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▁co - equal ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁branches ▁of ▁government ▁under ▁the ▁constitution , ▁and ▁is ▁only ▁used ▁to ▁indicate ▁ceremon ial ▁protocol . ▁ ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁S aul i ▁Ni in ist ö ▁Ret ired ▁Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁in ▁order ▁of ▁term : ▁President ▁Mart ti ▁A ht isa ari ▁President ▁Tar ja ▁Hal onen ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁Matt i ▁Van han en ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁S anna ▁Mar in ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁T atu ▁Le pp ä nen ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Administr ative ▁Court ▁P ek ka ▁Vi her v u ori ▁Chief ▁of ▁Def ence ▁J arm o ▁Lind berg ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁Justice ▁Tu omas ▁P ö yst i ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁Tur ku ▁T ap io ▁Lu oma ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁of ▁Liberty ▁Gust av ▁H ä gg l und ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Rose ▁of ▁Finland ▁and ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Lion ▁of ▁Finland ▁A ino ▁S all inen ▁Ch ancell or ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁H els ink i ▁Ka ar le ▁H ä mer i ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Protocol ▁information ▁form ▁the ▁Foreign ▁Ministry ▁▁ ▁Category : Or ders ▁of ▁preced ence ▁Category : F inn ish ▁society <0x0A> </s> ▁Matt ▁Al a ed d ine ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian - based ▁entertain er ▁from ▁Ed mont on , ▁Alber ta ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁ ▁world ' s ▁f att est ▁cont ortion ist . ▁He |
▁has ▁trav elled ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁performing ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ven ues . ▁After ▁getting ▁his ▁start ▁at ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁F ringe ▁Festival , ▁he ▁has ▁gone ▁on ▁to ▁appear ▁on ▁The ▁Ton ight ▁Show ▁with ▁Jay ▁L eno , ▁Canada ' s ▁Got ▁Tal ent , ▁and ▁Com edy ▁Central ' s ▁G ong ▁Show . ▁He ▁holds ▁the ▁world ▁records ▁for ▁" He av iest ▁Man ▁to ▁Touch ▁Own ▁Fe et ▁to ▁E ars " ▁and ▁" He av iest ▁Man ▁to ▁F it ▁Through ▁a ▁H ula ▁H oop ." ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁known ▁by ▁many ▁nick names ▁and ▁stage ▁names ▁including ▁F att ▁Matt , ▁Big ▁Mac , ▁and ▁Pow erm ann , ▁ ▁Ab ilities ▁Despite ▁his ▁ 4 0 0 + ▁pound ▁weight , ▁Al a ed d ine ▁is ▁skilled ▁at ▁cont ortion . ▁He ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁performing ▁a ▁side ▁split . ▁He ▁can ▁also ▁dis loc ate ▁his ▁shoulders ▁which ▁he ▁can ▁use ▁to ▁escape ▁from ▁a ▁stra it j acket . ▁He ▁can ▁place ▁his ▁leg ▁behind ▁his ▁head , ▁or ▁create ▁a ▁form ▁he ▁refers ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁" f ruit ▁bowl " ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁touches ▁both ▁the ▁sol es ▁of ▁his ▁feet ▁to ▁his ▁cheeks ▁ ▁The ▁Jim ▁Rose ▁Circ us ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Al a ed d ine ▁joined ▁ ▁The ▁Jim ▁Rose ▁Circ us ▁alongside ▁fellow ▁Ed mont on ian ▁Ryan ▁Stock . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Jim ▁Rose ▁Circ us |
, ▁he ▁has ▁performed ▁as ▁far ▁away ▁from ▁his ▁hom et own ▁as ▁I cel and ▁and ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Com edy ▁career ▁N amed ▁Ed mont on ' s ▁fun ni est ▁working ▁comed ian , ▁Al a ed d ine ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁well - known ▁stand - up ▁comic . ▁Al a ed d ine ▁also ▁hosted ▁The ▁Com edy ▁Club house ▁on ▁C J SR - FM . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Matt ▁Al a ed d ine ▁Official ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : Cont ortion ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁stand - up ▁comed ians ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Real - life ▁super her oes ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Ph as iane ▁( ▁Ph as ian oi ; ▁ ▁Base an ; ▁ ▁Bas iani ), ▁is ▁a ▁historical ▁region ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁An at olia ▁region ▁of ▁Turkey , ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁given ▁to ▁region ▁that ▁Ar as ▁River ▁origin ates . ▁ ▁Origin ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁one ▁version , ▁the ▁name ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁ancient ▁Col ch ian ▁tribes ▁called ▁Ph as ians ▁( Ph az ians ), ▁mentioned ▁in ▁The ▁An ab asis ▁of ▁X en oph on ▁of ▁the ▁ancient ▁Greek ▁historian ▁X en of on ▁( 5 - 4 th ▁century ▁BC ). ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁this ▁tribe ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁survived ▁in ▁latter - day ▁regional ▁to pon y ms ▁– ▁Georg ian ▁Bas |
iani , ▁Greek ▁Ph as iane , ▁Armen ian ▁Base an , ▁and ▁Turkish ▁Pas in . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁and ▁ 7 th ▁centuries ▁BC ▁the ▁province ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁Ur art u . ▁After ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁kingdom ▁and ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁its ▁borders , ▁B ais ani ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁Kingdom ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁century ▁BC . ▁In ▁ 3 8 4 , ▁the ▁region ▁was ▁cont ested ▁by ▁Rome ▁and ▁S as an ian ▁Empire . ▁The ▁Pers ian ▁commander ▁Sen it am ▁K hus ro ▁defeated ▁the ▁By z ant ines ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁Ph as iane , ▁in ▁ 6 0 5 / 6 0 6 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁century , ▁the ▁province ▁was ▁conqu ered ▁by ▁an ▁Arab ▁Cal iph ate . ▁In ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁century ▁Base an ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁Bag rat id ▁Armen ia . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁century , ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁the ▁By z antine ▁Empire ▁and ▁expanding ▁early ▁Georg ian ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ao - K lar jet i ▁went ▁along ▁the ▁Ar as ▁river , ▁therefore ▁part ▁of ▁northern ▁Base an / Bas iani ▁became ▁a ▁domain ▁of ▁the ▁Georg ian ▁Bag rat ids . ▁In ▁ 1 0 0 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁David ▁K urop al ates , ▁Base an / Bas iani ▁were ▁inherited ▁by ▁By z antine ▁Emperor ▁Bas il ▁II |
, ▁who ▁an nex ed ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁lands ▁( T ay k / T ao , ▁Base an / Bas iani ), ▁captured ▁by ▁King ▁David ▁K urop al ates ▁to ▁By z ant ium ▁and ▁organized ▁them ▁into ▁the ▁theme ▁of ▁I ber ia ▁with ▁the ▁capital ▁at ▁Theod osi opol is , ▁forcing ▁the ▁success or ▁Georg ian ▁Bag rat id ▁rul er ▁Bag rat ▁III ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁new ▁re arr ang ement . ▁Bag rat ' s ▁son , ▁George ▁I , ▁however , ▁inherited ▁a ▁long - standing ▁claim ▁to ▁David ' s ▁success ion . ▁While ▁Bas il ▁II ▁was ▁pre occup ied ▁with ▁his ▁Bulgar ian ▁campaigns , ▁George ▁gained ▁momentum ▁to ▁inv ade ▁T ao ▁and ▁Bas iani ▁in ▁ 1 0 1 4 , ▁which ▁caused ▁un successful ▁By z antine - Ge org ian ▁wars . ▁In ▁ 1 0 4 8 ▁and ▁ 1 0 4 9 , ▁the ▁Sel j uk ▁Tur ks ▁under ▁I bra him ▁Y inal ▁made ▁their ▁first ▁in curs ion ▁into ▁the ▁By z antine ▁front ier ▁region ▁of ▁I ber ia ▁and ▁defeated ▁a ▁combined ▁By z antine - Ge org ian ▁army ▁of ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kap et rou ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 0 4 8 . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁eastern ▁By z antine ▁territor ies ▁were ▁conqu ered ▁by ▁the ▁Sel j uk ▁Tur ks ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 0 7 |
0 s ▁and ▁ 1 0 8 0 s , ▁but ▁were ▁then ▁ret aken ▁by ▁the ▁Georg ian ▁King ▁David ▁IV . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bas ian , ▁Georg ians ▁defeated ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Rum ▁S ultan ate . ▁The ▁province ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Georgia , ▁and ▁then ▁of ▁Pr incip ality ▁of ▁Sam ts k he ▁until ▁ 1 5 4 5 , ▁when ▁Bas iani ▁was ▁finally ▁conqu ered ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁san j ak ▁of ▁Er z ur um ▁Vil ay et . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁By z antine – Ge org ian ▁wars ▁ ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bas ian ▁ 1 2 0 3 ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁D . ▁Mus k he lish v ili , ▁Georg ian ▁Soviet ▁En cycl op edia , ▁T bil isi , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : W estern ▁Armen ia ▁Category : Form er ▁regions ▁of ▁Armen ia ▁Category : Form er ▁provin ces ▁of ▁Georgia ▁( country ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Kl uc ze wo - Hub y ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁O str or óg , ▁within ▁Sz am ot u ły ▁County , ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁west - cent ral ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁O str or óg |
, ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁Sz am ot u ły , ▁and ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Poz na ń . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 8 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Kl uc ze wo - Hub y <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁men ' s ▁cross ▁country ▁mountain ▁b iking ▁competition ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁in ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁July ▁at ▁the ▁Cath kin ▁Bra es ▁Mountain ▁B ike ▁Tra ils . ▁Mountain ▁b iking ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁program , ▁after ▁last ▁being ▁competed ▁back ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Schedule ▁ ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁British ▁Summer ▁Time ▁ ▁Result ▁Final ▁results : ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : C ycl ing ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : Mount ain ▁b iking ▁at ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁mountain ▁b iking <0x0A> </s> ▁Lub o š ▁Fi š er ▁( 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Czech ▁composer , ▁born ▁in ▁Pr ague . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁both ▁for ▁his ▁sound tr acks ▁and ▁chamber ▁music . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁he ▁studied ▁composition ▁at ▁the ▁Pr ague ▁Conserv atory ▁as ▁a ▁pup il ▁of ▁Em il ▁H l obil . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁he |
▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁AM U ▁in ▁Pr ague . ▁His ▁first ▁publicly ▁performed ▁compos itions ▁were ▁Four ▁P ie ces ▁for ▁Vi olin ▁and ▁P iano ▁( 1 9 5 4 ). ▁ ▁Se lected ▁compos itions ▁Orchestra ▁ ▁Pat ná ct ▁list ů ▁pod le ▁D ür er ov y ▁Ap ok aly psy ▁( F if teen ▁Print s ▁after ▁D ür er ' s ▁Ap ocal yp se ) ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ ▁Double ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁L ament ▁for ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Report ▁for ▁wind ▁ensemble ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Lab yr inth ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁Ser en á dy ▁pro ▁Sal z burg ▁( Ser en ades ▁for ▁Sal z burg ) ▁for ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Mer idi án ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Con cert ante ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁da ▁camera ▁for ▁piano ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( two ▁versions , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁with ▁full ▁or chestra , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁with ▁wind ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁piano ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Rom ance ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁two ▁pian os ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 8 3 |
) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁per ▁Leon ardo ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁ ▁Past or ale ▁per ▁Gi useppe ▁T art ini ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁ ▁Chamber ▁ ▁Dialog ue ▁for ▁trump et ▁and ▁organ ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Imp rom pt u ▁for ▁clar inet ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁P iano ▁T rio ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Rom ance ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Ru ce ▁( H ands ), ▁Son ata ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁cell o ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁solo ▁viol a ▁and ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁two ▁cell os ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁" In ▁Mem or iam ▁T ere zin " ▁for ▁viol in ▁solo ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁String ▁Qu art et ▁( 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁cell o ▁solo ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁Test is ▁for ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Vari ace ▁na ▁ne zn ám é ▁té ma ▁( Vari ations ▁on ▁an ▁Un known ▁Theme ), ▁for ▁string ▁quart et |
▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁P iano ▁ ▁S ny ▁a ▁val č í ky ▁( D ream s ▁and ▁Walt zes ) ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 1 ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 3 ▁( 1 9 6 0 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 4 ▁( 1 9 6 2 – 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 5 ▁( 1 9 7 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 6 ▁" Fr as " ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 7 ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 8 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Organ ▁ ▁Rel ié f ▁( The ▁Rel ief ) ▁for ▁organ ▁solo ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Ch oral ▁ ▁Requ iem ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ ▁V á no ční ▁kol edy ▁( Christ mas ▁Carol s ) ▁for ▁solo ists , ▁mixed ▁cho ir , ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁V ocal ▁ ▁I stan u , ▁Mel od r ama ▁for ▁rec iter , ▁alto ▁fl ute , ▁and ▁four ▁per cussion ists ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Z ap omen ut é ▁p í sn ě ▁( F org ot ten ▁Songs ) ▁on ▁Text s ▁of ▁Gy psy ▁Po etry ▁for ▁me z zo - s op r ano , ▁alto |
▁fl ute , ▁viol a , ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁Com et ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ ▁Val erie ▁and ▁Her ▁Week ▁of ▁W onders ▁( Find ers ▁Keep ers ▁Records ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁M org iana ▁( Find ers ▁Keep ers ▁Records ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Czech ▁Music ▁page ▁on ▁Fi š er ' s ▁works ▁The ▁Ap oc aly ptic ▁V isions ▁of ▁Lub o š ▁Fi š er ▁ ▁Category : C zech ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : C zech ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : C zech ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : M ale ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Pr ague ▁Category : Pr ague ▁Conserv atory ▁al umn i ▁Category : Intern ational ▁R ost rum ▁of ▁Com pos ers ▁prize - w inners ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁male ▁musicians <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Soci ological ▁Quarter ly ▁( TS Q ) ▁is ▁a ▁quarter ly ▁peer - review ed ▁academic ▁journal ▁published ▁by ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Francis ▁for ▁the ▁Mid west ▁Soci ological ▁Society . ▁It ▁covers ▁all ▁areas ▁of ▁soci ology ▁and ▁pub l ishes ▁both ▁quant itative ▁and ▁qual itative ▁research . ▁The ▁current ▁ed itors - in - ch ief ▁are |
▁Michael ▁G . ▁L acy ▁and ▁N . ▁Pr ab ha ▁Un n ith an ▁( Color ado ▁State ▁University ) ▁and ▁the ▁journal ▁manager ▁is ▁Chris ▁Mol oney ▁( Color ado ▁State ▁University ). ▁ ▁The ▁Quarter ly ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁as ▁The ▁Mid west ▁Soci ologist , ▁making ▁T S Q ▁among ▁the ▁oldest ▁broad ▁interest ▁soci ological ▁jour nals ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁▁ ▁Pre vious ▁ed itors ▁of ▁T S Q ▁were : ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁title ▁changed ▁to ▁The ▁Soci ological ▁Quarter ly , ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁ed itors ▁having ▁ ▁served ▁since ▁then : ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Journal ▁C itation ▁Re ports , ▁the ▁journal ▁has ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ 5 - year ▁impact ▁factor ▁of ▁ 1 . 8 5 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : English - language ▁jour nals ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Category : Qu arter ly ▁jour nals ▁Category : S oci ology ▁jour nals ▁Category : R out ledge ▁academic ▁jour nals <0x0A> </s> ▁Tom ▁H uff ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Tom ▁E . ▁H uff ▁( 1 9 3 8 – 1 9 9 0 ), ▁American ▁author ▁ ▁Tom ▁H uff ▁( polit ician ) ▁( 1 9 3 3 – 2 0 1 3 ), ▁American ▁business man ▁and ▁politician <0x0A> </s> ▁D Q ▁Her cul is ▁( |
or ▁Nova ▁Her cul is ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁slow , ▁bright ▁nov a ▁occurring ▁in ▁Her cules ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁The ▁nov a ▁was ▁discovered ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁by ▁J . ▁P . ▁M . ▁P rent ice ▁from ▁St ow market , ▁S uff olk . ▁It ▁reached ▁peak ▁bright ness ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁with ▁an ▁apparent ▁magnitude ▁of ▁ 1 . 5 . ▁The ▁nov a ▁remained ▁visible ▁to ▁the ▁naked ▁eye ▁for ▁several ▁months . ▁ ▁D Q ▁Her cul is ▁is ▁the ▁prototype ▁for ▁a ▁category ▁of ▁cat ac ly sm ic ▁variable ▁stars ▁called ▁intermediate ▁pol ars . ▁The ▁system ▁shows ▁orb ital ▁period ▁variation , ▁possibly ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁third ▁body . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁The ▁nov a ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bright est ▁objects ▁observ able ▁in ▁the ▁night ▁sky . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁scientific ▁articles , ▁and ▁received ▁significant ▁coverage ▁in ▁popular ▁news ▁publications . ▁Brad ▁Ric ca , ▁an ▁English ▁professor ▁at ▁Case ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁University , ▁has ▁suggested ▁that ▁Nova ▁Her cul is ▁may ▁have ▁influenced ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁origin ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁comic ▁book ▁super hero ▁Super man . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁http :// www . d av idd ar ling . info / ency cl op edia / N / N ova _ Her cul |
is _ 1 9 3 4 . html ▁ ▁Category : N ov ae ▁Category : N ova ▁rem n ants ▁Category : Her cules ▁( const ell ation ) ▁Category : Inter mediate ▁pol ars ▁Category : H yp ot het ical ▁planet ary ▁systems ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁in ▁science ▁Her cul is , ▁D Q ▁Category : M - type ▁main - sequence ▁stars ▁ 1 9 3 4 1 2 1 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁K rat z ▁is ▁a ▁surn ame . ▁ ▁People ▁surn amed ▁K rat z ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Clay ton ▁K rat z ▁( 1 8 9 6 – 1 9 2 0 ), ▁American ▁M enn on ite ▁relief ▁worker ▁ ▁Erik ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 0 ), ▁American ▁professional ▁baseball ▁catch er ▁ ▁Ken ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 0 - 6 1 ), ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁former ▁district ▁attorney ▁of ▁Cal um et ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ; ▁law ▁license ▁was ▁suspended ▁for ▁four ▁months ▁after ▁se xt ing ▁scandal ▁ ▁Kevin ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 7 ), ▁German ▁football er ▁ ▁Mar lene ▁K rat z , ▁fict ional ▁character ▁from ▁the ▁Australian ▁soap ▁opera ▁Ne igh b ours ▁ ▁May me ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 8 ), ▁American ▁artist ▁ ▁Rein hard ▁Greg or ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 7 ), ▁German ▁historian ▁and ▁the olog |
ian ▁ ▁Sam ▁K rat z , ▁fict ional ▁character ▁from ▁the ▁Australian ▁soap ▁opera ▁Ne igh b ours ▁ ▁Category : S urn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 1 st ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 7 3 6 – 1 8 0 5 ), ▁Irish ▁judge ▁and ▁politician ▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 3 rd ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 7 9 0 – 1 8 7 0 ), ▁Irish ▁noble man ▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 5 th ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 8 5 9 – 1 8 8 5 ), ▁Ang lo - Ir ish ▁peer ▁and ▁army ▁officer <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Tip pec ano e ▁Battle field ▁Park ▁preserv es ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Tip pec ano e ▁fought ▁on ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 1 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁was ▁de ed ed ▁to ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Indiana ▁by ▁John ▁Ti pton , ▁a ▁veteran ▁of ▁the ▁fight , ▁on ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 3 6 , ▁the ▁twenty - fif th ▁anniversary ▁of ▁the ▁battle . ▁The ▁site ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁major ▁political ▁r all ies ▁during ▁its ▁earlier ▁years , ▁those ▁most ▁significant ▁being ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁William ▁Henry ▁Harrison ' s |
▁bid ▁for ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁attended ▁by ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁The ▁location ▁was ▁attract ing ▁visitors ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 s , ▁and ▁the ▁battle field ▁was ▁b ordered ▁by ▁the ▁Louis ville , ▁New ▁Alb any , ▁& ▁Sal em ▁Rail road ▁during ▁that ▁decade . ▁A ▁refresh ment ▁stand ▁was ▁built ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁site ▁to ▁accommodate ▁visitors , ▁and ▁this ▁land ▁was ▁later ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁North west ▁Indiana ▁Conference ▁of ▁the ▁Method ist ▁Church ▁and ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁Battle ▁Ground ▁Col leg iate ▁Institute ▁and ▁later ▁for ▁a ▁Method ist ▁youth ▁camp . ▁Despite ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁location ▁for ▁the ▁ses qu ic ent ennial ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁the ▁camp ▁was ▁abandoned ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁the ▁location ▁was ▁neg lected . ▁It ▁was ▁designated ▁a ▁National ▁Historical ▁Land mark ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁Ground ▁Historic ▁District . ▁ ▁Local ▁residents ▁acquired ▁the ▁Method ist ▁property ▁upon ▁its ▁closure , ▁and ▁created ▁a ▁museum ▁in ▁the ▁camp ' s ▁l odge . ▁The ▁citizen ' s ▁group ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County ▁Historical ▁Association ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁which ▁took ▁over ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁museum . ▁The ▁museum ▁was ▁extens ively ▁renov ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁Battle field ▁Mon ument ▁was ▁c ed ed ▁to ▁the ▁Tip pec |
ano e ▁County ▁Park ▁Board ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Rec re ational ▁opportunities ▁ ▁H iking ▁( including ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁W ab ash ▁Heritage ▁Trail ). ▁Nature ▁Center ▁Battle field ▁Mon ument ▁Museum ▁ ▁Tip pec ano e ▁Battle field ▁Park ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County ▁Park ▁Board ▁and ▁the ▁Battle field ▁Museum ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County ▁Historical ▁Society . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Battle ▁Ground , ▁Indiana ▁John ▁P urd ue ▁Battle ▁of ▁Tip pec ano e ▁Out door ▁Dr ama ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Tip pec ano e ▁Historical ▁Society ▁website ▁on ▁the ▁park ▁" Life ▁Port rait ▁of ▁William ▁Henry ▁Harrison ", ▁from ▁C - SP AN ' s ▁American ▁Pres idents : ▁Life ▁Port ra its , ▁broadcast ▁from ▁Tip pec ano e ▁Battle field , ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Category : Prote cted ▁areas ▁of ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Tip pec ano e , ▁battle ▁of ▁Category : National ▁Historic ▁Land marks ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Conf lict ▁sites ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : Mon uments ▁and ▁memorial s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Mil itary ▁and ▁war ▁museum s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : History ▁museum s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces |
▁in ▁Tip pec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁En te ▁Um man te ▁Peru ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Indian ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁family ▁road ▁movie ▁directed ▁by ▁Jose ▁Sebastian ▁and ▁co - written ▁by ▁Sebastian ▁and ▁Sar ath ▁R . ▁N ath . ▁The ▁film ▁stars ▁T ov ino ▁Thomas ▁and ▁U rv ashi . ▁The ▁story ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁northern ▁Ker ala ▁( Mal ab ar ▁region ) ▁and ▁moves ▁to ▁Luck now ▁in ▁the ▁later ▁part . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Ham id ' s ▁( T ov ino ▁Thomas ) ▁father ▁Ha ider ▁is ▁his ▁only ▁relative ▁as ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁know ▁anything ▁about ▁his ▁mother . ▁His ▁father ▁never ▁respon ds ▁to ▁questions ▁about ▁his ▁mother . ▁Other ▁important ▁people ▁in ▁his ▁life ▁are ▁his ▁father ' s ▁friend ▁Ham z ak oya ▁( M am uk k oya ) ▁and ▁his ▁friend ▁Be er an ▁( H are esh ▁Per um anna ). ▁ ▁One ▁day , ▁Ham id ▁is ▁at ▁a ▁marriage ▁party ▁with ▁Be er an ▁and ▁Be er an ▁is ▁suddenly ▁called ▁by ▁Ham z ak oya . ▁He ▁inform s ▁Be er an ▁that ▁Ham id ' s ▁father ▁just ▁died . ▁The ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father ▁makes ▁Ham id ▁sad ▁since ▁he ▁believes ▁that ▁he ▁now ▁has ▁no ▁family , ▁even ▁though ▁Be er an ▁and ▁Ham z ak k oya ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁with ▁him . ▁To ▁pull ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁l |
onel iness , ▁Ham z ak k oya ▁and ▁Be er an ▁advise ▁him ▁to ▁get ▁married . ▁ ▁He ▁meets ▁S ain aba . ▁Even ▁though ▁Ham id ▁and ▁S ain aba ▁likes ▁each ▁other , ▁S ain aba ' s ▁father ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁them ▁to ▁marry , ▁stating ▁that ▁Ham id ▁is ▁an ▁or phan . ▁This ▁makes ▁Ham id ▁even ▁sad der . ▁He ▁continues ▁his ▁life ▁looking ▁after ▁his ▁ant iques ▁shop ▁with ▁Be er an . ▁ ▁One ▁day ▁while ▁clearing ▁junk ▁from ▁his ▁house ▁he ▁finds ▁his ▁father ' s ▁will , ▁which ▁states ▁that ▁Ham id ' s ▁father ▁had ▁ 2 ▁wives , ▁one ▁in ▁K oz h ik ode ▁and ▁another ▁in ▁P on n ani . ▁It ▁said ▁that ▁Ha ider ' s ▁land ▁must ▁be ▁split ▁into ▁three ▁and ▁two ▁parts ▁must ▁be ▁given ▁to ▁his ▁two ▁wives ▁and ▁one ▁to ▁charity . ▁Ham id ▁sell s ▁the ▁land ▁and ▁decides ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁two ▁wid ows ▁to ▁give ▁them ▁their ▁inherit ance , ▁hoping ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁would ▁turn ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁his ▁mother . ▁ ▁He ▁travels ▁to ▁K oz h ik ode ▁to ▁meet ▁Ram l ath ▁( Sh anth i ▁Kr ish na ) ▁with ▁Be er an . ▁On ▁reaching ▁K oz h ik ode ▁he ▁meets ▁Sh ivan ▁( D ile esh ▁P oth an ) ▁a ▁former ▁employee ▁of ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁asks ▁him ▁about ▁his ▁mother , ▁but ▁does ▁not ▁get |
▁promising ▁answers . ▁On ▁reaching ▁Ram l ath ' s ▁house ▁they ▁are ▁sh oo ed ▁away ▁by ▁her ▁arrog ant ▁brother ▁( S idd h ique ) ▁after ▁Ham id ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁H aid ar ' s ▁son . ▁The ▁next ▁day ▁they ▁catch ▁the ▁husband ▁with ▁another ▁woman . ▁They ▁press ur ize ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁agrees ▁to ▁let ▁them ▁meet ▁Ram l ath um ma . ▁Ham id ▁hands ▁over ▁her ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁but ▁conf ir ms ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁his ▁mother ▁and ▁thus ▁he ▁conf ir ms ▁that ▁A ish um ma ▁( U r vas i ) ▁in ▁P on n ani ▁should ▁be ▁his ▁mother . ▁He ▁set ▁off ▁to ▁P on n ani ▁to ▁meet ▁her . ▁He ▁meets ▁A ish um ma ▁and ▁takes ▁her ▁home . ▁ ▁Though ▁she ▁is ▁very ▁kind ▁and ▁caring ▁with ▁Ham id , ▁she ▁was ▁not ▁so ▁with ▁Ham z ak oya ▁and ▁Be er an . ▁They ▁are ▁unhappy ▁about ▁A ish um ma ' s ▁arrog ant ▁nature ▁and ▁Ham z ak oya ▁visits ▁P on n ani ▁to ▁gather ▁information ▁about ▁her . ▁He ▁comes ▁to ▁know ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁Ham id ' s ▁mother . ▁He ▁then ▁while ▁sitting ▁inside ▁his ▁ant ique ▁shop , ▁a ▁customer ▁comes ▁to ▁buy ▁records ▁for ▁gram oph one . ▁He ▁accidentally ▁disco vers ▁a ▁post card ▁inside ▁a ▁record ▁cover . ▁ ▁While ▁trying ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁price , ▁Ham id |
▁gives ▁him ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁free . ▁Since ▁the ▁letter ▁was ▁written ▁in ▁Ur du , ▁he ▁gets ▁it ▁read ▁and ▁explained ▁to ▁him ▁that ▁the ▁letter ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁L ail a ▁Beg um , ▁from ▁F ird ous ▁Qu ila , ▁Luck now . ▁He ▁then ▁plans ▁to ▁visit ▁Luck now ▁to ▁find ▁out . ▁A ish um ma ▁bl uffs ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁to ▁Luck now ▁ 2 – 3 ▁times ▁with ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁disco vers ▁while ▁reaching ▁Luck now ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁taken ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁ride ▁about ▁her ▁knowing ▁of ▁the ▁place ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁her ▁first ▁visit . ▁They ▁then ▁reach ▁a ▁l odge ▁and ▁sett les ▁down . ▁While ▁asleep , ▁A ish um ma ▁ste als ▁and ▁h ides ▁that ▁post ▁card . ▁She ▁then ▁tries ▁to ▁force ▁Ham id ▁to ▁show ▁her ▁around ▁the ▁city . ▁Ham id ▁tries ▁to ▁reach ▁out ▁to ▁S iv ank ut ty , ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁lead . ▁Ham id ▁gets ▁an ▁address ▁from ▁him ▁about ▁an ▁ant ique ▁shop . ▁He ▁writes ▁it ▁down ▁in ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁paper ▁and ▁starts ▁to ▁search ▁the ▁shop , ▁since ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁know ▁to ▁read ▁Ur du ▁and ▁Hind i . ▁The ▁story ▁then ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁conclusion ▁that ▁Beg um ▁L ail a ▁was ▁his ▁mother ▁and ▁to ▁confirm ▁he ▁finds ▁that ▁his ▁look - al ike ▁son ▁comes ▁riding ▁a ▁motor cycle . ▁But ▁she ▁is ▁now ▁married ▁and ▁has ▁her ▁son ▁getting |
▁married ▁next ▁day . ▁He ▁leaves ▁the ▁place ▁t earing ▁off ▁the ▁post ▁card ▁for ▁good ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁his ▁home ▁with ▁accepting ▁A ish um ma ▁as ▁his ▁own ▁mother . ▁His ▁friend ▁Be er an ▁calls ▁up ▁and ▁inform s ▁that ▁S ain ab as ▁father ▁has ▁died ▁and ▁now ▁he ▁can ▁marry ▁her ▁and ▁the ▁film ▁ends . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁T ov ino ▁Thomas ▁as ▁ Ḥ am ī d ▁Hy der ali ▁/ ▁ Ḥ am ī d ' s ▁twin ▁ ▁U rv ashi ▁as ▁ Ā ’ ish ah ▁ ▁H are esh ▁Per um anna ▁as ▁B ī ran ▁ ▁Mam mu k oya ▁as ▁ Ḥ am z ah ▁K ō ya ▁ ▁S ai ▁Pri ya ▁Dev a ▁as ▁S ain aba ▁ ▁S idd ique ▁as ▁Z ak ker ▁ ▁Sh anth i ▁Kr ish na ▁as ▁Ram l ath ▁▁ ▁D ile esh ▁P oth an ▁as ▁Sh iv ank ut ty ▁ ▁Ram u ▁as ▁Mo ide en ▁ ▁V ij ay an ▁Kar anth oor ▁as ▁Hass an ▁ik ka ▁ ▁R ag hav an ▁as ▁R ag hav an ▁ ▁Sh il pa ▁T ul ask ar ▁as ▁Beg um ▁Lay l ah ▁ ▁Ren ji ▁Pan icker ▁as ▁Moh ammed ▁Hy der ali ▁Me h fil ▁▁ ▁Un n ir aj ▁Cher uv ath uras ▁Dance ▁master ▁ ▁Music ▁ ▁Production ▁Pr incipal ▁photography ▁comm enced ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁schedule |
▁was ▁wrapped ▁by ▁end ▁of ▁April . ▁The ▁second ▁schedule ▁comm enced ▁in ▁September ▁and ▁the ▁film ing ▁was ▁complete ▁by ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁G op i ▁S under ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁and ▁background ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁U rv ashi ▁- ▁Van ith a ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Special ▁Performance ▁( F em ale ) ▁ ▁U rv ashi - ▁Asian et ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Special ▁J ury ▁Award ▁( F em ale ) ▁ ▁U rv ashi - ▁Creative ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Best ▁Support ing ▁Act ress ▁Award ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁road ▁movies ▁Category : Ind ian ▁road ▁movies ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Gu j ur ly ▁N es il ▁education ▁center ▁- ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁institution ▁providing ▁short ▁courses ▁on ▁languages , ▁mathemat ics ▁and ▁computer ▁skills . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ash g ab at , ▁Turk men istan . ▁ ▁Gu j ur ly ▁N es il ▁Education ▁Center ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁by ▁local ▁entrepre neurs ▁inspired ▁from ▁the ▁teach ings ▁of ▁Este emed ▁President ▁of ▁Turk men istan ▁G UR B ANG UL Y ▁B ER DI M U H AME DO W . ▁Ark ad ag ▁President ' s ▁schol arly ▁wisdom ▁of ▁educational ▁philosophy ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁founding ▁pill ar ▁of ▁our ▁education |
▁center . ▁ ▁G NE C ▁is ▁a ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁institution ▁which ▁provides ▁short ▁term ▁season al ▁courses ▁throughout ▁the ▁year . ▁G NE C ' s ▁academic ▁year ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁educational ▁seasons ; ▁winter , ▁spring , ▁summer , ▁and ▁fall ▁academic ▁sessions . ▁Currently ▁G NE C ▁provides ▁multiple ▁level ▁English , ▁Russian , ▁German , ▁Computer ▁Technology , ▁and ▁Mathemat ics ▁courses . ▁All ▁courses ▁are ▁taught ▁in ▁three ▁shifts ; ▁morning , ▁afternoon , ▁and ▁evening . ▁ ▁G NE C ' s ▁entity ▁serves ▁wide ▁and ▁diverse ▁range ▁of ▁learn ers , ▁ranging ▁from ▁ 7 - year - old ▁school ▁kids ▁to ▁working ▁adults . ▁C ourses ▁are ▁delivered ▁by ▁highly ▁qualified ▁instruct ors ▁in ▁an ▁interactive ▁student ▁centered ▁teaching ▁fashion ▁using ▁cutting ▁edge ▁educational ▁technology ▁tools . ▁G NE C ' s ▁teacher - student ▁ratio ▁is ▁kept ▁at ▁a ▁minimum ▁level ▁to ▁enhance ▁student - te acher ▁interaction . ▁ ▁C ourses ▁given ▁at ▁G NE C : ▁▁ 1 . ▁English : ▁Begin ner , ▁Element ary , ▁Pre - Inter mediate , ▁Inter mediate , ▁Upper - Inter mediate , ▁Advanced , ▁Practice ▁Course , ▁English ▁for ▁Kids ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; ▁▁ 2 . ▁Mathemat ics : ▁Mathemat ics ▁I ▁( Bas ics ▁of ▁Al gebra ), ▁Mathemat ics ▁II ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁Element ary ▁Fun ctions ), ▁Mathemat ics ▁III ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁Tr ig ono imet ric ▁functions ), ▁Mathemat ics |
▁IV ▁ ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁analysis ); ▁▁ 3 . ▁Computer ▁Techn ologies : ▁Basic ▁Office ▁Tools , ▁Graph ical ▁Ap plications , ▁Architect ural ▁Draw ing , ▁ 3 D ▁Mod elling , ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Program ming , ▁Computer ▁Technical ▁Support , ▁Computer ▁Network ▁Administration , ▁Computer ▁Network ▁In frastructure , ▁Web ▁Design , ▁Web ▁Program ming , ▁Database ▁Management ▁( using ▁MS ▁Access ), ▁ ▁; ▁▁ 4 . ▁Russian : ▁Russian ▁for ▁Kids ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; ▁Russian ▁for ▁Adult s ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; ▁▁ 5 . ▁German : ▁A 1 , ▁A 2 , ▁B 1 , ▁B 2 , ▁C 1 , ▁C 2 ; ▁▁ 6 . ▁Pre par ational ▁C ourses : ▁TO E FL ▁Pre p ▁Course ; ▁I EL TS ▁Pre p ▁Course ; ▁S AT ▁Pre p ▁Course ; ▁ ▁S essions : ▁ ▁G NE C ▁has ▁ 3 ▁sessions ▁for ▁convenience ▁of ▁the ▁audience . ▁▁ 1 ) ▁Morning ▁session . ▁ 0 9 : 0 0 ▁- ▁ 1 2 : 0 0 ▁ 2 ) ▁After noon ▁session . ▁ 1 5 : 0 0 ▁- ▁ 1 7 : 5 0 ▁ 3 ) ▁Even ing ▁session . ▁ 1 8 : 3 0 ▁- ▁ 2 1 : 2 0 ▁ ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Turk men istan <0x0A> </s> ▁P ine ▁Hill ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁Sch oh ar |
ie ▁County , ▁New ▁York . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁nort heast ▁of ▁S eward . ▁Barr ack ▁Z ou rie ▁is ▁located ▁east - s out heast ▁of ▁P ine ▁Hill . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Sch oh ar ie ▁County , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁representation ▁theory ▁of ▁mathemat ics , ▁the ▁Wald sp ur ger ▁formula ▁rel ates ▁the ▁special ▁values ▁of ▁two ▁L - functions ▁of ▁two ▁related ▁adm iss ible ▁irre duc ible ▁representations . ▁▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁base ▁field , ▁ ▁be ▁an ▁autom orph ic ▁form ▁over ▁, ▁ π ▁be ▁the ▁representation ▁associated ▁via ▁the ▁Jac quet – Lang lands ▁correspondence ▁with ▁. ▁G oro ▁Sh im ura ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁proved ▁this ▁formula , ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁c us p ▁form ; ▁G ün ter ▁Hard er ▁made ▁the ▁same ▁discovery ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁in ▁an ▁un published ▁paper . ▁Marie - Fr ance ▁V ign ér as ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁proved ▁this ▁formula , ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁new form . ▁ ▁Jean - L oup ▁Wald sp ur ger , ▁for ▁whom ▁the ▁formula ▁is ▁named , ▁re pro ved ▁and ▁general ized ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁V ign ér as ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁via ▁a ▁totally ▁different ▁method ▁which ▁was ▁widely ▁used ▁there after ▁by ▁mat hem atic ians ▁to |
▁prove ▁similar ▁form ulas . ▁ ▁Statement ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁number ▁field , ▁ ▁be ▁its ▁ade le ▁ring , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁sub group ▁of ▁in vert ible ▁elements ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁sub group ▁of ▁the ▁in vert ible ▁elements ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁three ▁quadr atic ▁characters ▁over ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁space ▁of ▁all ▁c us p ▁forms ▁over ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁He cke ▁algebra ▁of ▁. ▁Assume ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁adm iss ible ▁irre duc ible ▁representation ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁, ▁the ▁central ▁character ▁of ▁ π ▁is ▁trivial , ▁ ▁when ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁arch im ede an ▁place , ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁sub space ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁We ▁suppose ▁further ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁Lang lands ▁- constant ▁[ ▁; ▁ ▁] ▁associated ▁to ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁at ▁. ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 1 . ▁The ▁Legend re ▁symbol ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁Because ▁all ▁the ▁terms ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁either ▁have ▁value ▁+ 1 , ▁or ▁have ▁value ▁− 1 , ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁can ▁only ▁take ▁value ▁in ▁the ▁set ▁{ + 1 , ▁− 1 }. ▁Definition ▁ 2 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁discrim in ant ▁of ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 3 . ▁Let ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 4 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁maximal ▁tor us ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁, ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁It ' s |
▁not ▁obvious ▁though , ▁in ▁fact , ▁the ▁function ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁general ization ▁of ▁the ▁Ga uss ▁sum . ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁field ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁One ▁can ▁choose ▁a ▁K - sub space ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁( i ) ▁; ▁( ii ) ▁. ▁De ▁fact o , ▁there ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁such ▁ ▁mod ulo ▁hom othe ty . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁two ▁maximal ▁tor i ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁We ▁can ▁choose ▁two ▁elements ▁ ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 5 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁discrim in ants ▁of ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁When ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁coinc ide ▁with ▁each ▁other , ▁the ▁right ▁hand ▁side ▁of ▁Definition ▁ 5 ▁becomes ▁trivial . ▁ ▁We ▁take ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁{ all ▁the ▁finite ▁- pl aces ▁ ▁doesn ' t ▁map ▁non - zero ▁vectors ▁invariant ▁under ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁ ▁to ▁zero }, ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁{ ▁all ▁- pl aces ▁ ▁is ▁real , ▁or ▁finite ▁and ▁special ▁} . ▁Theorem ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 4 , ▁p . 2 3 5 ▁ ]. ▁Let ▁. ▁We ▁assume ▁that , ▁( i ) ▁; ▁( ii ) ▁for ▁, ▁ ▁. ▁Then , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁constant ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁Comments : ▁ ▁( i ) ▁The ▁formula ▁in ▁the ▁theorem ▁is ▁the ▁well - known ▁Wald sp ur ger ▁formula . ▁It ▁is ▁ |
▁of ▁global - local ▁nature , ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁with ▁a ▁global ▁part , ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁with ▁a ▁local ▁part . ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁mat hem atic ians ▁often ▁call ▁it ▁the ▁classic ▁Wald sp ur ger ' s ▁formula . ▁ ▁( ii ) ▁It ▁is ▁worth while ▁to ▁notice ▁that , ▁when ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁are ▁equal , ▁the ▁formula ▁can ▁be ▁greatly ▁simpl ified . ▁ ▁( iii ) ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 6 , ▁p . 2 4 1 ▁] ▁When ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁is ▁, ▁Wald sp ur ger ' s ▁formula ▁becomes ▁much ▁more ▁simple . ▁Without ▁loss ▁of ▁gener ality , ▁we ▁can ▁assume ▁that , ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁Then , ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁element ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁case ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁met ap lect ic ▁c us p ▁form ▁ ▁Let ▁p ▁be ▁prime ▁number , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁field ▁with ▁p ▁elements , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁integer ▁ring ▁of ▁. ▁Assume ▁that , ▁, ▁D ▁is ▁square free ▁of ▁even ▁degree ▁and ▁cop r ime ▁to ▁N , ▁the ▁prime ▁factor ization ▁of ▁ ▁is ▁. ▁We ▁take ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁set ▁{ ▁ ▁}, ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁all ▁c us p ▁forms ▁of ▁level ▁N ▁and ▁depth ▁ 0 . ▁Suppose ▁that , ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 1 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁Legend re ▁symbol ▁of ▁c ▁mod ulo ▁d , ▁. ▁Met ap |
lect ic ▁morph ism ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 2 . ▁Let ▁. ▁Peters son ▁inner ▁product ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 3 . ▁Let ▁. ▁Ga uss ▁sum ▁. ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁Lap lace ▁eigen value ▁of ▁. ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁constant ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 4 . ▁Assume ▁that , ▁. ▁Wh itt aker ▁function ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 5 . ▁Fou rier - Wh itt aker ▁expansion ▁. ▁One ▁calls ▁ ▁the ▁Fou rier - Wh itt aker ▁coefficients ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 6 . ▁At kin - Le h ner ▁operator ▁ ▁with ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 7 . ▁Assume ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁He cke ▁eigen form . ▁At kin - Le h ner ▁eigen value ▁ ▁with ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 8 . ▁. ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁met ap lect ic ▁version ▁of ▁, ▁{ ▁ ▁} ▁be ▁a ▁nice ▁He cke ▁eigen bas is ▁for ▁ ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁Peters son ▁inner ▁product . ▁We ▁note ▁the ▁Sh im ura ▁correspondence ▁by ▁. ▁ ▁Theorem ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 5 . 1 , ▁p . 6 0 ▁ ]. ▁Suppose ▁that , ▁, ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁quadr atic ▁character ▁with ▁. ▁Then , ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Rep resentation ▁theory ▁Category : Al gebra ic ▁number ▁theory ▁Category : H arm onic ▁analysis ▁Category : Lang lands ▁program <0x0A> </s> ▁T ade usz ▁My tn ik ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁August |
▁ 1 9 4 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Polish ▁cycl ist . ▁He ▁had ▁his ▁best ▁achievements ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 km ▁ ▁team ▁time ▁trial . ▁In ▁this ▁event ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁two ▁gold ▁and ▁one ▁bronze ▁med als ▁at ▁the ▁world ▁championship s ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Individ ually , ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁P olog ne ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁Tour ▁of ▁M ał opol ska ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Fl è che ▁d ' Or ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁and ▁Sz l ak iem ▁Gro d ów ▁Pi ast ow skich ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Pol onia ▁Rest itut a . ▁ ▁After ▁ret iring ▁from ▁compet itions ▁he ▁ran ▁a ▁bicy cle ▁shop ▁in ▁G dyn ia ▁and ▁organized ▁cycl ing ▁races . ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁W ies ł awa ▁My tn ik ; ▁they ▁have ▁two ▁daughters , ▁Marc ina ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁and ▁ ▁Ag n ies zk ę ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from |
▁J aw or z yna ▁Ś l ą ska ▁Category : C ycl ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁cycl ists ▁of ▁Poland ▁Category : Pol ish ▁male ▁cycl ists ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Poland ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁cycl ing ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Lower ▁S iles ian ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁Category : U CI ▁Road ▁World ▁Champions ▁( el ite ▁men ) ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Ernest ▁J ans an ▁( 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁cr ick eter . ▁He ▁played ▁three ▁first - class ▁matches ▁for ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 9 / 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 3 / 0 4 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁representative ▁cr ick eters ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : Austral ian ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : New ▁South ▁Wales ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁Sel ma ▁Mut al ▁( born ▁in ▁L ima , ▁Peru ) ▁is ▁a ▁Franco ▁- ▁Dutch ▁film ▁score ▁composer . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁El ▁D ia ▁de ▁mi ▁Su er te ▁Mini ▁Series ( 2 0 |
1 9 ) ▁▁ ▁Los ▁Europe os ( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Gym n ast ▁and ▁The ▁D ict ator ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁E der ly ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁All ▁the ▁D ifference ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁▁ ▁Making - of ▁Behind ▁the ▁Sc enes ▁Karl ▁L ager feld ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Van ished ▁Ele phant ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Ve zo ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁ ▁Und ert ow ▁/ ▁Con tr ac or ri ente ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Mil k ▁of ▁S orrow ▁/ ▁La ▁T eta ▁As ust ada ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) Seg nal azioni ▁cin emat ograf iche ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁secondo ▁sem est re ▁- ▁Volume ▁ 1 4 7 ▁- ▁Page ▁ 3 7 ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁" La ▁T eta ▁As ust ada ... ▁Sel ma ▁Mut al " ▁▁ ▁Made in usa ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Em ue ▁& ▁Fur ios a '' ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : D utch ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁R ex ▁Gr ign on ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 |
2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian - American ▁animation ▁director ▁and ▁entrepreneur . ▁Gr ign on ▁received ▁his ▁animation ▁training ▁at ▁Sher idan ▁College ▁where ▁he ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁He ▁then ▁earned ▁his ▁Bachelor ' s ▁Deg ree ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology . ▁He ▁worked ▁in ▁Europe ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁staff ▁anim ator ▁and ▁Art ▁Director ▁in ▁Frankfurt ▁and ▁Paris , ▁mostly ▁working ▁on ▁early ▁ 3 D ▁commercial s ▁and ▁broadcast ▁graphics . ▁Gr ign on ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁Pacific ▁Data ▁Images ▁as ▁a ▁Senior ▁Anim ator ▁and ▁co - found ed ▁P DI ' s ▁Character ▁An imation ▁Group ▁with ▁Tim ▁Johnson . ▁ ▁After ▁founding ▁the ▁Character ▁An imation ▁Group , ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁with ▁Jim ▁H enson ▁and ▁Frank ▁Oz ▁at ▁the ▁Jim ▁H enson ▁Company ▁as ▁lead ▁anim ator . ▁Gr ign on ▁briefly ▁left ▁P DI ▁to ▁work ▁at ▁P ix ar ▁as ▁an ▁anim ator ▁on ▁Toy ▁Story . ▁After ▁P DI ▁was ▁bought ▁by ▁Dream Work s ▁An imation , ▁Gr ign on ▁worked ▁as ▁the ▁Head ▁of ▁Character ▁An imation ▁on ▁such ▁films ▁as ▁Ant z , ▁Sh rek , ▁Mad ag asc ar , ▁Mad ag asc ar : ▁E scape ▁ 2 ▁Africa , ▁and ▁Mad ag asc ar ▁ 3 : ▁Europe ' s ▁Most ▁W anted . ▁ ▁In ▁ |
2 0 0 6 ▁Gr ign on ▁was ▁accepted ▁into ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁M otion ▁Picture ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences — the ▁O sc ars — for ▁his ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁animation . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn us ▁Award , ▁An imation ▁from ▁Sher idan ▁College ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Premier ' s ▁Award ▁for ▁Creative ▁Arts ▁and ▁Design . ▁ ▁Gr ign on ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁designer ▁of ▁Prem o , ▁the ▁animation ▁software ▁developed ▁at ▁Dream Work s ▁An imation . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Prem o ▁won ▁a ▁Technical ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁from ▁The ▁Academy ▁of ▁M otion ▁Picture ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences . ▁ ▁Gr ign on ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁CEO ▁of ▁N im ble ▁Collect ive , ▁which ▁he ▁co - found ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁with ▁Dream Work s ▁al umn i ▁Jason ▁Sch le ifer , ▁Bruce ▁Wilson ▁and ▁Scott ▁La F le ur . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ign on ▁on ▁I MD b ▁▁▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ign on , ▁Reading ▁Between ▁the ▁' To ons ▁on ▁N PR ▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ign on ▁( tr ust ee ) ▁at ▁SET I ▁Institute ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Berlin ▁Ex po Center ▁Airport ▁( short ▁BE CA |
), ▁a ▁multi - pur pose ▁exhibition ▁ground , ▁bel on he ▁Ex po Center ▁is ▁special ised ▁in ▁av iation ▁related ▁f airs , ▁like ▁the ▁I LA ▁Berlin ▁Air ▁Show . ▁ ▁Planning ▁▁ ▁The ▁construction ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁area ▁started ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁was ▁finished ▁around ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁grounds ▁covers ▁approximately ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁metres ▁( 6 2 ▁acres ). ▁It ▁includes ▁h alls ▁and ▁ch al et ▁areas ▁for ▁aircraft ▁displays ▁and ▁an ▁outdoor ▁display ▁area ▁for ▁spect ators ▁and ▁access ▁routes . ▁ ▁The ▁operating ▁company ▁M esse imm obil ien ▁Sel ch ow ▁G mb H ▁( M IS ) ▁invested ▁ 2 7 ▁million ▁Euro ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁grounds . ▁ ▁Exhib itions ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁▁ 0 4 . ▁to ▁ 0 6 . ▁June : ▁Pan or ama ▁( Ber lin ▁F ashion ▁Week ) ▁▁▁ 1 1 . ▁to ▁ 1 6 . ▁September : ▁I LA ▁Berlin ▁Air ▁Show ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Official ▁I LA - Page ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Tr ade ▁f airs ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Con vention ▁cent res ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : E conom y ▁of ▁Berlin ▁Category : Air ▁shows ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁D ah me - Sp ree wald <0x0A> </s> ▁R aff a ello ▁is ▁a ▁spher ical ▁coc |
on ut – al mond ▁con fection ▁that ▁Italian ▁manufacturer ▁Ferr ero ▁brought ▁to ▁the ▁market ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁The ▁pr al ine ▁compris es ▁a ▁spher ical ▁wa fer ▁which ▁is ▁filled ▁with ▁a ▁white ▁milk ▁cream ▁and ▁white ▁bl an ched ▁al mond s . ▁It ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁coc on ut ▁layer . ▁R aff a ello ▁contains ▁no ▁chocolate , ▁but ▁does ▁contain ▁la ct ose , ▁making ▁R aff a ello ▁in compatible ▁for ▁consumers ▁with ▁la ct ose ▁int oler ance . ▁ ▁Ferr ero ▁fact ories ▁which ▁manufact ure ▁R aff a ello ▁include ▁Vlad imir , ▁Russia ; ▁Br ant ford , ▁Canada ; ▁and ▁Ar lon , ▁Belgium . ▁Russia ▁is ▁Ferr ero ' s ▁largest ▁market ▁for ▁R aff a ello . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Belg ian ▁company ▁S ore mar te c ▁( part ▁of ▁the ▁Ferr ero ▁Group ) ▁began ▁legal ▁action ▁against ▁Land rin , ▁a ▁Ukrain ian ▁company ▁which ▁began ▁producing ▁a ▁sweet ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁similar ▁to ▁R aff a ello , ▁called ▁Wa fer atto . ▁S ore mar te c ▁filed ▁a ▁claim ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁that ▁Land rin ▁had ▁viol ated ▁S ore mar te c ' s ▁trad emark ▁protecting ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁R aff a ello ▁swe ets . ▁After ▁a ▁length y ▁court ▁battle , ▁the ▁High ▁Commercial ▁Court ▁of ▁Ukraine ▁ruled ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Land rin , |
▁can c elling ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁S ore mar te c ' s ▁trad emark . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁a ▁court ▁in ▁Frankfurt ▁in ▁Germany ▁ruled ▁that ▁Ferr ero ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁list ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁R aff a ello ▁swe ets ▁in ▁each ▁packet ▁sold , ▁rather ▁than ▁simply ▁providing ▁the ▁weight . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁con fection ery ▁brands ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Product s ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Category : F err ero ▁brands <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁Ad cept ▁is ▁a ▁tool ▁used ▁in ▁marketing ▁& ▁advertising ▁development ▁to ▁test ▁creative ▁ideas ▁or ▁brand ▁position ings . ▁The ▁term ▁is ▁an ▁am alg am ation ▁of ▁the ▁words ▁' ad vert ising ' ▁and ▁' con cept ', ▁indicating ▁its ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁halfway ▁stage ▁between ▁a ▁concept ▁idea ▁and ▁an ▁advertising ▁execution . ▁Trad itionally , ▁ad cept s ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁check ▁early ▁creative ▁work , ▁typically ▁with ▁advertising ▁agency ▁clients ▁or ▁in ▁market ▁research ▁focus ▁groups . ▁ ▁An ▁alternative ▁to ▁concept ▁statements ▁Trad itionally , ▁qual itative ▁market ▁research ▁has ▁used ▁concept ▁statements ▁and ▁mood ▁boards ▁to ▁test ▁ideas ▁with ▁target ▁consumers . ▁However , ▁Richard ▁Woods ▁( Journal ▁of ▁Cons umer ▁Be hav iour , ▁Vol . 3 , ▁ 4 ▁ 3 8 8 - 4 0 3 ) ▁arg ues ▁that ▁concept ▁boards ▁are ▁unf amiliar ▁and ▁lack ▁emotional ▁appeal . ▁They ▁also ▁attempt |
▁to ▁pull ▁apart ▁the ▁rational ▁and ▁the ▁emotional , ▁which ▁goes ▁against ▁how ▁the ▁human ▁mind ▁evalu ates ▁ideas . ▁Because ▁advertising ▁is ▁the ▁popular ▁language ▁of ▁brands , ▁he ▁claims , ▁ad cept s ▁are ▁easier ▁for ▁consumers ▁to ▁relate ▁to , ▁and ▁to ▁evaluate . ▁ ▁Form ats ▁Ad cept s ▁can ▁be ▁highly ▁finished ▁and ▁closely ▁re semble ▁final ▁advertising ▁or ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁to ▁be ▁deliberately ▁concept ual . ▁When ▁used ▁as ▁research ▁stim ulus , ▁Richard ▁Woods ▁arg ues ▁that ▁this ▁rough er , ▁concept ual ▁format ▁is ▁needed . ▁Show ing ▁very ▁pol ished ▁ad cept s ▁to ▁focus ▁group ▁participants ▁leads ▁them ▁to ▁pass ▁judgment ▁on ▁the ▁specific ▁execution ▁rather ▁than ▁exam ining ▁the ▁core ▁idea ▁being ▁explored . ▁ ▁Ap plications ▁At ▁their ▁most ▁basic ▁level , ▁ad cept s ▁are ▁useful ▁for ▁testing ▁advertising ▁ideas ▁that ▁are ▁works ▁in ▁progress . ▁However , ▁when ▁used ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁concept ▁boards , ▁they ▁are ▁ide ally ▁suited ▁to ▁isol ating ▁what ▁a ▁brand ▁could ▁stand ▁for , ▁and ▁exploring ▁the ▁areas ▁it ▁could ▁expand ▁into ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Woods , ▁Richard ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Journal ▁of ▁Cons umer ▁Be hav iour , ▁Vol . 3 , ▁ 4 ▁ 3 8 8 - 4 0 3 ▁ ▁Category : Ad vert ising <0x0A> </s> ▁Sy ar he y ▁V ikt ar av ich ▁K is ly ak ▁( ; ▁; ▁born ▁ 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 |
8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Bel ar us ian ▁professional ▁football er ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Din amo ▁B rest . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Club ▁In ▁summer ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁K is ly ak ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an , ▁but ▁stayed ▁on ▁loan ▁in ▁his ▁previous ▁team ▁Din amo ▁M ins k ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season . ▁He ▁finally ▁joined ▁Rub in ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁K is ly ak ▁signed ▁for ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Ir ty sh ▁Pav l od ar . ▁ ▁International ▁K is ly ak ▁net ted ▁the ▁only ▁two ▁goals ▁for ▁Bel ar us ▁U - 2 1 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Football ▁Championship , ▁opening ▁the ▁scoring ▁in ▁the ▁matches ▁against ▁Sweden ▁U - 2 1 ▁and ▁Italy ▁U - 2 1 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁K is ly ak ▁made ▁his ▁international ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁senior ▁side , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁last - minute ▁substitute ▁for ▁Serge i ▁K orn ilen ko ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 1 ▁away ▁draw ▁with ▁Saudi ▁Arabia ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁match . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁senior ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 0 ▁friendly ▁win ▁against ▁South |
▁Korea . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁K is ly ak ▁scored ▁the ▁only ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bel ar us ians ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 0 ▁away ▁win ▁against ▁France ▁after ▁a ▁V y ache sl av ▁H le b ▁assist ▁to ▁help ▁provide ▁a ▁winning ▁start ▁to ▁the ▁country ' s ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁qual ification ▁campaign . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Statistics ▁accurate ▁as ▁of ▁match ▁played ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁International ▁goals ▁S co res ▁and ▁results ▁list ▁Bel ar us ' ▁goal ▁t ally ▁first . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Din amo ▁M ins k ▁Bel ar us ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁champion : ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an ▁Russian ▁Cup ▁winner : ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁ ▁Din amo ▁B rest ▁Bel ar us ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁champion : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Bel ar us ian ▁Super ▁Cup ▁winner : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁ ▁Personal ▁K is ly ak ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁his ▁childhood ▁football ▁id ols ▁were ▁She v chen ko ▁and ▁Mar ad ona , ▁while ▁he ▁also ▁adm ires ▁the ▁playing ▁style ▁of ▁Steven ▁G err ard . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Kam y eny ets ▁Category : Bel ar us ian ▁football ers ▁Category |
: Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Bel ar us ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Bel ar us ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Category : Bel ar us ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : R ussian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁R U OR ▁M ins k ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Din amo ▁M ins k ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁K ras nod ar ▁players ▁Category : G az iante ps por ▁football ers ▁Category : FC ▁Ir ty sh ▁Pav l od ar ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁D ynam o ▁B rest ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁X u ▁J ie ▁( 徐 <0xE7> <0x8E> <0xA0> ) ▁( 8 6 8 - 9 4 3 ), ▁courtesy ▁name ▁Y ung ui ▁( <0xE8> <0x98> <0x8A> <0xE5> <0x9C> <0xAD> ), ▁formally ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Ga oping ▁( 高 平 王 ), ▁was ▁an ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Five ▁D yn ast ies ▁and ▁Ten ▁Kingdom s ▁Period ▁states ▁Wu ▁and ▁Southern ▁T ang , ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁ch ancell or ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Southern ▁T ang ' s ▁first ▁emperor ▁Li ▁B ian ▁( X u ▁Z h ig ao ). ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 8 6 8 , ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of |
▁Emperor ▁X iz ong ▁of ▁T ang . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁from ▁P eng chen g ▁( <0xE5> <0xBD> <0xAD> 城 , ▁in ▁modern ▁X uz hou , ▁Ji ang su ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁de x tr ous , ▁capable , ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁speaker . ▁ ▁At ▁some ▁point , ▁he ▁became ▁an ▁officer ▁under ▁the ▁general ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁( <0xE5> <0xB4> <0x94> <0xE6> <0xB4> <0xAA> ), ▁who ▁was , ▁as ▁of ▁ 8 9 9 , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁( J ied ush i ) ▁of ▁F eng gu o ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE5> <0xA5> <0x89> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Z hum ad ian , ▁Hen an ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 8 9 9 , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁F eng gu o ▁officers , ▁led ▁by ▁C ui ▁J ings i ▁( <0xE5> <0xB4> <0x94> 景 思 ), ▁were ▁fear ful ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁war lord ▁Z hu ▁Qu anz h ong ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁X uan w u ▁Circ uit ▁( 宣 武 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Ka if eng , ▁Hen an ), ▁who ▁was ▁forcing ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁into ▁subm itting ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁They ▁co er ced ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁into ▁abandon ing ▁F eng gu o ' s ▁capital ▁C ai ▁P ref ect ure ▁( <0xE8> <0x94> <0xA1> 州 ) ▁and ▁fle eing ▁to ▁the ▁domain ▁of ▁another ▁major ▁war lord , ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ▁the ▁military ▁governor |
▁of ▁Hu ain an ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE6> <0xB7> <0xAE> 南 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Yang z hou , ▁Ji ang su ). ▁ ▁As ▁they ▁approached ▁Yang ' s ▁domain , ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁sent ▁X u ▁in ▁advance ▁to ▁meet ▁Yang ▁to ▁submit . ▁ ▁Yang ▁subsequently ▁retained ▁X u ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁an ▁officer ▁under ▁him . ▁ ▁By ▁ 9 0 6 , ▁Hu ain an ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁son ▁and ▁success or ▁Yang ▁Wo . ▁ ▁That ▁year , ▁Yang ▁Wo , ▁taking ▁advantage ▁of ▁a ▁success ion ▁struggle ▁at ▁Z hen nan ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAE> 南 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁N anch ang , ▁Ji ang xi ) ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁its ▁military ▁governor ▁Z h ong ▁Ch uan ▁between ▁Z h ong ▁Ch uan ' s ▁son ▁Z h ong ▁Ku ang sh i ▁and ▁adopt ive ▁son ▁Z h ong ▁Yang ui ▁( <0xE9> <0x8D> <0xBE> 延 規 ), ▁launched ▁a ▁major ▁attack ▁on ▁Z hen nan ▁and ▁captured ▁it . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁campaign , ▁X u ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁food ▁supply ▁officer , ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁successful ▁campaign ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁pre fect ▁of ▁Ji ▁P ref ect ure ▁( 吉 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Ji ' an , ▁Ji ang xi ). ▁ ▁During ▁Hong n ong / W u ▁ ▁By ▁ 9 1 2 , ▁T ang ▁had ▁fallen , ▁and ▁Yang |
▁Wo ' s ▁domain ▁was ▁now ▁ruled ▁by ▁his ▁brother ▁and ▁success or ▁Yang ▁Long yan , ▁who ▁carried ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Prince ▁of ▁Hong n ong , ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁state . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁govern ance ▁of ▁the ▁Hong n ong ▁state ▁was ▁actually ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁X u ▁W en , ▁who ▁had ▁along ▁with ▁Z hang ▁H ao , ▁assass inated ▁Yang ▁Wo ▁and ▁become ▁reg ent . ▁ ▁Several ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁old ▁gener als ▁— ▁L iu ▁We i ▁( 劉 威 ) ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁Z hen nan , ▁T ao ▁Ya ▁( <0xE9> <0x99> <0xB6> 雅 ) ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁She ▁P ref ect ure ▁( <0xE6> <0xAD> <0x99> 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Hu ang sh an , ▁An hui ), ▁Li ▁Yu ▁( 李 遇 ) ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁X uan ▁P ref ect ure ▁( 宣 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁X u anc heng , ▁An hui ), ▁and ▁Li ▁J ian ▁( 李 <0xE7> <0xB0> <0xA1> ) ▁the ▁pre fect ▁of ▁Ch ang ▁P ref ect ure ▁( 常 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Ch ang z hou , ▁Ji ang su ) ▁— ▁were ▁diss atisf ied ▁with ▁the ▁situation ▁and ▁were ▁particularly ▁not ▁respect ful ▁of ▁X u ▁W en . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ▁was ▁particularly ▁upset ▁with ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁govern ance , ▁often ▁stating , ▁" Who ▁is ▁this ▁X u ▁W en ? ▁ ▁I ▁have ▁not ▁even |
▁met ▁him , ▁and ▁now ▁he ▁is ▁in ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁state !" ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 1 2 , ▁when ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁then ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁travel ▁p av il ions ▁( 館 <0xE9> <0xA9> <0x9B> 使 , ▁Gu any ishi ), ▁was ▁on ▁a ▁diplom atic ▁mission ▁to ▁Hong n ong ' s ▁sout he astern ▁neighbor ▁W uy ue , ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁him ▁visit ▁Li ▁Yu ▁at ▁X uan ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁persu ade ▁Li ▁Yu ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁capital ▁Gu ang ling ▁( <0xE5> <0xBB> <0xA3> 陵 ) ▁to ▁pay ▁hom age ▁to ▁Yang ▁Long yan . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ▁initially ▁agreed . ▁ ▁However , ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁during ▁the ▁conversation , ▁stated , ▁" If ▁you ▁do ▁not ▁do ▁so , ▁Lord , ▁people ▁will ▁believe ▁that ▁you ▁are ▁reb elling ." ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ▁an gr ily ▁responded , ▁" You , ▁sir , ▁said ▁that ▁I , ▁Li ▁Yu , ▁would ▁be ▁reb elling . ▁ ▁Is ▁it ▁not ▁the ▁case ▁that ▁one ▁who ▁killed ▁the ▁Sh iz h ong ▁[ ( i . e ., ▁Yang ▁Wo , ▁who ▁carried ▁that ▁title )] ▁would ▁be ▁reb elling ?" ▁ ▁X u ▁W en , ▁subsequently , ▁had ▁the ▁general ▁Ch ai ▁Z ai y ong ▁( <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB4> 再 用 ) ▁attack ▁X uan . ▁ ▁When ▁Li ▁Yu ▁subsequently ▁sur rend ered , ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁Li ▁Yu ' |
s ▁family ▁slaughter ed . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ' s ▁son ▁had ▁married ▁one ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁daughters , ▁who ▁was ▁sp ared ▁from ▁execution ▁because ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁prince ' s ▁sister . ▁ ▁She ▁subsequently ▁married ▁X u ▁J ie ▁as ▁his ▁wife . ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 1 8 , ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁oldest ▁biological ▁son ▁X u ▁Z h ix ù n , ▁whom ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁made ▁junior ▁reg ent ▁and ▁in ▁day - to - day ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁( which ▁by ▁that ▁point ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Wu ), ▁was ▁assass inated ▁by ▁the ▁general ▁Z hu ▁Jin , ▁who ▁subsequently ▁committed ▁suicide . ▁ ▁As ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁other ▁biological ▁sons ▁were ▁all ▁young , ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁adopt ive ▁son ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁junior ▁reg ent . ▁ ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁considered ▁X u ▁J ie ' s ▁govern ance ▁of ▁Ji ▁P ref ect ure ▁to ▁be ▁poor , ▁and ▁found ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁corrupt ▁and ▁obsc ene , ▁and ▁therefore ▁removed ▁him ▁from ▁the ▁post . ▁ ▁However , ▁X u ▁W en ▁himself ▁considered ▁X u ▁J ie ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁good ▁assistant , ▁and ▁therefore ▁invited ▁X u ▁J ie ▁to ▁serve ▁on ▁staff , ▁as ▁the ▁deputy ▁commander ▁of ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁army ; ▁and ▁X u ▁J ie ▁became ▁a ▁close |
▁associate ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁As ▁X u ▁J ie ▁res ented ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao , ▁he ▁often ▁told ▁X u ▁W en , ▁" The ▁reg ency ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁is ▁so ▁important ▁that ▁you ▁cannot ▁trust ▁it ▁to ▁someone ▁of ▁a ▁different ▁surn ame . ▁ ▁You ▁should ▁let ▁your ▁proper ▁son ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ▁[ ( X u ▁W en ' s ▁second ▁biological ▁son )] ▁replace ▁him ." ▁ ▁But ▁as ▁X u ▁W en ▁was ▁considering ▁the ▁matter ▁and ▁res olving ▁to ▁replace ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁with ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún , ▁he ▁fell ▁ill ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁ 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁death , ▁then - W u ▁emperor ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁( Y ang ▁Long yan ' s ▁younger ▁brother ▁and ▁success or ) ▁split ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁titles ▁between ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁and ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún , ▁with ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁assuming ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁title ▁as ▁overse er ▁of ▁all ▁military ▁matters ▁( 都 <0xE7> <0x9D> <0xA3> 中 外 總 軍 事 , ▁D ud u ▁Z h ong w ai ▁Z ong j un sh i ), ▁while ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁deputy ▁sup reme ▁commander ▁of ▁all ▁circ uits ▁( <0xE8> <0xAB> <0xB8> 道 副 都 統 , ▁Z h |
ud ao ▁Fu ▁D ut ong , ▁with ▁X u ▁W en ▁having ▁been ▁sup reme ▁commander ▁before , ▁and ▁that ▁post ▁now ▁left ▁open ) ▁and ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁( <0xE5> <0xAF> <0xA7> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁X u anc heng , ▁An hui ) ▁and ▁Z hen h ai ▁( <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAE> 海 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Z hen ji ang , ▁Ji ang su ) ▁Cir cu its , ▁which ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁been ; ▁he ▁also ▁took ▁the ▁greater ▁honor ary ▁ch ancell or ▁title ▁of ▁Sh iz h ong ▁( <0xE4> <0xBE> <0x8D> 中 ). ▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁remained ▁in ▁control ▁of ▁Wu ' s ▁imperial ▁government , ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún , ▁at ▁Jin ling ▁( 金 陵 , ▁in ▁modern ▁N anj ing , ▁Ji ang su ), ▁controlled ▁the ▁largest ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁he , ▁w ield ing ▁that ▁authority , ▁cont ended ▁for ▁decision - making ▁with ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao , ▁who ▁tried ▁to ▁cur b ▁X u ▁Z h ix un ' s ▁military ▁power . ▁ ▁Given ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ' s ▁military ▁strength , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁feared ▁him , ▁but ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ' s ▁arrog ance ▁alien ated ▁his ▁younger ▁biological ▁brothers . ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁who ▁had ▁previously |
▁supported ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún , ▁also ▁realized ▁that ▁X u ▁Z h ix un ▁lack ed ▁the ▁proper ▁abilities ▁to ▁lead , ▁and ▁instead ▁turned ▁his ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao , ▁inform ing ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁of ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ' s ▁short com ings . ▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁ 9 2 9 , ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún ▁tried ▁to ▁summon ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁to ▁Jin ling ▁to ▁attend ▁a ▁ceremony ▁where ▁they ▁would ▁remove ▁mour ning ▁clothes ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁put ▁on ▁for ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁death ; ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁refused , ▁claiming ▁that ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁would ▁not ▁let ▁him ▁leave ▁the ▁capital . ▁ ▁X u ▁Z h ix ún , ▁mean while , ▁was ▁trick ed ▁by ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁Gu ang ling . ▁ ▁Once ▁he ▁arrived ▁there , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁det ained ▁him ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁allow ▁him ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Jin ling , ▁sending ▁the ▁officer ▁Ke ▁Hou ▁( <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xAF> <0xE5> <0x8E> <0x9A> ) ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁Jin ling ▁forces ▁back ▁to ▁Gu ang ling , ▁thus ▁consolid ating ▁the ▁command ▁under ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁himself . ▁ ▁Given ▁X u ▁J ie ' s ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁at ▁this ▁point , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁became ▁closely |
▁associated ▁with ▁him , ▁with ▁the ▁resent ment ▁between ▁them ▁gone . ▁ ▁When ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁himself ▁later ▁took ▁up ▁his ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Jin ling , ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁commander ▁of ▁his ▁army . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 9 3 4 , ▁he , ▁along ▁with ▁Li ▁J ian x un , ▁was ▁beginning ▁to ▁encourage ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁throne ▁from ▁Yang ▁Pu . ▁ ▁When , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁that ▁transition ▁process , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁received ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁General iss imo ▁and ▁established ▁a ▁headquarters ▁in ▁ 9 3 6 , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁made ▁X u ▁J ie ▁and ▁a ▁long - time ▁advis or , ▁Song ▁Q iq iu , ▁the ▁military ▁advis ors ▁at ▁the ▁General iss imo ▁headquarters . ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 3 7 , ▁with ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ' s ▁having ▁received ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Prince ▁of ▁Q i , ▁X u ▁J ie ▁and ▁Song ▁were ▁made ▁the ▁princip ality ' s ▁ch ancell ors . ▁ ▁During ▁Southern ▁T ang ▁ ▁In ▁fall ▁ 9 3 7 , ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁yield ed ▁the ▁throne ▁to ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao , ▁ending ▁Wu , ▁with ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁starting ▁a ▁new ▁state ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁Southern ▁T ang . ▁ ▁When ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao , ▁after ▁taking ▁the ▁throne , ▁submitted |
▁a ▁petition ▁to ▁Yang ▁accepting ▁the ▁throne ▁and ▁still ▁treating ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁like ▁an ▁emperor ▁and ▁his ▁lord , ▁it ▁was ▁X u ▁J ie ▁who ▁delivered ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ' s ▁petition ▁to ▁Yang . ▁ ▁When , ▁subsequently , ▁many ▁officials ▁were ▁subm itting ▁pet itions ▁to ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁asking ▁to ▁change ▁place ▁names ▁containing ▁" Y ang " ▁or ▁" W u " ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁name , ▁it ▁was ▁X u ▁J ie ▁who ▁spoke ▁against ▁such ▁pet itions , ▁stating , ▁" Your ▁Imperial ▁Maj esty ▁accepted ▁the ▁throne ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁the ▁will ▁of ▁heaven ▁and ▁man , ▁without ▁se izing ▁it ▁by ▁impro per ▁means . ▁ ▁The ▁fl attering ▁and ▁evil ▁people ▁are ▁concentr ating ▁on ▁changing ▁minute ▁matters . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁priority , ▁and ▁you ▁should ▁not ▁follow ▁them ." ▁ ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁agreed ▁with ▁his ▁assessment . ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁subsequently ▁made ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE5> <0xAF> <0xA7> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁at ▁X uan ▁P ref ect ure ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁this ▁was ▁announced , ▁his ▁wife ▁Lady ▁Yang , ▁remembering ▁what ▁had ▁happened ▁with ▁her ▁first ▁husband ▁and ▁his ▁family , ▁died ▁due ▁to ▁her ▁distress ▁and ▁anger . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Z hen nan ▁Circ uit ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁honor ary ▁ch ancell or ▁title |
▁of ▁Z h ong sh u ▁L ing ▁( 中 書 令 ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁recalled ▁to ▁the ▁Southern ▁T ang ▁imperial ▁government ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁ch ancell or ▁with ▁the ▁titles ▁of ▁Situ ▁( 司 <0xE5> <0xBE> <0x92> ) ▁and ▁You ▁Chen g xi ang ▁( 右 <0xE4> <0xB8> <0x9E> 相 ), ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁given ▁real ▁responsibility . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁particularly ▁more ▁greed y ▁in ▁his ▁old ▁age , ▁such ▁that ▁his ▁sub ord inates ▁were ▁dist ressed . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁al che my , ▁but ▁often ▁bought ▁discount ▁c inn ab ar ▁of ▁lower ▁grades ▁in ▁his ▁al chem ist ▁exercises , ▁leading ▁to ▁der ision . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁ 9 4 3 , ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Li ▁J ing , ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ' s ▁son ▁and ▁success or ▁( as ▁X u ▁Z h ig ao ▁later ▁changed ▁his ▁name ▁to ▁Li ▁B ian , ▁reflect ing ▁his ▁birth ▁surn ame ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁▁▁ ▁Spring ▁and ▁Aut umn ▁Ann als ▁of ▁the ▁Ten ▁Kingdom s , ▁vol . ▁ 2 1 . ▁ ▁Z iz hi ▁T ong j ian , ▁vol s . ▁ 2 6 8 , ▁ 2 7 6 , ▁ 2 7 9 , ▁ 2 8 0 , ▁ 2 8 1 . ▁ ▁Category : 8 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 9 4 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : Y ang ▁Wu |
▁people ▁born ▁during ▁T ang ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁X uz hou ▁Category : Gener als ▁from ▁Ji ang su ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁office - holders ▁in ▁Ji ang xi ▁Category : Y ang ▁Wu ▁politicians ▁Category : S ou thern ▁T ang ▁ch ancell ors ▁Category : Ch inese ▁prin ces ▁Category : S ou thern ▁T ang ▁j ied ush i ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁Circ uit ▁Category : S ou thern ▁T ang ▁j ied ush i ▁of ▁Z hen nan ▁Circ uit <0x0A> </s> ▁K ud an ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district ▁in ▁Raj as than , ▁India . ▁It ▁is ▁relatively ▁a ▁well - develop ed ▁village ▁which ▁is ▁connected ▁by ▁roads ▁and ▁with ▁all ▁forms ▁of ▁modern ▁communication ▁facilities . ▁The ▁majority ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁belongs ▁to ▁J at ▁community ▁with ▁Sund a ▁and ▁Mah aria ▁representing ▁largest ▁and ▁second ▁largest ▁got ras ▁respectively ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁numbers . ▁Moreover , ▁other ▁cast es ▁are ▁Har ij ans ▁and ▁N ay aks ( D al its ), ▁Raj put s ( She kh aw at ), ▁Bra hm ins , ▁K hat i ( J ang ir ), ▁Sun ar ( S oni ▁( c aste )), ▁Dar oga , ▁N ai ▁( c aste ), ▁J at ( k aj la ) and ▁J at ( Ph og aw at ). ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁marginal ▁population ▁of ▁Muslims ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁village ▁came ▁into ▁prom |
in ence ▁during ▁British ▁Raj ▁for ▁its ▁role ▁in ▁freedom ▁movement ▁from ▁the ▁Raj put s ▁and ▁abol ition ▁of ▁Jag irs . ▁ ▁History ▁K un war ▁Bag h ▁Singh ▁son ▁of ▁R ao ▁Sam r ath ▁Singh ▁of ▁Tor aw ati , ▁Pat an ▁( 1 7 4 8 – 1 7 5 4 ) ▁was ▁th ak ur ▁of ▁K ood an ▁under ▁S ik ar ▁th ik ana ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁K un war ▁G uman ▁Singh ▁of ▁Mag lo ona ▁village . ▁ ▁Role ▁in ▁She kh aw ati ▁farmers ’ ▁movement ▁ ▁Before ▁independence ▁the ▁conditions ▁of ▁the ▁farmers ▁were ▁worst . ▁The ▁farmers ▁of ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁region ▁were ▁explo ited ▁and ▁opp ressed ▁by ▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁during ▁British ▁Raj . ▁They ▁were ▁dep rived ▁of ▁fundamental ▁rights . ▁They ▁were ▁given ▁in human ▁treatment ▁when ▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁c ess es ▁known ▁as ▁" lag " ▁( tax ) ▁or ▁" b eg ar " ▁( un paid ▁work ) ▁in ▁time , ▁they ▁were ▁given ▁hard ▁pun ish ments ▁and ▁their ▁crop ▁used ▁to ▁be ▁destroyed . ▁Every ▁thing ▁that ▁the ▁farmers ▁had , ▁never ▁treated ▁as ▁his ▁own . ▁In ▁Jag ir ▁areas ▁all ▁cultiv ators ▁were ▁really ▁land less . ▁There ▁was ▁no ▁ten ancy ▁law ▁and ▁one ▁could ▁be ▁thrown ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁land ▁one ▁cultiv ated ▁at ▁the ▁pleasure ▁of ▁Jag ird ar , ▁his ▁" mal ik " ▁( owner ). |
▁In ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Jag irs ▁a ▁Jag ird ar ▁would ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁instance ▁be ▁taking ▁fifty ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁produce . ▁This ▁would ▁be ▁taken ▁by ▁actual ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁on ▁the ▁thr ashing ▁floor ▁or ▁by ▁app rais al ▁of ▁the ▁standing ▁crop ▁( k un ta ). ▁Then ▁over ▁and ▁above ▁the ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁the ▁farmers ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁numerous ▁" l ags " ▁or ▁c ess es . ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 7 ▁kinds ▁of ▁‘ l ags " ▁preval ent ▁in ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁area . ▁Together ▁with ▁the ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁known ▁as ▁" Has il " ▁( share ) ▁these ▁c ess es ▁meant ▁that ▁the ▁farmers ▁had ▁to ▁part ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁eight y ▁percent ▁of ▁their ▁produce . ▁The ▁findings ▁of ▁the ▁Su kh de on ar ain ▁Committee ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 4 0 - 4 2 ▁bear ▁this ▁out . ▁If ▁a ▁farmer ▁had ▁to ▁marry ▁his ▁daughter ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁" Ch av ri ▁Lag " ▁( mar riage ▁tax ), ▁if ▁he ▁held ▁a ▁dinner ▁then ▁a ▁" K ans a ▁Lag "; ▁if ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁separated ▁then ▁" D h un wa ▁Lag " ▁( house ▁tax ) ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁If ▁the ▁Jag ird ar ▁had ▁a ▁guest ▁then ▁f od der ▁for ▁his ▁mount ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁supplied . ▁Then ▁there ▁was ▁" b eg ar " ▁that ▁is ▁forced ▁labour , ▁for ▁till |
ing ▁the ▁personal ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Jag ird ar . ▁The ▁hom est ead ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁farmers ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁hab itation ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁vac ated ▁in ▁case ▁he ▁ce ased ▁cultiv ating ▁the ▁land . ▁He ▁could ▁not ▁alien ate ▁the ▁plot ▁to ▁anyone . ▁ ▁Farm ers ▁of ▁the ▁She kh aw ati , ▁mainly ▁the ▁J ats , ▁united ▁against ▁opp ression ▁of ▁Jag ird ars ▁by ▁forming ▁‘ S ik ar ▁J at - K isan - P anch ay at ’ ▁and ▁stopped ▁giving ▁" l ags " ▁or ▁c ess es ▁to ▁the ▁Jag ird ards . ▁The ▁‘ J a ip ur ▁Pra ja - M andal ’ ▁also ▁supported ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁farmers ’ ▁movement ▁against ▁abol ition ▁of ▁Jag ird ari ▁system . ▁The ▁leaders ▁of ▁‘ B ij oria - K isan - Move ment ’ ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁supported ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁She kh aw ati ▁farmers . ▁The ▁Jag ird ars ▁tried ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁movement ▁in ▁many ▁ways . ▁Many ▁farmers ▁were ▁killed ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁jail . ▁A ▁J at ▁farmer ▁was ▁beaten ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁the ▁market ▁of ▁S ik ar ▁town ; ▁his ▁dead ▁body ▁was ▁thrown ▁and ▁insult ed . ▁ ▁The ▁J at ▁P raj ap ati ▁Mah a - Y aj na ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁ ▁In ▁ |
1 9 3 4 , ▁to ▁spread ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁A ry a ▁Sam aj ▁and ▁create ▁aw aken ing ▁in ▁She kh aw ati , ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁P raj ap ati ▁Y aj na ▁( P ray er ▁ceremony ▁for ▁the ▁Lord ▁of ▁Universe ). ▁The ▁J at ▁P raj ap ati ▁Mah a - Y aj na ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁S ik ar ▁from ▁ 2 0 – 2 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁K un war ▁H uk am ▁Singh ▁Ra he es ▁Ang ai ▁( Math ura ) ▁was ▁made ▁Y aj n ap ati ▁or ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Y aj na . ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Kal ur am ▁of ▁village ▁K ud an ▁was ▁the ▁Y aj nam an . ▁Ach ary a ▁Sh ri ▁Jag dev ▁Sid han th i ▁received ▁an ▁invitation ▁for ▁this ▁Y aj na ▁at ▁his ▁G ur uk ul ▁at ▁Kir tt al , ▁In ▁that ▁invitation ▁was ▁he ▁requested ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Y aj na ▁and ▁bring ▁twenty ▁B hr am char is ▁and ▁dis ciples ▁with ▁him . ▁Vol unte ers ▁went ▁to ▁all ▁the ▁households ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁and ▁collected ▁material ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁needed . ▁They ▁collected ▁G he e , ▁Fl our , ▁G ur , ▁and ▁invited ▁all ▁the ▁household ers ▁to ▁participate . ▁H undred s ▁of ▁c ans ▁of ▁G he e ▁and ▁hundreds ▁of ▁s acks ▁of ▁flour ▁were ▁collected . |
▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Y aj na ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁adopted ▁the ▁Y ogy op av it ▁( init iation ), ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁symbol ▁K isan ▁sang athan . ▁She et al ▁Kum ari , ▁daughter ▁of ▁K un war ▁Net ram ▁Singh , ▁adopted ▁y agy op av it . ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Ch im ana ▁Ram ▁of ▁S ang asi ▁brought ▁his ▁wife ▁wearing ▁sal war - k ur ta . ▁The ▁unity ▁of ▁J at ▁farmers ▁in ▁this ▁Y aj na ▁had ▁terrified ▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁of ▁S ik ar . ▁The ▁role ▁played ▁by ▁Har ▁L al ▁Singh ▁and ▁Th ak ur ▁Des h raj ▁was ▁significant ▁in ▁its ▁success . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁‘ All ▁India ▁J at ▁Students ▁Federation ▁Conference ’ ▁was ▁organized ▁at ▁Pil ani ; ▁the ▁coord inator ▁of ▁it ▁was ▁Master ▁Rat an ▁Singh . ▁Sir ▁Ch hot u ▁Ram , ▁K un war ▁Net ram ▁Singh , ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Ram ▁Singh , ▁Th ak ur ▁J hum man ▁Singh , ▁Th ak ur ▁Des h raj ▁and ▁S ard ar ▁Har ▁L al ▁Singh , ▁along ▁with ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁farmers ▁from ▁various ▁states , ▁attended ▁it . ▁This ▁conference ▁gave ▁a ▁great ▁strength ▁to ▁the ▁J at ▁youth . fin ally ▁settlement ▁was ▁done ▁after ▁independence . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁in ▁Pr inc ely ▁States ▁Report ▁The ▁main ▁agricultural ▁cas te ▁in ▁Raj as than ▁is |
▁the ▁J ats : ▁they ▁compr ise ▁the ▁largest ▁single ▁cas te ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁( 9 ▁per ▁cent ), ▁and ▁were , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁even ▁earlier , ▁the ▁most ▁self - conscious ▁and ▁prosper ous ▁among ▁the ▁pe asant ▁cast es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁their ▁claims ▁to ▁certain ▁privile ges ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁cl ashes ▁between ▁them ▁and ▁the ▁Raj put s , ▁who ▁res isted ▁their ▁attempts ▁to ▁rev ise ▁accepted ▁signs ▁of ▁status . ▁The ▁cl ash ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁is ▁rem inis cent ▁of ▁similar ▁ones ▁in ▁other ▁areas ▁between ▁lower ▁cast es ▁on ▁the ▁rise ▁and ▁higher ▁established ▁cast es . ▁ ▁The ▁J at ▁demonstr ations ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁S ik ar , ▁the ▁largest ▁th ik ana ▁in ▁Ja ip ur ▁State , ▁and ▁involved ▁both ▁economic ▁and ▁social ▁issues . ▁The ▁J ats ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁had ▁formed ▁two ▁associations , ▁the ▁S ik ar w ati ▁J at ▁P anch ay at ▁and ▁the ▁J at ▁K isan ▁Sab ha , ▁and ▁had ▁received ▁some ▁help ▁and ▁encour agement ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁Indian ▁province ▁of ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁" outs iders " ▁were ▁organiz ers ▁for ▁the ▁social ist - oriented ▁K isan ▁Sab ha ▁which ▁attempted ▁to ▁mobil ise ▁the ▁peas antry ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁radical ▁press ures ▁in ▁the ▁Congress . ▁ |
▁The ▁initial ▁demonstr ation ▁in ▁Kh uri ▁village ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁was ▁occasion ed ▁by ▁a ▁social ▁issue , ▁whether ▁a ▁J at ▁bride g room ▁should ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁ride ▁to ▁his ▁bride ' s ▁house ▁on ▁a ▁horse , ▁a ▁ceremon ial ▁act ▁assert ing ▁higher ▁station ▁than ▁Raj put s ▁were ▁prepared ▁to ▁conced e . ▁The ▁Raj put s ▁object ed , ▁the ▁J ats ▁insisted , ▁fighting ▁broke ▁out , ▁and ▁an ▁old ▁J at ▁was ▁killed . ▁The ▁incident ▁led ▁to ▁further ▁cl ashes , ▁and ▁the ▁th ik ana ▁police , ▁the ▁S ik ar ▁Lanc ers , ▁under ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁S ik ar ▁police , ▁charged ▁the ▁J at ▁crowds ▁with ▁l ath is ▁( qu arter - staff s ), ▁inj uring ▁many . ▁This ▁incident ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁others ▁as ▁J ats ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁protest ed ▁against ▁the ▁revenue ▁collections ▁and ▁res isted ▁and ▁attacked ▁S ik ar ▁revenue ▁officials ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁at ▁Bh air on p ura ▁and ▁at ▁K ud an ▁village ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April . ▁The ▁S ik ar ▁police ▁killed ▁four ▁J ats ▁while ▁putting ▁down ▁this ▁last ▁demonstr ation ▁and ▁arrested ▁ 1 0 4 ▁persons . ▁The ▁anti - rent ▁ag itation ▁eventually ▁involved ▁some ▁twenty - one ▁villages , ▁and ▁local ▁head men ▁were ▁as ▁active ▁as ▁any ▁outs iders . ▁A ▁school ▁where , ▁according ▁to |
▁the ▁Ja ip ur ▁dur bar , ▁un law ful ▁do ctr ines ▁were ▁being ▁pre ached ▁by ▁a ▁J at ▁teacher ▁from ▁outside ▁the ▁state , ▁was ▁knocked ▁down . ▁The ▁ag itation ▁had ▁some ▁effects . ▁The ▁R ao ▁R aja ▁of ▁S ik ar ▁rem itted ▁all ▁ar re ars ▁of ▁revenue ▁previous ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁and ▁promised ▁to ▁open ▁schools , ▁provide ▁loans ▁where ▁needed , ▁and ▁emb ark ▁on ▁a ▁permanent ▁land ▁settlement ▁that ▁would ▁introduce ▁some ▁certain ty ▁into ▁the ▁vag aries ▁of ▁the ▁th ik ana ' s ▁revenue ▁demand . ▁ ▁Education ▁K ud an ▁has ▁several ▁educational ▁institutions . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁G ov t . ▁Hig her ▁Second ary ▁School , ▁Sha he ed ▁Major ▁Sure nd ra ▁B ads ara ▁A ad ar sh ▁Raj ki ya ▁U ch ch ▁Mad hy am ik ▁V id yal aya ▁( named ▁after ▁the ▁proud ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁who ▁laid ▁down ▁his ▁life ▁for ▁the ▁nation ▁Sa he ed ▁Maj ▁Sure nd ra ▁B ads ara , ▁S ena ▁Medal ) ▁ ▁where ▁Science ( Mat hemat ics ), ▁Arts ▁and ▁Commerce ▁subjects ▁are ▁available ▁at ▁ 1 1 th ▁and ▁ 1 2 th ▁standards . ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁centre ▁of ▁high ▁school ▁education ▁for ▁decades ▁for ▁the ▁nearby ▁villages . ▁Also , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁G ov t . ▁Second ary ▁Girls ▁School ▁and ▁a ▁very ▁old |
▁G ov t . ▁Primary ▁School ▁( which ▁has ▁been ▁up graded ▁into ▁an ▁Upper ▁Primary ▁School ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁ago ). ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁Private ▁Schools ▁also ▁which ▁provide ▁education ▁in ▁both ▁Hind i ▁and ▁English ▁medium s . ▁Along ▁with ▁a ▁graduate ▁college ▁exclusively ▁for ▁girls , ▁the ▁village ▁has ▁three ▁Te acher ▁Training ▁Col leg es ( B . Ed ▁colleges ▁as ▁there ▁are ▁popular ly ▁called ) ▁All ▁the ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁are ▁affili ated ▁to ▁Board ▁of ▁Second ary ▁Education , ▁Raj as than . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁educated ▁villages ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district , ▁a ▁significant ▁credit ▁for ▁this ▁may ▁be ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁village ▁el ders ▁who ▁o wing ▁to ▁their ▁f ores ight ed ness ▁recognised ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁education ▁and ▁the ▁impact ▁that ▁it ▁could ▁bring ▁to ▁the ▁soc io - econom ic ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁is ▁also ▁first ▁among ▁equals ▁for ▁serving ▁the ▁nation . ▁Sa he ed ▁Maj ▁Sure nd ra ▁B ads ara , ▁SM ( S ena ▁Medal ) ▁and ▁Sha he ed ▁Sub has ▁Sund a ▁belong ▁to ▁this ▁same ▁village ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁people ▁in ▁uniform ▁who ▁are ▁serving ▁the ▁Nation ▁in ▁Indian ▁Army , ▁Indian ▁Navy , ▁Indian ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Param il itary ▁forces ▁of ▁India ▁and ▁Police ▁Service ▁on ▁various ▁ranks , ▁positions ▁and ▁design ations . ▁A ▁notable ▁credit ▁for ▁same ▁goes ▁to ▁el ders ▁for ▁spreading ▁awareness ▁among |
▁youth ▁and ▁motiv ating ▁them ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁services . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Viv ian ▁S aki yy ah ▁Green ▁( born ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁R & B ▁singer - s ong writer ▁and ▁pian ist . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Green ▁was ▁born ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁Oak ▁Lane ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁Philadelphia , ▁and ▁took ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁singing , ▁playing ▁the ▁piano , ▁and ▁song writing ▁at ▁a ▁very ▁young ▁age . ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁thirteen , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁female ▁qu int et ▁called ▁You n ique . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁graduate ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁Park way ▁North west ▁High ▁School ▁for ▁Peace ▁and ▁Social ▁Justice . ▁ ▁Green ▁has ▁credit ▁for ▁writing ▁" D ear ▁God " ▁by ▁Boy z ▁II ▁Men , ▁from ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁album ▁Ev olution . ▁Green ▁received ▁her ▁big ▁break ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ninete en ▁when ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁backup ▁singer ▁for ▁J ill ▁Scott , ▁who ▁took ▁her ▁on ▁an ▁international ▁tour . ▁She ▁signed ▁to ▁Columbia ▁Records ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Career ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 3 : ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Green ▁released ▁her ▁debut ▁album , ▁A ▁Love ▁Story , |
▁which ▁featured ▁the ▁number - one ▁single ▁" Em ot ional ▁Roll er co aster ". ▁In ▁the ▁meantime , ▁Green ▁made ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁Cole ▁P orter ▁bi opic ▁De - L ov ely ▁singing ▁a ▁cover ▁version ▁of ▁P orter ' s ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁song ▁" Love ▁for ▁Sale ", ▁which ▁made ▁the ▁film ' s ▁sound track ▁album . ▁She ▁also ▁played ▁Brend a ▁H ollow ay ▁in ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁of ▁NBC ' s ▁drama ▁series ▁American ▁Dream s , ▁entitled ▁" The ▁Car pet b agg ers " ▁( origin ally ▁a ired ▁on ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ), ▁performing ▁a ▁rend ition ▁of ▁H ollow ay ' s ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁hit ▁" Every ▁Little ▁Bit ▁Hur ts ". ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 – 2 0 0 6 : ▁Viv ian ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁on ▁Cy nd i ▁Lau per ' s ▁The ▁Body ▁Ac oustic ▁album ▁on ▁the ▁tracks ▁" I ' ll ▁Be ▁Your ▁River " ▁and ▁" S ister s ▁of ▁A val on ". ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁three ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁her ▁debut ▁album , ▁Green ▁released ▁her ▁second ▁studio ▁album ▁Viv ian . ▁It ▁featured ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁" G otta ▁Go ▁Got ta ▁Leave ▁( T ired )", ▁which ▁pe aked ▁at ▁No . ▁ 2 4 |
▁on ▁the ▁R & B ▁chart ▁and ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁dance ▁charts ▁The ▁song ▁also ▁chart ed ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Hot ▁Adult ▁Air play . ▁The ▁track ▁known ▁as ▁" I ▁Like ▁It ▁( But ▁I ▁Don ' t ▁Need ▁It )" ▁followed ▁up ▁as ▁the ▁album ' s ▁second ▁single . ▁The ▁song ▁followed ▁up ▁the ▁previous ▁single ' s ▁success ▁by ▁also ▁reaching ▁# 1 ▁on ▁the ▁dance ▁charts . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 1 : ▁Beautiful ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Green ▁appeared ▁on ▁G uru ' s ▁album ▁Jazz m ata zz , ▁Vol . ▁ 4 : ▁The ▁H ip - H op ▁Jazz ▁Mess enger : ▁Back ▁to ▁the ▁Future ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁" F ine ▁and ▁Free ". ▁While ▁performing ▁at ▁a ▁gig ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁her ▁second ▁album , ▁Green ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁currently ▁recording ▁her ▁third ▁full - length ▁album ▁on ▁K och ▁Records . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁she ▁signed ▁a ▁ 3 - album ▁deal ▁with ▁E 1 ▁Music ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁album ▁under ▁the ▁deal ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁in ▁Summer ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Her ▁third ▁album ▁titled ▁Beautiful ▁was ▁released ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁songs ▁explore ▁the ▁ins ▁and ▁outs ▁of ▁love ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁pers pectives , ▁from ▁the ▁youth ful ▁romantic ism ▁of ▁" Some where " ▁to |
▁the ▁play ful ▁insight ▁of ▁" So ▁Good " ▁and ▁" Bet ter ▁Man " ▁to ▁the ▁hard - won ▁intensity ▁of ▁" Master piece " ▁and ▁" Be aut iful ." ▁ ▁In ▁contrast ▁to ▁her ▁first ▁two ▁albums , ▁which ▁were ▁recorded ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁stud ios ▁with ▁multiple ▁producers , ▁Viv ian ▁approached ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁Beautiful ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁intimate , ▁organic ▁manner . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁" Save ▁Me ," ▁which ▁she ▁cut ▁with ▁Jason ▁Far mer ▁( Key sh ia ▁Cole , ▁Wy cle f ▁Jean , ▁R ih anna ) ▁in ▁the ▁producer ' s ▁seat , ▁Viv ian ▁recorded ▁the ▁entire ▁album ▁with ▁Gram my - nom inated ▁producer ▁Anthony ▁Bell , ▁a ▁long time ▁friend ▁and ▁collabor ator ▁who ▁made ▁key ▁production ▁contributions ▁to ▁her ▁first ▁two ▁albums , ▁and ▁whose ▁extensive ▁resume ▁also ▁includes ▁work ▁with ▁J az mine ▁Sull ivan , ▁Jew el , ▁Mus iq , ▁Ra he em ▁De V augh n ▁and ▁J ill ▁Scott . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁she ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Ph oe ▁Notes ▁for ▁a ▁winter ▁single ▁titled ▁" Missing ▁You ". ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁digit ally ▁on ▁December ▁ 9 . ▁Ph oe ▁Notes ▁and ▁Green ▁shot ▁a ▁video ▁for ▁the ▁track ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 . ▁Additionally , ▁she ▁recorded ▁the ▁track ▁" Keep ▁On ▁Going " ▁for ▁the ▁Good ▁Times ▁– ▁London ▁and ▁" Let ▁It ▁Burn " ▁for ▁the ▁Bird s ▁Eye ▁R |
idd im ▁comp il ations . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 3 : ▁The ▁Green ▁Room ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁her ▁single , ▁" Oh ▁Freedom " ▁for ▁the ▁Sound track ▁for ▁a ▁Revolution ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁she ▁did ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁collabor ations ▁which ▁included ▁" Love " ▁( w / Z ion ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Leg acy , ▁" La ▁La ▁Me ans ▁I ▁Love ▁You " ▁( w / B ob ▁Bald win ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁B etch a ▁By ▁G olly ▁Wow : ▁The ▁Songs ▁Of ▁Thom ▁Bell , ▁and ▁" St ill ▁Here " ▁( w / B rian ▁C ul ber ts on ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Dream s . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Green ▁released ▁" Any thing ▁Out ▁There " ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁from ▁her ▁fourth ▁album ▁The ▁Green ▁Room . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁she ▁under to ok ▁a ▁few ▁fest ivals ▁and ▁conc erts ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁TV ▁appearances ▁on ▁B ET ▁and ▁Cent ric ' s ▁music ▁series . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 6 : ▁ ▁V ivid ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁artist ▁signed ▁to ▁rap per |
/ produ cer ▁K w am é ' s ▁record ▁label , ▁Make ▁No ise ▁Record ings . ▁V ivid , ▁her ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁was ▁distributed ▁via ▁Caroline ▁Records . ▁On ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁released ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁" Get ▁Right ▁Back ▁to ▁My ▁Baby ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁" Get ▁Right ▁Back To ▁My ▁Baby " ▁went ▁to ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁on ▁Bill board ' s ▁U AC ▁chart . ▁Viv ian ▁was ▁also ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Award ▁. ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Viv ian ▁released ▁" G rown ▁Fol ks ▁Music ( Work " ▁which ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 5 ▁on ▁Bill board ' s ▁U AC ▁chart . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 – present : ▁V G VI ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Viv ian ▁Re leased ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁off ▁her ▁sixth ▁album ▁V G VI , ▁" I ▁Don ' t ▁Know ." ▁The ▁song ▁became ▁a ▁top - 1 0 ▁hit ▁on ▁Bill board ' s ▁Adult ▁R & B ▁chart . ▁V G VI ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Between ▁her ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁albums , ▁she ▁took ▁a ▁three - year ▁hi atus . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁she ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁her ▁son ▁Jordan . ▁Viv ian ▁is |
▁now ▁a ▁full - time ▁advocate ▁for ▁special ▁needs ▁children , ▁publicly ▁speaking ▁about ▁her ▁experiences . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁ ▁Studio ▁albums ▁ ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Viv ian ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Beautiful ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Green ▁Room ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁V ivid ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁V G VI ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Award ▁history ▁ ▁B ET ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Fem ale ▁Artist ▁( nom inated ) ▁ ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁S olo ▁R & B / S oul ▁Single ▁" Em ot ional ▁Roll er co aster " ▁( nom inated ) ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁S olo ▁R & B / S oul ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁( nom inated ) ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁S olo ▁R & B / S oul ▁or ▁Rap ▁New ▁Artist : ▁Viv ian ▁Green ▁( nom inated ) ▁ ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁Cent ric ▁Cert ified ▁Award ▁( nom inated ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁female ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : American ▁female |
▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁pian ists ▁Category : American ▁women ▁pian ists ▁Category : American ▁rhythm ▁and ▁blues ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : American ▁soul ▁sing ers ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ne o ▁soul ▁sing ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Philadelphia ▁Category : R hythm ▁and ▁blues ▁pian ists ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : S ong writ ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : American ▁contemporary ▁R & B ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁sing ers ▁Category : B all ad ▁musicians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁pian ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Cross ab eg ▁or ▁C ros ab eg ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁County ▁W ex ford , ▁Ireland , ▁just ▁north ▁of ▁W ex ford ▁town . ▁It ▁contains ▁The ▁For ge ▁Story t elling ▁House , ▁F ole y ' s ▁Pub , ▁St ▁Patrick , ▁St ▁Brig id ▁and ▁St ▁Kill ian ' s ▁ ▁Catholic ▁church ▁with ▁ad join ing ▁c emetery ▁and ▁a ▁primary ▁school . ▁ ▁Sport ▁Est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁ ▁Cross ab eg ▁A . F . C . ▁have ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Senior ▁teams ▁and ▁their ▁facilities ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁New castle . ▁The ▁facilities |
▁include ▁ 2 ▁full ▁size ▁junior ▁playing ▁surfaces , ▁ 1 ▁under ▁ 1 0 ▁pitch , ▁a ▁grass ▁training ▁pitch ▁and ▁an ▁all ▁weather ▁surface ▁training ▁pitch . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁Among ▁tourist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Cross ab eg ▁are ▁F erry c arr ig ▁Castle ▁and ▁the ▁four - star ▁F erry c arr ig ▁Hotel ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁setting ▁over looking ▁the ▁River ▁Sl an ey . ▁ ▁Cross ab eg ▁also ▁contains ▁F erry c arr ig ▁Park , ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁Ireland ▁First ▁Division ▁team ▁W ex ford ▁FC , ▁and ▁Women ' s ▁National ▁League ▁team ▁W ex ford ▁Youth s ▁W FC . ▁ ▁Public ▁transport ▁Bus ▁É ire ann ▁route ▁ 3 8 0 ▁serves ▁the ▁village ▁on ▁Fr idays ▁providing ▁a ▁link ▁to ▁W ex ford ▁via ▁Castle bridge . ▁The ▁nearest ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁W ex ford ▁railway ▁station ▁approximately ▁ 9 ▁kilometres ▁distant . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁County ▁W ex ford <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁first ▁seeds ▁Es na ▁Boy d ▁and ▁M ery l ▁O ' H ara ▁Wood ▁defeated ▁second - seed ed ▁D aph ne ▁Ak h urst ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁C ox ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 8 , ▁ 8 – 6 ▁in ▁the ▁final , ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles ▁tennis ▁title ▁at ▁the |
▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Austral as ian ▁Championships . ▁ ▁Se eds ▁▁▁ ▁Es na ▁Boy d ▁/ ▁ ▁M ery l ▁O ' H ara ▁Wood ▁( Ch ampions ) ▁▁ ▁D aph ne ▁Ak h urst ▁/ ▁ ▁Mar jor ie ▁C ox ▁( Final ) ▁▁ ▁Sylv ia ▁Harper ▁/ ▁ ▁Minn ie ▁Richard son ▁( Sem if inals ) ▁▁ ▁Kath leen ▁Le ▁Mess ur ier ▁/ ▁ ▁Dor othy ▁West on ▁( Sem if inals ) ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁Most ▁likely ▁Fl ora ▁R owe , ▁mother ▁of ▁Ernest ▁R owe . ▁ ▁Most ▁likely . ▁Often ▁sp elled ▁Miss ▁C . ▁Fin l ays on , ▁even ▁in ▁sources ▁that ▁mentioned ▁her ▁as ▁Miss ▁M . ▁Fin l ays on ▁in ▁other ▁articles . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Source ▁for ▁seed ings ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁tennis ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁Australian ▁tennis ▁Australian ▁Championships ▁- ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁Australian ▁women ' s ▁sport <0x0A> </s> ▁She y bl uy - e ▁O ly a ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁She y bl ū y - e ▁‘ O ly ā ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁She b ī l ū - ye ▁‘ O ly ā ▁and ▁She y bl ū - ye ▁B ā l ā ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ge j lar at - e ▁Shar q i ▁R |
ural ▁District , ▁Ar as ▁District , ▁P old as ht ▁County , ▁West ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 7 6 , ▁in ▁ 6 4 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁P old as ht ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁East ▁Penn ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁East ▁Penn ▁Township , ▁Car bon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁East ▁Penn s bor o ▁Township , ▁C umber land ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁Eastern ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁Dylan ▁Richard ▁Light bour n ▁( born ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Bah am ian ▁football er ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁the ▁George ▁Washington ▁Col on ials ▁and ▁the ▁Bah amas ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Light bour n ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁international ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Bah amas ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁playing ▁all ▁nin ety ▁minutes ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 1 ▁home ▁draw ▁with ▁Ang u illa . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁George ▁Washington ▁University ▁Athlet ics ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B ah am ian ▁football ers ▁Category : B ah amas ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Ge orge ▁Washington ▁Col on ials ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁" Be au ▁so |
ir " ▁( F rench ▁for ▁" Be aut iful ▁Even ing ") ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁art ▁song ▁written ▁by ▁Claude ▁Deb ussy . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁setting ▁of ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Paul ▁Bour get . ▁ ▁L yrics ▁Lors que ▁au ▁sole il ▁cou chant ▁les ▁riv i ères ▁sont ▁ro ses ▁Et ▁qu ' un ▁ti ède ▁fr isson ▁court ▁sur ▁les ▁ch amps ▁de ▁bl é , ▁Un ▁conse il ▁d ' être ▁he ure ux ▁sem ble ▁sort ir ▁des ▁ch oses ▁Et ▁mon ter ▁vers ▁le ▁co eur ▁trou bl é . ▁ ▁Un ▁conse il ▁de ▁go û ter ▁le ▁char me ▁d ' être ▁au ▁monde ▁C ependant ▁qu ' on ▁est ▁je une ▁et ▁que ▁le ▁so ir ▁est ▁be au , ▁Car ▁nous ▁nous ▁en ▁all ons , ▁comme ▁s ' en ▁va ▁cette ▁onde : ▁Elle ▁à ▁la ▁mer , ▁nous ▁au ▁tom be au . ▁ ▁L iteral ▁translation ▁ ▁Where ▁the ▁riv u lets ▁are ▁ro sy ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun , ▁And ▁a ▁mild ▁trem or ▁runs ▁over ▁the ▁wheat ▁fields , ▁An ▁exh ort ation ▁to ▁be ▁happy ▁seems ▁to ▁em an ate ▁from ▁things ▁And ▁r ises ▁towards ▁the ▁trou bled ▁heart . ▁ ▁An ▁exh ort ation ▁to ▁enjoy ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁being ▁alive ▁While ▁one ▁is ▁young ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁we ▁are ▁going ▁on , ▁as ▁this ▁stream ▁goes ▁on : ▁The ▁stream ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . |
▁ ▁Less ▁literal ▁and ▁more ▁col lo qu ial ▁translation ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁rivers ▁are ▁ro sy ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁And ▁a ▁warm ▁shiver ▁runs ▁over ▁the ▁wheat ▁fields , ▁Adv ice ▁to ▁be ▁happy ▁seems ▁to ▁rise ▁up ▁from ▁things ▁And ▁climb ▁toward ▁the ▁trou bled ▁heart . ▁ ▁Adv ice ▁to ▁taste ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁being ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁While ▁one ▁is ▁young ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁we ▁are ▁going ▁away , ▁as ▁this ▁stream ▁goes ▁away : ▁The ▁stream ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Po etic ▁translation ▁ ▁When ▁streams ▁turn ▁pink ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁And ▁a ▁slight ▁sh udder ▁r ushes ▁through ▁the ▁wheat ▁fields , ▁A ▁ple a ▁for ▁happiness ▁seems ▁to ▁rise ▁out ▁of ▁all ▁things ▁And ▁it ▁clim bs ▁up ▁towards ▁the ▁trou bled ▁heart . ▁ ▁A ▁ple a ▁to ▁rel ish ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁life ▁While ▁there ▁is ▁youth ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁fair , ▁For ▁we ▁pass ▁away , ▁as ▁the ▁wave ▁passes : ▁The ▁wave ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Common ly ▁used ▁by ▁cho irs ▁ ▁When ▁' neath ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁gl ows ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁evening ▁And ▁the ▁warm ▁summer ▁wind ▁bl ows ▁out ▁across ▁the ▁fields , ▁And ▁it ▁calls ▁us ▁and ▁tells ▁us ▁to ▁be ▁happy ▁And ▁it ▁clim bs ▁up ▁towards ▁the ▁trou bled ▁heart . ▁ ▁A ▁ple a ▁to ▁rel ish ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁life ▁While ▁there ▁is ▁youth |
▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁fair , ▁For ▁we ▁shall ▁go ▁away , ▁like ▁water ▁that ▁is ▁flowing : ▁Into ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁tomb . ▁ ▁Sim pl ified ▁translation ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁sun ▁sets ▁rivers ▁run ▁red ▁A ▁lu ke w arm ▁qu iver ▁through ▁fields ▁of ▁wheat , ▁' Be ▁happy ' ▁seems ▁to ▁sort ▁things ▁out ▁Com es ▁close ▁to ▁a ▁trou bled ▁heart . ▁ ▁' T aste ▁the ▁joy ' ▁of ▁being ▁alive ▁While ▁we ▁are ▁young ▁the ▁evening ▁still ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁on ▁we ▁go , ▁as ▁goes ▁this ▁wave : ▁She ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁us ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁" Be au ▁so ir " ▁(" Be aut iful ▁Even ing ") ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Paul ▁Bour get . ▁The ▁poem ▁pain ts ▁the ▁picture ▁of ▁a ▁beautiful ▁evening ▁where ▁the ▁rivers ▁are ▁turned ▁rose - colored ▁by ▁the ▁sun set ▁and ▁the ▁wheat ▁fields ▁are ▁moved ▁by ▁a ▁warm ▁breeze . ▁Deb ussy ▁uses ▁a ▁gently ▁flowing ▁tri plet ▁rhythm ▁in ▁the ▁accompan iment , ▁which ▁contrast s ▁the ▁dup lets ▁that ▁drive ▁the ▁light ▁mel ody . ▁The ▁piano ▁and ▁voice ▁partner ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁sensation ▁of ▁peace ▁that ▁one ▁might ▁feel ▁in ▁the ▁evening ▁in ▁nature , ▁fitting ▁the ▁post - Rom antic ▁style . ▁As ▁any ▁evening ▁f ades , ▁however , ▁so ▁does ▁the ▁mood ▁of ▁the ▁piece , ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁mod ulates ▁from ▁E ▁major ▁to ▁F - sh arp |
▁minor . ▁The ▁piece ▁reaches ▁its ▁clim ax ▁when ▁the ▁mel ody ▁reaches ▁a ▁high ▁F - sh arp , ▁pa ired ▁with ▁the ▁word ▁" be au ". ▁The ▁combination ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁and ▁mel ody ▁power fully ▁dep icts ▁the ▁beauty ▁of ▁the ▁sun . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁long ▁thought ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁Deb ussy ' s ▁first ▁composition , ▁written ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 5 ▁or ▁ 1 6 ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁or ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁to ▁impress ▁a ▁girl ▁he ▁liked , ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁shown ▁that ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁actually ▁written ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁around ▁ 2 8 ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁or ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁and ▁already ▁an ▁accomplished ▁composer , ▁though ▁he ▁had ▁yet ▁to ▁write ▁his ▁major ▁break - through ▁compos itions . ▁ ▁Record ings ▁ ▁" Be au ▁so ir " ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁many ▁sing ers , ▁including ▁Bar bra ▁Stre is and ▁( on ▁her ▁album ▁Class ical ▁Bar bra ), ▁Maggie ▁T ey te , ▁V é ron ique ▁G ens , ▁Gi useppe ▁De ▁Luc a , ▁Diet rich ▁F ischer - D ies k au , ▁Ren ée ▁F lem ing , ▁Jess ye ▁Norman ▁( last ▁track ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁An ▁Even ing ▁With ▁Jess ye ▁Norman ), ▁and ▁Diana ▁Dam ra u . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁successfully ▁arranged ▁for ▁various ▁instruments , ▁including ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁by ▁J |
as cha ▁He if etz ▁and ▁cell o ▁and ▁piano ▁by ▁Julian ▁Lloyd ▁Web ber . ▁ ▁Use ▁in ▁other ▁media ▁ ▁The ▁piece ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁back drop ▁near ▁the ▁very ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁film ▁The ▁Jazz ▁S inger , ▁which ▁is ▁generally ▁cred ited ▁as ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁" talk ie " ▁motion ▁picture . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁film ▁All ▁About ▁Eve . ▁ ▁An ▁arrangement ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁or chestra ▁and ▁voice ▁by ▁Larry ▁May field ▁was ▁the ▁theme ▁song ▁of ▁religious ▁DJ ▁Bill ▁Pear ce ' s ▁N ights ounds ▁broadcast ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁An ▁arrangement ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁solo ▁piano ▁by ▁Ko ji ▁Att wood ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁pian ists ▁Michael ▁Lew in ▁and ▁Ernest ▁So . ▁ ▁The ▁piece ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁performance ▁with ▁Gust av ▁K lim t - like ▁decor ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁episode ▁" The ▁Master ▁Black mail er " ▁from ▁the ▁TV - series ▁Sher lock ▁Holmes . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁She et ▁music ▁for ▁" Be au ▁so ir " ▁ ▁Category : Com pos itions ▁by ▁Claude ▁Deb ussy ▁Category : F rench ▁songs <0x0A> </s> ▁Case y ▁Hill ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁He ▁last ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Cl |
ip pers ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Basket ball ▁Association , ▁hired ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Hill ▁previously ▁served ▁four ▁years ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors ▁of ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁Case y ▁Hill ▁played ▁for ▁Tr inity ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio ▁ ▁during ▁Hill ' s ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁Tr inity ▁player ▁( from ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ) ▁the ▁Tig ers ▁advanced ▁three ▁times ▁to ▁the ▁NC AA ▁Division ▁III ▁Play offs . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 ▁team ▁ended ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁NC AA ▁Div . III ▁El ite ▁Eight . ▁Tr inity ▁also ▁captured ▁two ▁Southern ▁Col leg iate ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁Championships ▁with ▁Hill ▁as ▁a ▁player . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁season ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁basketball ▁coach ▁to ▁his ▁father ▁– ▁long time ▁NBA ▁coach ▁Bob ▁Hill ▁– ▁for ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Apache . ▁The ▁Tokyo ▁Apache ▁were ▁a ▁basketball ▁team ▁which ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁top - level ▁Japanese ▁professional ▁League . ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁State ▁War riors ▁hired ▁him ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁season ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Apache . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 ▁Case y ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach |
▁for ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Hill ▁led ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁to ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League ▁Championship ▁. ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Case y ▁Hill ' s ▁father ▁is ▁Bob ▁Hill , ▁a ▁college , ▁NBA ▁and ▁international ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁ ▁Hill ▁has ▁two ▁brothers . ▁The ▁oldest , ▁Cameron , ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁head ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁CH B , ▁special izing ▁in ▁player ▁development ▁and ▁team ▁training . ▁The ▁other ▁brother , ▁Chris , ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁Jes uit ▁College ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁of ▁Dallas . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A gu a ▁Cal iente ▁Cl ip pers ▁coaches ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁basketball ▁people ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coaches ▁Category : Los ▁Angeles ▁Cl ip pers ▁assistant ▁coaches ▁Category : S anta ▁Cruz ▁War riors ▁coaches ▁Category : Tr inity ▁Tig ers ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁X tr acy cle ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁company ▁and ▁the ▁name ▁commonly ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁variety ▁of ▁load - car rying ▁bicy cle , ▁a ▁long tail ▁or ▁a ▁long b ike , ▁that ▁results ▁from ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁company ' s |
▁products : ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁kit , ▁complete ▁long - frame ▁bicy cles ▁and ▁associated ▁accessories . ▁Web ▁for ums ▁and ▁blogs ▁often ▁use ▁the ▁sh orth and ▁X tr ab ike , ▁X tra , ▁or ▁simply ▁X ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁either ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁extension ▁or ▁the ▁entire ▁extended ▁bicy cle . ▁An ▁X tr acy cle ▁may ▁be ▁constructed ▁by ▁mod ifying ▁an ▁existing ▁bicy cle ▁with ▁a ▁Free ▁Rad ical ▁extension , ▁or ▁by ▁custom - building ▁an ▁extended - tail ▁bicy cle ▁frame . ▁ ▁D if ferences ▁from ▁other ▁load - car rying ▁bicy cles ▁While ▁the ▁X tr acy cle ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁standard ▁hard tail ▁diamond ▁frame ▁with ▁ 2 6 - inch ▁or ▁ 6 2 2 mm ▁( 7 0 0 c ) ▁wheels , ▁the ▁X tr acy cle ▁diff ers ▁from ▁other ▁load - car rying ▁bicy cles ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁employ ▁a ▁handle bar ▁basket , ▁p ann iers , ▁or ▁a ▁bicy cle ▁trailer . ▁B ask ets ▁are ▁easy ▁to ▁attach ▁and ▁allow ▁st owing ▁of ▁cargo ▁in ▁plain ▁view . ▁P ann iers ▁are ▁often ▁water t ight ▁or ▁water ▁res istant , ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁easily ▁removed ▁from ▁their ▁r acks ▁and ▁carried ▁as ▁lug gage . ▁While ▁trail ers ▁come ▁in ▁many ▁designs ▁and ▁allow ▁a ▁bicy cle ▁to ▁pull ▁a ▁significant ▁amount ▁of ▁cargo , ▁an ▁X tr acy cle ▁allows ▁for ▁more ▁st ow age ▁of ▁large |
▁containers ▁directly ▁on ▁the ▁extended ▁frame ▁of ▁the ▁bicy cle ▁itself . ▁X tr acy cles ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁" s port ▁utility ▁bicy cles " ▁for ▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁carry ▁larger ▁loads ▁than ▁a ▁normal ▁bicy cles ▁having ▁b ask ets ▁or ▁p ann iers , ▁while ▁also ▁maintaining ▁the ▁" s port y " ▁man eu ver ability ▁of ▁conventional ▁" short " ▁b ikes . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁spin - offs ▁The ▁Free Rad ical ▁was ▁con ceived ▁by ▁Ross ▁Evans ▁at ▁Stanford ▁University ▁and ▁developed ▁during ▁his ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s ▁managing ▁a ▁" B ikes ▁Not ▁B om bs " ▁project ▁in ▁Nic ar ag ua , ▁where ▁having ▁a ▁bicy cle ▁enh ances ▁a ▁person ' s ▁employment ▁opportunities . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Evans ▁and ▁his ▁friend ▁K ip ch oge ▁Spencer ▁created ▁X tr acy cle ▁Inc ▁to ▁manufact ure ▁and ▁market ▁the ▁invention , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁non profit ▁organization , ▁World b ike , ▁devoted ▁to ▁encourage ▁a ▁bicy cle - cent ric ▁lifestyle ▁and ▁culture . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁qual ifies ▁as ▁an ▁after market ▁bike ▁access ory , ▁its ▁growing ▁acceptance ▁has ▁spark ed ▁an ▁X tr acy cle ▁after market ▁not ▁formally ▁connected ▁with ▁X tr acy cle ▁Inc : ▁varieties ▁of ▁specialized ▁kick stand s , ▁electric - ass ist ▁mot ors , ▁and ▁even ▁bike - mount ed ▁bl enders ▁have ▁come ▁to |
▁market , ▁even ▁though ▁each ▁requires ▁the ▁prior ▁purchase ▁of ▁a ▁Free Rad ical ▁or ▁other ▁X tr acy cle - compatible ▁frame ▁to ▁function ▁properly . ▁ ▁Big ▁D ummy ▁ ▁X tr acy cle ▁Inc ▁has ▁worked ▁with ▁various ▁bicy cle ▁manufacturers ▁to ▁build ▁purpose - built ▁extended ▁bicy cles ▁compatible ▁with ▁their ▁accessories . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁to ▁actually ▁produce ▁and ▁market ▁an ▁integrated ▁X tr acy cle ▁frames et ▁was ▁Sur ly ▁B ikes ▁with ▁the ▁Big ▁D ummy . ▁X In c ▁continues ▁to ▁form ▁similar ▁c oven ants ▁with ▁manufacturers ▁in ▁all ▁price ▁ranges , ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁making ▁the ▁X tr acy cle ▁less ▁of ▁a ▁n iche ▁product ▁and ▁more ▁mainstream . ▁X In c ▁is ▁also ▁working ▁on ▁Free Rad ical ▁attach ments ▁s ized ▁for ▁children ' s ▁and ▁youth s ' ▁bicy cles ▁on ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁" catch ▁' em ▁young ▁and ▁train ▁' em ▁right ." ▁ ▁Other ▁applications ▁for ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁have ▁included ▁link ing ▁two ▁X tr acy cles ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁mobile ▁stage ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁par ades ▁and ▁street ▁f airs , ▁and ▁a ▁computer ized ▁ch alk pow der - pr inter ▁device ▁mounted ▁on ▁an ▁X tr acy cle ▁that ▁leaves ▁a ▁dot - matrix ▁trail ▁of ▁messages ▁on ▁the ▁street . ▁ ▁Open ▁source ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁X tr acy cle ▁put ▁their ▁long tail ▁bike ▁frame ▁specific ations ▁online . ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁project |
▁to ▁open ▁source ▁their ▁long tail ▁frame ▁design . ▁They ’ ve ▁created ▁a ▁Long tail ▁Standard ▁and ▁logo ing ▁to ▁allow ▁vendors ▁to ▁design ▁their ▁products ▁to ▁fit ▁in ▁the ▁X tr acy cle ▁Free Rad ical ▁ecosystem . ▁The ▁" Long tail ▁Technology " ▁logo ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁b ikes , ▁accessories ▁or ▁packaging . ▁The ▁open ▁sour cing ▁of ▁the ▁pat ented ▁technology ▁was ▁meant ▁to ▁stim ulate ▁the ▁cargo ▁bike ▁movement , ▁while ▁developing ▁a ▁standard ▁for ▁" long tail " ▁frames ▁and ▁accessories . ▁Several ▁frame ▁and ▁access ory ▁m akers ▁have ▁adopted ▁the ▁standards , ▁while ▁others ▁have ▁developed ▁competing ▁and ▁in compatible ▁long - frame ▁cargo ▁bike ▁designs . ▁However , ▁the ▁documents ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁freely ▁available , ▁and ▁now ▁require ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁X tr acy cle ▁first . ▁ ▁Products ▁ ▁Free Rad ical ▁ ▁The ▁Free Rad ical ▁is ▁an ▁ext ender ▁for ▁a ▁bicy cle . ▁ ▁Rad ish ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁Rad ish ▁was ▁launched ▁by ▁X tr acy cle . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁production ▁long - tail ▁bicy cle ▁with ▁a ▁low - stand over ▁height ▁frame ▁and ▁matching ▁Free Rad ical . ▁ ▁Edge Runner ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁Edge Runner ▁is ▁a ▁second ▁generation ▁cargo ▁bicy cle ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 0 " ▁rear ▁wheel . ▁The ▁Edge Runner ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁the ▁" Best ▁long tail ▁ever . ▁No ▁contest ." ▁ ▁C argo J oe ▁In ▁ |
2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁C argo J oe ▁is ▁a ▁fold ing ▁cargo ▁bike ▁developed ▁in ▁a ▁partnership ▁between ▁X tr acy cle ▁and ▁T ern . ▁ ▁Side car ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁X tr acy cle ▁created ▁a ▁side car ▁for ▁cargo ▁transport ▁that ▁can ▁carry ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 5 0 ▁pounds . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁B icy cle ▁L ug gage ▁carrier ▁ ▁Electric ▁bicy cle ▁Fre ight ▁bicy cle ▁ ▁Out line ▁of ▁cycl ing ▁ ▁Mod ular ▁design ▁ ▁Open - hard ware ▁vehicle ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁links ▁to ▁cargo - car rying ▁b ikes ▁ ▁World B ike ▁non profit ▁organization ▁that ▁prom otes ▁bicy cle - cent ric ▁lifestyle ▁ ▁The ▁G inger ▁Nin jas ▁band ▁led ▁by ▁K ip ch oge ▁Spencer ▁ ▁B ike ▁Hug ger ▁B ett ie , ▁a ▁Sport ▁Ut ility ▁B ike ▁project ▁using ▁the ▁X tr acy cle ▁ ▁Sur ly ' s ▁page ▁describing ▁the ▁Big ▁D ummy ▁frames et ▁ ▁X tr acy cle ▁Gallery — G allery ▁of ▁X tr acy cle ▁pictures ▁ ▁Category : C ycle ▁types ▁Category : Mod ular ▁design <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁fluid ▁dynamics , ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁( C a ) ▁is ▁a ▁dimension less ▁quantity ▁representing ▁the ▁relative ▁effect ▁of ▁vis c ous ▁drag ▁forces ▁versus ▁surface ▁tension ▁forces ▁acting ▁across ▁an ▁interface ▁between ▁a ▁liquid ▁and ▁a ▁gas , ▁or ▁between ▁two ▁imm isc |
ible ▁liqu ids . ▁For ▁example , ▁an ▁air ▁bubble ▁in ▁a ▁liquid ▁flow ▁tends ▁to ▁be ▁de formed ▁by ▁the ▁fr iction ▁of ▁the ▁liquid ▁flow ▁due ▁to ▁vis cos ity ▁effects , ▁but ▁the ▁surface ▁tension ▁forces ▁tend ▁to ▁minimize ▁the ▁surface ▁area . ▁The ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁is ▁defined ▁as : ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁dynamic ▁vis cos ity ▁of ▁the ▁liquid , ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁characteristic ▁velocity ▁and ▁▁ ▁is ▁the ▁surface ▁tension ▁or ▁inter fac ial ▁tension ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁fluid ▁phases . ▁ ▁Being ▁a ▁dimension less ▁quantity , ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁number ' s ▁value ▁does ▁not ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁units . ▁In ▁the ▁pet role um ▁industry , ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁is ▁denoted ▁ ▁instead ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁For ▁low ▁cap ill ary ▁numbers ▁( a ▁rule ▁of ▁thumb ▁says ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 0 − 5 ), ▁flow ▁in ▁por ous ▁media ▁is ▁dominated ▁by ▁cap ill ary ▁forces , ▁whereas ▁for ▁high ▁cap ill ary ▁numbers ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁forces ▁are ▁negl igible ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁vis c ous ▁forces . ▁Flow ▁through ▁the ▁po res ▁in ▁an ▁oil ▁field ▁reserv oir ▁have ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁on ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 1 0 − 6 , ▁whereas ▁flow ▁of ▁oil ▁through ▁an ▁oil ▁well ▁dr ill ▁pipe ▁has ▁a ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁on ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁plays ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁dynamics ▁of ▁cap ill |
ary ▁flow ; ▁in ▁particular , ▁it ▁govern s ▁the ▁dynamic ▁contact ▁angle ▁of ▁a ▁flowing ▁dro plet ▁at ▁an ▁interface . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bond ▁number ▁ ▁Reyn olds ▁number ▁ ▁Cap ill ary ▁pressure ▁ ▁F rou de ▁number ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Dimension less ▁numbers ▁of ▁fluid ▁mechanics <0x0A> </s> ▁Dest ine e ▁& ▁Paris ▁were ▁an ▁American ▁pop ▁music ▁du o ▁composed ▁of ▁singer - s ong writer ▁sisters ▁Dest ine e ▁and ▁Paris ▁Mon roe , ▁who ▁are ▁former ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁teen ▁pop ▁girl ▁group ▁C lique ▁Girl z . ▁They ▁formed ▁the ▁group ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁were ▁signed ▁to ▁Inter scope ▁Records . ▁Born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁E gg ▁Harbor ▁Township , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁now ▁Los ▁Angeles - based , ▁the ▁sisters ▁c ite ▁their ▁influences ▁as ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars , ▁Michael ▁Jackson , ▁Christ ina ▁A gu il era , ▁Bey on cé , ▁Kat y ▁Perry , ▁R ih anna , ▁and ▁G wen ▁Ste f ani . ▁ ▁Members ▁ ▁Dest ine e ▁Mon roe ▁Dest ine e ▁Ra é ▁Mon roe ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁" rock ▁girl " ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁Her ▁symbol ▁was ▁a ▁star ▁because ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁little ▁she ▁had ▁something ▁in ▁her ▁eye ▁and ▁her ▁mom ▁said ▁ ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁star . ▁Her ▁signature ▁color ▁was ▁blue . ▁She ' s ▁the ▁oldest |
▁sister . ▁Dest ine e ' s ▁h obb ies ▁include ▁singing ▁and ▁playing ▁guitar , ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano . ▁ ▁Paris ▁Mon roe ▁Paris ▁Quinn ▁Mon roe ▁( born ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁" pr in cess " ▁of ▁the ▁group , ▁and ▁her ▁symbol ▁was ▁a ▁crown , ▁which ▁she ▁said ▁she ▁loved ▁as ▁a ▁fashion ▁statement . ▁Her ▁signature ▁color ▁was ▁pink . ▁She ' s ▁the ▁youngest ▁sister . ▁She ▁also ▁plays ▁the ▁piano . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Dest ine e ▁& ▁Paris ▁were ▁the ▁backing ▁vocal ists ▁for ▁Season ▁ 1 0 ▁of ▁American ▁Id ol ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁Disney ▁Channel ' s ▁So ▁Random ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁They ▁were ▁an ▁opening ▁act ▁for ▁the ▁later ▁U . S . ▁dates ▁and ▁the ▁entire ▁European ▁leg ▁of ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars ' ▁Fem me ▁Fat ale ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Dest ine e ▁& ▁Paris ▁performed ▁on ▁American ▁Id ol - w inner ▁Scot ty ▁McC re ery ' s ▁first ▁single ▁" I ▁Love ▁You ▁This ▁Big " ▁and ▁contributed ▁the ▁song ▁" I ' m ▁on ▁a ▁Roll " ▁to ▁the ▁sound track ▁of ▁Des pic able ▁Me . ▁Inter scope ▁released ▁their ▁first ▁single , ▁" True ▁Love ", ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" True ▁Love " ▁was ▁directed ▁by |
▁Steven ▁Ant in ▁and ▁has ▁ 1 , 7 2 4 , 6 5 2 ▁views ▁as ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁they ▁were ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁working ▁on ▁their ▁first ▁album , ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mine , ▁with ▁producer ▁Red One , ▁but ▁it ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁no ▁further ▁developments ▁in ▁their ▁career ▁since ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁As ▁lead ▁artist ▁ ▁Other ▁appearances ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : American ▁musical ▁du os ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Category : S ibling ▁musical ▁du os <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Le high ▁Switch back ▁Rail - Tra il ▁is ▁a ▁rail ▁trail ▁in ▁Jim ▁Thor pe , ▁PA . ▁ ▁The ▁trail ▁surface ▁is ▁natural , ▁consisting ▁of ▁dirt , ▁roots , ▁rocks , ▁and ▁occasional ▁coal ▁chunks . ▁The ▁trail ▁runs ▁down hill ▁on ▁the ▁ ▁former ▁right - of - way ▁of ▁the ▁M auch ▁Ch unk ▁Switch back ▁Railway ▁from ▁Sum mit ▁Hill ▁to ▁Jim ▁Thor pe . ▁ ▁Loc ated ▁mid way ▁on ▁the ▁trail ▁is ▁ ▁M auch ▁Ch unk ▁Lake ▁Park ▁which ▁provides ▁parking ▁for ▁h iking ▁& ▁b iking ▁up ▁and ▁down ▁the ▁trail . ▁ ▁Several ▁bicy cle ▁outfit ters ▁in ▁the |
▁area ▁provide ▁bike ▁rental ▁and ▁shut tle ▁services ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁Sum mit ▁Hill ▁that ▁allows ▁r iders ▁to ▁enjoy ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁down hill ▁ride ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Jim ▁Thor pe . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Gr avity ▁rail road ▁ ▁Official ▁Trail ▁web ▁site ▁ ▁P oc ono ▁White water ▁Local ▁bike ▁shut tle ▁service ▁ ▁Blue ▁Mountain ▁Sports ▁ ▁Local ▁bike ▁shut tle ▁service ▁ ▁R ails - to ▁Tra ils ▁R ails - to - Tra ils ▁page ▁for ▁the ▁Switch back ▁ ▁Category : R ail ▁trails ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : National ▁Rec reation ▁Tra ils ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Prote cted ▁areas ▁of ▁Car bon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁Dick ie ▁Ray ▁N oles ▁( born ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁pitch er ▁with ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies , ▁Chicago ▁Cub s , ▁Texas ▁Rangers , ▁Cleveland ▁Indians , ▁Detroit ▁Tig ers ▁and ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Ori oles ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁He ▁batt ed ▁and ▁threw ▁right - handed . ▁Today ▁N oles ▁is ▁a ▁born - again ▁Christian ▁and ▁works ▁for ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies . ▁ ▁N oles ▁was ▁an ▁effective ▁relief ▁pitch er ▁for ▁the ▁Phill ies ' ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁World ▁Series ▁championship ▁team . ▁In ▁Game ▁ 4 ▁of ▁that ▁series , ▁N oles ▁came ▁on ▁in |
▁relief ▁of ▁Larry ▁Christ enson ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁in ning ▁with ▁only ▁one ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁Phill ies ▁down ▁ 4 – 0 ▁to ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Roy als . ▁N oles ▁pit ched ▁the ▁next ▁ 4 ▁inn ings ▁and ▁gave ▁up ▁another ▁run , ▁but ▁is ▁most ▁remembered ▁for ▁throwing ▁a ▁fast ball ▁under ▁George ▁Bre tt ' s ▁chin ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁in ning ▁that ▁prompt ed ▁a ▁warning ▁by ▁the ▁u mp ires ▁to ▁both ▁teams . ▁Bre tt ▁struck ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁at - bat ▁and ▁had ▁only ▁three ▁singles ▁and ▁one ▁R BI ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁series . ▁The ▁brush back ▁incident ▁is ▁looked ▁upon ▁as ▁the ▁turning ▁point ▁in ▁that ▁series ▁for ▁the ▁Phill ies . ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁season , ▁N oles ▁was ▁traded ▁along ▁with ▁Keith ▁More land ▁to ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Cub s ▁for ▁pitch er ▁Mike ▁K ru kow ▁and ▁cash . ▁N oles ▁had ▁an ▁effective ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁st arter ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁going ▁ 1 0 – 1 3 . ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁however , ▁N oles ' ▁alcohol ▁problems ▁began ▁to ▁surface . ▁He ▁and ▁a ▁Cub s ▁team mate ▁drunk en ly ▁assault ed ▁a ▁police ▁officer ▁after ▁a ▁game ▁and ▁N oles ▁severely ▁injured ▁his ▁left ▁knee . ▁N oles ▁spent ▁ 1 6 ▁days ▁in ▁jail , ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁enter ▁alcohol ▁re habil itation , ▁and ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁pay |
▁a ▁substantial ▁amount ▁of ▁his ▁baseball ▁earnings ▁in ▁an ▁en su ing ▁civil ▁suit . ▁ ▁N oles ▁reports ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁sober ▁since ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁incident . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁N oles ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁four ▁players ▁in ▁history ▁to ▁be ▁" tr aded ▁for ▁himself ", ▁joining ▁Harry ▁Ch iti , ▁Brad ▁G ul den , ▁and ▁John ▁McDonald . ▁N oles ▁was ▁traded ▁from ▁the ▁Cub s ▁to ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Tig ers ▁for ▁a ▁player ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁later . ▁ 3 3 ▁days ▁later , ▁the ▁teams ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁agree ▁on ▁what ▁player ▁Chicago ▁would ▁receive , ▁and ▁so ▁N oles ▁was ▁shipped ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Cub s , ▁completing ▁a ▁deal ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁traded ▁for ▁himself . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁pitch ers ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Phil adelphia ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Ch icago ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : Tex as ▁Rangers ▁players ▁Category : C leveland ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : Det roit ▁Tig ers ▁players ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Ori oles ▁players ▁Category : A ub urn ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Pen insula ▁Pil ots ▁players ▁Category : Read ing ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : O klahoma ▁City ▁ 8 9 |
ers ▁players ▁Category : Sc rant on / W il kes - Bar re ▁Red ▁Bar ons ▁players ▁Category : M aine ▁Gu ides ▁players ▁Category : S part an burg ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Col umb us ▁Cl ip pers ▁players ▁Category : R oche ster ▁Red ▁W ings ▁players ▁Category : Qu ad ▁C ities ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : P itt s field ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : I owa ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Charlotte , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Chicago <0x0A> </s> ▁Gary ▁Nick l aus ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁gol fer . ▁He ▁spent ▁three ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 3 . ▁After ▁an ▁ 1 1 ▁year ▁st int ▁in ▁the ▁am ateurs , ▁Nick l aus ▁returned ▁to ▁pro ▁ranks ▁on ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Champions ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁ 1 0 ▁days ▁after ▁his ▁ 5 0 th ▁birthday . ▁He ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁gol fer ▁Jack ▁Nick l aus . ▁ ▁Am ateur ▁and ▁college ▁golf ▁career ▁The ▁fourth ▁of ▁Jack ▁and ▁Barbara ▁Nick l aus ' s ▁five ▁children , ▁Gary ▁was ▁viewed ▁from ▁a ▁young ▁age ▁as ▁the ▁most ▁likely ▁he ir ▁to ▁his ▁father ' s ▁golf ing ▁legacy . ▁He ▁beat ▁his ▁father ▁for ▁the |
▁first ▁time ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁fifteen ▁and ▁won ▁many ▁junior ▁tour naments . ▁At ▁age ▁sixteen , ▁Gary ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁cover ▁of ▁Sports ▁Ill ustr ated ▁b illed ▁as ▁" The ▁Next ▁Nick l aus ". ▁ ▁Like ▁his ▁father , ▁the ▁younger ▁Nick l aus ▁attended ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁All ▁American ▁on ▁the ▁golf ▁team . ▁▁▁ ▁Nick l aus ▁returned ▁to ▁Ohio ▁State ▁to ▁finish ▁his ▁college ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁then ▁won ▁the ▁prest igious ▁P orter ▁Cup ▁and ▁qualified ▁again ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Am ateur . ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁would ▁turn ▁professional . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁eight ▁years , ▁Nick l aus ▁would ▁make ▁numerous ▁failed ▁attempts ▁to ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁ 2 6 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁events ▁during ▁that ▁time , ▁including ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁but ▁made ▁only ▁two ▁cuts . ▁Nick l aus ▁spent ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁time ▁playing ▁overseas , ▁including ▁the ▁European ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁and ▁on ▁mini - t ours . ▁Finally , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Nick l aus ▁made ▁it ▁through ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁Tour nament ▁on ▁his ▁e ighth ▁try . ▁A ▁few ▁weeks ▁later , ▁Nick l aus ▁team ed ▁with ▁his ▁father ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Father / S on ▁Challenge , ▁a ▁ 3 6 - |
hole ▁tournament ▁played ▁in ▁a ▁sc ram ble ▁format . ▁ ▁Nick l aus ▁started ▁fairly ▁slowly ▁during ▁his ▁first ▁year ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁but ▁in ▁April ▁he ▁put ▁together ▁three ▁strong ▁rounds ▁at ▁the ▁Bell South ▁Classic ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia ▁and ▁found ▁himself ▁tied ▁for ▁the ▁ 5 4 - hole ▁lead ▁with ▁Phil ▁M ick elson . ▁When ▁tor rent ial ▁r ains ▁struck ▁on ▁Sunday , ▁leaving ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁course ▁un play able , ▁Tour ▁officials ▁cancel ed ▁the ▁final ▁round ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁sudden - de ath ▁play off ▁to ▁determine ▁a ▁champion . ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁hole , ▁a ▁par - three , ▁M ick elson ▁hit ▁the ▁green ▁while ▁Nick l aus ▁left ▁his ▁shot ▁just ▁short ▁in ▁a ▁bunk er . ▁It ▁took ▁Nick l aus ▁two ▁more ▁shots ▁to ▁get ▁on ▁the ▁green , ▁while ▁M ick elson ▁sank ▁his ▁bird ie ▁put t ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁tournament . ▁Despite ▁his ▁disappointment , ▁Nick l aus ▁was ▁encouraged , ▁saying , ▁" It ▁just ▁lets ▁me ▁know ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁good ▁things ▁coming ▁down ▁the ▁road ." ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁did ▁not ▁bring ▁much ▁success ▁for ▁Nick l aus , ▁who ▁finished ▁no ▁higher ▁than ▁ 2 5 th ▁in ▁any ▁subsequent ▁tournament . ▁However , ▁the ▁money ▁he ▁earned ▁by ▁finishing ▁runner - up ▁in ▁Atlanta ▁was ▁enough ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁place ▁ 1 1 9 |
th ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ▁money ▁list ▁and ▁he ▁retained ▁his ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁card . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Nick l aus ▁made ▁just ▁ 1 2 ▁cuts ▁in ▁ 3 4 ▁starts , ▁with ▁a ▁best ▁finish ▁of ▁ 1 5 th ▁at ▁The ▁Memorial ▁Tour nament , ▁an ▁event ▁founded ▁by ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁also ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁his ▁second ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁tournament , ▁but ▁missed ▁the ▁cut . ▁He ▁placed ▁ 1 8 4 th ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ▁money ▁list ▁and ▁lost ▁his ▁playing ▁privile ges . ▁ ▁For ced ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁qual ifying ▁tournament , ▁Nick l aus ▁again ▁earned ▁his ▁card ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁But ▁that ▁season ▁saw ▁him ▁make ▁just ▁six ▁cuts ▁in ▁ 2 6 ▁events ▁and ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁his ▁final ▁season ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour . ▁After ▁spending ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁primarily ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ' s ▁minor - le ague ▁circuit ▁( now ▁the ▁K orn ▁F erry ▁Tour ), ▁Nick l aus ▁stopped ▁playing ▁professional ▁golf ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁family ▁business . ▁ ▁Aff ili ations ▁ ▁Nick l aus ▁is ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁of ▁Cam den ▁Capital , ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁for ▁Nick l aus ▁Brown ▁& ▁Co ., ▁Good s ▁& ▁Services , ▁and ▁Near shore ▁Technology , ▁Co - Ch air man ▁of ▁the ▁Children ' s ▁Health care |
▁Char ity , ▁non - profit ▁organization ▁and ▁primary ▁benef ici ary ▁of ▁the ▁H onda ▁Classic , ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁government ▁appointed ▁Commission er ▁of ▁the ▁Florida ▁Fish ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Conserv ation ▁Commission . ▁ ▁Later ▁years ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Nick l aus ▁was ▁re inst ated ▁as ▁an ▁amateur ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Golf ▁Association . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁a ▁fire ▁in ▁J upiter , ▁Florida ▁destroyed ▁a ▁home ▁that ▁was ▁being ▁built ▁for ▁Nick l aus . ▁ ▁Nick l aus ▁made ▁one ▁more ▁attempt ▁to ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 4 0 , ▁but ▁came ▁up ▁short . ▁He ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁amateur ▁events ▁and ▁managed ▁to ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Am ateur ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁when ▁the ▁tournament ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁being ▁held ▁at ▁Cher ry ▁Hills . ▁He ▁shot ▁ 4 - over - par ▁in ▁the ▁stroke ▁play ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁and ▁failed ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁match ▁play . ▁ ▁At ▁age ▁ 5 0 ▁he ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Champions ▁for ▁those ▁ 5 0 + , ▁who ▁had ▁previous ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁membership . ▁ ▁Results ▁in ▁major ▁championship s ▁ ▁Note : ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Open ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁major ▁Nick l aus ▁played ▁in . ▁ ▁C UT ▁= ▁missed ▁the |
▁half - way ▁cut ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁School ▁gradu ates ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁School ▁gradu ates ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : American ▁male ▁golf ers ▁Category : Oh io ▁State ▁Buc key es ▁men ' s ▁golf ers ▁Category : P GA ▁Tour ▁golf ers ▁Category : Europe an ▁Tour ▁golf ers ▁Category : G olf ers ▁from ▁Florida ▁Category : Jack ▁Nick l aus ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁West ▁Palm ▁Beach , ▁Florida ▁Category : People ▁from ▁J upiter , ▁Florida ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Abu ▁Isa ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁O v ad iah , ▁I sha q ▁ib n ▁Ya ' qu b ▁al - Is f ah ani , ▁Isaac ▁ib n ▁Jacob ▁al - Is f ah ani ) ▁was ▁a ▁self - pro claimed ▁Jewish ▁prop het ▁sometime ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century ▁CE ▁in ▁Pers ia ▁and ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁revol t . ▁Pro claimed ▁by ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁followers ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁Mess iah , ▁Abu ▁Isa ▁himself ▁never ▁made ▁such ▁claims ▁or ▁in ferences . ▁He ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁all ied ▁himself ▁with ▁Sun bad h ▁after ▁the ▁assass ination ▁of ▁Abu ▁Muslim ▁in ▁ 7 5 5 ▁CE . ▁His ▁forces ▁fought ▁Cal iph ▁al - M ans ur ' s ▁army |
▁at ▁Ray y ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁defeated . ▁Abu ▁Isa ▁fell ▁in ▁this ▁battle . ▁ ▁D ating ▁issues ▁The ▁dating ▁of ▁Abu ▁Isa ' s ▁career ▁has ▁been ▁disput ed ▁since ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges . ▁The ▁two ▁main ▁sources ▁for ▁information ▁of ▁him ▁are ▁Q irq is ani , ▁a ▁Jewish ▁K ara ite ▁historian ; ▁and ▁Sh ahr ast ani , ▁who ▁wrote ▁an ▁extensive ▁guide ▁to ▁Jewish ▁sect s ▁over ▁the ▁ages . ▁Q irq is ani ▁places ▁the ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁the ▁U may y ad ▁Cal iph ▁Abd ▁al - Mal ik ▁( 6 8 5 ▁- ▁ 7 0 5 ▁CE ) ▁while ▁Sh ahr ast ani ▁says ▁it ▁began ▁under ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Mar wan ▁II ▁( 7 4 4 ▁- ▁ 7 5 0 ) ▁on ▁through ▁to ▁Al - M ans ur ▁( d . ▁ 7 7 5 ). ▁Q irq is ani ' s ▁dates ▁place ▁Abu ▁Isa ' s ▁up r ising ▁during ▁U may y ad ▁cl ashes ▁with ▁the ▁By z ant ines ▁which ▁would ▁coinc ide ▁with ▁Mess ian ic ▁stories ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁between ▁G og ▁and ▁Mag og ▁and ▁place ▁it ▁early ▁enough ▁to ▁influence ▁K ara ism ; ▁Sh ahr ast ani ' s ▁would ▁put ▁the ▁revol t ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁U may y ad ▁D yn asty ▁and ▁thus ▁at ▁a ▁p iv otal ▁point ▁of ▁up he aval ▁in ▁the ▁Muslim ▁world . ▁Both ▁are ▁pl aus |
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