with ▁those ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁Church ▁Miss ions ▁and ▁the ▁ra gg ed ▁schools ▁in ▁Dublin , ▁with ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Lad ies ' ▁Association ▁distrib uting ▁cru c if ix es ▁to ▁children ▁att ending ▁the ▁Protest ant - run ▁ra gg ed ▁schools ▁and ▁visit ing ▁the ▁homes ▁of ▁parents ▁who ▁sent ▁their ▁children ▁to ▁them . ▁The ▁women ▁involved ▁in ▁St ▁Brig id ' s ▁Or phan age ▁organ ised ▁themselves ▁into ▁a ▁society ▁called ▁the ▁D augh ters ▁of ▁St . ▁Brig id . ▁However , ▁while
▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁St ▁Brig id ' s ▁brought ▁A yl ward ▁closer ▁to ▁religious ▁orders , ▁historian ▁Maria ▁Lud dy ▁notes ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 s , ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁not ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁religious ▁community , ▁rather ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁' live ▁in ▁a ▁community ▁of ▁women ▁who ▁were ▁un ited ▁by ▁their ▁religious ▁conv ict ions ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁necessarily ▁desire ▁to ▁take ▁formal ▁religious ▁v ows .' ▁ ▁Sister s ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Fa ith ▁▁ ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁growth ▁in ▁religious ▁orders ▁for ▁women ▁in ▁Ireland ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁relax ing ▁of ▁anti - C atholic ▁Pen al ▁La ws . ▁These ▁included ▁the ▁Irish ▁Sister s ▁of ▁Char ity ▁who ▁were ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁under ▁Mary ▁A iken head , ▁the ▁Irish ▁Lor eto ▁Order ▁( 1 8 2 2 ) ▁under ▁Frances ▁Ball , ▁ ▁and ▁Catherine ▁Mc A ule y ' s ▁Sister s ▁of ▁Mer cy ▁( 1 8 3 1 ). ▁Arch bishop ▁C ull en ▁of ▁Dublin ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁figure ▁in ▁persu ading ▁leaders ▁of ▁religious ▁communities ▁of ▁women , ▁like ▁Catherine ▁Mc A ule y , ▁to ▁formally ▁organ ise ▁as ▁religious ▁con greg ations ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁continue ▁their ▁char itable ▁work ▁and ▁be ▁respect able . ▁While ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁resist ant ▁to ▁this ▁idea ▁for ▁a ▁while , ▁she ▁eventually ▁agreed . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5
7 ▁the ▁Sister s ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Fa ith ▁were ▁established , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ▁the ▁order ▁were ▁approved ▁by ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁IX . ▁ ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁for ▁' fail ing ▁to ▁produce ▁a ▁child ▁named ▁Mary ▁Matt he ws , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁taken ▁away ▁and ▁conce aled ▁from ▁her ▁parents ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁being ▁brought ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁faith '. ▁Matt he ws ▁had ▁been ▁placed ▁with ▁a ▁nur se ▁in ▁S ag gart , ▁Co . ▁Dublin ▁when ▁her ▁father ▁had ▁died ▁and ▁her ▁mother ▁had ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁Bah am as . ▁When ▁her ▁mother ▁returned , ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁not ified ▁by ▁Matt he ws ' ▁fost er ▁mother ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁missing . ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁of ▁the ▁charge ▁of ▁kid n apping ▁but ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁cont empt ▁of ▁court ▁and ▁served ▁six ▁months ▁in ▁j ail . ▁A yl ward ▁continued ▁her ▁work ▁after ▁her ▁release . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁Margaret ▁A yl ward ▁( now ▁Sister ▁Mary ▁Ag ath a ) ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 8 8 9 . ▁A yl ward ▁had ▁continued ▁we aring ▁her ▁own ▁clothes ▁and ▁trav elling ▁after ▁taking ▁her ▁religious ▁v ows . ▁ ▁Histor ian ▁Margaret ▁Helen ▁Pr eston ▁arg ues ▁that ▁A yl ward ▁was ▁unusual ▁for ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁she ▁lived ▁in ▁because
▁she ▁did ▁not ▁believe ▁that ▁pover ty ▁resulted ▁from ▁sin . ▁ ▁A yl ward ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁poor ▁as ▁the ▁' E lect ▁of ▁God ' ▁and ▁argued ▁that ▁God ▁saw ▁the ▁poor ▁as ▁special ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁difficult ▁circumstances . ▁ ▁The ▁Sister s ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Fa ith ▁still ▁work ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Clear , ▁C ait r iona , ▁N uns ▁in ▁Nin ete enth - Cent ury ▁Ireland ▁( D ub lin , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ). ▁ ▁Lud dy , ▁Maria , ▁Women ▁and ▁Phil anth ropy ▁in ▁Nin ete enth - Cent ury ▁Ireland ▁( C amb ridge , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ). ▁ ▁Pr un ty , ▁Jac inta . ▁Margaret ▁A yl ward ▁ 1 8 1 0 - 1 8 8 9 : ▁lady ▁of ▁char ity , ▁sister ▁of ▁faith ▁( D ub lin , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁orders ▁Category : C atholic ▁Church ▁organizations ▁Category : 1 8 1 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : I r ish ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁sister s ▁and ▁n uns ▁Category : I r ish ▁phil anth rop ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁County ▁Water ford ▁Category : Found ers ▁of ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁communities ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Irish ▁people ▁Category : 1 8 8 9 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Best ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Pack ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁extended ▁play ▁by
▁Canadian ▁ra pper ▁Dra ke . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁by ▁Fro zen ▁M om ents , ▁Republic ▁Records ▁and ▁O VO ▁Sound . ▁It ▁contains ▁the ▁dual ▁singles ▁" Om ert à " ▁and ▁" M oney ▁in ▁the ▁Gra ve ", ▁with ▁the ▁latter ▁featuring ▁a ▁guest ▁appearance ▁from ▁American ▁ra pper ▁Rick ▁Ross , ▁and ▁later ▁becoming ▁Dra ke ' s ▁ 2 6 th ▁and ▁Ross ' ▁ 2 nd ▁number ▁one ▁( as ▁well ▁as ▁their ▁ 8 7 th ▁and ▁ 3 5 th ▁career ▁chart ed ▁single ), ▁respectively , ▁on ▁Bill boards ▁Rh yth mic ▁Songs ▁chart ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Multiple ▁publications ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁EP ▁marks ▁Dra ke ' s ▁first ▁release ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁C ash ▁M oney / You ng ▁M oney ▁label . ▁Instead , ▁on ▁streaming ▁services , ▁the ▁release ▁lists ▁" 2 0 1 9 ▁Fro zen ▁M om ents , ▁L LC , ▁under ▁exclusive ▁lic ens ing ▁to ▁Republic ▁Records , ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁U M G ▁Record ings , ▁Inc ". ▁Billboard ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Fro zen ▁M om ents ▁has ▁previously ▁been ▁listed ▁on ▁additional ▁O VO ▁projects . ▁ ▁Background ▁Dra ke ▁posted ▁the ▁cover ▁of ▁both ▁songs ▁on ▁his ▁social ▁media ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁After ▁the ▁NBA ▁Championship ▁win ▁of ▁the ▁Toronto ▁R apt ors , ▁the ▁songs ▁served ▁as
▁a ▁" ce le br ation ▁release ". ▁Dra ke ▁was ▁named ▁Global ▁Amb assador ▁of ▁the ▁team ▁and ▁was ▁previously ▁seen ▁att ending ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁NBA ▁Final s . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁Cred its ▁adapted ▁from ▁T idal . ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁sign ifies ▁a ▁co - produ cer ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Cred its ▁adapted ▁from ▁T idal . ▁▁ ▁No ah ▁" 4 0 " ▁She bib ▁– ▁mixing ▁▁ ▁Har ley ▁Ar sen ault ▁– ▁mixing ▁assistant ▁▁ ▁Greg ▁M off et ▁– ▁mixing ▁assistant ▁▁ ▁Les ▁" B ates " ▁Bat eman ▁– ▁engineering ▁▁ ▁L inds ay ▁Warner ▁– ▁engineering ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁" Om ert à " ▁ ▁" M oney ▁in ▁the ▁Gra ve " ▁ ▁Week ly ▁charts ▁ ▁Year - end ▁charts ▁ ▁Cert ifications ▁ ▁" M oney ▁in ▁the ▁Gra ve " ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁EP s ▁Category : Dra ke ▁( mus ician ) ▁EP s ▁Category : You ng ▁M oney ▁Entertainment ▁albums ▁Category : C ash ▁M oney ▁Records ▁EP s ▁Category : Rep ublic ▁Records ▁EP s <0x0A> </s> ▁Pres les - et - B ov es ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁A is ne ▁department ▁in ▁Haut s - de - France ▁in ▁northern ▁France . ▁ ▁Population ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁A is ne ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁A is ne ▁Category : A

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