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▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁Cameron , ▁R ondo ▁E . ▁France ▁and ▁the ▁Economic ▁Development ▁of ▁Europe , ▁ 1 8 0 0 – 1 9 1 4 : ▁Con qu ests ▁of ▁Peace ▁and ▁Se eds ▁of ▁War ▁( 1 9 6 1 ), ▁pp ▁ 3 0 4 – 2 2 7 ▁covers ▁France , ▁Spain ▁Russia ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁Co ats worth , ▁John ▁H . ▁" Ind isp ens able ▁Rail ro ads ▁in ▁a ▁Back ward ▁Econom y : ▁The ▁Case ▁of ▁Mexico ," ▁Journal ▁of ▁Economic ▁History ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ 3 9 # 4 ▁pp . 9 3 9 – 9 6 0 ▁in ▁J ST OR ▁ ▁F rem d ling , ▁R ainer . ▁" R ail road ss ▁and ▁German ▁Economic ▁Grow th : ▁A ▁Lead ing ▁S ector ▁Analysis ▁with ▁a ▁Compar ison ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Great ▁Britain ," ▁Journal ▁of ▁Economic ▁History ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ 3 7 # 3 ▁pp . 5 8 3 – 6 0 4 . ▁in ▁J ST OR ▁ ▁Had field , ▁C . ▁and ▁Sk empt on , ▁A . ▁W . ▁William ▁Jess op , ▁Engine er ▁( New ton ▁Abb ot ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Jen ks , ▁L eland ▁H . ▁" R ail ro ads ▁as ▁an ▁Economic ▁Force ▁in ▁American ▁Development ," ▁The ▁Journal ▁of ▁Economic ▁History , ▁vol . ▁ 4 , |
▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( May ▁ 1 9 4 4 ), ▁ 1 – 2 0 . ▁in ▁J ST OR ▁▁ ▁Incl udes ▁maps ▁of ▁major ▁rail ▁lines ▁on ▁all ▁contin ents ▁c . ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁. ▁ ▁Lewis , ▁M . ▁J . ▁T ., ▁" R ail ways ▁in ▁the ▁Greek ▁and ▁Roman ▁world ", ▁in ▁Guy , ▁A . ▁/ ▁Re es , ▁J . ▁( eds ), ▁Early ▁Rail ways . ▁A ▁Selection ▁of ▁Papers ▁from ▁the ▁First ▁International ▁Early ▁Rail ways ▁Conference ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁pp . 8 – 1 9 ▁( 1 0 – 1 5 ) ▁ ▁M isa , ▁Thomas ▁J . ▁A ▁Nation ▁of ▁Steel : ▁The ▁Making ▁of ▁Modern ▁America , ▁ 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 2 5 ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁chapter ▁ 1 ▁' Dom in ance ▁of ▁R ails ' ▁online ▁. ▁ ▁N ock , ▁O . ▁S . ▁ed . ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁Rail ways ▁( London , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ), ▁worldwide ▁coverage , ▁heavily ▁illustrated ▁ ▁O ’ B rien , ▁Patrick . ▁Rail ways ▁and ▁the ▁Economic ▁Development ▁of ▁Western ▁Europe , ▁ 1 8 3 0 – 1 9 1 4 ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁O ' B rien , ▁Patrick . ▁The ▁New ▁Economic ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Rail ways ▁( R out ledge , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Om |
r ani , ▁B ij an ▁Asia ▁Over land : ▁T ales ▁of ▁Travel ▁on ▁the ▁Trans - S iber ian ▁and ▁Sil k ▁Road ▁Od ys sey ▁Public ations , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁▁ ▁Ot te , ▁Thomas ▁G . ▁and ▁Keith ▁Neil son , ▁ed s . ▁Rail ways ▁and ▁International ▁Politics : ▁Path s ▁of ▁Empire , ▁ 1 8 4 8 – 1 9 4 5 ▁( R out ledge , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ 1 1 ▁essays ▁by ▁leading ▁scholars ▁ ▁R iley , ▁C . ▁J . ▁The ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁Tr ains ▁& ▁Loc omot ives ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁ ▁Sav age , ▁Christopher ▁and ▁T . ▁C . ▁Bark er . ▁Economic ▁History ▁of ▁Transport ▁in ▁Britain ▁( R out ledge , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Sch ivel bus ch , ▁Wol fg ang . ▁The ▁railway ▁journey : ▁the ▁industrial ization ▁of ▁time ▁and ▁space ▁in ▁the ▁nineteenth ▁century ▁( Un iv ▁of ▁California ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁▁ ▁Sto ver , ▁John . ▁American ▁Rail ways ▁( 2 nd ▁ed ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁▁ ▁Incl udes ▁numerous ▁c . ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁diagram s ▁and ▁illustr ations . ▁ ▁Jack ▁Sim mons ▁and ▁Gordon ▁B iddle ▁( edit ors ). ▁The ▁Oxford ▁Compan ion ▁to ▁British ▁Railway ▁History : ▁From ▁ 1 6 0 3 ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 |
0 s ▁( 2 nd ▁ed ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Sto ver , ▁John . ▁The ▁R out ledge ▁Historical ▁Atl as ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Rail ro ads ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Summer hill , ▁William ▁R . ▁" Big ▁Social ▁Sav ings ▁in ▁a ▁Small ▁L agg ard ▁Econom y : ▁Rail road - L ed ▁Grow th ▁in ▁Brazil ," ▁Journal ▁of ▁Economic ▁History ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ 6 5 # 1 ▁pp . 7 2 – 1 0 2 ▁in ▁J ST OR ▁ ▁Hist ori ography ▁▁ ▁H urd ▁II , ▁John ▁and ▁Ian ▁J . ▁K err , ▁ed s . ▁India ' s ▁railway ▁history : ▁a ▁research ▁hand book ▁( Br ill , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Lee , ▁Robert . ▁" A ▁F ract ious ▁Federation : ▁Pattern s ▁in ▁Australian ▁Railway ▁Hist ori ography ." ▁M ob ility ▁in ▁History ( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ 4 # 1 ▁pp . 1 4 9 – 1 5 8 . ▁ ▁McDonald , ▁Kate . ▁" As ym met rical ▁Integr ation : ▁Less ons ▁from ▁a ▁Railway ▁Empire ." ▁Technology ▁and ▁Culture ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ 5 6 # 1 ▁pp . 1 1 5 – 1 4 9 . ▁ ▁Path ak , ▁Dev ▁N . ▁" Mar ian ▁Ag ui ar , ▁Track ing ▁Modern ity : ▁India ’ s ▁Railway ▁and ▁the |
▁Culture ▁of ▁M ob ility ." ▁South ▁Asia : ▁Journal ▁of ▁South ▁Asian ▁Studies ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ 3 5 # 4 ▁pp . 9 0 0 – 9 0 1 . ▁ ▁Sal ern o , ▁El ena . ▁" The ▁Hist ori ography ▁of ▁Rail ways ▁in ▁Argentina : ▁Between ▁Foreign ▁Invest ment , ▁National ism ▁and ▁Liberal ism ." ▁M ob ility ▁in ▁History ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ 5 # 1 ▁pp . 1 0 5 – 1 2 0 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁W WW ▁Guide ▁to ▁" R ail road ▁History " ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁John ▁H . ▁White , ▁Jr . ▁Reference ▁Collection , ▁ 1 8 8 0 s – 1 9 9 0 ▁Archives ▁Center , ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁American ▁History , ▁Smith son ian ▁Inst itution . ▁ ▁National ▁Railway ▁Historical ▁Society ▁ ▁Foreign ▁Rail ways ▁of ▁the ▁World : ▁Cont aining ▁in ▁One ▁Volume , ▁the ▁Names ▁of ▁Off ic ers , ▁Length , ▁Capital , ... ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) ▁ ▁How ▁the ▁Rail road ▁is ▁Modern ising ▁Asia , ▁The ▁Ad vert iser , ▁Ad ela ide , ▁S . ▁Australia , ▁ 2 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁N . B .: ▁The ▁article ▁is ▁approx . ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁words , ▁covering ▁approx . ▁a ▁dozen ▁Asian ▁countries . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : History ▁of ▁technology <0x0A> </s> ▁| |
} ▁ ▁The ▁Silver ▁St akes ▁is ▁a ▁List ed ▁flat ▁horse ▁race ▁in ▁Ireland ▁open ▁to ▁thorough b red s ▁aged ▁three ▁years ▁or ▁older . ▁It ▁is ▁run ▁over ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 1 mile ▁and ▁ 2 f url ongs ▁( 2 , 0 1 2 met res ) ▁at ▁the ▁Cur rag h ▁in ▁June . ▁ ▁The ▁race ▁was ▁first ▁run ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁as ▁the ▁Hotel ▁Con rad ▁Silver ▁Race . ▁ ▁The ▁race ▁was ▁run ▁at ▁Leop ard st own ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Horse ▁racing ▁in ▁Ireland ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Irish ▁flat ▁horse ▁races ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Racing ▁Post : ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁ ▁Category : Open ▁middle ▁distance ▁horse ▁races ▁Category : Cur rag h ▁Race course ▁Category : Fl at ▁races ▁in ▁Ireland ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ireland ▁Category : Rec ur ring ▁sport ing ▁events ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Pray ers ▁of ▁Steel ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁only ▁full - length ▁album ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁heavy ▁metal ▁band ▁Av enger ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁before ▁they ▁changed ▁their ▁name ▁to ▁R age . ▁The ▁only ▁other ▁release ▁that ▁followed ▁under ▁the |
▁name ▁Av enger ▁was ▁the ▁EP ▁Dep r aved ▁to ▁Black ▁( 1 9 8 5 ▁also ). ▁The ▁German ▁label ▁G UN ▁Records ▁re iss ued ▁the ▁album ▁on ▁CD ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁including ▁the ▁track ▁of ▁the ▁EP . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁" Battle field " ▁( J oc hen ▁Sch ro eder , ▁Peter ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 4 4 ▁" South ▁Cross ▁Union " ▁( Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 3 3 ▁" P ray ers ▁of ▁Steel " ▁( Sch ro eder , ▁Alf ▁Mey err at ken , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 6 : 1 0 ▁" H alloween " ▁( W agner ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 9 ▁" F aster ▁Th an ▁Hell " ▁( Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 6 ▁" Ad oration " ▁( Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 8 ▁" R ise ▁of ▁the ▁Creat ure " ▁( M ey err at ken , ▁Sch ro eder ) ▁- ▁ 5 : 2 3 ▁" S word ▁Made ▁of ▁Steel " ▁( M ey err at ken , ▁Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 5 : 0 2 ▁" Blo od ▁L ust " ▁( Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 4 7 ▁" Ass orted ▁by ▁Sat an " ▁( M ey err at |
ken , ▁Sch ro eder , ▁W agner ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 4 ▁ ▁C red its ▁Peter ▁W agner ▁( Pe avy ) ▁- ▁vocals , ▁bass ▁guitar ▁J oc hen ▁Sch ro eder ▁- ▁gu it ars ▁Alf ▁Mey err at ken ▁- ▁gu it ars ▁J ör g ▁Michael ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁R age ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : R age ▁( band ) ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁is ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁parliament ary ▁elect or ate , ▁returning ▁one ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives . ▁The ▁current ▁MP ▁for ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁is ▁Barbara ▁Kur iger ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Party . ▁She ▁has ▁held ▁this ▁position ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁General ▁E lection . ▁ ▁Pop ulation ▁cent res ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁stret ches ▁down ▁the ▁western ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Island , ▁starting ▁at ▁the ▁out sk irts ▁of ▁Hamilton , ▁through ▁to ▁the ▁King ▁Country ▁towns ▁of ▁Te ▁Aw am ut u , ▁O tor oh anga ▁and ▁Te ▁K uit i , ▁and ▁ending ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁Tar an aki ▁region , ▁to ▁take ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁P ly mouth ▁urban ▁area ▁and ▁all ▁of ▁Str at ford ▁District . ▁From ▁, ▁it ▁has ▁included ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁R ag lan . ▁ ▁The ▁boundaries ▁have ▁gradually ▁been ▁expanded |
▁as ▁the ▁population ▁has ▁fallen , ▁relative ▁to ▁the ▁overall ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁revision ▁the ▁proposed ▁boundaries ▁received ▁the ▁third ▁highest ▁number ▁( 2 5 ) ▁of ▁ob jections ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁After ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁revision ▁the ▁constitu ency ▁covered ▁parts ▁of ▁ 3 ▁regional ▁coun c ils ▁and ▁ 7 ▁district ▁coun c ils ▁( W a ik ato ▁District , ▁Wa ipa ▁District , ▁O tor oh anga ▁District , ▁Wait omo ▁District , ▁New ▁P ly mouth ▁District , ▁Str at ford ▁District , ▁Ru ape hu ▁District ), ▁including ▁Hamilton ▁Airport . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁seat ▁was ▁created ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁mixed - member ▁proport ional ▁voting ▁in ▁ ▁from ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁ ▁seat ▁with ▁parts ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁around ▁Hamilton . ▁All ▁these ▁seats ▁were ▁safe ▁National ▁seats ▁covering ▁rural ▁areas ▁tradition ally ▁loyal ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Party , ▁the ▁new ▁seat ▁remained ▁faithful ▁to ▁old ▁alleg iances ▁in ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁swing ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand ▁First ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁North ▁Island ▁at ▁the ▁. ▁The ▁first ▁MP ▁for ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁was ▁the ▁then ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁Jim ▁Bol ger . ▁ ▁Having ▁been ▁ou sted ▁from ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁his ▁party , ▁Bol ger ▁accepted ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 |
8 , ▁and ▁triggered ▁the ▁. ▁Despite ▁a ▁large ▁swing ▁to ▁ACT ▁Party ▁candidate ▁Owen ▁Jenn ings , ▁Bol ger ' s ▁chosen ▁success or ▁Sh ane ▁Ar dern ▁won ▁a ▁narrow ▁victory ▁on ▁a ▁heavily ▁reduced ▁turn out . ▁Since ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁by election , ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁has ▁re verted ▁to ▁form , ▁giving ▁Ar dern ▁two ▁out ▁of ▁every ▁three ▁votes ▁cast ▁in ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁Members ▁of ▁Parliament ▁ ▁Unless ▁otherwise ▁stated , ▁all ▁MP s ▁terms ▁began ▁and ▁ended ▁at ▁general ▁elections . ▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁List ▁MP s ▁ ▁Members ▁of ▁Parliament ▁elected ▁from ▁party ▁lists ▁in ▁elections ▁where ▁that ▁person ▁also ▁un success fully ▁cont ested ▁the ▁Tar an aki - King ▁Country ▁elect or ate . ▁Unless ▁otherwise ▁stated , ▁all ▁MP s ▁terms ▁began ▁and ▁ended ▁at ▁general ▁elections . ▁ ▁E lection ▁results ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁election ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁election ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁election ▁ ▁E lector ate ▁( as ▁at ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 ): ▁ 4 1 , 1 5 2 ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁election ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁election ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁election ▁Refer ▁to ▁C andid ates ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁general ▁election ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁by ▁elect or ate # T aran aki - King ▁Country ▁for ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁candidates . ▁▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁by - election |
▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁E lector ate ▁Profile ▁ ▁Parliament ary ▁Library ▁ ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁elect or ates ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Tar an aki ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Wa ik ato <0x0A> </s> ▁Go ose ▁Arm ▁was ▁a ▁settlement ▁located ▁north ▁of ▁Cor ner ▁Brook . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁A ▁l umber ▁mill ▁and ▁the ▁fisher y ▁were ▁the ▁main ▁employers ▁in ▁the ▁community . ▁At ▁its ▁peak ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Go ose ▁Arm ▁was ▁ 7 6 . ▁The ▁population ▁declined ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁closure ▁of ▁the ▁l umber ▁mill ▁and ▁the ▁decline ▁in ▁the ▁her ring ▁fisher y . ▁The ▁last ▁inhabitants ▁rel oc ated ▁to ▁nearby ▁C ox ' s ▁C ove ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁communities ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or ▁List ▁of ▁ghost ▁towns ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Small wood , ▁Joseph ▁R . ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or , ▁New found land ▁Book ▁Publish ers ▁Ltd ., ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁p . ▁ 5 6 3 - 5 6 4 ▁ |
▁Category : G host ▁towns ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or <0x0A> </s> ▁D ib ut yl ▁se b ac ate ▁( DB S ) ▁is ▁an ▁organic ▁chemical , ▁a ▁d ib ut yl ▁es ter ▁of ▁se b ac ic ▁acid . ▁Its ▁main ▁use ▁is ▁as ▁a ▁plastic izer ▁in ▁production ▁of ▁pl ast ics , ▁namely ▁cell ul ose ▁ac et ate ▁but yr ate , ▁cell ul ose ▁ac et ate ▁prop ion ate , ▁eth yl ▁cell ul ose , ▁poly vin yl ▁but y ral , ▁poly vin yl ▁ch lor ide , ▁pol yst y re ne , ▁and ▁many ▁synthetic ▁rub bers ▁( especially ▁nit rile ▁rubber ▁and ▁ne op re ne ) ▁and ▁other ▁pl ast ics . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁pl ast ics ▁in ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁food ▁packaging ▁industry , ▁in ▁pl ast ics ▁used ▁for ▁medical ▁devices , ▁and ▁for ▁pharm aceut ical ▁applications , ▁e . g . ▁as ▁a ▁plastic izer ▁for ▁film ▁co ating ▁of ▁table ts , ▁be ads , ▁and ▁gran ules . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁lub ric ant ▁in ▁sh aving ▁lot ions , ▁and ▁a ▁flavor ing ▁add itive ▁in ▁non - al cohol ic ▁be ver ages , ▁ice ▁cream , ▁ ices , ▁candy , ▁and ▁b aked ▁goods . ▁It ▁provides ▁excellent ▁compatibility ▁with ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁plastic ▁materials , ▁superior ▁properties ▁at ▁low ▁temperatures , ▁and ▁good ▁oil ▁resist ivity . ▁Its |
▁other ▁names ▁include ▁Mor flex , ▁K od af lex , ▁poly c izer , ▁Pro vi pl ast ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁and ▁P X ▁ 4 0 4 . ▁D ib ut yl ▁se b ac ate ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁des ens it izer ▁in ▁Otto ▁fuel ▁II , ▁a ▁tor ped o ▁mon op rop ell ant . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Car box yl ate ▁es ters ▁Category : Pl astic izers <0x0A> </s> ▁M unk holm ▁Bridge ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 1 4 met res ▁long ▁arch ▁bridge ▁across ▁the ▁I se ▁F j ord ▁link ing ▁the ▁Hol b æ k ▁area ▁( Hol b æ k ▁Municip ality ) ▁with ▁the ▁Horn s her red ▁pen insula ▁( Le j re ▁Municip ality ). ▁The ▁bridge ▁is ▁located ▁six kil om eters ▁from ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁in let . ▁It ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁and ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁br idges ▁in ▁Denmark ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Hol b æ k ▁Municip ality ▁Category : B rid ges ▁in ▁Denmark <0x0A> </s> ▁Jason ▁Wol fe ▁( born ▁November ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ), ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player , ▁and ▁go alt ender ▁coach . ▁Wol fe ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁at ▁the ▁NC AA ▁level , ▁playing ▁for ▁M err im |
ack ▁College . ▁ ▁Wol fe ▁spent ▁four ▁seasons ▁in ▁Massachusetts , ▁but ▁was ▁used ▁mainly ▁as ▁a ▁backup ▁go alt ender , ▁making ▁just ▁ 1 8 ▁appearances ▁in ▁his ▁time ▁there . ▁ ▁After ▁completing ▁his ▁final ▁college ▁season ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁played ▁ 1 0 ▁games ▁and ▁posted ▁a ▁. 9 1 4 ▁save ▁percentage ▁Wol fe ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁Reading ▁Roy als ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 / 0 2 ▁term , ▁where ▁he ▁competed ▁effectively ▁allowing ▁just ▁ 7 ▁goals ▁on ▁ 8 7 ▁shots ▁ ▁in ▁three ▁E CH L ▁games . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁sign ▁for ▁the ▁Ad ir ond ack ▁Ice H aw ks ▁at ▁the ▁lower ▁U HL ▁level , ▁where ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁his ▁career ▁he ▁managed ▁to ▁claim ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁spot . ▁ ▁Wol fe ▁also ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁post - season ▁for ▁the ▁Ice H aw ks . ▁ ▁Wol fe ' s ▁displays ▁for ▁the ▁Ice H aw ks ▁demonstrated ▁to ▁the ▁Ro ano ke ▁Express ▁that ▁he ▁deserved ▁a ▁chance ▁to ▁start ▁at ▁E CH L ▁level , ▁and ▁ ▁they ▁signed ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 / 0 4 ▁season . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁chance ▁which ▁Wol fe ▁seized , ▁making ▁ 3 7 ▁regular ▁and ▁ 2 ▁post - season ▁appearances . ▁ ▁Despite ▁his ▁positive ▁showing , ▁Wol fe ▁was ▁to ▁split ▁the ▁following ▁season ▁between ▁three ▁teams ▁- |
▁the ▁Mississippi ▁Sea ▁Wol ves , ▁the ▁B akers field ▁Cond ors ▁and ▁the ▁Texas ▁Wild cat ters . ▁ ▁His ▁solid ▁play ▁earned ▁him ▁a ▁prominent ▁role ▁with ▁the ▁August a ▁Lyn x ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 / 0 6 ▁period . ▁ ▁The ▁choice ▁of ▁the ▁Lyn x ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁good ▁one , ▁and ▁Wol fe ▁again ▁claimed ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁slot , ▁putting ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁impressive ▁displays ▁and ▁using ▁his ▁im posing ▁size ▁to ▁his , ▁and ▁his ▁team ' s ▁advantage . ▁ ▁His ▁impressive ▁form ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁Manchester ▁Phoenix , ▁a ▁team ▁in ▁Britain ' s ▁E I HL ▁sn apping ▁up ▁Wol fe ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁play ▁as ▁their ▁starting ▁go alt ender . ▁ ▁Wol fe ▁again ▁played ▁well ▁in ▁the ▁# 1 ▁role , ▁appearing ▁in ▁a ▁career ▁high ▁ 5 3 ▁games , ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Phoenix ' ▁most ▁reliable ▁players ▁in ▁a ▁season ▁which ▁saw ▁the ▁team ▁play ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁without ▁a ▁home ▁r ink . ▁ ▁Despite ▁his ▁reli ability , ▁Wol fe ▁opt ed ▁not ▁to ▁re - sign ▁the ▁following ▁year , ▁in ▁part ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁child , ▁ ▁with ▁player / co ach ▁Tony ▁Hand ▁opt ing ▁to ▁sign ▁ex - N HL ▁go alt ender ▁Scott ▁F ank hou ser ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁ ▁Wol fe ▁took ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁move ▁back |
▁to ▁North ▁America ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 ▁season ▁for ▁the ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁Bl az ers ▁of ▁the ▁CH L ▁and ▁posted ▁a ▁. 9 1 0 ▁save ▁percentage ▁while ▁appearing ▁in ▁ 3 5 ▁games . ▁ ▁Wol fe ▁would ▁remain ▁in ▁the ▁CH L ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 / 0 9 ▁term , ▁signing ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Mexico ▁Sc orp ions . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Jason ▁Wol fe ▁Personal ▁Profile , ▁Manchester ▁Phoenix ▁Official ▁Website . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ad ir ond ack ▁Ice H aw ks ▁players ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁go alt enders ▁Category : Aug usta ▁Lyn x ▁players ▁Category : B akers field ▁Cond ors ▁( 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Man chester ▁Phoenix ▁players ▁Category : M err im ack ▁War riors ▁men ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁Category : Miss iss ippi ▁Sea ▁Wol ves ▁players ▁Category : O klahoma ▁City ▁Bl az ers ▁( 1 9 9 2 – present ) ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁College ▁Park , ▁Maryland ▁Category : Read ing ▁Roy als ▁players ▁Category : Ro ano ke ▁Express ▁players ▁Category : Tex as ▁Wild cat ters ▁players ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Maryland <0x0A> </s> ▁Haw orth ia ▁mut ica ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁succ ulent ▁plant ▁native |
▁to ▁South ▁Africa ' s ▁Cape ▁Province . ▁Very ▁similar ▁to , ▁and ▁often ▁confused ▁with , ▁types ▁such ▁as ▁Haw orth ia ▁ret usa , ▁the ▁species ▁has ▁bl unt , ▁tri angular ▁shaped ▁leaves ▁that ▁are ▁typically ▁stri ated . ▁In ▁the ▁wild ▁it ▁rarely ▁offset s , ▁though ▁cl ones ▁in ▁cultiv ation ▁may ▁do ▁so ▁readily . ▁The ▁variety ▁H . ▁mut ica ▁var ▁n ig ra ▁is ▁similar ▁but ▁with ▁dark er ▁( ne arly ▁black ) ▁leaf ▁color . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Haw orth ia ▁mut ica , ▁blog ▁post ▁with ▁further ▁description ▁ ▁mut ica ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁South ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁rock ▁band ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois . ▁The ▁band ▁released ▁six ▁studio ▁albums , ▁seven ▁EP s , ▁and ▁two ▁compilation ▁albums ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁three ▁DVD s . ▁ ▁History ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Mat ▁Dev ine ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁The ▁band ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Dev ine ' s ▁ex - girl friend . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁Dev ine ▁was ▁singing ▁and ▁playing ▁guitar ▁in ▁a ▁band ▁called ▁In ▁a ▁Jar ▁UK . ▁After ▁the ▁fall out ▁with ▁Hannah , ▁Dev ine ▁printed ▁up ▁stick ers ▁to ▁place ▁on ▁In ▁a ▁Jar ▁UK ▁ 7 " ▁records ▁bearing ▁the ▁name ▁" K ill ▁Hannah ". ▁ ▁All ▁of ▁Kill ▁Hannah ' s ▁dem |
os ▁and ▁self - re leased ▁studio ▁albums ▁and ▁EP s ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁were ▁funded ▁by ▁entertainment ▁lawyer ▁Jack ▁D ault on . ▁ ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁recorded ▁their ▁Atlantic ▁Records ▁debut ▁For ▁Never ▁& ▁Ever ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁in ▁the ▁winter ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁with ▁producer ▁Sean ▁Be avan ▁and ▁mix er ▁Tim ▁Pal mer . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁mostly ▁re - record ed ▁versions ▁of ▁back - catalog ▁songs ▁and ▁numbers ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁performed ▁live ▁for ▁about ▁a ▁year ▁prior . ▁The ▁band ▁shot ▁video ▁for ▁the ▁song ▁" Un w anted ," ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁release ▁it ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁when ▁they ▁released ▁it ▁as ▁an ▁Internet - only ▁clip . ▁ ▁Through ▁much ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁performed ▁with ▁Che velle , ▁H IM , ▁Papa ▁Ro ach , ▁Th ous and ▁Foot ▁Kr utch , ▁A FI , ▁D ashboard ▁Conf ess ional , ▁Never ending ▁White ▁L ights , ▁and ▁The ▁Sounds , ▁while ▁also ▁opening ▁for ▁bands ▁such ▁as ▁Jane ' s ▁Add iction , ▁Ever clear , ▁Eve ▁ 6 , ▁Mind less ▁Self ▁Ind ul gence , ▁Th irty ▁Second s ▁to ▁Mars , ▁and ▁The ▁All - American ▁Re ject s . ▁ ▁The ▁single ▁" K enn edy " ▁received ▁some ▁attention . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁performed ▁on ▁Last ▁Call ▁with ▁Cars on ▁D |
aly ▁and ▁featured ▁on ▁television ▁shows ▁such ▁as ▁Jack ▁& ▁Bobby , ▁One ▁Tree ▁Hill , ▁and ▁North ▁Sh ore . ▁ ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁signed ▁with ▁Atlantic ▁Records ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁while ▁being ▁managed ▁by ▁Steve ▁H utton . ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁has ▁since ▁part ed ▁company ▁with ▁H utton . ▁The ▁band ▁released ▁their ▁second ▁album , ▁Until ▁There ' s ▁Nothing ▁Left ▁of ▁Us , ▁with ▁Atlantic ▁Records , ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁They ▁signed ▁with ▁Road runner ▁Records ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁released ▁Until ▁There ' s ▁Nothing ▁Left ▁of ▁Us ▁for ▁the ▁UK ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 4 . ▁Kill ▁Hannah ' s ▁Atlantic ▁albums ▁have ▁sold ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁copies . ▁ ▁After ▁finishing ▁the ▁US ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁Hope ▁for ▁the ▁Hop eless ▁tour ▁with ▁In ner Part y System , ▁The ▁White ▁T ie ▁Aff air , ▁and ▁The ▁Medic ▁D roid , ▁the ▁European ▁leg ▁was ▁interrupted ▁when ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ' s ▁tour ▁bus ▁caught ▁fire ▁while ▁driving ▁through ▁Switzerland . ▁Almost ▁all ▁of ▁their ▁personal ▁belong ings ▁were ▁bur nt ▁so ▁badly ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁no ▁longer ▁us able , ▁including ▁clothing , ▁lapt ops , ▁pass ports ▁and ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁gifts ▁from ▁fans ▁they ▁had ▁acquired ▁during ▁the ▁tour . ▁Although ▁no ▁one ▁was ▁hurt , ▁their ▁sched ules ▁for ▁Paris ▁and |
▁Belgium ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cancel ed ▁whilst ▁they ▁waited ▁for ▁a ▁replacement ▁bus ▁from ▁Manchester , ▁England . ▁The ▁tour ▁then ▁res umed ▁in ▁Sto ke , ▁England ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁K err ang ! ▁magazine ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁vocal ist ▁Mat ▁Dev ine ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁band ▁will ▁begin ▁preparation ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁studio ▁album ▁after ▁the ▁Hope ▁for ▁the ▁Hop eless ▁tour ▁has ▁ended . ▁However , ▁he ▁stated ▁that ▁this ▁album ▁will ▁be ▁" he avier " ▁and ▁" more ▁aggressive " ▁than ▁the ▁last ▁albums . ▁Comment ing ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁he ▁said : ▁" I ' m ▁not ▁saying ▁this ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁next ▁N ec ro ph ag ist ▁or ▁Bur z um ▁but ▁its ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁lot ▁more ▁aggressive ▁and ▁heav ier ▁than ▁the ▁others . ▁But ▁I ▁am ▁confident ▁fans ▁will ▁enjoy ▁it ▁as ▁we ▁are ▁ 2 0 0 % ▁prepared ▁so ▁we ▁know ▁what ▁to ▁include ▁and ▁not ▁to ▁include . ▁We ' ve ▁always ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁heavy ▁album ▁and ▁this ▁is ▁our ▁time ." ▁ ▁Gu itar ist ▁Jonathan ▁Rad t ke ▁did ▁not ▁join ▁the ▁band ▁on ▁the ▁Europe ▁leg ▁of ▁their ▁fall ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Hope ▁for ▁the ▁Hop eless ▁tour . ▁Tom ▁Sch le iter , ▁the ▁guitar ist ▁from ▁Pow ers pace , ▁joined ▁them ▁in ▁his ▁place . ▁Rad t ke ▁returned ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁band ' s ▁year |
ly ▁" New ▁Heart ▁for ▁X mas " ▁show ▁in ▁Chicago ▁( d uring ▁which ▁the ▁band ▁premier ed ▁two ▁new ▁songs : ▁" S now bl ind ed " ▁and ▁" Radio ", ▁but ▁bass ist ▁Greg ▁Cor ner ▁later ▁confirmed ▁in ▁a ▁radio ▁interview ▁with ▁Chicago ' s ▁Q 1 0 1 ▁that ▁Rad t ke ▁had ▁in ▁fact ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁to ▁pursue ▁other ▁projects ▁and ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁present ▁in ▁recording ▁their ▁new ▁album . ▁Post s ▁on ▁Rad t ke ' s ▁Twitter ▁account ▁refer ▁to ▁his ▁new ▁side ▁project , ▁Pol ar ▁Moon . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁record ▁labels , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁cancel ed ▁their ▁Spring ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁tour . ▁The ▁new ▁record ▁deal ▁has ▁the ▁band ▁under ▁a ▁deadline ▁to ▁put ▁out ▁their ▁newest ▁album , ▁W ake ▁Up ▁the ▁Sleep ers , ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁summer ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁thus ▁forcing ▁the ▁band ▁to ▁stay ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁record . ▁The ▁remainder ▁of ▁their ▁fall ▁US ▁tour ▁dates ▁also ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cancelled ▁after ▁their ▁van ▁and ▁equipment ▁were ▁stolen ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁in ▁November , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁guitar ist ▁Michael ▁M add ox ▁joined ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁participated ▁in ▁several ▁shows ▁and ▁tours . ▁ ▁In ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁announced ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁tour ing ▁with ▁Sm ashing ▁P |
ump kins ▁on ▁a ▁" special ▁U . S . ▁run ▁of ▁intimate ▁ven ues " ▁during ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁announced ▁that ▁their ▁annual ▁" New ▁Heart ▁for ▁X mas " ▁concert ▁in ▁Chicago ▁would ▁be ▁post pon ed ▁until ▁further ▁notice ▁due ▁to ▁Mat ▁Dev ine ' s ▁involvement ▁in ▁a ▁Broadway ▁musical ▁and ▁other ▁member ▁schedul ing ▁conflicts . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁announced ▁that ▁New ▁Heart ▁For ▁X mas ▁ 8 ▁would ▁be ▁at ▁The ▁B ottom ▁L ounge ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁with ▁opening ▁acts ▁Aw aken ▁the ▁Empire , ▁and ▁Com as oft . ▁The ▁band ▁also ▁announced ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁playing ▁an ▁intimate ▁" St ory t ellers " ▁show ▁at ▁J B TV ▁stud ios . ▁ ▁Mat ▁Dev ine ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁band ▁is ▁planning ▁on ▁recording ▁an ▁album ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁release . ▁A ▁couple ▁of ▁new ▁songs ▁have ▁been ▁played ▁at ▁conc erts ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁but ▁none ▁have ▁had ▁an ▁official ▁release ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁only ▁record ings ▁of ▁them ▁from ▁conc erts . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁via ▁the ▁band ' s ▁Facebook ▁page ▁that ▁after ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁the ▁band ▁will ▁be ▁performing ▁their ▁last ▁show ▁where ▁it ▁all |
▁began ▁at ▁The ▁Metro ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁IL ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁for ▁New ▁Heart ▁For ▁Christmas ▁X . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Studio ▁albums ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable " ▁| - ▁! ▁Year ▁! ▁Title ▁! ▁Record ▁label ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁| ▁The ▁Beaut y ▁in ▁S inking ▁Sh ips ▁| ▁Self - re leased ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁| ▁Here ▁Are ▁the ▁Young ▁Modern s ▁| ▁Self - re leased ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁| ▁American ▁Jet ▁Set ▁| ▁Baby ▁D oll ▁Records ▁( CD ), ▁Arc ad elt ic ▁Records ▁( i T unes ) ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁| ▁For ▁Never ▁& ▁Ever ▁| ▁Atlantic ▁Records ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁| ▁Until ▁There ' s ▁Nothing ▁Left ▁of ▁Us ▁| ▁Atlantic ▁Records ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁| H ope ▁for ▁the ▁Hop eless ▁| ▁Self - re leased ▁| - ▁| ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁| ▁W ake ▁Up ▁the ▁Sleep ers | ▁Original ▁Sign al ▁Record ings / Univers al ▁Mot own ▁Records ▁| } ▁ ▁EP s ▁ ▁Comp il ations ▁ ▁Prom os L oves ick / N erve ▁Gas ▁( c ass ette ▁prom o ; ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁" All ▁That ▁He ▁W ants ▁( American ▁Jet ▁Set )" ▁( 3 - track ▁single ; ▁ |
1 9 9 9 ) ▁" W elcome ▁to ▁Chicago , ▁Mother f ucker " ▁( 1 - track ▁single ; ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) K ill ▁Hannah ▁Sam pler ▁(" K enn edy " /" Big ▁Sh ot " ▁sn ippet ; ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁" K enn edy " ▁( 1 - track ▁single ; ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) 1 9 9 3 – 1 9 9 9 ▁( 5 - track ▁CD ▁with ▁four ▁older ▁songs ▁plus ▁" Good night , ▁Good bye "; ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁" A ▁New ▁Heart ▁for ▁Christmas " ▁( 1 - track ▁single ; ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁" L ips ▁Like ▁Mor ph ine " ▁( 1 - track ▁single ; ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁" L ips ▁Like ▁Mor ph ine " ▁Rem ix es ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁" C razy ▁Angel " ▁Rem ix es ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁" Bo ys ▁and ▁Girls " ▁( prom o ▁ 3 - track ▁single ; ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁" New ▁York ▁City ▁Speed " ▁Rem ix es ▁( i T unes ▁max i - single ; ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁" Promise ▁Me " ▁( 4 - track ▁single ; ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁DVD s W elcome ▁to ▁Chicago ▁( De cember , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) |
New ▁Heart ▁for ▁X - M as ▁ 6 ▁limited ▁edition ▁( De cember , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) Se ize ▁the ▁Days '' ▁( De cember ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Members ▁ ▁Final ▁Line up ▁Mat ▁Dev ine ▁– ▁vocals ▁Dan ▁W ies e ▁– ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Greg ▁Cor ner ▁– ▁bass ▁Eli as ▁Mall in ▁– ▁drums ▁Jonathan ▁Rad t ke ▁– ▁lead ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁ ▁Former ▁Gar rett ▁Ham mond ▁– ▁drums ▁James ▁Con nel ly ▁– ▁drums ▁Allen ▁M org en st ern ▁– ▁bass ▁Daniel ▁W en berg ▁– ▁drums ▁Michael ▁Lee ▁– ▁drums ▁Isaac ▁B ender ▁– ▁guitar , ▁key boards ▁K erry ▁Fin er ty ▁– ▁lead ▁guitar / back ing ▁vocals ▁Michael ▁M add ox ▁– ▁Lead ▁gu it ars ▁( t our ▁only ) ▁Mi key ▁Way - B ass ▁( no ▁record ings ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁the ▁K H K ▁( K ill ▁Hannah ▁Kol lect ive ) ▁a ▁second ▁family ▁for ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁fans ▁Kill ▁Hannah ▁F an ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Illinois ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁dis est ablish ments ▁in ▁Illinois ▁Category : Al tern ative ▁rock ▁groups ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : At l antic ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : E lect ronic ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Category : Mus |
ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : R oad runner ▁Records ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁L ing wood ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁W her ry ▁L ines ▁in ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁England , ▁serving ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁L ing wood , ▁Nor folk . ▁It ▁is ▁ ▁down ▁the ▁line ▁from ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁route ▁to ▁ ▁and ▁is ▁situated ▁between ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁Its ▁three - letter ▁station ▁code ▁is ▁L GD . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁managed ▁by ▁Gre ater ▁Ang lia , ▁which ▁operates ▁all ▁trains ▁serving ▁the ▁station . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Great ▁Eastern ▁Railway ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁L ing wood . ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁agriculture ▁was ▁th riving ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁and ▁surrounding ▁areas , ▁so ▁much ▁so ▁that ▁over ▁£ 1 0 0 0 ▁was ▁spent ▁on ▁a ▁large ▁warehouse ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁station . ▁This ▁was ▁served ▁by ▁sid ings , ▁a ▁second ▁platform ▁and ▁a ▁goods ▁yard . ▁Much ▁of ▁this ▁still ▁exists ▁to ▁this ▁day ▁although ▁is ▁not ▁publicly ▁accessible . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁building ▁fell ▁out ▁of ▁use ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁during ▁the ▁Be ech ing ▁cuts . ▁After ▁this ▁it ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁dress ▁shop , ▁and ▁then ▁a ▁doctor ' s ▁surgery , ▁before ▁being ▁left ▁der el ict ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁eight ies . ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁bought ▁from ▁British ▁Rail ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 8 9 ▁by ▁the ▁current ▁owners , ▁and ▁was ▁completely ▁renov ated . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁features ▁were ▁retained , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁opened ▁as ▁a ▁Bed ▁& ▁Break fast ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁which ▁it ▁remains . ▁ ▁Services ▁ ▁the ▁typical ▁Monday - S aturday ▁off - pe ak ▁service ▁at ▁L ing wood ▁is ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁( 2 0 0 5 ). ▁OS ▁Expl orer ▁Map ▁O L 4 0 ▁- ▁The ▁Bro ads . ▁. ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁Nor folk ▁Category : Form er ▁Great ▁Eastern ▁Railway ▁stations ▁Category : Gre ater ▁Ang lia ▁franchise ▁railway ▁stations ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁ib n ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib ▁( ▁; ▁), ▁born ▁ ʿ Im r ā n ▁() ▁or ▁ ʿ Ab d ▁Man ā f ▁( ), ▁was ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁Ban u ▁Hash im , ▁a ▁clan ▁of ▁the ▁Q ur ays hi ▁tribe ▁of ▁Me cca ▁in ▁the ▁He j azi ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ian ▁Pen insula . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁uncle ▁of ▁the ▁Islamic ▁Prop het ▁Muhammad , ▁and ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁R ash id ▁Cal iph ▁Ali . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib ▁ib n ▁Hash im ▁ib n ▁Abd ▁Man af , ▁he ▁inherited |
▁this ▁position , ▁and ▁the ▁offices ▁of ▁Si q aya ▁and ▁R if ada . ▁He ▁was ▁well - res pected ▁in ▁Me cca , ▁despite ▁a ▁decl ining ▁fortune . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Me cca ▁in ▁the ▁Hij az ▁region ▁in ▁ 5 3 5 ▁CE . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁Hash im ite ▁chief , ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁brother ▁of ▁Muhammad ' s ▁father , ▁Abd ull ah , ▁who ▁had ▁died ▁before ▁Muhammad ' s ▁birth . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Muhammad ' s ▁mother ▁A min ah ▁b int ▁W ah ab , ▁Muhammad ▁as ▁a ▁child ▁was ▁taken ▁into ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁his ▁grandfather , ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib . ▁When ▁Muhammad ▁reached ▁eight ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib ▁died . ▁One ▁of ▁Muhammad ' s ▁un cles ▁was ▁to ▁take ▁him ▁in . ▁The ▁oldest , ▁Al - Har ith ▁was ▁not ▁wealthy ▁enough ▁to ▁take ▁him ▁in . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib , ▁despite ▁his ▁poverty , ▁took ▁in ▁Muhammad ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁gener osity . ▁Although ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁Si q aya ▁and ▁R if ada ▁( F ood ▁and ▁Bever ages ) ▁of ▁H aj j ▁pil gr ims , ▁he ▁was ▁poor . ▁ ▁Muhammad ▁loved ▁his ▁uncle , ▁and ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁loved ▁him ▁in ▁return . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁is ▁remembered |
▁as ▁a ▁gift ed ▁poet , ▁and ▁many ▁poet ic ▁vers es ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Muhammad ▁are ▁attributed ▁to ▁him . ▁Once , ▁as ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁about ▁to ▁leave ▁for ▁a ▁trading ▁expedition , ▁Muhammad ▁we pt ▁and ▁could ▁not ▁bear ▁to ▁be ▁separated ▁from ▁him . ▁To ▁this ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁responded , ▁" By ▁God ▁I ▁will ▁take ▁him ▁with ▁me , ▁and ▁we ▁shall ▁never ▁part ▁from ▁each ▁other ." ▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁life , ▁as ▁an ▁adult , ▁Muhammad ▁saw ▁that ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁struggling ▁financ ially ▁after ▁a ▁severe ▁d rought . ▁Muhammad ▁decided ▁to ▁take ▁charge ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁children ▁and ▁he ▁convinced ▁Al - ' A bb as ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁same . ▁They ▁discussed ▁this ▁matter ▁with ▁Ab ū ▁ Ṭ ā lib , ▁who ▁asked ▁that ▁his ▁favorite ▁child ▁' A q ī l ▁be ▁left ▁with ▁him . ▁Al - ' A bb ā s ▁chose ▁Ja ' far , ▁and ▁Muhammad ▁chose ▁' Al ī . ▁ ▁Prote ct ing ▁Muhammad ▁In ▁trib al ▁society , ▁a ▁trib al ▁affili ation ▁is ▁important , ▁otherwise ▁a ▁man ▁can ▁be ▁killed ▁with ▁imp unity . ▁As ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Hash im , ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁acted ▁as ▁a ▁prote ctor ▁to ▁Muhammad . ▁After ▁Muhammad ▁began ▁pre aching ▁the ▁message ▁of ▁Islam , ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁Q ur ays h ite ▁cl ans ▁increasingly ▁came ▁to ▁feel ▁threatened ▁by ▁Mu ḥ amm |
ad . ▁In ▁attempts ▁to ▁quiet ▁him , ▁they ▁press ured ▁Ab ū ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁to ▁silence ▁his ▁nep hew ▁or ▁control ▁him . ▁Despite ▁these ▁press ures , ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁maintained ▁his ▁support ▁of ▁Mu ḥ amm ad , ▁defending ▁him ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁Lead ers ▁of ▁the ▁Q ur ays h ▁directly ▁confront ed ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁several ▁times . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁brushed ▁them ▁off ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁support ▁Muhammad ▁even ▁when ▁it ▁put ▁a ▁r ift ▁between ▁him ▁and ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁In ▁one ▁account , ▁the ▁Q ur ays h ▁even ▁threatened ▁to ▁fight ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Hash im ▁over ▁this ▁conflict . ▁In ▁a ▁particular ▁narr ation ▁of ▁one ▁such ▁confront ation , ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁summon ed ▁Muhammad ▁to ▁speak ▁with ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁Muhammad ▁asked ▁the ▁Q ur ays h ▁leaders ▁to ▁say ▁the ▁sh ah ada ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁ast ound ed . ▁ ▁The ▁Q ur ays h ▁even ▁tried ▁to ▁b ribe ▁Abu ▁Tal ib . ▁They ▁told ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁that ▁if ▁he ▁let ▁them ▁get ▁hold ▁of ▁Muhammad , ▁then ▁he ▁could ▁adopt ▁' U mar ah ▁ib n ▁al ▁Wal id ▁ib n ▁al ▁M ugh ir ah , ▁the ▁most ▁handsome ▁youth ▁in ▁Q ur ays h . ▁When ▁this ▁also ▁failed , ▁the ▁Q ur ays h ▁el ic ited ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁other ▁tribes ▁to ▁boy cott ▁trading ▁with |
▁or ▁mar rying ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Hash im ▁line age . ▁This ▁boy cott ▁started ▁seven ▁years ▁after ▁Muhammad ▁first ▁received ▁revel ation ▁and ▁lasted ▁for ▁three ▁years . ▁The ▁goal ▁was ▁to ▁put ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁Hash im ites ▁and ▁even ▁star ve ▁them ▁into ▁submission . ▁For ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁security , ▁many ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Hash im ▁moved ▁near ▁to ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁( En cycl op edia ▁of ▁Islam ), ▁and ▁the ▁place ▁became ▁like ▁a ▁g het to . ▁This ▁didn ' t ▁cause ▁und ue ▁hard ship ▁because ▁many ▁had ▁family ▁members ▁in ▁other ▁tribes ▁that ▁would ▁sm ug gle ▁goods ▁to ▁them . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁brother , ▁Abu ▁L ah ab , ▁s ided ▁with ▁the ▁Q ur ays h ▁on ▁this ▁issue ; ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁house ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁Abd ▁Sh ams ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁He ▁thought ▁Muhammad ▁was ▁either ▁mad ▁or ▁an ▁imp ost or . ▁ ▁Prote ct ing ▁Muhammad ▁put ▁considerable ▁pressure ▁on ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁and ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Hash im . ▁In ▁one ▁instance ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁excl aimed ▁to ▁Muhammad , ▁" Save ▁me ▁and ▁yourself , ▁and ▁do ▁not ▁put ▁a ▁greater ▁burden ▁on ▁me ▁than ▁I ▁cannot ▁bear ." ▁Muhammad ▁responded , ▁" Oh ▁uncle ! ▁By ▁God ▁Al m ight y ▁I ▁swear , ▁even ▁if ▁they ▁should ▁put ▁the ▁sun ▁in ▁my ▁right ▁hand ▁and ▁the ▁moon ▁in |
▁my ▁left ▁that ▁I ▁ab j ure ▁this ▁cause , ▁I ▁shall ▁not ▁do ▁so ▁until ▁God ▁has ▁v ind icated ▁it ▁or ▁caused ▁me ▁to ▁per ish ▁in ▁the ▁process ." ▁See ing ▁his ▁nep hew ' s ▁emotion , ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁responded , ▁" Go , ▁nep hew , ▁and ▁say ▁what ▁you ▁like . ▁By ▁God , ▁I ▁will ▁never ▁hand ▁you ▁over ▁for ▁any ▁reason ." ▁ ▁Death ▁Ab ū ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁died ▁around ▁ 6 1 9 ▁AD , ▁at ▁more ▁than ▁ 8 0 ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁about ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁Muhammad ' s ▁mission . ▁This ▁year ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Year ▁of ▁S orrow ▁for ▁Muhammad , ▁because ▁not ▁only ▁did ▁his ▁uncle ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁die , ▁but ▁also ▁his ▁wife ▁Kh ad ij ah ▁b int ▁K hu way l id , ▁within ▁a ▁month ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib . ▁ ▁Before ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁died , ▁Muhammad ▁asked ▁him ▁to ▁pron ounce ▁the ▁Shah ad ah . ▁In ▁another ▁tradition ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁dis su aded ▁from ▁saying ▁the ▁Shah ad ah ▁by ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁histor i ographer ▁Fred ▁McG raw ▁Don ner , ▁both ▁of ▁these ▁traditions ▁have ▁very ▁old ▁isn ads ▁but ▁the ▁first ▁variation ▁has ▁two ▁different ▁isn ads ▁which ▁might ▁suggest ▁that ▁the ▁second ▁variation ▁is ▁a ▁modification ▁of ▁the ▁older , ▁first ▁variation . ▁ ▁In ▁yet ▁another ▁variation ▁of |
▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁death , ▁his ▁brother , ▁Al - ' A bb ā s , ▁who ▁was ▁sitting ▁next ▁to ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁as ▁he ▁died , ▁saw ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁moving ▁his ▁lips . ▁Al - ' A bb ā s ▁claimed ▁that ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁had ▁said ▁the ▁sh ah ada ▁but ▁Muhammad ▁replied ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁heard ▁it . ▁ ▁After ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁death , ▁Muhammad ▁was ▁left ▁un protected . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁brother ▁and ▁success or ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁that ▁is ▁Abu ▁L ah ab , ▁did ▁not ▁protect ▁him , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁enemy ▁of ▁Muhammad , ▁so ▁Muhammad ▁and ▁his ▁followers ▁faced ▁incredible ▁per secut ion . ▁Muhammad ▁is ▁quoted ▁as ▁excl aim ing , ▁" By ▁God , ▁Q ur ays h ▁never ▁har med ▁me ▁so ▁much ▁as ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ." ▁The ▁early ▁Muslims ▁rel oc ated ▁to ▁A by ss in ia ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁Med ina ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁escape ▁per secut ion ▁by ▁the ▁Q ur ays h . ▁ ▁View s ▁The ▁memory ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁is ▁influenced ▁by ▁political ▁aims ▁of ▁the ▁S unn is ▁and ▁Sh ias . ▁ ▁Sh ia ▁View s ▁Sh ia ▁also ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁ancestors ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁were ▁Muslims . ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁a ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Is ma ' il ▁ib n ▁I bra him ▁ ▁In ▁addition , |
▁when ▁Muhammad ▁married ▁Kh ad ija , ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁rec ited ▁the ▁s erm on ▁of ▁the ▁marriage . ▁This ▁fact ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁prove ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁mon othe ism . ▁ ▁Sun ni ▁views ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁reported ▁in ▁Sun ni ▁Islam ▁that ▁the ▁Q ur an ic ▁verse ▁ 2 8 : 5 6 ▁(" O ▁Prop het ! ▁Ver ily , ▁you ▁guide ▁not ▁whom ▁you ▁like , ▁but ▁All ah ▁guides ▁whom ▁He ▁will ") ▁was ▁revealed ▁concerning ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁re jection ▁of ▁Islam ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁his ▁nep hew . ▁ ▁In ▁one ▁account ▁by ▁the ▁historian ▁Al - M ada ' ini , ▁and ▁widely ▁circul ated ▁by ▁the ▁Abb as ids , ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁men ▁states , ▁" I ▁wish ▁that ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁had ▁embr aced ▁Islam , ▁for ▁the ▁A post le ▁of ▁God ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁delighted ▁at ▁that . ▁But ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁un bel ie ver ." ▁Along ▁the ▁same ▁lines , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁similar ▁account ▁where ▁Ali ▁inform s ▁Muhammad ▁of ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ' s ▁death ▁by ▁saying , ▁" Your ▁uncle , ▁the ▁err ing ▁old ▁man , ▁has ▁died ." ▁ ▁Family ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Fat im ah ▁b int ▁As ad . ▁They ▁had ▁four ▁sons : ▁▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁ib n ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁▁ ▁' A q ī l ▁ib n ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ |
ā lib ▁( Ab u ▁Muslim ), ▁married ▁Fat ima ▁b int ▁Al - W al id ▁and ▁had ▁many ▁children : ▁Abu ▁Sa ' id , ▁Muslim , ▁Mus a , ▁Abd ull ah , ▁Ram la , ▁Ja ' far , ▁Muhammad ▁and ▁Abd ▁al - R ah man ▁ ▁Ja ' far ▁ib n ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁( Ab u ▁A wn ), ▁married ▁As ma ▁b int ▁Um ays ▁and ▁had ▁ 3 ▁sons : ▁Abd ull ah , ▁Muhammad ▁and ▁A wn ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁daughter : ▁Na ' mi . ▁ ▁' Al ī ▁ib n ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁( Ab u ▁Has an ), ▁married ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁women , ▁including ▁Fat im ah ▁b int ▁Muhammad . ▁He ▁had ▁many ▁children ▁like ▁Hass an , ▁H uss ain , ▁Abb as , ▁Z ain ab , ▁Um me ▁K ul sum ▁ ▁and ▁three ▁daughters : ▁ ▁F ā kh it ah ▁b int ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁( U mm ▁H ani ), ▁married ▁Hub ay ra ▁ib n ▁Ab i ▁W ah b ▁and ▁had ▁four ▁sons : ▁U mar , ▁F ul an , ▁Y us uf , ▁Am r ▁and ▁two ▁daughters : ▁H ani ▁and ▁Ja ' d ah ▁ ▁J um ā nah ▁b int ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁( U mm ▁S uf yan ), ▁married ▁Abu ▁S uf yan ▁ib n ▁al - Har ith ▁and ▁had |
▁two ▁sons , ▁S uf yan ▁and ▁Ja ' far , ▁Ali ▁ ▁Ray ṭ ah ▁b int ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁( U mm ▁Tal ib ), ▁married ▁A wn ▁ib n ▁Um ays ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son , ▁Tal ib . ▁ ▁By ▁another ▁wife , ▁Ill a , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁fifth ▁son : ▁ ▁T ul ay q ▁ib n ▁Ab ī ▁ Ṭ ā lib ▁ ▁Education ▁to ▁his ▁children ▁ ▁Muhammad ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Kh ad ija ▁b int ▁K hu way l id , ▁educated ▁Ali ▁ ▁Al - ' A bb as ▁ib n ▁' Ab d ▁al - M utt al ib ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Lub aba ▁b int ▁al - Har ith , ▁educated ▁Tal ib ▁ ▁Ham za ▁ib n ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Sal ma ▁b int ▁Um ays , ▁educated ▁Ja ' far ▁ ▁Az - Z ub ay r ▁ib n ▁‘ Ab d ▁al - M utt al ib ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁At ika ▁b int ▁Ab i ▁W ah b , ▁educated ▁A q il ▁ ▁Abu ▁Tal ib ▁ib n ▁Abd ▁al - M utt al ib ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Fat im ah ▁b int ▁As ad , ▁educated ▁F akh it ah , ▁J uman ah ▁and ▁Ray t ah ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Family ▁tree ▁of ▁Ali ▁ ▁Sh i ' a ▁view ▁of ▁Ali ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ |
▁Category : 6 1 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : Family ▁of ▁Muhammad ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Me cca ▁Category : B an u ▁Hash im ▁Category : A hl ▁al - Bay t <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁National ▁Center ▁for ▁Bi ote chn ology ▁Information ▁( NC BI ) ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Medicine ▁( NL M ), ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Inst itutes ▁of ▁Health ▁( NI H ). ▁The ▁NC BI ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Bet hes da , ▁Maryland ▁and ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁through ▁legislation ▁sponsored ▁by ▁Senator ▁Claude ▁P epper . ▁ ▁The ▁NC BI ▁houses ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁dat abases ▁relevant ▁to ▁bi ote chn ology ▁and ▁bi omed ic ine ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁resource ▁for ▁bio in format ics ▁tools ▁and ▁services . ▁Major ▁dat abases ▁include ▁Gen Bank ▁for ▁DNA ▁sequences ▁and ▁Pub Med , ▁a ▁bibli ographic ▁database ▁for ▁the ▁bi omed ical ▁literature . ▁Other ▁dat abases ▁include ▁the ▁NC BI ▁Ep igen om ics ▁database . ▁All ▁these ▁dat abases ▁are ▁available ▁online ▁through ▁the ▁Ent rez ▁search ▁engine . ▁NC BI ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁David ▁Lip man , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁authors ▁of ▁the ▁B LAST ▁sequence ▁alignment ▁program ▁and ▁a ▁widely ▁respected ▁figure ▁in ▁bio in format ics . ▁He ▁also ▁led ▁an ▁intr am ural ▁research ▁program , ▁including ▁groups ▁led ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Al ts ch ul ▁( an other ▁B LAST ▁co - |
author ), ▁David ▁L ands man , ▁Eug ene ▁K oon in , ▁John ▁Wil bur , ▁Ter esa ▁Pr zy ty ck a , ▁and ▁Z hi y ong ▁Lu . ▁David ▁Lip man ▁stood ▁down ▁from ▁his ▁post ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Gen Bank ▁ ▁NC BI ▁has ▁had ▁responsibility ▁for ▁making ▁available ▁the ▁Gen Bank ▁DNA ▁sequence ▁database ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁Gen Bank ▁coordinates ▁with ▁individual ▁labor ator ies ▁and ▁other ▁sequence ▁dat abases ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁M ole cular ▁Bi ology ▁Labor atory ▁( E MB L ) ▁and ▁the ▁DNA ▁Data ▁Bank ▁of ▁Japan ▁( D DB J ). ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁NC BI ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁provide ▁other ▁dat abases ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁Gen Bank . ▁NC BI ▁provides ▁Gene , ▁Online ▁Mend el ian ▁In her it ance ▁in ▁Man , ▁the ▁M ole cular ▁Model ing ▁Database ▁( 3 D ▁protein ▁structures ), ▁db SN P ▁( a ▁database ▁of ▁single - n uc le ot ide ▁pol ym orph isms ), ▁the ▁Reference ▁Sequ ence ▁Collection , ▁a ▁map ▁of ▁the ▁human ▁gen ome , ▁and ▁a ▁tax onomy ▁browser , ▁and ▁coordinates ▁with ▁the ▁National ▁Cancer ▁Institute ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁Cancer ▁Gen ome ▁An at omy ▁Project . ▁The ▁NC BI ▁assign s ▁a ▁unique ▁identifier ▁( tax onomy ▁ID ▁number ) ▁to ▁each ▁species ▁of ▁organ ism . ▁ ▁The ▁NC BI ▁has ▁software ▁tools |
▁that ▁are ▁available ▁by ▁W WW ▁brows ing ▁or ▁by ▁F TP . ▁For ▁example , ▁B LAST ▁is ▁a ▁sequence ▁similar ity ▁searching ▁program . ▁B LAST ▁can ▁do ▁sequence ▁compar isons ▁against ▁the ▁Gen Bank ▁DNA ▁database ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 5 ▁seconds . ▁ ▁NC BI ▁Books hel f ▁The ▁NC BI ▁Books hel f ▁is ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁freely ▁accessible , ▁download able , ▁on - line ▁versions ▁of ▁selected ▁bi omed ical ▁books . ▁The ▁Books hel f ▁covers ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁topics ▁including ▁molecular ▁bi ology , ▁bi oc hem istry , ▁cell ▁bi ology , ▁gen etics , ▁micro bi ology , ▁disease ▁states ▁from ▁a ▁molecular ▁and ▁cell ular ▁point ▁of ▁view , ▁research ▁methods , ▁and ▁vi rol ogy . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁books ▁are ▁online ▁versions ▁of ▁previously ▁published ▁books , ▁while ▁others , ▁such ▁as ▁Coffee ▁Break , ▁are ▁written ▁and ▁edited ▁by ▁NC BI ▁staff . ▁The ▁Books hel f ▁is ▁a ▁complement ▁to ▁the ▁Ent rez ▁Pub Med ▁repository ▁of ▁peer - review ed ▁publication ▁abstract s ▁in ▁that ▁Books hel f ▁contents ▁provide ▁established ▁pers pectives ▁on ▁ev olving ▁areas ▁of ▁study ▁and ▁a ▁context ▁in ▁which ▁many ▁dispar ate ▁individual ▁pieces ▁of ▁reported ▁research ▁can ▁be ▁organized . ▁ ▁Basic ▁Local ▁Al ignment ▁Search ▁Tool ▁( BL AST ) ▁B LAST ▁is ▁an ▁algorithm ▁used ▁for ▁calcul ating ▁sequence ▁similar ity ▁between ▁biological ▁sequences ▁such ▁as ▁nucle ot ide ▁sequences ▁of ▁DNA ▁and ▁am ino ▁acid |
▁sequences ▁of ▁prote ins . ▁B LAST ▁is ▁a ▁powerful ▁tool ▁for ▁finding ▁sequences ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁query ▁sequence ▁within ▁the ▁same ▁organ ism ▁or ▁in ▁different ▁organ isms . ▁It ▁sear ches ▁the ▁query ▁sequence ▁on ▁NC BI ▁dat abases ▁and ▁servers ▁and ▁post ▁the ▁results ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁person ' s ▁browser ▁in ▁chosen ▁format . ▁Input ▁sequences ▁to ▁the ▁B LAST ▁are ▁mostly ▁in ▁F AST A ▁or ▁Gen bank ▁format ▁while ▁output ▁could ▁be ▁delivered ▁in ▁variety ▁of ▁formats ▁such ▁as ▁HTML , ▁XML ▁form atting ▁and ▁plain ▁text . ▁HTML ▁is ▁the ▁default ▁output ▁format ▁for ▁NC BI ' s ▁web - page . ▁Results ▁for ▁NC BI - BL AST ▁are ▁presented ▁in ▁graph ical ▁format ▁with ▁all ▁the ▁hits ▁found , ▁a ▁table ▁with ▁sequence ▁ident ifiers ▁for ▁the ▁hits ▁having ▁scoring ▁related ▁data , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁align ments ▁for ▁the ▁sequence ▁of ▁interest ▁and ▁the ▁hits ▁received ▁with ▁analog ous ▁B LAST ▁scores ▁for ▁these ▁ ▁Ent rez ▁The ▁Ent rez ▁Global ▁Query ▁Cross - Database ▁Search ▁System ▁is ▁used ▁at ▁NC BI ▁for ▁all ▁the ▁major ▁dat abases ▁such ▁as ▁N uc le ot ide ▁and ▁Prote in ▁Sequ ences , ▁Prote in ▁Struct ures , ▁Pub Med , ▁Tax onomy , ▁Complete ▁Gen omes , ▁O M IM , ▁and ▁several ▁others . ▁Ent rez ▁is ▁both ▁index ing ▁and ▁retriev al ▁system ▁having ▁data ▁from ▁various ▁sources ▁for ▁bi omed ical ▁research . ▁NC BI ▁distributed ▁the ▁first ▁version ▁of ▁Ent |
rez ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁composed ▁of ▁nucle ot ide ▁sequences ▁from ▁P DB ▁and ▁Gen Bank , ▁protein ▁sequences ▁from ▁SW I SS - PRO T , ▁translated ▁Gen Bank , ▁P IR , ▁PR F ▁, ▁P DB ▁and ▁associated ▁abstract s ▁and ▁cit ations ▁from ▁Pub Med . ▁Ent rez ▁is ▁spec ially ▁designed ▁to ▁integrate ▁the ▁data ▁from ▁several ▁different ▁sources , ▁dat abases ▁and ▁formats ▁into ▁a ▁uniform ▁information ▁model ▁and ▁retriev al ▁system ▁which ▁can ▁efficiently ▁retrieve ▁that ▁relevant ▁references , ▁sequences ▁and ▁structures . ▁ ▁Gene ▁Gene ▁has ▁been ▁implemented ▁at ▁NC BI ▁to ▁character ize ▁and ▁organize ▁the ▁information ▁about ▁genes . ▁It ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁node ▁in ▁the ▁ne x us ▁of ▁gen omic ▁map , ▁expression , ▁sequence , ▁protein ▁function , ▁structure ▁and ▁hom ology ▁data . ▁A ▁unique ▁Gene ID ▁is ▁assigned ▁to ▁each ▁gene ▁record ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁followed ▁through ▁revision ▁cycles . ▁Gene ▁records ▁for ▁known ▁or ▁predicted ▁genes ▁are ▁established ▁here ▁and ▁are ▁dem arc ated ▁by ▁map ▁positions ▁or ▁nucle ot ide ▁sequence . ▁Gene ▁has ▁several ▁advantages ▁over ▁its ▁predecess or , ▁L ocus Link , ▁including , ▁better ▁integration ▁with ▁other ▁dat abases ▁in ▁NC BI , ▁broader ▁tax onom ic ▁scope , ▁and ▁enhanced ▁options ▁for ▁query ▁and ▁retriev al ▁provided ▁by ▁Ent rez ▁system . ▁ ▁Prote in ▁Prote in ▁database ▁maint ains ▁the ▁text ▁record ▁for ▁individual ▁protein ▁sequences , ▁derived ▁from ▁many ▁different ▁resources ▁such ▁as ▁NC |
BI ▁Reference ▁Sequ ence ▁( Ref Seq ) ▁project , ▁Gen Bank , ▁P DB ▁and ▁Un i Pro t K B / SW I SS - Pro t . ▁Prote in ▁records ▁are ▁present ▁in ▁different ▁formats ▁including ▁F AST A ▁and ▁XML ▁and ▁are ▁linked ▁to ▁other ▁NC BI ▁resources . ▁Prote in ▁provides ▁the ▁relevant ▁data ▁to ▁the ▁users ▁such ▁as ▁genes , ▁DNA / R NA ▁sequences , ▁biological ▁path ways , ▁expression ▁and ▁variation ▁data ▁and ▁literature . ▁It ▁also ▁provides ▁the ▁pre - det erm ined ▁sets ▁of ▁similar ▁and ▁identical ▁prote ins ▁for ▁each ▁sequence ▁as ▁computed ▁by ▁the ▁B LAST . ▁The ▁Str ucture ▁database ▁of ▁NC BI ▁contains ▁ 3 D ▁coordinate ▁sets ▁for ▁experiment ally - det erm ined ▁structures ▁in ▁P DB ▁that ▁are ▁imported ▁by ▁NC BI . ▁ ▁The ▁Conserv ed ▁Dom ain ▁database ▁( CD D ) ▁of ▁protein ▁contains ▁sequence ▁profiles ▁that ▁character ize ▁highly ▁conserv ed ▁domains ▁within ▁protein ▁sequences . ▁It ▁also ▁has ▁records ▁from ▁external ▁resources ▁like ▁SM ART ▁and ▁Pf am . ▁There ▁is ▁another ▁database ▁in ▁protein ▁known ▁as ▁Prote in ▁Cl usters ▁database ▁which ▁contains ▁sets ▁of ▁prote ins ▁sequences ▁that ▁are ▁cl ust ered ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁maximum ▁align ments ▁between ▁the ▁individual ▁sequences ▁as ▁calculated ▁by ▁B LAST . ▁ ▁Pub chem ▁database ▁Pub C hem ▁database ▁of ▁NC BI ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁resource ▁for ▁mole cules ▁and ▁their ▁activities ▁against ▁biological ▁ass ays . ▁Pub C hem ▁is ▁search |
able ▁and ▁accessible ▁by ▁Ent rez ▁information ▁retriev al ▁system . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁DNA ▁Data ▁Bank ▁of ▁Japan ▁( D DB J ) ▁ ▁European ▁Bio in format ics ▁Institute ▁( E BI ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Medicine ▁ ▁National ▁Inst itutes ▁of ▁Health ▁ ▁Category : Med ical ▁research ▁inst itutes ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : National ▁Inst itutes ▁of ▁Health ▁Category : On line ▁dat abases <0x0A> </s> ▁Le oni ▁May ▁Kings bury ▁( 1 9 0 9 - 1 9 7 0 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁international ▁bad m inton ▁player . ▁ ▁Bad m inton ▁career ▁Le oni ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁ ▁was ▁a ▁three ▁times ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁All ▁England ▁Open ▁Bad m inton ▁Championships . ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁women ' s ▁singles ▁twice ▁and ▁dou bles ▁once . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Her ▁sister ▁The l ma ▁Kings bury ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁leading ▁bad m inton ▁player . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : English ▁female ▁bad m inton ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁Bah ad ur ▁Singh ▁D h ak ad ▁( d ied ▁▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Indian ▁politician . ▁D h ak ad ▁was ▁a ▁Central ▁Committee ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Communist ▁Party ▁of ▁India ▁( Mar x ist ), ▁and ▁the ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁state ▁committee ▁secretary |
▁of ▁the ▁party . ▁▁ ▁D h ak ad ▁joined ▁the ▁C PI ( M ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁became ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁pe asant ▁movement . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 – 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁general ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁state ▁K isan ▁Sab ha . ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁party ▁state ▁committee ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁secret ari at . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁the ▁C PI ( M ) ▁state ▁committee ▁secretary . ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁party ▁congress , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Central ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁party . ▁ ▁D h ak ad ▁died ▁in ▁G wal ior ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁heart ▁attack . ▁He ▁was ▁survived ▁by ▁his ▁wife , ▁two ▁sons ▁and ▁two ▁daughters . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Comm un ist ▁Party ▁of ▁India ▁( Mar x ist ) ▁politicians ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁politicians <0x0A> </s> ▁As ik ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁A ş ik , ▁a ▁singer ▁who ▁accompanied ▁his ▁song ▁with ▁a ▁l ute ▁in ▁A zer ba ij ani ▁and ▁related ▁Turk ic ▁cultures ▁ ▁A ş ı k |
, ▁a ▁Turkish - language ▁name ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁T ’ as ik , ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁rural ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁Sy un ik ▁Province ▁of ▁Armen ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Kevin ▁Rosa ire ▁Bel lem are , ▁known ▁profession ally ▁as ▁R oz ▁Bell , ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁singer - s ong writer , ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁hit ▁singles ▁" Yes terday ▁Man " ▁and ▁" P aper cut ". ▁ ▁His ▁debut ▁album , ▁The ▁First ▁Sun be ams ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Universal ▁Music ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁gar ner ed ▁two ▁top ▁ 2 0 ▁hits ▁in ▁Canada , ▁earning ▁R oz ▁a ▁Canadian ▁Radio ▁Music ▁Award ▁nom ination ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁He ' s ▁since ▁had ▁songs ▁placed ▁in ▁TV ▁shows , ▁such ▁as ▁ 9 0 2 1 0 , ▁films ▁such ▁as ▁Van ▁Wild er , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁advertising ▁campaigns ▁for ▁C oca - Col a ▁and ▁P ring les . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁The ▁First ▁Sun be ams ▁EP ▁ ▁Universal , ▁summer ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁The ▁First ▁Sun be ams ▁Universal , ▁September ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁October ▁ ▁En acy ▁Ent ., ▁August ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Singles ▁▁ ▁" Be coming ▁Str angers " ▁ ▁" Yes terday ▁Man ▁( I ' m ▁So ▁L on ely )" ▁ ▁" P aper cut " ▁ ▁" He art |
▁Att ack " ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Canadian ▁Radio ▁Music ▁Award ▁in ▁the ▁Pop ▁category ▁for ▁his ▁songs ▁Yes terday ▁Man ▁and ▁Paper cut . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁official ▁site ▁ ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁web is odes ▁at ▁D ose . ca ▁ ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁on ▁My Space ▁ ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁on ▁C BC ▁Radio ▁ 3 ▁ ▁R oz ▁Bell ▁at ▁Vir b ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁pop ▁sing ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Ontario ▁Category : People ▁from ▁East ▁G will im bury ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Wh item ant le ▁Range ▁is ▁a ▁sub range ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁R anges ▁of ▁the ▁Coast ▁Mountains ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁Loc ated ▁between ▁the ▁heads ▁of ▁But e ▁In let ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁Knight ▁In let ▁on ▁the ▁west , ▁it ▁is ▁extremely ▁rug ged ▁and ▁gl aci ated . ▁Its ▁highest ▁summit ▁is ▁Wh item ant le ▁Mountain ▁ 2 9 8 5 m ▁( 9 7 9 3 ft ). ▁ ▁The ▁range ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 3 4 0 0 km 2 ▁( 1 3 1 0 ▁sq ▁mi ) ▁in ▁area ▁and ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁much |
▁higher ▁and ▁even ▁more ▁rug ged ▁W adding ton ▁Range , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁R anges ▁and ▁also ▁of ▁the ▁Coast ▁Mountains . ▁ ▁East ▁across ▁the ▁can y on - val ley ▁of ▁the ▁Hom ath ko ▁River ▁is ▁the ▁Hom ath ko ▁Ice field . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Wh item ant le ▁Range ▁entry ▁in ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Mountain ▁En cycl op edia ▁ ▁Category : P ac ific ▁R anges <0x0A> </s> ▁T os eland ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁Camb rid ges hire , ▁England . ▁The ▁name ▁T os eland ▁is ▁Sc and in av ian ▁and ▁has ▁connections ▁to ▁the ▁Old ▁Nor se ▁word ▁' l unde ' ▁translated ▁as ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁sacred ▁or ▁small ▁wood . ▁The ▁parish ▁is ▁neighb ours ▁with ▁nearby ▁par ishes ▁within ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁such ▁as ▁Y elling , ▁Gr av ely , ▁Great ▁Pa xt on ▁and ▁St ▁Ag nes . ▁ ▁History ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁T os eland ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁hundred ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁it ▁contained ▁smaller ▁par ishes . ▁Imperial ▁Gaz ette er ▁John ▁Mar ius ▁Wilson ▁applied ▁his ▁definition ▁of ▁T os eland ▁as :" a ▁parish ▁and ▁a ▁hundred ▁in ▁Hun ts . ▁The ▁parish ▁lies ▁ 3 ¼ ▁miles ▁NE ▁of ▁St . ▁Ne ots ▁r . ▁station , ▁and ▁is ▁in ▁St . ▁Ne ots ▁district . ▁Post ▁town , ▁St . ▁Ne ots . ▁Ac res |
, ▁ 1 , 3 2 0 . ▁Real ▁property , ▁£ 1 , 5 8 5 . ▁Pop ., ▁ 2 1 7 . ▁H ouses , ▁ 4 4 . ▁The ▁property ▁is ▁divided ▁among ▁a ▁few . ▁The ▁man or - house ▁is ▁a ▁handsome ▁ancient ▁ed if ice , ▁now ▁occupied ▁by ▁a ▁farmer ". ▁ ▁Social ▁Status ▁ ▁A ▁historic ▁census ▁carried ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁detailed ▁the ▁categor isation ▁of ▁status ▁within ▁occupation ▁in ▁the ▁parish . ▁From ▁the ▁highest ▁to ▁the ▁lowest : ▁Em ploy ers , ▁M idd ling ▁S orts , ▁Labour ers ▁& ▁Serv ants ▁and ▁others ; ▁notably ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁Labour ers . ▁ ▁Land marks ▁▁ ▁The ▁parish ▁church ▁of ▁St ▁Michael ▁( St ▁Mary ▁in ▁earlier ▁records ) ▁dates ▁to ▁the ▁tw elf th ▁century ▁and ▁is ▁grade ▁II * ▁listed . ▁T os eland ▁Hall ▁is ▁a ▁sevent eenth ▁century ▁grade ▁II * ▁listed ▁man or ▁house ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁centre , ▁built ▁from ▁brick ▁with ▁a ▁t iled ▁roof . ▁The ▁Man or ▁is ▁two ▁stories ▁high ▁and ▁contains ▁att ics ▁and ▁the ▁m ould ed ▁br icks ▁are ▁constructed ▁with ▁a ▁geometric ▁pattern . ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁Nicholas ▁Luke ▁around ▁ 1 6 0 0 ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁lord ▁of ▁the ▁man or ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁owned ▁by ▁various ▁prominent ▁figures ▁such ▁as ▁Dean ▁of ▁E ly ▁Cat hedral ▁in ▁ 1 |
6 2 4 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁census ▁the ▁property ▁was ▁occupied ▁by ▁Alfred ▁Maine ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁farmer ▁that ▁owned ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 5 0 ▁acres ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁since ▁then ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁agricultural ▁purposes ▁such ▁as ▁cultiv ating ▁land . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁The ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁ 6 - inch ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁map ▁showed ▁the ▁parish ▁as ▁having ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 3 4 2 . 2 4 8 ▁acres . ▁T os eland ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁county ▁of ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁of ▁England . ▁The ▁parish ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 5 8 m ▁( 1 9 0 ft ) ▁above ▁the ▁sea ▁level ; ▁T os eland ' s ▁post ▁code ▁( PE 1 9 ) ▁is ▁categor ised ▁as ▁non - res idential . ▁Dom estic ▁gardens ▁use ▁up ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁area ▁compared ▁to ▁domestic , ▁non - dom estic ▁buildings ▁and ▁roads , ▁taking ▁up ▁approximately ▁ 1 0 2 . 1 3 ▁m 2 ▁in ▁thousands ▁as ▁shown ▁by ▁the ▁enhanced ▁base ▁map ▁of ▁UK ▁areas ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Government ▁T os eland ▁has ▁a ▁parish ▁council , ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁five ▁coun c ill ors ▁and ▁a ▁parish ▁cl erk . ▁The ▁parish ▁council ▁meets ▁approximately ▁five ▁times ▁a ▁year . ▁The ▁parish ▁pre cept ▁for ▁the ▁financial ▁year ▁ending ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 |
▁was ▁£ 7 0 0 . ▁ ▁Hun ting don shire ▁District ▁Council ▁has ▁ 5 2 ▁coun c ill ors ▁representing ▁ 2 9 ▁district ▁w ards . ▁Hun ting don shire ▁District ▁Council ▁collect s ▁the ▁council ▁tax , ▁and ▁provides ▁services ▁such ▁as ▁building ▁regulations , ▁local ▁planning , ▁environmental ▁health , ▁le isure ▁and ▁tour ism . ▁T os eland ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁district ▁ward ▁of ▁Gr ans den ▁and ▁The ▁Off ords ▁and ▁is ▁represented ▁on ▁the ▁district ▁council ▁by ▁two ▁coun c ill ors . ▁The ▁highest ▁tier ▁of ▁local ▁government ▁is ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁County ▁Council , ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁County ▁Council ▁consists ▁of ▁ 6 9 ▁coun c ill ors ▁representing ▁ 6 0 ▁elect oral ▁divisions . ▁T os eland ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁elect oral ▁division ▁of ▁Buck den , ▁Gr ans den ▁and ▁The ▁Off ords ▁and ▁is ▁represented ▁on ▁the ▁county ▁council ▁by ▁one ▁coun c ill or . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁parliament ary ▁constitu ency ▁of ▁Hun ting don . ▁ ▁Dem ography ▁ ▁Pop ulation ▁In ▁the ▁period ▁ 1 8 0 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁T os eland ▁was ▁recorded ▁every ▁ten ▁years ▁by ▁the ▁UK ▁census . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁range ▁of ▁ 9 9 ▁( the ▁lowest ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 1 ) ▁and ▁ 2 3 0 ▁( the ▁highest ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 1 |
). ▁ ▁All ▁population ▁census ▁figures ▁from ▁report ▁Historic ▁Census ▁figures ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁by ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁Ins ight . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁parish ▁covered ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁the ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁T os eland ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁was ▁ 5 3 . 1 ▁persons ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 0 . 5 ▁per ▁square ▁kilomet re ). ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁UK ▁neighbour hood ▁statistics ▁census ▁T os eland ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Y elling ▁and ▁the ▁combined ▁population ▁was ▁recorded ▁as ▁ 4 1 1 . ▁ ▁Occ up ation ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁occup ations ▁in ▁T os eland ▁were ▁mainly ▁local ▁in ▁nature ▁with ▁the ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁jobs ▁being ▁in ▁Dom estic ▁Off ices / ▁Services ▁and ▁the ▁least ▁in ▁primary ▁agricultural ▁jobs ▁such ▁as ▁farming , ▁cultiv ating ▁animals ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁un spec ified ▁commod ities . ▁Almost ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁known ▁population ▁was ▁unem ployed ▁and ▁were ▁women . ▁These ▁figures ▁are ▁documented ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁below ▁sour ced ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁Census ▁of ▁England ▁and ▁Wales . ▁As ▁of ▁today ▁most ▁occup ations ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁tend ▁to ▁be ▁professional ▁occup ations ▁( make ▁up ▁ 2 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁jobs ▁in ▁the ▁T os eland ▁and ▁Y elling ▁area ) ▁especially ▁scientific ▁engineering , ▁technology ▁and ▁tele |
commun ications ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁environmental ▁conservation . ▁ ▁All ▁occupation ▁census ▁figures ▁are ▁retriev ed ▁from ▁the ▁" 1 8 8 1 ▁Census ▁of ▁England ▁& ▁Wales " ▁via ▁" The ▁Vision ▁of ▁Britain " ▁website ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Camb rid ges hire ▁Category : H unting don shire ▁Category : C ivil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁Camb rid ges hire <0x0A> </s> ▁Bobby ▁Walker ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁association ▁football ▁wing ▁forward ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁both ▁Scotland ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁Walker ▁briefly ▁played ▁for ▁East ▁St irl ings hire ▁F . C .. ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁autumn ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Nation als ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Soc cer ▁League . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁Walker ▁and ▁his ▁team mates ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁National ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Br ick layers ▁and ▁M asons ▁F . C ., ▁ 4 - 1 ▁on ▁aggregate . ▁ ▁Walker ▁began ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 8 - 1 9 2 9 ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Nation als , ▁but ▁moved ▁to ▁J & P ▁Co ats ▁thirteen ▁games ▁into ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁Co ats ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁fall ▁season ▁when ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁P awt ucket ▁Rangers . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 |
0 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁( 1 9 2 1 – 1 9 3 3 ) ▁players ▁Category : K il m arn ock ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : E ast ▁St irl ings hire ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : J & P ▁Co ats ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Nation als ▁( AS L ) ▁players ▁Category : P awt ucket ▁Rangers ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁soccer ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Lev an ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁( ; ▁born ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Georg ian - born ▁New ▁York - based ▁visual ▁artist ; ▁painter , ▁d ra ug ht s man , ▁installation ▁and ▁mult imedia ▁video ▁artist . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁T bil isi , ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁His ▁special ▁skills ▁were ▁identified ▁early ▁on . ▁He ▁began ▁painting ▁at ▁three ▁years ▁old ▁and ▁received ▁professional ▁training ▁in ▁his ▁hom et own ▁during ▁his ▁teen ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁old ▁artist ▁was |
▁invited ▁to ▁Germany ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁project , ▁where ▁he ▁designed ▁a ▁play ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁German ▁counter parts . ▁The ▁western ▁culture , ▁German ▁and ▁French ▁philosophy ▁and ▁psy cho analysis ▁has ▁influenced ▁the ▁young ▁artist ’ s ▁world ▁view , ▁and ▁he ▁proceed ed ▁to ▁new ▁creative ▁experiments ▁and ▁concept ual ▁research ▁on ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Georgia , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁beginning ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁stage ▁in ▁his ▁art , ▁followed ▁by ▁significant ▁success . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 1 , ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁graduated ▁from ▁The ▁T bil isi ▁State ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁with ▁a ▁b achelor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁Draw ing ▁and ▁Print making . ▁He ▁won ▁several ▁mer it ▁scholar ships ▁and ▁art ▁pri zes ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Georg ian ▁artist ▁who ▁earned ▁his ▁Master ' s ▁( M . F . A .) ▁degree ▁with ▁hon ors ▁from ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Academy ▁of ▁Art ▁in ▁Pain ting . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁had ▁his ▁extensive ▁autonom ous ▁exhibition ▁" The ▁S TY X " ▁in ▁two ▁gallery ▁spaces , ▁cur ated ▁by ▁Mark ▁G is bourne . ▁The ▁show ▁included ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁paintings ▁and ▁film ▁install ations ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁self - reg ener ative ▁med us oz oa ▁j elly fish . ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁space ▁there ▁was ▁another ▁projected ▁video ▁three - wall ▁environmental ▁installation ▁" The ▁System ▁of ▁Object s ", ▁fil med ▁in ▁the |
▁G ug gen heim ▁Museum ▁and ▁newly ▁completed ▁O cul us ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁work ▁also ▁incorporated ▁an ▁extensive ▁and ▁innovative ▁fore ground ▁rec eding ▁sculpt ural ▁component . ▁The ▁overall ▁theme ▁of ▁the ▁exhibition ▁was ▁that ▁of ▁" pass age " ▁and ▁life ▁journey , ▁very ▁much ▁in ▁line ▁with ▁philos opher - anth rop ologist ▁Joseph ▁Campbell ’ s ▁famous ▁historical ▁anth rop ology ▁of ▁The ▁Hero ’ s ▁Jour ney , ▁from ▁life ▁to ▁death , ▁ignorance ▁to ▁en light en ment , ▁from ▁day ▁to ▁night , ▁and ▁that ▁of ▁eternal ▁return . ▁For ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁this ▁served ▁as ▁both ▁a ▁universal ▁met aphor ▁and ▁creative ▁theme , ▁and ▁also ▁as ▁an ▁extended ▁sim ile ▁of ▁the ▁artist ’ s ▁own ▁ev olving ▁life ▁experience . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Song ul ash v ili ’ s ▁monument al ▁stage ▁installation ▁" ID EM ▁ET ▁I DE M " ▁was ▁presented ▁for ▁composer ▁Gi ya ▁K anche li ’ s ▁historical ▁concert ▁with ▁the ▁world ▁premi ere ▁of ▁his ▁latest ▁musical ▁piece ▁for ▁cho ir ▁and ▁chamber ▁or chestra . ▁Insp ired ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁Song ul ash v ili ’ s ▁painting ▁series ▁the ▁composer ▁entitled ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁ ▁The ▁artist ' s ▁award - winning ▁works ▁and ▁mult imedia ▁install ations ▁are ▁shown ▁in ▁art ▁g aller ies , ▁private ▁collections , ▁and ▁museum s ▁worldwide , ▁including ▁S othe by ’ s |
▁( NY C ), ▁The ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts , ▁Sa atch i ▁Gallery , ▁among ▁others . ▁The ▁artist ' s ▁pieces ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁permanent ▁collection ▁of ▁The ▁Brooklyn ▁Museum ▁and ▁on ▁permanent ▁view ▁at ▁The ▁R ust avel i ▁National ▁Theatre . ▁ ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁has ▁received ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁national ▁and ▁international ▁awards , ▁including ▁the ▁President ’ s ▁Award ▁and ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Award ▁for ▁A chie ve ments ▁and ▁Contribut ion ▁to ▁the ▁Arts . ▁▁ ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁also ▁writes ▁psychological ▁pro se , ▁essays , ▁vers es ▁and ▁plays ▁the ▁piano . ▁ ▁Art istic ▁practice ▁ ▁The ▁idea ▁of ▁mut ability ▁and ▁possession ▁of ▁an ▁independent ▁sense ▁of ▁emer gent ▁identity ▁is ▁of ▁great ▁concern ▁to ▁Song ul ash v ili , ▁particularly ▁as ▁it ▁rel ates ▁to ▁the ▁recent ▁re - em erg ence ▁of ▁Georgia ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁and ▁autonom ous ▁state ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁— ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁artist ’ s ▁birth . ▁ ▁The ▁paintings ▁of ▁Lev an ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁engage ▁with ▁powerful ▁and ▁abstract ed ▁themes ▁rel ates ▁to ▁the ▁presc ient ▁concerns ▁of ▁passage ▁and ▁presence . ▁That ▁is ▁to ▁say ▁from ▁states ▁of ▁consciousness ▁to ▁the ▁unconscious . ▁He ▁deals ▁all us ively ▁with ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁boundary ▁and ▁transition , ▁the ▁imm ers ive ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁the ▁psych ical ▁element ▁of ▁water , ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁flow ▁and ▁flux |
. ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁artist ▁he ▁holds ▁a ▁master y ▁of ▁affect ▁and ▁trans ience , ▁having ▁created ▁painted ▁works ▁consisting ▁of ▁large - scale ▁can v ases ▁that ▁feature ▁large ▁expans es ▁of ▁grey - black ▁was hes ▁inf used ▁with ▁an ▁other world ly ▁light ; ▁vast ▁ton al ▁shifts ; ▁and ▁a ▁prim ord ial ▁glow ▁that ▁ho vers ▁between ▁the ▁myth ic ▁and ▁the ▁bi ol um ines cent , ▁which ▁also ▁ev oke ▁feelings ▁of ▁the ▁under world , ▁ph ant om - like ▁blur red ▁appar itions , ▁images ▁of ▁the ▁so - called ▁“ Sh ades ” ▁( U mb ra ), ▁faces ▁or ▁pres ences ▁that ▁exist ▁in ▁an ▁inter st it ial ▁reality , ▁an ▁in ▁between ▁world ▁of ▁spectral ▁dreams . ▁ ▁His ▁use ▁of ▁sep ia , ▁white , ▁grey , ▁and ▁black ▁ties ▁in ▁with ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁art ▁( p aint ings ▁and ▁graphics ) ▁that ▁has ▁sought ▁to ▁bring ▁inner ▁clarity ▁to ▁creative ▁forms ▁of ▁expression . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁colour ▁is ▁dependent ▁all ▁but ▁totally ▁on ▁light ▁while ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁are ▁absolute ▁polar ities . ▁It ▁therefore ▁also ▁touches ▁upon ▁matter ▁related ▁to ▁popular ▁film , ▁video , ▁photography , ▁and ▁specifically ▁the ▁pole mic ▁at ▁the ▁beg innings ▁of ▁Western ▁Art , ▁namely ▁darkness ▁( Pl iny ’ s ▁drawing ▁a ▁line ▁around ▁a ▁shadow ), ▁or ▁light ▁( Pl ato ’ s ▁cave ▁and ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁reflection ). ▁ ▁Song |
ul ash v ili ' s ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁med usa - like ▁j elly fish ▁imag ery ▁is ▁an ▁oper ative ▁met aphor , ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁intended ▁in ▁any ▁sense ▁as ▁to ▁be ▁tax onom ic , ▁dep ictions ▁of ▁accuracy ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁classification , ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁poet ic ▁met aphor ▁of ▁life ▁and ▁sens ory ▁experience . ▁J elly fish ▁are ▁also ▁creatures ▁of ▁continuous ▁passage ▁taken ▁wherever ▁the ▁t ides ▁and ▁prev ailing ▁winds ▁drive ▁them . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁as ▁an ▁artist ▁he ▁has ▁undert aken ▁two ▁personal ▁aspects ▁of ▁passage , ▁his ▁development al ▁life - pass age ▁as ▁an ▁artist - p ain ter , ▁and ▁his ▁increasingly ▁extensive ▁travel ▁and ▁experiences . ▁ ▁Lev an ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁explains ▁his ▁work ▁by ▁saying , ▁" I ▁care ▁about ▁the ▁myster ies ▁of ▁Life , ▁its ▁origins , ▁its ▁endless ▁cycles ▁and ▁regener ations ▁and ▁I ▁question ▁the ▁current ▁civilization ▁in ▁which ▁we ▁find ▁ourselves ▁and ▁wonder : ▁what ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁future ▁of ▁Hum ank ind ? ▁What ▁is ▁problem atic ▁for ▁scientists ▁is ▁fascinating ▁for ▁me . ▁This ▁process ▁looks ▁like ▁a ▁never - ending ▁quest ▁for ▁an ▁answer . ▁In ▁my ▁view , ▁an ▁artist ▁should ▁be ▁somewhat ▁Don ▁Qu ix ot - ish . ▁I ▁am ▁familiar ▁with ▁a ▁state , ▁after ▁self - ref lection ▁an ▁irr ational ▁imp ulse ▁ur ges ▁me ▁to ▁find ▁water ▁in ▁a ▁desert , ▁which ▁would ▁then ▁lead ▁me |
▁to ▁the ▁ocean ". ▁ ▁S TO IC HE Î ON ▁ 金 星 ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁was ▁artist ▁in ▁residence ▁in ▁Singapore , ▁where ▁he ▁realized ▁a ▁mult imedia ▁solo ▁project ▁named ▁Sto iche î on ▁ 金 星 . ▁The ▁show ▁presented ▁two ▁monument al ▁video ▁install ations ▁and ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁Japanese - ink ▁paintings ▁at ▁the ▁Object ifs ▁- ▁a ▁centre ▁for ▁photography ▁and ▁film , ▁Chap el ▁Gallery . ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁Sto iche ion ▁( σ τ ο ι χ ε ῖ ο ν / sto iche î on ; ▁the ▁et ym ological ▁deriv ation ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁Latin ▁element um , ▁first ▁documented ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁“ const itu ent ▁component ” ▁or ▁“ bas is ” ▁in ▁Pl ato ) ▁was ▁in ▁Class ical ▁ant iqu ity ▁fundament ally ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁classical ▁theory ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁elements . ▁In ▁European ▁cultural ▁history , ▁the ▁term ▁“ elements ” ▁denotes ▁the ▁four ▁basic ▁sub stances : ▁Earth , ▁Water , ▁Air ▁and ▁Fire . ▁The ▁philosoph ical ▁concept ▁of ▁sto iche ion ▁denotes ▁the ▁basic ▁components ▁or ▁the ▁found ations ▁of ▁Being . ▁ ▁S TO IC HE Î ON ▁ 金 星 ▁represents ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁bew ild ering ly ▁great ▁multi plicity ▁of ▁the ▁natural ▁world ▁as ▁combinations ▁of ▁a ▁limited ▁number ▁of ▁elements . ▁Insp ired ▁by ▁the ▁culture , ▁visual ▁art istry ▁and ▁techniques |
▁of ▁Asian ▁ink ▁paintings ▁in ▁Singapore , ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁combined ▁his ▁experiences ▁with ▁his ▁main ▁focus ▁on ▁air , ▁water ▁and ▁earth , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Earth ’ s ▁sister ▁ter rest rial ▁planet , ▁Ven us , ▁which ▁rot ates ▁in ▁the ▁opposite ▁direction ▁to ▁most ▁other ▁planets ▁and ▁where ▁the ▁Sun ▁r ises ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁and ▁sets ▁in ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁The ▁S TY X ▁ ▁The ▁S TY X ▁is ▁an ▁installation ▁of ▁mental , ▁emotional , ▁and ▁psychological ▁passage . ▁It ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁ex igent ▁myth ▁and ▁alleg ory , ▁all uding ▁to ▁the ▁famous ▁myth ological ▁river ▁as ▁a ▁site ▁of ▁psych ical ▁transformation . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁transit ▁and ▁entry ▁to ▁the ▁imagined ▁under world , ▁and ▁stands ▁for ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁life ▁as ▁that ▁of ▁journey ▁and ▁passage , ▁a ▁voy aged ▁dream ▁into ▁the ▁rav elled ▁beyond , ▁leading ▁to ▁an ▁aw aken ing ▁that ▁acknowled ges ▁the ▁expanded ▁awareness ▁of ▁new ▁real ities . ▁From ▁living ▁consciousness ▁to ▁mask ed ▁unconscious , ▁from ▁life ▁to ▁death , ▁and ▁the ▁imagined ▁world ▁and ▁after life , ▁the ▁River ▁St y x ▁is ▁an ▁a que ous ▁symbol ▁of ▁radical ▁change ▁from ▁the ▁mut able ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁im mutable ▁and ▁inevitable ▁certain ty ▁of ▁our ▁event ual ▁passage . ▁For ▁these ▁reasons ▁the ▁project ▁con ceived ▁as ▁an ▁imm ers ive ▁experience ▁as ▁expressed ▁through ▁video ▁install ations ▁and ▁a ▁unique ▁series ▁of |
▁sep ia ▁and ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁related ▁paintings ▁by ▁Song ul ash v ili . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁artist ’ s ▁integration ▁of ▁a ▁video ▁installation ▁and ▁his ▁paintings ▁presents ▁an ▁inter w oven ▁vision , ▁medi ated ▁by ▁the ▁extended ▁met aphor ▁of ▁the ▁self - reg ener ative ▁" h ydro zo an " ▁med usa ▁j elly fish . ▁A ▁creature ▁not ▁intended ▁by ▁the ▁artist ▁as ▁a ▁description ▁as ▁such , ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁symbol ic ▁met aphor , ▁and ▁an ▁embod ied ▁form ▁of ▁sign ification ▁that ▁is ▁representative ▁of ▁life ▁and ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁mut ability ▁and ▁change . ▁ ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁sees ▁the ▁St y x ▁as ▁em blem atic ▁of ▁the ▁inter st ices ▁or ▁in - between ▁that ▁is ▁present ▁in ▁everyday ▁life . ▁Like ▁the ▁d rowning ▁souls ▁in ▁this ▁river ▁of ▁ob liv ion ▁that ▁have ▁not ▁achieved ▁passage , ▁the ▁j elly fish ▁are ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁vag ery ▁and ▁drift ▁of ▁ocean ▁current s . ▁Yet ▁it ▁is ▁also ▁clear ▁that ▁the ▁greater ▁accum ulative ▁and ▁material ▁accomplish ments ▁of ▁the ▁artist ▁are ▁best ▁seen ▁through ▁the ▁inner ▁vision ▁of ▁his ▁paintings , ▁which ▁presents ▁the ▁view er ▁with ▁feelings ▁of ▁ve iled ▁and ▁ep he mer al ▁pres ences ▁that ▁capture ▁fle eting ▁( mutable ) ▁experience ▁and ▁temporarily ▁trans fix es ▁them . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁large ▁St y x ▁( Port rait ), ▁wh ale ▁also ▁indic ative ▁of ▁the ▁transl u cent |
▁and ▁the ▁semi - ve iled , ▁shows ▁in ▁the ▁spectral ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁child ’ s ▁face ▁that ▁seems ▁to ▁emerge ▁out ▁diff use ▁mist ▁or ▁hyp n op om pic ▁consciousness . ▁ ▁Lev an ▁Song ul ash v ili ▁whether ▁he ▁is ▁f oc uss ed ▁on ▁video ▁or ▁painting ▁has ▁developed ▁a ▁marked ▁accompl ishment ▁that ▁places ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁long ▁tradition ▁of ▁artist ’ s ▁that ▁reflect ▁on ▁states ▁of ▁med itative ▁consciousness . ▁The ▁S TY X ▁is ▁for ▁the ▁view er ▁a ▁personal ▁journey ▁through ▁emotion ▁and ▁consciousness , ▁a ▁sens ory ▁imm ersion ▁into ▁mort ality ▁and ▁sens ibility ▁— ▁the ▁passage ▁that ▁is ▁a ▁human ▁life . ▁ ▁The ▁System ▁of ▁Object s ▁ ▁The ▁possession ▁of ▁an ▁independent ▁sense ▁of ▁emer gent ▁identity ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁concern ▁of ▁the ▁artist . ▁It ▁is ▁further ▁indicated ▁by ▁his ▁System ▁of ▁Object s ▁video - sc ulpt ure ▁installation ▁which ▁deals ▁specifically ▁with ▁singular ity ▁and ▁the ▁collective ▁through ▁means ▁of ▁repet ition . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁work , ▁a ▁singular ▁figure ▁stands ▁trans fixed ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁and ▁median ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁conc ourse ▁of ▁the ▁O cul us ▁building ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( close ▁to ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 / 1 1 ▁attacks ▁on ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Centre ), ▁while ▁all ▁around ▁him ▁foot ▁passengers ▁are ▁shown ▁walking ▁backwards ▁as ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁repet itive ▁reverse ▁gear . Part icip ant ▁spect ators ▁add ▁themselves ▁to ▁the ▁greater ▁view ▁over |
▁the ▁ball oon - like ▁heads ▁of ▁a ▁put ative ▁audience . ▁It ▁ev okes ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁our ▁own ▁daily ▁life ▁of ▁conform ity ▁and ▁sens eless ▁repet ition . ▁The ▁video ▁was ▁developed ▁from ▁and ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁painting ▁Id em ▁et ▁Id em , ▁a ▁Latin ▁usage ▁of ▁repet ition ▁( liter ally ▁" Same ▁and ▁the ▁same ") ▁revealing ▁a ▁close ▁and ▁immediate ▁intim acy ▁between ▁the ▁artist ’ s ▁time - based ▁film ▁and ▁video ▁works ▁and ▁paintings . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Mark ▁G is bourne , ▁Lev an ▁Song ul ash v ili : ▁The ▁S TY X , ▁E rt i ▁( 2 0 1 8 ), ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T bil isi ▁State ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁al umn i ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Academy ▁of ▁Art ▁al umn i ▁Category : Ex pat ri ates ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Post mod ern ▁artists ▁Category : Abstract ▁pain ters ▁Category : M ale ▁pain ters ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁pain ters ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Cop hes ▁ob long us ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁hidden ▁sn out ▁we ev il ▁in ▁the ▁be et le ▁family ▁Cur cul ion idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁North ▁America . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : C rypt or h |
yn ch ina e ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Con cat en ation ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Con cat en ation , ▁a ▁computer ▁programming ▁operation ▁that ▁jo ins ▁strings ▁together ▁ ▁A ▁non - RA ID ▁hard ▁drive ▁architecture , ▁see ▁Non - RA ID ▁drive ▁architect ures # Con cat en ation ▁( SP AN , ▁B IG ) ▁ ▁Con cat en ated ▁S MS , ▁a ▁way ▁of ▁combining ▁multiple ▁S MS ▁text ▁messages ▁sent ▁to ▁cell ular ▁phones ▁ ▁P acket ▁conc aten ation , ▁a ▁computer ▁networking ▁optimization ▁that ▁co ales ces ▁multiple ▁packets ▁under ▁a ▁single ▁header . ▁ ▁Cat ▁( Un ix ), ▁a ▁Un ix ▁command ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁contents ▁of ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁files ▁to ▁the ▁standard ▁output ▁ ▁" Con cat en ation " ▁is ▁the ▁opening ▁track ▁of ▁Swedish ▁Tech ▁Metal ▁band ▁M esh ugg ah ' s ▁album ▁Cha os phere . ▁ ▁A ▁technical ▁term ▁in ▁Christian ▁lit ur gy ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁combining ▁services ▁which ▁are ▁normally ▁performed ▁at ▁different ▁times ▁of ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁C aten ation <0x0A> </s> ▁Speed c abling ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁competitive ▁sport . ▁Steven ▁Sch kol ne ▁dev ised ▁the ▁sport , ▁which ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁In ▁the ▁standard ▁rules , ▁competitors ▁are ▁challenged ▁to ▁separate ▁a ▁mass ▁of ▁either ▁six ▁or ▁twelve |
▁tang led ▁Cat ▁ 5 ▁E ther net ▁c ables ▁in ▁the ▁fastest ▁possible ▁time . ▁Either ▁two ▁or ▁four ▁each ▁of ▁red ▁ 7 - foot , ▁blue ▁ 1 4 - foot , ▁and ▁yellow ▁ 2 1 - foot ▁c ables ▁are ▁tang led . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁regulations , ▁the ▁c ables ▁are ▁tang led ▁by ▁forming ▁a ▁figure - eight ▁and ▁placing ▁them ▁in ▁a ▁clothes ▁dry er ▁on ▁high ▁heat ▁for ▁three ▁minutes . ▁They ▁are ▁then ▁allowed ▁to ▁cool . ▁Sch kol ne ▁says ▁this ▁allows ▁them ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁" natural " ▁ent ang lement . ▁ ▁First ▁competition ▁The ▁first ▁speed c abling ▁competition ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁Machine ▁Project ▁art ▁gallery ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California , ▁which ▁local ▁web ▁developer ▁Mat ty ▁How ell ▁won . ▁His ▁prize ▁was ▁a ▁$ 5 0 ▁gift ▁certificate ▁for ▁dinner ▁at ▁an ▁Italian ▁restaurant . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁http :// www . speed c abling . org ▁- ▁Con cept ▁creator ' s ▁web ▁site ▁F lick r ▁page ▁with ▁photos ▁of ▁competition ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Machine ▁Project ▁ ▁Category : Comp et itions <0x0A> </s> ▁W ils man ▁is ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁located ▁in ▁E agle ▁Township ▁in ▁La S alle ▁County , ▁Illinois , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Illinois ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁La S alle ▁County , |
▁Illinois ▁Category : O tt awa , ▁IL ▁Mic ropolitan ▁Stat ist ical ▁Area <0x0A> </s> ▁K un j ik uru vi ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Indian ▁Mal ay al am ▁film , ▁directed ▁by ▁Vin ay an . ▁The ▁film ▁stars ▁Ned um udi ▁V enu ▁and ▁Ge eth a ▁in ▁lead ▁roles . ▁The ▁film ▁had ▁musical ▁score ▁by ▁Moh an ▁S ith ara . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Ned um udi ▁V enu ▁Ge eth a ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Vin ay an <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Har ring ton ▁Hotel , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Har ring ton ▁Inn , ▁is ▁a ▁hotel ▁located ▁at ▁ 1 0 2 6 ▁Military ▁Street ▁in ▁Port ▁Hur on , ▁Michigan . ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁History ▁Charles ▁Har ring ton ▁was ▁a ▁prominent ▁attorney ▁and ▁invest or ▁who ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Port ▁Hur on ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁his ▁family ' s ▁home ▁and ▁property ▁were ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁site ▁now ▁occupied ▁by ▁the ▁Har ring ton ▁Hotel . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 6 , ▁Har ring ton ▁had ▁this ▁hotel ▁constructed ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁site . ▁The ▁hotel ▁became ▁the ▁center |
▁of ▁social ▁and ▁political ▁life ▁in ▁Port ▁Hur on , ▁and ▁hosted ▁such ▁dign it aries ▁as ▁Secretary ▁of ▁War ▁William ▁Gib bs ▁Mc A do o , ▁Michigan ▁Governor ▁John ▁T . ▁Rich , ▁actor ▁Ot is ▁Sk inner , ▁comed ian ▁Eddie ▁F oy ▁Sr ., ▁box er ▁Robert ▁Fitz sim mons , ▁actor ▁Robert ▁B . ▁M ant ell , ▁and ▁Thomas ▁E dis on . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁Harry ▁S ▁Tr uman ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁B ess ▁spent ▁their ▁h one ym oon ▁at ▁the ▁Har ring ton ▁Hotel . ▁ ▁Har ring ton ▁managed ▁the ▁hotel ▁until ▁ 1 9 2 3 . ▁IN ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁the ▁movie ▁Young ▁Tom ▁E dis on ▁premier ed ▁in ▁Port ▁Hur on , ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁famous ▁guests ▁stayed ▁at ▁the ▁Har ring ton , ▁including ▁Mic key ▁Ro oney , ▁Louis ▁B . ▁May er , ▁Harvey ▁S . ▁Fire stone ▁Jr ., ▁Ed sel ▁Ford , ▁and ▁Father ▁Edward ▁J . ▁Fl an agan , ▁founder ▁of ▁Boys ▁Town . ▁However , ▁the ▁hotel ▁experienced ▁financial ▁difficulties ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁By ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁half ▁the ▁rooms ▁were ▁being ▁rent ed ▁on ▁a ▁weekly ▁or ▁monthly ▁basis . ▁Th reat ened ▁with ▁demol ition , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁the ▁" Har ring ton ▁Inn ," ▁an ▁assist |
ed ▁living ▁center ▁for ▁sen iors . ▁The ▁Inn ▁closed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁Har ring ton ▁Hotel ▁is ▁a ▁five - story , ▁red ▁brick ▁building ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁corner ▁lot . ▁The ▁design ▁contains ▁elements ▁of ▁Richard son ian ▁Roman es que ▁style , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁tri - part ▁fac ade ▁and ▁deeply ▁set ▁round ▁ar ched ▁windows , ▁and ▁elements ▁of ▁Class ical ▁Rev ival ▁style , ▁such ▁as ▁detailed ▁wooden ▁por ches ▁and ▁panel ▁f rie zes . ▁The ▁two ▁main ▁fac ades ▁have ▁a ▁symmet rical ▁window ▁position ing , ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁story ▁base ▁section ▁containing ▁large ▁round ▁ar ched ▁windows ▁in ▁the ▁Military ▁Street ▁fac ade ▁and ▁smaller ▁windows , ▁placed ▁in ▁groups ▁of ▁three , ▁in ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁fac ade . ▁The ▁second ▁and ▁third ▁stories ▁contain ▁double - hung ▁windows , ▁and ▁the ▁fourth ▁floor ▁section ▁has ▁large ▁round ▁ar ched ▁open ings ▁each ▁containing ▁a ▁door ▁fl anked ▁by ▁windows . ▁The ▁fifth ▁floor ▁section ▁contains ▁small , ▁round ▁ar ched ▁windows ▁in ▁pairs . ▁ ▁The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁fac ade ▁includes ▁three ▁windows ▁sp anning ▁the ▁second ▁floor ▁level ▁to ▁the ▁fourth . ▁A ▁bal ustr ade ▁originally ▁ran ▁along ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁building , ▁and ▁metal ▁originally ▁were ▁set ▁into ▁the ▁fourth ▁floor ▁level . ▁The ▁main ▁entrance ▁opens ▁west ▁onto ▁Military ▁Street , ▁and ▁is ▁shel tered ▁by ▁a ▁frame ▁porch ▁with ▁two ▁t iers , ▁composed ▁of ▁I onic ▁columns |
▁with ▁a ▁f rie ze ▁and ▁bal ustr ade ▁above . ▁A ▁second ▁entrance ▁on ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁side ▁is ▁shel tered ▁by ▁a ▁similar ▁one ▁story ▁port ico . ▁A ▁small ▁single ▁story ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁coffee ▁shop ▁addition ▁extends ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁Street ▁fac ade , ▁and ▁a ▁ 2 - 1 / 2 ▁story ▁brick ▁wing ▁at ▁the ▁rear , ▁original ▁to ▁the ▁hotel , ▁contains ▁the ▁kitchen ▁and ▁mechanical ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁St . ▁Cl air ▁County , ▁Michigan ▁Category : Ne oc lass ical ▁architecture ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : Hot el ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Beijing ▁NO . ▁ 2 0 ▁High ▁School ▁( Ch inese : ▁ 北 京 市 第 二 十 中 学 ▁or ▁ 北 京 二 十 中 学 ▁or ▁simply ▁ 二 十 中 ), ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁combined ▁secondary ▁school , ▁providing ▁both ▁junior ▁and ▁senior ▁stage ▁secondary ▁education . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁in ▁Q ing he , ▁H aid ian ▁District ▁of ▁Beijing , ▁one ▁mile ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁from ▁Sh ang di , ▁the ▁Sil icon ▁Valley ▁of ▁China . ▁▁ ▁Beijing ▁NO . ▁ 2 0 ▁High ▁School ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁two ▁years ▁later ▁than ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁The ▁high ▁school ▁was ▁acc red ited ▁as ▁be acon ▁high ▁schools ▁by ▁Beijing |
▁Municipal ▁Government ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁high ▁school ▁has ▁two ▁branch ▁schools . ▁One ▁of ▁them ▁is ▁X ind u ▁Branch ▁School , ▁formerly ▁Q ing he ▁NO . ▁ 3 ▁Middle ▁School , ▁merged ▁into ▁NO . ▁ 2 0 ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁which ▁contains ▁junior ▁high ▁school ▁only . ▁The ▁other ▁of ▁them ▁is ▁Exper imental ▁School ▁( Y ong ta i ), ▁a ▁ 9 - year ▁direct ▁school ▁with ▁primary ▁school ▁and ▁junior ▁high ▁school ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁principal ▁of ▁the ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁present ▁is ▁Chen ▁Hen gh ua ▁( 陈 <0xE6> <0x81> <0x92> 华 ), ▁and ▁the ▁Party ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁present ▁is ▁Sun ▁Y uz hu ▁( 孙 玉 <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB1> ). ▁ ▁Not able ▁al umn i ▁ ▁Z hou ▁Y i wei ▁( 周 一 围 ), ▁actor ▁star ring ▁in ▁D ying ▁to ▁Sur v ive ▁( 我 不 是 药 神 ) ▁ ▁Sister ▁schools ▁ ▁Rav ens cro ft ▁School , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁O aks ▁Park ▁High ▁School , ▁Il ford , ▁London , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Kap iti ▁College , ▁Ra um ati ▁Beach , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ ▁Mu eller ▁College , ▁Br is b ane , ▁Australia ▁ ▁Ho ▁F ung ▁College , ▁North ▁K w ai ▁Ch ung , ▁New ▁Terr itories , ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁China ▁ ▁Re ferences |
▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁Beijing ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁China ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Pro dig ios in ▁is ▁the ▁red ▁pig ment ▁produced ▁by ▁many ▁str ains ▁of ▁the ▁bacter ium ▁S err at ia ▁mar ces c ens , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁Gram - negative , ▁g amma ▁prote ob acter ia ▁such ▁as ▁V ib rio ▁psych ro ery th rus ▁and ▁Ha he lla ▁che ju ensis . ▁It ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁pink ▁t int ▁occasionally ▁found ▁in ▁gr ime ▁that ▁accum ulates ▁on ▁por cel ain ▁surfaces ▁such ▁as ▁bat ht ub s , ▁sink s , ▁and ▁toilet ▁bow ls . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁pro dig in ines ▁family ▁of ▁comp ounds ▁which ▁are ▁produced ▁in ▁some ▁Gram - negative ▁g amma ▁prote ob acter ia , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁select ▁Gram - pos itive ▁Act in ob acter ia ▁( e . g . ▁Stre pt omy ces ▁co el icol or ). ▁The ▁name ▁pro dig ios in ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁pro dig ious ▁( i . e . ▁something ▁marvel ous ). ▁ ▁Second ary ▁met abol ite ▁ ▁Pro dig ios in ▁is ▁a ▁secondary ▁met abol ite ▁of ▁S err at ia ▁mar ces c ens . ▁ ▁Because ▁it ▁is ▁easy ▁to ▁detect , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁model ▁system ▁to ▁study ▁secondary ▁met |
abol ism . ▁ ▁Pro dig ios in ▁production ▁has ▁long ▁been ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁enhanced ▁by ▁ph osph ate ▁limitation . ▁ ▁In ▁low ▁ph osph ate ▁conditions , ▁pig ment ed ▁str ains ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁grow ▁to ▁a ▁higher ▁density ▁than ▁un p ig ment ed ▁str ains . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁function ▁ ▁The ▁ability ▁of ▁pig ment ed ▁str ains ▁of ▁S err at ia ▁mar ces c ens ▁to ▁grow ▁on ▁bread ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁possible ▁explanation ▁of ▁Med ieval ▁trans ub stant iation ▁mir acles , ▁in ▁which ▁E uchar istic ▁bread ▁is ▁converted ▁into ▁the ▁Body ▁of ▁Christ . ▁▁ ▁Such ▁mir acles ▁led ▁to ▁Pope ▁Urban ▁IV ▁institut ing ▁the ▁Fe ast ▁of ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i ▁in ▁ 1 2 6 4 . ▁This ▁followed ▁celebration ▁of ▁a ▁Mass ▁at ▁Bol s ena ▁in ▁ 1 2 6 3 , ▁led ▁by ▁a ▁Bo hem ian ▁priest ▁who ▁had ▁doubts ▁concerning ▁trans ub stant iation . ▁During ▁the ▁Mass , ▁the ▁e uchar ist ▁appeared ▁to ▁ble ed ▁and ▁each ▁time ▁the ▁priest ▁wiped ▁away ▁the ▁blood , ▁more ▁would ▁appear . ▁This ▁event ▁is ▁celebrated ▁in ▁a ▁fres co ▁in ▁the ▁Pont if ical ▁Palace ▁in ▁the ▁V atic an ▁City , ▁painted ▁by ▁R aph ael . ▁ ▁Bi ological ▁activity ▁ ▁Pro dig ios in ▁received ▁renew ed ▁attention ▁for ▁its ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁biological ▁activities , ▁including ▁activities ▁as ▁ant imal ar ial , ▁ant if ung |
al , ▁imm un os upp ress ant , ▁and ▁antib i otic ▁agents . ▁It ▁is ▁perhaps ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁capacity ▁to ▁trigger ▁ap opt osis ▁of ▁m align ant ▁cancer ▁cells . ▁The ▁exact ▁mechanism ▁of ▁this ▁inhib ition ▁is ▁highly ▁complex ▁and ▁not ▁entirely ▁el uc id ated , ▁but ▁could ▁involve ▁multiple ▁processes , ▁including ▁ph osph at ase ▁inhib ition , ▁copper ▁medi ated ▁cle av age ▁of ▁double ▁str anded ▁DNA , ▁or ▁disrupt ing ▁the ▁p H ▁gradient ▁through ▁trans mem br ane ▁transport ▁of ▁H + ▁and ▁Cl - ▁ ions . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Pro dig ios in ▁is ▁a ▁highly ▁promising ▁drug ▁lead , ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁in ▁pre cl in ical ▁phase ▁study ▁for ▁p anc reat ic ▁cancer ▁treatment . ▁Pro dig ios in ▁has ▁recently ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁have ▁excellent ▁activity ▁against ▁station ary ▁phase ▁Bor rel ia ▁b urg d or fer i , ▁the ▁caus ative ▁agent ▁of ▁L yme ▁disease . ▁ ▁B ios y nt hesis ▁▁ ▁The ▁b ios y nt hesis ▁of ▁pro dig ios in ▁involves ▁the ▁conver gent ▁coupling ▁of ▁three ▁p yr role ▁type ▁rings ▁( label ed ▁A , ▁B , ▁and ▁C ▁in ▁figure ▁ 1 ) ▁from ▁L - pro line , ▁L - Ser ine , ▁L - m eth ion ine , ▁ ▁py ru v ate , ▁and ▁ 2 - oct en al . ▁ ▁Ring ▁A ▁is ▁synt hes ized ▁from |
▁L - pro line ▁through ▁the ▁non rib os om al ▁pe pt ide ▁syn th ase ▁( NR PS ) ▁path way ▁( figure ▁ 2 ), ▁wherein ▁the ▁p yr rol id ine ▁ring ▁of ▁pro line ▁is ▁ox id ized ▁twice ▁through ▁F AD + ▁to ▁yield ▁p yr role ▁ring ▁A . ▁ ▁Ring ▁A ▁is ▁then ▁expanded ▁via ▁the ▁poly ket ide ▁syn th ase ▁path way ▁to ▁incorporate ▁L - ser ine ▁into ▁ring ▁B ▁( figure ▁ 3 ). ▁Ring ▁A ▁fragment ▁is ▁transferred ▁from ▁the ▁pe pt id yl ▁carrier ▁protein ▁ ▁( P CP ) ▁to ▁the ▁ac yl ▁carrier ▁protein ▁( AC P ) ▁by ▁a ▁K S ▁domain , ▁followed ▁by ▁transfer ▁to ▁mal ony l - AC P ▁via ▁dec ar box yl ative ▁Cl ais en ▁cond ens ation . ▁This ▁fragment ▁is ▁then ▁able ▁to ▁react ▁with ▁the ▁mask ed ▁car ban ion ▁formed ▁from ▁the ▁P LP ▁medi ated ▁dec ar box y lation ▁of ▁L - Ser ine , ▁which ▁cycl izes ▁in ▁a ▁de hy dr ation ▁reaction ▁to ▁yield ▁the ▁second ▁p yr role ▁ring . ▁This ▁intermediate ▁is ▁then ▁modified ▁by ▁meth y lation ▁( which ▁incorpor ates ▁a ▁meth yl ▁group ▁from ▁L - m eth ion ine ▁onto ▁the ▁alcohol ▁at ▁the ▁ 6 ▁position ) ▁and ▁ox id ation ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁alcohol ▁to ▁the ▁al de hy de ▁to ▁yield ▁the ▁core ▁A - B ▁ring ▁structure . ▁ ▁Ring |
▁C ▁is ▁formed ▁from ▁the ▁T PP ▁medi ated ▁dec ar box yl ative ▁addition ▁of ▁py ru v ate ▁to ▁ 2 - oct en al , ▁followed ▁by ▁reaction ▁with ▁P LP ▁to ▁generate ▁an ▁am ine ▁for ▁intr am ole cular ▁cond ens ation . ▁Ox id ation ▁of ▁the ▁resulting ▁ring ▁yields ▁the ▁final ▁p yr role ▁ring ▁C . ▁ ▁Finally , ▁these ▁two ▁pieces ▁are ▁st itched ▁together ▁in ▁a ▁de hy dr ation ▁reaction ▁driven ▁forward ▁by ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁conj ug ated ▁system ▁across ▁all ▁three ▁rings . ▁This ▁complet es ▁the ▁conver gent ▁synt hesis ▁of ▁the ▁natural ▁product . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Ob at oc l ax , ▁an ▁experimental ▁drug ▁with ▁related ▁chemical ▁structure ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : P yr ro les ▁Category : Bi ological ▁pig ments <0x0A> </s> ▁Multi - party ▁author ization ▁( MP A ) ▁is ▁a ▁process ▁to ▁protect ▁a ▁tele commun ications ▁network , ▁data ▁center ▁or ▁industrial ▁control ▁system ▁from ▁und es irable ▁acts ▁by ▁a ▁mal icious ▁ins ider ▁or ▁in exper i enced ▁techn ician ▁acting ▁alone . ▁M PA ▁requires ▁that ▁a ▁second ▁authorized ▁user ▁appro ve ▁an ▁action ▁before ▁it ▁is ▁allowed ▁to ▁take ▁place . ▁This ▁pro - act ively ▁protect s ▁data ▁or ▁systems ▁from ▁an ▁und es irable ▁act . ▁ ▁Architect ure ▁ ▁Ex isting ▁methods ▁to ▁protect ▁data ▁and ▁systems ▁from ▁the ▁mal icious ▁ins ider ▁include ▁aud iting , ▁job ▁rotation |
▁and ▁separation ▁of ▁duties . ▁Aud iting ▁is ▁a ▁re active ▁method ▁meant ▁to ▁discover ▁who ▁did ▁what ▁after ▁the ▁fact . ▁Job ▁rotation ▁and ▁separation ▁of ▁duties ▁are ▁limiting ▁techniques ▁meant ▁to ▁minimize ▁prolong ed ▁access ▁to ▁sensitive ▁data ▁or ▁systems ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁limit ▁und es irable ▁acts . ▁In ▁contrast , ▁M PA ▁is ▁a ▁pro - active ▁solution . ▁ ▁An ▁advantage ▁M PA ▁has ▁over ▁other ▁methods ▁to ▁protect ▁from ▁und es irable ▁acts ▁by ▁a ▁mal icious ▁ins ider ▁or ▁in exper i enced ▁operator ▁is ▁that ▁M PA ▁is ▁pro - active ▁and ▁prevents ▁data ▁or ▁systems ▁from ▁compromise ▁by ▁a ▁single ▁entity ▁acting ▁alone . ▁M PA ▁prevents ▁the ▁initial ▁und es irable ▁act ▁rather ▁than ▁dealing ▁with ▁a ▁bre ach ▁or ▁compromise ▁after ▁the ▁fact . ▁ ▁Application ▁ ▁Multi - party ▁author ization ▁technology ▁can ▁secure ▁the ▁most ▁vulnerable ▁and ▁sensitive ▁activities ▁and ▁data ▁sources ▁from ▁attack ▁by ▁a ▁comprom ised ▁ins ider ▁acting ▁alone . ▁It ▁is ▁somewhat ▁analog ous ▁to ▁weapons ▁systems ▁that ▁require ▁two ▁individuals ▁to ▁turn ▁two ▁different ▁keys ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁enable ▁the ▁system . ▁One ▁person ▁cannot ▁do ▁it ▁alone . ▁Another ▁example ▁is ▁to ▁consider ▁access ▁to ▁a ▁lock ▁box ▁in ▁a ▁bank . ▁That ▁access ▁requires ▁multiple ▁parties , ▁one ▁the ▁lock ▁box ▁owner ▁and ▁another ▁a ▁bank ▁official . ▁Both ▁individuals ▁act ▁together ▁to ▁access ▁the ▁lock ▁box , ▁while ▁neither ▁could ▁do ▁so ▁alone . ▁M PA , ▁in ▁like ▁manner , ▁ensures |
▁that ▁a ▁second ▁set ▁of ▁eyes ▁reviews ▁and ▁appro ves ▁of ▁activity ▁involving ▁critical ▁or ▁sensitive ▁data ▁or ▁systems ▁before ▁the ▁action ▁takes ▁place . ▁ ▁Multi - party ▁author ization ▁is ▁suitable ▁for ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁applications . ▁M PA ▁can ▁be ▁implemented ▁to ▁protect ▁any ▁type ▁of ▁sensitive ▁data ▁in ▁electronic ▁form ▁or ▁any ▁activity ▁within ▁a ▁network ▁infrastructure ▁or ▁computer ized ▁control ▁system . ▁An ▁electronic ▁health ▁record ▁is ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁a ▁data ▁record ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁protected ▁by ▁M PA . ▁Multi - party ▁author ization ▁provides ▁pro - active ▁protection ▁from ▁und es irable ▁acts ▁by ▁the ▁in exper i enced ▁techn ician ▁or ▁mal icious ▁ins ider . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁US ▁Pat ent ▁ 7 , 5 1 9 , 8 2 6 , ▁issued : ▁April ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁for ▁▁ ▁" N ear ▁Real ▁Time ▁Multi - Part y ▁Task ▁Author ization ▁Access ▁Control " ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁IT ▁Business Edge , ▁Nov ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁" Prote ct ing ▁From ▁the ▁Mal icious ▁Ins ider : ▁Multi ▁Party ▁Author ization " ▁ ▁Category : Data ▁security <0x0A> </s> ▁Three ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁have ▁b orne ▁the ▁name ▁H MS ▁H avel ock , ▁after ▁General ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁H avel ock : ▁▁ ▁was ▁an ▁Indian ▁p addle ▁gun boat ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 . ▁ ▁Her ▁fate ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁was |
▁an ▁ ▁monitor ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁originally ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁named ▁H MS ▁General ▁Grant , ▁but ▁was ▁renamed ▁H MS ▁M 2 ▁and ▁finally ▁H MS ▁H avel ock . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁but ▁was ▁retained , ▁being ▁sold ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁was ▁an ▁H - class ▁destroy er ▁originally ▁ordered ▁for ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁Navy ▁as ▁J ut ah y . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁requ is ition ed ▁before ▁being ▁launched ▁and ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁Category : R oyal ▁Navy ▁ship ▁names <0x0A> </s> ▁R its cher ▁Peak ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁peak ▁located ▁ ▁west - s outh west ▁of ▁Mount ▁M ent zel ▁in ▁the ▁Gr uber ▁Mountains ▁of ▁Queen ▁M aud ▁Land , ▁Ant ar ct ica . ▁This ▁peak ▁was ▁discovered ▁and ▁mapped ▁by ▁the ▁Third ▁German ▁Ant ar ctic ▁Ex ped ition ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 8 – 3 9 ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁Capt . ▁Alfred ▁R its cher , ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁expedition . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Ge ological ▁Survey , ▁Ge ographic ▁Names ▁Information ▁System ▁( GN IS ) ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁Committee ▁on ▁Ant ar ctic ▁Research ▁( SC AR ) ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Queen ▁M aud ▁Land ▁Category : Pr in cess ▁Astr id ▁Coast <0x0A> </s> ▁V era ▁Icon ▁( |
or ▁Head ▁of ▁Christ ) ▁is ▁a ▁lost ▁oil - on ▁panel ▁portrait ▁by ▁the ▁Early ▁Nether land ish ▁painter ▁Jan ▁van ▁E y ck , ▁which ▁probably ▁formed ▁half ▁of ▁a ▁since ▁dis m ant led ▁di pty ch . ▁The ▁original ▁is ▁known ▁through ▁three ▁contemporary ▁copies ▁from ▁his ▁workshop . ▁They ▁were ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 4 3 8 , ▁ 1 4 3 9 ▁and ▁ 1 4 4 0 ; ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁last ▁in ▁Bru ges , ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 3 9 ▁version ▁in ▁Mun ich . ▁▁ ▁From ▁these ▁reprodu ctions , ▁we ▁can ▁ded uce ▁its ▁small ▁scale , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁panel ▁ev id enced ▁the ▁master ' s ▁usual ▁un fl in ching ▁approach ▁to ▁phys i ogn omy . ▁Of ▁its ▁origin ▁or ▁commission ▁we ▁know ▁nothing . ▁Un us ually ▁he ▁presents ▁an ▁ideal ised ▁and ▁straightforward ▁icon ographic ▁image ▁of ▁Christ . ▁Although ▁emot ive , ▁the ▁panel ▁follows ▁a ▁very ▁traditional ▁presentation ▁of ▁Christ ▁in ▁the ▁hier at ical ▁manner , ▁facing ▁directly ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁space . ▁The ▁usual ▁title , ▁V era ▁Icon , ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁Eastern ▁tradition ▁of ▁ icons ▁in ▁the ▁" Without ▁H ands " ▁convention . ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁canonical ▁ext ant ▁copies ▁has ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁signature ▁by ▁van ▁E y ck . ▁The ▁Berlin ▁in scription ▁reads ▁" Jo hes ▁de ▁ey ck ▁me ▁fe cit ▁et ▁app lev it ▁an no ▁ 1 4 3 8 |
▁ 3 I ▁Januar ij ". ▁The ▁version ▁in ▁Bru ges ▁reads ▁" Jo hes ▁de ▁ey ck ▁. ▁. ▁ann ov ▁ 1 4 3 8 ▁ 3 I ▁Januar ij ". ▁ ▁And ▁yet ▁it ▁diff ers ▁in ▁two ▁man ners ▁from ▁representation ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 4 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 5 th ▁centuries ; ▁in ▁its ▁phys i ological ▁exact ness , ▁and ▁illusion istic ▁frames . ▁Like ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁surviving ▁works , ▁the ▁panel ▁contains ▁a ▁heavily ▁in scribed ▁fict ive ▁frame ▁painted ▁around ▁the ▁portrait . ▁In ▁each ▁contemporary ▁copy , ▁the ▁background ▁is ▁composed ▁from ▁dark ▁gre ens , ▁and ▁Christ ▁is ▁dressed ▁in ▁crim son ▁rob es , ▁and ▁has ▁long , ▁dark ▁hair . ▁The ▁letter ing ▁on ▁the ▁neck line ▁of ▁his ▁gown ▁reads ▁" RE X ▁REG NUM ", ▁a ▁phrase ▁that ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁gar ment ▁worn ▁by ▁God ▁in ▁the ▁G hent ▁Alt arp iece . ▁▁ ▁The ▁model ▁for ▁the ▁dep iction ▁comes ▁from ▁text ▁rather ▁than ▁painting . ▁It ▁is ▁thought ▁that ▁van ▁E y ck ▁drew ▁from ▁Lud olph ▁of ▁Sax ony ' s ▁ 1 4 th - century ▁" Life ▁of ▁Christ ", ▁and ▁that ▁description ▁of ▁a ▁Christ ▁as ▁having ▁a ▁" re ver end ▁count en ance ▁which ▁they ▁that ▁look ▁upon ▁may ▁love ▁an ▁fear ; ▁having ▁the ▁hair ▁of ▁the ▁h ue ▁of ▁an ▁un ri pe ▁haz eln ut ... part ing ▁at ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the |
▁head ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁fashion ▁of ▁the ▁Naz are ans ... ; ▁having ▁a ▁full ▁beard ▁of ▁the ▁colour ▁of ▁his ▁hair , ▁not ▁long , ▁but ▁a ▁little ▁for ked ▁at ▁the ▁chin ." ▁ ▁Pet rus ▁Christ us ' ▁ 1 4 4 4 - 4 5 ▁Head ▁of ▁Christ , ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁Met ropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁der ives ▁from ▁van ▁E y ck ' s ▁panel , ▁but ▁is ▁less ▁traditional ▁and ▁more ▁emot ive ; ▁ev id enced ▁by ▁the ▁crown ▁of ▁th orn s , ▁and ▁dri ps ▁of ▁blood ▁running ▁from ▁the ▁forehead ▁to ▁chest . ▁The ▁specific ▁van ▁E y ck ian ▁direct ▁but ▁pl aint ive ▁expression ▁and ▁deep ▁colour ▁schemes ▁were ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁Bru ges ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Legend ▁of ▁St . ▁Urs ula ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁his ▁Ve il ▁of ▁Ver on ica ▁port ra its . ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁painting ▁is ▁in ▁relatively ▁good ▁condition ▁given ▁its ▁age . ▁There ▁are ▁marks ▁of ▁ret ouch ing ▁around ▁the ▁hair , ▁but ▁otherwise ▁the ▁paint ▁is ▁intact . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁A ins worth , ▁Mary an ▁W yn n . ▁From ▁Van ▁E y ck ▁to ▁Br ue gel : ▁Early ▁Nether land ish ▁P aint ings ▁in ▁the ▁Met ropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art . ▁NY : ▁Met ropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁▁ ▁Bor ch ert , ▁T ill - Hol ger . |
▁Van ▁E y ck . ▁London : ▁T as chen , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁▁ ▁Con way , ▁Martin . ▁" A ▁Head ▁of ▁Christ ▁by ▁John ▁van ▁E y ck ". ▁The ▁Bur lington ▁Magazine ▁for ▁Con no isse urs , ▁Volume ▁ 3 9 , ▁No . ▁ 2 2 5 , ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁ ▁Har b ison , ▁Craig . ▁Jan ▁van ▁E y ck , ▁The ▁Play ▁of ▁Real ism . ▁London : ▁Re akt ion ▁Books , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 4 3 0 s ▁paintings ▁Category : Port ra its ▁by ▁Jan ▁van ▁E y ck ▁Category : Paint ings ▁dep ict ing ▁Jesus <0x0A> </s> ▁J erm aine ▁Ale ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁former ▁rugby ▁league ▁football er ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Can ber ra ▁R aid ers ▁club ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Rug by ▁League ▁competition . ▁His ▁position ▁of ▁choice ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁wing . ▁ ▁Background ▁Ale ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New castle , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁Australia . ▁ ▁While ▁attending ▁Lamb ton ▁High ▁School , ▁Ale ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁School boys ▁team ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Career ▁playing ▁statistics ▁ ▁Point ▁scoring ▁summary ▁ ▁Mat ches ▁played ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁J erm aine ▁Ale ▁N RL ▁profile ▁( Dead ▁link ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 |
5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rugby ▁league ▁players ▁Category : Can ber ra ▁R aid ers ▁players ▁Category : W estern ▁Sub ur bs ▁Ros ell as ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R ug by ▁league ▁wing ers ▁Category : R ug by ▁league ▁players ▁from ▁New ▁South ▁Wales <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Et zel ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁Lake ▁Z ür ich ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁Although ▁its ▁elev ation , ▁of ▁, ▁is ▁relatively ▁modest , ▁it ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁aspect ▁when ▁viewed ▁from ▁the ▁lake ▁and ▁its ▁surroundings . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁views ▁over ▁the ▁lake , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁inn ▁at ▁the ▁summit . ▁▁ ▁The ▁mountain ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Sch wy zer ▁Al ps ▁mountain ▁range , ▁and ▁lies ▁in ▁the ▁cant on ▁of ▁Sch wy z . ▁Its ▁summit ▁and ▁sl opes ▁are ▁divided ▁between ▁the ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁Fe us is berg , ▁which ▁lies ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁and ▁Eins ied eln , ▁which ▁lies ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁The ▁mountain ▁has ▁given ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 4 - built ▁M V ▁Et zel , ▁now ▁preserved ▁on ▁Lake ▁Z ür ich . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Et zel ▁on ▁H ik r ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁the ▁cant on ▁of ▁Sch wy z <0x0A> </s> ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World |
▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁( 1 9 3 9 ▁film ), ▁a ▁comedy ▁star ring ▁Claud ette ▁Col bert ▁and ▁James ▁Stewart ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁( 1 9 5 6 ▁film ), ▁a ▁British ▁musical ▁film ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁( album ), ▁an ▁album ▁by ▁Mr . ▁Children ▁" It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World " ▁( El vis ▁Pres ley ▁song ) ▁The ▁World ▁End s ▁with ▁You , ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁action ▁role - play ing ▁game ▁released ▁in ▁Japan ▁as ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁( dis ambigu ation ), ▁includes ▁uses ▁of ▁What ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁It ' s ▁a ▁Wonder ful ▁Life ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁For ▁the ▁similarly ▁named ▁reserv oirs ▁in ▁Afghanistan , ▁please ▁see ▁A od an ▁( res erv oir ). '' A od an ''' ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Afghanistan . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁And ar ab ▁District ▁of ▁Bag h lan ▁Province , ▁and ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Sh ash an ▁Tag ao . ▁Around ▁the ▁turn ▁of ▁the ▁twentieth ▁century , ▁it ▁contained ▁ 1 0 ▁T aj ik ▁households . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bag h lan ▁Province ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Bag h lan ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁M ür wik ▁Naval ▁School ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁training ▁establishment |
▁for ▁all ▁German ▁Navy ▁officers ▁and ▁replaced ▁the ▁German ▁Imperial ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁in ▁K iel . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁M ür wik ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Germany ' s ▁northern most ▁city , ▁Fl ens burg . ▁Built ▁on ▁a ▁small ▁hill ▁directly ▁by ▁the ▁coast , ▁it ▁overlook s ▁the ▁Fl ens burg ▁F j ord . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁was ▁established ▁at ▁this ▁site ▁by ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Kaiser ▁Wilhelm ▁II ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁Its ▁unique ▁g oth ic ▁architecture ▁with ▁the ▁domin ating ▁red ▁br icks ▁was ▁meant ▁to ▁im itate ▁the ▁castle ▁Ord ens burg ▁Mar ien burg , ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 4 . ▁Architect ▁of ▁the ▁Building ▁was ▁Ad al bert ▁Kel m . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Sher wood ▁Fore sters ▁were ▁in ▁Fl ens burg - M ür wik ▁at ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁M ür wik ▁to ▁super v ise ▁the ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁Sch les wig ▁ple b isc ites .< ref > D iet er - J ür gen ▁Me hl horn : ▁Arch ite ktur ▁in ▁Sch les wig ▁Hol stein . ▁V om ▁Mittel alter ▁bis ▁zur ▁G egen wart . ▁K iel / H amb urg ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Se ite ▁ 1 4 0 </ ref > ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁final ▁days ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Grand ▁Admiral ▁Karl ▁D ön itz ▁assumed ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁President ▁( Re ich spr |
äsident ) ▁of ▁Germany . ▁Ad olf ▁Hitler ▁himself ▁had ▁named ▁him ▁his ▁success or ▁before ▁comm itting ▁suicide ▁at ▁Berlin . ▁D ön itz ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁at ▁M ür wik . ▁He ▁established ▁on ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁it , ▁in ▁the ▁sport school ▁the ▁Fl ens burg ▁government . ▁Soon ▁after ▁the ▁final ▁surrender ▁to ▁the ▁All ies , ▁they ▁were ▁un se ated ▁and ▁arrested ▁by ▁British ▁troops . ▁This ▁made ▁Fl ens burg ▁capital ▁of ▁Germany ▁for ▁nearly ▁ 2 0 ▁days . ▁Today , ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Mar itime ▁Museum ▁in ▁Green wich , ▁London ▁includes ▁old ▁ship ▁models , ▁old ▁paintings ▁and ▁flags ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁M ür wik ▁by ▁British ▁troops ▁after ▁the ▁War . ▁ ▁Education ▁of ▁German ▁naval ▁officers ▁ ▁As ▁most ▁naval ▁officer ▁cad ets ▁join ▁the ▁German ▁Navy ▁after ▁passing ▁their ▁A - level s ▁at ▁school , ▁signing ▁up ▁for ▁thirteen ▁years ▁of ▁service ▁( can ▁be ▁extended ▁to ▁a ▁" lif etime " ▁of ▁around ▁ 3 5 ▁years ), ▁the ▁standard ▁education ▁consists ▁of ▁three ▁parts : ▁▁ 1 ) ▁The ▁basic ▁education ▁at ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁last s ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁year . ▁▁ 2 ) ▁It ▁is ▁usually ▁followed ▁( ex ceptions ▁to ▁be ▁made ) ▁by ▁university ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁Federal ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁which ▁last ▁around ▁four ▁years . ▁▁ 3 ) ▁Given ▁their ▁degree ▁of ▁Bachelor ▁or ▁Master ▁officers ▁then ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Naval |
▁Academy ▁and ▁other ▁naval ▁schools ▁for ▁advanced ▁training . ▁The ▁advanced ▁training ▁last s ▁up ▁to ▁two ▁years , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁officers ' ▁choice ▁of ▁an ▁operational ▁or ▁engineering ▁career ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁vessel , ▁they ▁are ▁going ▁to ▁serve ▁on . ▁Those ▁heading ▁for ▁a ▁land - based ▁post , ▁also ▁get ▁the ▁basic ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁advanced ▁training . ▁ ▁The ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁at ▁M uer wik ▁carries ▁out ▁both , ▁the ▁basic ▁education ▁of ▁officer ▁cad ets ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁advanced ▁training ▁for ▁officers . ▁ ▁Basic ▁education ▁ ▁The ▁one - year ▁lasting ▁basic ▁education ▁of ▁all ▁German ▁Navy ▁cad ets ▁basically ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁parts : ▁ ▁Being ▁new ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁Navy , ▁all ▁cad ets ▁first ▁perform ▁six ▁weeks ▁of ▁collective ▁basic ▁training ▁at ▁M ür wik . ▁After ▁this ▁they ▁are ▁divided ▁in ▁three ▁groups ▁which ▁will ▁consecut ively ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁three ▁sections ▁of ▁training : ▁A ▁sail ing ▁trip ▁with ▁German ▁Navy ' s ▁training ▁ship ▁Gor ch ▁F ock ' ', ▁a ▁mission - pre par ing ▁part ▁at ▁the ▁" N CO ' s ▁school " ▁( Mar ine unter off iz iers ch ule / M US ) ▁in ▁Pl ön ▁and ▁the ▁officer ' s ▁training ▁again ▁at ▁M ür wik . ▁Cad ets ▁who ▁will ▁serve ▁at ▁the ▁German ▁forces ' ▁medical ▁service ▁only ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁trip ▁with ▁ ▁Gor ch ▁F ock ▁and ▁the ▁six ▁weeks ▁basic ▁training |
. ▁ ▁Advanced ▁training ▁ ▁Advanced ▁training ▁for ▁officers ▁provides ▁further ▁knowledge ▁on ▁various ▁military ▁topics , ▁like ▁leadership ▁studies ▁or ▁military ▁law . ▁Dep ending ▁on ▁their ▁choice ▁of ▁an ▁engineering ▁or ▁operational ▁career , ▁officers ▁will ▁also ▁join ▁special ▁courses ▁like ▁officer - of - the - watch ▁training , ▁special ised ▁weapon ▁systems ▁training ▁or ▁naval ▁engineering . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Mar ines ch ule ▁M ür wik ▁- ▁Official ▁German ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Nav al ▁academ ies ▁Category : Mil itary ▁academ ies ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : G erman ▁Navy ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Fl ens burg <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁L . ▁Mag u ire ▁( born ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁actor , ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁En j ol ras ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Broadway ▁production ▁of ▁the ▁musical ▁Les ▁Mis ér ables . ▁This ▁role ▁won ▁him ▁a ▁Tony ▁Award ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁It ▁also ▁won ▁him ▁a ▁Dr ama ▁Des k ▁Award ▁and ▁a ▁Theatre ▁World ▁Award . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁he ▁was ▁chosen ▁to ▁re prise ▁the ▁role ▁in ▁Les ▁Mis ér ables : ▁The ▁Dream ▁Cast ▁in ▁Con cert ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Albert ▁Hall ▁in ▁London , ▁produced ▁to ▁celebrate ▁the ▁musical ' s ▁ 1 0 th ▁anniversary . ▁His ▁voice ▁type ▁is ▁bar it one . ▁ ▁Mag u ire ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New port |
▁News , ▁Virginia , ▁and , ▁as ▁a ▁teenager , ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁st rolling ▁trou bad our ▁in ▁William sburg , ▁Virginia , ▁before ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁study ▁opera ▁at ▁the ▁Ober lin ▁Conserv atory ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan . ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁stock bro ker ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁before ▁making ▁his ▁Broadway ▁debut ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁with ▁Les ▁Mis ér ables . ▁He ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁films ▁L . A . ▁Pictures , ▁Cad ill ac , ▁Go ▁Fish , ▁The ▁Deep ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁Ocean , ▁B usted , ▁and ▁Where ▁The ▁Day ▁T akes ▁You , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁television ▁shows . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁law ▁degree ▁from ▁South western ▁Law ▁School ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles . ▁ ▁He ▁now ▁practices ▁family ▁law ▁in ▁Bever ly ▁Hills . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Michael ▁Mag u ire ▁fan ▁website ▁ ▁Michael ▁L ▁Mag u ire ▁& ▁Associ ates ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : American ▁male ▁musical ▁theatre ▁actors ▁Category : American ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : Dr ama ▁Des k ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : St ock bro kers ▁Category : The atre ▁World ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : T ony ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Michigan ▁School ▁of ▁Music , ▁Theatre ▁& ▁Dance ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 |
0 ▁Florida ▁State ▁Sem in oles ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Florida ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁NC AA ▁Division ▁I - A ▁football ▁season . ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁co ached ▁by ▁Bobby ▁Bow den ▁and ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Do ak ▁Campbell ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁Schedule ▁ ▁R oster ▁ ▁Rank ings ▁ ▁Season ▁summary ▁ ▁Miami ▁( FL ) ▁ ▁Aub urn ▁ ▁L SU ▁ ▁Florida ▁ ▁vs . ▁Penn ▁State ▁( Block b uster ▁Bowl ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Florida ▁State ▁Sem in oles ▁Category : Fl or ida ▁State ▁Sem in oles ▁football ▁seasons ▁Category : Camp ing ▁World ▁Bowl ▁champion ▁seasons ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁in ▁sports ▁in ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁Il ona ▁Kab os ▁( 7 ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 3 2 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Hung arian - B rit ish ▁pian ist ▁and ▁teacher . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Kab os ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Budapest ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁( some ▁sources ▁give ▁her ▁year ▁of ▁birth ▁as ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁or ▁ 1 9 0 2 ). ▁ ▁She ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Franz ▁Lis zt ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁under ▁Á rp ád ▁Sz end y ▁( a ▁pup il ▁of ▁Franz ▁Lis zt ), ▁Leo ▁We iner ▁and ▁Z olt án ▁K od ály ), ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁Lis zt ▁Prize . ▁ ▁In ▁the |
▁early ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁career , ▁she ▁played ▁for ▁Fer ru cc io ▁Bus oni , ▁who ▁also ▁played ▁for ▁her . ▁She ▁tou red ▁widely , ▁giving ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁premi ere ▁performances ▁of ▁works ▁by ▁compos ers ▁including ▁K od ály , ▁We iner , ▁B é la ▁Bart ó k , ▁Lu igi ▁D all ap ic cola , ▁Roy ▁Harris , ▁Carlos ▁Ch á vez ▁and ▁M á ty ás ▁Se iber . ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁American ▁debut ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁She ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Budapest ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁through ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁ ▁Kab os ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁fellow ▁Hung arian ▁pian ist ▁Louis ▁Kent ner , ▁and ▁they ▁made ▁their ▁home ▁in ▁London . ▁It ▁is ▁claimed ▁that ▁her ▁pian ism ▁was ▁superior ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁his . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁Kab os ▁and ▁Kent ner ▁gave ▁the ▁world ▁premi ere ▁of ▁Bart ó k ' s ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁Two ▁P ian os , ▁Per cussion ▁and ▁Orchestra ▁in ▁London . ▁She ▁premier ed ▁Robert ▁Craw ford ' s ▁Six ▁Bag at elles , ▁Op . ▁ 3 ▁( 1 9 4 8 ). ▁ ▁Kab os ' ▁marriage ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁when ▁Kent ner ▁left ▁her ▁for ▁Gr is el da ▁G ould ▁( d aughter ▁of ▁British ▁pian ist ▁Ev ely n ▁Su art ▁and ▁sister ▁of ▁the |
▁ball er ina ▁Diana ▁G ould , ▁who ▁was ▁Y eh udi ▁Menu hin ' s ▁second ▁wife ). ▁ ▁Kab os ' s ▁greatest ▁legacy ▁is ▁as ▁a ▁teacher ▁of ▁other ▁pian ists . ▁ ▁She ▁gave ▁master ▁classes , ▁and ▁taught ▁both ▁priv ately ▁and ▁at ▁institutions ▁such ▁as ▁D art ington ▁Summer ▁School ▁and ▁the ▁Ju ill i ard ▁School ▁( from ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁at ▁the ▁express ▁invitation ▁of ▁Peter ▁M enn in ; ▁Kab os ▁and ▁Ros ina ▁L h év in ne ▁often ▁ex changed ▁students ). ▁ ▁Kab os ' ▁better - known ▁students ▁include : ▁Susan ▁Alexander - Max , ▁David ▁B oll ard , ▁Robert ▁C uck son , ▁Monte ▁Hill ▁Davis , ▁Norm a ▁Fisher , ▁Peter ▁Frank l , ▁Joan ▁Hav ill , ▁N iel ▁Im mel man , ▁William ▁Cor b ett ▁Jones , ▁Joseph ▁Kal ich stein , ▁David ▁O ei , ▁John ▁Og don , ▁Denver ▁Old ham , ▁K un - W oo ▁Pa ik , ▁Alberto ▁Portug he is , ▁Staff an ▁Sche ja , ▁Roberto ▁Sz id on ▁and ▁Alan ▁We iss . ▁Other ▁students ▁included : ▁Paul ▁Bur ke , ▁N ig el ▁C ox e , ▁David - M ichael ▁Dun bar , ▁Mar il yn ▁Eng le , ▁Me ira ▁F ark as , ▁Jonathan ▁Miles ▁Fre eman , ▁Otto ▁Freud ent hal , ▁Nancy ▁Bur ton ▁Gar rett , ▁D erek ▁Han , ▁Robin ▁Harrison , ▁E manuel ▁K |
ras ov sky , ▁R isto ▁La ur ial a , ▁D ana ▁Mull er , ▁Th alia ▁My ers , ▁Mar ios ▁Pap ad op oul os , ▁Joel ▁Sach s , ▁Jeff rey ▁Sie gel , ▁and ▁S ér gio ▁V are lla - C id ., ▁V eda ▁Z up on c ic . ▁ ▁Kab os ' ▁teaching ▁method ▁included ▁sc rib bling ▁on ▁the ▁music ▁during ▁her ▁lessons . ▁She ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁writing ▁" bold ▁directions ▁in ▁red ▁c ray on , ▁right ▁across ▁the ▁page , ▁in ▁huge ▁letters , ▁grat uit ous ▁sl ashes ". ▁The ▁c ray on ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁ch ina ▁marker , ▁wrapped ▁in ▁paper . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁musical ▁advis or ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁films : ▁Mur der ▁in ▁the ▁Cat hedral ▁( 1 9 5 1 ), ▁The ▁F ake ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), ▁The ▁Diamond ▁( 1 9 5 4 ), ▁Jet ▁Storm ▁( 1 9 5 9 ), ▁and ▁The ▁H ands ▁of ▁Or l ac ▁( 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁A ▁host el ▁for ▁Kab os ' ▁students ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁Fin ch ley , ▁North ▁London , ▁by ▁Charles ▁Nap per . ▁ ▁She ▁died ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁aged ▁ 7 9 . ▁ ▁T ributes ▁The ▁In ventions , ▁Op . ▁ 2 , ▁are ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁piano ▁pieces ▁by ▁André ▁T cha ik ow sky ; ▁each ▁invention ▁is ▁a |
▁musical ▁portrait ▁of ▁a ▁friend ▁or ▁colle ague ▁of ▁T cha ik ow sky ' s , ▁and ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁was ▁sub t itled ▁" To ▁Il ona ▁Kab os ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Serge ▁T ch ere pn in ▁wrote ▁a ▁piano ▁piece ▁for ▁Kab os , ▁called ▁simply ▁" For ▁Il ona ▁Kab os ". ▁ ▁Record ings ▁Kab os ▁made ▁very ▁few ▁record ings . ▁ ▁They ▁include : ▁ ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁New ▁York ▁Town ▁Hall ▁concert , ▁with ▁works ▁by : ▁Lis zt ▁( Vari ations ▁on ▁‘ We inen , ▁Kl agen , ▁S org en , ▁Z agen ’, ▁S . ▁ 1 8 0 ; ▁and ▁ex cer pts ▁from ▁We ih n acht s ba um , ▁S . ▁ 1 8 6 ), ▁and ▁Bart ó k ▁( Three ▁R ond os , ▁Sz 8 4 ; ▁Son at ina , ▁Sz 5 5 ; ▁For ▁Children , ▁Sz 4 2 ) ▁ ▁Edward ▁Tat n all ▁Can by , ▁writing ▁in ▁the ▁Saturday ▁Review , ▁said ▁this ▁was ▁" the ▁best ▁piano ▁record ▁I ▁have ▁heard , ▁bar ▁none ". ▁ ▁Lis zt ' s ▁G n omen re igen ▁( live , ▁Budapest , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁ ▁Sir ▁Michael ▁T ipp ett ' s ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁( B BC ; ▁und ated ) ▁ ▁J . S . ▁Bach : ▁Con cer |
to ▁in ▁C ▁major ▁for ▁Two ▁Cl av iers , ▁B W V ▁ 1 0 6 1 ▁( with ▁G ina ▁Bach auer ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : H ung arian ▁classical ▁pian ists ▁Category : H ung arian ▁women ▁pian ists ▁Category : B rit ish ▁classical ▁pian ists ▁Category : B rit ish ▁women ▁pian ists ▁Category : H ung arian ▁music ▁educ ators ▁Category : B rit ish ▁music ▁educ ators ▁Category : Fr anz ▁Lis zt ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁al umn i ▁Category : J u ill i ard ▁School ▁faculty ▁Category : P iano ▁ped agog ues ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁women ▁musicians ▁Category : W omen ▁classical ▁pian ists <0x0A> </s> ▁G ior gi ▁Sh ashi ash v ili ▁( ▁born ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Georg ian ▁football ▁coach ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁of ▁Georgia . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁all ▁round ▁central ▁def ender ▁who ▁can ▁also ▁play ▁as ▁a ▁right ▁back . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁manager ▁of ▁FC ▁D ila ▁G ori . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) ▁Category : Ge org ia ▁( country ) ▁international ▁football ers |
▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers ▁Category : FC ▁Din amo ▁T bil isi ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Sp art ak ▁Vlad ik av k az ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Ch orn om ore ts ▁O des a ▁players ▁Category : SK ▁St urm ▁G raz ▁players ▁Category : Er got el is ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : R ussian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : U kr ain ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : A ust rian ▁Football ▁Bundes liga ▁players ▁Category : Super ▁League ▁Greece ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : Ex pat ri ates ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Austria ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Greece ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁T bil isi ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ▁managers ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Y ours ▁Fore ver ▁is ▁the ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁American ▁band ▁Atlantic ▁St arr . ▁This ▁album ▁features ▁the ▁hit ▁single ▁" Touch ▁a ▁Four ▁Le af ▁C lo ver ." ▁Y ours ▁Fore ver ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁album ▁to ▁feature ▁Sh aron ▁Bry ant ▁as ▁a ▁lead ▁vocal ist ▁before ▁she ▁depart ed ▁the ▁group ▁to ▁pursue ▁a ▁solo ▁career . ▁This ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁last ▁album ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁by ▁James ▁Anthony ▁Carm |
ichael , ▁who ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁group ' s ▁two ▁previous ▁albums . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁" Y ours ▁Fore ver " ▁( David ▁Lewis ) ▁( 5 : 0 4 ) ▁" Touch ▁A ▁Four ▁Le af ▁C lo ver " ▁( David ▁Lewis , ▁Wayne ▁Lewis ) ▁( 4 : 3 8 ) ▁" More , ▁More , ▁More " ▁( Sam ▁De es ) ▁( 4 : 4 2 ) ▁" I ▁Want ▁Your ▁Love " ▁( J on athan ▁Lewis , ▁Wayne ▁Lewis ) ▁( 4 : 5 2 ) ▁" Second ▁To ▁None " ▁( Sh aron ▁Bry ant , ▁Joseph ▁Phillips ) ▁( 4 : 3 8 ) ▁" Is land ▁Dream " ▁( David ▁Lewis , ▁Wayne ▁Lewis ) ▁( 4 : 4 9 ) ▁" Who ▁Could ▁Love ▁You ▁Better ?" ▁( Cl iff ord ▁Ar cher , ▁Wayne ▁Lewis ) ▁( 4 : 3 0 ) ▁" More ▁Time ▁For ▁Me " ▁( Max i ▁Anderson , ▁Nick i ▁Johnson ) ▁( 3 : 4 2 ) ▁" Try in '" ▁( D eb or ah ▁Thomas , ▁David ▁Co chr ane ) ▁( 3 : 2 8 ) ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Kor an ▁Daniel s ▁- ▁sa x oph one ▁ ▁Joseph ▁Phillips ▁- ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Wayne ▁Lewis ▁- ▁key boards , ▁vocals ▁ ▁Cl iff ord ▁Ar cher ▁- ▁bass ▁ ▁William ▁Sud d eth ▁III ▁- ▁trump et ▁ ▁Jonathan ▁Lewis ▁- ▁t rom bone ▁ ▁Sh aron |
▁Bry ant ▁- ▁vocals ▁ ▁David ▁Lewis ▁- ▁guitar , ▁vocals ▁ ▁P orter ▁Car roll , ▁Jr . ▁- ▁drums , ▁vocals ▁ ▁Michael ▁Bod d icker , ▁Greg ▁Ph illing anes ▁- ▁additional ▁synt hes izers ▁ ▁Paul inho ▁Da ▁Costa ▁- ▁additional ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Cal vin ▁Harris , ▁Fred ▁Law , ▁Bruce ▁Rob b ins , ▁Ralph ▁S utton ▁- ▁recording ▁engineer ▁ ▁Cal vin ▁Harris ▁- ▁mixing ▁ ▁Bernie ▁Grund man ▁- ▁master ing ▁ ▁D iem ▁Jones , ▁R oder ick ▁Taylor ▁- ▁photography ▁ ▁R oder ick ▁Taylor ▁- ▁art ▁direction ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : At l antic ▁St arr ▁albums ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁albums ▁Category : A & M ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism ▁( ▁Y ah ad ut ▁Human ist it ) ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁Jewish ▁movement ▁that ▁offers ▁a ▁n ont he istic ▁alternative ▁in ▁contemporary ▁Jewish ▁life . ▁It ▁defines ▁Jud a ism ▁as ▁the ▁cultural ▁and ▁historical ▁experience ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁people . ▁It ▁encour ages ▁human istic ▁and ▁sec ular ▁Jews ▁to ▁celebrate ▁their ▁Jewish ▁identity ▁by ▁participating ▁in ▁Jewish ▁holidays ▁and ▁lif ecycle ▁events ▁( such ▁as ▁wed dings ▁and ▁bar ▁and ▁bat ▁mit z v ah s ) ▁with ▁inspir ational ▁ceremon ies ▁that ▁draw ▁upon ▁but ▁go ▁beyond ▁traditional ▁literature . ▁Its ▁philosoph ical ▁foundation ▁includes ▁the ▁following ▁ideas : ▁ ▁A ▁Jew ▁is ▁someone ▁who ▁ident ifies ▁with ▁the ▁history , ▁culture , ▁and ▁future ▁of ▁the |
▁Jewish ▁people ; ▁ ▁Jud a ism ▁is ▁the ▁historic ▁culture ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁people , ▁and ▁religion ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁part ▁of ▁that ▁culture ; ▁ ▁Jewish ▁identity ▁is ▁best ▁preserved ▁in ▁a ▁free , ▁plural istic ▁environment ; ▁ ▁People ▁possess ▁the ▁power ▁and ▁responsibility ▁to ▁shape ▁their ▁own ▁lives ▁independent ▁of ▁super natural ▁authority ; ▁ ▁Eth ics ▁and ▁mor ality ▁should ▁serve ▁human ▁needs , ▁and ▁choices ▁should ▁be ▁based ▁upon ▁consideration ▁of ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁actions ▁rather ▁than ▁pre - ord ained ▁rules ▁or ▁command ments ; ▁ ▁Jewish ▁history , ▁like ▁all ▁history , ▁is ▁a ▁human ▁s aga , ▁a ▁test ament ▁to ▁the ▁significance ▁of ▁human ▁power ▁and ▁human ▁responsibility . ▁B iblical ▁and ▁other ▁traditional ▁texts ▁are ▁the ▁products ▁of ▁human ▁activity ▁and ▁are ▁best ▁understood ▁through ▁archae ology ▁and ▁other ▁scientific ▁analysis . ▁ ▁The ▁freedom ▁and ▁dignity ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁people ▁must ▁go ▁hand ▁in ▁hand ▁with ▁the ▁freedom ▁and ▁dignity ▁of ▁every ▁human ▁being . ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁In ▁its ▁current ▁form , ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁by ▁Rab bi ▁Sher win ▁W ine . ▁As ▁a ▁rab bi ▁trained ▁in ▁Re form ▁Jud a ism , ▁with ▁a ▁small ▁sec ular , ▁non - the istic ▁congreg ation ▁in ▁Michigan , ▁W ine ▁developed ▁a ▁Jewish ▁lit ur gy ▁that ▁reflected ▁his ▁and ▁his ▁congreg ation ' s ▁philosoph ical ▁view point ▁by ▁emphas izing ▁Jewish ▁culture , ▁history , |
▁and ▁identity ▁along ▁with ▁Human istic ▁eth ics , ▁while ▁excl uding ▁all ▁prayers ▁and ▁references ▁to ▁God . ▁This ▁congreg ation ▁developed ▁into ▁the ▁Birmingham ▁Temple , ▁now ▁in ▁Farm ington ▁Hills , ▁Michigan . ▁It ▁was ▁soon ▁joined ▁by ▁a ▁previously ▁Re form ▁congreg ation ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁group ▁in ▁West port , ▁Connecticut . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁these ▁congreg ations ▁and ▁others ▁were ▁united ▁organization ally ▁under ▁the ▁u mbre lla ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁for ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism ▁( SH J ). ▁The ▁Society ▁for ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism ▁has ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁members ▁in ▁ 3 0 ▁congreg ations ▁spread ▁throughout ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada . ▁ ▁The ▁International ▁Institute ▁for ▁Sec ular ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁academic ▁and ▁intellectual ▁center ▁of ▁Human istic ▁Jud a ism . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁Jerusalem ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁currently ▁has ▁two ▁centers ▁of ▁activity : ▁one ▁in ▁Jerusalem ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁in ▁Lincoln shire , ▁IL . ▁Rab bi ▁Adam ▁Ch alom ▁is ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁de an . ▁The ▁Institute ▁offers ▁professional ▁training ▁programs ▁for ▁Sp okes pers ons , ▁Educ ators , ▁Lead ers ▁( also ▁referred ▁to ▁in ▁He brew ▁as ▁mad rik him / ot ▁or ▁in ▁Y idd ish ▁as ▁ve g v ay zer ), ▁and ▁R abb is , ▁in |
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