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, ▁Ing alls ▁attempted ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁dies el ▁loc omot ive ▁market . ▁ ▁They ▁catalog ed ▁an ▁extensive ▁product ▁line , ▁but ▁only ▁one ▁example , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁model ▁ 4 - S , ▁was ▁produced . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁Gulf , ▁Mobile ▁& ▁Ohio ▁Rail road . ▁ ▁Ing alls ▁also ▁manufactured ▁covered ▁hop per ▁rail road ▁cars ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁producing ▁around ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁units , ▁primarily ▁for ▁the ▁lease ▁market ▁via ▁North ▁American ▁Car . ▁ ▁Sh ips ▁built ▁Sh ips ▁built ▁by ▁Ing alls ▁include : ▁ ▁Sub mar ines ▁Bar bel ▁class : ▁ ▁Skip jack ▁class : ▁ ▁Th res her / Perm it ▁class : ▁ ▁St ur geon ▁class : ▁ ▁Dest roy ers ▁Sp ru ance ▁class : ▁ ▁K idd ▁class : ▁ ▁Ar le igh ▁Bur ke ▁class : ▁ ▁Cru is ers ▁T icon der oga ▁class : ▁ ▁Cut ters ▁Legend ▁class : ▁ ▁Am ph ib ious ▁transport ▁dock ▁San ▁Antonio ▁class : ▁ ▁Am ph ib ious ▁assault ▁ship ▁I wo ▁J ima ▁class : ▁ ▁Tar awa ▁class : ▁ ▁Was p ▁class : ▁ ▁America ▁class : ▁ ▁Att ack ▁transport ▁s ▁ ▁Cor v ette ▁Sa ' ar ▁ 5 - class : ▁IN S ▁E il at ▁( 5 0 1 ) ▁IN S ▁L ah av ▁( 5 0 2 ) ▁IN S ▁Han it ▁( |
5 0 3 ) ▁ ▁T ank ers ▁T 5 ▁T ank er ▁prototype , ▁ 6 1 5 - foot ▁vessel ▁intended ▁for ▁possible ▁conversion ▁to ▁atomic ▁power , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁ ▁Cru ise ▁ships ▁and ▁ocean ▁lin ers ▁ ▁, ▁a ▁luxury ▁l iner ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁ ▁, ▁the ▁last ▁luxury ▁ocean ▁l iner ▁to ▁be ▁completed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁▁ ▁for ▁naval ▁architect ▁George ▁G . ▁Sh arp , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁▁ ▁( part ially ▁built ▁in ▁Mississippi , ▁then ▁tow ed ▁to ▁Germany ▁for ▁out f itting ) ▁ ▁Santa ▁Rosa ▁ ▁Sh ips ▁ref itted ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : P asc ag ou la , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Loc omot ive ▁manufacturers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : N orth rop ▁Gr um man ▁Category : Ship building ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Jackson ▁County , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : V ehicle ▁manufacturing ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁Category : Def ense ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Mississippi <0x0A> </s> ▁Mel m ast ia , ▁or ▁hospital ity , ▁is ▁the ▁requirement ▁Pas ht un w ali ▁places ▁on ▁all ▁its ▁tribes men ▁towards ▁others , ▁whether ▁they ▁are ▁strangers ▁or ▁members |
▁of ▁one ' s ▁own ▁tribe . ▁Mel m ast ia ▁requires ▁hospital ity ▁and ▁profound ▁respect ▁to ▁be ▁shown ▁all ▁visitors , ▁regardless ▁of ▁dist in ctions ▁of ▁race , ▁religion , ▁national ▁affili ation ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁economic ▁status ▁and ▁doing ▁so ▁without ▁any ▁hope ▁of ▁rem un er ation ▁or ▁favour . ▁Pas ht uns ▁will ▁go ▁to ▁great ▁ext ents ▁to ▁show ▁their ▁hospital ity . ▁ ▁El ph inst one ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁observed : ▁" The ▁most ▁remarkable ▁characteristic ▁of ▁the ▁Af gh ans ▁is ▁their ▁hospital ity . ▁The ▁practice ▁of ▁this ▁virtue ▁is ▁so ▁much ▁a ▁point ▁of ▁national ▁honor , ▁that ▁their ▁re pro ach ▁to ▁an ▁in h osp itable ▁man ▁is ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁no ▁P us ht un w ali ". ▁( El ph inst on ▁ 1 9 6 9 : ▁ 2 2 6 ). ▁▁ ▁Hospital ity ▁to ▁strangers ▁is ▁an ▁obligation ▁and ▁is ▁offered ▁free , ▁without ▁expecting ▁any ▁recip roc ity . ▁But ▁hospital ity ▁to ▁one ' s ▁k ins men ▁or ▁tribes men ▁puts ▁the ▁recipient ▁under ▁recip ro cal ▁obligation , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁the ▁" f ear ▁that ▁he ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁position ▁to ▁return ▁it ▁ade qu ately ▁when ▁the ▁occasion ▁demands ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁N an aw ata i ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Mel m ast ia ▁on ▁Afghan ▁W iki ▁ ▁Category : Af ghan ▁culture ▁Category : P |
as ht o ▁words ▁and ▁phrases ▁Category : P as ht un ▁culture <0x0A> </s> ▁Hugh ▁Cro ft on ▁( d ied ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 7 6 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Irish ▁politician . ▁▁ ▁Cro ften ▁was ▁the ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Le it rim ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁between ▁ 1 7 4 3 ▁and ▁ 1 7 6 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Sir ▁Morgan ▁Cro ft on , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron et . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown ▁Category : 1 7 6 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : Ir ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 2 7 – 1 7 6 0 ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Ireland ▁( pre - 1 8 0 1 ) ▁for ▁County ▁Le it rim ▁constitu encies <0x0A> </s> ▁Harold ▁Wes ley ▁George ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 8 7 – ▁ 1 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁representative ▁rugby ▁union ▁prop ▁forward ▁who ▁saw ▁active ▁service ▁and ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁ ▁Rug by ▁career ▁George ' s ▁club ▁rugby ▁career ▁was ▁with ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Sub ur bs ▁R U FC ▁in ▁Sydney ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁front - row er . ▁He ▁made ▁twenty ▁state ▁representative ▁appearances ▁for ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁and ▁appeared ▁on ▁eight ▁occasions ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁for ▁Australia . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁Australia |
' s ▁first ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁All ▁Black s ▁in ▁Sydney ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁Test ▁against ▁the ▁USA ▁in ▁Berkeley ▁in ▁California ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁ ▁Military ▁career ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁George ▁en listed ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁( New ▁South ▁Wales ) ▁Infan try ▁Batt alion , ▁Australian ▁Imperial ▁Force ▁– ▁the ▁Batt alion ▁had ▁been ▁raised ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁only ▁six ▁weeks ▁after ▁the ▁declaration ▁of ▁war . ▁The ▁main ▁strength ▁of ▁the ▁batt alion ▁left ▁Australia ▁from ▁Alb any ▁in ▁December ▁arriving ▁in ▁Egypt ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁Harold ▁George ▁was ▁en listed ▁to ▁a ▁force ▁of ▁reinforce ments ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁and ▁left ▁Sydney ▁on ▁board ▁H MAT ▁A 4 9 ▁Se ang ▁Ch oon ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁ ▁Along ▁with ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁Brigade , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁then ▁Colonel ▁John ▁Mon ash , ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁Batt alion ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Land ing ▁at ▁An z ac ▁C ove , ▁arriving ▁late ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁Between ▁May ▁to ▁August , ▁they ▁were ▁then ▁heavily ▁involved ▁in ▁operations ▁to ▁establish ▁and ▁defend ▁the ▁narrow ▁beach head ▁against ▁Turkish ▁assault s , ▁ ▁Harold ▁George ▁fought ▁against ▁the ▁ent |
ren ched ▁Turkish ▁forces ▁at ▁Gall ip oli ▁in ▁these ▁actions ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁mort ally ▁wounded ▁by ▁sn iper ▁fire ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁at ▁Pope ' s ▁Post . ▁He ▁died ▁from ▁wounds ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁ ▁aboard ▁ship ▁in ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁after ▁evac uation ▁from ▁Gall ip oli . ▁He ▁is ▁comm emor ated ▁on ▁the ▁L one ▁P ine ▁Memorial ▁( Tur key , ▁Panel ▁ 3 7 ). ▁ ▁His ▁club mate ▁Clar rie ▁Wall ach ▁who ▁also ▁fought ▁at ▁An z ac ▁C ove , ▁wrote ▁a ▁letter ▁home ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁sport ing ▁paper ▁The ▁Referee . ▁He ▁described ▁hearing ▁of ▁George ' s ▁death ▁from ▁William ▁Task er ▁another ▁rugby ▁contemporary ▁who ▁saw ▁Gall ip oli ▁action ▁and ▁later ▁died ▁on ▁the ▁Western ▁Front ." Tw it ▁Task er ▁told ▁me ▁how ▁Harold ▁George ▁died ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁deaths — ▁a ▁hero ' s — ▁never ▁beaten ▁till ▁the ▁whist le ▁went ". ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁and ▁awards ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁international ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁killed ▁in ▁action ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Australia ▁rugby ▁union ▁tour ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Collection ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁Gordon ▁B ray ▁presents ▁The ▁Spirit ▁of ▁Rug by , ▁Harper ▁Collins ▁Publish ers ▁Sydney ▁ ▁Z av os , ▁Sp iro ▁( |
2 0 0 0 ) ▁Golden ▁Wall ab ies — ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Australia ' s ▁Rug by ▁World ▁Champions , ▁P engu in ▁Books , ▁Ring wood , ▁Victoria ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Harold ▁George ▁at ▁the ▁A IF ▁Project ▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁soldiers ▁Category : 1 8 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : Austral ian ▁military ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : R ug by ▁union ▁props ▁Category : Austral ia ▁international ▁rugby ▁union ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁U ri ▁Ber eng uer - R amos ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁Pan ama ) ▁is ▁the ▁play - by - play ▁announ cer ▁for ▁the ▁Boston ▁Red ▁S ox ▁Spanish ▁Be is bol ▁Network . ▁ ▁Ber eng uer ▁joined ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Be is bol ▁Network ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁as ▁a ▁stat istic ian , ▁engineer , ▁pre game ▁and ▁post game ▁host , ▁and ▁play - by - play ▁announ cer . ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁stat istic ian ▁for ▁W EE I ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Red ▁S ox ▁community ▁relations ▁office . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Ber eng uer ▁became ▁a ▁full - time ▁announ cer ▁upon ▁the ▁departure ▁of ▁Juan ▁Oscar ▁B ae z . ▁At ▁ 2 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁youngest ▁full - time ▁broad cas ters ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁le agues . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 |
0 0 5 , ▁Ber eng uer ▁became ▁the ▁lead ▁announ cer ▁following ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁broadcast ▁partner ▁Juan ▁Pedro ▁Vill am án . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Ber eng uer ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁five ▁announ cers ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁ML B ▁Network ▁to ▁call ▁the ▁Caribbean ▁Series . ▁ ▁Ber eng uer ▁was ▁treated ▁for ▁hist ioc yt osis ▁at ▁the ▁Jimmy ▁Fund ▁Clin ic ▁at ▁D ana - F ar ber ▁Cancer ▁Institute ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 5 - 2 0 0 1 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁graduate ▁of ▁the ▁Boston ▁Latin ▁Academy ▁and ▁Nort he astern ▁University . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Latin ▁Academy ' s ▁baseball , ▁football ▁and ▁track ▁teams . ▁His ▁uncle ▁Juan ▁Ber eng uer ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁major ▁le agues ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 8 - 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁U ri ▁debut ed ▁alongside ▁J ade ▁McC arth y ▁on ▁N ES N ▁Daily . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁N ES N ▁announced ▁that ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁chemistry ▁with ▁J ade ▁McC arth y ▁and ▁the ▁low ▁ratings ▁of ▁the ▁show , ▁U ri ▁Ber eng uer ▁had ▁been ▁removed ▁as ▁co - host ▁of ▁N ES N ▁Daily . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Pan aman |
ian ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁television ▁reporters ▁and ▁correspond ents ▁Category : B oston ▁Red ▁S ox ▁broad cas ters ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁broad cas ters ▁Category : N ort he astern ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : S ports ▁comment ators <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁council ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire , ▁established ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁structural ▁changes ▁to ▁local ▁government ▁in ▁England ▁that ▁abol ished ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁and ▁At ch am ▁Bor ough ▁Council ▁and ▁created ▁in ▁its ▁place ▁the ▁unit ary ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council . ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁was ▁previously ▁un par ished , ▁with ▁the ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁and ▁At ch am ▁acting ▁as ▁the ▁town ' s ▁mayor . ▁Serv ing ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁over ▁ 7 2 , 0 0 0 , ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁most ▁pop ulous ▁parish ▁council ▁in ▁England . ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁council ▁provides ▁h ort icult ural ▁services ▁and ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁parks , ▁sports ▁pit ches , ▁rec reation ▁grounds , ▁all ot ments ▁and ▁highway ▁ver ges . ▁The ▁council ▁also ▁man ages ▁provision ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁market , ▁community ▁facilities , ▁bus ▁shel ters , ▁street ▁lighting ▁and ▁public ▁toile ts . ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁council ▁is ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁ 1 7 ▁w ards , ▁elected ▁every ▁four ▁years ▁alongside ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council ▁elections ▁using ▁first - |
p ast - the - post . ▁The ▁w ards ▁are ▁cot erm in ous ▁with ▁the ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council ▁divisions ▁created ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁ ▁Prior ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁and ▁At ch am ▁Bor ough ▁Council ▁acted ▁as ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Sh rew sb ury . ▁The ▁Mayor ▁is ▁elected ▁annually ▁for ▁a ▁one - year ▁term ▁alongside ▁the ▁Deputy ▁Mayor . ▁By ▁convention ▁the ▁Deputy ▁Mayor ▁becomes ▁Mayor ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁E lections ▁ ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁election , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁The ▁third ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 4 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁coinc iding ▁with ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council . ▁ ▁The ▁Conserv atives ▁gained ▁Bag ley ▁from ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁while ▁the ▁Gre ens ▁gained ▁P orth ill , ▁its ▁first ▁seat ▁on ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council , ▁also ▁from ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats . ▁That ▁left ▁Labour ▁with ▁ 7 ▁seats , ▁the ▁Conserv atives ▁with ▁ 6 , ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁with ▁ 3 ▁and ▁the ▁Green ▁Party ▁with ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁Summary ▁ ▁All ▁w ards ▁are ▁single ▁seat . ▁ ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁election , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁The ▁second ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 3 ▁May ▁ |
2 0 1 3 , ▁coinc iding ▁with ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council . ▁ ▁Labour ▁gained ▁Column , ▁Mon k mo or ▁and ▁Sund orne ▁from ▁the ▁Conserv atives ▁while ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁gained ▁Bag ley ▁and ▁Qu arry ▁and ▁C oton ▁Hill . ▁The ▁composition ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁council ▁was ▁subsequently ▁ 7 ▁for ▁Labour , ▁ 5 ▁for ▁the ▁Conserv atives ▁and ▁ 5 ▁for ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats . ▁With ▁the ▁Conserv atives ▁losing ▁overall ▁control , ▁Labour ▁and ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁control . ▁ ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁election , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁The ▁first ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 4 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁coinc iding ▁with ▁elections ▁to ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council ▁and ▁the ▁European ▁Parliament . ▁ ▁The ▁Conserv atives ▁won ▁ 1 2 ▁seats ▁( 4 ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁un cont ested ), ▁Labour ▁won ▁ 3 ▁and ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democrats ▁won ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁By - ele ctions ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁ ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council ▁ ▁Local ▁government ▁in ▁England ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Sh rew sb ury ▁Town ▁Council ▁ ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Council ▁ ▁Category : Sh rew sb ury <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁House ▁at ▁ 1 0 7 ▁William ▁Street ▁in ▁Stone ham , ▁Massachusetts , ▁is ▁a ▁well - pres erved ▁early ▁Greek ▁Rev ival ▁cottage . ▁ ▁Built ▁in |
▁the ▁ 1 8 2 0 s , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 - 1 / 2 ▁story ▁wood ▁frame ▁house , ▁five ▁b ays ▁wide , ▁with ▁a ▁side ▁g able ▁roof , ▁cl ap board ▁s iding , ▁and ▁a ▁gran ite ▁foundation . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁project ing ▁central ▁entry ▁and ▁an ▁ell ▁on ▁its ▁east ▁side , ▁set ▁on ▁a ▁brick ▁foundation . ▁ ▁The ▁ell ▁has ▁a ▁second ▁entry , ▁indicating ▁it ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁shop . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁entry ▁has ▁s idel ights , ▁and ▁both ▁entries ▁have ▁a ▁narrow ▁trans om . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁surviving ▁buildings ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁cluster ▁that ▁once ▁stood ▁near ▁the ▁jun ction ▁of ▁William ▁and ▁Main ▁Stre ets . ▁ ▁The ▁house ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁list ings ▁in ▁Stone ham , ▁Massachusetts ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁list ings ▁in ▁M idd les ex ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Stone ham , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H ouses ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁Stone ham , ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁Play boy ▁Play mates ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Play boy ▁magazine |
▁names ▁their ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁each ▁month ▁throughout ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁January ▁ ▁M iki ▁Gar cia ▁( born ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁in ▁King man , ▁Arizona ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁being ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁its ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁ ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁Mario ▁Cas ill i . ▁ ▁February ▁ ▁C yn th ia ▁Lyn n ▁Wood ▁( born ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁in ▁B urb ank , ▁California ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model ▁and ▁actress . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Harold ▁and ▁Er ma ▁Wood . ▁She ▁was ▁chosen ▁as ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Year . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁Pom pe o ▁Pos ar . ▁ ▁March ▁ ▁Bon nie ▁Large ▁( born ▁September ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁in ▁Gl end ale , ▁California ) ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁William ▁Fig ge ▁and ▁Mel ▁Fig ge . ▁She ▁is ▁noted ▁for ▁becoming ▁histor ically ▁the ▁first ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month |
▁ever ▁to ▁appear ▁clearly ▁full ▁front al ▁n ude . ▁( Mar il yn ▁Cole , ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁made ▁the ▁first ▁full - front al ▁n ude ▁pos ing , ▁but ▁her ▁pub ic ▁hair ▁was ▁partly ▁covered ▁by ▁the ▁shadow ▁cast ▁from ▁the ▁book ▁in ▁her ▁hand ). ▁ ▁April ▁ ▁Julie ▁Wood son ▁( born ▁July ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁in ▁H utch inson , ▁Kansas ) ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁William ▁Fig ge ▁and ▁Mel ▁Fig ge . ▁Wood son ▁was ▁only ▁the ▁third ▁African - American ▁Play boy ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month , ▁the ▁earlier ▁two ▁being ▁Jennifer ▁Jackson ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁and ▁Jean ▁Bell ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁May ▁ ▁An ul ka ▁Maria ▁D zi ub ins ka ▁( born ▁ 1 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁actress ▁and ▁model . ▁She ▁was ▁featured ▁as ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁After ▁her ▁Play mate ▁appearance , ▁D zi ub ins ka ▁became ▁an ▁actress ▁of ▁film ▁and ▁television , ▁perhaps ▁most ▁prom in ently ▁in ▁her ▁debut ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁les bian ▁vamp ire ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁explo |
itation ▁film ▁classic ▁V amp y res ▁( 1 9 7 4 ), ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁was ▁cred ited ▁by ▁only ▁her ▁first ▁name , ▁An ul ka . ▁ ▁Further ▁acting ▁assignments ▁followed . ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁D zi ub ins ka ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁USA . ▁She ▁continued ▁her ▁career ▁and ▁married ▁twice . ▁She ▁left ▁the ▁public ▁eye ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁however , ▁when ▁she ▁became ▁pregnant ▁with ▁her ▁first ▁child . ▁ ▁Eventually , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁fl oral ▁designer ▁and ▁owner ▁of ▁a ▁fl or ist ▁shop ▁in ▁Hollywood . ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁England ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁for ▁an ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁documentary ▁short ▁Return ▁of ▁the ▁V amp y res , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁shares ▁her ▁memories ▁of ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁film . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁she ▁co - w rote ▁a ▁book ▁about ▁flower ▁design , ▁Zen ▁Flow ers : ▁Design s ▁to ▁So othe ▁the ▁S enses ▁and ▁N our ish ▁the ▁Soul . ▁ ▁June ▁ ▁Ruth y ▁Ross ▁( born ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁in ▁Bour bon , ▁Missouri ) ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁Mario ▁Cas ill i . ▁She ▁is ▁sometimes ▁cred ited ▁as ▁R ut he y ▁Ross . ▁ ▁July ▁ ▁Martha |
▁Smith ▁( born ▁Martha ▁Anne ▁Smith ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model ▁and ▁actress . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁sometimes ▁cred ited ▁as ▁Martha ▁L . ▁Smith . ▁ ▁Smith ▁attended ▁Michigan ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁Smith ▁has ▁star red ▁in ▁movies , ▁such ▁as ▁National ▁L amp oon ' s ▁Animal ▁House , ▁and ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁several ▁TV ▁series ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁star . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁on ▁the ▁adventure ▁series ▁Sc are c row ▁and ▁Mrs . ▁King , ▁and ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁frequent ▁panel ist ▁on ▁The ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁Py ram id . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁she ▁was ▁chosen ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁Pom pe o ▁Pos ar . ▁ ▁August ▁ ▁Ph yll is ▁Cole man ▁( born ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁in ▁White ▁Pl ains , ▁New ▁York ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁She ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁the ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁ ▁the ▁husband - and - w ife ▁team ▁of ▁Bill ▁and ▁Mel ▁Fig ge . ▁ ▁September ▁ ▁Ger i ▁Glass ▁( born ▁June ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁in ▁Phoenix , |
▁Arizona ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁She ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁Mario ▁Cas ill i . ▁ ▁October ▁ ▁Val erie ▁Lane ▁( born ▁August ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁in ▁Long ▁Beach , ▁California ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁She ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁the ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁William ▁Fig ge ▁and ▁Mel ▁Fig ge . ▁ ▁November ▁ ▁Mon ica ▁T id well ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁in ▁Sh re ve port , ▁Louisiana ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁A ▁red - head , ▁she ▁was ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁the ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by ▁D w ight ▁Hook er ▁and ▁Bill ▁Fr ant z . ▁ ▁December ▁ ▁Christ ine ▁M add ox ▁( born ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁in ▁Tr acy , ▁California ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁model . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁being ▁Play boy ▁magazine ' s ▁Play mate ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁its ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁issue . ▁Her ▁center fold ▁was ▁phot ograp hed ▁by |
▁Richard ▁F eg ley . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁people ▁in ▁Play boy ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 7 9 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 - related ▁lists ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁Play boy ▁Play mates ▁Category : Play boy ▁lists <0x0A> </s> ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 7 2 ▁Th ai ▁nation als ▁were ▁found ▁working ▁in ▁conditions ▁of ▁slavery ▁in ▁a ▁makes h ift ▁gar ment ▁factory ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁row ▁of ▁residential ▁dup lex es ▁in ▁El ▁Monte , ▁California , ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁Los ▁Angeles . ▁ ▁This ▁case ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁first ▁recognized ▁case ▁of ▁modern - day ▁slavery ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁since ▁the ▁abol ishment ▁of ▁slavery . ▁ ▁It ▁would ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁wake - up ▁call ▁for ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁the ▁global ▁phenomenon ▁of ▁human ▁traff icking ▁and ▁modern - day ▁slavery ▁and ▁would ▁begin ▁the ▁anti - tra ff icking ▁movement ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁with ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Community ▁Development ▁Center ▁as ▁its ▁pione er . ▁ ▁The ▁case ▁would ▁also ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁California ▁laws ▁to ▁reform ▁the ▁gar ment ▁industry ▁and ▁end ▁sweat shop ▁ab uses ▁through ▁independent ▁monitoring ▁and ▁a ▁code ▁of ▁conduct ▁ ▁and ▁then ▁eventually ▁to ▁the ▁Vict ims ▁of ▁Tra ff icking ▁and ▁Vi olence ▁Protection ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁( TV PA ) ▁passed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁( l ater |
▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Tra ff icking ▁Vict ims ▁Protection ▁Re author ization ▁Act ▁( TV PR A ). ▁ ▁The ▁Begin ning ▁As ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁recruit ers ▁in ▁Thailand ▁were ▁can v ass ing ▁rural ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁provincial ▁parts ▁of ▁Thailand ▁for ▁gar ment ▁workers . ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁gar ment ▁workers ▁came ▁from ▁imp over ished ▁farming ▁families ▁and ▁were ▁eager ▁to ▁take ▁any ▁opportunity ▁to ▁better ▁their ▁life ▁circumstances . ▁Rot ch ana , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 2 ▁workers ▁discovered ▁in ▁the ▁sweat shop , ▁said ▁she ▁wanted ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁America ▁so ▁she ▁could ▁have ▁a ▁better ▁life ▁for ▁herself ▁and ▁her ▁children . ▁ ▁She ▁said ▁the ▁recru iter ▁was ▁kind ▁and ▁generous ▁promising ▁her ▁a ▁legitimate ▁job ▁that ▁would ▁enable ▁her ▁to ▁quickly ▁pay ▁off ▁the ▁$ 4 , 8 0 0 ▁loan ▁she ▁secured ▁from ▁the ▁recru iter ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁the ▁plane ▁ticket ▁and ▁processing ▁fee ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁El se where ▁in ▁Thailand , ▁many ▁others ▁were ▁hearing ▁the ▁same ▁story . ▁They ▁were ▁taken ▁to ▁the ▁airport ▁and ▁given ▁expensive ▁jewelry ▁to ▁wear ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁wealthy ▁tourists . ▁Having ▁passed ▁the ▁Imm igration ▁Control , ▁the ▁recruit ers ▁took ▁the ▁jewelry , ▁their ▁pass ports ▁and ▁their ▁money . ▁They ▁transport ed ▁the ▁workers ▁to ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁complex — a ▁row ▁of ▁two ▁story ▁buildings ▁with ▁board ed ▁up ▁windows ▁and ▁a ▁fence ▁surrounding ▁the |
▁entire ▁compound ▁to pped ▁with ▁bar bed ▁wire ▁and ▁sp ikes ▁facing ▁in ward . ▁ ▁Two ▁guards ▁armed ▁with ▁guns , ▁kn ives ▁and ▁baseball ▁b ats ▁pat rolled ▁the ▁building ▁twenty four ▁hours ▁a ▁day . ▁ ▁Once ▁at ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁complex , ▁the ▁Th ai ▁nation als ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁se w ▁clothing ▁sevent een ▁to ▁twenty two ▁hours ▁a ▁day . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁not ▁allowed ▁any ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁outside ▁world ▁and ▁their ▁letters ▁home ▁were ▁cens ored , ▁opened ▁and ▁read ▁to ▁ins ure ▁no ▁news ▁of ▁their ▁capt ivity ▁would ▁reach ▁home . ▁▁ ▁They ▁were ▁not ▁allowed ▁breaks ▁even ▁when ▁sick ▁ ▁or ▁any ▁social ▁interactions ▁with ▁each ▁other . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁under ▁ 2 4 / 7 ▁surveillance ▁by ▁armed ▁guards . ▁ ▁Some ▁were ▁held ▁against ▁their ▁will ▁for ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁seven ▁years . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁workers ▁were ▁virtually ▁not ▁paid ▁as ▁they ▁had ▁to ▁work ▁off ▁their ▁debt ▁to ▁their ▁traff ick ers / em ploy ers . ▁ ▁In ▁essence , ▁they ▁became ▁indent ured ▁servants . ▁However , ▁they ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁buy ▁food ▁and ▁personal ▁supplies ▁such ▁as ▁tooth p aste ▁and ▁sh amp oo ▁at ▁infl ated ▁prices ▁from ▁the ▁employers ▁res iding ▁at ▁the ▁complex ▁who ▁operated ▁su nd ries ▁in ▁the ▁gar ages . ▁ ▁Having ▁no ▁money ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁purchases , ▁these ▁amounts ▁for ▁the ▁rent ▁and ▁personal ▁items ▁would ▁just ▁be ▁tack ed ▁on ▁to ▁their ▁deb ts . ▁Therefore |
, ▁their ▁debt ▁just ▁kept ▁growing ▁with ▁no ▁end ▁in ▁sight . ▁▁▁▁ ▁They ▁se wed ▁clothing ▁for ▁many ▁well - known ▁brands ▁such ▁as ▁An chor ▁Blue , ▁B . U . M ., ▁High ▁Sierra , ▁C LE O ▁and ▁Tom ato ▁Inc . ▁ ▁The ▁workers ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁wake ▁up ▁at ▁six ▁every ▁morning ▁and ▁worked ▁under ▁the ▁watch ful ▁eyes ▁of ▁their ▁Th ai ▁national ▁employers ▁who ▁included ▁Sun i ▁Man as ur ang k un ▁and ▁her ▁four ▁sons ▁and ▁two ▁daughters - in - law . ▁ ▁The ▁workers ▁were ▁warned ▁if ▁they ▁d ared ▁escape , ▁both ▁they ▁and ▁their ▁families ▁back ▁home ▁would ▁be ▁physically ▁har med . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁also ▁threatened ▁that ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁caught ▁by ▁United ▁States ▁authorities ▁who ▁will ▁sh ave ▁their ▁heads ▁and ▁deport ▁them ▁back ▁to ▁Thailand . ▁The ▁threat ▁of ▁ret ali ation ▁was ▁constant ▁and ▁rel ent less . ▁The ▁guards ▁even ▁showed ▁them ▁a ▁picture ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁man ▁who ▁had ▁tried ▁to ▁escape — he ▁had ▁been ▁beaten . ▁ ▁Dis covery ▁and ▁Freedom ▁The ▁bar bed ▁wire , ▁Rot ch ana ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁later ▁discovered , ▁had ▁been ▁installed ▁after ▁one ▁victim ▁escaped ▁from ▁a ▁second ▁story ▁window . ▁ ▁Too ▁scared ▁to ▁contact ▁the ▁police , ▁the ▁woman ▁told ▁her ▁story ▁only ▁to ▁her ▁boyfriend ▁years ▁later ▁during ▁her ▁freedom . ▁ ▁But ▁eventually ▁the ▁story ▁was ▁repeated ▁by ▁her ▁co - worker ▁and ▁reached ▁the ▁ears ▁of ▁State ▁of |
▁California ▁Deputy ▁Labor ▁Commission er ▁T K ▁Kim ▁who ▁was ▁inspect ing ▁the ▁gar ment ▁factory ▁where ▁she , ▁her ▁boyfriend , ▁and ▁the ▁co - worker ▁were ▁working . ▁▁▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁Deputy ▁Labor ▁Commission er ▁T K ▁Kim ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Community ▁Development ▁Center ▁( Th ai ▁C DC ) ▁and ▁met ▁with ▁its ▁Executive ▁Director , ▁Ch anch an it ▁Mart ore ll , ▁and ▁requested ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Community ▁Development ▁Center ’ s ▁participation ▁in ▁a ▁multi - govern ment al ▁agency ▁raid ▁on ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁compound . ▁ ▁These ▁agencies ▁participating ▁in ▁the ▁raid ▁included ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁California ▁Department ▁of ▁Industrial ▁Rel ations ▁- ▁Division ▁of ▁Labor ▁Stand ards ▁En force ment ▁( Cal ifornia ▁Labor ▁Commission ▁or ▁DL SE ), ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁Labor ▁- ▁W age ▁and ▁H our ▁Division , ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁California ▁Occ up ational ▁Safety ▁and ▁Health ▁Administration , ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁California ▁Em ployment ▁Development ▁Department , ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁Police , ▁and ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Community ▁Development ▁Center . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁pre - da wn ▁hour ▁of ▁ 5 ▁am ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁the ▁raid ▁occurred ▁on ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁slavery ▁compound . ▁ ▁The ▁law ▁enforcement ▁authorities ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁Police ▁and ▁Sw orn ▁California ▁Peace ▁Off ic ers ▁from ▁DL SE ▁secured ▁the ▁site ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁raid ▁of |
▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁compound ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁agencies ▁including ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁followed ▁in ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁workers ▁and ▁separate ▁them ▁from ▁the ▁employers . ▁ ▁Ch anch an it ▁Mart ore ll , ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Th ai ▁C DC , ▁participated ▁in ▁that ▁raid ▁and ▁once ▁on ▁the ▁scene , ▁started ▁speaking ▁to ▁the ▁frightened ▁workers ▁in ▁their ▁native ▁tongue ▁cal ming ▁their ▁fears ▁and ▁reass uring ▁them ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁now ▁liber ated ▁and ▁no ▁harm ▁will ▁come ▁to ▁them . ▁She ▁explained ▁who ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁was ▁and ▁the ▁role ▁it ▁will ▁play ▁in ▁bringing ▁them ▁relief ▁and ▁helping ▁them ▁pursue ▁justice . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁compound , ▁instead ▁of ▁being ▁turned ▁over ▁to ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁to ▁be ▁shel tered ▁and ▁cared ▁for ▁as ▁promised , ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁transport ed ▁to ▁the ▁Imm igration ▁and ▁Natural ization ▁Services ▁( INS ) ▁det ention ▁where ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁det ained ▁and ▁held ▁capt ive ▁again ▁but ▁this ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government ▁for ▁another ▁nine ▁days . ▁ ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁and ▁its ▁al ly , ▁the ▁Korean ▁Im migr ant ▁Work er ▁Adv oc ates ▁immediately ▁formed ▁a ▁broad ▁coalition ▁of ▁civil , ▁immigr ant , ▁workers ’ ▁rights ▁organizations ▁that ▁included ▁the ▁Coal ition ▁for ▁Hum ane ▁Im migr ant ▁Rights ▁of ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁( CH IR LA ), ▁Korean ▁Im migr ant ▁Work er ▁Adv oc ates ▁( K I WA |
▁- ▁known ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁Kore at own ▁Im migr ant ▁Work ers ▁Alliance ), ▁Asian ▁Pacific ▁American ▁Legal ▁Center ▁( AP AL C ▁– ▁known ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁Asian ▁Americans ▁Adv ancing ▁Justice ), ▁and ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Need le tr ades , ▁Industrial ▁and ▁Text ile ▁Em ploy ees ▁( UN ITE ) ▁to ▁fight ▁for ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁workers ▁from ▁det ention . ▁ ▁During ▁those ▁nine ▁days , ▁the ▁coalition ▁visited ▁the ▁det ention ▁center ▁demanding ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁El ▁Monte ▁workers , ▁held ▁press ▁con ferences ▁and ▁sit - ins , ▁and ▁pressed ▁for ▁their ▁immediate ▁release ▁into ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁Th ai ▁C DC . ▁ ▁After ▁nine ▁long ▁days ▁and ▁nights ▁in ▁det ention ▁– ▁a ▁period ▁during ▁which ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁sh ack led ▁whenever ▁they ▁were ▁transport ed ▁between ▁the ▁IN S ▁holding ▁tanks ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁and ▁the ▁federal ▁det ention ▁center ▁at ▁San ▁Pedro ▁Term inal ▁Island ▁– ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁finally ▁permitted ▁to ▁take ▁off ▁their ▁orange ▁prison ▁gar b ▁and ▁put ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁clothes ▁and ▁leave ▁IN S ▁into ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁Th ai ▁C DC . ▁They ▁were ▁allowed ▁to ▁board ▁a ▁don ated ▁yellow ▁school ▁bus ▁arranged ▁by ▁CH IR LA ▁and ▁head ▁for ▁temporary ▁shel ters ▁arranged ▁by ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁including ▁shel ters ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Method ist ▁Church ▁in ▁North ▁Hollywood , ▁the ▁Ep isc op al ▁Church ▁in ▁T uj ung a , ▁and ▁the ▁Filip ino ▁American |
▁Service ▁Group , ▁Inc . ▁( F AS GI ) ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁only ▁after ▁UN ITE ▁ ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁persu ade ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁mag istr ate ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁workers ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁“ signature ▁bonds ” ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁cash ▁bonds ▁as ▁a ▁way ▁of ▁secur ing ▁the ▁workers ’ ▁return ▁to ▁court ▁to ▁test ify ▁as ▁witnesses ▁in ▁the ▁criminal ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁their ▁capt ors ▁as ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁now ▁designated ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁federal ▁court ▁as ▁material ▁witnesses . ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁arranged ▁for ▁those ▁bonds ▁to ▁be ▁signed ▁by ▁its ▁supporters ▁and ▁allies . ▁▁▁▁ ▁Th ai ▁C DC ▁began ▁the ▁ar du ous ▁task ▁of ▁providing ▁the ▁workers ▁with ▁emergency ▁relief ▁and ▁res ett lement ▁assistance . ▁ ▁It ▁obtained ▁work ▁author izations ▁ ▁and ▁social ▁security ▁numbers ▁for ▁the ▁workers , ▁held ▁meetings ▁with ▁the ▁coalition ▁and ▁the ▁workers ▁on ▁purs uing ▁their ▁red ress ▁and ▁rest itution ▁while ▁participating ▁in ▁K I WA ’ s ▁Ret ail er ▁Account ability ▁Campaign ▁to ▁reform ▁the ▁gar ment ▁industry ▁where ▁the ▁workers ▁also ▁participated ▁and ▁learned ▁to ▁become ▁activ ists ▁themselves , ▁ ▁created ▁a ▁support ▁fund ▁for ▁the ▁workers , ▁and ▁assist ed ▁the ▁workers ▁in ▁obtaining ▁permanent ▁housing , ▁healthcare , ▁employment , ▁legal , ▁language , ▁and ▁acc ult uration ▁assistance . ▁▁ ▁Seven ▁of ▁the ▁on - site ▁operators ▁of ▁the ▁sweat shop ▁were ▁taken ▁into ▁federal ▁custody ▁and ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁criminal ▁counts ▁of ▁invol |
unt ary ▁serv itude ▁and ▁conspiracy . ▁ ▁Two ▁brothers ▁ev aded ▁arrest ▁and ▁fled ▁to ▁Thailand ▁and ▁are ▁still ▁considered ▁f ug it ives ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁immigration ▁relief ▁laws ▁in ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁for ▁traff icked ▁victims , ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁at ▁risk ▁of ▁being ▁deport ed ▁soon ▁after ▁the ▁successful ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁their ▁traff ick ers . ▁ ▁The ▁case ▁was ▁prosecut ed ▁by ▁Assistant ▁US ▁Att orneys , ▁Michael ▁G enn aco ▁and ▁Tom ▁Warren . ▁ ▁IN S ▁Special ▁Agent ▁Philip ▁Bon ner ▁utilized ▁another ▁law ▁to ▁help ▁keep ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁His ▁clever ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁S ▁vis as , ▁col lo qu ially ▁known ▁as ▁“ sn itch ” ▁vis as ▁used ▁for ▁drug ▁sn itch ers ▁in ▁drug ▁traff icking ▁cases , ▁not ▁only ▁allowed ▁the ▁victims ▁a ▁rep rieve ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁but ▁secured ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁the ▁workers ▁to ▁adjust ▁to ▁permanent ▁legal ▁resid ency ▁status ▁after ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁continued ▁presence ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Since ▁the ▁workers ▁fell ▁under ▁this ▁category , ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁remain ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁avoiding ▁deport ation ▁where ▁they ▁most ▁certainly ▁would ▁have ▁faced ▁ret ali ation ▁from ▁their ▁traff ick ers ▁who ▁are ▁in ▁Thailand . ▁▁▁ ▁A ▁civil ▁case ▁was ▁also ▁purs ued ▁on ▁the ▁behalf ▁of ▁the ▁workers . ▁On ▁the ▁civil ▁case , ▁the ▁workers ▁won ▁a ▁$ 4 ▁million ▁settlement |
▁from ▁the ▁retail ers ▁and ▁manufacturers ▁who ▁prof ited ▁from ▁their ▁slave ▁labor . ▁ ▁The ▁legal ▁agencies ▁that ▁helped ▁the ▁workers ▁with ▁the ▁civil ▁suit ▁were ▁the ▁Law ▁F irm ▁of ▁Dan ▁Storm er ▁and ▁D ella ▁Be han ▁and ▁several ▁legal ▁aid ▁organizations . ▁ ▁The ▁families ▁of ▁the ▁workers ▁were ▁reun ited ▁with ▁them ▁here ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁workers ▁have ▁since ▁become ▁independent ▁and ▁productive ▁individuals ▁who ▁found ▁steady ▁employment ▁outside ▁the ▁gar ment ▁industry ▁or ▁became ▁business ▁owners ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁Th ai ▁C DC ’ s ▁small ▁business ▁program ▁and ▁entrepreneur ship ▁training ▁ ▁and ▁are ▁now ▁natural ized ▁United ▁States ▁citizens ▁ ▁and ▁spokes pers ons ▁ ▁against ▁human ▁traff icking ▁and ▁modern - day ▁slavery . ▁ ▁Media ▁The ▁play ▁Fab ric ▁( play ) ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : H uman ▁traff icking ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Cr ime ▁in ▁California ▁Category : D eb t ▁bond age ▁Category : El ▁Monte , ▁California ▁Category : History ▁of ▁slavery ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ridge way ▁School ▁& ▁Six th ▁Form ▁College ▁is ▁a ▁mixed ▁secondary ▁school ▁and ▁sixth ▁form ▁located ▁in ▁W rought on ▁in ▁the ▁English ▁county ▁of ▁W ilt shire . ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁purpose - built ▁comprehensive ▁school ▁in ▁W ilt shire . ▁Pre viously ▁a ▁foundation ▁school ▁administer ed ▁by ▁Sw |
ind on ▁Bor ough ▁Council , ▁it ▁converted ▁to ▁academ y ▁status ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁Horse ▁Federation , ▁a ▁multi - ac adem y ▁trust . ▁The ▁school ▁continues ▁to ▁coordinate ▁with ▁Sw ind on ▁Bor ough ▁Council ▁for ▁adm issions . ▁ ▁The ▁school ' s ▁catch ment ▁area ▁includes ▁Bishop stone , ▁H inton ▁Par va , ▁W an borough , ▁L idd ington , ▁Co ate , ▁Bad bury , ▁Ch is eld on , ▁H od son , ▁Bass ett ▁Down , ▁U ff cott , ▁Broad ▁H inton ▁and ▁Winter bourne ▁Bass ett . ▁The ▁school ▁offers ▁GC SE s ▁and ▁B TE C s ▁as ▁program mes ▁of ▁study ▁for ▁pup ils , ▁while ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁sixth ▁form ▁have ▁the ▁option ▁to ▁study ▁from ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁A - level s ▁and ▁further ▁B TE C s . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁aid ▁integration ▁after ▁the ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁London ▁bomb ings , ▁the ▁local ▁council ▁began ▁sending ▁British ▁Asian ▁youth ▁from ▁Sw ind on ▁( out side ▁the ▁regular ▁catch ment ▁area ) ▁to ▁the ▁school . ▁Some ▁of ▁this ▁group ▁formed ▁a ▁gang ▁called ▁the ▁" As ian ▁Inv asion ", ▁who ▁bull ied ▁other ▁pup ils . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Henry ▁Web ster , ▁a ▁ 1 |
5 - year - old ▁sing led ▁out ▁for ▁his ▁red ▁hair ▁and ▁large ▁size , ▁stood ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁" As ian ▁Inv asion " ▁and ▁agreed ▁for ▁a ▁one - on - one ▁fight . ▁However , ▁the ▁boy ▁showed ▁up ▁with ▁several ▁others , ▁including ▁adults ▁and ▁Web ster ▁suffered ▁injuries ▁including ▁brain ▁damage ▁from ▁a ▁hammer . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁four ▁people ▁were ▁convicted ▁for ▁the ▁attack . ▁By ▁May , ▁ 1 3 ▁had ▁been ▁convicted . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁High ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice ▁ruled ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁su ed ▁by ▁Web ster ▁and ▁his ▁family . ▁He ▁had ▁claimed ▁that ▁although ▁the ▁attack ▁was ▁outside ▁school ▁hours , ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁school ' s ▁lack ▁of ▁action ▁against ▁the ▁" As ian ▁Inv asion ". ▁In ▁September ▁that ▁year , ▁a ▁case ▁review ▁was ▁published ▁about ▁the ▁situation ▁at ▁the ▁school , ▁which ▁recommended ▁that ▁all ▁incidents ▁of ▁bul lying ▁should ▁record ▁the ▁ethnic ity ▁of ▁perpet r ators ▁and ▁victims ▁to ▁look ▁for ▁racial ▁motiv ations . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Second ary ▁schools ▁in ▁Sw ind on ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Ac adem ies ▁in ▁Sw ind on <0x0A> </s> ▁Georg ios ▁Ky ri ak |
ou ▁I ac ov ou ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁C yp ri ot ▁diplom at ▁and ▁politician . ▁I ac ov ou ▁served ▁as ▁Foreign ▁Minister ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁for ▁two ▁consecutive ▁terms ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁term ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁which ▁makes ▁him ▁Cy pr us ' s ▁longest ▁serving ▁Foreign ▁Minister . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁High ▁Commission er ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁re habil itation ▁of ▁Greek ▁C yp ri ot ▁refugees ▁and ▁on ▁persons ▁of ▁Greek ▁origin ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁I ac ov ou ▁was ▁Minister ▁of ▁Pres id ency . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁I ac ov ou ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Per ister on op igi , ▁in ▁F am ag usta ▁District . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁F am ag usta ▁Gym nas ium . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁I ac ov ou ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁was ▁active ▁in |
▁student ▁politics ▁and ▁Greek ▁C yp ri ot ▁community ▁affairs . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁until ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁I ac ov ou ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁private ▁sector ▁in ▁Cy pr us . ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁Senior ▁Consult ant ▁at ▁the ▁international ▁enterprise ▁Price ▁Water house ▁in ▁London , ▁as ▁Pr incipal ▁Officer ▁for ▁Oper ational ▁Research ▁and ▁later ▁on ▁as ▁Senior ▁Finance ▁Officer ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁directors ▁for ▁British ▁Rail . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Cy pr us ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Cy pr us ▁Product ivity ▁Centre , ▁where ▁he ▁introduced ▁new ▁management ▁methods ▁in ▁industry ▁and ▁commerce , ▁pione ering ▁program mes ▁for ▁continuing ▁education ▁of ▁business ▁execut ives , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁post - graduate ▁management ▁course ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁running ▁for ▁over ▁thirty ▁years . ▁He ▁also ▁turned ▁his ▁attention ▁to ▁the ▁up grad ing ▁of ▁skills ▁of ▁art is ans ▁and ▁techn icians ▁in ▁many ▁fields . ▁Con current ly , ▁I ac ov ou ▁was ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁directors ▁of ▁the ▁Hotel ▁and ▁C ater ing ▁Institute ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁(" H CI "), ▁and ▁under ▁his ▁st eward ship , ▁the ▁H CI ▁became ▁internation ally ▁known , ▁being ▁acknowledged ▁accordingly ▁on ▁the ▁island . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁Turkish ▁invasion ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁he ▁established ▁and ▁directed ▁the ▁" Service ▁for ▁the |
▁Rel ief ▁and ▁Re habil itation ▁of ▁Dis pl aced ▁Pers ons " ▁on ▁directions ▁from ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Minister s ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Cy pr us . ▁He ▁later ▁also ▁established ▁the ▁" Service ▁for ▁the ▁Re integr ation ▁of ▁Dis pl aced ▁Pers ons ". ▁I ac ov ou ' s ▁work ▁for ▁refugees ▁has ▁had ▁an ▁important ▁impact ▁on ▁subsequent ▁developments ▁in ▁Cy pr us , ▁including ▁what ▁has ▁been ▁dub bed ▁the ▁C yp ri ot ▁" econom ic ▁miracle ". ▁In ▁this ▁capacity , ▁I ac ov ou ▁became ▁a ▁close ▁associate ▁of ▁Arch b ishop ▁Mak arios , ▁the ▁first ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Cy pr us . ▁He ▁also ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁artic ulate ▁advoc ates ▁of ▁the ▁rights ▁of ▁displ aced ▁persons ▁in ▁Cy pr us , ▁who ▁form ▁a ▁core ▁issue ▁of ▁the ▁wider ▁Cy pr us ▁problem . ▁His ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁has ▁been ▁nation ally ▁and ▁internation ally ▁acknowledged , ▁with ▁his ▁exposure ▁to ▁these ▁people ' s ▁problems ▁influ encing ▁his ▁subsequent ▁career . ▁I ac ov ou ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ab l est ▁administr ators ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁and ▁is ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁techn ocr at ▁with ▁the ▁big ▁heart . ▁From ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁until ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁Head ▁of ▁the ▁Africa ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁UN ▁High ▁Commission ▁for ▁Ref uge es ▁in ▁Gen eva . ▁ ▁From ▁January |
▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁until ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁Amb assador ▁of ▁the ▁Cy pr us ▁Republic ▁to ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany , ▁with ▁parallel ▁acc red itation ▁to ▁Austria ▁and ▁Switzerland ; ▁later ▁on , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁P erman ent ▁Secretary ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Foreign ▁Minister ▁and ▁remained ▁in ▁this ▁post ▁until ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁His ▁first ▁appointment ▁to ▁this ▁office ▁came ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁illegal ▁and ▁un il ateral ▁declaration ▁of ▁" independ ence " ▁by ▁the ▁Turkish ▁C yp ri ot ▁leadership ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Nevertheless , ▁he ▁successfully ▁purs ued ▁the ▁condem n ation ▁of ▁this ▁action ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ▁through ▁the ▁adoption ▁of ▁SC ▁Res olutions ▁ 5 4 1 ▁and ▁ 5 5 0 . ▁As ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs , ▁he ▁negoti ated ▁Cy pr us ' s ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁Agreement ▁with ▁the ▁then ▁European ▁Economic ▁Community ▁( EE C ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁he ▁submitted ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁E EC . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁I ac ov ou ▁signed ▁the ▁Treat y ▁of ▁Access ion ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union ▁(" E U "). ▁ ▁Later ▁on , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed |
▁by ▁the ▁Greek ▁government ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Foundation ▁for ▁the ▁Re ception ▁and ▁Res ett lement ▁of ▁Rep atri ated ▁Gree ks . ▁His ▁programme ▁for ▁the ▁integration ▁of ▁several ▁hundred ▁thousand ▁persons ▁of ▁Greek ▁origin ▁returning ▁to ▁Greece ▁from ▁the ▁former ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁great ▁success . ▁I ac ov ou ▁master minded ▁operation ▁Golden ▁F lee ce , ▁the ▁liber ation ▁of ▁fifteen ▁hundred ▁men , ▁women ▁and ▁children ▁of ▁Greek ▁origin ▁from ▁the ▁bes ie ged ▁city ▁of ▁Su kh umi ▁in ▁Ab kh az ia ; ▁he ▁later ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁operation ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Gro z ny y , ▁Che ch ny a . ▁He ▁also ▁founded ▁several ▁university ▁departments ▁for ▁the ▁teaching ▁of ▁the ▁Greek ▁language ▁in ▁countries ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁ ▁President ial ▁election ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Cy pr us ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁he ▁ran ▁for ▁office ▁in ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁presidential ▁election ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁candidate ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁political ▁parties ▁A K EL ▁and ▁DI K O . ▁He ▁lost , ▁by ▁a ▁narrow ▁margin , ▁to ▁the ▁inc umb ent ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic , ▁Gl af cos ▁Cl er ides . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Foreign ▁Minister ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁government ▁of ▁President ▁T ass os ▁Pap ad op oul os , ▁serving ▁until ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁In ▁October ▁that |
▁year , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁High ▁Commission er ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁affili ations ▁ ▁I ac ov ou ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁several ▁hon ours , ▁dist in ctions ▁and ▁med als ▁from ▁numerous ▁countries , ▁universities ▁and ▁organisations , ▁amongst ▁which ▁are : ▁ ▁The ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁Mer it , ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany ▁The ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Phoenix , ▁H ellen ic ▁Republic ▁The ▁Grand ▁Dec oration ▁of ▁Hon our ▁in ▁Gold ▁with ▁S ash ▁for ▁Services ▁to ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Austria ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁The ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Is avel ▁La ▁Cat ol ica , ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Spain ▁The ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁H ellen ic ▁Republic ▁The ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Inf ante ▁D . ▁Hen rique , ▁Republic ▁of ▁Portugal ▁The ▁Dec oration ▁of ▁the ▁Batt alion ▁of ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁Flag ▁The ▁Dec oration ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ▁Republic ▁of ▁Egypt ▁The ▁Dec oration ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁of ▁St . ▁Mark ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁Patri arch ate ▁of ▁Alexand ria ▁and ▁all ▁Africa ▁Dec oration ▁of ▁St . ▁Catherine ' s ▁Mon aster y ▁of ▁S ina i ▁Honor ary ▁Doctor ate ▁of ▁the ▁At hens ▁P ante ion ▁University , ▁of ▁Political ▁and ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Bi ographical ▁info ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people |
▁Category : C y pr us ▁Minister s ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁Category : C yp ri ot ▁diplom ats ▁Category : C yp ri ot ▁refugees ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁Germany ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁Austria ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁Switzerland ▁Category : High ▁Commission ers ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Category : Gr and ▁Cross es ▁ 1 st ▁class ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : Rec ip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Dec oration ▁with ▁S ash ▁for ▁Services ▁to ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Austria <0x0A> </s> ▁Kom or ów ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁W ienia wa , ▁within ▁Pr z ys uch a ▁County , ▁Mas ov ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁east - cent ral ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁W ienia wa , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Pr z ys uch a , ▁and ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Wars aw . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Pr z ys uch a ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Arch b ishop ' s ▁Garden ▁( H ung arian : É r se kk ert ▁or ▁col lo qu ially ▁N ép k ert ) ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁E ger , ▁Hung ary , ▁that ▁covers ▁about ▁ 1 2 ▁he ct ares |
. ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁a ▁former ▁hunting ▁ground . ▁The ▁park ▁walls ▁were ▁built ▁by ▁Bishop ▁E ster h á zy . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁walls ▁ ▁are ▁still ▁standing ▁on ▁the ▁northern ▁and ▁western ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁park . ▁The ▁park ▁was ▁opened ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁ ▁S ights ▁ ▁The ▁f ount ain ▁( built ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁The ▁sports ▁facilities ▁( foot ball ▁pit ches , ▁tennis ▁courts ) ▁The ▁artificial ▁lake ▁with ▁a ▁bridge . ▁ ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Hung ary ▁Category : E ger ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁He ves ▁County ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁He ves ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁D her ▁Maj ra ▁is ▁an ▁ar che ological ▁site ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Ind us ▁Valley ▁Civil ization ▁in ▁R up n ag ar ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁Pun j ab . ▁The ▁settlement ▁was ▁believed ▁to ▁primarily ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁B ara ▁culture ▁str and ▁of ▁the ▁Ind us ▁Valley ▁Civil ization . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁B ara ▁culture ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ind us ▁Valley ▁Civil isation ▁sites ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁R up n ag ar ▁district ▁Category : B ara ▁culture <0x0A> </s> ▁People ▁Like ▁Us ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁reality ▁documentary ▁series ▁broadcast ▁on ▁BBC ▁Three . ▁The ▁programme ▁tries ▁to ▁reflect ▁the ▁true ▁lives ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁residents ▁of ▁council |
▁est ates ▁in ▁England , ▁which ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁programme ▁have ▁continually ▁ranked ▁as ▁the ▁most ▁dep rived ▁in ▁the ▁UK . ▁The ▁show ▁has ▁been ▁critic ised ▁by ▁Manchester ▁residents , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁wider ▁UK ▁for ▁showing ▁a ▁very ▁stere ot yp ical ▁view ▁of ▁council ▁estate ▁residents . ▁The ▁series ▁mainly ▁featured ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁Har pur he y , ▁Most on ▁and ▁Col ly h urst . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁how ▁the ▁series ▁depicted ▁the ▁areas , ▁ ▁' I ▁love ▁Har pur he y ' ▁b anners ▁were ▁displayed ▁by ▁local ▁residents ▁to ▁try ▁and ▁dis pel ▁the ▁blanket ▁m istr uth s ▁of ▁the ▁broad cas ters ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Each ▁episode ▁last s ▁ 6 0 ▁minutes . ▁The ▁narr ator ▁of ▁the ▁programme ▁is ▁Natal ie ▁Case y . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁British ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B BC ▁television ▁document aries ▁Category : B rit ish ▁reality ▁television ▁series <0x0A> </s> ▁Sam son ▁Em ek a ▁O mer u ah ▁( 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁in ▁Z aria , ▁Northern ▁Nigeria ▁– ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁air ▁commod ore ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Air ▁Force , ▁a ▁former ▁governor ▁of ▁An amb ra ▁State ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁three - time ▁Minister ▁for ▁Information , ▁Youth , ▁Sport ▁and |
▁Culture ▁in ▁Nigeria ▁during ▁the ▁reg imes ▁of ▁B uh ari , ▁San i ▁Ab ach a ▁and ▁Abd uls al am ▁Ab ub ak ar . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁Nigeria ▁Football ▁Association ▁- ▁Nigeria ' s ▁top ▁football ▁governing ▁body ▁and ▁still ▁regarded ▁as ▁its ▁most ▁successful ▁Chair . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁minister ▁for ▁Sports ▁when ▁the ▁Niger ian ▁Golden ▁E ag lets ▁took ▁home ▁the ▁FIFA ▁under ▁ 1 7 ▁world ▁championship ▁cup . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁in ▁time ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁Green ▁E agles ▁make ▁their ▁first ▁World ▁Cup ▁and ▁win ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁medal . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁pro ponents ▁of ▁priv at izing ▁the ▁game ▁in ▁Nigeria ▁and ▁removing ▁control ▁from ▁state ▁governments . ▁ ▁Apart ▁from ▁this , ▁he ▁champion ed ▁the ▁War ▁Against ▁Ind is cipl ine ▁( W AI ) ▁programme ▁of ▁the ▁B uh ari ▁regime ▁between ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁committed ▁Christian ▁of ▁the ▁Method ist ▁faith ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁PhD ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Lag os ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁degrees ▁from ▁Pun j ab ▁University , ▁India ▁and ▁Aub urn ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁O mer u ah ▁had ▁four ▁children ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁these ▁is ▁Chi oma ▁O mer u ah ▁a . k . a . ▁Ch ig ul ▁who ▁is ▁a |
▁lingu ist ▁and ▁a ▁comed ian ▁despite ▁her ▁f athers ▁ins istence ▁that ▁she ▁took ▁law ▁as ▁her ▁career . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁London ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁illness . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁` ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : N iger ian ▁football ers ▁Category : N iger ian ▁Air ▁Force ▁officers ▁Category : G overn ors ▁of ▁An amb ra ▁State ▁Category : A ub urn ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : F ederal ▁minister s ▁of ▁Nigeria ▁Category : N iger ian ▁sport sp erson - polit icians ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Z aria ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Lag os ▁al umn i ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ers ▁not ▁categor ized ▁by ▁position <0x0A> </s> ▁I CP ▁s rl ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁w iring ▁h arness , ▁autom otive ▁bra ke ▁wear ▁indicator ▁and ▁aircraft ▁manufacturer ▁founded ▁by ▁T anc red i ▁( Ed i ) ▁R azz ano ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁originally ▁based ▁in ▁P iov à ▁Mass a ia . ▁The ▁company ▁rel oc ated ▁to ▁Cast el nu ovo ▁Don ▁Bos co ▁in ▁P ied mont ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁I CP ▁special izes ▁in ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁kit ▁aircraft ▁for ▁amateur ▁construction . ▁ ▁History ▁I CP ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁to ▁produce ▁w iring ▁h arness es ▁for ▁the ▁autom otive , |
▁elect rome chan ical ▁and ▁domestic ▁appl iance ▁markets . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁the ▁company ▁expanded ▁into ▁designing ▁and ▁producing ▁wear ▁indic ators ▁for ▁disc ▁and ▁drum ▁br akes ▁for ▁cars , ▁ ▁industrial ▁vehicles ▁and ▁motor cy cles . ▁The ▁company ▁provides ▁wear ▁indic ators ▁that ▁are ▁used ▁by ▁Al fa ▁Rome o , ▁A udi , ▁Cit ro en , ▁Che v ro let ▁Cor v ette , ▁D af , ▁Ferr ari , ▁F iat , ▁I ve co , ▁Lamb or gh ini , ▁L ancia , ▁Mas er ati , ▁Pe uge ot , ▁Ren ault ▁and ▁Vol vo . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁R azz ano ▁decided ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁considerable ▁investment ▁he ▁had ▁made ▁in ▁C NC ▁mach ining ▁to ▁produce ▁kit ▁aircraft , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁I CP ▁B ingo ▁and ▁Sav ann ah ▁aircraft . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁C NC ▁machines ▁allowed ▁k its ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁at ▁low ▁cost , ▁making ▁the ▁company ▁very ▁competitive ▁in ▁the ▁kit ▁aircraft ▁market . ▁Zen ith ▁ST OL ▁CH ▁ 7 0 1 ▁designer ▁Chris ▁He int z ▁considers ▁the ▁Sav ann ah ▁an ▁un authorized ▁copy ▁of ▁his ▁design . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁I CP ▁announced ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁production ▁effort ▁with ▁Zen air ▁of ▁Canada ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁Zen air ▁CH 6 5 0 ▁at ▁their ▁plant , ▁under ▁the ▁design ation ▁CH 6 5 |
0 E i . ▁ ▁I CP ▁is ▁currently ▁developing ▁an ▁av iation ▁engine , ▁designated ▁the ▁I CP ▁M 0 9 . ▁The ▁engine ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Franco ▁Lam bert ini , ▁previously ▁with ▁M oto ▁Mor ini ▁motor cy cles . ▁The ▁M 0 9 ▁has ▁no ▁parts ▁in ▁common ▁with ▁other ▁Lam bert ini ▁motor cycle ▁engines , ▁but ▁is ▁a ▁clean - sheet ▁design ▁for ▁av iation ▁use . ▁The ▁engine ▁is ▁a ▁four ▁stroke , ▁two ▁cyl inder , ▁four ▁val ve , ▁ ▁power plant ▁that ▁del ivers ▁ ▁at ▁ 7 0 0 0 ▁r pm ▁and ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁in verted ▁flight . ▁The ▁first ▁flight ▁on ▁an ▁I CP ▁Sav ann ah ▁S ▁was ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Air craft ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Air craft ▁manufacturers ▁of ▁Italy ▁Category : Home built ▁aircraft ▁Category : Auto ▁parts ▁suppliers ▁of ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Grant ▁" Bill " ▁Las key ▁( born ▁February ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁player . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁and ▁professional ▁football ▁for ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Football ▁League ▁and ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Bill ▁Las key ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Ann ▁Ar bor , ▁Michigan ▁and ▁attended ▁Milan ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Milan |
, ▁Michigan . ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁Las key ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁and ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁position ▁for ▁head ▁coach ▁B ump ▁Ell i ott ' s ▁Michigan ▁W olver ines ▁football ▁teams ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁seasons , ▁Las key ▁caught ▁nine ▁passes ▁for ▁ 1 1 8 ▁yards ▁and ▁one ▁touchdown . ▁ ▁Professional ▁football ▁Las key ▁later ▁played ▁professional ▁football ▁as ▁a ▁line back er ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Football ▁League ▁( A FL ) ▁for ▁the ▁Buffalo ▁B ills ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁and ▁Oak land ▁R aid ers ▁( 1 9 6 6 - 1 9 6 9 ) ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁( N FL ) ▁for ▁the ▁R aid ers ▁( 1 9 7 0 ), ▁Baltimore ▁Col ts ▁( 1 9 7 1 - 1 9 7 2 ) ▁and ▁Denver ▁Bron cos ▁( 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 7 4 ). ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Pro ▁Bowl ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁New sp aper ▁Enterprise ▁Association ▁( NE A ) ▁as ▁a ▁second - team ▁All - A FL ▁player ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁Over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 0 - year ▁NFL ▁career , ▁Las key ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 1 1 |
9 ▁games , ▁ 4 5 ▁as ▁a ▁st arter , ▁and ▁had ▁seven ▁inter ceptions ▁and ▁eight ▁f umble ▁recover ies . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Ann ▁Ar bor , ▁Michigan ▁Category : American ▁football ▁line back ers ▁Category : M ich igan ▁W olver ines ▁football ▁players ▁Category : Buff alo ▁B ills ▁players ▁Category : O ak land ▁R aid ers ▁players ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Col ts ▁players ▁Category : Den ver ▁Bron cos ▁players ▁Category : American ▁Football ▁League ▁All - Star ▁players ▁Category : American ▁Football ▁League ▁champions ▁Category : American ▁Football ▁League ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁De on ▁S aff ery , ▁( born ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁squ ash ▁player ▁who ▁represented ▁England ▁as ▁a ▁junior ▁and ▁Wales ▁as ▁a ▁senior . ▁She ▁reached ▁a ▁career - high ▁world ▁ranking ▁of ▁no . ▁ 4 2 ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : W el sh ▁female ▁squ ash ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁And iz han ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁airport ▁serving ▁And ij an ▁( also ▁sp elled ▁And ij an ), ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁the ▁And ij an ▁Region ▁in ▁U zb ek istan . ▁▁ 9 th ▁Gu ards ▁F ighter |
▁A vi ation ▁Regiment ▁P VO ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Air ▁Def ence ▁Forces ▁arrived ▁at ▁the ▁airport ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁and ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁the ▁Military ▁of ▁U zb ek istan ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁From ▁ 4 . 8 6 ▁to ▁Oct ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁it ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁ 1 5 th ▁Air ▁Def ence ▁Division ▁( 1 2 th ▁Air ▁Def ence ▁Army ). ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁The ▁airport ▁res ides ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁has ▁one ▁run way ▁designated ▁ 0 4 / 2 2 ▁with ▁a ▁concrete ▁surface ▁measuring ▁. ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁dest inations ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁the ▁bus iest ▁air ports ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁USS R ▁Transport ation ▁in ▁U zb ek istan ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Airport ▁diagram ▁for ▁U T FA ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Air ports ▁in ▁U zb ek istan ▁Category : And ij an <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁Metro - Gold w yn - M ayer ▁Techn icol or ▁picture ▁with ▁L ass ie . ▁Jean ette ▁Mac Donald ▁had ▁been ▁off ▁the ▁screen ▁for ▁five ▁years ▁until ▁her ▁return ▁in ▁Three ▁D aring ▁D aughters ▁( 1 9 4 8 ), ▁but ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁her ▁last . ▁In ▁it , ▁she ▁had ▁to ▁share ▁the ▁screen ▁not ▁with ▁an ▁up |
- and - coming ▁younger ▁actress ▁but ▁with ▁a ▁very ▁popular ▁animal ▁star . ▁Although ▁her ▁retreat ▁from ▁a ▁film ▁career ▁can ▁be ▁bl amed ▁largely ▁on ▁an ▁increasingly ▁deb il itating ▁heart ▁a il ment ▁( which ▁eventually ▁took ▁her ▁life ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 6 1 ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 ), ▁Mac Donald ▁continued ▁to ▁make ▁concert ▁and ▁TV ▁appearances ▁after ▁this . ▁Her ▁last ▁radio ▁performance ▁was ▁a ▁broadcast ▁version ▁of ▁this ▁same ▁story ▁on ▁Screen ▁G uild ▁Theater ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Ex - op era ▁singer ▁Helen ▁Lor field ▁Winter ▁( Je an ette ▁Mac Donald ) ▁rent s ▁a ▁house ▁in ▁the ▁small ▁town ▁of ▁Br ush y ▁G ap , ▁in ▁the ▁hills ▁not ▁too ▁far ▁from ▁the ▁Sm ok ies , ▁Blue ▁Ridge , ▁and ▁Atlanta ▁Georgia ▁with ▁her ▁dog , ▁L ass ie , ▁after ▁the ▁tragic ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁son . ▁There ▁she ▁be friend s ▁Jerry , ▁a ▁young ▁or phan ▁( Cl aude ▁Jar man ▁Jr .). ▁Grow ing ▁attached ▁to ▁Jerry , ▁but ▁not ▁wanting ▁children ▁so ▁soon ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁own ▁son , ▁Helen ▁leaves ▁Br ush y ▁G ap ▁to ▁resume ▁her ▁singing ▁career . ▁While ▁she ▁is ▁away , ▁Jerry ▁is ▁caught ▁in ▁heavy ▁rain ▁returning ▁L ass ie ▁home ▁and ▁develop s ▁p neum onia . ▁Helen ▁returns ▁to ▁Br ush y ▁G ap ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁house , ▁Thomas ▁Chand ler |
▁( L loyd ▁N olan ), ▁nursing ▁Jerry ▁back ▁to ▁health . ▁Soon ▁after ▁Jerry ▁has ▁recovered , ▁the ▁or phan age ▁cat ches ▁on ▁fire , ▁and ▁L ass ie ▁and ▁Tom ▁both ▁rescue ▁Jerry ▁from ▁the ▁bl aze . ▁Helen ▁then ▁decides ▁to ▁adopt ▁Jerry ▁and ▁remain ▁in ▁Br ush y ▁G ap . ▁ ▁Main ▁cast ▁ ▁Pal ▁( cred ited ▁as ▁" L ass ie ") ▁as ▁L ass ie ▁ ▁Jean ette ▁Mac Donald ▁as ▁Helen ▁Lor field ▁Winter ▁▁ ▁Lloyd ▁N olan ▁as ▁Thomas ▁I . ▁Chand ler ▁▁ ▁Claude ▁Jar man ▁Jr . ▁as ▁Jerry ▁▁ ▁Lewis ▁Stone ▁as ▁Arthur ▁Nort on ▁▁ ▁Per cy ▁Kil br ide ▁as ▁Mr . ▁Will ie ▁B . ▁Will ieg ood ▁▁ ▁Nicholas ▁Joy ▁as ▁Victor ▁Al v ord ▁▁ ▁Margaret ▁Hamilton ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Gol ight ly ▁▁ ▁Hope ▁Land in ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Pope ▁▁ ▁Est her ▁Som ers ▁as ▁Susan , ▁the ▁maid ▁ ▁Production ▁Part s ▁of ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁Glen wood , ▁California , ▁and ▁l umber ▁from ▁the ▁set ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁build ▁the ▁last ▁town ▁post ▁office . ▁ ▁Music ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Film ▁Score ▁Month ly ▁released ▁the ▁complete ▁scores ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁L ass ie ▁feature ▁films ▁released ▁by ▁M GM ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁El mer ▁Bern stein ’ s ▁score ▁for ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Dog ' |
s ▁Life ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁in ▁the ▁CD ▁collection : ▁L ass ie ▁Come ▁Home : ▁The ▁Can ine ▁Cin ema ▁Collection , ▁limited ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁copies . ▁▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁era ▁when ▁these ▁scores ▁were ▁recorded , ▁nearly ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁masters ▁have ▁been ▁lost ▁so ▁the ▁scores ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁recon struct ed ▁and ▁restored ▁from ▁the ▁best ▁available ▁sources , ▁mainly ▁the ▁Music ▁and ▁Effect s ▁tracks ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁mon a ural ▁ ¼ ″ ▁t apes . ▁ ▁The ▁score ▁for ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁André ▁Pre vin . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁for ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁( Dis c ▁ 4 ) ▁ ▁Main ▁Title */ New ▁Tr ick ▁for ▁L ass ie */ H ank ’ s ▁Death * ▁- ▁ 2 : 5 3 ▁ ▁Helen ▁Le aves ▁Her ▁Home */ S leep ▁in ▁the ▁Car */ Sc ener y */ R ab bits ▁for ▁R ent */ That ’ s ▁a ▁B arg ain * ▁- ▁ 4 : 2 7 ▁ ▁I ▁Had ▁a ▁Boy */ J erry ’ s ▁W ages * ▁- ▁ 2 : 0 3 ▁ ▁Ad option * ▁ 0 : 4 4 ▁ ▁Long ▁Walk */ T ears ▁for ▁Two */ L ass ie ▁Her ds ▁the ▁C ows * ▁- ▁ 4 : 2 8 ▁ ▁Storm ▁Over ▁Jerry */ Hel en ▁Me ets ▁Tom */ I ’ m ▁Going ▁to ▁Man |
ville */ P neum onia * ▁- ▁ 4 : 2 3 ▁ ▁I ▁Always ▁E at ▁It */ I ▁Can ’ t ▁Take ▁Jerry ▁A way */ F are ▁You ▁Well * ▁- ▁ 4 : 4 9 ▁ ▁Tom ▁& ▁Jerry * ▁- ▁ 3 : 3 5 ▁ ▁Jerry ▁Run s ▁A way */ One ▁Dog ’ s ▁Family ▁& ▁End ▁Title */ End ▁Cast ▁- ▁ 2 : 0 6 ▁▁ ▁Bon us ▁tracks ▁ ▁Tes ▁Ye ux ▁( R en é ▁Rab ey ) ▁ 0 : 5 1 ▁ ▁Un ▁Bel ▁Di ▁( G iac omo ▁P ucc ini ) ▁ 3 : 3 3 ▁ ▁Songs ▁My ▁Mother ▁T aught ▁Me ▁( Ant on ín ▁D vo ř ák ) ▁ 1 : 0 9 ▁ ▁C ous in ▁E b ene e zer ▁( Pre vin – Will iam ▁K atz ) ▁ 1 : 1 3 ▁ ▁If ▁You ▁Were ▁Mine ▁( Pre vin – K atz ) ▁ 1 : 4 6 ▁ ▁Tom ▁& ▁Jerry * † ▁( film ▁version ) ▁ 3 : 3 3 ▁ ▁Jerry ▁Run s ▁A way * † / One ▁Dog ’ s ▁Family ▁& ▁End ▁Title * † / End ▁Cast ▁( film ▁version ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 0 6 ▁▁ ▁Cont ains ▁Sound ▁Effect s ▁ ▁† Contains ▁Dialog ue ▁▁ ▁Total ▁Time : ▁ 4 3 : 7 1 ▁ ▁Re ception ▁According ▁to ▁M GM ▁records ▁the ▁film ▁earned ▁$ 2 |
, 0 4 4 , 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁loss ▁of ▁$ 5 4 9 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁DVD ▁release ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁The ▁Sun ▁Com es ▁Up ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁DVD ▁through ▁the ▁Warner ▁Arch ive . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Met ro - Gold w yn - M ayer ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : L ass ie ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Richard ▁Thor pe ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁André ▁Pre vin ▁Category : Fil ms ▁with ▁screen pl ays ▁by ▁William ▁Ludwig <0x0A> </s> ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes ▁( born ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brazil , ▁died ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁following ▁a ▁car ▁accident ). ▁Brazil ian ▁poet , ▁visual ▁poet , ▁pione er ▁of ▁new ▁media ▁poetry , ▁professor ▁in ▁the ▁Commun ication ▁and ▁Sem i ology ▁post - grad uation ▁program ▁at ▁the ▁Pont if ical ▁University ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo . ▁He ▁performed ▁research ▁for ▁his ▁post - graduate ▁degree ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁B olog na , ▁in ▁Italy ▁( 1 9 9 0 ). ▁With ▁Brazil ian ▁artist ▁Wil ton |
▁Az ev edo ▁Phil ad ep ho ▁M ene zes ▁created ▁a ▁pione er ▁inter media - po etry ▁CD - ROM : ▁" Inter P oes ia . ▁Po es ia ▁H iper mid ia ▁Inter ativa " ▁( 1 9 9 8 ). ▁In ▁Italy ▁he ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁net - po etry ▁project : ▁Karen ina . it , ▁by ▁Italian ▁artist ▁C ater ina ▁Dav in io . ▁ ▁Public ations ▁His ▁doctor ate ▁thesis ▁was ▁published ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁" The ▁Cris es ▁of ▁the ▁Past : ▁Modern ity , ▁Post - Mod ern ity , ▁Meta - Mod ern ity ." ▁He ▁published ▁his ▁first ▁book ▁of ▁poems , ▁" 4 ▁a ch ados ▁constru íd os " ▁( four ▁found ▁and ▁built ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁Other ▁publications ▁are : ▁Po em as ▁ 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 8 2 ▁(" Po ems ▁ 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 8 2 ") ▁( 1 9 8 4 ) ▁Dem oli ções ▁( ou ▁poem as ▁ar it m ét icos ) ▁[ Dem ol itions ▁( or ▁ar ith metic ▁poems ) ], ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Po etry ▁and ▁Visual ization : ▁Cont emporary ▁Brazil ian ▁Po etry , ▁book ▁essay , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Po es ia ▁Son ora ▁– ▁Po ét icas ▁experiment ais ▁da ▁vo z ▁no ▁Sé cul o ▁XX . ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁E DU C |
, ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Po etics ▁and ▁new ▁technologies ▁of ▁communication : ▁a ▁semi otic ▁approach " ▁in ▁Face . ▁Rev ista ▁de ▁Sem ió t ica ▁e ▁Com un ica ção , ▁D . 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Po es ia ▁In ters ign os - Do ▁Im press o ▁ao ▁Son oro ▁e ▁ao ▁Digital . ▁In : ▁Ex pos ição , ▁Po es ia ▁Son ora , ▁Sem in ário . ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Pa ço ▁das ▁Ar tes ▁da ▁Univers idade ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Po es ia ▁inter sign os , ▁Tim bre , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁ ▁CD ▁Rom ▁Po es ia ▁son ora ▁( do ▁fon et ismo ▁à s ▁po ét icas ▁cont em po â ne as ▁da ▁vo z ), ▁L LS , ▁Un iv . ▁Cat ol ica ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Inter po es ia ▁( P oes ia ▁H iper mid ia ▁Inter ativa ), ▁P UC - SP ▁y ▁Un iv . ▁Pres b iter iana ▁Mack enz ie , ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 8 ▁ ▁Cultural ▁Fest ivals ▁He ▁organized ▁important ▁cultural ▁fest ivals ▁about ▁international ▁experimental ▁poetry , ▁new ▁media ▁poetry , ▁avant - g ard es , ▁such ▁as : ▁" S on orous ▁Po etry : ▁Exper imental ▁Po etry ▁of ▁the ▁Voice ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 |
th ▁Century " ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁" Inter - Sign ▁Po etry " ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁the ▁" Intern ational ▁Show ▁of ▁Visual ▁Po etry ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo " ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes , ▁Po es ia ▁Son ora ▁– ▁Po ét icas ▁experiment ais ▁da ▁vo z ▁no ▁Sé cul o ▁XX . ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁E DU C , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁ ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes , ▁" Po etics ▁and ▁new ▁technologies ▁of ▁communication : ▁a ▁semi otic ▁approach " ▁in ▁" Face . ▁Rev ista ▁de ▁Sem ió t ica ▁e ▁Com un ica ção ", ▁D . 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁site : ▁[ www . p uc sp ▁br / ~ cos - p uc / face ] ▁ ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes , ▁" P oes ia ▁In ters ign os - Do ▁Im press o ▁ao ▁Son oro ▁e ▁ao ▁Digital ". ▁In : ▁" Ex pos ição , ▁Po es ia ▁Son ora ", ▁Sem in ário . ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Pa ço ▁das ▁Ar tes ▁da ▁Univers idade ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes ▁- ▁Po es ia ▁In ters ign os , ▁Tim bre , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁ ▁C ater ina ▁Dav in io , |
▁T ec no - P oes ia ▁e ▁real t à ▁virtual i ▁( T ech no - Po etry ▁and ▁Virtual ▁Real ities ), ▁M ant ova ▁( I ), ▁Som etti ▁Pub l ., ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁" Gu ia ▁para ▁la ▁lect ura ▁de ▁la ▁po es ia ▁inter sign os ", ▁en ▁comp il ación ▁de ▁C és ar ▁E spin osa ▁Sign os ▁Cor ros ivos , ▁Ed . ▁F actor , ▁Ci udad ▁de ▁México , ▁México , 1 9 8 7 ▁ ▁" U ma ▁ab ord agem ▁tip olog ica ▁da ▁po es ia ▁visual ", ▁en ▁cat á logo ▁I ▁Most ra ▁Intern acional ▁de ▁Po es ía ▁Visual ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Nob el , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁ ▁Po et ica ▁e ▁visual idad ▁( uma ▁tr aj et ória ▁da ▁po es ía ▁bras ile ña ▁contempor á nea ), ▁Editor a ▁da ▁UN IC AMP , ▁Camp inas , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁ ▁Po etics ▁and ▁Visual ity , ▁San ▁Diego ▁State ▁University ▁Press , ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁USA , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁Trad . ▁Harry ▁Pol kin horn ▁ ▁" B raz il ian ▁Visual ▁Po etry ", ▁en ▁rev ista ▁" Visible ▁Language ", ▁vol . ▁ 2 7 , ▁nr . ▁ 4 , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁School ▁of ▁Language , ▁Prov idence , ▁USA , ▁ 1 |
9 9 3 ▁ ▁" El ▁experimental ismo ▁poet ico ▁modern o ▁( P oes ía ▁visual : ▁en ▁bus ca ▁del ▁arte ▁actual )", ▁cap ítulo ▁V ▁del ▁libro ▁A ▁cr ise ▁do ▁pass ado . ▁Modern idad , ▁v angu ard a , ▁met am od ern idad , ▁Ed . ▁Exper imento , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁R ote iro ▁de ▁le it ura : ▁po es ia ▁con cre ta ▁e ▁visual , ▁Editor a ▁At ica , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁" P oes ia ▁inter sign os ▁( Do ▁impress o ▁ao ▁son oro ▁e ▁ao ▁digital )", ▁en ▁cat á logo ▁hom ón imo , ▁Pa ço ▁das ▁Ar tes , ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁CD ▁Rom ▁ ▁Ph j il adelph o ▁M ene zes , ▁Po es ia ▁son ora ▁( do ▁fon et ismo ▁à s ▁po ét icas ▁cont em po â ne as ▁da ▁vo z ), ▁L LS , ▁Un iv . ▁Cat ol ica ▁de ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁Brasil , 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁Phil adelph o ▁M ene zes ▁y ▁Wil ton ▁Az ered o , ▁IN TER PO ES IA ▁( P oes ia ▁H iper mid ia ▁Inter ativa ), ▁P UC - SP ▁y ▁Un iv . ▁Pres b iter iana ▁Mack enz ie , ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 |
8 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Review ▁▁▁ ▁Karen ina . it ▁ ▁it , ▁en ▁ ▁Po ev ision i ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁it ▁ ▁Art ▁Trib us ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Digital ▁poetry ▁ ▁Visual ▁poetry ▁ ▁Con crete ▁Po etry ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁deaths ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁São ▁Paulo ▁Category : B raz il ian ▁male ▁po ets ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Brazil ian ▁po ets ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Brazil ian ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Elizabeth ▁We bb ▁ ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁L izz ie ▁We bb , ▁British ▁exercise ▁TV ▁present er ▁Beth ▁We bb , ▁British ▁children ' s ▁author ▁Bet ty ▁We bb , ▁American ▁journalist ▁and ▁author ▁of ▁detective ▁books ▁Liz ▁We bb , ▁character ▁in ▁Te achers ▁( UK ▁TV ▁series ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Sign ific ant ▁law su its ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁are ▁described , ▁if ▁not ▁elsewhere , ▁here ▁( in ▁chron ological ▁order ). ▁ ▁Cons olid ations ▁of ▁stat ute ▁law ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 , ▁ 1 8 7 7 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁A ▁useful ▁" Index ▁to ▁the ▁Private ▁Act s ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick , ▁ 1 9 |
2 9 - 2 0 1 2 " ▁exists ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Bar ▁Association . ▁For ▁early ▁history , ▁see ▁the ▁series ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Cars well ▁Company : ▁Re ports ▁of ▁C ases ▁Det erm ined ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁ ▁Ges ner ▁v ▁C air ns ▁( 1 8 5 2 ) ▁ ▁Ges ner ▁maintained ▁that ▁C air ns ▁tres pass ed ▁the ▁property ▁le ased ▁by ▁the ▁former , ▁fell ed ▁trees ▁on ▁it , ▁sp oli ated ▁it ▁and ▁ex propri ated ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁valuable ▁material . ▁Ges ner ▁maintained ▁the ▁material ▁to ▁be ▁as ph alt um , ▁while ▁C air ns ▁was ▁a ▁coal ▁miner . ▁The ▁def endant ▁was ▁evident ly ▁permitted ▁to ▁mine ▁coal , ▁not ▁as ph alt um . ▁The ▁evidence ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁jury ▁was ▁of ▁a ▁technical ▁nature ▁and ▁regarded ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁material . ▁The ▁def endant ▁won ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Ma her ▁v ▁Town ▁Council ▁of ▁Portland ▁( 1 8 7 4 ) ▁ ▁Ma her ▁v ▁Town ▁Council ▁of ▁Portland ▁tested ▁the ▁constitutional ▁guarante es ▁for ▁denomin ational ▁schools ▁set ▁out ▁in ▁section ▁ 9 3 ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁North ▁America ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁The ▁issue ▁was ▁whether ▁the ▁Common ▁Schools ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁inf ring ed ▁the ▁guarantee ▁of ▁denomin ational ▁schools ▁set ▁out ▁in ▁section |
▁ 9 3 ( 1 ). ▁ ▁Dow ▁v ▁Black ▁( 1 8 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Dow ▁v ▁Black ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁major ▁cases ▁exam ining ▁in ▁detail ▁the ▁division ▁of ▁powers ▁between ▁the ▁federal ▁Parliament ▁and ▁the ▁provincial ▁Legisl atures , ▁set ▁out ▁in ▁s . ▁ 9 1 ▁and ▁s . ▁ 9 2 ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁North ▁America ▁Act . ▁ ▁The ▁Car a quet ▁R i ots ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Car a quet ▁R i ots ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 5 ▁stem med ▁from ▁the ▁Common ▁Schools ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁franc oph one ▁Catholic ▁cler gy ▁was ▁hostile ▁to ▁the ▁Act , ▁which ▁for b ade ▁religious ▁instruction ▁in ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁schools . ▁The ▁local ▁priest ▁in ▁Car a quet , ▁Joseph ▁Pel let ier , ▁and ▁local ▁representative ▁to ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly , ▁ 3 1 - year - old ▁Th é ot ime ▁Bl anch ard , ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁Catholic ▁protest ▁strateg em ▁to ▁with hold ▁tax ▁mon ies ▁and ▁to ▁dis reg ard ▁local ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁school ▁board . ▁In ▁the ▁British ▁North ▁American ▁system ▁of ▁government , ▁education ▁and ▁the ▁school ▁boards ▁were ▁purely ▁a ▁local ▁concern , ▁with ▁the ▁province ▁supplement ing ▁locally ▁determined ▁budget s . ▁Certain ▁Protest ants ▁in ▁Car a quet ▁held ▁to ▁the ▁system ▁as ▁directed ▁by ▁the ▁Crown ▁and ▁went ▁ahead ▁with ▁the ▁scheme ▁of ▁the ▁Act |
. ▁The ▁Catholic ▁strateg em ▁of ▁elect oral ▁non com pl iance , ▁which ▁was ▁perceived ▁as ▁der el iction , ▁was ▁singular ly ▁un successful ▁and ▁led ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁ri ots , ▁and ▁subsequent ▁violent ▁death ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁incident ▁of ▁one ▁Catholic ▁pro tes ter ▁and ▁one ▁police ▁const able . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math , ▁the ▁ri ot ▁was ▁adj ud icated ▁as ▁R ▁v ▁Ma ill oux ▁et ▁al ., ▁while ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁the ▁const able ▁was ▁reported ▁as ▁R ▁v ▁Chi ass on . ▁ ▁The ▁conv ictions ▁were ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 8 7 6 . ▁The ▁ver dict s ▁were ▁up held ▁in ▁the ▁matter ▁of ▁the ▁ri ot , ▁but ▁later ▁vac ated ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁l apse ▁of ▁time ▁between ▁incident ▁and ▁conviction . ▁ ▁The ▁conviction ▁of ▁Chi ass on ▁was ▁vac ated ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁grounds . ▁ ▁Russell ▁v ▁R ▁( 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ ▁Russell ▁v ▁R ▁is ▁a ▁land mark ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁decision ▁regarding ▁the ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁North ▁America ▁Act ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁cases ▁explaining ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁peace , ▁order ▁and ▁good ▁government ▁power ▁in ▁Canadian ▁federal ism . ▁Specific ally , ▁it ▁dealt ▁with ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁Parliament ▁to ▁delegate ▁authority , ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁under ▁the ▁Canada ▁Tem per ance ▁Act , ▁to , ▁in |
▁this ▁instance , ▁municipal ▁coun c ils . ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Roberts on ▁( 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ ▁The ▁federal ▁government ▁attempted ▁to ▁sell ▁a ▁fisher y ▁lease ▁on ▁the ▁Mir am ichi ▁River . ▁ ▁At ▁issue ▁was ▁the ▁loc us ▁of ▁juris diction . ▁Section ▁ 9 1 ( 1 2 ) ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ▁Act , ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁assign s ▁to ▁the ▁federal ▁Parliament ▁at ▁Ott awa ▁exclusive ▁legisl ative ▁authority ▁over ▁Sea ▁Coast ▁and ▁In land ▁Fisher ies . ▁Although ▁it ▁was ▁initially ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁had ▁exclusive ▁juris diction ▁over ▁all ▁fisher ies ▁throughout ▁Canada , ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁here ▁that ▁section ▁ 9 1 ( 1 2 ) ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁transfer ring ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁beds ▁of ▁fresh water ▁rivers ▁and ▁l akes ▁to ▁the ▁federal ▁government . ▁The ▁fisher ies ▁authority ▁v ested ▁in ▁Parliament ▁ends ▁where ▁provincial ▁authority ▁over ▁property ▁and ▁civil ▁rights ▁begins , ▁unless ▁an ▁enc ro achment ▁is ▁essential ▁to ▁the ▁effectiveness ▁of ▁federal ▁legislation . ▁Under ▁ancient ▁British ▁fisher ies ▁law , ▁rights ▁to ▁fish ▁in ▁tid al ▁waters ▁were ▁of ▁a ▁fundament ally ▁different ▁legal ▁character ▁from ▁rights ▁to ▁fish ▁in ▁in land ▁or ▁non - t idal ▁waters . ▁The ▁former ▁were ▁public ▁rights ▁v ested ▁in ▁the ▁Crown ▁as ▁pare ns ▁pat ria e ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁public ▁and ▁could ▁have ▁no ▁new ▁private ▁owner ▁after ▁Mag na ▁Chart a . ▁The ▁latter , |
▁which ▁were ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁property , ▁required ▁an ▁owner ▁and ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁v ested ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁generally . ▁In ▁determining ▁the ▁respective ▁juris dict ions ▁of ▁Parliament ▁and ▁the ▁provin ces , ▁the ▁court ▁seized ▁on ▁the ▁distinction ▁between ▁fishing ▁as ▁a ▁public ▁right ▁and ▁fishing ▁as ▁a ▁propriet ary ▁right . ▁In ▁the ▁Provinc ial ▁Fisher ies ▁Reference , ▁the ▁Jud icial ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁distinguished ▁between ▁rights ▁of ▁property ▁and ▁legisl ative ▁juris diction , ▁holding ▁that ▁section ▁ 9 1 ▁con ferred ▁the ▁latter ▁on ▁the ▁federal ▁Parliament ▁and ▁that ▁only ▁the ▁provin ces ▁were ▁compet ent ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁private ▁right ▁of ▁fisher ies ▁in ▁in land ▁waters ▁under ▁section ▁ 9 2 ( 5 ), ▁Management ▁and ▁Sale ▁of ▁Public ▁L ands , ▁or ▁under ▁section ▁ 9 2 ( 1 3 ), ▁Property ▁and ▁Civil ▁Rights . ▁Since ▁such ▁" leg is lation ▁deals ▁directly ▁with ▁property , ▁its ▁dispos al , ▁and ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁be ▁enjoyed ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁it ", ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁fall ▁under ▁section ▁ 9 1 ( 1 2 ). ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁Province ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁allocate ▁the ▁resource ; ▁that ▁is , ▁to ▁decide ▁who ▁may ▁fish , ▁how ▁much ▁may ▁be ▁harvest ed ▁per ▁person , ▁and ▁where ▁the ▁harvest ing ▁may ▁occur . ▁It ▁could ▁do ▁this ▁through ▁the ▁iss uing ▁of ▁lic ences , ▁through ▁its ▁own ▁legislation ▁and ▁through ▁property ▁transactions . ▁The ▁federal ▁government ▁retained |
▁the ▁right ▁in ▁in land ▁waters ▁to ▁preserve , ▁protect ▁and ▁manage ▁the ▁fisher ies . ▁This ▁included ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁set ▁the ▁maximum ▁amount ▁of ▁fish ▁to ▁be ▁harvest ed , ▁and ▁to ▁imp ose ▁gear ▁restrictions ▁and ▁limitations ▁on ▁locations . ▁The ▁federal ▁government ▁also ▁retained ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁legisl ate ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁protection ▁of ▁fish ▁habitat ▁and ▁waters ▁frequ ented ▁by ▁fish . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁federal ▁Parliament ' s ▁in ability ▁to ▁legisl ate ▁respect ing ▁property ▁and ▁civil ▁rights , ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁in ▁the ▁Provinc ial ▁Fisher ies ▁Reference ▁made ▁it ▁clear ▁that ▁if ▁federal ▁legislation ▁is ▁truly ▁legislation ▁respect ing ▁fisher ies ▁it ▁may ▁power fully ▁affect ▁propriet ary ▁rights . ▁ ▁The ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁case ▁was ▁profound . ▁The ▁ 2 5 th ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Legisl ature ▁passed ▁The ▁Fisher ies ▁Act ▁and ▁An ▁Act ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁the ▁Survey , ▁Res ervation ▁and ▁Protection ▁of ▁L umber ▁L ands . ▁The ▁latter ▁Act ▁created ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁private ▁fishing ▁reserve , ▁let ▁from ▁the ▁provincial ▁Crown , ▁and ▁protected ▁by ▁game ▁ward ens ▁who ▁had ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁commence ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁ga ol ing ▁off enders . ▁ ▁Mar itime ▁Bank ▁L iqu id ators ▁v ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁( 1 8 8 9 ) ▁ ▁This ▁case ▁decided ▁that ▁the ▁( Prov inc ial ) ▁Crown ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁superior ▁status ▁in ▁mon ies ▁on ▁demand ▁deposit ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁other ▁credit ors ▁in |
▁the ▁liquid ation ▁of ▁a ▁bank . ▁Lord ▁Watson : ▁ ▁AG ▁v ▁AG ▁( 1 9 0 4 ) ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁acc ession ▁to ▁the ▁Domin ion ▁of ▁several ▁new ▁provin ces ▁after ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁the ▁Att orneys - General ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁and ▁of ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island ▁had ▁suit ▁against ▁the ▁AG ▁Canada ▁for ▁interpret ations ▁dis f av our able ▁to ▁their ▁elect ors . ▁ ▁Saint ▁John ▁Pil ot ▁Commission ers ▁v ▁C umber land ▁Railway ▁( 1 9 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Whether ▁the ▁C umber land ▁Railway ▁and ▁Coal ▁Company ▁were ▁li able ▁to ▁the ▁pred ations ▁of ▁the ▁Saint ▁John ▁Pil ot ▁Commission ers ▁was ▁the ▁case ▁in ▁issue ▁here . ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Mar sh , ▁Ex ▁parte ▁Walker ▁( 1 9 0 9 ) ▁ ▁In ▁R ▁v ▁Mar sh , ▁Ex ▁parte ▁Walker ▁( 1 9 0 9 ), ▁ 3 9 ▁N BR ▁ 3 2 9 , ▁the ▁def endant ▁was ▁a ▁station ▁agent ▁of ▁the ▁Inter colon ial ▁Railway ▁at ▁Freder ict on . ▁He ▁was ▁convicted ▁under ▁the ▁Canada ▁Tem per ance ▁Act ▁of ▁an ▁off ence ▁of ▁ware h ousing ▁and ▁keeping ▁for ▁delivery ▁a ▁quantity ▁of ▁into xic ating ▁liqu or ▁brought ▁into ▁the ▁railway ▁station ▁by ▁the ▁Inter colon ial ▁Railway , ▁while ▁acting ▁as ▁a ▁servant ▁of ▁the ▁railway , ▁a ▁public ▁work ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Crown ▁in ▁right ▁of ▁Canada . ▁It ▁was ▁held ▁that |
▁the ▁Crown , ▁not ▁being ▁express ly ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁Canada ▁Tem per ance ▁Act , ▁was ▁not ▁bound ▁thereby ▁and ▁therefore ▁its ▁station ▁agent , ▁acting ▁in ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁his ▁duty , ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁convicted ▁of ▁the ▁off ence . ▁ ▁In gle wood ▁v ▁N B ▁Power ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁ ▁In gle wood ▁v ▁N B ▁Power , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Jud icial ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁aff irmed ▁the ▁judgment ▁of ▁the ▁N B ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁dealt ▁with ▁the ▁interest ▁pay able ▁on ▁ex propri ation , ▁and ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁game ▁to ▁hunt ▁were ▁action able . ▁ ▁King ▁v ▁Ass ess ors ▁of ▁Bath urst ▁County ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁ ▁The ▁issue ▁of ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁school ▁taxes ▁lev ied ▁by ▁a ▁county ▁were ▁pay able ▁by ▁an ▁employer ▁of ▁significant ▁size ▁was ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁King ▁v ▁Ass ess ors ▁of ▁Bath urst ▁County , ▁ex ▁parte ▁Bath urst ▁Company ▁Ltd . ▁The ▁King ▁( in ▁effect , ▁the ▁corporation ) ▁asked ▁whether ▁the ▁county ▁was ▁right ▁to ▁assess ▁taxes ▁in ▁the ▁amount ▁it ▁did . ▁The ▁court ▁answered ▁in ▁the ▁affirm ative ▁but ▁several ▁months ▁later ▁the ▁corporation ▁began ▁vel vet ▁black mail ▁and ▁the ▁government ▁c aved ▁and ▁brought ▁in ▁new ▁legislation . ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Le Bl anc ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁ ▁In ▁R ▁v ▁Le Bl anc ▁( 1 9 3 0 ), ▁ 1 |
▁M PR ▁ 2 1 , ▁acting ▁in ▁ob ed ience ▁to ▁his ▁instructions , ▁a ▁road ▁super visor ▁stored ▁dynam ite ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Crown ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁contrary ▁to ▁the ▁Expl os ives ▁Act , ▁R SC ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁c . ▁ 6 2 , ▁an ▁Act ▁not ▁made ▁binding ▁on ▁the ▁provincial ▁Crown . ▁The ▁conviction ▁of ▁the ▁Crown ' s ▁servant , ▁acting ▁in ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁his ▁employment ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁public ▁work , ▁was ▁set ▁aside . ▁The ▁servant ▁was ▁held ▁excluded ▁from ▁the ▁provisions ▁of ▁the ▁Expl os ives ▁Act ▁as ▁was ▁his ▁employer , ▁the ▁Crown . ▁ ▁P it re ▁v ▁R ▁( 1 9 3 2 ) ▁ ▁This ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁decision ▁confirmed ▁the ▁re - t rial ▁of ▁P it re , ▁who ▁was ▁tried ▁for ▁murder , ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁error ▁of ▁the ▁trial ▁judge , ▁upon ▁the ▁latter ' s ▁mis direction ▁of ▁the ▁jury . ▁ ▁The ▁trial ▁judge ▁charged ▁the ▁jury ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁way ▁as ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁impression ▁that ▁they ▁should ▁not ▁conv ict ▁on ▁the ▁un cor ro bor ated ▁evidence ▁of ▁an ▁accompl ice ▁and , ▁unless ▁they ▁found ▁cor ro bor ative ▁evidence , ▁their ▁duty ▁was ▁to ▁acqu it ; ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁a ▁mis direction ▁in ▁law ; ▁and , ▁under ▁the ▁circumstances , ▁probably ▁had ▁a ▁material ▁effect |
▁upon ▁the ▁jury ' s ▁minds . ▁ ▁The ▁jury ▁should ▁be ▁told ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁within ▁their ▁legal ▁province ▁to ▁conv ict , ▁but ▁should ▁be ▁warned ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁dangerous ▁to ▁conv ict , ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁advised ▁not ▁to ▁conv ict , ▁on ▁the ▁un cor ro bor ated ▁evidence ▁of ▁an ▁accompl ice . ▁R ex ▁v . ▁B ask erv ille , ▁[ 1 9 1 6 ] ▁ 2 ▁K B . ▁ 6 5 8 ; ▁R ex ▁v . ▁Be e be , ▁ 1 9 ▁Cr . ▁App . ▁R . ▁ 2 2 ; ▁G ou in ▁v . ▁The ▁King , ▁[ 1 9 2 6 ] ▁Can . ▁S . C . R . ▁ 5 3 9 , ▁and ▁other ▁cases ▁referred ▁to . ▁R inf ret , ▁Lam ont ▁and ▁Smith ▁J J . ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁trial ▁judge ▁had ▁right ly ▁refused ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁certain ▁witness ▁as ▁to ▁certain ▁letters ▁being ▁in ▁app ell ant ' s ▁hand writing , ▁as ▁the ▁witness ’ ▁compet ency ▁to ▁test ify ▁in ▁that ▁regard ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁established ; ▁a ▁witness ▁may ▁be ▁compet ent ▁to ▁test ify ▁as ▁to ▁a ▁person ' s ▁hand writing ▁by ▁reason ▁of ▁having ▁become ▁familiar ▁with ▁his ▁hand writing ▁through ▁a ▁regular ▁correspondence ; ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁present ▁case ▁the ▁evidence ▁to ▁establish ▁compet ency ▁did ▁not ▁she w ▁sufficient ▁to ▁const itute ▁a ▁" regular ▁correspondence ." ▁ |
▁P it re ▁was ▁convicted ▁at ▁the ▁re - t rial , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁person ▁h anged ▁in ▁Bath urst , ▁the ▁sh ire ▁town ▁for ▁Gl ou cester ▁County . ▁ ▁Atlantic ▁Sm oke ▁Sh ops ▁v ▁Con lon ▁( 1 9 4 3 ) ▁The ▁Tob acco ▁Tax ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁( N . B .), ▁c . ▁ 4 4 , ▁provides , ▁inter ▁al ia , ▁that ▁" every ▁consumer ▁of ▁tobacco ▁purchased ▁at ▁a ▁retail ▁sale ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁shall ▁pay ▁to " ▁the ▁province ▁" for ▁the ▁raising ▁of ▁a ▁revenue , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁making ▁his ▁purchase , ▁a ▁tax ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁the ▁consumption ▁of ▁such ▁tobacco " ▁( section ▁ 4 ); ▁and ▁the ▁Act ▁also ▁provides ▁that ▁" every ▁person ▁res iding ▁or ▁ordin arily ▁resident ▁or ▁carrying ▁on ▁business ▁in " ▁the ▁province ▁" who ▁brings ▁into ▁the ▁province ▁or ▁who ▁receives ▁delivery ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁tobacco ▁for ▁his ▁own ▁consumption ▁or ▁for ▁the ▁consumption ▁of ▁other ▁persons ▁at ▁his ▁expense ▁or ▁on ▁behalf ▁of ▁or ▁as ▁agent ▁for ▁a ▁principal ▁who ▁desires ▁to ▁acquire ▁such ▁tobacco ▁for ▁consumption ▁by ▁such ▁principal ▁or ▁other ▁persons ▁at ▁his ▁expense ▁* ▁* ▁* ▁shall ▁pay ▁the ▁same ▁tax ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁the ▁consumption ▁of ▁such ▁tobacco " ▁( section ▁ 5 ). ▁Section ▁ 1 0 ▁provides ▁that ▁" a ▁consumer ▁shall ▁be ▁and ▁remain ▁li able ▁for ▁the ▁tax ▁imposed ▁by ▁the ▁Act ▁until ▁the |
▁same ▁has ▁been ▁collected ." ▁Under ▁section ▁ 2 ▁( a ) ▁" consum er " ▁means ▁not ▁only ▁any ▁person ▁who ▁within ▁the ▁Province ▁purchases ▁tobacco ▁for ▁his ▁own ▁consumption , ▁but ▁also ▁any ▁other ▁person ▁who ▁purchases ▁tobacco ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁as ▁agent ▁for ▁his ▁principal ▁who ▁desires ▁to ▁acquire ▁such ▁tobacco ▁for ▁consumption ▁by ▁such ▁principal . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁en act ed ▁( section ▁ 3 ▁( 2 )) ▁that ▁only ▁retail ▁vendors ▁licensed ▁under ▁the ▁Act ▁may ▁sell ▁tobacco ▁at ▁a ▁retail ▁sale ▁in ▁the ▁province . ▁Reg ulations ▁made ▁under ▁the ▁Act ▁by ▁Or ders ▁in ▁Council ▁were ▁declared ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁force ▁of ▁stat ute ▁( section ▁ 2 0 ▁( 2 )). ▁Reg ulation ▁ 6 ▁provides ▁that ▁" every ▁application ▁for ▁a ▁( ret ail ) ▁vendor ' s ▁license ▁* ▁* ▁* ▁shall ▁contain ▁an ▁undert aking ▁by ▁the ▁applic ant ▁to ▁collect ▁and ▁rem it ▁the ▁tax ▁* ▁* ▁* ▁and ▁shall ▁be ▁in ▁Form ▁ 2 "; ▁and ▁when ▁signing ▁that ▁Form , ▁the ▁applic ant ▁undert akes ▁" to ▁act ▁as ▁the ▁agent ▁of ▁the ▁Minister ▁for ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁tax ▁* ▁* ▁* ▁and ▁to ▁account ▁to ▁the ▁province ▁* ▁* ▁* ▁for ▁all ▁m one ys ▁so ▁collected ." ▁ ▁Appe al ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada , ▁where ▁the ▁majority ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁Act ▁was ▁within ▁the ▁constitutional ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁province , ▁except ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁provisions ▁making ▁the ▁agent , ▁who |
▁bu ys ▁tobacco ▁for ▁his ▁principal ▁personally ▁li able ▁for ▁the ▁tax , ▁which ▁provisions ▁were ▁deemed ▁to ▁be ▁sever able . ▁ ▁Appe al ▁was ▁then ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁J CP C , ▁which ▁advised ▁His ▁Maj esty ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁that ▁the ▁appeal ▁fails ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁Tob acco ▁Tax ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁is ▁in ▁all ▁respect s ▁a ▁valid ▁exercise ▁of ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁legisl ature ▁of ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁The ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁must , ▁therefore , ▁be ▁varied ▁by ▁om itting ▁the ▁words ▁" with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁the ▁provisions ▁there of ▁making ▁the ▁agent ▁li able ▁for ▁the ▁tax ." ▁ ▁Bath urst ▁Ass ess ors ▁v ▁R ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁ ▁A K A ▁the ▁ex ▁parte ▁su itor , ▁D ex ter ▁v ▁Gl ou cester . ▁ ▁D ex ter ▁Construction ▁had ▁its ▁head ▁offices ▁in ▁ ▁Saint ▁John ▁County . ▁It ▁caused ▁to ▁be ▁ere cted ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁in ▁Gl ou cester ▁County . ▁It ▁considered ▁that ▁no ▁taxes ▁were ▁o wing ▁in ▁Gl ou cester ▁County , ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁R ates ▁and ▁Tax es ▁Act , ▁R . S . N . B . ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁c . ▁ 1 9 0 , ▁s . ▁ 2 0 . ▁The ▁Gl ou cester ▁County ▁assess ors ▁differ ed , ▁and ▁obtained |
▁a ▁judgment ▁that ▁valued ▁the ▁property ▁at ▁$ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁On ▁appeal ▁to ▁the ▁County ▁Court ▁Judge ▁the ▁latter ▁reduced ▁the ▁assessment ▁to ▁$ 2 7 5 , 0 0 0 ▁but ▁otherwise ▁confirmed ▁it . ▁The ▁N B SC ▁found ▁for ▁D ex ter , ▁but ▁the ▁S CC ▁revers ed ▁the ▁court ▁below , ▁and ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁County ▁Court ▁Judge ▁was ▁correct . ▁ ▁G ort on - P ew ▁( 1 9 5 1 - 2 ) ▁ ▁G ort on - P ew ▁Fisher ies , ▁Ltd ., ▁a ▁large ▁buyer ▁of ▁fish ▁in ▁Gl ou cester ▁County , ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁excess ▁weight ▁in ▁three ▁cat ches ▁of ▁fish . ▁The ▁cat ches , ▁when ▁we ighed , ▁were ▁found ▁to ▁contain ▁about ▁fifteen ▁per ▁cent ▁ice ▁and ▁trash . ▁When ▁the ▁union ▁allowed ▁only ▁a ▁ded uction ▁of ▁five ▁per ▁cent , ▁G ort on - P ew ▁with held ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁price . ▁Sub sequently , ▁b ids ▁by ▁G ort on - P ew ▁were ▁not ▁recognized ▁in ▁the ▁union ▁selling ▁rooms , ▁and ▁those ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁sell ▁to ▁them ▁were ▁threatened ▁with ▁a ▁black list ing ▁and ▁told ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁permitted ▁to ▁hire ▁union ▁cre ws . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁G ort on - P ew ▁sought ▁to ▁de - cert ify ▁the ▁union , ▁but ▁was ▁denied ▁by ▁the ▁N B SC . ▁ ▁W inner ▁v ▁S |
MT ▁( E astern ) ▁Ltd ▁( 1 9 5 4 ) ▁ ▁W inner ▁v ▁S MT ▁( E astern ) ▁Ltd , ▁the ▁last ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁J CP C ▁that ▁affected ▁Canadian ▁constitutional ▁jur isp rud ence . ▁One ▁opinion ▁observed ▁that ▁citizens ▁were ▁free ▁to ▁move ▁across ▁provincial ▁borders ▁and ▁live ▁wherever ▁they ▁chose ▁to , ▁and ▁only ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁could ▁limit ▁this ▁right . ▁ ▁N B ▁Electric ▁Power ▁Commission ▁v ▁Tob ique ▁Sal mon ▁Club ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁N BE PC ▁was ▁deemed ▁li able ▁for ▁inj urious ▁affection ▁of ▁the ▁sal mon ▁fishing ▁rights ▁of ▁the ▁Club ▁by ▁reason ▁of ▁the ▁N BE PC ▁having , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁constructed ▁a ▁dam ▁across ▁the ▁non - t idal ▁Tob ique ▁River ▁near ▁the ▁point ▁at ▁which ▁it ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁Saint ▁John ▁River ▁and , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁a ▁dam ▁across ▁the ▁Saint ▁John ▁River ▁at ▁Be ech wood , ▁fourteen ▁miles ▁down stream ▁from ▁the ▁Tob ique ▁Dam ▁at ▁a ▁point ▁also ▁above ▁tide ▁water . ▁ ▁No ▁comp uls ory ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁N BE PC ▁was ▁exerc ised ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁any ▁land ▁or ▁fishing ▁rights ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Club . ▁No ▁entry ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁N BE PC ▁into ▁or ▁upon ▁any ▁lands ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Club ▁owned ▁an ▁interest . ▁The ▁stat ut ory ▁liability ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁Act ▁was ▁clear ▁to ▁the ▁Court , ▁and |
▁hence ▁there ▁was ▁liability ▁on ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁N BE PC ▁to ▁pay ▁compensation ▁to ▁the ▁Club . ▁ ▁Bath urst ▁Paper ▁Limited ▁v . ▁Minister ▁of ▁Municipal ▁Affairs ▁of ▁N B ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Ass essment ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 6 6 , ▁c . ▁ 1 1 0 , ▁as ▁am ended ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁c . ▁ 2 5 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁c . ▁ 1 5 , ▁the ▁power ▁plant ▁of ▁the ▁app ell ant ▁company ▁was ▁assess ed ▁for ▁tax ▁for ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁On ▁appeal ▁to ▁the ▁Appe als ▁Trib unal ▁set ▁up ▁under ▁the ▁Act , ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁held ▁to ▁be ▁ex empt ▁under ▁s . ▁ 3 ▁of ▁An ▁Act ▁relating ▁to ▁Bath urst ▁Company , ▁Limited , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁( N . B .), ▁c . ▁ 7 5 , ▁which ▁Act ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁An ▁Act ▁respect ing ▁Bath urst ▁Paper ▁Limited — Les ▁Pap eter ies ▁Bath urst ▁L imit ée , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁( N . B .), ▁c . ▁ 1 2 4 . ▁Section ▁ 1 8 ( 2 ) ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act ▁provided ▁for ▁the ▁continued ▁recognition ▁of ▁tax ▁con cess ions ▁enjoyed ▁before ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁On ▁a ▁further ▁appeal ▁to |
▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁concluded ▁that ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁repe al ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁c . ▁ 1 5 , ▁s . ▁ 1 ( b ), ▁which ▁had ▁effect ▁as ▁of ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁of ▁paras . ▁( ii ) ▁and ▁( iv ) ▁of ▁s . ▁ 1 ( i ) ▁( where in ▁" tax ▁con cess ion " ▁was ▁defined ) ▁the ▁claim ▁of ▁exem ption ▁failed . ▁Con sequently , ▁the ▁assessment ▁was ▁restored . ▁The ▁company ▁then ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada . ▁The ▁appeal ▁was ▁dismissed . ▁ ▁Minister ▁of ▁Municipal ▁Affairs ▁( N . B .) ▁v ▁Can ap ort ▁Ltd ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Res pond ent ' s ▁property ▁which ▁was ▁assess ed ▁as ▁" real ▁property " ▁consisted ▁of ▁an ▁oil ▁terminal ▁on ▁which ▁were ▁constructed ▁various ▁facilities ▁consisting ▁of ▁ten ▁wel ded ▁steel ▁plate ▁tanks ▁for ▁storage ▁of ▁cru de ▁pet role um ▁each ▁having ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁barrel ▁capacity , ▁a ▁ball ast ▁water ▁tank ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁barrel ▁capacity , ▁a ▁water ▁tank ▁for ▁fire ▁fighting ▁purposes ▁and ▁various ▁other ▁tanks . ▁Res pond ent ▁alleged ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁" tax ▁con cess ion " ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁these ▁properties ▁under ▁s . ▁ 1 8 ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act |
, ▁ 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ▁( N . B .), ▁c . ▁ 1 1 0 , ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁being ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁of ▁Ir ving ▁Oil ▁Ref ining ▁Limited ▁and ▁entitled ▁to ▁the ▁con cess ion ▁con ferred ▁by ▁the ▁Ir ving ▁Ref ining ▁Limited ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁( N . B .), ▁c . ▁ 7 2 , ▁but ▁the ▁trial ▁judge ▁and ▁the ▁Appe al ▁Division ▁were ▁both ▁satisfied ▁that ▁under ▁s . ▁ 1 8 ( 2 ) ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act ▁the ▁con cess ion ▁only ▁applied ▁to ▁companies ▁in ▁existence ▁before ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁respond ent , ▁incorporated ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁was ▁not ▁entitled ▁to ▁it . ▁There ▁were ▁further ▁con current ▁findings ▁in ▁both ▁Cour ts ▁that ▁the ▁ten ▁tanks ▁were ▁structures ▁providing ▁shelter ▁for ▁move able ▁property ▁( i . e . ▁that ▁they ▁const ituted ▁" build ings " ▁and ▁fell ▁to ▁be ▁assess ed ▁as ▁" real ▁property " ▁within ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁s . ▁ 1 ( g )( ii ) ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act ) ▁but ▁that ▁they ▁came ▁within ▁the ▁excl usion ▁in ▁s . ▁ 1 ( g )( v ). ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁a ▁declaration ▁was ▁granted ▁that ▁the ▁ten ▁tanks ▁were ▁not ▁" real ▁property " ▁within ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act ▁and |
▁not ▁tax able ▁as ▁such ▁under ▁that ▁Act . ▁H eld : ▁The ▁appeal ▁should ▁be ▁allowed . ▁ ▁Ir ving ▁Oil ▁Co ▁v ▁Minister ▁of ▁Municipal ▁Affairs ▁of ▁N B ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Ass essment ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁app ell ant ' s ▁property , ▁consisting ▁of ▁storage ▁tanks , ▁sub struct ures ▁and ▁associated ▁p ipes ▁and ▁facilities , ▁on ▁the ▁assumption ▁that ▁the ▁property ▁const ituted ▁‘ real ▁property ’ ▁within ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁s . ▁ 1 ▁( g ) ▁of ▁the ▁Ass essment ▁Act . ▁App ell ant ▁cont ended ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁Ac ad ian ▁P ulp ▁& ▁Paper ▁Ltd . ▁v . ▁Minister ▁of ▁Municipal ▁Affairs ▁( 1 9 7 3 ), ▁ 6 ▁N . B . R . ▁( 2 d ) ▁ 7 5 5 , ▁that ▁the ▁tanks ▁in ▁question ▁were ▁excluded ▁from ▁the ▁definition ▁of ▁‘ real ▁property ’ ▁as ▁being ▁‘ m ach inery , ▁equipment , ▁appar atus ▁and ▁install ations ▁other ▁than ▁those ▁for ▁providing ▁services ▁to ▁buildings ▁or ▁mentioned ▁in ▁sub cl ause ▁( ii ) ’. ▁The ▁trial ▁judge ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁property ▁const ituted ▁‘ struct ures ▁which ▁provide ▁storage ▁and ▁shelter ▁for ▁mov able ▁property ’ ▁but ▁feeling ▁bound ▁by ▁Ac ad ian ▁P ulp ▁and ▁Paper ▁held ▁that ▁they ▁also ▁const ituted ▁‘ m ach inery , ▁equipment , ▁appar atus ▁and ▁install ations ▁other ▁than ▁those ▁providing ▁services ▁to ▁buildings ’ ▁and ▁therefore ▁by ▁the ▁operation ▁of |
▁s . ▁ 1 ▁( g ) ▁( v ) ▁not ▁‘ real ▁property ’ ▁within ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁s . ▁ 1 ▁( g ). ▁The ▁Appe al ▁Division ▁set ▁aside ▁the ▁judgment ▁at ▁trial ▁and ▁distinguished ▁Ac ad ian ▁P ulp ▁and ▁Paper . ▁ ▁H eld : ▁The ▁appeal ▁should ▁be ▁dismissed . ▁ ▁BR ID G ES ▁B RO TH ERS ▁L TD . ▁v . ▁FO RE ST ▁PRO TE CTION ▁L TD . ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁pl aint iff , ▁a ▁blue berry ▁farmer , ▁purs ued ▁the ▁def endant , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁const ituted ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁combat ▁via ▁a erial ▁spray ing ▁of ▁insect ic ides ▁the ▁sp ru ce ▁bud w orm ▁and ▁which ▁was ▁instantly ▁employed ▁for ▁its ▁mand ated ▁purpose . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁alleged ▁that ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁the ▁def endant ' s ▁operations ▁reduced ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁be es ▁in ▁the ▁pl aint iff ' s ▁fields ▁thereby ▁advers ely ▁affecting ▁the ▁poll ination ▁of ▁blue berry ▁flowers ▁and ▁the ▁fruit ▁set ▁which ▁is ▁dependent ▁on ▁poll ination , ▁and ▁increased ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁birds ▁feeding ▁on ▁ri pe ▁blue berries ▁in ▁the ▁fields , ▁because ▁they ▁could ▁not ▁feed ▁on ▁the ▁m oth s . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁sought ▁damages ▁and ▁a ▁perpet ual ▁inj unction . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁obtained |
▁an ▁inter im ▁inj unction ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁to ▁for bid ▁the ▁def endant ▁from ▁tres pass . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁declaration ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁occup y ▁and ▁use ▁its ▁several ▁properties ▁free ▁from ▁any ▁interference ▁there with ▁by ▁nu is ance ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁def endant ▁causing ▁or ▁allowing ▁fen it ro th ion ▁to ▁fall ▁upon ▁or ▁drift ▁onto ▁such ▁properties . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁obtained ▁judgment ▁against ▁the ▁def endant ▁for ▁an ▁astronom ical ▁sum , ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁rest itution ▁of ▁legal ▁fees . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁def endant ▁continued ▁in ▁business ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁private ▁company ▁formed ▁by : ▁ ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁( major ity ▁share holder ) ▁J . D . ▁Ir ving , ▁Limited ▁T win ▁Rivers ▁Paper ▁Company ▁Inc . ▁Ac ad ian ▁Tim ber ▁Cor p . ▁For ne bu ▁L umber ▁Company ▁Inc . ▁AV ▁N ack aw ic ▁Inc . ▁AV ▁Cell ▁Inc . ▁ ▁Th orne ' s ▁Hard ware ▁v ▁R ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁This ▁case ▁p itted ▁the ▁pl aint iffs , ▁Th orne ' s ▁Hard ware ▁Limited , ▁Kent ▁L ines ▁Limited , ▁Can ap ort ▁Limited ▁and ▁Ir ving ▁Oil ▁Limited , ▁against ▁the ▁National ▁Har b ours ▁Board , ▁over ▁the ▁extension ▁of ▁har bour ▁limits . ▁App ell ants ▁challenged ▁in ▁the ▁Federal ▁Court ▁( 1 ) ▁the |
▁valid ity ▁of ▁an ▁order ▁in ▁council ▁extending ▁the ▁limits ▁of ▁the ▁port ▁of ▁Saint ▁John ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁include ▁app ell ants ' ▁ber th ▁and ▁har bour ▁facilities ▁and ▁( 2 ) ▁the ▁applic ability ▁to ▁them ▁of ▁a ▁National ▁Har b ours ▁Board ' s ▁By - law ▁im posing ▁har bour ▁d ues ▁on ▁all ▁vessels ▁entering ▁or ▁using ▁the ▁port . ▁The ▁T rial ▁Division ▁held ▁the ▁Order ▁in ▁Council ▁in tra ▁v ires ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁Governor ▁in ▁Council ▁but ▁the ▁By - law ▁to ▁be ▁in ap plic able ▁to ▁the ▁app ell ants . ▁The ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al ▁disag reed ▁with ▁the ▁trial ▁judge ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁point . ▁Hence ▁this ▁appeal ▁to ▁determine ▁whether ▁the ▁app ell ants ▁are ▁oblig ed ▁to ▁pay ▁har bour ▁d ues . ▁ ▁The ▁app ell ants ▁alleged ▁that ▁the ▁Order ▁in ▁Council ▁extending ▁the ▁limits ▁of ▁Saint ▁John ▁Har bour ▁had ▁been ▁passed ▁for ▁impro per ▁mot ives ▁to ▁increase ▁har bour ▁reven ues . ▁It ▁is ▁neither ▁the ▁Court ' s ▁duty ▁nor ▁its ▁right ▁to ▁investigate ▁the ▁federal ▁Cab inet ' s ▁mot ives . ▁H eld : ▁The ▁appeal ▁should ▁be ▁dismissed . ▁ ▁Forest ▁Protection ▁Limited ▁v ▁Gu er in ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁now - de ce ased ▁Lu cret ia ▁J . ▁Gu er in , ▁president ▁of ▁a ▁community ▁organisation ▁named ▁" The ▁Con c ern ed ▁Parent s ▁Group ▁Inc ." ▁had ▁purs |
ued ▁F PL ▁in ▁the ▁Provinc ial ▁Court ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁for ▁viol ations ▁of ▁some ▁legislation . ▁F PL ▁appe aled ▁after ▁un success ▁below ▁into ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Queen ' s ▁Ben ch ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick , ▁where by ▁the ▁three - jud ge ▁cor am ▁found ▁( in ▁contra - dist inction ▁to ▁preced ent ▁cases ) ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁indeed ▁a ▁Crown ▁agency ▁and ▁that ▁thereby ▁it ▁was ▁immune ▁to ▁pursuit ▁under ▁the ▁P est ▁Control ▁Products ▁Act , ▁but ▁fell ▁under ▁the ▁ambit ▁of ▁the ▁Fisher ies ▁Act ▁because ▁of ▁express ▁mention ▁there in . ▁ ▁N B ▁Broad cast ing ▁v ▁NS ▁Assembly ▁Spe aker ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁ruled ▁that ▁parliament ary ▁privilege ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁un written ▁convention ▁in ▁the ▁Constitution ▁of ▁Canada . ▁Therefore , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Ch arter ▁of ▁Rights ▁and ▁F reed oms ▁do ▁not ▁apply ▁to ▁members ▁of ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁House ▁of ▁Assembly ▁when ▁they ▁exercise ▁their ▁inher ent ▁privile ges ▁of ▁ref using ▁strangers ▁from ▁entering ▁the ▁House . ▁This ▁was ▁decided ▁via ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Broad cast ing ▁Co ▁v ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁( Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Assembly ). ▁ ▁Char le bo is ▁v ▁M ow at ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Char le bo is ▁imp ug ned ▁a ▁by - law ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Mon ct on , ▁represented ▁by ▁the ▁def endant ▁M |
ow at ▁because ▁it ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁translated ▁into ▁French , ▁as ▁considered ▁by ▁Char le bo is ▁it ▁must . ▁He ▁rel ied ▁on ▁sub sections ▁ 1 6 ( 2 ) ▁and ▁ 1 8 ( 2 ) ▁and ▁section ▁ 1 6 . 1 ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Ch arter ▁of ▁Rights ▁and ▁F reed oms , ▁and ▁he ▁submitted ▁that ▁the ▁expression ▁" stat utes ▁of ▁the ▁legisl ature " ▁used ▁in ▁sub section ▁ 1 8 ( 2 ) ▁includes ▁municipal ▁by - l aws ▁and ▁that ▁this ▁provision ▁imposed ▁on ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁the ▁province ▁an ▁obligation ▁to ▁en act ▁their ▁by - l aws ▁in ▁the ▁two ▁official ▁languages . ▁He ▁argued ▁that , ▁given ▁the ▁significant ▁percentage ▁of ▁the ▁Franc oph ones ▁in ▁this ▁municip ality , ▁the ▁obligation ▁applies ▁to ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Mon ct on . ▁His ▁claim ▁was ▁successful . ▁ ▁Harrison ▁et ▁al ▁v ▁AG ▁Canada ▁and ▁AG ▁N B ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Same - sex ▁marriage ▁in ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁was ▁legal ised ▁in ▁summer ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁by ▁jud icial ▁fi at ▁with ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁Harrison ▁et ▁al . ▁v ▁AG ▁N B . ▁A ▁few ▁weeks ▁later , ▁federal ▁Parliament ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁Paul ▁Martin ▁made ▁same - sex ▁mar riages ▁legal ▁throughout ▁Canada ▁by ▁the ▁Civil ▁Mar riage ▁Act . ▁ ▁Jud ges ' ▁p ensions ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Jud ges ' ▁p ensions ▁were |
▁determined ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁Provinc ial ▁Court ▁Jud ges ' ▁Ass n ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁v ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁( Min ister ▁of ▁Justice ). ▁ ▁McK in ney ▁v ▁Tob ias ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Glen nie ▁J ▁presents ▁a ▁length y ▁and ▁valuable ▁rec itation ▁of , ▁and ▁dist in ctions ▁between , ▁Land ▁Tit les ▁Act ▁SN B ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁C . ▁L - 1 . 1 , ▁( ant iqu ated ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁L imit ations ▁of ▁A ctions ▁Act ▁R SN B ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁c . ▁L - 8 ▁or ▁Real ▁Property ▁L imit ations ▁Act ▁R SN B ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁c ▁R - 1 . 5 , ▁and ▁( ant iqu ated ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁Qu iet ing ▁of ▁Tit les ▁Act ▁R SN B ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁c ▁Q - 4 , ▁especially ▁as ▁regards ▁ad verse ▁possession . ▁ ▁Summary ▁of ▁law ▁of ▁real ▁property , ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁affected ▁by ▁Tor ren s ▁title ▁system ▁in ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁ ▁Brun sw ick ▁News ▁Inc . ▁v ▁Lang don ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Brun sw ick ▁News ▁Inc . ▁v ▁Lang don ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Queen ' s ▁Ben ch ▁case ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁pl aint iff ▁employed ▁an ▁Anton ▁P iller ▁order , ▁to |
▁enter ▁the ▁def endant ' s ▁residence ▁and ▁search ▁for ▁some ▁business ▁files ▁that ▁it ▁alleged ▁had ▁been ▁mis appropri ated . ▁The ▁pl aint iff ▁moved ▁for ▁an ▁inj unction ▁to ▁halt ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁def endant ' s ▁fled gling ▁rival ▁newspaper , ▁the ▁Car leton ▁Free ▁Press . ▁In ▁the ▁event , ▁the ▁inj unction ▁was ▁denied . ▁ ▁Mer cer ▁v ▁Mor r ison ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁seemingly ▁un report ed ▁case , ▁a ▁ze alous ▁official ▁attempted ▁to ▁enforce ▁the ▁then ▁newly ▁passed ▁N B ▁Building ▁Code ▁Act , ▁against ▁oct ogen arian ▁Craig ▁Mor r ison , ▁of ▁West ▁Qu aco , ▁in ▁Saint ▁Mart ins ▁Par ish , ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁Six ▁court room ▁appearances ▁and ▁a ▁front - page ▁news ▁story ▁in ▁the ▁Saint ▁John ▁Tele graph ▁Journal ▁later , ▁Mor r ison ▁eventually ▁won ▁his ▁battle ▁at ▁age ▁ 9 1 . ▁A ▁film ▁based ▁on ▁his ▁trib ulations ▁was ▁released ▁just ▁months ▁after ▁his ▁death , ▁to ▁positive ▁critical ▁reviews ; ▁James ▁C rom well ▁earned ▁the ▁Best ▁A ctor ▁title ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁Canadian ▁Screen ▁Awards . ▁The ▁provincial ▁agency ▁that ▁em plo ys ▁building ▁inspect or ▁Wayne ▁Mer cer ▁demanded : ▁that ▁the ▁court ▁for c ibly ▁remove ▁Mor r ison ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁an ▁Al z heimer ' s ▁suffer er , ▁from ▁their ▁home ; ▁that ▁the ▁house ▁be ▁bul ld oz ed ; ▁and |
▁that ▁Mor r ison ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁cont empt ▁of ▁court , ▁an ▁imprison able ▁off ence . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Court ▁of ▁Queen ' s ▁Ben ch ▁Justice ▁Hugh ▁Mc L ellan ▁ordered ▁the ▁two ▁parties ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁a ▁settlement , ▁which ▁was ▁done . ▁The ▁state ▁rel ented ▁and ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁ab ide ▁" without ▁further ▁mol est ation , ▁until ▁they ▁die ." ▁The ▁legislation ▁was ▁not ▁over turn ed . ▁ ▁J D ▁Ir ving ▁v ▁Forest ▁Products ▁Marketing ▁Bo ards ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Pl aint iff ▁imp ug ned ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁reg ulator , ▁as ▁the ▁adj ud icated ▁" st ump age ▁agreement " ▁between ▁pl aint iff ▁and ▁another ▁entity ▁involved ▁the ▁reg ulator ▁not ▁at ▁all , ▁and ▁thus ▁the ▁reg ulator ▁had ▁no ▁juris diction ▁in ▁private ▁agreements . ▁Further , ▁pl aint iff ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁reg ulator ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁party ▁to ▁private ▁agreements ▁because ▁reg ulator ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁staff ed ▁by ▁pl aint iff ' s ▁competitors . ▁ ▁H eld ▁that ▁the ▁reg ulator ▁was ▁entitled ▁by ▁Natural ▁Products ▁Act ▁SN B ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁c . ▁N - 1 . 2 ▁and ▁associated ▁regulations ▁to ▁intr ude ▁and ▁to ▁rule , ▁and ▁that ▁de ference ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁reg ulator . ▁ ▁Ob iter ▁dict a ▁compared ▁natural ▁products ▁reg ulator ▁to ▁milk ▁marketing ▁board |
. ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Bour que ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Justin ▁Christ ien ▁Bour que ▁was ▁a ▁par an oid ▁cannab is - using ▁youth ▁who ▁was ▁" obs essed ▁with ▁guns , ▁video ▁games , ▁heavy ▁metal ▁music ", ▁and ▁who ▁murdered ▁three ▁police ▁officers ▁and ▁wounded ▁two ▁others , ▁all ▁in ▁the ▁space ▁of ▁twenty ▁minutes ▁on ▁ 4 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁In ▁the ▁en su ing ▁man h unt , ▁Bour que ▁led ▁a ▁chase ▁into ▁the ▁woods ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁found ▁ 2 8 ▁hours ▁later . ▁ ▁The ▁judge ▁wrote ▁that ▁Bour que ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁struggling ▁in ▁the ▁week ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁mass acre ▁with ▁drug ▁withdrawal ▁because ▁he ▁had ▁no ▁more ▁money ▁to ▁buy ▁marijuana . ▁ ▁Bour que ▁presented ▁no ▁defence ▁and ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁all ▁counts ▁on ▁the ▁ind ict ment ▁sheet . ▁Bour que ▁was ▁sent enced ▁for ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁police ▁officers ▁to ▁life ▁in ▁prison ▁with ▁no ▁chance ▁of ▁par ole ▁for ▁ 7 5 ▁years , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁longest ▁sentence ▁in ▁Canadian ▁history , ▁and ▁the ▁h ars hest ▁since ▁the ▁death ▁penalty ▁was ▁abol ished ▁for ▁most ▁off ences ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁jud ici ary ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁hand ▁down ▁consecutive ▁sentences ▁under ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁changes ▁to ▁the ▁legislation ▁for ▁multiple ▁hom ic ides . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment ▁( concurrent ) |
▁for ▁the ▁attempted ▁murder ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁police ▁officers . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁subsequent ▁months , ▁application ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁Crown ▁and ▁the ▁Def ence ▁to ▁with hold , ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁the ▁various ▁family ▁members ▁and ▁their ▁psychology , ▁certain ▁digital ▁evidence ▁which ▁was ▁employed ▁at ▁the ▁sent encing ▁hearing ▁from ▁the ▁public ▁realm . ▁The ▁D agen ais / M ent uck ▁test ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁Smith ▁C J ▁to ▁deny ▁the ▁publication ▁ban . ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Come au ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁R ▁v ▁Come au ▁test ▁case , ▁over ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁certain ▁portions ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ' s ▁L iqu or ▁Control ▁Act , ▁started ▁trial ▁in ▁Campbell ton , ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁Come au ' s ▁defence ▁included ▁a ▁constitutional ▁challenge ▁based ▁on ▁section ▁ 1 2 1 ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁North ▁America ▁Act , ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁On ▁ 2 9 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Judge ▁Ronald ▁Le Bl anc ▁invalid ated ▁the ▁trade ▁barriers , ▁in ▁part ▁writing : ▁" That ▁historical ▁context ▁leads ▁to ▁only ▁one ▁conclusion : ▁The ▁F athers ▁of ▁Confeder ation ▁wanted ▁to ▁implement ▁free ▁trade ▁as ▁between ▁the ▁provin ces ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁Canada ." can li i . org : ▁" R ▁v ▁Come au , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁N B PC ▁ 3 ▁( Can L II |
)" ▁The ▁case ▁was ▁heavily ▁medi ated , ▁both ▁on ▁the ▁decision ▁as ▁a ▁victory ▁of ▁Daniel ▁against ▁G oli ath , ▁and ▁before . ▁ ▁One ▁lady , ▁who ▁happens ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁deputy ▁comment ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Post , ▁was ▁a ▁p und it , ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁registered ▁charity ▁which ▁funded ▁Come au , ▁and ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁quot ations ▁for ▁other ▁journalists . ▁At ▁trial , ▁the ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁L iqu or ▁control ▁board ▁that ▁it ▁could ▁go ▁out ▁of ▁business ▁if ▁Mr . ▁Come au ▁was ▁v ind icated , ▁while ▁a ▁professional ▁witness ▁test ified ▁for ▁the ▁defence ▁that ▁" two - third s ▁or ▁more ▁of ▁the ▁customers ▁were ▁from ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁and ▁that ▁ 9 0 ▁per ▁cent " ▁of ▁the ▁floor ▁space ▁in ▁the ▁List ug uj ▁Mi <0xEA> <0x9E> <0x8C> g ma q ▁First ▁Nation ▁convenience ▁store ▁at ▁which ▁Come au ' s ▁beer ▁was ▁purchased ▁" was ▁devoted ▁to ▁beer ▁sales ." ▁ ▁The ▁Crown ▁Attorney ▁appe aled ▁the ▁decision ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al ▁( the ▁normal ▁path ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁through ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Queen ' s ▁Ben ch ▁of ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ) ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁May . ▁Karen ▁Sel ick , ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁lawyers ▁retained ▁by ▁Come au ▁at ▁the ▁instance ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Post ' s ▁deputy ▁comments ▁editor , ▁term ed ▁the ▁appeal ▁" a ▁far ce ". ▁The ▁Crown ▁alleg |
es ▁that ▁Le Bl anc ▁J ▁er red ▁in ▁his ▁legal ▁interpretation ▁of ▁Section ▁ 1 2 1 ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ▁Act ▁as ▁follows : ▁By ▁inter pre ting ▁the ▁section ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁meaning ▁contrary ▁to ▁that ▁determined ▁by ▁prior ▁decisions ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada , ▁which ▁are ▁binding ▁on ▁him . ▁By ▁concl uding ▁without ▁evidence ▁that ▁previous ▁decisions ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁were ▁rendered ▁without ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁evidence ▁before ▁the ▁trial ▁judge . ▁By ▁finding ▁that ▁placing ▁Section ▁ 1 2 1 ▁in ▁the ▁category ▁of ▁Rev en ues , ▁Deb ts , ▁As sets ▁and ▁Tax ation ▁in ▁the ▁Constitution ▁Act ▁is ▁of ▁no ▁legal ▁consequence ▁to ▁the ▁determination ▁of ▁its ▁meaning . ▁By ▁giving ▁Section ▁ 1 2 1 ▁a ▁meaning ▁that ▁is ▁intern ally ▁incons istent ▁and ▁conflicts ▁with ▁Se ctions ▁ 9 1 , ▁ 9 2 , ▁and ▁ 9 4 ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ▁Act . ▁By ▁finding ▁Section ▁ 1 2 1 ▁was ▁draft ed ▁as ▁an ▁absolute ▁free ▁trade ▁provision ▁that ▁constitution ally ▁must ▁be ▁rig or ously ▁interpreted ▁as ▁such ▁today . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁N B ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al ▁decided ▁not ▁to ▁hear ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁The ▁provincial ▁Attorney - General ▁then ▁decided ▁to ▁appeal ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁leave ▁to ▁appeal ▁was ▁granted , ▁and ▁the ▁tent ative ▁hearing ▁date ▁was ▁set ▁for ▁ 7 |
▁December . ▁ ▁R ▁v ▁Raf ia ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Moh am ad ▁Raf ia , ▁his ▁wife ▁Rad na ▁Ald nd al ▁and ▁their ▁children ▁immigr ated ▁from ▁Syria ▁to ▁Freder ict on ▁in ▁about ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁polit ically - content ious ▁refuge e ▁res ett lement ▁program . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁beat ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁hockey ▁stick ▁for ▁half ▁an ▁hour ▁when ▁she ▁threatened ▁to ▁leave ▁him . ▁She ▁attended ▁Dr . ▁Ever ett ▁Ch al mers ▁Regional ▁Hospital ▁with ▁a ▁friend ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁there ▁that ▁the ▁attack ▁came ▁to ▁light , ▁although ▁Ald nd al ▁attempted ▁to ▁lie ▁and ▁bl amed ▁her ▁injuries ▁on ▁a ▁fall ▁in ▁the ▁bat ht ub . ▁On ▁ 1 9 ▁May , ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁j ailed . ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁May , ▁he ▁told ▁a ▁court ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁know ▁that ▁to ▁beat ▁one ' s ▁wife ▁with ▁a ▁hockey ▁stick ▁for ▁half ▁an ▁hour ▁was ▁illegal ▁in ▁Canada . ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁he ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁charges ▁of ▁assault ▁causing ▁bod ily ▁harm ▁and ▁utter ing ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁kill ▁her ▁if ▁she ▁followed ▁through ▁and ▁left ▁him . ▁ ▁On ▁ 8 ▁June ▁he ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁time ▁served ▁plus ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁prob ation . ▁The ▁police ▁recorded ▁the ▁batter ed ▁wife ▁as ▁saying , ▁ ▁A ▁police ▁statement ▁which ▁was |
▁read ▁in ▁court ▁remarked ▁that ▁Raf ia ▁was ▁aware ▁that ▁the ▁law ▁in ▁Canada ▁diff ers ▁not ▁from ▁the ▁law ▁in ▁Syria , ▁and ▁the ▁Mult icult ural ▁Association ▁of ▁Freder ict on ▁apparently ▁im parts ▁" f ederal ▁information ▁sessions , ▁which ▁include ▁educ ating ▁new com ers ▁about ▁Canadian ▁law ". ▁However ▁this ▁may ▁be , ▁Raf ia ▁complained ▁to ▁the ▁court , ▁ ▁through ▁an ▁inter preter , ▁who ▁said : ▁▁ ▁A ▁daily ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁family ▁were ▁refugees ▁sponsored ▁priv ately ▁under ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁refuge e ▁res ett lement ▁programme . ▁Foreign ers ▁who ▁commit ▁crimes ▁in ▁Canada ▁normally ▁risk ▁deport ation ▁but ▁for ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁reasons ▁Raf ia ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁deport ed ▁at ▁that ▁moment . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁June , ▁Conservative ▁MP ▁K ell ie ▁Le itch ▁twe eted : ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁up bra ided ▁by ▁Imm igration ▁Minister ▁Ah med ▁H ussen , ▁who ▁called ▁her ▁twe et ▁" dis gr ace ful ", ▁and ▁said ▁that ▁refugees ▁were ▁given ▁" pre - ▁and ▁post - ar riv al ▁orientation ▁programs ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁brief ed ▁on ▁Canadian ▁laws ". ▁N DP ▁immigration ▁critic ▁Jenny ▁K wan ▁was ▁of ▁the ▁opinion ▁that ▁" K ell ie ▁Le itch ▁continues ▁to ▁sp out ▁divis ive ▁dog - wh ist le ▁rhet oric ▁even ▁after ▁her ▁own ▁party ▁rejected ▁her ▁and ▁her ▁ideas ." ▁Back ▁in ▁Freder ict on ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁June , ▁Liberal ▁MP ▁Matt ▁De C ource |
y ▁p iled ▁on ▁and ▁said ▁that ▁" her ▁divis ive ▁rhet oric ▁doesn ' t ▁contribute ▁to ▁any ▁positive ▁outcome ▁and ▁distract s ▁from ▁the ▁very ▁real ▁issue ▁of ▁gender - based ▁violence ." ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁Category : New ▁Brun sw ick ▁law ▁New ▁Brun sw ick ▁Category : Leg al ▁history ▁of ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁Events ▁from ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁in ▁France . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁ ▁Mon arch ▁– ▁Charles ▁X ▁ ▁Events ▁▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁- ▁The ▁newspaper ▁Le ▁Fig aro ▁begins ▁publication ▁in ▁Paris , ▁initially ▁as ▁a ▁weekly . ▁June ▁- ▁Phot ography : ▁Nic é ph ore ▁Ni ép ce ▁makes ▁a ▁true ▁photograph , ▁View ▁from ▁the ▁Window ▁at ▁Le ▁Gr as . ▁ 1 9 ▁August ▁- ▁Louis ▁Christ op he ▁François ▁H ache t te ▁purchases ▁the ▁Br éd if ▁book shop ▁on ▁rue ▁Pierre - S ar raz in , ▁Paris , ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁H ache t te ▁publishing ▁business . ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁literature ▁The ▁second ▁novel ▁by ▁Victor ▁Hugo , ▁Bug - J arg al , ▁is ▁published . ▁ ▁Birth s ▁ 6 ▁April ▁- ▁Gust ave ▁More au , ▁painter ▁( d ied ▁ 1 8 9 8 ). ▁ 5 ▁May ▁- ▁Eug én ie ▁de ▁Mont ijo , ▁wife ▁of ▁Nap ol é on ▁III ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 2 0 ). ▁ 1 8 ▁May ▁- ▁Em ile - Just in ▁Men |
ier , ▁pharm aceut ical ▁manufacturer , ▁ch ocol at ier ▁and ▁politician ▁( d ied ▁ 1 8 8 1 ). ▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁- ▁Charles ▁Ernest ▁Be ul é , ▁archae ologist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d ied ▁ 1 8 7 4 ). ▁ 2 4 ▁October ▁- ▁Lé op old ▁Victor ▁Del isle , ▁bibli oph ile ▁and ▁historian ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 1 0 ). ▁ ▁Full ▁date ▁unknown ▁Al ph on se ▁de ▁Pol ign ac , ▁mat hem atic ian ▁( d ied ▁ 1 8 6 3 ). ▁Louis - Ar s ène ▁D ela un ay , ▁actor ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 0 3 ). ▁ ▁Death s ▁ 3 ▁January ▁- ▁Louis ▁Gabriel ▁Su chet , ▁Marshal ▁of ▁France ▁( born ▁ 1 7 7 0 ). ▁ 2 2 ▁January ▁- ▁Henri - Card in - Je an - B apt iste ▁d ' Ag ues seau , ▁politician ▁( born ▁ 1 7 4 6 ). ▁ 2 ▁February ▁- ▁Jean ▁Ant hel me ▁Br ill at - S av arin , ▁lawyer , ▁politician , ▁epic ure ▁and ▁gas tr on ome ▁( born ▁ 1 7 5 5 ). ▁ 8 ▁October ▁- ▁Marie - Gu ille mine ▁Ben o ist , ▁painter ▁( born ▁ 1 7 6 8 ). ▁ 5 ▁November ▁- ▁É lie ▁Hal év y ▁( Ch alf an ), ▁He brew ▁poet ▁and ▁author ▁( born ▁ 1 7 |
6 0 ). ▁ ▁Full ▁date ▁unknown ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁St ou f , ▁sculpt or ▁( born ▁ 1 7 4 2 ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Y ears ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁in ▁France <0x0A> </s> ▁St ▁G iles ▁is ▁a ▁district ▁of ▁London , ▁at ▁the ▁southern ▁tip ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Cam den . ▁It ▁gets ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁the ▁parish ▁church ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁in ▁the ▁Field s . ▁The ▁combined ▁par ishes ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁in ▁the ▁Field s ▁and ▁St ▁George ▁Bloom sb ury ▁( which ▁was ▁carved ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁former ) ▁formed ▁the ▁St ▁G iles ▁District ▁of ▁the ▁Met ropol is ▁from ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁in ▁the ▁Field s , ▁the ▁Phoenix ▁Garden ▁and ▁St ▁G iles ▁Circ us . ▁With ▁Bloom sb ury ▁and ▁Hol born , ▁it ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁" M id town " ▁business ▁improvement ▁district . ▁ ▁History ▁There ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁church ▁at ▁St ▁G iles ▁since ▁Sax on ▁times , ▁located ▁beside ▁a ▁major ▁highway . ▁The ▁vic inity ▁is ▁described ▁in ▁a ▁char ter ▁of ▁ 9 5 9 ; ▁the ▁char ter ▁describes ▁the ▁bounds ▁of ▁a ▁man or ▁( est ate ) ▁stret ching ▁from ▁the ▁River ▁Ty burn ▁to ▁the ▁Fleet , ▁and ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁" |
old ▁wooden ▁church ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew ", ▁in ▁Hol born , ▁while ▁a ▁further ▁char ter ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 2 ▁describes ▁an ▁extended ▁man or ▁which ▁extended ▁further ▁north . ▁The ▁ge ographical ▁description , ▁the ▁reference ▁to ▁St ▁Andrew s ▁church , ▁Hol born ▁and ▁other ▁details ▁suggest ▁that ▁the ▁extended ▁estate ▁was ▁the ▁origin ▁for ▁the ▁man ors ▁of ▁Hol born ▁and ▁perhaps ▁also ▁Tot ten h ale , ▁both ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁in ▁ 1 0 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁hospital ▁of ▁St ▁G iles , ▁recorded ▁c . ▁ 1 1 2 0 ▁as ▁Hospital i ▁San ct i ▁Eg id ii ▁extra ▁London ium ▁was ▁founded , ▁together ▁with ▁a ▁monaster y ▁and ▁a ▁chap el , ▁by ▁Queen ▁Mat ilda , ▁wife ▁of ▁Henry ▁I . ▁St ▁G iles ▁( c . ▁ 6 5 0 ▁– ▁c . ▁ 7 1 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁patron ▁saint ▁of ▁le pers ▁and ▁the ▁hospital ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁le per ▁colony , ▁the ▁site ▁chosen ▁for ▁its ▁surrounding ▁fields ▁and ▁mars hes ▁separ ating ▁cont ag ion ▁from ▁nearby ▁London . ▁Peter ▁A ck ro yd ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁of ▁v agr ancy ▁has ▁never ▁left ▁the ▁area . ▁A ▁village ▁acc ret ed ▁to ▁cater ▁to ▁the ▁bre th ren ▁and ▁patients . ▁ ▁The ▁cross ro ads ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁St ▁G iles ▁Circ us , ▁where ▁Oxford ▁Street , ▁Ch aring ▁Cross ▁Road , ▁Tot |
ten ham ▁Court ▁Road ▁and ▁New ▁Oxford ▁St ▁meet , ▁was ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁gall ows ▁until ▁the ▁fif teenth ▁century . ▁The ▁L oll ard ▁leader ▁Sir ▁John ▁Old castle ▁was ▁h anged , ▁and ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁gall ows ▁were ▁bur nt ▁there . ▁G rap e ▁Street , ▁in ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁St ▁G iles ▁district , ▁runs ▁beside ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁vine yard . ▁▁ ▁The ▁monaster y ▁was ▁diss olved ▁during ▁the ▁Re formation ▁and ▁a ▁parish ▁church ▁created ▁from ▁the ▁chap el . ▁The ▁hospital ▁continued ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁le pers ▁until ▁the ▁mid - six teenth ▁century , ▁when ▁the ▁disease ▁ab ated ▁and ▁the ▁hospital ▁instead ▁began ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁ind ig ents . ▁The ▁parish ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁St ▁G iles ▁in ▁the ▁Field s ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 3 ▁as ▁Se y nt ▁G yles ▁in ▁the ▁Field . ▁The ▁first ▁post - C ath olic ▁parish ▁church ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 6 3 1 ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁mid - se vent eenth ▁century ▁church ▁ward ens ▁note ▁" a ▁great ▁infl ux ▁of ▁poor ▁people ▁into ▁this ▁parish ". ▁The ▁cell ars ▁in ▁particular ▁were ▁already ▁recorded ▁as ▁hor rific ▁places ▁in ▁which ▁whole ▁families ▁res ided , ▁" d amp ▁and ▁un wh oles ome " ▁as ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁built ▁on ▁mar sh land . ▁The ▁Parliament ary ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 6 0 6 ▁had ▁condem ned |
▁the ▁area ▁as ▁" de e pe ▁foul ▁and ▁dangerous " ▁. ▁V agr ants ▁exp elled ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁ ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁St ▁G iles ▁district ▁known ▁for ▁the ▁generous ▁char itable ▁relief ▁of ▁the ▁parish . ▁Irish ▁and ▁French ▁refugees ▁were ▁drawn ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁" St ▁G iles ▁black bird s ", ▁black ▁servants ▁reduced ▁to ▁begg ing . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 6 6 5 ▁Great ▁Pl ague ▁started ▁in ▁St ▁G iles ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁victims ▁were ▁buried ▁in ▁the ▁St ▁G iles ▁church yard . ▁By ▁September ▁ 1 6 6 5 , ▁ 8 0 0 0 ▁people ▁were ▁dying ▁a ▁week ▁in ▁London . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁pl ague ▁year ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 , 2 1 6 ▁listed ▁pl ague ▁deaths ▁in ▁St ▁G iles ▁parish , ▁which ▁had ▁fewer ▁than ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁households . ▁After ▁the ▁Rest oration , ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁pop ulated ▁by ▁ ▁Hug uen ot ▁refugees ▁who ▁had ▁fled ▁per secut ion ▁and ▁established ▁themselves ▁as ▁tr ades men ▁and ▁art is ans , ▁particularly ▁in ▁we aving ▁and ▁the ▁silk ▁trade . ▁ ▁The ▁southern ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁parish , ▁around ▁present ▁day ▁Sh aft es bury ▁Avenue , ▁was ▁a ▁was t eland ▁named ▁C ock ▁and ▁Py e ▁Field s . ▁H ouses ▁were ▁not ▁built ▁there ▁until ▁ 1 6 6 6 , ▁after ▁the ▁Great ▁Fire , ▁and ▁not ▁fully ▁developed ▁until ▁ 1 |
6 9 3 , ▁becoming ▁known ▁as ▁Seven ▁D ials . ▁Thomas ▁Ne ale ▁built ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁area , ▁giving ▁his ▁name ▁to ▁Ne al ▁Street ▁and ▁Ne al ' s ▁Y ard . ▁ ▁St ▁G iles ▁and ▁Seven ▁D ials ▁became ▁known ▁for ▁their ▁ast rolog ers ▁and ▁al chem ists , ▁an ▁association ▁which ▁last s ▁to ▁this ▁day . ▁The ▁village ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁stood ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁road ▁from ▁Hol born ▁to ▁Ty burn , ▁a ▁place ▁of ▁local ▁execution . ▁Con v icted ▁crim inals ▁were ▁often ▁allowed , ▁in ▁tradition , ▁to ▁stop ▁at ▁St ▁G iles ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁Ty burn ▁for ▁a ▁final ▁drink ▁- ▁a ▁" St ▁G iles ▁Bowl " ▁- ▁ ▁before ▁hanging . ▁ ▁The ▁ro ok ery ▁As ▁London ▁grew ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th ▁centuries , ▁so ▁did ▁the ▁parish ' s ▁population , ▁rising ▁to ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 8 3 1 . ▁Later , ▁a ▁large ▁percentage ▁were ▁Irish , ▁having ▁em igr ated ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁F amine ▁( I re land ) ▁during ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁and ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁ro ok ery ▁stood ▁between ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁Great ▁Russell ▁Street , ▁and ▁Seven ▁D ials ▁near ▁ ▁where ▁Centre ▁Point ▁stands ▁today , ▁now ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁Centre point ▁homeless ▁charity . ▁The ▁ro ok ery ▁was ▁a ▁m aze ▁of |
▁g in ▁shops , ▁prost itutes ' ▁h ov els ▁and ▁secret ▁alley ways ▁that ▁police ▁had ▁little ▁hope ▁of ▁navig ating . ▁William ▁H og arth , ▁Thomas ▁Row land son , ▁and ▁Gust ave ▁Dor é , ▁among ▁others , ▁drew ▁the ▁area , ▁as ▁did ▁novel ists ▁Henry ▁Field ing ▁and ▁Charles ▁Dick ens . ▁Rom ance ▁novel ists ▁Elizabeth ▁H oy t ▁and ▁Er ica ▁Mon roe ▁about ▁it ▁extens ively ▁in ▁their ▁M aid en ▁Lane ▁and ▁R ook ery ▁Rog ues ▁series , ▁respectively . ▁Peter ▁A ck ro yd ▁writes ▁" The ▁R ook eries ▁embod ied ▁the ▁worst ▁living ▁conditions ▁in ▁all ▁of ▁London ' s ▁history ; ▁this ▁was ▁the ▁lowest ▁point ▁which ▁human ▁beings ▁could ▁reach ". ▁ ▁Re former ▁Henry ▁May hew ▁described ▁the ▁sl um ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁in ▁A ▁Visit ▁to ▁the ▁R ook ery ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁and ▁its ▁Ne igh bour hood : ▁" The ▁parish ▁of ▁St . ▁G iles , ▁with ▁its ▁n ests ▁of ▁close ▁and ▁narrow ▁alle ys ▁and ▁courts ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁the ▁lowest ▁class ▁of ▁Irish ▁cost erm ong ers , ▁has ▁passed ▁into ▁a ▁by word ▁as ▁the ▁syn onym ▁of ▁fil th ▁and ▁squ al or . ▁And ▁although ▁New ▁Oxford ▁Street ▁has ▁been ▁carried ▁straight ▁through ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁worst ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁sl ums —" the ▁R ook ery "— y et , ▁especially ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side , ▁there ▁still ▁are ▁streets |
▁which ▁demand ▁to ▁be ▁swept ▁away ▁in ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁health ▁and ▁clean l iness ... ▁They ▁[ are ] ▁a ▁no isy ▁and ▁ri ot ous ▁lot , ▁fond ▁of ▁street ▁b raw ls , ▁equally ▁" f at , ▁rag ged ▁and ▁sau cy ;" ▁and ▁the ▁courts ▁ab ound ▁in ▁ped l ars , ▁fish - w omen , ▁new scri ers , ▁and ▁corn - cut ters ." ▁As ▁the ▁population ▁grew , ▁so ▁did ▁their ▁dead , ▁the ▁area ▁a ▁home ▁to ▁ch ol era ▁and ▁consumption . ▁ ▁Eventually ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁room ▁in ▁their ▁grave yard , ▁so ▁during ▁the ▁eight eenth ▁and ▁nineteenth ▁centuries , ▁many ▁were ▁buried ▁in ▁the ▁c em eter ies ▁surrounding ▁St ▁P anc ras . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s ▁plans ▁were ▁developed ▁to ▁demol ish ▁the ▁sl um ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁London ▁wide ▁clear ances ▁for ▁improved ▁transport ▁routes , ▁san itation ▁and ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁rail ways . ▁New ▁Oxford ▁Street ▁was ▁driven ▁through ▁the ▁area ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁Oxford ▁Street ▁and ▁Hol born . ▁The ▁R ook ery ▁dwell ers ▁were ▁not ▁re - h ous ed ▁by ▁the ▁authorities . ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁were ▁ev icted ▁and ▁many ▁just ▁moved ▁into ▁nearby ▁sl ums , ▁such ▁as ▁Dev il ' s ▁A cre ▁and ▁Church ▁Lane ▁making ▁those ▁more ▁over c row ded ▁still . ▁The ▁un changing ▁character |
▁of ▁the ▁area , ▁failing ▁investment ▁schemes ▁and ▁in ability ▁to ▁sell ▁new ▁properties ▁ens ured ▁that ▁plans ▁for ▁wholes ale ▁clear ance ▁were ▁st ym ied ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁century . ▁ ▁Local ▁govern ance ▁ ▁The ▁ancient ▁parish ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁in ▁the ▁Field s ▁formed ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁O ss ul stone ▁hundred ▁of ▁M idd les ex . ▁The ▁parish ▁of ▁St ▁George ▁Bloom sb ury ▁was ▁split ▁off ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 1 , ▁but ▁the ▁par ishes ▁were ▁combined ▁for ▁civil ▁purposes ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 4 ▁and ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁Poor ▁Law ▁after ▁the ▁Poor ▁Law ▁Am endment ▁Act ▁ 1 8 3 4 . ▁ ▁George ▁Buch an an ▁was ▁appointed ▁Health ▁Officer ▁for ▁the ▁parish ▁around ▁ 1 8 5 6 . ▁ ▁Upon ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Met ropolitan ▁Board ▁of ▁Works ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁the ▁combined ▁par ishes ▁became ▁the ▁St ▁G iles ▁District ▁and ▁were ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁St ▁G iles ▁civil ▁parish ▁was ▁an ▁el ong ated ▁" L " ▁shape , ▁stret ching ▁from ▁Tor ring ton ▁Place ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁to ▁Shel ton ▁Street ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁then ▁east ▁to ▁include ▁Lincoln ' s ▁Inn ▁Field s . ▁For ▁registration , ▁and ▁therefore ▁census ▁reporting , ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁was ▁divided ▁in ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁districts , ▁with ▁Mon mouth ▁Street ▁broad ly ▁forming |
▁the ▁division . ▁The ▁length ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁High ▁Street ▁is ▁identical ▁to ▁the ▁width ▁of ▁the ▁parish ▁at ▁that ▁point . ▁The ▁parish ▁of ▁St ▁George ▁Bloom sb ury ▁was ▁located ▁to ▁the ▁nort heast . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁St ▁G iles ▁North ▁was ▁ 1 3 , 8 3 7 ▁and ▁St ▁G iles ▁South ▁was ▁ 1 4 , 8 6 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁local ▁government ▁of ▁London ▁was ▁re organ ised ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁and ▁St ▁G iles ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Met ropolitan ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Hol born . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Cam den . ▁ ▁Street ▁name ▁et ym ologies ▁ ▁St ▁G iles ▁has ▁no ▁formally ▁defined ▁boundaries ▁– ▁those ▁util ised ▁here ▁form ▁a ▁rough ▁triangle : ▁New ▁Oxford ▁Street ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁Sh aft es bury ▁Avenue ▁to ▁the ▁south - east ▁and ▁Ch aring ▁Cross ▁Road ▁to ▁the ▁west . ▁▁ ▁Brook ▁M ew s ▁ ▁Buck n all ▁Street ▁– ▁after ▁either ▁Arab ella ▁Buck n all ▁( or ▁Buck nell ), ▁mother ▁of ▁John ▁Han mer , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Han mer ▁who ▁owned ▁this ▁land ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁or ▁Ralph ▁Buck n all , ▁local ▁ 1 7 th ▁- ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁vest ry man ▁ ▁Cambridge ▁Circ us ▁– ▁after ▁Prince ▁George , ▁ 2 |
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