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▁key ▁event ▁in ▁this ▁process ▁was ▁the ▁flight ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁Northern ▁Song ▁court ▁to ▁the ▁south , ▁after ▁they ▁lost ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁north ▁in ▁the ▁dis astr ous ▁Jin - S ong ▁wars ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 1 2 0 s . ▁A ▁new ▁Southern ▁Song ▁court ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁H ang z hou . ▁▁ ▁This ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁accompanied ▁by ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁pot ters ▁to ▁J ing de z hen , ▁which ▁increased ▁its ▁output , ▁despite ▁being ▁some ▁two ▁hundred ▁miles ▁from ▁the ▁new ▁capital . ▁▁ ▁A ▁Q ing b ai ▁por cel ain ▁bottle ▁from ▁J ing de z hen ▁is ▁the ▁earliest ▁piece ▁of ▁Chinese ▁por cel ain ▁documented ▁to ▁have ▁reached ▁Europe ; ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁F on th ill ▁V ase , ▁which ▁was ▁brought ▁to ▁Europe ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁Y uan ▁dyn asty , ▁J ing de z hen ' s ▁finest ▁white w ares ▁changed ▁to ▁Sh uf u ▁ware , ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁two ▁character ▁in scription ▁on ▁some ▁pieces . ▁Sh uf u ▁may ▁mean ▁the ▁pieces ▁were ▁ordered ▁for ▁the ▁Sh um iy uan ▁(" Priv y ▁Council "); ▁despite ▁this , ▁most ▁examples ▁have ▁appeared ▁outside ▁China . ▁The ▁Sh uf u ▁pieces ▁are ▁thick , ▁with ▁an ▁op aque ▁white ▁gl aze , ▁with ▁a ▁faint ▁blue - green ▁t int . ▁ ▁The ▁stem ▁cup ▁shape ▁first ▁appears ▁in ▁these ; ▁it ▁lasted |
▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁M ing . ▁ ▁J ing de z hen ▁blue - and - white ▁por cel ain ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁mid - 1 4 th ▁century , ▁J ing de z hen ▁began ▁to ▁mass - produ ce ▁under gl aze ▁blue ▁por cel ain , ▁whose ▁development ▁it ▁pione ered , ▁making ▁it ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁earliest ▁industrial ▁towns ". ▁ ▁Much ▁of ▁this ▁was ▁for ▁export , ▁and ▁other ▁styles ▁were ▁produced ▁for ▁the ▁Chinese ▁market . ▁El abor ately - p ainted ▁w ares ▁were ▁not ▁in ▁the ▁traditional ▁court ▁taste , ▁but ▁they ▁evident ly ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁accepted . ▁ ▁The ▁large ▁round ▁serving - pl ates , ▁from ▁ 4 0 ▁cm ▁across , ▁which ▁are ▁now ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁valued ▁pieces , ▁reflect ▁the ▁needs ▁of ▁Middle ▁Eastern ▁rather ▁than ▁Chinese ▁food ▁service , ▁which ▁generally ▁uses ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁smaller ▁and ▁deeper ▁bow ls , ▁then ▁as ▁now . ▁W ares ▁for ▁export ▁also ▁often ▁had ▁thick er ▁bodies , ▁to ▁reduce ▁break ages ▁on ▁long ▁travels ▁to ▁the ▁export ▁markets . ▁In ▁early ▁periods , ▁the ▁markets ▁receiving ▁por cel ain ▁direct ▁from ▁China ▁included ▁Japan , ▁all ▁of ▁South - E ast ▁Asia , ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁Islamic ▁world , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁include ▁Europe ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis . ▁ ▁Until ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁Europe ▁normally ▁only ▁received ▁por cel ain ▁via ▁the ▁Islamic ▁world . ▁ ▁The |
▁blue ▁pig ment ▁was ▁derived ▁from ▁c obal t ▁ox ide , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁imported ▁sp or ad ically ▁from ▁Pers ia ▁in ▁earlier ▁periods . ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁regular ▁imports ▁of ▁the ▁pig ment ▁were ▁obtained ▁from ▁Pers ia . ▁The ▁c obal t ▁was ▁ground ▁and ▁mixed ▁with ▁a ▁medium , ▁then ▁painted ▁onto ▁the ▁dried ▁bodies ▁of ▁the ▁p ots , ▁which ▁were ▁then ▁gl azed ▁and ▁fired . ▁At ▁a ▁later ▁date ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁c obal t ▁was ▁found ▁within ▁China ; ▁this ▁differ ed ▁from ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁ore ▁in ▁the ▁proportion ▁of ▁associated ▁m ang an ese . ▁The ▁colour ▁on ▁the ▁fired ▁p ots ▁was ▁a ▁grey - blue ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁pure ▁blue . ▁By ▁mixing ▁three ▁parts ▁Pers ian ▁ore ▁to ▁two ▁parts ▁Chinese ▁a ▁rich ▁and ▁soft ▁blue ▁was ▁produced , ▁which ▁became ▁lab elled ▁as ▁' Sum at ran ' ▁or ▁' Mu ham mad an ' ▁blue . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁intact ▁early ▁collections ▁of ▁export ed ▁Chinese ▁por cel ain ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁Ar d abil ▁Sh r ine , ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Iran . ▁This ▁has ▁ 8 0 5 ▁pieces ▁of ▁por cel ain , ▁don ated ▁by ▁Shah ▁Abb as ▁I ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 7 – 1 6 0 8 , ▁from ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁royal ▁collection . ▁ ▁Most ▁were ▁made ▁in ▁J ing de z hen , ▁and ▁they ▁covered |
▁the ▁full ▁period ▁of ▁blue ▁and ▁white ▁w ares ▁to ▁that ▁point , ▁with ▁some ▁nearly ▁ 3 0 0 ▁years ▁old ▁when ▁don ated . ▁ ▁The ▁largely ▁intact ▁Ott oman ▁collection ▁is ▁mostly ▁in ▁Top k api ▁Palace . ▁ ▁The ▁restriction ▁of ▁painted ▁subjects ▁to ▁the ▁combination ▁of ▁abstract ▁ge omet rical ▁patterns , ▁plant - forms , ▁and ▁animals ▁had ▁begun ▁to ▁end ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁as ▁human ▁figures , ▁landscape ▁scenes ▁and ▁other ▁subjects ▁began ▁to ▁appear . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁best ▁w ares , ▁these ▁designs ▁were ▁supplied ▁by ▁court ▁artists ▁and ▁reflected ▁contemporary ▁painting ▁and ▁other ▁media . ▁ ▁This ▁trend ▁continued ▁in ▁Trans itional ▁por cel ain , ▁produced ▁for ▁a ▁period ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 6 8 3 ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁M ing ▁dyn asty , ▁and ▁the ▁later ▁blue ▁and ▁white ▁w ares ▁of ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁reign ▁are ▁the ▁final ▁phase ▁in ▁the ▁artistic ▁development ▁of ▁blue ▁and ▁white , ▁with ▁super b ▁technical ▁quality ▁in ▁the ▁best ▁objects , ▁and ▁larger ▁images , ▁flex ibly ▁treated , ▁on ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁subjects . ▁ ▁T ian q i ▁por cel ain ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁relatively ▁inform al ▁ware , ▁largely ▁dest ined ▁for ▁the ▁Japanese ▁market , ▁made ▁at ▁J ing de z hen ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century . ▁K ra ak ▁ware ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁J ing de z hen ▁export ▁por |
cel ain ▁produced ▁mainly ▁during ▁the ▁W an li ▁reign ▁( 1 5 7 3 – 1 6 2 0 ), ▁but ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁remaining ▁two ▁M ing ▁reign s . ▁It ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁first ▁Chinese ▁ware ▁to ▁arrive ▁in ▁Europe ▁in ▁mass ▁quantities . ▁Str ict ly ▁defined , ▁it ▁" is ▁distinguished ▁by ▁the ▁arrangement ▁of ▁its ▁or nament ▁into ▁panels ; ▁these ▁usually ▁rad iate ▁to ▁a ▁br acket ed ▁rim ▁not orious ▁for ▁its ▁liability ▁to ▁chip ". ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁mostly ▁made ▁as ▁" deep ▁bow ls ▁and ▁wide ▁dishes ", ▁decorated ▁with ▁mot ifs ▁from ▁nature , ▁in ▁a ▁style ▁not ▁used ▁on ▁w ares ▁for ▁the ▁domestic ▁Chinese ▁market . ▁ ▁Organization ▁during ▁the ▁Q ing ▁period ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Q ing ▁period ▁production ▁became ▁more ▁varied , ▁with ▁a ▁wide ▁spread ▁of ▁styles ▁and ▁qualities , ▁from ▁imperial ▁w ares , ▁through ▁those ▁for ▁export , ▁to ▁those ▁for ▁a ▁popular ▁domestic ▁market . ▁ ▁The ▁dozens ▁of ▁non - imper ial ▁kil ns ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁" private ", ▁with ▁a ▁few ▁" off icial ▁old ▁kil ns " ▁making ▁very ▁high - quality ▁w ares ▁for ▁the ▁Chinese ▁nob ility , ▁which ▁were ▁" o ften ▁as ▁fine ▁in ▁quality ▁as ▁the ▁imperial ▁pieces ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁added ▁attraction ▁of ▁more ▁advent ur ous ▁decor ation ▁since ▁court ▁styles ▁were ▁presc ribed ▁and ▁rather ▁formal "; ▁at ▁times ▁these ▁may ▁have ▁helped ▁the ▁imperial ▁kil ns ▁with ▁large ▁orders . ▁ |
▁The ▁rest ▁supplied ▁various ▁levels ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁domestic ▁and ▁export ▁markets . ▁Early ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁the ▁original ▁local ▁source ▁of ▁clay ▁ran ▁out , ▁and ▁new ▁dig g ings ▁were ▁begun . ▁▁ ▁The ▁French ▁Jes uit ▁François ▁X avier ▁d ' Ent rec oll es ▁visited ▁J ing de z hen ▁and ▁wrote ▁to ▁Europe ▁about ▁its ▁processes ▁between ▁ 1 7 1 2 ▁and ▁ 1 7 2 1 ; ▁he ▁also ▁gave ▁the ▁Chinese ▁useful ▁information ▁about ▁European ▁pig ments . ▁ ▁From ▁this ▁period ▁Europe ▁began ▁its ▁own ▁por cel ain ▁industry , ▁which ▁grew ▁rapidly , ▁initially ▁by ▁im itating ▁Chinese ▁styles , ▁and ▁later ▁by ▁developing ▁their ▁own ▁styles . ▁Pers ia , ▁Vietnam , ▁Japan ▁and ▁several ▁countries ▁in ▁South - E ast ▁Asia ▁had ▁long ▁been ▁im itating ▁J ing de z hen ▁ware . ▁ ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁century , ▁exports ▁to ▁Europe ▁were ▁in ▁decline , ▁replaced ▁by ▁local ▁w ares . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 2 6 ▁N ian ▁X iy ao ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁Beijing ▁court ▁as ▁controller ▁at ▁J ing de z hen , ▁the ▁first ▁cent r ally - appoint ed ▁official ▁since ▁ 1 6 8 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁appointed ▁controller ▁for ▁a ▁customs ▁barrier ▁ 4 0 0 ▁miles ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁at ▁Hu ai ' an ▁on ▁the ▁Grand ▁Canal , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁N ian ▁only ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁visit ▁J ing de z hen ▁once |
▁a ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 7 2 8 ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁imperial ▁household ▁staff , ▁T ang ▁Y ing , ▁was ▁appointed ▁resident ▁assistant ▁at ▁J ing de z hen . ▁T ang ▁replaced ▁N ian ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 5 ▁when ▁the ▁latter ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁corruption , ▁and ▁he ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁influential ▁of ▁the ▁super int end ents . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 3 9 ▁the ▁customs ▁office ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁J iu ji ang ▁ 9 0 ▁miles ▁west ▁of ▁J ing de z hen ; ▁T ang ▁continued ▁in ▁the ▁dual ▁post ▁until ▁recalled ▁to ▁Beijing ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 3 ▁by ▁the ▁Q ian long ▁emperor . ▁At ▁court ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁the ▁task ▁of ▁an not ating ▁twenty ▁illustr ations ▁of ▁the ▁por cel ain ▁industry ▁from ▁the ▁imperial ▁library . ▁Return ing ▁to ▁J ing de z hen ▁he ▁stayed ▁there , ▁except ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁period ▁between ▁ 1 7 5 0 ▁and ▁ 1 7 5 2 , ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁at ▁ 7 5 ▁years ▁old ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 6 . ▁ ▁W ares ▁bearing ▁T ang ▁Y ing ' s ▁name ▁survive ; ▁these ▁include ▁two ▁pairs ▁of ▁blue - and - white ▁cand l est icks ▁bearing ▁dates ▁of ▁ 1 7 4 0 ▁and ▁ 1 7 4 1 , ▁the ▁latter ▁of ▁which ▁bears ▁an ▁in scription ▁describing ▁him ▁as ▁" Controller ▁of ▁Pot tery ▁in ▁Ji ang xi |
" ▁amongst ▁other ▁official ▁titles . ▁T ang ▁also ▁wrote ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁books ▁including ▁A ▁Complete ▁Record ▁of ▁P ots ▁( 1 7 3 5 ), ▁M ental ▁Notes ▁of ▁a ▁Pot tery ▁Work er ▁( 1 7 3 8 ) ▁and ▁Ill ustr ated ▁Ex plan ation ▁of ▁the ▁Mir acles ▁of ▁the ▁God ▁of ▁the ▁F urn ace ▁( 1 7 4 7 ). ▁His ▁list ▁of ▁w ares ▁manufactured ▁for ▁the ▁court ▁runs ▁to ▁sixty ▁types , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁rec re ations ▁of ▁styles ▁of ▁earlier ▁periods . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁much ▁of ▁J ing de z hen ' s ▁production ▁was ▁C anton ▁por cel ain , ▁using ▁" bl anks " ▁made , ▁gl azed , ▁and ▁fired ▁at ▁J ing de z hen ▁but ▁then ▁taken ▁to ▁be ▁decorated ▁with ▁en am els ▁in ▁Gu ang z hou ▁( then ▁usually ▁roman ized ▁as ▁C anton ) ▁for ▁export ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁via ▁the ▁Th irteen ▁F act ories ▁of ▁the ▁C anton ▁System . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁a ▁European ▁visitor ▁reported ▁that ▁most ▁production ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁summer ▁season , ▁when ▁workers ▁from ▁surrounding ▁areas ▁came ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁" bar r ack - like ▁she ds " ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁without ▁their ▁families . ▁This ▁infl ux ▁took ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁to ▁about ▁ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁caused ▁some ▁social ▁problems |
. ▁ ▁Ex ports ▁to ▁Europe ▁▁▁▁ ▁European ▁visitors ▁to ▁I stan bul ▁in ▁the ▁fif teenth ▁and ▁six teenth ▁centuries ▁are ▁recorded ▁as ▁having ▁purchased ▁Chinese ▁por cel ain ▁there . ▁Some ▁other ▁pieces ▁came ▁via ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁settlement ▁of ▁Mal ac ca ; ▁King ▁Manuel ▁I ▁had ▁several ▁acquired ▁from ▁Vas co ▁de ▁G ama . ▁The ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Art ▁and ▁Cur ios ities ▁at ▁Am bras ▁Castle ▁contains ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁ ▁Arch du ke ▁Ferd inand ▁II ▁of ▁Austria , ▁assembled ▁during ▁the ▁mid - 1 5 th ▁century . ▁These ▁early ▁collections , ▁typically ▁of ▁blue - and - white ▁ware , ▁were ▁regarded ▁as ▁rare ▁curios ▁and ▁art ▁objects , ▁and ▁were ▁often ▁mounted ▁in ▁precious ▁met als . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁sevent eenth ▁and ▁eight eenth ▁centuries ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁European ▁companies ▁were ▁established ▁to ▁import ▁various ▁commod ities ▁including ▁tea , ▁silk , ▁sp ices , ▁lac quer work ▁and ▁por cel ain ▁from ▁East ▁Asia . ▁Research ▁by ▁Vol ker ▁has ▁given ▁figures ▁for ▁the ▁trade ▁in ▁Chinese ▁and ▁Japanese ▁por cel ain ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁East ▁India ▁Company ; ▁between ▁ 1 6 0 2 ▁and ▁ 1 6 8 2 ▁the ▁company ▁export ed ▁between ▁ 3 0 ▁and ▁ 3 5 ▁million ▁pieces . ▁The ▁English ▁East ▁India ▁Company ▁also ▁imported ▁around ▁ 3 0 ▁million ▁pieces , ▁the ▁French ▁East ▁India ▁Company ▁ 1 2 ▁million , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁East ▁India ▁Company ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁and ▁the |
▁Swedish ▁East ▁India ▁Company ▁some ▁ 2 0 ▁million ▁pieces ▁between ▁ 1 7 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 7 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁massive ▁increase ▁in ▁imports ▁allowed ▁purch as ers ▁to ▁am ass ▁large ▁collections , ▁which ▁were ▁often ▁displayed ▁in ▁dedicated ▁rooms ▁or ▁purpose - built ▁structures . ▁The ▁T rian on ▁de ▁Por cell aine ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 6 7 0 ▁and ▁ 1 6 7 2 ▁was ▁a ▁Bar o que ▁p av il ion ▁constructed ▁to ▁display ▁Louis ▁XIV ' s ▁collection ▁of ▁blue - and - white ▁por cel ain , ▁set ▁against ▁French ▁blue - and - white ▁f ai ence ▁tiles ▁both ▁on ▁the ▁interior ▁and ▁exterior ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁It ▁was ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 7 . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁empire ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁X in h ai ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁por cel ain ▁for ▁the ▁imperial ▁household ▁ce ased . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁Y uan ▁Sh ik ai , ▁acting ▁as ▁the ▁Hong x ian ▁Emperor , ▁appointed ▁Gu o ▁Ba och ang ▁to ▁re - est ablish ▁the ▁imperial ▁dep ot ▁at ▁J ing de z hen . ▁Gu o ' s ▁work force ▁were ▁initially ▁set ▁to ▁produce ▁copies ▁of ▁Ru ▁ware , ▁but ▁this ▁approach ▁was ▁abandoned ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁copy ing ▁en am elled ▁ware ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁The ▁high - quality ▁por cel ain ▁of ▁the |
▁Hong x ian ▁establishment ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁after ▁the ▁abandon ment ▁of ▁the ▁empire ▁and ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Y uan ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ; ▁the ▁dep ot ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁the ▁Ji ang xi ▁Por cel ain ▁Company ▁who ▁retained ▁one ▁hundred ▁of ▁the ▁workers . ▁Production ▁of ▁en am elled ▁and ▁thin - wall ed ▁" eg gs hell " ▁ware ▁continued ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁with ▁many ▁pieces ▁bearing ▁Hong x ian ▁reign ▁marks . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁the ▁buildings ▁that ▁had ▁hous ed ▁the ▁imperial ▁super vis ors ▁were ▁being ▁used ▁as ▁army ▁barr acks . ▁ ▁Cer am ics ▁continue ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁on ▁a ▁large ▁scale ▁in ▁J ing de z hen , ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁styles , ▁many ▁reprodu cing ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁past ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁qualities , ▁with ▁J ing de z hen ▁por cel ain ▁being ▁shipped ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁One ▁trend ▁that ▁has ▁continued ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁is ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁super - th in ▁" eg gs hell " ▁por cel ain ▁for ▁v ases . ▁ ▁About ▁ 3 0 0 ▁million ▁pieces ▁of ▁por cel ain ▁were ▁being ▁produced ▁annually ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Development ▁of ▁kil n ▁technology ▁The ▁dragon ▁kil n ▁was ▁the ▁traditional ▁form ▁of ▁kil n ▁used ▁in ▁southern ▁China |
. ▁Also ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁climbing ▁kil n , ▁this ▁type ▁in ▁its ▁final ▁development ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁tunnel - like ▁fl ue ▁built ▁up ▁a ▁slope ▁from ▁a ▁main ▁fire box . ▁Along ▁the ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁kil n ▁subs idi ary ▁entr ances ▁for ▁side - st oking ▁enabled ▁the ▁whole ▁structure ▁to ▁be ▁heated , ▁and ▁allowing ▁the ▁later ▁dragon ▁kil ns ▁to ▁exceed ▁ 5 0 ▁metres ▁in ▁length ▁without ▁any ▁substantial ▁drop ▁in ▁temperature . ▁The ▁d ra ug ht ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁hot ▁air ▁up ▁the ▁slope ▁meant ▁that ▁the ▁dragon ▁kil n ▁could ▁be ▁built ▁without ▁a ▁chim ney . ▁ ▁This ▁type ▁of ▁kil n ▁was ▁sup pl anted ▁at ▁J ing de z hen ▁by ▁a ▁g our d - shaped ▁kil n , ▁with ▁a ▁large ▁firing ▁chamber ▁at ▁the ▁front , ▁connecting ▁to ▁a ▁smaller ▁chamber ▁with ▁a ▁lower ▁roof ▁and ▁a ▁chim ney . ▁The ▁g our d - shaped ▁kil n ▁could ▁produce ▁large ▁quantities ▁of ▁por cel ain , ▁fired ▁at ▁very ▁high ▁temperatures . ▁By ▁blocking ▁the ▁kil n ▁v ents ▁to ▁restrict ▁air ▁flow ▁to ▁the ▁fire ▁a ▁reducing ▁atmosphere ▁of ▁hydro gen ▁and ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁could ▁be ▁maintained , ▁which ▁was ▁necessary ▁for ▁some ▁gl az es ▁such ▁as ▁copper ▁red . ▁ ▁The ▁g our d - shaped ▁kil n ▁was ▁used ▁throughout ▁the ▁four teenth ▁century ; ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁M ing ▁period ▁it ▁was ▁sup pl anted |
▁by ▁the ▁egg - shaped ▁kil n ▁or ▁z hen y ao ▁kil n , ▁shaped ▁like ▁half ▁an ▁egg ▁on ▁its ▁side , ▁with ▁a ▁fire box ▁inside ▁the ▁kil n ▁at ▁the ▁broad ▁end ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁narrow ▁end ▁an ▁arch ▁commun icating ▁to ▁a ▁separate ▁chim ney . ▁The ▁chim ney ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁a ▁height ▁of ▁around ▁ 1 9 ▁metres ; ▁the ▁high ▁chim ney ▁increased ▁the ▁d ra ug ht ▁through ▁the ▁kil n ▁and ▁thus ▁reduced ▁the ▁timing ▁of ▁the ▁firing ▁cycle ▁to ▁around ▁ 3 6 ▁hours . ▁ ▁W ares ▁were ▁placed ▁inside ▁stack ed ▁s agg ars ▁on ▁a ▁floor ▁of ▁quart z ▁sand ; ▁as ▁the ▁s agg ars ▁protected ▁their ▁contents ▁from ▁direct ▁flame ▁both ▁fuel ▁and ▁air ▁could ▁be ▁introduced ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁interior ▁through ▁v ents , ▁allowing ▁temperature ▁regulation ▁throughout ▁the ▁kil n . ▁Pe eph oles ▁were ▁used ▁to ▁observe ▁the ▁colour ▁of ▁flame , ▁which ▁changes ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁conditions ▁and ▁temperature . ▁The ▁h ott est ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁kil n ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁fire box ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁crack le ▁gl az es ; ▁following ▁in wards ▁high - f ired ▁green ▁and ▁red ▁gl az es ▁in ▁a ▁reducing ▁atmosphere , ▁then ▁un col oured , ▁blue - gl azed , ▁and ▁decorated ▁ware ▁at ▁a ▁moderate ▁temperature , ▁followed ▁at ▁the ▁back ▁by ▁gl az es ▁to ▁be ▁fired ▁at ▁a ▁lower ▁temperature ▁and ▁tur qu oise - gl azed ▁ware ▁in |
▁an ▁ox id ising ▁atmosphere . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Can by , ▁She ila ▁R . ▁( ed ). ▁Shah ▁Abb as ; ▁The ▁Rem aking ▁of ▁Iran , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁British ▁Museum ▁Press , ▁ ▁Cooper , ▁Em manuel . ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Years ▁of ▁Pot tery , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁( 5 th ▁ed .), ▁British ▁Museum ▁Press , ▁ ▁K err , ▁Rose . ▁Chinese ▁Cer am ics ; ▁Por cel ain ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁D yn asty ▁ 1 6 4 4 – 1 9 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁re print ed ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁V & A ▁Public ations , ▁ ▁K ra hl , ▁R egin a , ▁" J ing de z hen " ▁Gro ve ▁Art ▁Online , ▁Oxford ▁Art ▁Online . ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press . ▁Web . ▁ 2 ▁Nov . ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁subscription ▁required ▁Mac int osh , ▁Duncan . ▁Chinese ▁Blue ▁and ▁White ▁Por cel ain , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( 3 rd ▁ed .), ▁Ant ique ▁Col lector ' s ▁Club , ▁ ▁Me ister , ▁Peter ▁Wilhelm ▁and ▁Re ber , ▁Hor st . ▁European ▁Por cel ain ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁Century , ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁Ph aid on ▁Press , ▁ ▁" M ing ": ▁Cl un as , ▁Craig ▁and ▁Harrison - H all , |
▁Jessica , ▁M ing : ▁ 5 0 ▁years ▁that ▁changed ▁China , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁British ▁Museum ▁Press , ▁ ▁" Need ham ": ▁K err , ▁Rose ▁and ▁Wood , ▁N ig el . ▁Science ▁and ▁Civil isation ▁in ▁China ; ▁Volume ▁ 5 . ▁Chem istry ▁and ▁Chem ical ▁Technology , ▁Part ▁ 1 2 . ▁Cer amic ▁Technology , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ ▁Raw son , ▁Jessica , ▁Chinese ▁Or nament : ▁The ▁Lot us ▁and ▁the ▁Dragon , ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁British ▁Museum ▁Public ations , ▁ ▁V ain ker , ▁S . J ., ▁Chinese ▁Pot tery ▁and ▁Por cel ain , ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁British ▁Museum ▁Press , ▁ ▁Val en stein , ▁S . ▁( 1 9 9 8 ). ▁A ▁hand book ▁of ▁Chinese ▁cer am ics ▁( fully ▁available ▁online ), ▁Met ropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Gil lette , ▁Mar is ▁Boy d . ▁China ' s ▁Por cel ain ▁Capital : ▁The ▁R ise , ▁Fall ▁and ▁Rein vention ▁of ▁Cer am ics ▁in ▁J ing de z hen , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Bloom sb ury ▁Publishing , ▁ ▁H ana oka ▁and ▁Bar ber ri ▁trans ., ▁Mas ah iko ▁S ato , ▁Chinese ▁Cer am ics : ▁A ▁Short ▁History , ▁We ather hill , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁Tokyo , ▁ 1 9 |
8 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 – 2 0 5 ▁Jen yn s , ▁So ame . ▁M ing ▁Pot tery ▁and ▁Por cel ain , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁( 2 nd ▁ed .), ▁Fab er ▁and ▁Fab er , ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : Ch inese ▁por cel ain ▁Category : Culture ▁in ▁Ji ang xi <0x0A> </s> ▁Eld on ▁Wor ob ie ff ▁( 1 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁row er . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁eight ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁row ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁row ers ▁of ▁Canada ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Common wealth ▁Games ▁med all ists ▁in ▁row ing ▁Category : Common wealth ▁Games ▁bronze ▁med all ists ▁for ▁Canada ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁British ▁Empire ▁and ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁row ing ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Canada ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁Alexander ▁Alexander ov ich ▁Mis |
ur kin ▁() ▁born ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁a ▁major ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁Air ▁Force , ▁is ▁a ▁Russian ▁cos mon aut , ▁selected ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁He ▁flew ▁aboard ▁S oy uz ▁T MA - 0 8 M ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁his ▁first ▁space ▁mission , ▁and ▁launched ▁on ▁S oy uz ▁MS - 0 6 ▁as ▁his ▁second ▁flight , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station ▁for ▁Ex ped ition ▁ 5 4 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁Mis ur kin ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Ol ga ▁An at ol iev na ▁Mis ur k ina . ▁The ▁couple ▁has ▁two ▁children . ▁His ▁parents , ▁Ly ud m ila ▁Georg iev na ▁and ▁Alexander ▁Mik h ail ov ich ▁Mis ur kin , ▁res ide ▁in ▁O ry ol , ▁Russia . ▁ ▁Education ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁Mis ur kin ▁graduated ▁from ▁voc ational ▁school ▁# 1 ▁in ▁O ry ol . ▁He ▁then ▁entered ▁the ▁K ach a ▁High ▁Air ▁Force ▁Pil ot ▁School , ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁to ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁He ▁continued ▁pilot ▁training ▁at ▁the ▁Arm av ir ▁Military ▁A vi ation ▁Institute , ▁and ▁graduated ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁with ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ▁as ▁a ▁pilot - engine er . ▁ ▁Cos mon aut ▁career ▁In ▁October ▁ |
2 0 0 6 ▁Mis ur kin ▁was ▁approved ▁as ▁a ▁cos mon aut ▁candidate ▁and ▁en listed ▁in ▁the ▁G ag arin ▁Cos mon aut ▁Training ▁Center ▁Cos mon aut ▁( G CT C ) ▁Corps . ▁He ▁took ▁the ▁basic ▁training ▁at ▁G CT C ▁from ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁which ▁he ▁completed ▁on ▁ 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Mis ur kin ▁was ▁qualified ▁as ▁a ▁test - cos mon aut ▁ 9 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁From ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁he ▁took ▁advanced ▁training ▁special izing ▁in ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station ▁( I SS ) ▁program . ▁From ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁he ▁trained ▁as ▁the ▁Ex ped ition ▁ 3 3 / 3 4 ▁and ▁S oy uz ▁T MA - M ▁backup ▁crew ▁flight ▁engineer . ▁ ▁S oy uz ▁T MA - 0 8 M ▁/ ▁Ex ped ition ▁ 3 5 / 3 6 ▁Mis ur kin ▁flew ▁on ▁S oy uz ▁T MA - 0 8 M ▁which ▁launched ▁at ▁ 2 0 : 4 3 : 2 0 ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁man ned ▁flight ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁fast ▁rend ez v ous ▁approach ▁to ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station , ▁reaching ▁the ▁space ▁station ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁ 6 ▁hours . ▁Pre vious |
▁flights ▁had ▁required ▁two ▁days ▁to ▁dock ▁with ▁the ▁station . ▁Mis ur kin ▁joined ▁the ▁crew ▁of ▁I SS ▁Ex ped ition ▁ 3 5 . ▁ ▁S oy uz ▁MS - 0 6 ▁/ ▁Ex ped ition ▁ 5 3 / 5 4 ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Mis ur kin ▁along ▁with ▁flight ▁engineer ▁Anton ▁Sh kap ler ov ▁participated ▁in ▁an ▁ 8 - hour ▁ 1 3 ▁minutes ▁space walk ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁I SS ▁to ▁replace ▁an ▁old ▁electron ics ▁box ▁for ▁a ▁high - gain ▁communications ▁anten na . ▁At ▁completion , ▁the ▁two ▁cos mon aut s ▁set ▁a ▁new ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁longest ▁Russian ▁space walk ▁to ▁date . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R ussian ▁cos mon aut s ▁Category : Command ers ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station <0x0A> </s> ▁ 1 6 2 ▁Regiment ▁R LC ▁is ▁an ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Regiment ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Army ' s ▁Royal ▁Log istic ▁Corps . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁reg iment ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Corps ▁of ▁Transport ▁as ▁ 1 6 2 nd ▁Movement ▁Control ▁Regiment , ▁R CT ▁( Vol unte ers ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁It ▁absorbed ▁ 8 8 ▁Post al ▁and ▁Cou rier ▁Regiment ▁R LC ▁and ▁was ▁re - named ▁ ▁as ▁ 1 6 2 ▁Regiment ▁R LC ▁in ▁ |
2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁The ▁current ▁structure ▁is ▁as ▁follows : ▁ 2 7 9 ▁H Q ▁Squadron ▁at ▁Bil borough , ▁Not ting ham ▁ 2 8 0 ▁Movement ▁Control ▁Squadron ▁at ▁Sw ind on ▁▁ 2 8 1 ▁Movement ▁Control ▁Squadron ▁at ▁Bil borough , ▁Not ting ham ▁▁ 2 8 2 ▁Movement ▁Control ▁Squadron ▁at ▁C oul by ▁New ham ▁ 8 7 1 ▁Post al ▁& ▁Cou rier ▁Squadron ▁at ▁Mar low ▁ 8 8 3 ▁Post al ▁& ▁Cou rier ▁Squadron ▁at ▁Hart le pool ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁Category : Mil itary ▁log istics ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Ar my ▁Reserve ▁( Un ited ▁Kingdom ) ▁Category : Reg iments ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Log istic ▁Corps <0x0A> </s> ▁M ile castle ▁ 1 2 ▁( H ed don ) ▁was ▁a ▁mile castle ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Had rian ' s ▁Wall . ▁ ▁Its ▁remains ▁lay ▁under ▁Town ▁Farm , ▁H ed don - on - the - Wall , ▁( just ▁opposite ▁the ▁farm ▁house ) ▁with ▁nothing ▁visible ▁on ▁the ▁surface . ▁ ▁Construction ▁ ▁M ile castle ▁ 1 2 ▁is ▁of ▁unknown ▁axis ▁and ▁gate way ▁types . ▁ ▁Ex c av ations ▁and ▁investig ations ▁circa ▁ 1 7 4 6 ▁- ▁During ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁Road , ▁two ▁in scriptions ▁were ▁discovered ▁( pres umed ▁to ▁be ▁from ▁the ▁H ed don - on |
- the - Wall ▁area ). ▁ ▁These ▁att est ▁re building ▁work ▁by ▁the ▁Leg io ▁VI ▁Vict rix . ▁ ▁One ▁reads ▁" LE G · VI · V · P · F · REF · TER · ET · S AC · CO S ", ▁referring ▁to ▁T ert ull us ▁and ▁Sac erd os ▁( Cons uls ▁for ▁ 1 5 8 AD ). ▁ 1 7 5 2 ▁- ▁A ▁large ▁ho ard ▁of ▁coins ▁in ▁wooden ▁boxes ▁is ▁found ▁here . ▁ 1 8 2 0 ▁- ▁A ▁small ▁ho ard ▁of ▁coins ▁is ▁found ▁near ▁here . ▁ ▁These ▁compr ise ▁coins ▁from ▁Emperor ▁Max im ian ▁( 2 8 6 ▁- ▁ 3 0 5 ▁AD ) ▁to ▁Emperor ▁Arc ad ius ▁( 3 8 3 ▁- ▁ 4 0 8 ▁AD ). ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁- ▁The ▁north ▁gate ▁is ▁recorded ▁as ▁having ▁been ▁found . ▁ 1 9 2 8 - 2 9 ▁- ▁A ▁further ▁search ▁is ▁made , ▁without ▁success . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁- ▁English ▁Heritage ▁Field ▁Invest igation . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁noted ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁no ▁surface ▁indic ations ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁site ▁could ▁be ▁established , ▁and ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁largely ▁covered ▁by ▁modern ▁farm ▁buildings . ▁▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁- ▁English ▁Heritage ▁Field ▁Invest igation . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁noted ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁surface ▁trace ▁of ▁the ▁mile castle , ▁though ▁its ▁exact ▁position ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁Associ |
ated ▁tur rets ▁ ▁Each ▁mile castle ▁on ▁Had rian ' s ▁Wall ▁had ▁two ▁associated ▁tur ret ▁structures . ▁ ▁These ▁tur rets ▁were ▁positioned ▁approximately ▁one - third ▁and ▁two - third s ▁of ▁a ▁Roman ▁mile ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁M ile castle , ▁and ▁would ▁probably ▁have ▁been ▁man ned ▁by ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁mile castle ' s ▁g arr ison . ▁ ▁The ▁tur rets ▁associated ▁with ▁M ile castle ▁ 1 2 ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 A ▁and ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 B . ▁ ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 A ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 A ▁( H ed don ▁West ) ▁is ▁located ▁beside ▁( and ▁mainly ▁beneath ) ▁the ▁B 6 3 1 8 ▁Military ▁Road ▁a ▁short ▁distance ▁West ▁North ▁West ▁of ▁H ed don - on - the - Wall . ▁ ▁No ▁surface ▁traces ▁are ▁currently ▁visible . ▁ ▁The ▁tur ret ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁as ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁M ile castle ▁ 1 2 . ▁ ▁This ▁location ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁a ▁partial ▁exc av ation ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁walls ▁were ▁reduced ▁to ▁ground ▁level ▁beyond ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁road way , ▁but ▁had ▁the ▁same ▁plan ▁as ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 B . ▁However , ▁the ▁platform ▁( which ▁occupied ▁the ▁South ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁interior ▁of ▁Tur rets ▁ 1 2 B ▁and ▁ 1 |
3 A ), ▁was ▁too ▁badly ▁ro bb ed ▁for ▁any ▁trace ▁to ▁remain . ▁ ▁The ▁mort ared ▁walls ▁were ▁recorded ▁as ▁ ▁thick , ▁with ▁the ▁doorway ▁lying ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁Location ▁on ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁ 1 : 2 5 ▁ 0 0 0 ▁map : ▁ ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 B ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 B ▁( N orth ▁L odge ) ▁is ▁located ▁beside ▁the ▁Military ▁Road ▁( at ▁a ▁point ▁where ▁the ▁B 6 3 1 8 ▁is ▁di verted ▁away ▁from ▁it , ▁but ▁it ▁still ▁exists ▁as ▁a ▁narrow ▁met aled ▁track ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁ 5 4 3 ▁yards ▁from ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 a ▁and ▁ 5 2 9 ▁yards ▁from ▁M ile castle ▁ 1 3 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁exc av ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁and ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁almost ▁identical ▁in ▁plan ▁to ▁Tur ret ▁ 1 2 A . ▁ ▁The ▁platform ▁was ▁rect angular ▁and ▁occupied ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁interior . ▁ ▁Location ▁on ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁ 1 : 2 5 ▁ 0 0 0 ▁map : ▁ ▁Mon ument ▁Records ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Had rian ' s ▁Wall : ▁visiting ▁information ▁English ▁Heritage ▁ ▁Had rian ' s ▁Wall : ▁Arch ae ological ▁research ▁ 1 9 7 6 - 2 0 0 0 ▁English ▁Heritage ▁▁ |
1 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Prim era ▁Div isión ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 7 7 th ▁season ▁of ▁top - fl ight ▁football ▁in ▁Argentina , ▁continuing ▁with ▁the ▁Met ropol it ano ▁and ▁Nacional ▁championship s ▁format , ▁won ▁by ▁San ▁Loren zo ▁and ▁V é lez ▁S á rs field ▁respectively . ▁▁ ▁Fer ro ▁C . ▁O este ▁and ▁Tig re ▁were ▁re leg ated . ▁ ▁Campeonato ▁Met ropol it ano ▁ ▁Group ▁A ▁ ▁Group ▁B ▁ ▁Sem if inals ▁San ▁Loren zo ▁ 3 – 1 ▁River ▁Pl ate ▁V é lez ▁S á rs field ▁ 0 – 1 ▁Est ud iant es ▁LP ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁Re cl as ific ator io ▁Tour nament ▁ ▁Prom oc ional ▁Tour nament ▁ ▁Campeonato ▁Nacional ▁▁ 1 st ▁place ▁play offs ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Arg ent ine ▁Prim era ▁Div isión ▁seasons ▁Argent ine ▁Prim era ▁Division ▁ 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Martin ▁Sch ur ig ▁( 1 6 5 6 – 1 7 3 3 ) ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁physician ▁to ▁occup y ▁himself ▁with ▁the ▁an at omy ▁of ▁the ▁sexual ▁org ans . ▁▁ ▁Based ▁in ▁D res den , ▁Sch ur ig ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁S per mat ologia ▁Histor ico - Med ica , ▁often ▁known ▁simply ▁as ▁S per mat ologia , ▁published ▁in ▁Latin ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 0 . ▁H avel ock ▁Ell is ▁quotes ▁freely ▁from ▁his ▁works . |
▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Sch ur ig , ▁M . ▁S per mat ologia ▁histor ico - med ica . ▁Johann is ▁Beck ii , ▁Frank fort , ▁ 1 7 2 0 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 3 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁German ▁phys icians ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁German ▁phys icians ▁Category : G erman ▁sex ologists ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁German ▁writers ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁German ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Lady ▁Java , ▁also ▁known ▁simply ▁as ▁Lady ▁Java ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁trans gender ▁rights ▁activ ist , ▁exotic ▁d ancer , ▁singer , ▁comed ian , ▁and ▁actress . ▁Active ▁on ▁stage , ▁television , ▁radio ▁and ▁film ▁from ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 6 0 s ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁she ▁is ▁a ▁popular ▁and ▁influential ▁personality ▁in ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles - area ▁African - American ▁LGBT ▁community . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Born ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Louisiana ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁Java ▁transition ed ▁gender ▁at ▁a ▁young ▁age ▁with ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁her ▁mother , ▁and ▁began ▁singing ▁and ▁dancing ▁in ▁local ▁night club s . ▁ ▁Career ▁and ▁legal ▁battle ▁In ▁her ▁early ▁tw enties , ▁she ▁moved ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California , ▁where ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁she ▁was |
▁a ▁main st ay ▁of ▁the ▁night club ▁circuit ▁and ▁associated ▁with ▁such ▁figures ▁as ▁Red d ▁Fox x , ▁Sam my ▁Davis ▁Jr ., ▁Richard ▁P ry or , ▁Rud y ▁Ray ▁Moore , ▁and ▁Don ▁Rick les . ▁She ▁was ▁frequently ▁featured ▁in ▁such ▁magazines ▁as ▁Jet , ▁H EP , ▁the ▁LA ▁Adv ocate , ▁and ▁Var iety . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Police ▁Department ▁began ▁shut ting ▁down ▁the ▁now - f amous ▁Java ' s ▁performances , ▁c iting ▁a ▁local ▁ordin ance ▁prohib iting ▁the ▁" im person ation ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁costume ▁or ▁dress ▁a ▁person ▁of ▁the ▁opposite ▁sex ," ▁and ▁threatening ▁to ▁fine ▁clubs ▁that ▁hosted ▁her . ▁In ▁response , ▁Java ▁pick eted ▁Red d ▁Fox x ' s ▁club ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 1 ▁and ▁hired ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁Liber ties ▁Union ▁in ▁a ▁bid ▁to ▁over turn ▁the ▁rule . ▁The ▁courts ▁eventually ▁rejected ▁Java ' s ▁case ▁with ▁the ▁A CLU , ▁st ip ulating ▁that ▁only ▁club ▁owners ▁could ▁sue . ▁Rule ▁Number ▁ 9 ▁ultimately ▁was ▁struck ▁down ▁after ▁a ▁separate ▁dispute ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Java ▁performed ▁with ▁L ena ▁Hor ne ▁at ▁a ▁birthday ▁party ▁for ▁night club ▁owner ▁and ▁column ist ▁Ger tr ude ▁G ip son . ▁ ▁Later ▁years ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁Java ▁kept ▁a |
▁lower ▁public ▁profile . ▁Since ▁ret iring ▁from ▁performance ▁and ▁recover ing ▁from ▁a ▁stroke , ▁she ▁has ▁made ▁a ▁limited ▁return ▁to ▁public ▁life , ▁appearing ▁locally ▁in ▁southern ▁California ▁and ▁giving ▁interviews . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁guest ▁of ▁honor ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁annual ▁Trans ▁Pr ide ▁L . A . ▁festival ▁alongside ▁Ce C e ▁McDonald . ▁Java ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁trail bl az er . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁– ▁Gu est ▁of ▁honor , ▁Alpha ▁Chapter ▁( Los ▁Angeles ) ▁of ▁the ▁Full ▁Person ality ▁Expression ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁– ▁Gu est ▁of ▁honor , ▁ 1 8 th ▁Annual ▁Trans ▁Pr ide ▁L . A . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ 2 5 - minute ▁interview ▁with ▁Sir ▁Lady ▁Java ▁ ▁Category : L GBT ▁African ▁Americans ▁Category : L GBT ▁people ▁from ▁California ▁Category : L GBT ▁people ▁from ▁Louisiana ▁Category : L GBT ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Category : Trans gender ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁Category : Trans gender ▁and ▁trans sex ual ▁women ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁Daniel ▁Harry ▁Fried an ▁( born ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁theoretical ▁phys ic ist ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁femin ist |
▁author ▁and ▁activ ist ▁Bet ty ▁Fried an . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁currently . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Education ▁and ▁career ▁Fried an ▁earned ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Berkeley ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁Mac Ar thur ▁Fellow ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁he ▁showed ▁that ▁the ▁equations ▁of ▁mot ions ▁of ▁string ▁theory , ▁which ▁are ▁general izations ▁of ▁the ▁Einstein ▁equations ▁of ▁general ▁rel ativity , ▁emerge ▁from ▁the ▁ren ormal ization ▁group ▁equations ▁for ▁the ▁two - dimensional ▁field ▁theory . ▁ ▁Fried an ▁has ▁worked ▁in ▁string ▁theory ▁and ▁cond ensed ▁matter ▁theory , ▁special izing ▁in ▁( 1 + 1 )- dimensional ▁systems . ▁His ▁current ▁research ▁focuses ▁on ▁applications ▁to ▁quantum ▁computers . ▁ ▁Fried an ▁received ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Lars ▁On s ager ▁Prize ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Physical ▁Society ▁" for ▁sem inal ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁classification ▁and ▁character ization ▁of ▁two - dimensional ▁unit ary ▁conform al ▁field ▁theories ▁of ▁critical ▁states ." ▁He ▁teaches ▁at ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁currently . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Daniel ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁an ▁I cel and ic ▁physics ▁teacher , ▁R agn he i ð ur ▁Gu ð mund sd ó tt ir . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁daughters ▁and ▁one ▁son ▁together . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Daniel ▁Fried an ' s |
▁home page , ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁phys ic ists ▁Category : J ew ish ▁American ▁scientists ▁Category : Mac Ar thur ▁F ell ows ▁Category : String ▁the or ists ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Physical ▁Society ▁Category : The oret ical ▁phys ic ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁Berkeley ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Local ▁time ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Local ▁mean ▁time ▁ ▁Local ▁time ▁( mat hemat ics ) ▁ ▁Local ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁L orent z ▁et her ▁theory <0x0A> </s> ▁Seth ▁Am oo ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Gh ana ian ▁spr inter ▁who ▁special izes ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 ▁metres . ▁ ▁Am oo ▁represented ▁Gh ana ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Beijing . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 ▁metres ▁and ▁placed ▁fourth ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁round ▁heat ▁in ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁ 2 0 . 9 1 ▁seconds , ▁which ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁to ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁record ▁ ▁Personal ▁best s ▁ 6 0 ▁metres ▁- ▁ 6 . 7 0 ▁s ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ 1 0 0 ▁metres ▁- ▁ 1 0 . 3 0 ▁s ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ 2 0 |
0 ▁metres ▁- ▁ 2 0 . 3 6 ▁s ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ 4 0 0 ▁metres ▁- ▁ 4 6 . 0 8 ▁s ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G h ana ian ▁male ▁spr inters ▁Category : Common wealth ▁Games ▁competitors ▁for ▁Gh ana ▁Category : A thlet es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : A thlet es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁athletes ▁of ▁Gh ana ▁Category : A fr ican ▁Games ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Gh ana ▁Category : A fr ican ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁athlet ics ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁Category : World ▁Athlet ics ▁Championships ▁athletes ▁for ▁Gh ana ▁Category : A thlet es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁All - A frica ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁D ud ka ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Bor owie , ▁within ▁Gar w olin ▁County , ▁Mas ov ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁east - cent ral ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Bor owie , ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁Gar w olin , ▁and ▁ ▁south - east ▁of ▁Wars aw . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁D ud ka |
<0x0A> </s> ▁Sh irt P unch ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁internet ▁retail er ▁for ▁app arel . ▁ ▁Over view ▁Sh irt P unch ▁special izes ▁in ▁n erd ▁and ▁pop ▁culture ▁them ed ▁t - sh irts ▁and ▁sweat sh irts . ▁Each ▁design ▁offered ▁is ▁available ▁for ▁ 2 4 ▁hours , ▁with ▁new ▁designs ▁made ▁available ▁daily . ▁Sh irt P unch ▁util izes ▁a ▁community ▁of ▁independent ▁artists ▁and ▁designers , ▁with ▁designs ▁frequently ▁featuring ▁m ash ups ▁of ▁pop ▁culture , ▁video ▁game , ▁anime ▁and ▁comic ▁book ▁themes . ▁Sh irt P unch ▁also ▁featured ▁licensed ▁partnership s ▁with ▁Advent ure ▁Time , ▁Star ▁Wars , ▁Kevin ▁Smith ▁and ▁other ▁media . ▁ ▁Sh irt P unch ▁frequently ▁collabor ates ▁with ▁cele brit ies ▁who ▁design ▁or ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁their ▁app arel , ▁including : ▁Stan ▁Lee , ▁Kevin ▁Smith , ▁Jason ▁M ew es , ▁Ric key ▁G erv ais , ▁Ru pert ▁Gr int , ▁Lauren ce ▁Fish burn e ▁and ▁War wick ▁Davis . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁designs ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁organizations ▁such ▁as ▁Little ▁People ▁UK , ▁Make ▁A ▁W ish ▁Foundation ▁and ▁TH R IVE G ulu , ▁with ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁of ▁proceed s ▁going ▁to ▁charity . ▁Sh irt P unch ▁also ▁partner ed ▁with ▁Canada ▁Post ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Canada ▁Post ▁Community ▁Foundation ▁for ▁Children . ▁Sh irt P unch ▁won ▁Canada ▁Post ' s ▁E - commerce ▁Innov ation ▁Award . ▁ ▁In |
▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Sh irt P unch ▁shut ▁down , ▁without ▁any ▁public ▁explanation . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁its ▁parent ▁company , ▁F an ▁Block s , ▁filed ▁for ▁bankrupt cy . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Sh irt P unch ▁rel a unched ▁under ▁new ▁ownership . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Sh irt P unch . com ▁ ▁Category : On line ▁clothing ▁retail ers ▁of ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl ann ad ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁album ▁by ▁Irish ▁folk ▁group ▁Cl ann ad . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁by ▁Phil ips ▁Ireland . ▁It ▁was ▁re iss ued ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁The ▁Pretty ▁M aid . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁CD ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁by ▁Royal ▁Records ▁International ▁again ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Cl ann ad , ▁with ▁a ▁bonus ▁track ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁songs ▁in ▁both ▁Irish ▁G ael ic ▁and ▁English , ▁including ▁a ▁cover ▁version ▁of ▁Bon nie ▁Dob son ' s ▁" M or ning ▁D ew ", ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁many ▁traditional ▁Irish ▁songs . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁tracks ▁Trad itional ; ▁except ▁where ▁indicated ▁▁ ▁" N íl ▁Sé ▁In a ▁L á ▁( N íl ▁Sé ' n ▁L á )" ▁– ▁ 4 : 5 0 ▁ ▁" Th í |
os ▁Co is ▁Na ▁Tr á ▁Dom h " ▁– ▁ 2 : 5 5 ▁ ▁" B rian ▁Bor u ' s ▁March " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 0 ▁ ▁" Si ú bh án ▁N í ▁D hu ib hir " ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 0 ▁ ▁" An ▁M ha igh de an ▁M h ara " ▁– ▁ 2 : 1 0 ▁ ▁" L iza " ▁( Pad ra ig ▁D ug gan , ▁P ól ▁Bren nan ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 0 0 ▁ ▁" An ▁t O ile án ▁Ú r " ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 3 ▁ ▁" M rs . ▁Mc D erm ott " ▁( T url ough ▁O ' Car olan ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 3 ▁ ▁" The ▁Pretty ▁M aid " ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 0 ▁ ▁" An ▁Ph á ir c " ▁( M ick ▁Han ly ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 0 ▁ ▁" Har vest ▁Home " ▁– ▁ 1 : 4 0 ▁ ▁" M or ning ▁D ew " ▁( Bon nie ▁Dob son , ▁Tim ▁Rose ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 5 ▁ ▁Bon us ▁Track ▁ ▁" An ▁Be al ach ▁Se o ▁' t á ▁Rom ham " ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 2 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : Cl ann ad ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁ST ▁depression ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁finding ▁on |
▁an ▁electro card i ogram , ▁wherein ▁the ▁trace ▁in ▁the ▁ST ▁segment ▁is ▁ab norm ally ▁low ▁below ▁the ▁baseline . ▁ ▁C auses ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁a ▁sign ▁of ▁my oc ard ial ▁is chem ia , ▁of ▁which ▁coron ary ▁ins uff iciency ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁cause . ▁Other ▁is che mic ▁heart ▁diseases ▁causing ▁ST ▁depression ▁include : ▁Sub end oc ard ial ▁is chem ia ▁or ▁even ▁inf ar ction . ▁Sub end oc ard ial ▁means ▁non ▁full ▁thickness ▁is chem ia . ▁In ▁contrast , ▁ST ▁elev ation ▁is ▁transm ural ▁( or ▁full ▁thickness ) ▁is chem ia ▁Non ▁Q - wave ▁my oc ard ial ▁inf ar ction ▁Rec ip ro cal ▁changes ▁in ▁ac ute ▁Q - wave ▁my oc ard ial ▁inf ar ction ▁( e . g ., ▁ST ▁depression ▁in ▁leads ▁I ▁& ▁a VL ▁with ▁ac ute ▁inferior ▁my oc ard ial ▁inf ar ction ) ▁ST ▁segment ▁depression ▁and ▁T - wave ▁changes ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁patients ▁with ▁un stable ▁ang ina ▁ ▁Dep ressed ▁but ▁up sl oping ▁ST ▁segment ▁generally ▁rules ▁out ▁is chem ia ▁as ▁a ▁cause . ▁ ▁Also , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁normal ▁variant ▁or ▁art ifacts , ▁such ▁as : ▁P se udo - ST - de pression , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁wand ering ▁baseline ▁due ▁to ▁poor ▁skin ▁contact ▁of ▁the ▁electro de ▁Phys i olog ic ▁J - j unction al ▁depression ▁with ▁sin us ▁t ach y |
card ia ▁Hy per vent ilation ▁ ▁Other , ▁non - ische mic , ▁causes ▁include : ▁ ▁Side ▁effect ▁of ▁dig ox in ▁ ▁H yp okal em ia ▁ ▁Right ▁or ▁left ▁vent ric ular ▁hy pert ro phy ▁In tr av entric ular ▁condu ction ▁ab normal ities ▁( e . g ., ▁right ▁or ▁left ▁bundle ▁branch ▁block , ▁WP W , ▁etc .) ▁ ▁H yp other m ia ▁ ▁T ach y card ia ▁ ▁Rec ip ro cal ▁ST ▁elev ation ▁Mit ral ▁val ve ▁pro l apse ▁Central ▁nervous ▁system ▁disease , ▁such ▁as ▁stroke ▁ ▁M n emon ic ▁A ▁m n emon ic ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁some ▁causes ▁of ▁ST ▁depression , ▁namely ▁DE PRE S SED ▁ST : ▁ ▁D ▁- ▁D ro oping ▁val ve ▁( M V ▁Pro l apse ) ▁E ▁- ▁En larg ement ▁of ▁the ▁left ▁vent ric le ▁P ▁- ▁Pot ass ium ▁loss ▁R ▁- ▁Rec ip ro cal ▁ST ▁depression ▁( e . g . ▁inferior ▁MI ) ▁E ▁- ▁En ce ph al on ▁hem orr h age ▁S ▁- ▁Sub end oc ard ial ▁inf ar ct ▁S ▁- ▁Sub end oc ard ial ▁is chem ia ▁E ▁- ▁Emb ol ism ▁( pul mon ary ) ▁D ▁- ▁D il ated ▁card i omy opath y ▁S ▁- ▁Sh ock ▁T ▁- ▁T ox icity ▁( dig ital is / quin id ine ) ▁ ▁Phys i ology ▁ ▁For |
▁non - trans m ural ▁is chem ia ▁( sub end oc ard ial ▁is chem ia ) ▁injured ▁cells ▁are ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁inside ▁of ▁heart ▁wall , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁syst olic ▁injury ▁current . ▁A ▁syst olic ▁injury ▁current ▁results ▁from ▁a ▁greater ▁de pol ar ization ▁in ▁health ier ▁cells . ▁Because ▁the ▁sub ep ic ard ial ▁region ▁is ▁more ▁de pol ar ized ▁( more ▁positive ) ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁end omy oc ard ial ▁cells , ▁the ▁current ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁vent ric le ▁flows ▁toward ▁the ▁end omy oc ard ial ▁cells . ▁The ▁current ▁flows ▁from ▁the ▁more ▁positive ▁sub ep ic ard ium ▁to ▁the ▁less ▁positive ▁sub end oc ard ium ▁during ▁phase ▁ 2 ▁of ▁the ▁fast ▁fiber ▁type ▁de pol ar ization , ▁which ▁on ▁E CG ▁occurs ▁during ▁ST ▁segment . ▁The ▁positive ▁electro des ▁on ▁the ▁anterior ▁chest ▁wall ▁detect ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁positive ▁charge ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁electro de ▁and ▁record ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁down ward ▁def lection ▁on ▁the ▁E CG ▁paper . ▁ ▁Me asure ment ▁ST ▁segment ▁depression ▁may ▁be ▁determined ▁by ▁measuring ▁the ▁vertical ▁distance ▁between ▁the ▁patient ' s ▁trace ▁and ▁the ▁is oe lect ric ▁line ▁at ▁a ▁location ▁ 2 - 3 ▁mill im eters ▁from ▁the ▁Q RS ▁complex . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁significant ▁if ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 mm ▁in ▁V 5 - V 6 , ▁or ▁ 1 . 5 mm ▁in ▁AV |
F ▁or ▁III . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁card iac ▁stress ▁test , ▁an ▁ST ▁depression ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 mm ▁after ▁ad en os ine ▁administration ▁indicates ▁a ▁revers ible ▁is cha em ia , ▁while ▁an ▁exercise ▁stress ▁test ▁requires ▁an ▁ST ▁depression ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 mm ▁to ▁significantly ▁indicate ▁revers ible ▁is cha em ia . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁ST ▁segment ▁ ▁ST ▁elev ation ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Card iac ▁arr hythm ia ▁Category : Med ical ▁m n emon ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Pin ole , ▁California , ▁United ▁States , ▁in ▁Con tra ▁Costa ▁County . ▁First ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁the ▁school ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Con tra ▁Costa ▁Un ified ▁School ▁District . ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁High ▁serves ▁grades ▁ 9 – 1 2 , ▁and ▁has ▁approximately ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁students . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁girls ' ▁basketball ▁team . ▁Coach ▁Dan ▁O ' She a ▁was ▁named ▁" Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁by ▁the ▁Oak land ▁Trib une . ▁ ▁Cur riculum ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁Study ▁Program s ▁ ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁High ▁offers ▁several ▁special ▁programs ▁for ▁students , ▁such ▁as ▁Advanced ▁Pl acement ▁classes , ▁C PA ▁Career ▁Academy ▁classes ▁offered ▁through ▁its ▁Health , ▁Law ▁& ▁Justice , ▁and ▁Engineering ▁academ ies , ▁Jazz |
▁Band , ▁Ch oir , ▁P iano , ▁American ▁Sign ▁Language , ▁and ▁award ▁winning ▁Per forming ▁and ▁Visual ▁Arts ▁programs . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁also ▁gained ▁status ▁as ▁an ▁International ▁B ac cal a ure ate ▁World ▁School . ▁The ▁P V HS ▁I B ▁Di pl oma ▁Program me ▁ ▁offers ▁I B ▁class ▁se lections ▁starting ▁the ▁ 2 0 - 2 1 ▁school ▁year . ▁ ▁Not able ▁Music ▁Program ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁a ▁notable ▁music ▁program ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁Sp art an ▁March ing ▁Band ▁performs ▁in ▁several ▁Pin ole ▁events ▁and ▁used ▁to , ▁on ▁a ▁larger ▁scale , ▁in ▁ven ues ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Chinese ▁New ▁Year ▁Par ade ▁and ▁Disney land ▁in ▁Ana heim , ▁California . ▁ ▁Port able ▁Valley ▁High ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Pr incipal ▁K ib by ▁Kle iman ▁cut ▁the ▁rib bon ▁of ▁a ▁brand - new , ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁campus . ▁This ▁comes ▁after ▁five ▁years ▁of ▁no ▁permanent ▁campus . ▁Dub bed ▁" Port able ▁Valley " ▁by ▁the ▁students ▁and ▁community , ▁the ▁temporary ▁campus ▁served ▁the ▁stud ends ▁of ▁P V ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Historical ▁economic ▁problems ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁school ▁district ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁eliminate ▁all ▁high ▁school ▁sports , ▁close ▁all ▁libraries ▁and ▁lay ▁off ▁all |
▁music ▁teachers ▁and ▁counsel ors ▁in ▁its ▁$ 1 8 0 ▁million ▁budget ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 . ▁ ▁Not able ▁al umn i ▁▁ ▁Den z il ▁Foster , ▁Record ▁producer / s ong writer ▁ ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong , ▁lead ▁singer ▁of ▁Green ▁Day ▁( att ended ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁graduate ) ▁ ▁Jeff ▁B ec erra , ▁lead ▁singer ▁of ▁Poss essed ▁ ▁Thomas ▁De C oud , ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁player ▁ ▁Mike ▁Dir nt , ▁bass ist ▁for ▁Green ▁Day ▁ ▁J oc ely n ▁En rique z ▁ ▁Tr avis ▁Fe en ey , ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁player , ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Harris , ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁player ▁ ▁Nathan ▁Hay nes , ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁player ▁ ▁I am su ! , ▁rap per ▁ ▁P - Lo , ▁producer / rapper ▁ ▁Larry ▁La L onde , ▁guitar ist ▁for ▁Prim us ▁ ▁Chris ▁Sing leton , ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁player ▁ ▁Dale ▁S ve um , ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁player ▁and ▁manager ▁ ▁G ino ▁Tor rett a , He is man ▁award ▁winner , ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁player ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁School ▁website ▁School ▁District ▁website ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁High ▁School ▁at ▁great school s . net ▁Pin ole ▁Valley ▁High ▁School ▁at ▁locals cho old irect ory . com ▁ ▁Category : Pin ole , ▁California ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁Con tra ▁Costa |
▁County , ▁California ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁Category : Public ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Rebecca ▁Par r , ▁later ▁b illed ▁as ▁Rebecca ▁Par r ▁C io ff i , ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁television ▁writer , ▁story ▁editor ▁and ▁producer ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁work ▁on ▁Che ers , ▁Rose anne , ▁Max ▁Head room , ▁Simon ▁& ▁Simon , ▁and ▁He arts ▁Af ire ▁amongst ▁other ▁shows . ▁ ▁Par r ▁initially ▁worked ▁in ▁a ▁writing ▁partnership ▁with ▁Martin ▁P ask o , ▁and ▁broke ▁into ▁the ▁television ▁industry ▁by ▁selling ▁several ▁scripts ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁rev ival ▁of ▁The ▁Tw il ight ▁Zone . ▁ ▁She ▁and ▁P ask o ▁then ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁story ▁edit ▁the ▁animated ▁series ▁My ▁Little ▁P ony ▁' n ▁Friends , ▁followed ▁by ▁work ▁on ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁Max ▁Head room . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 / 8 9 ▁TV ▁season , ▁Par r ▁and ▁P ask o ▁were ▁the ▁story ▁ed itors ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁season ▁of ▁Simon ▁and ▁Simon , ▁and ▁wrote ▁the ▁series ▁finale ▁" Sim on ▁S ays ▁' Good - By e ' ". ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁st int ▁as ▁writers ▁and ▁story ▁ed itors ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁Rose anne . ▁ ▁Par r ▁and ▁P ask o ▁diss olved ▁their ▁writing ▁partnership ▁circa ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁P ask o ▁working ▁there after ▁in ▁animation |
▁and ▁com ics . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁now ▁b illed ▁as ▁Rebecca ▁Par r ▁C io ff i , ▁Par r ▁continued ▁her ▁work ▁in ▁live ▁action ▁situation ▁comedy , ▁signing ▁on ▁as ▁an ▁executive ▁story ▁consultant ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁season ▁of ▁Che ers , ▁for ▁which ▁she ▁also ▁wrote ▁three ▁episodes . ▁ ▁She ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁writer / co - produ cer ▁on ▁the ▁sit com ▁He arts ▁Af ire , ▁and ▁writer / super v ising ▁producer ▁of ▁Boston ▁Common . ▁ ▁Most ▁recently , ▁Par r ▁published ▁the ▁kind le - ed ition ▁novel ▁And ▁She ▁Was ▁under ▁the ▁pseud onym ▁of ▁Ar py ▁Beck . ▁▁ ▁She ▁currently ▁res ides ▁in ▁Gl end ale , ▁Arizona . ▁ ▁Nov el ▁ ▁... And ▁She ▁Was ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁( as ▁" Ar py ▁Beck ") ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁novel ists ▁Category : American ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : American ▁television ▁writers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁women ▁novel ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : W omen ▁television ▁writers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁art ▁school ▁located ▁in ▁Jerusalem , ▁Israel . ▁Found ed ▁by ▁artist ▁Israel ▁H ers h berg ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁offers ▁rig orous ▁training ▁in |
▁drawing ▁and ▁painting ▁within ▁the ▁fig ur ative ▁art ▁tradition . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁school ▁in ▁Israel ▁that ▁focuses ▁on ▁real ist ▁painting . ▁ ▁Program s ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁offers ▁full - time ▁training ▁in ▁its ▁" master ▁class ", ▁a ▁two - ▁to ▁four - year ▁program ▁with ▁a ▁primary ▁emphasis ▁on ▁drawing ▁and ▁painting ▁the ▁human ▁figure . ▁The ▁class ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁roughly ▁ 4 0 ▁applic ants ▁from ▁Israel ▁and ▁abroad ▁that ▁are ▁chosen ▁for ▁outstanding ▁talent , ▁commitment ▁and ▁motivation . ▁Students ▁work ▁five ▁days ▁a ▁week ▁in ▁north - lit ▁stud ios ▁with ▁the ▁option ▁of ▁continued ▁study ▁in ▁the ▁even ings . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁seven ▁independent ▁stud ios ▁for ▁advanced ▁students . ▁The ▁focus ▁of ▁study ▁is ▁on ▁working ▁from ▁the ▁live ▁model , ▁though ▁students ▁also ▁work ▁on ▁still - life , ▁landscape , ▁copy ing ▁from ▁the ▁old ▁masters , ▁and ▁compos itional ▁themes . ▁Studies ▁are ▁augment ed ▁by ▁an ▁evening ▁lecture ▁series , ▁exhib itions ▁and ▁demonstr ations ▁from ▁visiting ▁artists ▁throughout ▁the ▁academic ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁also ▁offers ▁part - time ▁study ▁in ▁drawing ▁and ▁painting ▁in ▁its ▁Contin uing ▁Studies ▁Program , ▁with ▁no ▁prior ▁experience ▁required . ▁In ▁the ▁spring , ▁the ▁school ▁holds ▁the ▁Jerusalem ▁Land scape ▁Pain ting ▁Mar athon , ▁a ▁two - week ▁workshop ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁and ▁taught ▁by ▁a ▁visiting ▁artist . ▁It ▁also ▁organ izes ▁courses ▁of ▁study ▁in ▁the ▁summer , ▁both |
▁in ▁Jerusalem ▁and ▁in ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Hall ▁of ▁Cast s ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁" H all ▁of ▁Cast s " ▁is ▁an ▁on - site ▁gallery ▁collection ▁of ▁ 3 3 ▁pl aster ▁cast s ▁which ▁span ▁nearly ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁years ▁of ▁art ▁history , ▁representing ▁examples ▁of ▁sculpt ures ▁by ▁Don at ello , ▁Michel angel o , ▁and ▁Luc a ▁della ▁Rob bia ▁along ▁with ▁ancient ▁Roman ▁and ▁Greek ▁sculpt ures . ▁The ▁only ▁such ▁cast ▁collection ▁in ▁Israel , ▁they ▁were ▁obtained ▁from ▁the ▁Gi ust ▁Gallery ▁in ▁W ob urn , ▁MA , ▁which ▁special izes ▁in ▁exclusive ▁re plic as ▁from ▁original ▁Piet ro ▁Cap ron i ▁m olds . ▁Ac qu ired ▁for ▁educational ▁purposes ▁within ▁the ▁school ▁programs , ▁the ▁collection ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁visited ▁by ▁the ▁public .* ▁ ▁Grad u ates ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁have ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁" first ▁rate ▁pain ters ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Visual ▁arts ▁in ▁Israel ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁website ▁ ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Studio ▁School ▁blog ▁with ▁articles ▁on ▁teachers , ▁workshops , ▁events , ▁g aller ies ▁ ▁Green , ▁David . ▁" Master ▁of ▁the ▁Class ," ▁The ▁Jerusalem ▁Report , ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁pp . 4 2 – 4 4 . ▁ ▁Haus man , ▁T amar . ▁" Get ting ▁It ▁All ▁Fig ured ▁Out ," ▁Ha aret z , ▁March ▁ 1 6 |
, ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Israel ▁H ers h berg ▁website ▁of ▁recent ▁paintings ▁▁ ▁Category : Art ▁schools ▁in ▁Israel ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Israel <0x0A> </s> ▁Ed win ▁P . ▁James ▁( 2 7 ▁August ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁– ▁ 2 8 ▁October ▁ 1 8 6 1 ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁bot an ist , ▁ge ologist , ▁and ▁medical ▁practition er , ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁figure ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁exploration ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁West . ▁ ▁James ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁time ▁spent ▁creating ▁relationships ▁with ▁Native ▁Americans ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁also ▁a iding ▁African ▁Americans ▁to ▁escape ▁slavery . ▁ ▁James ▁is ▁primarily ▁remembered ▁for ▁his ▁participation ▁in ▁the ▁expedition ▁of ▁ 1 8 1 9 - 1 8 2 0 ▁led ▁by ▁Major ▁Stephen ▁Harr iman ▁Long , ▁into ▁still ▁largely ▁unknown ▁territory ▁acquired ▁in ▁the ▁Louisiana ▁P urchase . ▁James ▁served ▁during ▁the ▁expedition ' s ▁more ▁productive ▁second ▁year . ▁( The ▁original ▁bot an ist / sur geon , ▁William ▁Bald win , ▁died ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁year .) ▁That ▁expedition ▁". ▁. ▁. ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁scientific ▁survey ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁and ▁dramatically ▁increased ▁the ▁country ’ s ▁ge ographical ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁West .” ▁▁ ▁James ▁was ▁primarily ▁responsible ▁for ▁producing ▁the ▁report , ▁Account ▁of ▁an ▁Ex ped ition ▁from ▁Pittsburgh ▁to ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountains , ▁Per formed ▁in ▁the ▁Years |
▁ 1 8 1 9 , ▁ 1 8 2 0 , ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 3 . ▁( see ▁below , ▁Works ). ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁expedition , ▁James ▁accomplished ▁the ▁first ▁recorded ▁mountain ▁as cent ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁to ▁over ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ft . ▁elev ation , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁collect ▁many ▁al p ine ▁plant ▁species , ▁including ▁what ▁he ▁called ▁" the ▁mountain ▁Columb ine ", ▁Aqu ile g ia ▁co er ule a ▁E . J ames , ▁later ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁state ▁flower ▁of ▁Colorado , ▁now ▁with ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁Colorado ▁Blue ▁Columb ine . ▁ ▁The ▁expedition ' s ▁extensive ▁collection ▁of ▁information ▁on ▁fl ora , ▁fa una , ▁ge ology ▁and ▁ge ography , ▁as ▁rec ount ed ▁in ▁James ' ▁Account , ▁is ▁rem inis cent ▁of ▁the ▁efforts , ▁just ▁two ▁decades ▁earlier , ▁by ▁Alexander ▁von ▁H umb old t ▁in ▁Central ▁and ▁South ▁America . ▁▁ ▁A ▁copy ▁of ▁H umb old t ' s ▁Personal ▁N arr ative ▁of ▁Tr av els ▁of ▁the ▁Equ in ocial ▁Reg ions ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Cont inent ▁was ▁carried ▁by ▁the ▁Long ▁expedition . ▁ ▁The ▁Account ▁influenced ▁the ▁literature ▁of ▁the ▁Far ▁West . ▁Histor ian ▁William ▁H . ▁Go etz mann ▁suggested ▁" the ▁most ▁important ▁literary ▁event ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁was ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Ed win ▁James ' s ▁Account ▁of ▁an ▁Ex |
ped ition ▁ ..." ▁▁ ▁( See ▁also ▁B enson ▁in ▁Further ▁reading , ▁p . ▁x v iii .) ▁▁ ▁In ▁a ▁more ▁recent ▁hom age ▁to ▁James , ▁Ly nd ga ard ▁said : ▁" The ▁pass ages ▁that ▁deal ▁with ▁landscape ▁description , ▁b ison , ▁and ▁Native ▁Americans , ▁especially ▁the ▁P aw ne e , ▁were ▁immediately ▁recognized ▁for ▁their ▁quality , ▁and ▁were ▁thus ▁min ed ▁by ▁novel ists ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁celebrated ▁by ▁review ers ." ▁ ▁Education ▁Born ▁in ▁We y bridge , ▁Verm ont , ▁to ▁Daniel ▁and ▁Mary ▁( E mm es ) ▁James , ▁he ▁prepared ▁for ▁college ▁at ▁Add ison ▁County ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁before ▁entering ▁Middle bury ▁College ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 2 . ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁A . B . ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 6 , ▁James ▁moved ▁to ▁Alb any , ▁New ▁York , ▁to ▁continue ▁study ▁in ▁medicine ▁( with ▁his ▁physician ▁brother ), ▁bot any ▁with ▁John ▁Tor rey , ▁and ▁bot any ▁and ▁ge ology ▁with ▁Am os ▁E aton . ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 9 ▁James ▁became ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Ge ological ▁Society ▁and ▁within ▁one ▁year ▁had ▁auth ored ▁articles ▁on ▁the ▁subject . ▁ ▁Within ▁this ▁same ▁time ▁frame ▁he ▁also ▁prepared ▁the ▁first ▁list ▁of ▁Verm ont ▁plants . ▁ ▁Ex ped ition ▁to ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountains ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁Long ▁Ex ped ition ▁began ▁June ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 8 |
2 0 ▁when ▁the ▁members , ▁now ▁including ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁Ed win ▁James , ▁left ▁the ▁over w inter ing ▁camp , ▁Engine er ▁C anton ment , ▁near ▁the ▁eastern ▁border ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁state ▁of ▁Neb r aska . ▁▁▁▁ ▁They ▁headed ▁west ▁toward ▁the ▁Rock ies , ▁following , ▁for ▁the ▁most ▁part , ▁the ▁Pl atte ▁River , ▁then ▁south ▁along ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁front , ▁before ▁heading ▁east ▁toward ▁the ▁expedition ' s ▁ending ▁location ▁( which ▁occurred ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 8 2 0 ) ▁at ▁Fort ▁Smith , ▁in ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁western ▁Arkansas . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 3 , ▁James ▁and ▁two ▁others ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁climb ▁P ikes ▁Peak . ▁ ▁As ▁James ▁writes ▁in ▁his ▁Account : ▁ ▁" On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁we ▁continued ▁the ▁as cent , ▁hoping ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁summit ▁of ▁the ▁Peak , ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁camp ▁in ▁the ▁evening . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁A ▁little ▁above ▁the ▁point ▁where ▁the ▁tim ber ▁disappe ars ▁entirely , ▁comm ences ▁a ▁region ▁of ▁aston ishing ▁beauty ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁covered ▁with ▁a ▁carpet ▁of ▁low ▁but ▁brilliant ly ▁flower ing ▁al p ine ▁plants . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁We ▁now ▁found ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁impossible ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁summit ▁of ▁the ▁mountain , ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁our ▁camp ▁of ▁the ▁preced ing |
▁night , ▁during ▁that ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁day ▁which ▁remained ; ▁but ▁as ▁we ▁could ▁not ▁persu ade ▁ourselves ▁to ▁turn ▁back , ▁after ▁having ▁so ▁nearly ▁accomplished ▁the ▁as cent , ▁we ▁resolved ▁to ▁take ▁our ▁chance ▁of ▁spending ▁the ▁night , ▁on ▁whatever ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁mountain , ▁it ▁might ▁over take ▁us . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁We ▁met , ▁as ▁we ▁proceed ed , ▁such ▁numbers ▁of ▁unknown ▁and ▁interesting ▁plants , ▁as ▁to ▁occasion ▁much ▁delay ▁in ▁collecting , ▁and ▁were ▁under ▁the ▁disagree able ▁necessity ▁of ▁passing ▁by ▁numbers ▁which ▁we ▁saw ▁in ▁situations ▁difficult ▁of ▁access ." ▁▁ ▁( Note : ▁ ▁Histor ian ▁Roger ▁Lawrence ▁Williams ▁ ▁used ▁the ▁phrase ▁" a ▁region ▁of ▁aston ishing ▁beauty ", ▁from ▁the ▁above , ▁for ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁book ▁on ▁Rock y ▁Mountains ▁bot an ical ▁history . ▁see ▁Further ▁reading ) ▁ ▁After ▁reaching ▁the ▁Peak , ▁James ▁describes ▁the ▁natural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁summit , ▁and ▁goes ▁on ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁view ▁in ▁all ▁directions ▁in ▁some ▁detail , ▁including ▁smoke ▁in ▁a ▁valley ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁" supp osed ▁to ▁indicate ▁the ▁enc amp ment ▁of ▁a ▁party ▁of ▁Indians ." ▁▁▁ ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁recorded ▁history ▁that ▁a ▁mountain ▁of ▁such ▁height ▁( 4 , 3 0 2 ▁m / 1 4 , 1 1 5 ▁feet ) ▁had ▁been ▁sc aled ▁in ▁North ▁America . ▁( In ▁South ▁America , ▁Alexander ▁von ▁H umb |
old t ▁reached ▁ca . ▁ 5 , 8 0 0 ▁m ▁( 1 9 , 0 0 0 ft ) ▁on ▁M t . ▁Ch im bor az o ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 2 .) ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁comm em oration ▁ 1 0 0 ▁years ▁later , ▁the ▁day ▁was ▁considered ▁as ▁" und oubtedly ▁the ▁most ▁notable ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁expedition ▁for ▁bot an ical ▁collecting " ▁by ▁George ▁Ever ett ▁O ster h out , ▁a ▁prominent ▁Colorado ▁bot an ist . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁travers ing ▁a ▁largely ▁un chart ed ▁country , ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁always ▁clear ▁from ▁James ' ▁Account ▁exactly ▁where ▁each ▁camp ▁and ▁collecting ▁site ▁was . ▁The ▁expedition ' s ▁path ▁was ▁retr aced ▁ 1 7 0 ▁years ▁later , ▁re lying ▁not ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁Account ▁but ▁also ▁James ' ▁diary ▁and ▁scen ic ▁paintings ▁of ▁the ▁expedition ' s ▁artist , ▁Samuel ▁Se ym our . ▁ ▁In ▁spite ▁of ▁considerable ▁change ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁sites ▁were ▁located ▁with ▁accuracy . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Ex ped ition ▁James ▁collected ▁ca . ▁ 7 0 0 ▁plant ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁mountains ▁and ▁over ▁the ▁pra ir ies , ▁of ▁which ▁ 1 4 0 ▁were ▁new ▁to ▁science . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁Aqu ile g ia ▁co er ule a , ▁James ▁named ▁many ▁other ▁species ▁( e . g ., ▁Lim ber ▁P ine , ▁Pin us ▁flex ilis ▁E . J ames ), ▁and ▁many ▁were |
▁later ▁named ▁after ▁him ▁by ▁John ▁Tor rey ▁( not ably ▁the ▁Cl iff b ush , ▁James ia ▁american a ▁Tor r ▁& ▁A . G ray , ▁often ▁found ▁at ▁high ▁elev ations ▁growing ▁in ▁cr acks ▁in ▁vertical ▁rock ▁surfaces ), ▁and ▁by ▁others ▁who ▁worked ▁on ▁his ▁collections ▁( e . g ., ▁T eles on ix ▁j ames ii ▁( T orr .) ▁Raf .). ▁ ▁All ▁in ▁all , ▁ 2 4 ▁ ▁plant ▁species ▁were ▁named ▁in ▁James ' ▁honor . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁ 1 0 0 ▁year ▁anniversary ▁comm em oration , ▁O ster h out ▁noted : ▁ ▁" In ▁general ▁the ▁native ▁plants ▁still ▁grow ▁and ▁bl oss om ▁as ▁they ▁did ▁when ▁Dr . ▁James ▁saw ▁them ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 0 ; ▁but ▁a ▁great ▁change ▁has ▁been ▁w rought ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁F ruit ful ▁farms ▁have ▁replaced ▁much ▁of ▁what ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁ster ile ▁soil , ▁and ▁towns ▁and ▁cities ▁and ▁a ▁busy ▁industry ▁have ▁come ▁to ▁their ▁silent ▁and ▁un in hab ited ▁pl ains ▁and ▁hills ." ▁ ▁Later ▁ ▁After ▁completing ▁the ▁expedition , ▁most ▁members ▁went , ▁by ▁various ▁routes , ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁East ▁Coast . ▁ ▁Most ▁( especially ▁James ) ▁suffered ▁from ▁mal aria , ▁which ▁delayed ▁returning . ▁James ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁to ▁Philadelphia , ▁the ▁meeting ▁place , ▁until ▁the ▁autumn ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 1 . ▁ ▁James ▁was |
▁assigned ▁the ▁primary ▁responsibility ▁( with ▁collaboration ▁by ▁Long ▁and ▁Say ) ▁of ▁writing ▁the ▁Account s ▁narrative , ▁to ▁append ▁the ▁collected ▁data , ▁and ▁to ▁prepare ▁the ▁results ▁for ▁publication , ▁a ▁job ▁completed ▁near ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 2 . ▁ ▁( See ▁also ▁B enson ▁in ▁Further ▁reading , ▁p . ▁x ii .) ▁ ▁Sub sequently ▁James ▁was ▁appointed ▁US ▁Army ▁sur geon ▁to ▁serve ▁at ▁various ▁front ier ▁out posts ▁including ▁the ▁Great ▁L akes ▁region ; ▁he ▁served ▁from ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁to ▁ 1 8 3 3 . ▁While ▁with ▁the ▁Army ▁he ▁interact ed ▁with ▁Native ▁Americans , ▁most ▁notably ▁the ▁O j ib we ▁with ▁whose ▁language ▁he ▁became ▁familiar . ▁ ▁A ▁Euro American , ▁John ▁T anner ▁( c apt ive ), ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁O j ib we ▁when ▁a ▁child ▁and ▁raised ▁among ▁them , ▁worked ▁closely ▁with ▁James ▁in ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁in ▁the ▁O j ib we ▁language , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁telling ▁of ▁T anner ' s ▁life ▁story . ▁ ▁( See ▁Works , ▁ 1 8 3 0 , ▁ 1 8 3 3 .) ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 7 , ▁while ▁still ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁Army ▁but ▁during ▁a ▁return ▁visit ▁to ▁the ▁East , ▁James ▁married ▁Clara ▁Rogers . ▁ ▁His ▁" ▁... ▁beautiful ▁wife ▁... ▁was ▁a ▁woman ▁of ▁talent ▁and ▁fond ▁of ▁society ▁... ▁". ▁ ▁They ▁had ▁one ▁child |
, ▁a ▁son ▁named ▁Ed win ▁Jr ., ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 8 . ▁By ▁ca . ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁( the ▁exact ▁date ▁is ▁uncertain ) ▁ ▁they ▁had ▁permanently ▁settled ▁on ▁land ▁near ▁Bur lington , ▁Iowa , ▁which ▁they ▁developed ▁into ▁a ▁productive ▁farm . ▁ ▁There ▁James ▁maintained , ▁in ▁his ▁house , ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁the ▁Under ground ▁Rail road ▁Clara ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 , ▁leaving ▁James ▁in ▁great ▁sor row . ▁ ▁James ▁himself ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁an ▁accident ▁on ▁his ▁farm . ▁ ▁From ▁L amm ers ▁( 2 0 1 6 ): ▁ ▁" He ▁was ▁buried ▁next ▁to ▁his ▁wife ▁in ▁Rock ▁Spring ▁C emetery ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁Many ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁Des ▁Mo ines ▁County ▁Medical ▁Society ▁planted ▁around ▁his ▁grave ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Blue ▁Columb ine ▁( A qu ile g ia ▁co er ule a ▁E . ▁James ) ▁that ▁he ▁discovered ▁and ▁named ▁on ▁the ▁Long ▁Ex ped ition " ▁( p ▁ 4 8 7 , ). ▁▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁James , ▁Ed win ▁( 1 8 2 3 , ▁Philadelphia ▁edition ) ▁. ▁▁ ▁James , ▁Ed win ▁( 1 8 2 3 , ▁Philadelphia ▁edition ) ▁. ▁▁ ▁James , ▁Ed win ▁( 1 8 2 3 , ▁London ▁edition ). ▁▁ ▁in ▁three ▁volumes . ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁James , ▁Ed win ▁( ed ). ▁ ▁( 1 8 3 0 |
) ▁▁ ▁James , ▁Ed win , ▁with ▁John ▁T anner . ▁( 1 8 3 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁And '' '' ': ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 9 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁We y bridge , ▁Verm ont ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Bur lington , ▁Iowa ▁Category : M iddle bury ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁ge ologists ▁Category : American ▁bot an ists ▁Category : American ▁non - f iction ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁English ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁band ▁Hard - Fi . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁on ▁ 4 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁through ▁N ec ess ary ▁Records ▁and ▁Atlantic ▁Records . ▁It ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Mer cury ▁Music ▁Prize . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁reached ▁number ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁UK ▁Albums ▁Chart ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁taking ▁it ▁about ▁five ▁months ▁to ▁reach ▁number ▁one ▁mainly ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁preced ing ▁single ▁" C ash ▁Machine " ▁catching ▁the ▁sell ers ' ▁attention ; ▁its ▁original ▁peak ▁position ▁was ▁number ▁six . ▁The ▁album ▁has ▁sold ▁ 1 . 2 ▁million ▁copies ▁worldwide , ▁with ▁over ▁ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁alone . ▁It ▁was ▁certified ▁ 2 × ▁pl atinum ▁by ▁the |
▁B PI ▁for ▁selling ▁ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁copies ▁in ▁the ▁UK . ▁The ▁song ▁" G otta ▁Re ason " ▁is ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁sound track ▁of ▁the ▁football ▁video ▁game ▁FIFA ▁ 0 6 . ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁unusual ▁ac oustic ▁environments ▁– ▁bedroom s , ▁pub s , ▁and ▁played ▁back ▁in ▁Hard - Fi ▁producer ▁Wol sey ▁White ' s ▁BM W . ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁copies ▁of ▁this ▁record ▁were ▁pressed ▁with ▁only ▁ 5 0 0 ▁going ▁on ▁public ▁sale , ▁and ▁the ▁initial ▁plan ▁was ▁to ▁sell ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁each ▁time . ▁However ▁it ▁quickly ▁sold ▁out , ▁receiving ▁critical ▁ac claim ▁and ▁radio ▁play , ▁prov ing ▁a ▁lot ▁more ▁successful ▁than ▁the ▁band ▁had ▁imagined . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁a ▁dis used ▁mini ▁cab ▁office , ▁which ▁cost ▁them ▁about ▁£ 3 0 0 , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁to ▁this ▁day ▁as ▁the ▁" C her ry ▁L ips " ▁Studio ▁( due ▁to ▁the ▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁paint ▁on ▁the ▁walls ). ▁The ▁band ▁tried ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁music ▁sound ▁more ▁environmental ▁by ▁putting ▁a ▁micro phone ▁in ▁the ▁corridor , ▁which ▁added ▁echo , ▁but ▁background ▁no ises ▁caused ▁by ▁people ▁walking ▁past ▁or ▁planes ▁flying ▁overhead ▁could ▁be ▁heard ▁while ▁the ▁band ▁recorded . ▁These ▁background ▁no ises ▁can ▁still ▁be ▁heard |
▁on ▁the ▁record . ▁The ▁band ▁used ▁the ▁TL ▁Audio ▁Fat man ▁compress or ▁for ▁the ▁album , ▁Ar cher ▁said ▁" It ' s ▁al right , ▁it ' s ▁cheap , ▁you ▁don ' t ▁have ▁to ▁know ▁what ▁you ' re ▁doing ..." . ▁ ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁was ▁originally ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁mini ▁album , ▁a ▁very ▁limited ▁release ▁which ▁sold ▁out ▁very ▁quickly . ▁A ▁few ▁months ▁after , ▁the ▁album ▁had ▁been ▁going ▁on ▁sale ▁on ▁websites ▁such ▁as ▁e Bay ▁for ▁£ 2 5 . ▁Talk ing ▁about ▁the ▁situation , ▁front man ▁Richard ▁Ar cher ▁said ; ▁ ▁" We ▁had ▁no ▁money ▁but ▁time ▁was ▁a ▁luxury ▁that ▁we ▁did ▁have . ▁So ▁we ▁spent ▁a ▁year ▁planning , ▁then ▁recording ▁it ▁ourselves , ▁and ▁we ▁did ▁all ▁the ▁artwork ▁ourselves ▁too . ▁Even ▁our ▁website ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁us . ▁We ▁got ▁a ▁book ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁library ▁so ▁we ▁could ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁do ▁it . ▁Then ▁we ▁had ▁to ▁do ▁it ▁again ▁cos ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁right ▁ ▁p ala ver ▁. ▁So ▁after ▁all ▁that , ▁things ▁took ▁off ▁really ▁quickly ▁and ▁went ▁crazy ▁in ▁the ▁space ▁of ▁two ▁months , ▁which ▁was ▁quite ▁surprising ." ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁album ' s ▁launch ▁party ▁was ▁scheduled ▁for ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁at ▁Che e ke es ▁night ▁club ▁in ▁St aines ▁( where ▁their ▁top ▁ten ▁single ▁" Hard ▁to ▁Beat " ▁was ▁fil |
med ), ▁but ▁this ▁was ▁cancelled ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ill ▁health ▁of ▁Richard ' s ▁mother , ▁and ▁the ▁London ▁bomb ings ▁also ▁occurring ▁that ▁day . ▁Her ▁death ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁band ▁pulling ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Gl ast on bury ▁festival . ▁The ▁launch ▁party ▁was ▁res cheduled ▁for ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁the ▁venue ▁changed ▁to ▁Lad bro ke ▁Gro ve , ▁London . ▁Richard ▁says ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁friends ▁with ▁Che e kee ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁incident ▁involving ▁him ▁describing ▁his ▁night club ▁to ▁a ▁newspaper ▁like ▁" a ▁bad ▁wedding ". ▁Richard ▁def ended ▁himself ▁by ▁saying ▁" ... but ▁everyone ▁likes ▁a ▁bad ▁wedding ▁so ▁I ▁don ' t ▁see ▁what ▁the ▁problem ▁is ." ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁successful ▁campaign ▁by ▁Atlantic , ▁the ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁album ▁re - ent ered ▁the ▁official ▁UK ▁album ▁chart ▁at ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Two ▁places ▁higher ▁than ▁it ▁originally ▁went ▁in ▁on ▁the ▁week ▁of ▁its ▁release . ▁It ▁reached ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁band ' s ▁re - release ▁of ▁" C ash ▁Machine " ▁entered ▁the ▁official ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁singles ▁chart ▁at ▁No . ▁ 1 4 ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁listed ▁for ▁ 1 0 2 ▁weeks ▁in ▁ 7 ▁different ▁charts ▁and ▁was ▁cert ific ated |
▁pl atinum ▁by ▁B PI . ▁Its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁Albums ▁Chart ▁was ▁the ▁Top ▁ 7 5 ▁in ▁week ▁ 2 8 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁with ▁its ▁last ▁appearance ▁being ▁week ▁ 4 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁Album ▁Chart ▁Top ▁ 7 5 . ▁Its ▁peak ▁position ▁was ▁number ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁UK ▁Album ▁Chart . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁{{ Al bum ▁ratings ▁| ▁MC ▁= ▁ 7 4 / 1 0 0 ▁| ▁rev 1 ▁= ▁All Music ▁| ▁rev 1 score = ▁ ▁| ▁rev 2 ▁= ▁Entertainment ▁Week ly ▁| ▁rev 2 score ▁= ▁ 8 . 3 / 1 0 ▁( 1 7 ▁Mar ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁p . 1 1 4 ) ▁| ▁rev 3 = ▁The ▁Guard ian | ▁rev 3 score ▁= ▁| ▁rev 4 ▁= mus ic OM H ▁| ▁rev 4 score ▁= ▁favour able ▁| ▁rev 5 ▁= N ME ▁| ▁rev 5 score ▁= ▁ 9 / 1 0 < ref ▁name =" N ME "> {{ cite ▁web | url = https :// www . n me . com / re views / hard - fi / 7 7 0 4 | title = Hard - Fi ▁: ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V | pub lisher = N ME | first = Mark | last = Be a um ont | date = 1 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 5 | access date |
= 2 0 1 2 - 0 3 - 1 1 }} </ ref > ▁| ▁rev 6 = P itch f ork ▁Media ▁| ▁rev 6 score ▁= ▁ 7 . 3 / 1 0 ▁| ▁rev 7 = Roll ing ▁Stone ▁| ▁rev 7 score ▁= ▁ ▁}} ▁ ▁Overall ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁and ▁on ▁aggregate ▁website ▁Met ac rit ic ▁the ▁album ▁att ained ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 7 4 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁based ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁professional ▁reviews . ▁ ▁The ▁N ME ▁described ▁the ▁album ▁as ▁" the ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁year " ▁and ▁gave ▁the ▁album ▁ 9 / 1 0 ▁in ▁a ▁very ▁positive ▁review . ▁ ▁Dave ▁Sim pson ▁of ▁The ▁Guard ian ▁gave ▁the ▁album ▁three ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁writing ▁that ▁" Hard - Fi ' s ▁edge ▁over ▁more ▁derivative ▁riv als ▁lies ▁in ▁a ▁formula ▁that ▁del ivers ▁old ▁Special s ▁and ▁Cl ash ▁reg ga e ▁v ib es ▁with ▁the ▁big - t une ▁ratio ▁of ▁a ▁boy ▁band ". ▁He ▁however ▁deemed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁later ▁tracks ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁" fill er ". ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁ 3 . 5 / 5 ▁star ▁review ▁for ▁All Music , ▁Mac K enz ie ▁Wilson ▁wrote ▁that ▁" They ▁sound ▁like ▁a ▁garage ▁band ▁while ▁del ving ▁into ▁the ▁mon ot ony ▁of ▁everyday ▁subur ban ▁life , ▁referring ▁to ▁their ▁small ▁town ▁up b ring ing . ▁Thus |
▁a ▁raw ▁kind ▁of ▁work ▁eth ic ▁gradually ▁emer ges ▁on ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V . ▁Their ▁formula ▁of ▁sn appy ▁ch or uses ▁and ▁tight ▁guitar ▁hooks , ▁particularly ▁on ▁" M iddle ▁Eastern ▁Hol iday " ▁and ▁" G otta ▁Re ason ," ▁capt ures ▁Hard - Fi ' s ▁youth ful ▁presentation ". ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁tracks ▁written ▁by ▁Richard ▁Ar cher . ▁▁ ▁" C ash ▁Machine " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 2 ▁ ▁" M iddle ▁Eastern ▁Hol iday " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 4 ▁ ▁" T ied ▁up ▁Too ▁T ight " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 8 ▁ ▁" G otta ▁Re ason " ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 9 ▁ ▁" Hard ▁to ▁Beat " ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 3 ▁ ▁" Un necessary ▁T rou ble " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 4 ▁ ▁" Move ▁on ▁Now " ▁– ▁ 5 : 0 8 ▁ ▁" Bet ter ▁Do ▁Better " ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 7 ▁ ▁" F el th am ▁Is ▁Sing ing ▁Out " ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 6 ▁ ▁" L iving ▁for ▁the ▁Week end " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 2 ▁ ▁" St ars ▁of ▁C CT V " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 8 ▁ ▁Mini ▁album ▁track ▁listing ▁ ▁" C ash ▁Machine " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 2 ▁ ▁" Hard ▁to ▁Beat " ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 3 ▁ ▁" M iddle |
▁Eastern ▁Hol iday " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 8 ▁ ▁" Str ong er " ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 3 ▁ ▁" Hard ▁to ▁Beat ▁( Mix )" ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 8 ▁ ▁" G otta ▁Re ason " ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 9 ▁ ▁" F el th am ▁Is ▁Sing ing ▁Out " ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 6 ▁ ▁" Move ▁on ▁Now " ▁– ▁ 5 : 0 8 ▁ ▁" C ash ▁Machine " ▁( Wr ong tom ▁Mix ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 3 ▁ ▁Bon us ▁tracks ▁ ▁" S even ▁Nation ▁Army " ▁( White ▁St ri pes ▁cover ) ▁( i T unes ) ▁ ▁" S ick ▁of ▁it ▁All " ▁( J apan ese ▁CD , ▁i T unes ) ▁ ▁" Str ong er " ▁( J apan ese ▁CD , ▁i T unes ) ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Singles ▁ 5 ▁singles ▁from ▁debut ▁album ▁Stars ▁of ▁C CT V ▁were ▁released . ▁ ▁Like ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Hard - Fi ▁releases , ▁various ▁formats ▁carried ▁subtle ▁changes ▁to ▁different iate ▁them ▁on ▁the ▁shelf , ▁making ▁them ▁all ▁collect able , ▁such ▁as ▁" Hard ▁to ▁Beat " ' s ▁changing ▁sky ▁to ▁" L iving ▁for ▁the ▁Week end " ' s ▁count down ▁to ▁ 1 8 : 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁T ina '' ▁mentioned ▁on ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁sle eves ▁formed ▁a ▁sub plot ▁throughout ▁all ▁the ▁single |
▁releases . ▁She ▁later ▁became ▁a ▁bit ▁of ▁a ▁talking ▁point ▁both ▁in ▁the ▁music ▁press ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁fans ▁for ums . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Hard - Fi ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : War ner ▁Music ▁Group ▁albums ▁Category : Con cept ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Friends ▁is ▁a ▁ 4 - ep is ode ▁South ▁Korean - J apan ese ▁short ▁drama ▁that ▁a ired ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁T BS ▁( J apan ), ▁and ▁M BC ▁( South ▁Korea ). ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁drama ▁history ▁that ▁the ▁two ▁countries ▁collabor ated ▁to ▁co - produ ce ▁the ▁show ▁in ▁both ▁South ▁Korea ▁and ▁Japan . ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁broadcast ▁on ▁February ▁ 4 – 5 ▁in ▁Japan ▁and ▁February ▁ 1 5 – 1 6 ▁in ▁South ▁Korea . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Tom oko , ▁a ▁Japanese ▁tourist , ▁and ▁Ji - H oon , ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁film ▁student , ▁meet ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁Despite ▁a ▁rock y ▁meeting ▁and ▁their ▁language ▁barrier , ▁they ▁become ▁good ▁friends . ▁In ▁time , ▁they ▁eventually ▁head ▁back ▁to ▁their ▁respective ▁countries ▁but ▁only ▁after ▁ex changing ▁email ▁addresses ▁– ▁promising ▁to ▁keep ▁in ▁touch ▁and ▁eventually ▁meet ▁again . ▁But ▁with ▁fate ▁pushing ▁them ▁to ▁see ▁each ▁other ▁again , ▁Tom oko ▁decides ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁South ▁Korea ▁to ▁meet ▁Ji - ho on ▁again ▁but ▁some ▁problems ▁occur . ▁ |
▁Cast ▁ ▁Korean ▁Kim ▁Ji ▁H oon ▁– ▁Won ▁Bin ▁Park ▁K you ng - j oo ▁– ▁Lee ▁D ong - gun ▁Park ▁H ye - j in ▁- ▁Han ▁H ye - j in ▁Gy u - han ▁- ▁D ok go ▁Young - ja e ▁ ▁So o - ky ung ▁- ▁Sun wo o ▁E un - s ook ▁ ▁Japanese ▁Tom oko ▁As ai ▁– ▁Ky oko ▁F uk ada ▁Y uk o ▁Yam ag ishi ▁– ▁Ak iko ▁Y ada ▁Mid ori ▁Kan eda ▁– ▁N aho ▁Tod a ▁Sh ota ▁Sak am aki ▁– ▁Y uk iy oshi ▁Oz awa ▁Sat oko ▁As ai ▁– ▁Ke iko ▁T akes h ita ▁ ▁International ▁Broad cast ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁South ▁Korean ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁South ▁Korean ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : M un h wa ▁Broad cast ing ▁Corporation ▁television ▁dram as ▁Category : J apan ese ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁Japanese ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁Japanese ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : Tele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Fil ms ▁with ▁screen pl ays ▁by ▁Y osh ik azu ▁Ok ada ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁romance ▁television ▁series <0x0A> </s> ▁Jar oslav ▁Mal ina ▁( born ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁in ▁Dol ní ▁Bu č ice ▁near ▁Č |
á sl av , ▁Czech ▁Republic ) ▁is ▁a ▁Czech ▁archae ologist , ▁anth rop ologist , ▁publishing ▁editor , ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁( Inst itute ) ▁of ▁Anth rop ology ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University , ▁Br no , ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁and ▁founder ▁and ▁head ▁of ▁Univers itas ▁( M as ary k iana ) ▁Foundation . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Mal ina ▁has ▁had ▁a ▁great ▁interest ▁in ▁archae ology ▁and ▁anth rop ology ▁since ▁childhood . ▁After ▁finishing ▁secondary ▁education ▁he ▁en rolled ▁for ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁archae ology ▁at ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Arts ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University , ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁he ▁performed ▁( with ▁his ▁colleagues ) ▁his ▁first ▁archae ological ▁experiment . ▁With ▁this ▁experiment ▁and ▁his ▁consequ ent ▁work ▁in ▁experimental ▁archae ology ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁founder ▁of ▁this ▁scientific ▁discipline ▁in ▁( former ) ▁Czech os lov ak ia ▁and ▁this ▁discipline ▁also ▁led ▁him ▁to ▁purs uing ▁his ▁goals ▁in ▁anth rop ology . ▁ ▁Anth rop ology ▁ ▁Lead ership ▁Through ▁experimental ▁archae ology ▁Mal ina ▁came ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁complexity ▁of ▁human ▁nature ▁and ▁shifted ▁his ▁research ▁and ▁occup ational ▁interests ▁to ▁anth rop ology . ▁In ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁together ▁with ▁Jan ▁B ene š ▁and ▁Vlad im ír ▁Nov ot ný , ▁he ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Anth rop |
ology ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University , ▁which ▁directly ▁picked ▁up ▁on ▁V oj t ě ch ▁Su k ’ s ▁Anth rop ological ▁Institute ▁which ▁was , ▁due ▁to ▁ide ological ▁reasons , ▁strictly ▁limited ▁and ▁reduced ▁during ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 4 8 – 1 9 8 9 1 . ▁Together ▁with ▁his ▁colleagues , ▁Mal ina ▁strongly ▁supported ▁( and ▁supports ) ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁anth rop ology ▁as ▁a ▁hol istic , ▁integral ▁( bi ological ▁– ▁social ▁– ▁cultural ) ▁scientific ▁discipl ines , ▁which ▁studies ▁man ▁from ▁every ▁possible ▁point ▁of ▁view . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁passing ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁Jan ▁B ene š ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Mal ina ▁became ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁department 1 . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁and ▁scientific ▁degrees , ▁duties ▁Mal ina ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁PhD ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁degree ▁doc ent ▁– ▁associate ▁professor ▁of ▁anth rop ology . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Jar oslav ▁Mal ina ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁scientific ▁degree ▁Doctor ▁Scient ia e ▁( Dr Sc .), ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁the ▁academic ▁degree ▁professor ▁of ▁anth rop ology ▁at ▁the ▁Mas ary k ▁University 2 . ▁ ▁He ▁teaches ▁several ▁courses : ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Anth rop ology , ▁Anth rop ology ▁of ▁Eth nic ity , ▁Anth rop ology ▁of ▁Ant iqu |
ity , ▁Anth rop ology ▁of ▁Sex ual ity ▁and ▁others . ▁He ▁also ▁man ages ▁the ▁Anth rop ological ▁Sem inar , ▁where ▁invited ▁specialists ▁present ▁the ▁newest ▁or ▁the ▁most ▁interesting ▁concepts ▁or ▁findings ▁in ▁anth rop ology ▁and ▁related ▁discipl ines . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁years ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 9 ▁twelve ▁post - grad ual ▁doctor al ▁students ▁graduated ▁under ▁his ▁super vision ; ▁currently ▁he ▁super vis es ▁fifteen ▁doctor al ▁students ▁and ▁several ▁b achelor ▁and ▁masters - level ▁students . ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁work ▁and ▁publications ▁In ▁his ▁scientific ▁work ▁Mal ina ▁deals ▁with ▁the ▁subjects ▁concerning ▁experimental ▁and ▁soci oc ultural ▁anth rop ology ▁and ▁archae ology , ▁pet ro arch ae ology ▁and ▁philosophy ▁of ▁science . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁published ▁many ▁scientific ▁studies , ▁essays ▁and ▁books , ▁both ▁in ▁former ▁Czech os lov ak ia ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁abroad . ▁ ▁Among ▁his ▁writ ings ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Ar che ologie : ▁Jak ▁a ▁pro č ? ▁[" Arch ae ology : ▁How ▁and ▁Why "], ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁ ▁Z á kl ady ▁pet ro ar che ologie ▁[" Bas ics ▁of ▁Pet ro arch ae ology "], ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁( co - author ▁J ind ř ich ▁Š t el cl ) ▁ ▁Met ody ▁experiment u ▁v ▁ar che olog ii ▁[" Methods ▁of ▁Exper iment ▁in ▁Arch ae ology "], ▁ 1 9 |
8 0 ▁ ▁Arch ae ology ▁Yes terday ▁and ▁Today , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁( in ▁English , ▁co - author ▁Z den ě k ▁Va ší č ek ) ▁ ▁K á men ▁a ▁h l í na ▁jako ▁ek of akt ▁a ▁arte f akt ▁ve ▁vý vo ji ▁ž ivot ního ▁prost řed í ▁[" St one ▁and ▁Clay ▁as ▁Ec of act ▁and ▁Art ifact ▁in ▁the ▁Development ▁of ▁Environment "], ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁ ▁Pr v ní ▁c í sa ř ▁[" The ▁First ▁Emperor "], ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁Č í na ▁z ▁ant rop olog ické ▁pers pe kt iv y ▁[" Ch ina ▁from ▁the ▁Anth rop ological ▁Pers pective "], ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( co - author ▁Josef ▁Kol ma š ) ▁ ▁Slov ní k ▁ant rop ologie ▁ob č ans ké ▁sp ole č nosti ▁[" Dictionary ▁of ▁C iv ic ▁Society "], ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( co - author ▁Marie ▁D ohn al ová ) ▁ ▁Slov ní k ▁pro ▁stud enty ▁ant rop ologie ▁[" Dictionary ▁for ▁the ▁Students ▁of ▁Anth rop ology "], ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( with ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁authors ), ▁ ▁Ant rop olog ick ý ▁sl ov ní k ▁( s ▁př ih l éd nut ím ▁k ▁d ě j in ám ▁liter at ury ▁a ▁um ě ní ) ▁an eb ▁co ▁by ▁m ohl ▁o ▁č lov ě ku ▁v |
ě d ět ▁ka ž d ý ▁č lov ě k ▁[" Dictionary ▁of ▁Anth rop ology ▁( with ▁Res pect ▁to ▁the ▁History ▁of ▁Liter ature ▁and ▁Art ) "] ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁with ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁authors ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁he ▁initiated ▁an ▁extensive ▁scientific ▁and ▁artistic ▁project ▁to ▁produce ▁a ▁book ▁in ▁five ▁volumes ▁and ▁an ▁associated ▁exhibition ▁titled ▁K ru h ▁pr st enu : ▁Sv ě to vé ▁d ě j iny ▁sexual ity , ▁er ot ik y ▁a ▁l á sky ▁od ▁po č át k ů ▁do ▁sou č as nosti ▁v ▁re ál n ém ▁ž ivot ě , ▁kr ás né ▁liter atu ře , ▁vý t var n ém ▁um ě ní ▁a ▁d í le ch ▁č esk ých ▁mal í ř ů ▁a ▁so cha ř ů ▁insp iro van ých ▁ob sa hem ▁té to ▁kn ih y ▁[" The ▁Circle ▁of ▁the ▁Ring : ▁The ▁World ▁History ▁of ▁Sex ual ity , ▁E rot icism ▁and ▁Love ▁from ▁the ▁Begin nings ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Present ▁Day ▁in ▁Real ▁Life , ▁B elle - L ett res , ▁Visual ▁Art ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Works ▁of ▁Czech ▁Pain ters ▁and ▁S cul pt ors ▁Insp ired ▁by ▁the ▁Content ▁of ▁this ▁Book "]. ▁After ▁the ▁pre prints ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁volumes ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 3 ▁the ▁work ▁started ▁to ▁be ▁published ▁in ▁its ▁final ▁form |
▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁the ▁long - time ▁scientific ▁and ▁educational ▁project ▁Pan or á ma ▁bi olog ické ▁a ▁soci ok ul turn í ▁ant rop ologie : ▁Mod ul ové ▁u č eb ní ▁text y ▁pro ▁stud enty ▁ant rop ologie ▁a ▁" p ří b uz n ých " ▁ob or ů ▁[" Pan or ama ▁of ▁Bi ological ▁and ▁Soci oc ultural ▁Anth rop ology : ▁Module ▁Text books ▁for ▁Students ▁of ▁Anth rop ology ▁and ▁Related ▁Special is ations "] ▁in ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁which ▁and ▁under ▁his ▁editorial ▁leadership ▁with ▁the ▁contributions ▁of ▁many ▁significant ▁specialists ▁ 4 0 ▁volumes ▁were ▁published . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁edited ▁scientific - educ ational ▁books ▁going ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁myster ies ▁of ▁the ▁distant ▁past ▁and ▁human ▁creativity : ▁▁ ▁V z p om ín ky ▁na ▁min ul ost ▁an eb ▁Exper iment y ▁od h alu j í ▁t aj em ství ▁pr av ě ku ▁[" Mem ories ▁of ▁the ▁Past ▁or ▁Exper iments ▁Re ve al ▁the ▁Sec rets ▁of ▁Pre history "], ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁ ▁Z as á h li ▁mim oz em š ť an é ▁a ▁kat astro fy ▁do ▁vý vo je ▁lid st va ? ▁[" Did ▁the ▁Ex tr ater rest ri als ▁and ▁Dis asters ▁A ffect ▁the ▁Ev olution ▁of ▁M ank ind ?" ], ▁ 1 9 8 |
8 ▁ ▁Ob div uh od ný ▁č lov ě k : ▁Ú v ah y ▁o ▁lid ské ▁t vo ř iv osti ▁[" The ▁Ad mir able ▁Man : ▁Ref lections ▁on ▁Human ▁Creat ivity "], ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁ ▁D v ac et ▁nej v ý z nam ně j ší ch ▁ar che olog ick ých ▁obj ev ů ▁dv ac át ého ▁sto let í ▁[" The ▁Twenty ▁Most ▁Sign ific ant ▁ 2 0 th - Cent ury ▁Arch ae ological ▁Dis cover ies "], ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁ ▁Jak ▁v zn ik ly ▁nej v ět ší ▁monument y ▁d áv nov ě ku ▁[" How ▁the ▁Big gest ▁Mon uments ▁of ▁Pre history ▁A rose "], ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( co - author ▁P avel ▁P avel ) ▁ ▁Ad olf ▁Born , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁( with ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁authors ) ▁ ▁Ol br am ▁Z ou bek , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁( with ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁authors ) ▁ ▁A lo is ▁Mik ul ka , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ ▁V inc enc ▁Mak ov ský , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁( with ▁Ji ří ▁H lu š ič ka ▁and ▁Ji ří ▁Š eb ek ) ▁ ▁Vlad im ír ▁Pre cl í k , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁( with ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁authors ) ▁ ▁Z den ě k ▁Mach á č ek , ▁ |
2 0 0 5 ▁( co - author ▁Nina ▁D vo ř ák ová ) ▁ ▁Nad ace ▁Univers itas ▁Mas ary k iana : ▁ 1 9 9 3 – 2 0 0 4 ▁[" Univers itas ▁Mas ary k iana ▁Foundation : ▁ 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 0 4 "] : ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Boh um ír ▁M atal , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( co - auth ors ▁Lud ví k ▁K und era ▁and ▁Kate ř ina ▁Sv ob od ová ) ▁ ▁E rot ik on ▁so cha ře ▁Z de ň ka ▁Mach á č ka ▁[" S cul pt or ▁Z den ě k ▁Mach á č ek ▁and ▁his ▁E rot icon "], ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( co - author ▁Jar oslav ▁Z v ě ř ina ) ▁ ▁Vlad im ír ▁Sv ob oda , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( co - author ▁Nina ▁D vo ř ák ová ) ▁ ▁His ▁scientific ▁and ▁educational ▁mon ograph s ▁( 3 0 ) ▁were ▁published ▁both ▁in ▁this ▁country ▁and ▁abroad ▁( Ac adem ia , ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁Edit ura ▁Art em is , ▁Elect a , ▁M ys l ', ▁Progress ▁etc .) ▁in ▁the ▁total ▁printing ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁half ▁a ▁million ▁copies . ▁ ▁Works ▁of ▁fiction ▁He ▁also ▁penetr ated ▁beyond ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁scientific ▁and ▁educational ▁activity ▁and ▁entered ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁fiction : ▁ ▁Am or : |
▁Po č í ta č ov ý ▁syst ém ▁k ▁autom at ické mu ▁gener ov ání ▁mil ost n ých ▁sc én ▁[" Am or : ▁The ▁Computer ▁System ▁for ▁the ▁Autom atic ▁Generation ▁of ▁Love ▁Sc enes '], ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁Pr v ní ▁po zem š ť an ▁[" The ▁First ▁Ter rest rial "], ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁ ▁Sv ě to vá ▁kat astro fa ▁a ▁j in é ▁pov íd ky ▁s ▁ne bl ah ým ▁kon ce m ▁[" The ▁World ▁Dis aster ▁and ▁Other ▁Stories ▁with ▁an ▁O min ous ▁End "], ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁Sm rt ▁profes ora ▁a ▁j in é ▁pří b ě hy ▁z ▁un iver z it ního ▁prost řed í ▁[" The ▁Death ▁of ▁a ▁Professor ▁and ▁other ▁Stories ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁Environment "], ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁Phil anth ropy , ▁fine ▁arts ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁he ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Univers itas ▁Mas ary k iana ▁Foundation ▁( current ly ▁Univers itas ▁Foundation ), ▁became ▁its ▁president 4 ▁and ▁also ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁K arel ▁Eng li š ▁Prize ▁Committee ▁and ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Univers itas ▁Mas ary k iana ▁Foundation ▁Prize ▁Committee . ▁The ▁Foundation ▁supports ▁the ▁following ▁six ▁foundation ▁editorial ▁lines 5 , ▁which ▁Mal ina ▁founded ▁and ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁editor : ▁ ▁Be let rie ▁( F iction ) ▁ ▁He ure ka ▁ ▁Mis cell ane a ▁ ▁Os |
ob nosti ▁( Person al ities ) ▁ ▁Scient ia ▁ ▁Sc int illa ▁ ▁The ▁Univers itas ▁Mas ary k iana ▁Foundation , ▁working ▁in ▁this ▁framework , ▁has ▁produced ▁more ▁than ▁sixty ▁volumes . ▁Within ▁these ▁ed itions ▁not ▁only ▁accomplished ▁authors ▁can ▁publish , ▁it ▁also ▁gives ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁starting ▁authors , ▁works ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁fine ▁arts ▁and ▁other ▁publications ▁which ▁otherwise ▁would ▁otherwise ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁chance ▁to ▁be ▁published . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁acknowled g ements ▁Mal ina ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁R ector ▁of ▁Mas ary k ▁University ▁Prize ▁for ▁the ▁outstanding ▁scientific ▁work ▁( 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ), ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Br no ▁Prize ▁( 1 9 9 7 ), ▁ 3 rd ▁prize ▁and ▁Rec ogn ition ▁of ▁Honor ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁book ▁fair ▁Lib ri ▁in ▁Ol om ou c ▁for ▁the ▁books ▁Vlad im ír ▁Pre cl í k ▁a ▁V inc enc ▁Mak ov ský ▁( 2 0 0 3 ), ▁The ▁C ER M ▁Academ ic ▁Publishing ▁House ▁Prize ▁for ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁- ▁Pr v ní ▁c í sa ř : ▁T v ů r ce ▁Č í ny ▁a ▁o sm ého ▁div u ▁sv ě ta ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁and ▁K ru h ▁pr st enu ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁professor ▁Josef ▁H yn ie ▁Prize ▁for ▁the ▁best ▁publication ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁discipline ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 |
0 0 7 ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁Members hip s ▁Mal ina ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁several ▁academic ▁and ▁institutional ▁comm issions ▁( including ▁hab il itation ▁and ▁professor ate ▁comm issions ) ▁for ▁bi ology ▁and ▁anth rop ology ▁at ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science , ▁Mas ary k ▁University 3 . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁domestic ▁and ▁international ▁panels ▁and ▁institutions ▁( Sc ient ific ▁council ▁of ▁the ▁Pr ague ▁National ▁Gallery , ▁Scient ific ▁council ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science , ▁Mas ary k ▁University , ▁The ▁Society ▁for ▁Support ▁of ▁University ▁Activ ities ▁in ▁Br no ▁and ▁Pr ague ▁etc .). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁http :// is . mun i . cz / do / 1 4 9 9 / el / est ud / pr if / ps 0 9 / k ru h / web / index . html ▁ ▁http :// is . mun i . cz / do / 1 4 3 1 / U An tr Bi ol / el / ant ro pos / index . html ▁ ▁http :// anth rop . sc i . mun i . cz / page . y html ? id = 2 4 9 ▁ ▁http :// www . mun i . cz / people / 2 1 1 8 3 ▁ ▁http :// www . mun i . cz / people / 2 1 1 8 / cv 2 ▁ ▁http :// anth rop . |
sc i . mun i . cz / page . y html ? id = 4 3 6 4 ▁ ▁http :// anth rop . sc i . mun i . cz / page . y html ? id = 4 3 8 5 ▁▁ 1 ▁ ▁Category : C zech ▁archae ologists ▁Category : C zech ▁anth rop ologists ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M as ary k ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : M as ary k ▁University ▁faculty <0x0A> </s> ▁Colin ▁A me y ▁( born ▁D unn ville , ▁Ontario ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁country ▁music ▁artist . ▁A me y ▁has ▁released ▁three ▁studio ▁albums ▁which ▁include ▁ 1 9 9 8 ' s ▁Colin ▁A me y , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ' s ▁What ▁My ▁Heart ▁Don ' t ▁Know ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 6 ' s ▁Get away . ▁Two ▁of ▁A me y ' s ▁singles ▁reached ▁the ▁Top ▁ 2 0 ▁on ▁the ▁R PM ▁Country ▁Tr acks ▁chart ▁in ▁Canada , ▁" I ▁W ish ▁She ▁Was ▁Mine " ▁and ▁" What ▁My ▁Heart ▁Don ' t ▁Know ." ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Music ▁videos ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Music ▁of ▁Canada ▁List ▁of ▁Canadian ▁musicians ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁H ald im and |
▁County ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁country ▁sing ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ▁Al ▁Ka abi ▁( ; ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁S oh ar , ▁O man . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Arab ▁em iss ary ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁He ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁S ultan ▁of ▁O man , ▁Se yy id ▁S aid ▁bin ▁S ultan ▁and ▁s ailed ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁from ▁Z anz ib ar , ▁in ▁a ▁newly ▁built ▁ship , ▁called ▁the ▁S ultan ah , ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁for ▁trade ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁countries . ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁Se yy id ▁S aid ’ s ▁Private ▁Secretary ▁and ▁Political ▁Ad visor . ▁He ▁kept ▁a ▁Log ▁Book ▁during ▁the ▁entire ▁journey ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁recording ▁all ▁the ▁trade ▁transactions ▁and ▁events . ▁The ▁Log ▁Book ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁Sale h ▁bin ▁Abb as ▁bin ▁Abd ul am ir ▁Al Sh a ib ani y ▁through ▁his ▁father ’ s ▁great ▁uncle , ▁Nas ser ▁bin ▁Sale h ▁bin ▁S ule iman ▁Al Sh a ib any . ▁▁ ▁Na ’ aman ▁had ▁two ▁daughters . ▁Fat ma ▁and ▁Mary am . ▁The ▁later ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Nas ser ▁bin ▁Sale h ▁bin ▁S ule iman ▁Al Sh a ib ani ▁but ▁they ▁had ▁no ▁children . ▁ ▁V oy age ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Say y id ▁S aid |
▁bin ▁S ultan ▁had ▁long ▁fl irt ed ▁with ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁sending ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁vessels ▁to ▁the ▁US . ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 9 , ▁several ▁senior ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁firm ▁Sc ov ille ▁and ▁Br itt on ▁arrived ▁in ▁Z anz ib ar ▁and ▁sought ▁to ▁persu ade ▁Say y id ▁S aid ▁to ▁open ▁direct ▁trade ▁with ▁New ▁York . ▁Say y id ▁S aid ▁selected ▁his ▁private ▁secretary ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ▁on ▁his ▁royal ▁ship , ▁Al - S ultan ah ▁for ▁the ▁voyage ▁to ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁navig ated ▁by ▁an ▁English ▁captain , ▁but ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁an ▁American ▁sail ing ▁master ▁upon ▁its ▁return ▁to ▁Z anz ib ar . ▁After ▁loading ▁some ▁cargo ▁in ▁Mus cat , ▁al - S ultan ah ▁took ▁on ▁additional ▁cargo ▁in ▁Z anz ib ar ▁and ▁set ▁sail ▁for ▁America , ▁stopping ▁only ▁in ▁St . ▁Hel ena . ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁well ▁received ▁on ▁its ▁arrival ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁early ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁and ▁its ▁officers ▁were ▁invited ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁Navy ▁Y ard , ▁take ▁a ▁train ▁ride , ▁and ▁attend ▁a ▁reception ▁for ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁vice - pres ident ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁US ▁Navy ▁under to ok ▁repairs ▁to ▁al - S ultan ah , ▁as ▁a ▁gesture ▁of ▁gratitude ▁for ▁al - S ultan ah ’ s ▁assistance ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁vessel ▁Pe ac |
ock , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁damaged ▁when ▁it ▁went ▁ag round ▁on ▁a ▁cor al ▁re ef ▁off ▁Mas ir ah ▁Island ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 5 . ▁The ▁trip ▁was ▁primarily ▁a ▁commercial ▁venture ▁and ▁al - S ultan ah ’ s ▁cargo ▁of ▁Pers ian ▁car p ets , ▁coffee , ▁dates , ▁iv ory ▁t us ks , ▁g um ▁cop al , ▁cl oves , ▁and ▁salt ed ▁h ides ▁was ▁off loaded ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁proceed s ▁were ▁used ▁to ▁purchase ▁American ▁goods ▁including ▁general ▁merch and ise , ▁personal ▁items ▁for ▁Say y id ▁S aid ▁and ▁his ▁brother , ▁and ▁some ▁ch and el iers ▁and ▁mir rors ▁for ▁several ▁Z anz ib ar ▁merch ants . ▁ ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ▁had ▁two ▁daughters , ▁Fat ma ▁and ▁Mary am . ▁His ▁daughter ▁Mary am ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Nas ser ▁bin ▁Sale h ▁bin ▁Nas ser ▁bin ▁S ule iman ▁Al - She ib ani ▁but ▁they ▁had ▁no ▁children . ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ' s ▁estate ▁was ▁inherited ▁by ▁Abd ul am ir ▁bin ▁Ali ▁bin ▁Sale h ▁Al - She ib ani , ▁the ▁nep hew ▁of ▁Nas ser , ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ' s ▁son ▁in - law . ▁Abd ul am ir ▁bin ▁Ali ▁inherited ▁Ah mad ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ' s ▁log book ▁that ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁al - S ultan ah ' s ▁voyage ▁to ▁New |
▁York ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 0 . ▁Abd ul am ir ' s ▁family ▁don ated ▁the ▁log book ▁to ▁O man ' s ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Heritage ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁Museum ▁in ▁Mus cat . ▁Ah med ▁bin ▁Na ' aman ▁died ▁in ▁Z anz ib ar ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Mus cat ▁and ▁O man ▁ ▁S aid ▁bin ▁S ultan ▁ ▁S ultan ate ▁of ▁Z anz ib ar ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : Di plom ats ▁of ▁former ▁countries <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁vocal - in strument al ▁ensemble ▁that ▁comb ines ▁the ▁sounds ▁of ▁male ▁ch oral ▁singing ▁with ▁the ▁or chestr al ▁accompan iment ▁of ▁the ▁multi - string ed ▁Ukrain ian ▁band ura . ▁Origin ally ▁established ▁as ▁" Tor onto ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁ensemble ▁has ▁been ▁performing ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" Can ad ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁It ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁ensemble ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁as ▁a ▁male ▁band ur ist ▁ch orus ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" Tor onto ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella ". ▁The ▁original ▁group ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁artistic ▁direction ▁of ▁Victor ▁M |
ish al ow ▁and ▁included ▁several ▁instrumental ists ▁from ▁the ▁H ry h ory ▁K yt asty ▁Band ura ▁Ch orus , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ch or ister s ▁from ▁various ▁Ukrain ian ▁cho irs ▁in ▁Toronto . ▁The ▁ensemble ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁Canadian ▁National ▁Exhib ition ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁with ▁ 2 4 ▁perform ers . The ▁group ▁incorporated ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁the ▁ensemble ▁officially ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁" Can ad ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁and ▁released ▁its ▁first ▁self - t itled ▁CD ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁first ▁years ▁the ▁group ▁performed ▁in ▁various ▁cities ▁across ▁Ontario . ▁The ▁Cap ella ' s ▁first ▁concert ▁outside ▁of ▁Ontario ▁was ▁in ▁Montreal ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁the ▁ensemble ▁performed ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁mark ing ▁its ▁first ▁international ▁performance . ▁ ▁Later ▁that ▁year ▁the ▁Cap ella ▁made ▁its ▁first ▁visit ▁to ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Pra ir ies ▁by ▁performing ▁in ▁W inn ipe g , ▁and ▁in ▁D au ph in , ▁Man it oba ▁at ▁Canada ' s ▁National ▁Ukrain ian ▁Festival . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁released ▁its ▁second ▁CD ▁titled ▁" Г ра й ▁Ко б з ар ю !" ▁( Play ▁K ob z ar !) ▁with ▁renown ▁guest |
▁solo ist ▁Pav lo ▁H unk a ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁ensemble ▁embr aced ▁a ▁' n arr ative ▁performance ▁style ' ▁that ▁included ▁musical ▁numbers ▁inter sp ers ed ▁with ▁stories ▁and ▁poems . ▁This ▁included ▁programs ▁such ▁as ▁" С ло во ▁Та ра са " ▁(" Word ▁of ▁Tar as "), ▁" Ко за ць ка ▁С ла ва " ▁(" K oz ak ▁Gl ory ") ▁and ▁" С ла ва ▁Ге ро я м ▁У П А " ▁(" Gl ory ▁to ▁Our ▁Hero es ▁U PA "). ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁And ri y ▁D my t rov ych ▁was ▁appointed ▁Art istic ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Cap ella . ▁Under ▁his ▁direction , ▁the ▁group ▁released ▁its ▁third ▁CD ▁( First ▁Live ▁Rec ording ) ▁" In ▁Memory ▁of ▁Those ▁Who ▁Lost ▁Their ▁L ives ▁on ▁the ▁M aid an ". ▁ ▁Audio ▁Record ings ▁ 1 . ▁" Can ad ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ 1 4 ▁tracks ▁▁ 2 . ▁" Г pa й ▁К o б з ap ю !" ▁( Play ▁K ob z ar !) ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ 1 2 ▁tracks ▁▁ 3 . ▁" In ▁Memory ▁of ▁Those ▁Who ▁Lost ▁Their ▁L ives ▁on ▁the ▁M aid an " ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ 1 2 ▁tracks ▁▁ 4 |
. ▁" Ко за ць ко му ▁ро ду ▁не ма ▁пере во ду " ▁( K oz aks ▁Fore ver ) ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ 1 2 ▁tracks ▁▁ 5 . ▁" Ко ля да " ▁( K oli ada ) ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ 1 3 ▁tracks ▁ ▁Art istic ▁Lead ership ▁ ▁Victor ▁M ish al ow ▁( 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 3 ) ▁- ▁Art istic ▁Director ▁ ▁Y ur ij ▁Pet l ura ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁- ▁Con du ctor ▁( T emporary . ▁Other ▁positions ▁include : ▁Con cert master ▁( 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 3 ), ▁Assistant ▁condu ctor ▁( 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 ). ) ▁ ▁And ri y ▁D my t rov ych ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 7 ) ▁- ▁Art istic ▁Director ▁( Other ▁positions ▁include : ▁Cho irm aster ▁and ▁co - con du ctor ▁( 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 1 1 ). ) ▁ ▁Pav lo ▁F onder a ▁( 2 0 1 7 - 2 0 1 8 ) ▁- ▁Gu est ▁Con du ctor ▁( Other ▁positions ▁include : ▁Cho irm aster ▁( 2 0 1 7 – Present ). ) ▁ ▁Julian ▁K yt asty ▁( 2 0 1 8 – Present ) ▁- ▁Mus ical ▁Director ▁▁ ▁Vas yl ▁T ury an yn ▁( 2 0 1 |
8 – Present ) ▁- ▁Con du ctor ▁ ▁Current ▁direction ▁The ▁current ▁Mus ical ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁ensemble ▁is ▁Julian ▁K yt asty . ▁The ▁artistic ▁team ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁condu ctor ▁- ▁Vas yl ▁T ury an yn , ▁cho irm aster ▁- ▁Pav lo ▁F onder a , ▁and ▁concert master ▁- ▁B ory s ▁Ost ap ien ko . ▁ ▁Chron ology ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁- ▁Est ab lished ▁as ▁the ▁" Tor onto ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella ", ▁under ▁the ▁artistic ▁direction ▁of ▁Victor ▁M ish al ow ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁- ▁First ▁performance ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁at ▁the ▁Canadian ▁National ▁Exhib ition . ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁- ▁E lected ▁the ▁first ▁board ▁of ▁directors ▁in ▁autumn ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁- ▁First ▁independent ▁Christmas ▁Con cert ▁in ▁O sh awa , ▁Ontario . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁- ▁In cor por ated ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" Tor onto ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁- ▁Ch anged ▁its ▁trade ▁name ▁to ▁" Can ad ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella ". ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁- ▁Re leased ▁its ▁first ▁CD , ▁self - t itled ▁" Can ad ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Cap ella " ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ |
2 0 0 6 ▁- ▁First ▁international ▁concert ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois , ▁USA . ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁- ▁Re leased ▁its ▁second ▁CD ▁titled ▁" Г pa й ▁К o б з ap ю !" ▁(" Play ▁K ob z ar ! ") ▁featuring ▁renown ▁bar it one / b ass ▁Pav lo ▁H unk a ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁- ▁" Word ▁of ▁Tar as " ▁( С ло во ▁Та ра са ) ▁concert ▁tour ▁( St . C ath ar ines , ▁O sh awa , ▁Toronto ). ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁- ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁helped ▁re - est ablish ▁the ▁band ura ▁program ▁of ▁the ▁O D UM ▁Music ▁and ▁Sports ▁camp ▁in ▁London , ▁Ontario . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁- ▁Per formed ▁at ▁the ▁She v chen ko ▁Mon ument ▁un ve iling ▁in ▁Ott awa , ▁Ontario ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁- ▁Gl ory ▁to ▁our ▁Hero es ▁( UP A ) ▁conc erts ▁( Tor onto , ▁O sh awa ). ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Y ur ij ▁Pet l ura ▁assumes ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁temporary ▁Art istic ▁Director ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁And ri y ▁D my t rov ych ▁appointed ▁as ▁Art istic ▁Director ▁in ▁autumn ▁ 2 |
0 1 3 . ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁Per formed ▁at ▁the ▁" G ala ▁Con cert ▁comm emor ating ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 th ▁Ann iversary ▁of ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁Tar as ▁She v chen ko " ▁at ▁Ko er ner ▁Hall , ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario . ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁Per formed ▁at ▁the ▁" Can ada ▁and ▁Ukraine ▁Together " ▁Benef it ▁Con cert ▁at ▁Ham m erson ▁Hall , ▁Living ▁Arts ▁Centre , ▁Mississ au ga , ▁Ontario . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁- ▁Re leased ▁its ▁third ▁CD ▁( First ▁Live ▁performance ▁CD ) ▁" In ▁Memory ▁of ▁Those ▁Who ▁Lost ▁Their ▁L ives ▁on ▁the ▁M aid an " ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 5 ". ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁J oint ▁Christmas ▁Con cert ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Band ur ist ▁Ch orus ▁titled ▁- ▁" K ob z ar ▁Christmas " ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁Re leased ▁its ▁fourth ▁CD ▁( 3 rd ▁Studio ▁Rec ording ) ▁titled ▁" Ко за ць ко му ▁ро ду ▁не ма ▁пере во ду " ▁( K oz aks ▁Fore ver ) ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁S ources ▁Мі ша лов , ▁В . ▁" К об з ар ська ▁с пад щи на ▁Г ната ▁Х от ке вича ▁у ▁ді а спо рі " ▁// ▁Т ра |
ди ції ▁і ▁су ча с не ▁в ▁україн ські й ▁куль ту рі ▁/ Т е зи ▁до по ві дей ▁Мі ж народ ної ▁нау ко во - пра кти чно ї ▁кон ф ере н ції , ▁при с вя че ної ▁ 1 2 5 - рі ч ч ю ▁Г ната ▁Х от ке вича / ▁X .: ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁- ▁С . 9 7 - 9 8 ▁Мі ша лов , ▁В . ▁– ▁Б ан ду ра ▁в ▁е мі гра цій них ▁цент ра х ▁у ▁мі ж во є н ний ▁пер і о д ▁( с . 9 5 - 1 0 3 ) ▁– ▁Kar pack i ▁Coll age ▁Art yst ycz ny ▁– ▁Bi ule ty n ▁– ▁Pr zem ys l , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁Y out ube ▁channel ▁ ▁Category : U kr ain ian ▁music ▁Category : K ob z ar st vo ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Toronto ▁Category : U kr ain ian ▁Canadian ▁culture ▁Category : Band ura ▁en semb les ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁cho irs ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Manchester ▁School ▁of ▁Technology ▁( M ST ) ▁is ▁a ▁school ▁located ▁at ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Ger ald ▁Con n ors ▁Circle , ▁in |
▁Manchester , ▁New ▁Hampshire , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁focused ▁on ▁applied ▁applications ▁of ▁programs ▁of ▁study , ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁theoretical ▁or ▁abstract . ▁The ▁teachers ▁for ▁the ▁programs ▁are ▁all ▁experts ▁in ▁their ▁fields , ▁having ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁and ▁bringing ▁their ▁own ▁job ▁experience ▁to ▁their ▁classes . ▁Even ▁the ▁class rooms ▁themselves ▁are ▁designed ▁to ▁function ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁similar ▁to ▁their ▁real ▁world ▁counter parts . ▁ ▁Currently ▁it ▁is ▁its ▁own ▁high ▁school . ▁Until ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁dedicated ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁it ▁only ▁had ▁part - time ▁ 1 1 th ▁and ▁ 1 2 th ▁grade ▁students ▁who ▁primarily ▁attended ▁other ▁schools . ▁ ▁C ourses ▁ ▁Business / Mark eting ▁Ap plied ▁Business ▁Management ▁Academy ▁of ▁Finance ▁Sports ▁& ▁Entertainment ▁Marketing ▁Communications ▁Design ▁Commun ication ▁Graph ic ▁and ▁Game ▁Design ▁Video ▁Production ▁Construction ▁Land scape ▁/ ▁H ort icult ure ▁Elect rical ▁Technology ▁Res idential ▁Car p entry ▁Res idential ▁Pl umbing ▁& ▁H V AC ▁Mechan ical / Te chn ology ▁Autom otive ▁Technology ▁Coll ision ▁Rep air ▁/ ▁Ref in ish ▁Technology ▁Architect ure ▁& ▁Civil ▁Engineering ▁Manufact uring ▁Technology ▁Services ▁Early ▁Child hood ▁Education ▁Cos met ology ▁C ul inary ▁Arts ▁Basic ▁C ul inary ▁Public ▁Safety ▁Health ▁Science ▁Technology ▁Education ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Manchester ▁School ▁of ▁Technology ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Manchester , ▁New ▁Hampshire ▁Category : Public ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁New |
▁Hampshire <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Dam ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁high ▁concrete ▁gravity ▁dam ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁Y en ise y ▁River ▁about ▁ ▁up stream ▁from ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁in ▁Div nog ors k , ▁Russia . ▁It ▁was ▁constructed ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁and ▁it ▁supplies ▁about ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁M W ▁( six ▁G W ) ▁of ▁power , ▁mostly ▁used ▁to ▁supply ▁the ▁Kr A Z ▁( K ras n oy ars ky ▁Al umin iev yy ▁Z av od , ▁the ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Al umin um ▁Plant ). ▁Both ▁power ▁and ▁alumin um ▁plants ▁are ▁contr ou in j nf ij cn se bf h db dr ll ed ▁by ▁the ▁R US AL ▁company . ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁with ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁turb ine ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁the ▁power house ▁was ▁the ▁world ' s ▁single ▁largest ▁power ▁plant ▁until ▁the ▁Grand ▁Cou lee ▁Dam ▁in ▁Washington ▁State ▁reached ▁ 6 , 1 8 1 M W ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁The ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Dam ▁is ▁held ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁land mark ▁symbol ▁of ▁K ras n oy ars k , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁depicted ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 0 - rub le ▁bank note . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁dam ming , ▁the |
▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Res erv oir ▁was ▁created . ▁This ▁reserv oir , ▁inform ally ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Sea , ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁volume ▁of ▁. ▁It ▁is ▁ ▁in ▁length ▁and ▁ ▁in ▁width ▁at ▁its ▁wid est , ▁has ▁an ▁average ▁depth ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁a ▁depth ▁of ▁ ▁near ▁the ▁dam . ▁ ▁The ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁Dam ▁significantly ▁influences ▁the ▁local ▁climate ; ▁normally ▁the ▁river ▁would ▁freeze ▁over ▁in ▁the ▁bitter ly ▁cold ▁S iber ian ▁winter , ▁but ▁because ▁the ▁dam ▁releases ▁unf ro zen ▁water ▁year - round , ▁the ▁river ▁never ▁free zes ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁to ▁ ▁stretch ▁of ▁river ▁immediately ▁down stream ▁from ▁the ▁dam . ▁In ▁winter , ▁the ▁fr ig id ▁air ▁inter acts ▁with ▁the ▁warm ▁river ▁water ▁to ▁produce ▁fog , ▁which ▁sh rou ds ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁and ▁other ▁down stream ▁areas . ▁ ▁Ship ▁lift ▁▁ ▁The ▁dam ▁is ▁equipped ▁with ▁a ▁canal ▁inclined ▁plane ▁to ▁allow ▁passage ▁of ▁ships . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁an ▁electric ▁rack ▁railway . ▁The ▁track ▁gauge ▁is ▁, ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁wid est - g auge ▁railway ▁of ▁any ▁type ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁its ▁construction , ▁this ▁feat ▁of ▁modern ▁engineering ▁allowed ▁for ▁ships ▁to ▁be ▁physically ▁moved ▁in ▁only ▁ 9 0 ▁minutes . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁power ▁stations ▁in ▁Russia ▁ |
▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Y en ise y ▁River ▁Steam ▁Nav igation ▁ ▁- ▁photo ▁gallery ▁showing ▁ship ▁elevator ▁ ▁Sing l ▁Russian ▁sh i pl ift / Е дин ствен ный ▁в ▁России ▁су до по д ъ ем ник ▁- ▁Video ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁elevator ▁in ▁operation ▁ ▁Category : H ydro elect ric ▁power ▁stations ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : H ydro elect ric ▁power ▁stations ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁K ras n oy ars k ▁K rai ▁Category : D ams ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Category : D ams ▁on ▁the ▁Y en ise i ▁River ▁Category : Broad ▁gauge ▁rail ways ▁by ▁size <0x0A> </s> ▁Mar eren i ▁is ▁a ▁settlement ▁in ▁Kenya ' s ▁Coast ▁Province . Lat itude ▁and ▁Long itude ▁of ▁Mar eren i ▁are : ▁Lat itude : ▁- 2 . 8 6 9 1 7 , ▁Long itude : ▁ 4 0 . 1 4 5 6 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Coast ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Route ▁ 2 4 A , ▁or ▁Highway ▁ 2 4 A , ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁▁ ▁Florida ▁State ▁Road ▁ 2 4 A ▁M - 2 4 A ▁( M ich igan ▁highway ) ▁( former ) ▁ ▁Neb r aska ▁Link ▁ 2 4 A ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Route ▁ 2 4 A ▁( former ) ▁ ▁County ▁Route ▁ 2 |
4 A ▁( L iving ston ▁County , ▁New ▁York ) ▁ ▁County ▁Route ▁ 2 4 A ▁( One ida ▁County , ▁New ▁York ) ▁ ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Highway ▁ 2 4 A ▁ ▁Utah ▁State ▁Route ▁ 2 4 A ▁( former ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Ren mark ▁may ▁refer ▁to . ▁ ▁Ren mark , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁a ▁town ▁and ▁local ity ▁in ▁South ▁Australia ▁Ren mark ▁Airport , ▁an ▁airport ▁in ▁South ▁Australia ▁Ren mark ▁P ione er , ▁a ▁former ▁newspaper ▁in ▁South ▁Australia ▁which ▁now ▁tr ades ▁as ▁the ▁Murray ▁P ione er ▁Town ▁of ▁Ren mark , ▁a ▁former ▁local ▁government ▁area ▁in ▁South ▁Australia ▁which ▁was ▁merged ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁Ren mark ▁P aring a ▁Council ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Ren mark ▁Ro vers ▁Football ▁Club <0x0A> </s> ▁B erm uda ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Par apan ▁American ▁Games . ▁ ▁Compet itors ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁lists ▁B erm uda ' s ▁deleg ation ▁per ▁sport ▁and ▁gender . ▁ ▁Athlet ics ▁ ▁Women ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : N ations ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Par apan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁in ▁B erm ud ian ▁sport ▁Category : B erm uda ▁at ▁the ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁Cin ema ▁Company ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Mal ay al am ▁romantic ▁comedy ▁drama ▁film ▁written ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁M amas , ▁and ▁star ring ▁mainly ▁new com ers . ▁Bas il |
, ▁San je ev ▁M ▁N air , ▁Sh r uth i ▁H ari har an ▁and ▁Bad ri ▁play ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁four ▁close ▁friends ▁who ▁dream ▁of ▁making ▁a ▁film . ▁ ▁Plot ▁As ▁Paul ▁Cher i yan ▁( Bas il ) ▁pre pa res ▁to ▁leave ▁for ▁his ▁office , ▁he ▁sees ▁several ▁people ▁coming ▁into ▁his ▁building . ▁He ▁asks ▁a ▁watch man ▁about ▁it , ▁and ▁learn s ▁that ▁a ▁boy ▁has ▁died ▁in ▁an ▁accident , ▁to ▁which ▁his ▁friends ▁bore ▁witness . ▁Paul ▁goes ▁to ▁where ▁the ▁dead ▁boy ' s ▁friends ▁are ▁mour ning ▁and ▁cur sing ▁themselves , ▁and ▁then ▁returns ▁to ▁his ▁apartment , ▁where ▁he ▁starts ▁thinking ▁about ▁his ▁own ▁friends ▁and ▁where ▁they ▁might ▁be ▁now . ▁ ▁He ▁rec alls ▁Par v ath i ▁( Sh r uth i ▁H ari har an ), ▁also ▁called ▁Par u , ▁who ▁carried ▁a ▁U k ule le ▁with ▁her ▁and ▁sang ▁j ing les ▁on ▁air , ▁then ▁V arg he se ▁Pan ik kar ▁( San je ev ), ▁a ▁rich ▁friend ▁of ▁his ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁director ▁and ▁always ▁carried ▁a ▁sketch ▁pad ▁and ▁a ▁camera . ▁He ▁next ▁thinks ▁about ▁F az al ▁( Bad ri ), ▁also ▁called ▁I k ka , ▁a ▁writer ▁who ▁received ▁many ▁awards ▁for ▁his ▁books . ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁a ▁rich ▁girl ▁named ▁R osh ni ▁( L ak sh mi ). ▁Paul ▁then ▁reflects ▁on ▁his |
▁own ▁former ▁dream ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁actor . ▁The ▁four ▁friends ▁had ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁film ▁together , ▁but ▁things ▁did ▁not ▁work ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁project ▁was ▁abandoned . ▁ ▁Paul ▁returns ▁to ▁K och i , ▁the ▁place ▁where ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁friends ▁had ▁tried ▁and ▁failed ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁film . ▁He ▁is ▁reun ited ▁with ▁his ▁friends ▁and ▁they ▁finally ▁make ▁the ▁movie ▁of ▁their ▁dreams , ▁which ▁then ▁becomes ▁a ▁huge ▁success . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Bas il ▁as ▁Paul ▁Cher i yan ▁ ▁San je ev ▁M ▁N air ▁as ▁V arg he se ▁Pan ik kar ▁ ▁Sh r uth i ▁H ari har an ▁as ▁Par v ath i , ▁a ka ▁Par u ▁ ▁Bad ri ▁as ▁F az al , ▁a ka ▁I k ka ▁ ▁San am ▁She tty ▁as ▁Deep ika ▁ ▁L ak sh mi ▁as ▁R osh ni , ▁F az al ' s ▁girlfriend ▁ ▁K ott ay am ▁N aze er ▁as ▁Say ip pu , ▁a ▁production ▁controller ▁ ▁L alu ▁Alex ▁as ▁R osh ni ' s ▁father ▁ ▁T . ▁P . ▁Mad hav an ▁as ▁Military ▁uncle ▁ ▁Bab ur aj ▁as ▁Sab u , ▁a ▁movie - l oving ▁th ug ▁ ▁Sh ib la ▁as ▁F as na ▁ ▁Sw as ika ▁as ▁Re ena ▁Kr ish na ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁a ▁media - man ▁and ▁Re ena ' s ▁life ▁partner ▁ ▁N ith in ▁as ▁R aje ev |
, ▁an ▁actor ▁ ▁Nar ay an ank ut ty ▁as ▁the ▁aut od river ▁ ▁Un ni ▁S iv ap al ▁as ▁the ▁film ▁director ▁ ▁B iju ▁Par av oor ▁as ▁a ▁friend ▁of ▁the ▁Cin ema ▁Company ▁ ▁Amb ika ▁Moh an ▁as ▁Paul ' s ▁mother ▁ ▁Sound track ▁The ▁sound track ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Al ph ons ▁Joseph , ▁with ▁lyrics ▁p enn ed ▁by ▁Ra fe eq ▁A ham med , ▁San th osh ▁Var ma ▁and ▁Jag me et ▁Bal . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁romantic ▁comedy - dr ama ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁romantic ▁comedy - dr ama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁W T NI ▁( 1 6 4 0 ▁AM ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁licensed ▁to ▁Bil ox i , ▁Mississippi , ▁which ▁broadcast s ▁a ▁Classic ▁Country ▁format ▁with ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁w atts ▁day time ▁and ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁w atts ▁at ▁night . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁six ▁broadcast ing ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁licensed ▁for ▁ 1 6 4 0 ▁k Hz . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁W T NI ' s ▁began ▁operation ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁the ▁AM ▁expanded |
▁band ▁" t win " ▁of ▁W V MI ▁on ▁AM ▁ 5 7 0 k Hz . ▁W V MI ▁was ▁originally ▁owned ▁by ▁Radio ▁Associ ates . ▁It ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁Construction ▁Perm it ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁and ▁signed ▁on ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁The ▁station ▁originally ▁was ▁limited ▁to ▁day time - only ▁operation ▁with ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁w atts . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁the ▁signal ▁was ▁up graded ▁to ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁w atts ▁day time , ▁and ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁w atts ▁at ▁night . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁W V MI ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁T eles outh ▁Communications , ▁which ▁changed ▁the ▁format ▁from ▁country ▁music ▁to ▁News / T alk . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁ten ▁additional ▁frequencies , ▁from ▁ 1 6 1 0 - 1 7 0 0 k Hz , ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁AM ▁broadcast ▁band ▁in ▁the ▁Amer icas , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁W V MI ▁received ▁permission ▁to ▁move ▁to ▁ 1 6 4 0 k Hz . ▁The ▁operation ▁on ▁ 1 6 4 0 k Hz ▁was ▁licensed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁W T NI , ▁which ▁stood ▁for ▁" T alk , ▁News , ▁Information ", ▁and ▁continued ▁the ▁existing ▁News / T alk ▁format . ▁Later |
▁that ▁year ▁W V MI ▁ce ased ▁operations ▁on ▁ 5 7 0 k Hz . ▁ ▁W T NI ▁later ▁began ▁sim ul cast ing ▁W ANG ▁ 1 4 9 0 ▁AM ' s ▁" The ▁Ch amp " ▁sports ▁format . ▁This ▁sim ul cast ▁was ▁dis contin ued ▁on ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁with ▁W ANG ▁switching ▁to ▁a ▁Classic ▁Country ▁format , ▁and ▁W T NI ▁continuing ▁with ▁sports . ▁However , ▁the ▁following ▁June ▁W T NI ▁returned ▁to ▁sim ul cast ing ▁W ANG , ▁now ▁carrying ▁that ▁station ' s ▁Classic ▁Country ▁programming ▁as ▁" 1 0 3 . 5 ▁The ▁Pos sum ". ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁log os ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ 1 0 3 . 5 ▁the ▁PO SS UM ▁Facebook ▁ ▁T NI ▁Category : Country ▁radio ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Bro xb urn ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁West ▁L oth ian , ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁Bro xb urn ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Bro xb urn , ▁Alber ta , ▁Canada ▁ ▁Bro xb urn , ▁East ▁L oth ian , ▁Scotland ▁ ▁Bro xb urn , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia ▁ ▁Bro xb urn ▁Athlet ic ▁F . C ., ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Bro xb urn , ▁West ▁L oth ian , ▁Scotland ▁ ▁Bro xb urn ▁United ▁F . C ., ▁in ▁the |
▁town ▁of ▁Bro xb urn , ▁West ▁L oth ian , ▁Scotland <0x0A> </s> ▁Amb ly op one ▁austral is , ▁the ▁southern ▁Miche lin ▁ant , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ant ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Amb ly op one , ▁native ▁to ▁Australia . ▁The ▁species ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Wilhelm ▁Ferd inand ▁Er ich son ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 . ▁Work ers ▁can ▁vary ▁in ▁colour ▁from ▁yellow ▁to ▁dark ▁brown ▁or ▁black . ▁They ▁have ▁a ▁body ▁length ▁of ▁ 4 . 5 – 8 mm ; ▁que ens ▁are ▁larger . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁accidentally ▁introduced ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁become ▁widely ▁established ▁across ▁the ▁North ▁Island . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁ant ▁species ▁established ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Bi ology ▁ ▁Amb ly op one ▁austral is ▁lives ▁in ▁relatively ▁small ▁colon ies ▁of ▁tens ▁to ▁hundreds ▁( up ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 ), ▁typically ▁under ▁logs ▁or ▁stones . ▁Adult s ▁for age ▁above ▁and ▁below ▁ground , ▁pre ying ▁upon ▁other ▁ar th rop od s , ▁par al ys ing ▁them ▁with ▁their ▁st ing . ▁Lar va e ▁are ▁fed ▁dis member ed ▁body ▁parts ▁of ▁prey . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Ant W iki : ▁Am by l op one ▁austral is ▁– ▁Incl udes ▁map ▁of ▁global ▁distribution ▁Less ons ▁from ▁Little ▁Creat ures . ▁Article ▁on ▁New ▁Zealand ▁an ts ▁from ▁N Z ▁National ▁Ge ographic . ▁Beautiful ly ▁illustrated |
. ▁ ▁Category : A mb ly op on ina e ▁Category : H ym en opter a ▁of ▁Australia ▁Category : Ant s ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sal em ▁Police ▁Department ▁( SP D ) ▁is ▁the ▁police ▁department ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Sal em , ▁Massachusetts . ▁The ▁police ▁headquarters ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 9 5 ▁M argin ▁Street . ▁, ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁is ▁Mary ▁E . ▁Butler . ▁ ▁Rank ▁structure ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Sal em ▁Police ▁Department ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁history , ▁tracing ▁its ▁roots ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁const ables ▁and ▁sh er iffs ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 0 0 s . ▁The ▁department ▁was ▁organized ▁into ▁its ▁current ▁form ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 3 6 , ▁by ▁city ▁ordin ance , ▁making ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁police ▁departments ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁The ▁department ' s ▁former ▁headquarters ▁was ▁located ▁at ▁ 1 7 ▁Central ▁Street ▁and ▁was ▁in ▁use ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁A ▁new ▁headquarters ▁building ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁and ▁dedicated ▁in ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁former ▁Chief ▁Robert ▁St . ▁Pierre ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Three ▁officers ▁in ▁the ▁Sal em ▁Police ▁Department ▁have ▁died ▁while ▁on ▁duty |
. ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Sw orn ▁personnel ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁breakdown ▁of ▁the ▁sw orn ▁personnel ▁by ▁city ▁ordin ance ▁when ▁fully ▁staff ed . ▁ ▁Emer gency ▁dispatch ▁ ▁Sal em ▁PD ▁is ▁the ▁primary ▁public - s af ety ▁answering ▁point ▁( PS AP ) ▁for ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Sal em ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁initial ▁call ▁point ▁responsible ▁for ▁all ▁emergency ▁ 9 1 1 ▁calls , ▁including ▁medical ▁and ▁fire . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Sal em ▁PD ▁responded ▁to ▁approximately ▁ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁calls ▁for ▁service . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 1 / 8 ▁of ▁all ▁calls ▁are ▁forward ed ▁to ▁the ▁Fire ▁Department , ▁but ▁those ▁calls ▁are ▁also ▁served ▁by ▁SPD . ▁The ▁dispatch ▁center ▁also ▁receives ▁calls ▁for ▁the ▁Sal em ▁State ▁University ▁and ▁the ▁SPD ▁works ▁closely ▁with ▁them ▁on ▁matters ▁of ▁mutual ▁concern . ▁The ▁dispatch ▁center ▁is ▁typically ▁staff ed ▁by ▁one ▁or ▁two ▁civilian ▁dispatch ers , ▁one ▁House ▁Officer / Dispatch er , ▁ 1 ▁House ▁Sergeant ▁and ▁ 1 ▁lieutenant ▁( Off icer ▁in ▁Ch arge ). ▁ ▁D ive ▁team ▁The ▁SPD ▁maint ains ▁a ▁highly ▁trained ▁dive ▁team ▁of ▁full - time ▁sw orn ▁police ▁officers . ▁The ▁team ▁is ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁eighteen ▁police ▁officers , ▁including ▁the ▁Sal em ▁Har b orm aster . ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁divers ▁and ▁Har b orm aster ▁are ▁sw orn ▁full - time ▁police ▁officers ▁who ▁hold ▁multiple ▁dive ▁cert ifications |
▁ranging ▁in ▁areas ▁to ▁include ▁Rap id ▁De ployment , ▁Res c ue ▁D iving , ▁Search ▁and ▁Rec overy , ▁Black - water ▁D iving , ▁Ice ▁D iving , ▁and ▁Under water ▁Crim inal ▁Invest igation . ▁The ▁team ▁is ▁led ▁by ▁a ▁Captain ▁who ▁is ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁" Off icer - in - Ch arge ". ▁The ▁dive ▁team ▁is ▁the ▁sole ▁official ▁dive ▁team ▁resource ▁of ▁N EM LE C , ▁which ▁provides ▁regional ▁mutual ▁aid ▁to ▁over ▁ 4 3 ▁communities ▁and ▁ 5 8 ▁agencies ▁in ▁nort he astern ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁Crim inal ▁Invest igation ▁Division ▁The ▁Crim inal ▁Invest igation ▁Division , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁C ID , ▁is ▁headed ▁by ▁a ▁lieutenant , ▁as ▁the ▁Unit ▁Commander , ▁and ▁two ▁ser ge ants ▁as ▁shift ▁super vis ors . ▁There ▁is ▁one ▁lieutenant , ▁two ▁ser ge ants , ▁ 8 ▁detect ives , ▁ 1 ▁Dom estic ▁Vi olence ▁L ia ison ▁Officer , ▁ 1 ▁Animal ▁Control ▁Officer ▁and ▁ 1 ▁Lat ent ▁Print ▁Techn ician ▁( Ret ired ▁Detect ive ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁law ▁enforcement ▁agencies ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ▁police ▁departments ▁of ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Sal em , ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁Here ford ▁Cat hedral ▁Library ▁is ▁a ▁working ▁the ological ▁l ending ▁and ▁reference ▁library ▁located ▁in ▁Here ford ▁Cat hedral , ▁Here ford , ▁England ; ▁it ▁also ▁holds ▁books ▁and ▁manuscript |
s ▁of ▁major ▁importance ▁to ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁county ▁of ▁Here ford shire . ▁Here ford ▁Cat hedral ▁Library ▁is ▁also ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁ch ained ▁books ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁library ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁to ▁survive ▁with ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁chains , ▁ro ds ▁and ▁locks ▁still ▁intact . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ 1 6 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries ▁During ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Elizabeth ▁I , ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 2 , ▁a ▁commission ▁investig ating ▁the ▁cat hedral ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁collection , ▁gathered ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century , ▁was ▁poorly ▁organ ised ▁and ▁poorly ▁kept . ▁In ▁ 1 5 9 0 ▁the ▁whole ▁library ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Lady ▁Chap el , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 1 ▁the ▁Ch ained ▁Library ▁( with ▁books ▁in ▁manuscript ▁ch ained ▁to ▁their ▁places ) ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Thor nt on . ▁Thor nt on , ▁who ▁was ▁canon ▁of ▁Here ford ▁from ▁ 1 5 8 3 ▁on wards ▁and ▁vice - ch ancell or ▁of ▁Oxford ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 3 ▁and ▁ 1 5 9 9 , ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁chain ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁library . ▁William ▁Brew ster ▁be que at hed ▁the ▁collection ▁to ▁St ▁John ' s ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁Many ▁books ▁were ▁added ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 8 ▁the ▁collection ▁from ▁the ▁Jes uit ▁College ▁at ▁C wm , ▁L |
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