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▁can ▁ann ih il ate ▁and ▁transform ▁into ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁two ▁neutral ▁p ions ▁( or ▁two ▁phot ons ), ▁i . e . ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁identical ▁particles , ▁we ▁are ▁faced ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁complex ▁situation , ▁which ▁has ▁to ▁be ▁handled ▁within ▁the ▁second ▁quant isation ▁approach . ▁This ▁leads , ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁kind ▁of ▁B ose – E in stein ▁correl ations , ▁namely ▁between ▁positive ▁and ▁negative ▁p ions , ▁al beit ▁much ▁we aker ▁than ▁that ▁between ▁two ▁positive ▁or ▁two ▁negative ▁p ions . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁such ▁correlation ▁between ▁a ▁charged ▁and ▁a ▁neutral ▁p ion . ▁Lo os ely ▁speaking ▁a ▁positive ▁and ▁a ▁negative ▁p ion ▁are ▁less ▁une qual ▁than ▁a ▁positive ▁and ▁a ▁neutral ▁p ion . ▁Similarly ▁the ▁B EC ▁between ▁two ▁neutral ▁p ions ▁are ▁somewhat ▁stronger ▁than ▁those ▁between ▁two ▁ident ically ▁charged ▁ones : ▁in ▁other ▁words ▁two ▁neutral ▁p ions ▁are ▁“ more ▁identical ” ▁than ▁two ▁negative ▁( pos itive ) ▁p ions . ▁ ▁The ▁surprising ▁nature ▁of ▁these ▁special ▁B EC ▁effects ▁made ▁head lines ▁in ▁the ▁literature . ▁These ▁effects ▁illustr ate ▁the ▁superior ity ▁of ▁the ▁field ▁theoretical ▁second ▁quant isation ▁approach ▁as ▁compared ▁with ▁the ▁wave ▁function ▁formal ism . ▁They ▁also ▁illustr ate ▁the ▁limitations ▁of ▁the ▁anal ogy ▁between ▁optical ▁and ▁particle ▁physics ▁inter fer ometry : ▁They ▁prove ▁that ▁B ose – E in stein ▁correl ations ▁between ▁two ▁phot |
ons ▁are ▁different ▁from ▁those ▁between ▁two ▁ident ically ▁charged ▁p ions , ▁an ▁issue ▁which ▁had ▁led ▁to ▁misunder stand ings ▁in ▁the ▁theoretical ▁literature ▁and ▁which ▁was ▁el uc id ated ▁in ▁. ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Part icle ▁physics ▁Category : Al bert ▁Einstein ▁Category : B os ons <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁television ▁timeout ▁( altern ately ▁TV ▁timeout ▁or ▁media ▁timeout ) ▁is ▁a ▁break ▁in ▁a ▁telev ised ▁live ▁event ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁television ▁broadcast ing . ▁This ▁allows ▁commercial ▁broad cas ters ▁to ▁take ▁an ▁advertising ▁break , ▁or ▁issue ▁their ▁required ▁hour ly ▁station ▁identification , ▁without ▁causing ▁viewers ▁to ▁miss ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁action . ▁ ▁Program s ▁making ▁use ▁of ▁time outs ▁are ▁usually ▁live - action ▁sport ing ▁events . ▁However , ▁other ▁live ▁programs ▁occasionally ▁make ▁use ▁of ▁time outs ▁for ▁advertising ▁purposes , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Academy ▁Awards ▁and ▁the ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est . ▁ ▁Use ▁by ▁sport ▁ ▁American ▁football ▁( N FL ): ▁The ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁requires ▁twenty ▁commercial ▁breaks ▁per ▁game ▁or ▁ 1 6 ▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season , ▁with ▁ten ▁or ▁ 8 ▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season ▁in ▁each ▁half . ▁( Ex ceptions ▁to ▁this ▁are ▁over time ▁periods , ▁which ▁have ▁none .) ▁These ▁breaks ▁run ▁either ▁a ▁minute , ▁or ▁two ▁minutes ▁in ▁length . ▁Of ▁the ▁ten ▁commercial ▁breaks ▁per ▁half ▁or ▁ 8 |
▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season , ▁two ▁are ▁mandatory : ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁or ▁third ▁quarter , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁two - minute ▁warning ▁for ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁half . ▁The ▁remaining ▁eight ▁or ▁ 6 ▁breaks ▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season ▁are ▁optional . ▁The ▁time outs ▁can ▁be ▁applied ▁after ▁field ▁goal ▁tries , ▁conversion ▁attempts ▁for ▁both ▁one ▁and ▁two ▁points ▁following ▁touchdown s , ▁changes ▁in ▁possession ▁either ▁by ▁pun ts ▁or ▁turno vers , ▁and ▁kick offs ▁( except ▁for ▁the ▁ones ▁that ▁start ▁each ▁half , ▁or ▁are ▁within ▁the ▁last ▁five ▁minutes ). ▁The ▁breaks ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁during ▁stop pages ▁due ▁to ▁injury , ▁instant ▁re play ▁challenges , ▁when ▁either ▁of ▁the ▁participating ▁teams ▁uses ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁set ▁of ▁time outs , ▁and ▁if ▁the ▁network ▁needs ▁to ▁catch ▁up ▁on ▁its ▁commercial ▁advertis ement ▁schedule . ▁The ▁arrangement ▁for ▁college ▁football ▁cont ests ▁is ▁the ▁same , ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁the ▁two - minute ▁warning . ▁Association ▁football ▁( S oc cer ): ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁continuous ▁live ▁action ▁from ▁opening ▁kick ▁throughout ▁a ▁half ▁to ▁the ▁whist le ▁at ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁stop page ▁time , ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁formal ▁television ▁time outs ▁or ▁commercial ▁breaks ; ▁however , ▁the ▁interval ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁hal ves ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 1 5 ▁minutes . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁commercial ▁breaks ▁during ▁any ▁extra ▁periods ▁or ▁during ▁any ▁penalty |
▁shoot outs ▁in ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁matches ; ▁however , ▁a ▁television ▁timeout ▁may ▁happen ▁between ▁the ▁second ▁period ▁of ▁extra ▁time ▁and ▁the ▁penalty ▁shoot out , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁broad c aster . ▁ ▁Base ball : ▁No ▁formal ▁television ▁timeout , ▁but ▁the ▁interval ▁between ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁a ▁half - in ning ▁is ▁set ▁between ▁two ▁and ▁three ▁minutes ▁for ▁telev ised ▁games , ▁and ▁during ▁pitch ing ▁changes ▁that ▁happen ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁an ▁in ning ▁for ▁the ▁pitch er ▁to ▁warm ▁up . ▁ ▁Basket ball ▁ ▁College ▁men : ▁At ▁the ▁first ▁dead ▁ball ▁after ▁ 4 - minute ▁intervals ▁( be yond ▁the ▁ 1 6 : 0 0 , ▁ 1 2 : 0 0 , ▁ 8 : 0 0 ▁and ▁ 4 : 0 0 ▁minute ▁mark ▁of ▁each ▁half ). ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁first ▁ 3 0 - second ▁team ▁timeout ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁is ▁expanded ▁to ▁a ▁television ▁timeout . ▁If ▁free ▁throws ▁are ▁to ▁be ▁shot , ▁a ▁timeout ▁is ▁taken ▁first . ▁Effect ive ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season , ▁when ▁a ▁team ▁calls ▁a ▁timeout ▁within ▁the ▁ 3 0 - second ▁window ▁before ▁the ▁next ▁scheduled ▁TV ▁timeout ▁break , ▁the ▁called ▁timeout ▁takes ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁scheduled ▁TV ▁timeout . ▁A ▁similar ▁rule ▁in ▁the ▁NBA ▁is ▁used ▁when ▁a ▁ 2 0 - second ▁timeout ▁is ▁called ▁but ▁a ▁team ' s ▁mandatory ▁timeout ▁point |
▁has ▁been ▁reached . ▁ ▁College ▁women ▁and ▁FI BA : ▁Media ▁time outs ▁are ▁taken ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁dead ▁ball ▁after ▁the ▁ 5 : 0 0 ▁mark ▁in ▁each ▁quarter . ▁Any ▁called ▁timeout ▁before ▁the ▁ 5 - minute ▁mark ▁of ▁a ▁quarter ▁becomes ▁the ▁media ▁timeout . ▁ ▁Organ is ers ▁have ▁the ▁option ▁in ▁FI BA ▁play ▁to ▁implement ▁a ▁television ▁timeout ▁at ▁the ▁next ▁dead ▁ball ▁following ▁the ▁same ▁point . ▁ ▁NBA : ▁There ▁must ▁be ▁two ▁time outs ▁in ▁each ▁quarter . ▁In ▁each ▁quarter , ▁if ▁no ▁team ▁has ▁called ▁a ▁timeout ▁before ▁the ▁ 6 : 5 9 ▁mark , ▁a ▁timeout ▁is ▁charged ▁to ▁the ▁home ▁team , ▁and ▁if ▁no ▁subsequent ▁timeout ▁is ▁taken ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 : 5 9 ▁mark , ▁a ▁timeout ▁is ▁charged ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁not ▁previously ▁charged ▁with ▁a ▁timeout . ▁The ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁time outs ▁in ▁each ▁quarter ▁are ▁two ▁minutes ▁ 4 5 ▁seconds ▁for ▁locally ▁telev ised ▁games , ▁and ▁three ▁minutes ▁ 1 5 ▁seconds ▁for ▁nation ally ▁telev ised ▁games . ▁Other ▁time outs ▁in ▁a ▁quarter ▁are ▁one ▁minute ▁ 1 5 ▁seconds ▁in ▁length . ▁ ▁Bow ling : ▁V aries . ▁▁ ▁Cr icket : ▁ ▁Gener ally ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁some ▁overs ▁as ▁the ▁field ▁sw itches ▁around , ▁when ▁a ▁w icket ▁falls , ▁during ▁drinks ▁breaks ▁and ▁during ▁intervals . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁Indian |
▁Premier ▁League ▁of ▁Twenty 2 0 ▁cricket , ▁the ▁halfway ▁point ▁of ▁each ▁inn ings ▁contained ▁a ▁seven - and - a - half ▁minute ▁stop page ▁of ▁play , ▁two - third s ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁devoted ▁to ▁advertising ▁time . ▁After ▁complaints ▁by ▁viewers ▁and ▁players ▁( crit ic izing ▁its ▁use ▁as ▁an ▁extended ▁commercial ▁break , ▁and ▁for ▁breaking ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁the ▁game ), ▁these ▁breaks ▁were ▁replaced ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁by ▁two ▁comp uls ory ▁" str ateg ic ▁time outs " ▁of ▁two - and - a - half ▁minutes ▁per ▁inn ings . ▁One ▁must ▁be ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁bow ling ▁team ▁between ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁to ▁ 1 0 th ▁overs , ▁and ▁the ▁batt ing ▁team ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁to ▁ 1 6 th ▁overs . ▁▁ ▁Cur ling : ▁at ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁each ▁end . ▁The ▁game ▁generally ▁res umes ▁before ▁the ▁commercial ▁break ▁ends , ▁so ▁when ▁the ▁broadcast ▁comes ▁back ▁on ▁a ▁few ▁rocks ▁will ▁have ▁already ▁been ▁thrown . ▁ ▁Ice ▁hockey ▁ ▁N HL : ▁Commercial ▁time - outs ▁are ▁taken ▁after ▁ 4 - minute ▁intervals ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁stop pages ▁of ▁play ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 4 : 0 0 , ▁ 1 0 : 0 0 ▁and ▁ 6 : 0 0 ▁marks ▁in ▁each ▁period ▁when ▁both ▁teams ▁are ▁at ▁even ▁strength . ▁However , ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁commercial ▁time - outs ▁after ▁a ▁goal , ▁after ▁an |
▁ icing , ▁during ▁a ▁power - play , ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁ 3 0 ▁seconds ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁period ▁or ▁last ▁two ▁minutes ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁period . ▁ ▁Also , ▁there ▁must ▁be ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁minute ▁of ▁play ▁between ▁commercial ▁time - outs ▁and ▁an ▁effort ▁must ▁be ▁done ▁to ▁identify ▁the ▁situations ▁where ▁a ▁video ▁review ▁might ▁happen ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁NOT ▁go ▁into ▁a ▁commercial ▁time - out . ▁During ▁outdoor ▁games , ▁a ▁hard ▁TV ▁timeout ▁is ▁called ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 0 : 0 0 ▁mark ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁period , ▁and ▁play ▁is ▁immediately ▁stopped ▁( as ▁they ▁need ▁to ▁change ▁ends ▁of ▁the ▁ice ▁to ▁ensure ▁fair ness ). ▁Additionally ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁time outs , ▁commercial ▁or ▁team , ▁granted ▁during ▁a ▁shoot out . ▁Due ▁to ▁these ▁restrictions , ▁it ▁is ▁ ▁possible ▁that ▁not ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁scheduled ▁breaks ▁are ▁taken , ▁in ▁which ▁case ▁sometimes ▁a ▁network ▁will ▁take ▁a ▁timeout ▁at ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁for ▁it ▁before ▁signing ▁off ▁on ▁the ▁broadcast . ▁During ▁over time , ▁television ▁time outs ▁are ▁taken ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁situations : ▁In ▁the ▁pre season ▁and ▁the ▁regular ▁season , ▁between ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁over time ▁period ▁and ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁shoot out . ▁No ▁television ▁time outs ▁are ▁taken ▁during ▁the ▁over time ▁period . ▁In ▁the ▁post season , ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁stop page ▁of ▁play ▁after ▁the ▁halfway ▁point ▁in |
▁the ▁over time ▁period . ▁Mot ors ports : ▁Most ▁races ▁are ▁unable ▁to ▁accommodate ▁television ▁time outs , ▁but ▁certain ▁events , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁NAS C AR ▁Camp ing ▁World ▁Tru ck ▁Series , ▁events ▁are ▁structured ▁with ▁a ▁safety ▁car ▁after ▁ 2 0 ▁minutes ▁of ▁green ▁flag ▁action ▁to ▁help ▁in exper i enced ▁drivers ▁ac cl imate ▁themselves ▁with ▁pit ▁stops ▁( full ▁green ▁flag ▁pit ▁stops ▁are ▁discour aged ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁help ▁younger ▁drivers ▁gain ▁experience ▁with ▁live ▁pit ▁stops ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁controlled ▁environment ). ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁al lev iate ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁television ▁timeout ▁periods , ▁technology ▁such ▁as ▁Side - By - Side ▁has ▁been ▁introduced . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁S print ▁All - Star ▁Race , ▁commercial s ▁are ▁only ▁taken ▁between ▁periods ▁after ▁the ▁pit ▁stop , ▁or ▁during ▁safety ▁car ▁situations . ▁ ▁T ennis : ▁during ▁the ▁break ▁after ▁odd - number ed ▁games ▁when ▁players ▁change ▁ends . ▁ ▁Vol ley ball ▁and ▁beach ▁vol ley ball : ▁in ▁vol ley ball ▁games ▁governed ▁by ▁F IV B , ▁television ▁time outs ▁are ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁technical ▁time - outs ▁and ▁occur ▁during ▁each ▁non - t ie - breaking ▁set . ▁ ▁Use ▁by ▁other ▁live ▁events ▁ ▁The ▁Academy ▁Awards ▁and ▁other ▁award ▁ceremon ies ▁that ▁are ▁broadcast ▁live ▁have ▁media ▁time outs ▁at ▁regular ▁intervals . ▁During ▁this ▁time , ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁audience ▁may ▁vac ate ▁their ▁seats ▁for ▁various ▁reasons ▁( |
such ▁as ▁getting ▁refresh ments , ▁going ▁to ▁the ▁bathroom , ▁going ▁back stage ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁presentation , ▁etc .) ▁and ▁seat ▁fill ers ▁then ▁sc ram ble ▁to ▁make ▁sure ▁the ▁entire ▁theater ▁or ▁venue ▁remains ▁full ▁for ▁the ▁TV ▁cameras . ▁ ▁Each ▁participating ▁broad c aster ▁of ▁the ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁is ▁required ▁to ▁broadcast ▁the ▁show ▁in ▁its ▁entire ty : ▁including ▁all ▁songs , ▁rec ap , ▁voting ▁and ▁re prise , ▁skip ping ▁only ▁the ▁interval ▁act ▁for ▁advertising ▁breaks ▁if ▁they ▁wish . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁broad cas ters ▁who ▁wished ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁were ▁given ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁take ▁more ▁advertising ▁breaks ▁as ▁short , ▁non - ess ential ▁hi atus es ▁were ▁introduced . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Time out ▁Time out ▁Category : Term in ology ▁used ▁in ▁multiple ▁sports <0x0A> </s> ▁Par co ▁natur ale ▁del ▁S asso ▁Sim one ▁e ▁Simon c ello ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁regional ▁park ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁Is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁parks ▁established ▁by ▁Mar che . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁The ▁landscape ▁presents ▁hills ▁and ▁low ▁mountains . ▁The ▁highest ▁summit ▁is ▁Mount ▁Car peg na , ▁ 1 4 1 5 ▁meters ▁above ▁the ▁sea ▁level . ▁ ▁Anim als ▁ ▁Bird s ▁ ▁Pl ants ▁ ▁Municipal ities ▁The ▁park ▁is ▁across ▁the ▁following ▁municipal ities : ▁Car peg na , ▁Front ino , ▁Monte cop i olo , |
▁Penn ab ill i , ▁Pi and ime le to , ▁Piet rar ub bia . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁Many ▁outdoor ▁activities ▁are ▁possible ▁within ▁the ▁park ▁including , ▁Tre k king ▁Cycl ing ▁Bird ▁watching ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Mar che ▁S asso ▁Sim one ▁e ▁Simon c ello ▁S asso ▁Sim one ▁e ▁Simon c ello ▁S asso ▁Sim one ▁e ▁Simon c ello ▁S asso ▁Sim one ▁e ▁Simon c ello ▁Category : Mon te f elt ro <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁im pe achment ▁of ▁Donald ▁Trump , ▁the ▁ 4 5 th ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁occurred ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁when ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁approved ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁abuse ▁of ▁power ▁and ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress . ▁Trump ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁by ▁the ▁Senate ▁on ▁these ▁two ▁counts ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁on ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Trump ' s ▁im pe achment ▁came ▁after ▁a ▁formal ▁House ▁in quiry ▁alleged ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁sol ic ited ▁foreign ▁interference ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁U . S . ▁presidential ▁election ▁to ▁help ▁his ▁re - election ▁bid , ▁and ▁then ▁ob struct ed ▁the ▁in quiry ▁itself ▁by ▁telling ▁his ▁administration ▁officials ▁to ▁ignore ▁sub po enas ▁for ▁documents ▁and ▁testimony . ▁The ▁in quiry ▁reported ▁that ▁Trump ▁with held ▁military ▁aid ▁and ▁an ▁invitation ▁to ▁the ▁White |
▁House ▁to ▁Ukrain ian ▁president ▁Vol od ym yr ▁Zel ens ky ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁influence ▁Ukraine ▁to ▁announce ▁an ▁investigation ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁Trump ' s ▁political ▁opponents , ▁Joe ▁Biden , ▁and ▁to ▁promote ▁a ▁disc red ited ▁conspiracy ▁theory ▁that ▁Ukraine , ▁not ▁Russia , ▁was ▁behind ▁interference ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁presidential ▁election . ▁ ▁The ▁in quiry ▁stage ▁of ▁Trump ' s ▁im pe achment ▁lasted ▁from ▁September ▁to ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁in ▁the ▁wake ▁of ▁an ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁whist le bl ower ▁complaint ▁alleg ing ▁Trump ' s ▁abuse ▁of ▁power . ▁In ▁October , ▁three ▁congress ional ▁commit te es ▁( Int elligence , ▁O vers ight , ▁and ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ) ▁de posed ▁witnesses . ▁In ▁November , ▁the ▁House ▁Intelligence ▁Committee ▁held ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁public ▁hear ings ▁in ▁which ▁witnesses ▁test ified ▁publicly ; ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁the ▁committee ▁voted ▁ 1 3 – 9 ▁along ▁party ▁lines ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁final ▁report . ▁A ▁set ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁hear ings ▁before ▁the ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁began ▁on ▁December ▁ 4 ; ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 3 , ▁it ▁voted ▁ 2 3 – 1 7 ▁along ▁party ▁lines ▁to ▁recommend ▁two ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment , ▁for ▁abuse ▁of ▁power ▁and ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress . ▁The ▁committee ▁released ▁a ▁length y ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁articles ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 . |
▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁the ▁full ▁House ▁approved ▁both ▁articles ▁in ▁a ▁mostly ▁party - line ▁vote , ▁with ▁all ▁Republicans ▁oppos ing ▁along ▁with ▁three ▁Democrats . ▁This ▁made ▁Trump ▁the ▁third ▁U . S . ▁president ▁in ▁history ▁to ▁be ▁im pe ached ▁and ▁marked ▁the ▁first ▁fully ▁part isan ▁im pe achment ▁where ▁a ▁U . S . ▁president ▁was ▁im pe ached ▁without ▁support ▁from ▁the ▁President ' s ▁own ▁party ▁( though ▁independent ▁representative ▁Justin ▁Am ash , ▁who ▁voted ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁on ▁both ▁articles , ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁a ▁Republican ▁until ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 ). ▁ ▁The ▁articles ▁were ▁submitted ▁to ▁the ▁Senate ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁initi ating ▁the ▁trial . ▁The ▁trial ▁saw ▁no ▁witnesses ▁or ▁documents ▁being ▁sub po ena ed , ▁as ▁Republican ▁sen ators ▁rejected ▁attempts ▁to ▁introduce ▁sub po enas ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 1 ▁while ▁arr anging ▁for ▁trial ▁procedures , ▁and ▁then ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 1 ▁after ▁a ▁debate . ▁On ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁Trump ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁on ▁both ▁counts ▁by ▁the ▁Senate ▁as ▁neither ▁count ▁received ▁ 6 7 ▁votes ▁to ▁conv ict . ▁On ▁Article ▁I , ▁abuse ▁of ▁power , ▁ 4 8 ▁sen ators ▁voted ▁for ▁conviction , ▁while ▁ 5 2 ▁sen ators ▁voted ▁for ▁acqu itt al . ▁On ▁Article ▁II , ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress , ▁ 4 7 ▁sen ators ▁voted ▁for ▁conviction |
, ▁while ▁ 5 3 ▁sen ators ▁voted ▁to ▁acqu it . ▁Republican ▁M itt ▁Rom ney , ▁the ▁only ▁sen ator ▁to ▁break ▁party ▁lines , ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁U . S ▁sen ator ▁to ▁vote ▁to ▁conv ict ▁a ▁president ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁party ▁in ▁an ▁im pe achment ▁trial , ▁as ▁he ▁voted ▁for ▁conviction ▁on ▁abuse ▁of ▁power . ▁ ▁Two ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁acqu itt al , ▁Trump ▁fired ▁two ▁witnesses , ▁Gordon ▁S ond land ▁and ▁Alexander ▁V ind man , ▁who ▁had ▁in ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁test ified ▁about ▁his ▁conduct . ▁V ind man ' s ▁brother ▁was ▁also ▁fired . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Donald ▁Trump ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁U . S . ▁president ▁to ▁be ▁im pe ached ▁by ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives , ▁after ▁Andrew ▁Johnson ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁and ▁Bill ▁Clinton ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁Before ▁Trump , ▁Johnson ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁president ▁to ▁be ▁im pe ached ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁term . ▁The ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁also ▁voted ▁to ▁adopt ▁three ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁against ▁Richard ▁Nixon , ▁but ▁he ▁resigned ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁full ▁House ▁vote . ▁The ▁Senate ▁voted ▁to ▁acqu it ▁both ▁Johnson ▁and ▁Clinton ▁in ▁their ▁trials . ▁ ▁Congress ' ▁first ▁efforts ▁to ▁im pe ach ▁Trump ▁were ▁initiated ▁by ▁Democratic ▁representatives ▁Al ▁Green ▁and ▁Brad ▁Sher man ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 |
, ▁an ▁im pe achment ▁resolution ▁failed ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 8 – 3 6 4 ▁vote ▁margin . ▁Following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁elections , ▁the ▁Democrats ▁gained ▁a ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁and ▁launched ▁multiple ▁investig ations ▁into ▁Trump ' s ▁actions ▁and ▁fin ances . ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁Nancy ▁Pel osi ▁initially ▁res isted ▁calls ▁for ▁im pe achment . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁however , ▁she ▁indicated ▁that ▁Trump ' s ▁continued ▁actions , ▁which ▁she ▁characterized ▁as ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice ▁and ▁ref usal ▁to ▁honor ▁congress ional ▁sub po enas , ▁might ▁make ▁an ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁necessary . ▁ ▁Invest ig ations ▁into ▁various ▁sc and als ▁in ▁the ▁Trump ▁administration , ▁which ▁might ▁lead ▁to ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment , ▁were ▁initiated ▁by ▁various ▁house ▁congress ional ▁commit te es , ▁led ▁by ▁Nancy ▁Pel osi , ▁and ▁began ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁A ▁formal ▁im pe achment ▁investigation ▁began ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁and ▁several ▁sub po enas ▁were ▁issued ; ▁while ▁most ▁were ▁hon ored , ▁several ▁were ▁not . ▁The ▁Trump ▁administration ▁assert ed ▁executive ▁privilege , ▁and ▁this ▁led ▁to ▁several ▁law su its , ▁including ▁In ▁re : ▁Don ▁McG ahn . ▁ ▁Trump – U kr aine ▁scandal ▁ ▁The ▁Trump – U kr aine ▁scandal ▁revol ves ▁around ▁alleged ▁efforts ▁by ▁U . S . ▁president |
▁Donald ▁Trump ▁to ▁il leg ally ▁co er ce ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁other ▁foreign ▁countries ▁into ▁providing ▁dam aging ▁narr atives ▁about ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁presidential ▁primary ▁candidate ▁Joe ▁Biden ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁information ▁relating ▁to ▁Russian ▁interference ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁United ▁States ▁elections . ▁Trump ▁alleg edly ▁en listed ▁sur rog ates ▁within ▁and ▁outside ▁his ▁official ▁administration , ▁including ▁his ▁personal ▁lawyer ▁Rud y ▁Gi ul iani ▁and ▁Attorney ▁General ▁William ▁Barr , ▁to ▁pressure ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁other ▁foreign ▁governments ▁to ▁cooper ate ▁in ▁investig ating ▁conspiracy ▁theories ▁concerning ▁American ▁politics . ▁Trump ▁blocked ▁but ▁later ▁released ▁payment ▁of ▁a ▁congress ion ally ▁mand ated ▁$ 4 0 0 ▁million ▁military ▁aid ▁package ▁to ▁alleg edly ▁obtain ▁qu id ▁pro ▁qu o ▁cooperation ▁from ▁Vol od ym yr ▁Zel ens ky , ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Ukraine . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁contacts ▁were ▁established ▁between ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁and ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁Ukraine , ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁a ▁phone ▁call ▁between ▁Trump ▁and ▁Zel ens ky ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Less ▁than ▁two ▁hours ▁later , ▁on ▁behalf ▁of ▁the ▁president , ▁senior ▁executive ▁budget ▁official ▁Michael ▁D uff ey ▁discre et ly ▁instruct ed ▁the ▁Pent agon ▁to ▁continue ▁with hold ing ▁military ▁aid ▁to ▁Ukraine . ▁ ▁The ▁scandal ▁reached ▁public ▁attention ▁in ▁mid - Se ptember ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁whist le bl ower ▁complaint ▁made ▁in ▁August ▁ |
2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁complaint ▁raised ▁concerns ▁about ▁Trump ▁using ▁presidential ▁powers ▁to ▁sol icit ▁foreign ▁elect oral ▁intervention ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁U . S . ▁presidential ▁election . ▁The ▁Trump ▁White ▁House ▁has ▁cor ro bor ated ▁several ▁alleg ations ▁raised ▁by ▁the ▁whist le bl ower . ▁A ▁non - ver bat im ▁trans cript ▁of ▁the ▁Trump – Z el ens ky ▁call ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Trump ▁requested ▁investig ations ▁into ▁Joe ▁Biden ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁Hunter , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁disc red ited ▁conspiracy ▁theory ▁involving ▁a ▁Democratic ▁National ▁Committee ▁server , ▁while ▁repeatedly ▁urg ing ▁Zel ens ky ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁Gi ul iani ▁and ▁Barr ▁on ▁these ▁matters . ▁The ▁White ▁House ▁also ▁confirmed ▁that ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁the ▁call ▁had ▁been ▁stored ▁in ▁a ▁highly ▁restricted ▁system . ▁White ▁House ▁acting ▁chief ▁of ▁staff ▁M ick ▁Mul van ey ▁said ▁one ▁reason ▁why ▁Trump ▁with held ▁military ▁aid ▁to ▁Ukraine ▁was ▁Ukrain ian ▁" cor ruption ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁D NC ▁server ", ▁referring ▁to ▁a ▁deb unk ed ▁theory ▁that ▁Ukrain ians ▁fr amed ▁Russia ▁for ▁hack ing ▁into ▁the ▁D NC ▁computer ▁system . ▁After ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁began , ▁Trump ▁publicly ▁urged ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁China ▁to ▁investigate ▁the ▁B id ens . ▁The ▁Trump ▁administration ' s ▁top ▁diplom at ▁to ▁Ukraine , ▁Bill ▁Taylor , ▁test ified ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁told ▁U . S . ▁military ▁aid ▁to ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁a ▁Trump – |
Z el ens ky ▁White ▁House ▁meeting ▁were ▁condition ed ▁on ▁Zel ens ky ▁publicly ▁announ cing ▁investig ations ▁into ▁the ▁B id ens ▁and ▁alleged ▁Ukrain ian ▁interference ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁U . S . ▁elections . ▁United ▁States ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union ▁Gordon ▁S ond land ▁test ified ▁that ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁Gi ul iani ▁at ▁Trump ' s ▁" express ▁direction " ▁to ▁arrange ▁a ▁qu id ▁pro ▁qu o ▁with ▁the ▁Ukraine ▁government . ▁ ▁In quiry ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁evening ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Pel osi ▁announced ▁that ▁six ▁commit te es ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁would ▁begin ▁a ▁formal ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁into ▁President ▁Trump . ▁Pel osi ▁accused ▁Trump ▁of ▁betray ing ▁his ▁o ath ▁of ▁office , ▁U . S . ▁national ▁security , ▁and ▁the ▁integrity ▁of ▁the ▁country ' s ▁elections . ▁The ▁six ▁commit te es ▁charged ▁with ▁the ▁task ▁were ▁those ▁on ▁Financial ▁Services , ▁the ▁Jud ici ary , ▁Intelligence , ▁Foreign ▁Affairs , ▁O vers ight ▁and ▁Re form , ▁and ▁W ays ▁and ▁Me ans . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁three ▁congress ional ▁commit te es ▁( Int elligence , ▁O vers ight , ▁and ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ) ▁de posed ▁witnesses ▁including ▁Amb assador ▁Taylor , ▁Laura ▁Cooper ▁( the ▁deputy ▁assistant ▁secretary ▁of ▁defense ▁for ▁Russian , ▁Ukrain ian ▁and ▁E uras ian ▁affairs |
), ▁and ▁former ▁White ▁House ▁official ▁F iona ▁Hill . ▁W itness es ▁test ified ▁that ▁they ▁believed ▁that ▁President ▁Trump ▁wanted ▁Zel ens ky ▁to ▁publicly ▁announce ▁investig ations ▁into ▁the ▁B id ens ▁and ▁Bur is ma ▁( a ▁Ukrain ian ▁natural ▁gas ▁company ▁on ▁whose ▁board ▁Hunter ▁Biden ▁had ▁served ) ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁election ▁interference . ▁On ▁October ▁ 8 , ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁from ▁White ▁House ▁counsel ▁Pat ▁C ip oll one ▁to ▁House ▁speaker ▁Pel osi , ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁officially ▁responded ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁cooper ate ▁with ▁the ▁investigation ▁due ▁to ▁concerns ▁including ▁that ▁there ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁been ▁a ▁vote ▁of ▁the ▁full ▁House ▁and ▁that ▁interviews ▁of ▁witnesses ▁were ▁being ▁conducted ▁behind ▁closed ▁doors . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁Mul van ey ▁said , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁reporter ' s ▁alleg ation ▁of ▁qu id ▁pro ▁qu o : ▁" We ▁do ▁that ▁all ▁the ▁time ▁with ▁foreign ▁policy . ▁Get ▁over ▁it ." ▁He ▁walked ▁back ▁his ▁comments ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁day , ▁assert ing ▁that ▁there ▁had ▁been ▁" abs olutely ▁no ▁qu id ▁pro ▁qu o " ▁and ▁that ▁Trump ▁had ▁with held ▁military ▁aid ▁to ▁Ukraine ▁over ▁concerns ▁of ▁the ▁country ' s ▁corruption . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Massachusetts ▁representative ▁Jim ▁McG overn ▁introduced ▁a ▁resolution , ▁referred ▁to ▁House ▁Rules ▁Committee , ▁which ▁set ▁forth ▁the ▁" format ▁of ▁open ▁hear ings |
▁in ▁the ▁House ▁Intelligence ▁Committee , ▁including ▁staff - led ▁questioning ▁of ▁witnesses , ▁and ▁[ author ization ▁for ] ▁the ▁public ▁release ▁of ▁de position ▁trans cript s ". ▁This ▁resolution , ▁formally ▁author izing ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry , ▁was ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁House ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁by ▁a ▁vote ▁of ▁ 2 3 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁House ▁Intelligence ▁Committee ▁held ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁public ▁hear ings ▁in ▁which ▁witnesses ▁test ified ▁publicly . ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Kent ▁test ified ▁publicly . ▁Amb assador ▁Marie ▁Y ovan ov itch ▁test ified ▁before ▁the ▁committee ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Alexander ▁V ind man , ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Council ' s ▁head ▁of ▁European ▁affairs , ▁and ▁Jennifer ▁Williams , ▁Vice ▁President ▁Mike ▁P ence ' s ▁chief ▁European ▁security ▁adv iser , ▁test ified ▁together ▁on ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Later ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁Kurt ▁Vol ker , ▁the ▁former ▁U . S . ▁special ▁representative ▁for ▁Ukraine , ▁and ▁Tim ▁Mor r ison , ▁the ▁former ▁national ▁security ▁presidential ▁adv iser ▁on ▁Europe ▁and ▁Russia , ▁gave ▁public ▁testimony ▁before ▁the ▁House ▁Intelligence ▁Committee . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Amb assador ▁S |
ond land ▁test ified ▁that ▁he ▁conducted ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁Gi ul iani ▁at ▁the ▁" express ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁president ", ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁understood ▁a ▁potential ▁White ▁House ▁invitation ▁for ▁Zel ens ky ▁to ▁be ▁conting ent ▁on ▁Ukraine ▁announ cing ▁investig ations ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁elections ▁and ▁Bur is ma . ▁Later ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁Cooper ▁and ▁David ▁H ale , ▁who ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁under ▁secretary ▁of ▁state ▁for ▁political ▁affairs , ▁test ified ▁joint ly ▁before ▁the ▁committee . ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁F iona ▁Hill who ▁until ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁was ▁the ▁top ▁Russia ▁expert ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Council crit ic ized ▁Republicans ▁for ▁prom ul g ating ▁the ▁" f ict ional ▁narrative " ▁that ▁Ukraine ▁rather ▁than ▁Russia ▁inter fer ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁election , ▁assert ing ▁that ▁the ▁theory ▁was ▁planted ▁by ▁Russia ▁and ▁played ▁into ▁its ▁hands . ▁Test ifying ▁alongside ▁Hill ▁was ▁the ▁current ▁head ▁of ▁political ▁affairs ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Emb assy ▁in ▁Ukraine , ▁David ▁Holmes . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁the ▁House ▁Intelligence ▁Committee ▁voted ▁ 1 3 – 9 ▁along ▁party ▁lines ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁final ▁report ▁and ▁also ▁send ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee . ▁The ▁report ' s ▁pre face ▁states : [ T ] he ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁has ▁found ▁that ▁President ▁Trump |
, ▁personally ▁and ▁acting ▁through ▁agents ▁within ▁and ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁government , ▁sol ic ited ▁the ▁interference ▁of ▁a ▁foreign ▁government , ▁Ukraine , ▁to ▁benefit ▁his ▁re election . ▁In ▁further ance ▁of ▁this ▁scheme , ▁President ▁Trump ▁condition ed ▁official ▁acts ▁on ▁a ▁public ▁announcement ▁by ▁the ▁new ▁Ukrain ian ▁President , ▁Vol od ym yr ▁Zel ens ky , ▁of ▁polit ically - mot iv ated ▁investig ations , ▁including ▁one ▁into ▁President ▁Trump ' s ▁domestic ▁political ▁opponent . ▁In ▁press uring ▁President ▁Zel ens ky ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁his ▁demand , ▁President ▁Trump ▁with held ▁a ▁White ▁House ▁meeting ▁desperately ▁sought ▁by ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁President , ▁and ▁critical ▁U . S . ▁military ▁assistance ▁to ▁fight ▁Russian ▁aggress ion ▁in ▁eastern ▁Ukraine . ▁The ▁Republicans ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁commit te es ▁had ▁released ▁a ▁counter ing ▁report ▁the ▁previous ▁day , ▁saying ▁in ▁part ▁that ▁the ▁evidence ▁does ▁not ▁support ▁accus ations . ▁" The ▁evidence ▁presented ▁does ▁not ▁prove ▁any ▁of ▁these ▁Democrat ▁alleg ations , ▁and ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁Democrats ' ▁witnesses ▁test ified ▁to ▁having ▁evidence ▁of ▁b ri bery , ▁ext ortion , ▁or ▁any ▁high ▁crime ▁or ▁mis d eme an or ," ▁said ▁the ▁draft ▁report . ▁This ▁report ▁also ▁painted ▁the ▁push ▁to ▁im pe achment ▁as ▁solely ▁polit ically ▁motivated . ▁" The ▁Democrats ▁are ▁trying ▁to ▁im pe ach ▁a ▁du ly ▁elected ▁President ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁accus ations ▁and ▁assumptions ▁of ▁une |
lected ▁bureau cr ats ▁who ▁disag reed ▁with ▁President ▁Trump ' s ▁policy ▁initiatives ▁and ▁processes ," ▁the ▁report ' s ▁executive ▁summary ▁states . ▁During ▁the ▁in quiry , ▁the ▁Trump ▁administration ' s ▁public ▁arguments ▁were ▁limited ▁to ▁assert ions ▁the ▁president ▁had ▁done ▁nothing ▁wrong ▁and ▁the ▁process ▁was ▁unfair . ▁ ▁Im pe achment ▁ ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁hear ings ▁▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁Spe aker ▁Pel osi ▁authorized ▁the ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁to ▁begin ▁draft ing ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment . ▁ ▁A ▁set ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁hear ings ▁was ▁brought ▁before ▁the ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee , ▁with ▁Trump ▁and ▁his ▁lawyers ▁being ▁invited ▁to ▁attend . ▁The ▁administration ▁declined , ▁as ▁the ▁president ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁attend ▁a ▁NAT O ▁summit ▁in ▁London . ▁In ▁a ▁second ▁letter ▁on ▁December ▁ 6 , ▁C ip oll one ▁again ▁said ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁will ▁not ▁offer ▁a ▁defense ▁or ▁otherwise ▁participate ▁in ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry , ▁writing ▁to ▁chairman ▁Jerry ▁Nad ler , ▁" As ▁you ▁know , ▁your ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁is ▁completely ▁bas eless ▁and ▁has ▁viol ated ▁basic ▁principles ▁of ▁due ▁process ▁and ▁fundamental ▁fair ness ." ▁Nad ler ▁responded ▁in ▁a ▁statement , ▁" We ▁gave ▁President ▁Trump ▁a ▁fair ▁opportunity ▁to ▁question ▁witnesses ▁and ▁present ▁his ▁own ▁to ▁address ▁the ▁overwhelming ▁evidence ▁before ▁us . ▁After ▁listening ▁to ▁him ▁complain ▁about ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁process , ▁we ▁had ▁hoped ▁that |
▁he ▁might ▁accept ▁our ▁invitation ." ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁hearing , ▁held ▁on ▁December ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁was ▁an ▁academic ▁discussion ▁on ▁the ▁definition ▁of ▁an ▁im pe ach able ▁offense . ▁The ▁witnesses ▁invited ▁by ▁Democrats ▁were ▁law ▁profess ors ▁Noah ▁F eld man ▁from ▁Harvard , ▁Pam ela ▁S . ▁Karl an ▁from ▁Stanford , ▁and ▁Michael ▁Ger hard t ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁Republicans ▁invited ▁Jonathan ▁Tur ley , ▁a ▁constitutional ▁scholar ▁at ▁George ▁Washington ▁University ; ▁Tur ley , ▁who ▁had ▁test ified ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁of ▁President ▁Bill ▁Clinton ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁test ified ▁against ▁im pe aching ▁Trump , ▁c iting ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁evidence . ▁It ▁was ▁observed ▁that ▁he ▁contrad icted ▁his ▁own ▁opinion ▁on ▁im pe achment ▁from ▁when ▁Clinton ▁was ▁on ▁trial . ▁ ▁Pot ential ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁outlined ▁during ▁the ▁hearing ▁include : ▁abuse ▁of ▁power ▁for ▁arr anging ▁a ▁qu id ▁pro ▁qu o ▁with ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Ukraine , ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress ▁for ▁hind ering ▁the ▁House ' s ▁investigation , ▁and ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice ▁for ▁attempting ▁to ▁dismiss ▁Robert ▁Mu eller ▁during ▁his ▁investigation ▁of ▁Russian ▁interference ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁election . ▁On ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁Pel osi ▁requested ▁the ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁draft ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment . ▁After ▁the ▁vote , ▁Pel osi ▁said ▁that ▁while ▁this |
▁was ▁" a ▁great ▁day ▁for ▁the ▁Constitution " ▁it ▁was ▁" a ▁sad ▁day ▁for ▁America ". ▁She ▁also ▁said , ▁" I ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁p rou der ▁or ▁more ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁moral ▁courage ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁Democrats . ▁We ▁never ▁asked ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁how ▁they ▁were ▁going ▁to ▁vote . ▁We ▁never ▁wh ipped ▁this ▁vote ." ▁ ▁Art icles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Democrats ▁on ▁the ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁announced ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁le vy ▁two ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment , ▁designated ▁H . ▁Res . ▁ 7 5 5 : ▁( 1 ) ▁abuse ▁of ▁power , ▁and ▁( 2 ) ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress , ▁in ▁its ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁President ' s ▁conduct ▁regarding ▁Ukraine . ▁D raft ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁articles ▁was ▁released ▁later ▁that ▁day , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁the ▁jud ici ary ▁committee ▁out lin ing ▁the ▁constitutional ▁case ▁for ▁im pe achment ▁and ▁assert ing ▁that ▁" im pe achment ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁democratic ▁govern ance ." ▁The ▁committee ▁planned ▁to ▁vote ▁on ▁the ▁articles ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁but ▁post pon ed ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 4 - hour ▁part isan ▁debate ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁articles ▁lasted ▁until ▁after ▁ 1 1 : 0 0 p . m . ▁E ST . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 3 , ▁the |
▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁voted ▁along ▁party ▁lines ▁to ▁pass ▁both ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ; ▁both ▁articles ▁passed ▁ 2 3 – 1 7 , ▁with ▁all ▁Democrats ▁present ▁voting ▁in ▁support ▁and ▁all ▁Republicans ▁voting ▁in ▁opposition . ▁Democrat ▁Ted ▁Lie u ▁was ▁ill ▁and ▁not ▁present ▁to ▁vote . ▁ ▁The ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁released ▁a ▁ 6 5 8 - page ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 . ▁It ▁spec ifies ▁criminal ▁b ri bery ▁and ▁wire ▁fraud ▁charges ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁abuse ▁of ▁power ▁article . ▁ ▁The ▁articles ▁were ▁forward ed ▁to ▁the ▁full ▁House ▁for ▁debate ▁and ▁a ▁vote ▁on ▁whether ▁to ▁im pe ach ▁the ▁president ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 . ▁ ▁House ▁vote ▁ ▁Article ▁I , ▁Section ▁ 2 , ▁Cl ause ▁ 5 ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Constitution ▁stated ▁that ▁" The ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ... ▁shall ▁have ▁the ▁sole ▁Power ▁of ▁Im pe achment ." ▁ ▁The ▁House ▁Rules ▁Committee ▁held ▁a ▁hearing ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁rules ▁governing ▁the ▁debate ▁over ▁im pe achment ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 7 . ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁three ▁votes ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁rules ▁governing ▁debate : ▁ 2 2 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 , ▁with ▁all ▁Republicans ▁and ▁two ▁Democrats ▁voting ▁no . ▁This ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁six ▁hours ▁of ▁debate . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁highlights ▁of ▁this ▁content ious ▁event ▁was ▁Georgia ▁representative ▁Barry ▁Lou der mil |
k ▁comparing ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁of ▁President ▁Trump ▁to ▁the ▁trial ▁of ▁Jesus ▁Christ , ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁Christian ▁sav ior ▁was ▁treated ▁far ▁better ▁by ▁the ▁authorities . ▁Maryland ▁representative ▁St eny ▁H oy er ▁contributed ▁closing ▁arguments ▁“ All ▁of ▁us ▁feel ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁loyalty ▁to ▁party ▁... ▁It ’ s ▁what ▁makes ▁our ▁two - party ▁system ▁function . ▁It ’ s ▁what ▁helps ▁hold ▁pres idents ▁and ▁major ities ▁account able . ▁But ▁party ▁loyalty ▁must ▁have ▁its ▁limits .” ▁ ▁The ▁formal ▁im pe achment ▁vote ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Short ly ▁after ▁ 8 : 3 0 ▁pm ▁E ST , ▁both ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁passed . ▁The ▁votes ▁for ▁the ▁charge ▁of ▁abuse ▁of ▁power ▁were ▁ 2 3 0 ▁in ▁favor , ▁ 1 9 7 ▁against , ▁and ▁ 1 ▁present : ▁House ▁Democrats ▁all ▁voted ▁in ▁support ▁except ▁Coll in ▁Pet erson ▁and ▁Jeff ▁Van ▁D rew , ▁who ▁voted ▁against , ▁and ▁T ul si ▁Gab b ard , ▁who ▁voted ▁" present "; ▁all ▁House ▁Republicans ▁voted ▁against , ▁although ▁Justin ▁Am ash ▁( an ▁independent ▁who ▁was ▁previously ▁Republican ) ▁voted ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁both ▁articles . ▁The ▁votes ▁for ▁the ▁charge ▁of ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁Congress ▁were ▁ 2 2 9 ▁in ▁favor , ▁ 1 9 8 ▁against , ▁and ▁ 1 ▁present : ▁all ▁Democrats |
▁voted ▁in ▁support ▁except ▁Pet erson , ▁Van ▁D rew , ▁and ▁J ared ▁Golden , ▁who ▁voted ▁against ; ▁and ▁Gab b ard , ▁who ▁again ▁voted ▁" present "; ▁all ▁Republicans ▁voted ▁against . ▁ ▁Three ▁representatives ▁pending ▁retirement ▁did ▁not ▁vote : ▁Duncan ▁D . ▁Hunter , ▁who ▁was ▁banned ▁from ▁voting ▁under ▁the ▁House ' s ▁rules ▁after ▁ple ading ▁guilty ▁to ▁il leg ally ▁using ▁campaign ▁funds ; ▁José ▁E . ▁S err ano , ▁who ▁had ▁a ▁health ▁set back ▁after ▁being ▁diagnosed ▁with ▁Park inson ' s ▁disease ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁year ; ▁and ▁John ▁Sh im k us , ▁who ▁was ▁visiting ▁his ▁son ▁in ▁T anz ania . ▁ ▁Im mediate ▁response ▁ ▁The ▁day ▁after ▁Trump ' s ▁im pe achment , ▁the ▁evangel ical ▁magazine ▁Christianity ▁Today ▁published ▁an ▁editorial ▁calling ▁for ▁his ▁removal ▁from ▁office , ▁stating ▁that ▁the ▁president ▁" att empt ed ▁to ▁use ▁his ▁political ▁power ▁to ▁co er ce ▁a ▁foreign ▁leader ▁to ▁harass ▁and ▁disc redit ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁president ' s ▁political ▁opponents . ▁That ▁is ▁not ▁only ▁a ▁violation ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ; ▁more ▁importantly , ▁it ▁is ▁profound ly ▁imm oral ." ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁conservative ▁Bill ▁Krist ol ▁and ▁a ▁group ▁calling ▁itself ▁" Rep ublic ans ▁for ▁the ▁Rule ▁of ▁Law " ▁released ▁an ▁ad ▁encouraging ▁viewers ▁to ▁call ▁their ▁sen ators ▁to ▁demand ▁top ▁Trump ▁officials ▁be ▁forced ▁to ▁test ify ▁in ▁his ▁im pe achment ▁trial |
. ▁ ▁Trump ▁has ▁questioned ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁the ▁im pe achment , ▁c iting ▁Harvard ▁law ▁professor ▁Noah ▁F eld man , ▁who ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁has ▁technically ▁not ▁taken ▁place ▁until ▁the ▁articles ▁are ▁handed ▁to ▁the ▁Senate . ▁Jonathan ▁Tur ley ▁later ▁ref ut ed ▁this ▁argument ▁in ▁an ▁op - ed . ▁Trump ▁twe eted ▁or ▁ret weet ed ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁messages ▁critic izing ▁Pel osi ' s ▁handling ▁of ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁week ▁of ▁his ▁holiday ▁vacation ▁to ▁Mar - a - L ago . ▁On ▁Christmas ▁Day , ▁he ▁twe eted : ▁ ▁Attorney ▁George ▁T . ▁Con way ▁III ▁and ▁others ▁have ▁noted ▁that ▁if ▁the ▁relevant ▁witnesses ▁are ▁not ▁allowed ▁to ▁test ify , ▁Trump ' s ▁defend ers ▁will ▁be ▁neg atively ▁affected ▁by ▁" the ▁very ▁evidence ▁they ▁sought ▁to ▁suppress ". ▁ ▁Imp asse ▁and ▁final ▁vote ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁im pe achment ▁vote , ▁both ▁Mc Conn ell ▁and ▁Senate ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁chairman ▁Lind sey ▁Graham ▁expressed ▁their ▁intentions ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁im partial ▁jur ors , ▁contrary ▁to ▁the ▁o ath ▁they ▁must ▁take . ▁Mc Conn ell ▁said , ▁" I ' m ▁not ▁an ▁im partial ▁jur or . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁political ▁process . ▁There ▁is ▁not ▁anything ▁jud icial ▁about ▁it . ▁Im pe achment ▁is ▁a ▁political ▁decision ." ▁Graham ▁said , ▁" I ▁am ▁trying ▁to ▁give ▁a ▁pretty ▁clear |
▁signal ▁I ▁have ▁made ▁up ▁my ▁mind . ▁I ' m ▁not ▁trying ▁to ▁pretend ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁fair ▁jur or ▁here ... ▁I ▁will ▁do ▁everything ▁I ▁can ▁to ▁make ▁[ the ▁im pe achment ▁trial ] ▁die ▁quickly ." ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁all ▁ 4 7 ▁Senate ▁Democrats , ▁Senate ▁Minor ity ▁Leader ▁Charles ▁Sch umer ▁wrote ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁Mc Conn ell ▁calling ▁for ▁M ick ▁Mul van ey , ▁Robert ▁Bl air , ▁John ▁Bol ton , ▁and ▁Michael ▁D uff ey ▁to ▁test ify , ▁and ▁suggested ▁that ▁pre - t rial ▁proceedings ▁take ▁place ▁on ▁January ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁Mc Conn ell ▁rejected ▁the ▁call ▁for ▁witnesses ▁to ▁test ify , ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁Senate ' s ▁role ▁is ▁simply ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁" jud ge ▁and ▁jury ", ▁not ▁to ▁aid ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁process . ▁He ▁also ▁suggested ▁that ▁witnesses ▁be ▁called ▁during ▁the ▁trial , ▁as ▁happened ▁after ▁Clinton ' s ▁im pe achment . ▁Sch umer ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁" did ▁not ▁hear ▁a ▁single ▁sentence , ▁a ▁single ▁argument ▁as ▁to ▁why ▁the ▁witnesses ▁I ▁suggested ▁should ▁not ▁give ▁testimony ", ▁c iting ▁b ipart isan ▁public ▁support ▁for ▁testimony ▁which ▁could ▁fill ▁in ▁gaps ▁caused ▁by ▁Trump ▁having ▁prevented ▁his ▁staff ▁from ▁test ifying ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁investigation . ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Sch umer |
▁called ▁newly ▁un red act ed ▁emails ▁from ▁Trump ▁administration ▁officials ▁" a ▁devast ating ▁blow ▁to ▁Senator ▁Mc Conn ell ' s ▁push ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁trial ▁without ▁the ▁documents ▁and ▁witnesses ▁we ' ve ▁requested ". ▁At ▁least ▁four ▁Republican ▁sen ators ▁needed ▁to ▁vote ▁with ▁Democrats ▁for ▁witnesses ▁to ▁be ▁called . ▁Republicans ▁have ▁suggested ▁calling ▁Joe ▁and ▁Hunter ▁Biden ▁to ▁test ify ; ▁the ▁former ▁stated ▁his ▁ob jection ▁to ▁this ▁but ▁said ▁he ▁would ▁obey ▁a ▁sub po ena . ▁Rud y ▁Gi ul iani ▁has ▁stated ▁his ▁willing ness ▁to ▁test ify ▁or ▁even ▁try ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁" as ▁a ▁rack ete ering ▁case " ▁despite ▁being ▁Trump ' s ▁personal ▁attorney ▁and ▁alleg edly ▁attempting ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁polit ically ▁while ▁searching ▁for ▁evidence ▁against ▁the ▁B id ens ▁in ▁Ukraine . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Trump ▁told ▁Fox ▁News ' s ▁Laura ▁Ing raham ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁likely ▁invoke ▁executive ▁privilege ▁to ▁keep ▁Bol ton ▁from ▁test ifying ▁" for ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁the ▁office ". ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁im pe achment , ▁Pel osi ▁declined ▁to ▁comment ▁on ▁when ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁resolution ▁would ▁be ▁trans mitted ▁to ▁the ▁Senate , ▁saying , ▁" So ▁far ▁we ▁haven ' t ▁seen ▁anything ▁that ▁looks ▁fair ▁to ▁us ." ▁The ▁following ▁day , ▁Mc Conn ell ▁met ▁with ▁Sch umer |
▁briefly ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁trial . ▁After ▁the ▁Senate ▁recon ven ed ▁from ▁its ▁holiday ▁break , ▁Lind sey ▁Graham ▁proposed ▁that ▁he ▁and ▁Mc Conn ell ▁" change ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁so ▁we ▁could ▁start ▁the ▁trial ▁without ▁[ P el osi ], ▁if ▁necessary ". ▁On ▁January ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Mc Conn ell ▁announced ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁the ▁c auc us ▁backing ▁to ▁pass ▁a ▁blue print ▁for ▁the ▁trial , ▁which ▁discuss es ▁witnesses ▁and ▁evidence ▁after ▁the ▁opening ▁arguments . ▁Pel osi ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁resolution ▁to ▁be ▁published ▁before ▁she ▁could ▁proceed ▁with ▁the ▁next ▁steps , ▁but ▁Mc Conn ell ▁assert ed ▁that ▁the ▁House ▁had ▁no ▁leverage ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁negoti ating ▁over ▁the ▁trial . ▁This ▁prompt ed ▁several ▁Democratic ▁sen ators ▁to ▁voice ▁their ▁read iness ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁trial ▁begin . ▁On ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁Pel osi ▁said ▁she ▁would ▁deliver ▁the ▁articles ▁soon , ▁but ▁continued ▁to ▁c ite ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁Republican ▁trans parency ▁in ▁the ▁Senate ; ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁Mc Conn ell ▁informed ▁members ▁of ▁his ▁c auc us ▁that ▁he ▁expected ▁the ▁trial ▁to ▁begin ▁next ▁week , ▁and ▁Senator ▁Josh ▁Haw ley ▁announced ▁that ▁Mc Conn ell ▁had ▁signed ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁co - s pon sor ▁to ▁his ▁resolution ▁to ▁dismiss ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁not ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Senate ▁within ▁ 2 5 ▁days . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 0 , |
▁Pel osi ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁" ask ed ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee ▁Chairman ▁Jerry ▁Nad ler ▁to ▁be ▁prepared ▁to ▁bring ▁to ▁the ▁Floor ▁next ▁week ▁a ▁resolution ▁to ▁appoint ▁managers ▁and ▁transmit ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁to ▁the ▁Senate ". ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Pel osi ▁announced ▁the ▁House ▁managers ▁who ▁will ▁pro sec ute ▁the ▁case ▁in ▁the ▁Senate . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁the ▁House ▁voted ▁on ▁Res olution ▁ 7 9 8 , ▁which ▁appointed ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁managers ▁and ▁approved ▁the ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁to ▁be ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Senate . ▁Later ▁that ▁afternoon , ▁Pel osi ▁held ▁a ▁rare ▁public ▁eng ross ment ▁ceremony , ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁stat ely ▁process ion ▁of ▁the ▁managers ▁and ▁other ▁House ▁officers ▁across ▁the ▁Cap itol ▁building ▁where ▁the ▁third ▁im pe achment ▁of ▁a ▁US ▁president ▁was ▁announced ▁to ▁the ▁sen ate . ▁With ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁the ▁managers , ▁who ▁would ▁conduct ▁the ▁trial , ▁the ▁House ' s ▁involvement ▁in ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁process ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁end . ▁ ▁T rial ▁ ▁Pre par ation ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁was ▁under way , ▁Senate ▁majority ▁leader ▁M itch ▁Mc Conn ell ▁started ▁planning ▁a ▁possible ▁trial . ▁On ▁October ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁led ▁a ▁meeting ▁on ▁the ▁subject , ▁adv ising ▁his ▁c auc us ▁to ▁say ▁that |
▁they ▁opposed ▁the ▁House ▁process ▁and ▁as ▁little ▁else ▁as ▁possible . ▁In ▁November , ▁he ▁shot ▁down ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁the ▁articles ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁should ▁be ▁dismissed , ▁saying , ▁" The ▁rules ▁of ▁im pe achment ▁are ▁very ▁clear , ▁we ' ll ▁have ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁trial ." ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁as ▁the ▁articles ▁were ▁being ▁considered ▁by ▁the ▁House ▁Jud ici ary ▁Committee , ▁Mc Conn ell ▁met ▁with ▁White ▁House ▁counsel ▁Pat ▁C ip oll one ▁and ▁Director ▁of ▁Legisl ative ▁Affairs ▁Eric ▁U eland . ▁Mc Conn ell ▁stated ▁later ▁that ▁day , ▁" Every thing ▁I ▁do ▁during ▁this ▁I ' m ▁coord inating ▁with ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁counsel . ▁There ▁will ▁be ▁no ▁difference ▁between ▁the ▁president ' s ▁position ▁and ▁[ ours ]", ▁and , ▁" I ' m ▁going ▁to ▁take ▁my ▁c ues ▁from ▁the ▁president ' s ▁lawyers ." ▁Mc Conn ell ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁coord ination ▁with ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁would ▁also ▁pert ain ▁to ▁whether ▁witnesses ▁would ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁test ify , ▁and ▁told ▁Fox ▁News ' s ▁Sean ▁Hann ity ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁chance ▁that ▁Trump ▁would ▁be ▁convicted , ▁express ing ▁his ▁hope ▁that ▁all ▁Senate ▁Republicans ▁would ▁acqu it ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁both ▁charges . ▁Two ▁Republican ▁sen ators , ▁Lisa ▁Mur kow ski ▁and ▁Susan ▁Collins , ▁critic ized ▁Mc Conn ell ' s ▁comments ▁regarding ▁coord inating ▁with ▁the ▁White ▁House . ▁Collins ▁has ▁been ▁critical ▁of |
▁Democratic ▁sen ator ▁Elizabeth ▁Warren ▁for ▁prejud ging ▁the ▁trial . ▁ ▁Off ic ers ▁ ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Constitution ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ' s ▁chief ▁justice ▁pres ides ▁over ▁im pe achment ▁proceedings . ▁The ▁current ▁chief ▁justice ▁was ▁John ▁Roberts , ▁who ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁House ▁managers , ▁acting ▁as ▁prosecut ors ▁for ▁the ▁case , ▁were ▁several ▁Democratic ▁representatives , ▁which ▁consisted ▁of : ▁Adam ▁Sch iff ▁as ▁lead ▁manager , ▁Jerry ▁Nad ler , ▁Z oe ▁L of gren , ▁H ake em ▁Jeff ries , ▁Val ▁Dem ings , ▁Jason ▁Crow , ▁and ▁Sylv ia ▁Gar cia . ▁Trump ▁named ▁a ▁defense ▁team ▁led ▁by ▁White ▁House ▁counsel ▁Pat ▁C ip oll one ▁and ▁his ▁private ▁attorney ▁Jay ▁S ek ul ow . ▁S ek ul ow ▁previously ▁represented ▁Trump ▁in ▁the ▁Russia ▁investigation . ▁ ▁Process ▁and ▁schedule ▁ ▁Article ▁I , ▁Section ▁ 3 , ▁Cl ause ▁ 6 ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Constitution ▁stated ▁that ▁"[ t ] he ▁Senate ▁shall ▁have ▁the ▁sole ▁Power ▁to ▁try ▁all ▁Im pe ach ments ." ▁Per ▁the ▁Senate ' s ▁im pe achment ▁rules ▁adopted ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁the ▁submission ▁of ▁the ▁articles ▁to ▁the ▁Senate ▁initiated ▁the ▁trial . ▁The ▁articles ▁were ▁formally ▁delivered ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁and ▁were ▁presented ▁on ▁the ▁following |
▁day . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁January ▁ 2 1 ▁session , ▁the ▁Senate ▁voted ▁along ▁party ▁lines ▁to ▁pass ▁Mc Conn ell ' s ▁proposed ▁trial ▁rules ▁and ▁reject ▁ 1 1 ▁am end ments ▁proposed ▁by ▁Democrats . ▁Mc Conn ell ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁wants ▁to ▁follow ▁the ▁rules ▁laid ▁down ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁which ▁had ▁the ▁morning ▁reserved ▁for ▁Senate ▁business ▁and ▁the ▁afternoon ▁hours ▁reserved ▁for ▁the ▁trial , ▁but ▁his ▁resolution ▁increased ▁the ▁hours ▁spent ▁per ▁day ▁on ▁opening ▁arguments ▁from ▁ 6 ▁to ▁ 8 ▁hours . ▁The ▁resolution ▁also ▁includes ▁provisions ▁for ▁a ▁vote ▁on ▁whether ▁to ▁sub po ena ▁witnesses ▁or ▁documents ▁after ▁opening ▁arguments . ▁ ▁The ▁prosecut ion ' s ▁opening ▁arguments ▁and ▁presentation ▁of ▁evidence ▁took ▁place ▁between ▁January ▁ 2 2 – 2 4 . ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁day , ▁Sch umer ▁called ▁the ▁previous ▁evening ▁a ▁" dark ▁night ▁for ▁the ▁Senate ", ▁when ▁the ▁White ▁House , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁Freedom ▁of ▁Information ▁Act ▁lawsuit , ▁released ▁new ▁evidence ▁including ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁heavily ▁red act ed ▁emails ▁revealing ▁details ▁about ▁how ▁the ▁Office ▁of ▁Management ▁and ▁Bud get ▁fro ze ▁aid ▁to ▁Ukraine . ▁Trump ' s ▁defense ▁presentation ▁began ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 5 . ▁The ▁primary ▁arguments ▁were ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁direct ▁evidence ▁of ▁wrong do ing , ▁and ▁that ▁Democrats ▁were ▁attempting ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁to ▁steal ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁election |
. ▁Professor ▁Alan ▁D ers how itz ▁argued ▁that ▁while ▁a ▁president ▁can ▁be ▁im pe ached ▁for ▁comm itting ▁a ▁criminal ▁act , ▁ir res pective ▁of ▁mot ive , ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁' qu id ▁pro ▁qu o ' ▁being ▁a ▁basis ▁for ▁removal ▁from ▁office ▁requires ▁that ▁the ▁' qu o ' ▁be ▁something ▁illegal , ▁and ▁that ▁simply ▁having ▁mixed ▁mot ives ▁for ▁request ing ▁a ▁legal ▁act ▁( an ▁investigation ▁into ▁alleged ▁corruption ) ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁sufficient ▁grounds ▁for ▁im pe achment . ▁ ▁He ▁observed ▁that ▁all ▁politicians ▁act ▁with ▁an ▁eye ▁and ▁mot ive ▁toward ▁re - election ▁and ▁that ▁such ▁mot ive ▁neither ▁makes ▁illegal ▁acts ▁law ful , ▁nor ▁un law ful ▁act ▁legal . ▁This ▁position ▁was ▁critic ized ▁by ▁Democratic ▁political ▁consultant ▁and ▁comment ator , ▁Paul ▁Beg ala ▁in ▁an ▁editorial ▁that ▁did ▁not ▁address ▁the ▁leg ality / il leg ality ▁aspect ▁of ▁the ▁analysis . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁after ▁a ▁planned ▁debate ▁session , ▁the ▁Senate ▁voted ▁against ▁allowing ▁sub po enas ▁to ▁call ▁witnesses , ▁including ▁former ▁national ▁security ▁advis or ▁John ▁Bol ton ▁who ▁wrote ▁in ▁his ▁forth coming ▁book ▁mention ing ▁Ukraine ▁aid ▁free zing , ▁or ▁documents ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 1 – 4 9 ▁vote . ▁ 5 1 ▁Republican ▁sen ators ▁voted ▁against ▁calling ▁witnesses , ▁while ▁ 4 5 ▁Democratic ▁sen ators , ▁two ▁independ ents ▁who ▁typically ▁vote ▁Democratic , ▁and ▁two ▁Republicans ▁( M |
itt ▁Rom ney ▁and ▁Susan ▁Collins ) ▁voted ▁for ▁witnesses . ▁ ▁Ac qu itt al ▁Under ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Constitution , ▁a ▁two - third s ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁conv ict ▁the ▁president . ▁The ▁possible ▁pen alties ▁were ▁the ▁removal ▁from ▁office ▁and ▁dis qual ification ▁from ▁holding ▁office ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁On ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁the ▁Senate ▁acqu itted ▁Trump ▁on ▁both ▁counts . ▁The ▁votes ▁were ▁ 5 2 – 4 8 ▁to ▁acqu it ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁count ▁and ▁ 5 3 – 4 7 ▁to ▁acqu it ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁count . ▁The ▁votes ▁were ▁sharply ▁divided ▁along ▁party ▁lines . ▁M itt ▁Rom ney ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁sen ator ▁in ▁history ▁from ▁an ▁im pe ached ▁president ' s ▁party ▁to ▁vote ▁to ▁conv ict , ▁voting ▁' gu ilty ' ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁count . ▁ ▁Public ▁opinion ▁▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁trial , ▁in ▁mid - Jan uary ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Americans ▁were ▁sharply ▁divided ▁on ▁whether ▁Trump ▁should ▁be ▁removed ▁from ▁office , ▁with ▁Democrats ▁largely ▁supporting ▁removal , ▁Republicans ▁largely ▁oppos ing , ▁and ▁independ ents ▁divided . ▁A ▁USA ▁Today / S uff olk ▁University ▁poll ▁conducted ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 0 – 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁found ▁that ▁ 4 5 % ▁of ▁respond ents ▁supported ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁and ▁removal ▁of ▁Trump ▁from ▁office , ▁while ▁ |
5 1 % ▁opposed ▁it . ▁A ▁CNN ▁poll ▁conducted ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 2 – 1 5 ▁also ▁found ▁ 4 5 % ▁supported ▁im pe achment ▁and ▁removal , ▁compared ▁to ▁ 4 7 % ▁who ▁opposed ▁the ▁idea . ▁A ▁Gall up ▁poll ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁of ▁Trump ' s ▁im pe achment ▁found ▁that ▁Trump ' s ▁approval ▁rating ▁increased ▁by ▁ 6 ▁points ▁during ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁process , ▁while ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁fell . ▁Another ▁CNN ▁poll ▁conducted ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 6 – 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁found ▁that ▁ 5 1 % ▁supported ▁Trump ' s ▁removal ▁from ▁office , ▁compared ▁to ▁ 4 5 % ▁who ▁opposed ▁the ▁idea . ▁An ▁NBC / The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal ▁poll ▁released ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁showed ▁ 4 6 % ▁fav ored ▁removal ▁from ▁office ▁and ▁ 4 9 % ▁opposed , ▁with ▁the ▁in ▁favor / op posed ▁being ▁almost ▁exclusively ▁along ▁party ▁lines . ▁ ▁After math ▁▁ ▁Two ▁days ▁after ▁Trump ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁by ▁the ▁Senate ▁in ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁trial , ▁he ▁fired ▁two ▁witnesses ▁who ▁test ified ▁in ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁in quiry ▁about ▁his ▁conduct . ▁On ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁Gordon ▁S ond land ' s ▁amb ass ad orship ▁was ▁term inated , ▁while ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Alexander ▁V ind man ▁was ▁esc orted ▁from ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁after ▁a |
▁dismiss al ▁from ▁his ▁job ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Council . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁V ind man ' s ▁twin ▁brother , ▁Y ev gen y , ▁likewise ▁an ▁Army ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Council , ▁was ▁also ▁dismissed . ▁Short ly ▁before ▁the ▁fir ings , ▁Trump ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁" not ▁happy " ▁with ▁Alexander ▁V ind man ; ▁after ▁the ▁fir ings , ▁Trump ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁" did n ' t ▁know " ▁Alexander ▁V ind man ▁but ▁" he ▁was ▁very ▁ins ub ord inate ". ▁Alexander ▁V ind man ' s ▁lawyer ▁responded ▁that ▁his ▁client ▁" was ▁asked ▁to ▁leave ▁for ▁telling ▁the ▁truth . ▁His ▁honor , ▁his ▁commitment ▁to ▁right , ▁frightened ▁the ▁powerful ." ▁S ond land ▁react ed ▁by ▁stating ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁" gr ateful ▁to ▁President ▁Trump " ▁for ▁the ▁" op portun ity ▁to ▁serve ". ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Trump ▁fired ▁Michael ▁K . ▁At kins on , ▁the ▁inspect or ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁intelligence ▁community . ▁When ▁Trump ▁was ▁asked ▁about ▁the ▁firing ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁he ▁critic ized ▁At kins on ▁as ▁having ▁done ▁a ▁" ter rible ▁job ": ▁" to ok ▁a ▁fake ▁report ▁and ▁he ▁brought ▁it ▁to ▁Congress ", ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁whist le bl ower ▁complaint ▁of ▁the ▁Trump – U kr aine ▁scandal , ▁which ▁was ▁actually ▁largely ▁verified ▁by ▁other ▁testimony ▁and ▁evidence . ▁Trump ▁further ▁complained |
▁that ▁At kins on ▁" never ▁even ▁came ▁in ▁to ▁see ▁me . ▁How ▁can ▁you ▁[ forward ▁the ▁complaint ] ▁without ▁seeing ▁the ▁person ?" ▁Trump ▁concluded ▁that ▁At kins on ▁was ▁" not ▁a ▁big ▁Trump ▁fan ". ▁At kins on ▁responded ▁that ▁he ▁believed ▁Trump ▁had ▁fired ▁him ▁for ▁" h aving ▁faith fully ▁dis charg ed ▁my ▁legal ▁obligations ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁and ▁im partial ▁In spector ▁General , ▁and ▁from ▁my ▁commitment ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁do ▁so ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Im pe achment ▁of ▁Andrew ▁Johnson ▁ ▁Im pe achment ▁process ▁against ▁Richard ▁Nixon ▁ ▁Im pe achment ▁of ▁Bill ▁Clinton ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁federal ▁political ▁sc and als ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁House ▁im pe aches ▁President ▁Trump ▁– ▁live - stream ▁archive ▁via ▁C - SP AN ▁ ▁How ▁each ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁voted ▁on ▁im pe achment ▁— ▁via ▁CNN ▁▁▁ ▁Real ▁Clear ▁Politics ▁poll ing ▁history : ▁Trump ▁Im pe achment ▁and ▁Rem oval ▁From ▁Office : ▁Support / O pp ose ▁ ▁Trump , ▁Donald ▁Category : 1 1 6 th ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁controvers ies ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 ▁controvers ies ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁American ▁politics ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 ▁in ▁American ▁politics ▁Category : Donald ▁Trump ▁controvers ies ▁Category : Donald ▁Trump ▁Category : Pol it |
ical ▁corruption ▁investig ations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Tr ump ▁administration ▁controvers ies ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁presidential ▁history ▁▁ ▁Category : Tr ump – U kr aine ▁scandal <0x0A> </s> ▁" Get ▁Your ▁Dream " ▁is ▁the ▁thirty - fif th ▁single ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese ▁band ▁Tok io ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁It ▁reached ▁second ▁place ▁on ▁the ▁O ric on ▁charts . ▁The ▁song ▁" Get ▁Your ▁Dream " ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁Japan ▁as ▁the ▁theme ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁" Get ▁Your ▁Dream " ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁three ▁different ▁versions : ▁ ▁CD ▁Normal ▁Edition ▁ ▁Special ▁Edition ▁A ▁ ▁Special ▁Edition ▁B ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁singles ▁Category : Tok io ▁( band ) ▁songs <0x0A> </s> ▁La ▁B aj ada ▁is ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Santa ▁Fe ▁County , ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁New ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁History ▁A ▁post ▁office ▁called ▁La ▁B aj ada ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 . ▁La ▁B aj ada ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁Spanish ▁meaning ▁" the ▁descent ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Santa ▁Fe ▁County , ▁New ▁Mexico ▁Category : Un inc or por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁New ▁Mexico <0x0A> </s> ▁Stephen |
▁Nicholas ▁Emer y ▁Eg on ▁F az ek as ▁de ▁St ▁Gro th ▁is ▁a ▁Hung arian - Austral ian ▁micro bi ologist . ▁He ▁completed ▁his ▁education ▁in ▁Hung ary ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁where ▁he ▁re se ar ched ▁with ▁Frank ▁Mac f arl ane ▁Burn et ▁at ▁the ▁Walter ▁and ▁Eliz a ▁Hall ▁Institute ▁of ▁Medical ▁Research ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁and ▁later ▁at ▁the ▁John ▁Curt in ▁School ▁of ▁Medical ▁Research ▁and ▁C SI RO ▁in ▁Can ber ra . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bright S par cs . ▁F az ek as ▁de ▁St ▁Gro th , ▁Stephen ▁Nicholas ▁Emer y ▁Eg on ▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁micro bi ologists ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W alter ▁and ▁Eliz a ▁Hall ▁Institute ▁of ▁Medical ▁Research ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁F ate ▁for ▁Break fast ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁solo ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁Art ▁Gar fun kel ▁released ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁on ▁Columbia ▁Records . ▁It ▁was ▁his ▁first ▁album ▁to ▁miss ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Bill board ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁and ▁his ▁first ▁album ▁containing ▁no ▁U . S . ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁singles . ▁However , ▁the ▁European ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁does ▁include ▁a ▁different ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁" B right ▁E yes ", ▁which ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁novel ▁Wat ership ▁Down |
, ▁and ▁reached ▁the ▁number - one ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁biggest - selling ▁single ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁there . ▁Like wise , ▁the ▁album ▁itself ▁gar ner ed ▁international ▁success , ▁reaching ▁the ▁top - ten ▁in ▁some ▁European ▁countries . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁issued ▁in ▁six ▁different ▁sle eves , ▁each ▁with ▁a ▁different ▁shot ▁of ▁Art ▁Gar fun kel ▁at ▁the ▁breakfast ▁table . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁Side ▁ 1 : ▁" In ▁a ▁Little ▁While ▁( I ' ll ▁Be ▁on ▁My ▁Way )" ▁( D ennis ▁B elf ield ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 2 7 ▁" Since ▁I ▁Don ' t ▁Have ▁You " ▁( J ose ph ▁Rock , ▁Jimmy ▁Be a um ont , ▁Len ny ▁Martin ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 9 ▁" And ▁I ▁Know " ▁( M ichael ▁Sem b ello , ▁David ▁Bat te au ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 0 ▁" S ail ▁on ▁a ▁Rain bow " ▁( Step hen ▁Bishop ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 5 ▁" Miss ▁You ▁N ights " ▁( D ave ▁Town send ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 7 ▁Side ▁ 2 : ▁" B right ▁E yes " ▁( M ike ▁Batt ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 0 ▁— ▁( Not ▁included ▁on ▁U . S . ▁album ▁release ) ▁" Fin ally ▁Found ▁a ▁Re ason " ▁( S emb ello , ▁Bat te au , ▁Craig ▁B ick |
hard t , ▁Rick ▁Bell ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 1 ▁" B ey ond ▁the ▁T ears " ▁( J eff rey ▁Com an or , ▁Robert ▁G und ry ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 3 ▁" Oh ▁How ▁Happy " ▁( Char les ▁H atch er ) ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 1 ▁" When ▁Someone ▁Does n ' t ▁Want ▁You " ▁( J eff rey ▁Stat on ) ▁– ▁ 3 : 3 4 ▁" Take ▁Me ▁A way " ▁( G rant ▁G ul lick son , ▁L ance ▁G ul lick son ) ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 4 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Art ▁Gar fun kel ▁– ▁vocals , ▁harmony ▁vocals ▁ ▁Pen ny ▁Nich ols , ▁Bobby ▁Al ess i , ▁Carol yn ▁Dennis , ▁Le ah ▁K unk el , ▁Jim ▁Gil strap , ▁Billy ▁Al ess i , ▁Max ine ▁Anderson ▁– ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Stephen ▁Bishop ▁– ▁guitar , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Michael ▁Bre cker , ▁Tom ▁Scott ▁– ▁ten or ▁sa x oph one ▁ ▁Rob ▁M oun sey ▁– ▁synt hes izer , ▁piano , ▁cl av inet , ▁F ender ▁Rh odes , ▁key boards ▁ ▁Chris ▁Sp ed ding ▁– ▁ac oustic ▁guitar ▁ ▁Gene ▁Page ▁– ▁arr anger ▁ ▁Simon ▁Phillips , ▁Steve ▁G add , ▁Roy ▁J . ▁Morgan , ▁Mike ▁B air d ▁– ▁drums ▁ ▁Louis ▁Shel ton ▁– ▁ac oustic ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁ ▁Dennis ▁B elf ield , ▁L |
yle ▁Harper , ▁Les ▁H urd le , ▁Neil ▁Jason , ▁Neil ▁Johnson , ▁Ed win ▁R ox burgh ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar ▁ ▁Ray ▁Cooper , ▁Er rol ▁" Cr usher " ▁Bennett , ▁Alan ▁Est es , ▁L yle ▁Form an ▁– ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Roland ▁H ark er ▁– ▁l ute ▁ ▁Larry ▁K ne cht el ▁– ▁piano ▁ ▁Del ▁New man ▁– ▁string ▁arrangement ▁ ▁Lee ▁R iten our , ▁Rich ie ▁Z ito , ▁Hugh ▁McC r ack en ▁– ▁electric ▁guitar ▁ ▁Larry ▁Rol ando ▁– ▁ac oustic ▁guitar , ▁electric ▁guitar ▁ ▁Jeff rey ▁Stat on ▁– ▁ac oustic ▁guitar , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Richard ▁Te e ▁– ▁piano , ▁F ender ▁Rh odes ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Week ly ▁charts ▁ ▁Year - end ▁charts ▁ ▁Cert ifications ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁albums ▁Category : Art ▁Gar fun kel ▁albums ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁was ▁a ▁Philipp ine ▁noon ▁time ▁variety ▁show ▁a ired ▁by ▁TV 5 . ▁The ▁show ▁premier ed ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁was ▁broadcast ▁live ▁from ▁TV 5 ' s ▁Delta ▁Studio ▁in ▁Que zon ▁City , ▁with ▁its ▁main ▁host ▁and ▁producer , ▁Will ie ▁Rev ill ame . ▁The ▁show ▁earned ▁the ▁distinction ▁of ▁being ▁the ▁only ▁no ont ime ▁program ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁Strong ▁Parent al ▁Gu id ance ▁rating ▁from ▁the ▁M TR |
CB , ▁which ▁was ▁imposed ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁d ancers ' ▁provoc ative ▁out f its . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Rev ill ame ▁admitted ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁that ▁the ▁show ' s ▁ratings ▁" f ell ▁below ▁expectations ", ▁and ▁contempl ated ▁on ▁a ▁possible ▁cancellation . ▁The ▁show ▁a ired ▁its ▁final ▁episode ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁nearly ▁ 9 ▁months ▁after ▁its ▁debut . ▁It ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁S ine ▁Ko ▁ 5 ing ko ▁H apon ▁on ▁week days ▁and ▁ ▁Sab ado ▁S iner ama ▁on ▁S atur days . ▁ ▁History ▁Rev ill ame ' s ▁previous ▁show ▁Wil ▁Time ▁Big time ▁ended ▁its ▁run ▁on ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁he ▁announced ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁no ont ime ▁slot ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁Wow ow ill ie . ▁It ▁premier ed ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁coinc ide ▁with ▁the ▁host ' s ▁birthday ▁the ▁day ▁after . ▁ ▁C ancell ation ▁C iting ▁competition ▁from ▁rival ▁variety ▁shows ▁It ' s ▁Show time ▁and ▁E at ▁Bul aga ! , ▁TV 5 ▁confirmed ▁Rev ill ame ' s ▁announcement ▁express ing ▁his ▁intent ▁on ▁can c elling ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁and ▁focusing ▁on ▁other ▁commit ments , ▁as ▁the ▁show ▁struggled ▁to ▁gain ▁a ▁significant ▁audience ▁share . ▁ ▁On ▁October |
▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁a ired ▁its ▁final ▁episode , ▁with ▁Rev ill ame ▁b idding ▁fare well ▁to ▁his ▁audience ▁and ▁crew ▁in ▁a ▁speech . ▁No ▁further ▁plans ▁were ▁announced ▁regarding ▁a ▁possible ▁replacement ▁to ▁the ▁program . ▁ ▁New ▁TV ▁show ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Rev ill ame ▁announced ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁sign ▁a ▁program ▁contract ▁with ▁G MA ▁Network ▁to ▁air ▁a ▁new ▁program , ▁Wow ow in . ▁The ▁program ▁would ▁be ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁ ▁television ▁after ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁hi atus . ▁Wow ow in ▁will ▁be ▁self - produ ced ▁by ▁Rev ill ame ' s ▁W BR ▁Entertainment ▁Produ ctions , ▁and ▁former ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁host ▁and ▁friend ▁R andy ▁Santiago ▁will ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁program ' s ▁director . ▁Also , ▁the ▁program ▁marks ▁Rev ill ame ' s ▁return ▁to ▁his ▁original ▁mother ▁network , ▁G MA ▁Network , ▁after ▁hosting ▁L unch ▁Date ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁with ▁R andy ▁Santiago . ▁Wow ow in ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Sunday , ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁on ▁the ▁Sunday ▁afternoon ▁block ▁of ▁G MA ▁Network ▁and ▁was ▁a ired ▁internation ally ▁via ▁G MA ▁Pin oy ▁TV . ▁ ▁Host s ▁ ▁Main ▁hosts ▁ ▁Will ie ▁Rev ill ame ▁ ▁R andy ▁Santiago ▁ ▁Co - host s ▁ ▁Mar iel |
▁Rodr igue z ▁ ▁Grace ▁Lee ▁ ▁Cam ille ▁Vill ar ▁ ▁Ar ci ▁Mu ñ oz ▁ ▁E the l ▁Bo oba ▁ ▁A te ▁Gay ▁ ▁R uf a ▁M ae ▁Qu into ▁ ▁Nina ▁Gir ado ▁ ▁Ab ra ▁ ▁Lov ely ▁Ab ella ▁ ▁A va ▁Jug u eta ▁ ▁Fe at uring ▁Anna ▁Fel ic iano ▁Owen ▁E rc ia ▁Jeff ▁Vas que z ▁DJ ▁C oki ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁Money ▁Girls ▁A J ▁Sull er ▁as ▁L ig aya ▁Sandy ▁Tol ent ino ▁( of ▁Sex B omb ▁Girls ) ▁as ▁Li way way ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁Girls ▁ ▁Seg ments ▁▁ ▁Big a T EN ▁ka ! ▁ ▁Rock ▁' n ▁Roll in ' ▁ ▁Tut ok ▁to ▁Win ▁ ▁J OK ▁Sing ▁ ▁Mini ▁Cons yer to ▁ ▁Put uk an ▁Na ! ▁ ▁AT N ▁( A y os ▁The ▁Number ) ▁ ▁Inst a J AM ▁( every ▁Saturday ) ▁ ▁Will ie ▁of ▁Fort une ▁ ▁P era ▁S ' ▁Wil ▁ ▁Jack pot ▁Sa ▁Sur f ▁ ▁Cash ▁Sal o ▁ ▁Studios ▁ ▁TV 5 ▁Delta ▁Studio ▁- ▁Que zon ▁Avenue , ▁Que zon ▁City ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁Wow ow ill ie ▁failed ▁to ▁sur pass ▁expectations ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁TV ▁ratings . ▁His ▁programs ' ▁ratings ▁were ▁ranging ▁from ▁ 3 - 5 % ▁and ▁sometimes ▁falling ▁below ▁ 3 %. ▁While ▁riv als , ▁G MA ▁Network ' s ▁E at |
▁Bul aga ! ▁and ▁A BS - C BN ' s ▁It ' s ▁Show time ▁ratings ▁were ▁ranging ▁from ▁ 1 3 - 1 6 % ▁based ▁on ▁K ant ar ▁Media ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁programs ▁a ired ▁by ▁The ▁ 5 ▁Network ▁ ▁Wil ▁Time ▁Big time ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Phil ipp ine ▁variety ▁television ▁shows ▁Category : The ▁ 5 ▁Network ▁shows ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁category : Will ie ▁Rev ill ame ▁Category : Fil ip ino - language ▁television ▁programs <0x0A> </s> ▁Leop old ▁Max imil ian ▁Graf ▁von ▁F irm ian ▁( 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 7 6 6 , ▁T rent o ▁– ▁ 2 9 ▁November ▁ 1 8 3 1 , ▁Vienna ) ▁was ▁A ux iliary ▁Bishop ▁in ▁Pass au ▁and ▁Tit ular ▁Bishop ▁of ▁T iber ias ▁from ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁from ▁ 1 8 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 8 1 6 ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Lav ant , ▁was ▁appointed ▁ ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁Sal z burg ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 6 , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁was ▁only ▁confirmed ▁as ▁administr ator ▁of ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Sal z burg . ▁From ▁ 1 8 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁he ▁was ▁Prince - Arch |
b ishop ▁of ▁Vienna . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Com ing ▁from ▁the ▁Ty ro lean ▁nob ility ▁of ▁F irm ian , ▁he ▁was ▁canon ▁of ▁Sal z burg ▁and ▁Pass au ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 0 . ▁On ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 7 9 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁ord ained ▁a ▁priest ▁in ▁Sal z burg . ▁ ▁Five ▁years ▁later , ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁July ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁A ux iliary ▁Bishop ▁in ▁Pass au ▁and ▁Tit ular ▁Bishop ▁of ▁T iber ias . ▁The ▁epis cop al ▁con sec r ation ▁was ▁best owed ▁upon ▁him ▁on ▁ 5 ▁November ▁ 1 7 9 7 ▁by ▁the ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Pass au , ▁Leop old ▁Leon hard ▁von ▁Th un . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Lav ant ▁and , ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 6 , ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁Sal z burg . ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁un clear ▁political ▁conditions , ▁he ▁was ▁only ▁confirmed ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁as ▁the ▁di oc es an ▁administr ator . ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 8 2 2 , ▁Emperor ▁Francis ▁I ▁appointed ▁him ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁Vienna , ▁the ▁Pap al ▁confirmation ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁April ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁port rayed ▁as ▁a ▁praise w elling ▁church ▁prince ▁who ▁ful filled ▁the ▁will ▁of ▁the ▁Emperor ▁in ▁his ▁di oc |
ese ▁and ▁allowed ▁the ▁inter ventions ▁of ▁late ▁Joseph in ism ▁in ▁church ▁life . ▁He ▁stro ve ▁for ▁the ▁church ▁song ▁and ▁had ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 4 ▁created ▁a ▁directory ▁of ▁all ▁songs ▁that ▁were ▁sung ▁in ▁the ▁par ishes . ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure ▁came ▁the ▁founding ▁of ▁the ▁Leop old ine ▁Society ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁Empire ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁missions ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁May ▁ 1 8 2 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁F irm i ang asse ▁in ▁Vienna - H iet zing ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Franz ▁L oid l : ▁Geschichte ▁des ▁Er zb ist ums ▁Wien . ▁Her old , ▁Wien ▁u . ▁a . ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁. ▁ ▁Ernst ▁T ome k : ▁Kir chen gesch ichte ▁Ö sterreich s . ▁Band ▁ 3 : ▁Das ▁Ze ital ter ▁der ▁Auf kl är ung ▁und ▁des ▁Abs olut ismus . ▁Ty rol ia , ▁In ns bru ck ▁u . ▁a . ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁Josef ▁W od ka : ▁Kirche ▁in ▁Ö sterreich . ▁W eg we iser ▁durch ▁ihre ▁Geschichte . ▁Her der , ▁Wien ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 3 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : Arch b ish |
ops ▁of ▁Vienna ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops ▁in ▁Austria ▁Category : A ust rian ▁b ish ops <0x0A> </s> ▁L ok m anya ▁T il ak ▁Term inus ▁- ▁K ara ik al ▁Week ly ▁Express ▁is ▁an ▁express ▁train ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Rail ways ▁connecting ▁L ok m anya ▁T il ak ▁Term inus ▁in ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁and ▁K ara ik al ▁of ▁Union ▁Terr itory ▁of ▁P ud uch erry . ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁being ▁operated ▁with ▁ 1 1 0 1 7 / 1 1 0 1 8 ▁train ▁numbers ▁on ▁weekly ▁basis . ▁ ▁Service ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 1 0 1 7 / M umb ai ▁L TT ▁- ▁K ara ik al ▁Week ly ▁Express ▁has ▁aver ages ▁speed ▁of ▁ 5 3 km / hr ▁and ▁covers ▁ 1 6 2 8 km ▁in ▁ 3 0 ▁h rs ▁ 4 0 ▁m ins . ▁ 1 1 0 1 8 / K ara ik al ▁- ▁M umb ai ▁L TT ▁Week ly ▁Express ▁has ▁aver ages ▁speed ▁of ▁ 4 8 km / hr ▁and ▁ 1 6 2 8 km ▁in ▁ 3 3 ▁h rs ▁ 4 5 ▁m ins . ▁ ▁Route ▁and ▁hal ts ▁▁ ▁The ▁important ▁hal ts ▁of ▁the ▁train ▁are : ▁ ▁Coach ▁composite ▁ ▁The ▁train ▁has ▁standard ▁L H B ▁r akes ▁with ▁max ▁speed ▁of ▁ 1 3 0 ▁km ph . ▁The |
▁train ▁consist ▁of ▁ 2 3 ▁coaches : ▁▁▁ 1 ▁AC ▁First - class ▁▁ 3 ▁AC ▁II ▁T ier ▁▁ 1 3 ▁S le eper ▁Co aches ▁▁ 4 ▁General ▁▁ 2 ▁Second - class ▁L ug gage / par cel ▁van ▁ ▁Tra ction ▁ ▁Both ▁trains ▁are ▁haul ed ▁by ▁a ▁Kal yan ▁Loc o ▁S hed ▁based ▁W DM ▁ 3 D ▁or ▁W DP ▁ 4 D ▁dies el ▁loc omot ive ▁from ▁K url a ▁to ▁Kar ik al . ▁ ▁R ake ▁Sh aring ▁▁ ▁The ▁train ▁shares ▁its ▁r ake ▁with ▁ 1 1 0 1 1 / 1 2 ▁L ok m anya ▁T il ak ▁Term inus ▁- ▁Haz ur ▁S ah ib ▁N anded ▁Express ▁ ▁D irection ▁Re vers al ▁ ▁Train ▁Re vers es ▁its ▁direction ▁ 1 ▁times : ▁ ▁Schedule ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ 1 1 0 1 7 ▁K ara ik al ▁Express ▁▁ 1 1 0 1 8 ▁K ara ik al ▁Express ▁▁ 1 1 0 1 7 / M umb ai ▁L TT ▁- ▁K ara ik al ▁Week ly ▁Express ▁▁ 1 1 0 1 8 / K ara ik al ▁- ▁M umb ai ▁L TT ▁Week ly ▁Express ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Express ▁trains ▁in ▁India ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁And h ra ▁Pr adesh ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁K arn |
at aka ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁T amil ▁Nad u ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁P ud uch erry ▁Category : Transport ▁in ▁K ara ik al ▁Category : Transport ▁in ▁M umb ai ▁Category : R ail way ▁services ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁( US NR ), ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁is ▁the ▁Reserve ▁Component ▁( RC ) ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy . ▁Members ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ▁Reserve , ▁called ▁reserv ists , ▁are ▁en rolled ▁in ▁the ▁Se lected ▁Reserve ▁( SEL RES ), ▁the ▁Individual ▁Read y ▁Reserve ▁( IR R ), ▁the ▁Full ▁Time ▁Support ▁( FT S ), ▁or ▁the ▁Ret ired ▁Reserve ▁program . ▁ ▁Organization ▁The ▁mission ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁is ▁to ▁provide ▁strategic ▁depth ▁and ▁deliver ▁operational ▁capabilities ▁to ▁the ▁Navy ▁and ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁team , ▁and ▁J oint ▁forces , ▁in ▁the ▁full ▁range ▁of ▁military ▁operations ▁from ▁peace ▁to ▁war . ▁ ▁The ▁Reserve ▁consists ▁of ▁ 1 0 8 , 7 1 8 ▁( 6 4 , 7 1 5 ▁S EL RES ▁and ▁ 4 4 , 0 0 3 ▁I RR ) ▁officers ▁and ▁en listed ▁personnel ▁who ▁serve ▁in ▁every ▁state ▁and ▁territory ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁overseas ▁as ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁Reserve ▁( SEL RES ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁largest ▁co |
h ort , ▁the ▁S EL RES , ▁have ▁tradition ally ▁dr illed ▁one ▁weekend ▁a ▁month ▁and ▁two ▁weeks ▁of ▁annual ▁training ▁during ▁the ▁year , ▁receiving ▁base ▁pay ▁and ▁certain ▁special ▁pays ▁( i . e ., ▁flight ▁pay , ▁dive ▁pay , ▁etc .) ▁when ▁performing ▁In active ▁D uty ▁Training ▁( ID T , ▁a ka ▁" dr ills "), ▁and ▁full ▁pay ▁and ▁allow ances ▁while ▁on ▁active ▁duty ▁for ▁Annual ▁Training ▁( AT ), ▁Active ▁D uty ▁for ▁Training ▁( AD T ), ▁Active ▁D uty ▁for ▁Oper ational ▁Support ▁( AD OS ), ▁Active ▁D uty ▁for ▁Special ▁Work ▁( AD SW ), ▁or ▁under ▁M obil ization ▁( MO B ) ▁orders ▁or ▁otherwise ▁recalled ▁to ▁full ▁active ▁duty . ▁ ▁Every ▁state , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Gu am ▁and ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁has ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁Navy ▁Oper ational ▁Support ▁Center ▁( NO SC , ▁formerly ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁Center ), ▁staff ed ▁by ▁Full ▁Time ▁Support ▁( FT S ) ▁personnel , ▁where ▁the ▁S EL RES ▁sail ors ▁come ▁to ▁do ▁their ▁weekend ▁dr ills . ▁The ▁size ▁of ▁these ▁centers ▁varies ▁greatly , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁assigned ▁reserv ists . ▁They ▁are ▁intended ▁mostly ▁to ▁handle ▁administrative ▁functions ▁and ▁classroom ▁style ▁training . ▁However , ▁some ▁NO SC s ▁have ▁more ▁extensive ▁training ▁facilities , ▁including ▁damage ▁control ▁train ers ▁and ▁small ▁boat ▁units . ▁Some ▁NO SC s ▁are ▁co - loc ated ▁on ▁existing ▁military ▁facilities , |
▁but ▁most ▁are ▁" out side - the - wire ", ▁stand ▁alone ▁facilities ▁that ▁are ▁often ▁the ▁only ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁representation ▁in ▁their ▁communities ▁or ▁even ▁the ▁entire ▁state . ▁Because ▁of ▁this , ▁NO SC s ▁outside ▁the ▁fleet ▁concentration ▁areas ▁are ▁also ▁heavily ▁task ed ▁to ▁provide ▁personnel , ▁both ▁F TS ▁staff ▁and ▁S EL RES , ▁for ▁participation ▁in ▁Fun eral ▁Hon ors ▁Details . ▁This ▁service ▁provided ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁community ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁NO SC ' s ▁top ▁two ▁priority ▁missions ▁( the ▁other ▁being ▁training ▁and ▁mobil ization ▁of ▁S EL RES ). ▁ ▁Those ▁S EL RES ▁assigned ▁to ▁front - line ▁operational ▁units , ▁such ▁as ▁Naval ▁A vi ators , ▁Naval ▁Flight ▁Off ic ers , ▁Naval ▁Flight ▁Sur ge ons ▁and ▁en listed ▁personnel ▁assigned ▁to ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁or ▁Active - Res erve ▁Integr ated ▁( AR I ) ▁av iation ▁squad rons ▁and ▁wings , ▁or ▁personnel ▁assigned ▁to ▁major ▁combat ant ▁command , ▁Fleet ▁and ▁other ▁major ▁staff ▁positions , ▁are ▁typically ▁funded ▁for ▁far ▁more ▁duty ▁than ▁the ▁weekend ▁per ▁month / two ▁weeks ▁per ▁year ▁construct , ▁often ▁well ▁in ▁excess ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 - man - days ▁per ▁year . ▁S EL RES ▁have ▁also ▁performed ▁additional ▁duty ▁in ▁times ▁of ▁war ▁or ▁national ▁crisis , ▁often ▁being ▁recalled ▁to ▁full - time ▁active ▁duty ▁for ▁one , ▁two ▁or ▁three ▁or ▁more ▁years ▁and ▁deploy ing ▁to ▁overseas ▁locations |
▁or ▁aboard ▁war ships , ▁as ▁has ▁been ▁recently ▁seen ▁during ▁Operations ▁End uring ▁Freedom ▁and ▁Iraq i ▁Freedom . ▁ ▁Full ▁Time ▁Support ▁ ▁F TS , ▁previously ▁known ▁as ▁T AR ▁( Tr aining ▁and ▁Administration ▁of ▁the ▁Reserve ), ▁serve ▁in ▁uniform ▁all ▁year ▁round ▁and ▁provide ▁administrative ▁support ▁to ▁S EL RES ▁and ▁operational ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Navy . ▁They ▁are ▁full - time ▁career ▁active ▁duty ▁personnel , ▁but ▁res ide ▁in ▁the ▁Reserve ▁Component ▁( RC ), ▁and ▁perform ▁a ▁role ▁similar ▁to ▁Active ▁Guard ▁and ▁Reserve ▁( AG R ), ▁Air ▁Reserve ▁Techn ician ▁( ART ) ▁and ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Techn ician ▁in ▁the ▁Air ▁Force ▁Reserve ▁Command , ▁the ▁Air ▁National ▁Guard , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Reserve , ▁and ▁the ▁Army ▁National ▁Guard . ▁ ▁Individual ▁Read y ▁Reserve ▁▁ ▁The ▁Individual ▁Read y ▁Reserve ▁( IR R ) ▁do ▁not ▁typically ▁dr ill ▁or ▁train ▁regularly , ▁but ▁can ▁be ▁recalled ▁to ▁service ▁in ▁a ▁full ▁mobil ization ▁( requ iring ▁a ▁President ial ▁order ). ▁Some ▁I RR ▁personnel ▁who ▁are ▁not ▁currently ▁assigned ▁to ▁S EL RES ▁bil lets , ▁typically ▁senior ▁commissioned ▁officers ▁in ▁the ▁ranks ▁of ▁commander ▁or ▁captain ▁for ▁whom ▁S EL RES ▁bil lets ▁are ▁limited , ▁will ▁serve ▁in ▁Vol unte er ▁Training ▁Un its ▁( VT U ) ▁or ▁will ▁be ▁support ▁assigned ▁to ▁established ▁active ▁duty ▁or ▁reserve ▁commands ▁while ▁in ▁a ▁VT U ▁status . ▁These ▁personnel ▁will ▁dr ill ▁for |
▁points ▁but ▁no ▁pay ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁eligible ▁for ▁Annual ▁Training ▁with ▁pay . ▁However , ▁they ▁remain ▁eligible ▁for ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁active ▁duty ▁with ▁pay ▁and ▁mobil ization . ▁ ▁The ▁largest ▁source ▁of ▁I RR ▁Off ic ers ▁in ▁the ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁are ▁commissioned ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Mer chant ▁Marine ▁Academy ▁and ▁compr ise ▁more ▁than ▁ 7 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ' s ▁Strateg ic ▁Se al ift ▁Officer ▁Community ▁which ▁is ▁focused ▁on ▁strategic ▁seal ift ▁and ▁sea - based ▁log istics . ▁ ▁M obil ization ▁ ▁Res erv ists ▁are ▁called ▁to ▁active ▁duty , ▁or ▁mobil ized , ▁as ▁needed ▁and ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁sign ▁paper work ▁acknowled ging ▁this ▁possibility ▁upon ▁en rollment ▁in ▁the ▁reserve ▁program . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 1 ▁September ▁attacks ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Res erv ists ▁were ▁mobil ized ▁to ▁support ▁combat ▁operations . ▁The ▁War ▁on ▁T error ism ▁has ▁even ▁seen ▁the ▁activation ▁of ▁a ▁Reserve ▁squad ron , ▁the ▁V FA - 2 0 1 ▁Hun ters , ▁flying ▁F / A - 1 8 ▁Horn et ▁aircraft , ▁which ▁deployed ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁USS ▁Theod ore ▁Roosevelt ▁( CV N - 7 1 ). ▁Additionally , ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 2 , 0 0 0 ▁Navy ▁Res erv ists ▁have ▁been ▁mobil ized ▁and ▁deployed ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁Iraq ▁and ▁Afghanistan , ▁including ▁more ▁than ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁who ▁have ▁done ▁a ▁second ▁combat ▁tour |
. ▁They ▁have ▁served ▁alongside ▁Army , ▁Marine , ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁and ▁service ▁personnel ▁from ▁other ▁countries , ▁performing ▁such ▁missions ▁as ▁counter ing ▁deadly ▁impro vised ▁explos ive ▁devices , ▁construct ing ▁military ▁bases , ▁escort ing ▁ground ▁con vo ys , ▁operating ▁hospitals , ▁performing ▁intelligence ▁analysis , ▁guard ing ▁prisoners , ▁and ▁doing ▁customs ▁ins pe ctions ▁for ▁units ▁returning ▁from ▁deploy ments . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Ref lect ing ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁Res erv ists ▁in ▁the ▁naval ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁first ▁citizen ▁sail ors ▁put ▁to ▁sea ▁even ▁before ▁the ▁Contin ental ▁Congress ▁created ▁the ▁Contin ental ▁Navy , ▁for er un ner ▁of ▁today ' s ▁U . S . ▁Navy . ▁On ▁ 1 2 ▁June ▁ 1 7 7 5 , ▁inspired ▁to ▁act ▁after ▁hearing ▁the ▁news ▁of ▁Min ut emen ▁and ▁British ▁regular s ▁batt ling ▁on ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁Lex ington ▁and ▁Con cord , ▁citizens ▁of ▁the ▁seas ide ▁town ▁of ▁Mach ias , ▁Maine , ▁command e ered ▁the ▁sch oon er ▁Un ity ▁and ▁engaged ▁the ▁British ▁war ship ▁H MS ▁Marg are tta , ▁board ing ▁her ▁and ▁forcing ▁her ▁surrender ▁after ▁bitter ▁close ▁quarters ▁combat . ▁In ▁the ▁en su ing ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution , ▁the ▁small ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁Contin ental ▁Navy ▁necess itated ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁citizen ▁sail ors , ▁who ▁put ▁to ▁sea ▁man ning ▁private ers , ▁their ▁far - fl ung ▁ra ids |
▁against ▁the ▁British ▁merchant ▁fleet ▁as ▁important ▁as ▁the ▁sea ▁battles ▁of ▁John ▁Paul ▁Jones ▁in ▁establishing ▁the ▁American ▁naval ▁tradition . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution , ▁the ▁expense ▁of ▁maintaining ▁a ▁standing ▁navy ▁was ▁deemed ▁too ▁great , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁selling ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁Contin ental ▁Navy ▁ship ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 5 . ▁However , ▁attacks ▁by ▁Barb ary ▁pir ates ▁against ▁American ▁merchant ▁vessels ▁in ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁Sea ▁prompt ed ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁course ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 4 . ▁A ▁navy ▁that ▁helped ▁give ▁birth ▁to ▁the ▁nation ▁was ▁now ▁deemed ▁essential ▁to ▁preserv ing ▁its ▁security , ▁which ▁faced ▁its ▁most ▁serious ▁threat ▁during ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 8 1 2 . ▁Not ▁only ▁did ▁reserv ists ▁raid ▁British ▁commerce ▁on ▁the ▁high ▁seas , ▁but ▁they ▁also ▁out f itted ▁a ▁fleet ▁of ▁barg es ▁called ▁the ▁C hes ape ake ▁Bay ▁Fl ot illa ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁defend ▁that ▁vital ▁body ▁of ▁water ▁against ▁British ▁invasion . ▁Though ▁overwhelmed ▁by ▁an ▁enemy ▁superior ▁in ▁numbers , ▁these ▁men , ▁most ▁recru ited ▁from ▁Baltimore , ▁continued ▁to ▁wage ▁war ▁on ▁land , ▁joining ▁in ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁Having ▁fought ▁against ▁a ▁foreign ▁power , ▁naval ▁reserv ists ▁faced ▁a ▁much ▁different ▁struggle ▁with ▁the ▁outbreak ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁War , ▁which ▁divided ▁a ▁navy ▁and ▁a ▁nation . ▁Within ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁attack , ▁President ▁Abraham ▁Lincoln ▁authorized ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁personnel |
▁levels ▁of ▁the ▁Navy , ▁which ▁assumed ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁strategy ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁with ▁a ▁block ade ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁and ▁a ▁campaign ▁to ▁secure ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River . ▁By ▁war ' s ▁end ▁the ▁Navy ▁had ▁grown ▁from ▁a ▁force ▁number ing ▁ 9 , 9 4 2 ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁to ▁one ▁man ned ▁by ▁ 5 8 , 2 9 6 ▁sail ors . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 0 1 , 2 0 7 ▁men ▁from ▁twenty - one ▁states ▁en listed ▁during ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁volunteers ▁were ▁present ▁during ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁stor ied ▁naval ▁eng ag ements ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War , ▁including ▁serving ▁in ▁Monitor ▁during ▁her ▁battle ▁with ▁CSS ▁Virginia ▁and ▁the ▁d aring ▁mission ▁to ▁destroy ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁iron cl ad ▁CSS ▁Alber mar le . ▁The ▁latter ▁action ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁award ing ▁of ▁the ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁to ▁six ▁reserve ▁en listed ▁men . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁any ▁major ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁the ▁post - C ivil ▁War ▁years , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁appearance ▁and ▁missions ▁of ▁the ▁force ▁it ▁had ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 . ▁Then ▁came ▁publication ▁of ▁naval ▁the or ist ▁Captain ▁Alfred ▁Th ayer ▁Mah an ' s ▁land mark ▁study ▁The ▁In flu ence ▁of ▁Sea ▁Power ▁Upon ▁History , ▁which ▁in ▁part ▁prompt ed ▁a ▁modern ization ▁of ▁the ▁U . |
S . ▁fleet ▁and ▁brought ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁calls ▁for ▁an ▁organized ▁naval ▁reserve ▁to ▁help ▁man ▁these ▁more ▁advanced ▁ships . ▁In ▁the ▁meantime , ▁state ▁naval ▁milit ias ▁represented ▁the ▁Navy ' s ▁man power ▁reserve , ▁demonstr ating ▁their ▁capabilities ▁during ▁the ▁Spanish – American ▁War ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁assist ed ▁in ▁coastal ▁defense ▁and ▁served ▁aboard ▁ship . ▁Mil it iam en ▁from ▁Massachusetts , ▁New ▁York , ▁Michigan , ▁and ▁Maryland ▁man ned ▁four ▁aux iliary ▁cru is ers — P ra ir ie , ▁Yan kee , ▁Y ose m ite , ▁and ▁D ix ie — see ing ▁action ▁off ▁Cuba . ▁All ▁told , ▁some ▁ 2 6 3 ▁officers ▁and ▁ 3 , 8 3 2 ▁en listed ▁men ▁of ▁various ▁state ▁naval ▁milit ias ▁answered ▁the ▁call ▁to ▁arms . ▁ ▁As ▁successful ▁as ▁the ▁state ▁naval ▁milit ias ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish – American ▁War , ▁which ▁made ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁a ▁world ▁power , ▁events ▁unf olding ▁in ▁Europe ▁following ▁the ▁turn ▁of ▁the ▁century ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁a ▁modern ▁war ▁at ▁sea ▁required ▁a ▁federal ▁naval ▁reserve ▁force . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁formally ▁funded ▁naval ▁reserve ▁force ▁was ▁organized ▁around ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Mer chant ▁Marine ▁with ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Mer chant ▁Marine ▁Reserve , ▁then ▁called ▁the ▁Naval ▁A ux iliary ▁Reserve , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁outbreak ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of |
▁the ▁Navy ▁Joseph us ▁Daniel s ▁and ▁his ▁assistant , ▁a ▁young ▁New ▁York er ▁named ▁Franklin ▁D . ▁Roosevelt , ▁launched ▁a ▁campaign ▁in ▁Congress ▁to ▁appropriate ▁funding ▁for ▁such ▁a ▁force . ▁Their ▁efforts ▁brought ▁passage ▁of ▁legislation ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁creating ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁Force , ▁whose ▁members ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁cock p its ▁of ▁bi pl anes ▁and ▁h unted ▁enemy ▁U - bo ats ▁during ▁the ▁Great ▁War . ▁ ▁Though ▁the ▁financial ▁difficulties ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Dep ression ▁and ▁inter war ▁isolation ism ▁translated ▁into ▁difficult ▁times ▁for ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve , ▁the ▁organiz ational ▁structure ▁per se ver ed ▁and ▁expanded ▁with ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁Naval ▁A vi ation ▁Cad et ▁program ▁and ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁Officer ▁Training ▁Corps . ▁When ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁er upt ed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁was ▁ready . ▁By ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁virtually ▁all ▁of ▁its ▁members ▁were ▁serving ▁on ▁active ▁duty , ▁their ▁numbers ▁dest ined ▁to ▁sw ell ▁when ▁Japanese ▁planes ▁ro ared ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁clear ▁blue ▁sky ▁over ▁Pearl ▁Harbor ▁on ▁ 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁Navy ▁reserve ▁sail ors ▁from ▁Minnesota ▁aboard ▁the ▁USS ▁Ward ▁fired ▁the ▁first ▁U . S . ▁shots ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁by ▁s inking ▁a ▁Japanese ▁mini - sub mar ine ▁outside ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁Pearl ▁Harbor . ▁Over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the |
▁en su ing ▁four ▁years , ▁the ▁Navy ▁would ▁grow ▁from ▁a ▁force ▁of ▁ 3 8 3 , 1 5 0 ▁to ▁one ▁that ▁at ▁its ▁peak ▁number ed ▁ 3 , 4 0 5 , 5 2 5 , ▁the ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁them ▁reserv ists , ▁including ▁five ▁future ▁U . S . ▁pres idents . ▁ ▁The ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁brought ▁a ▁different ▁struggle ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁Cold ▁War , ▁which ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁nearly ▁five ▁decades ▁was ▁w aged ▁with ▁the ▁ha unting ▁spect er ▁of ▁nuclear ▁war . ▁Cold ▁War ▁batt leg round s ▁took ▁naval ▁reserv ists ▁to ▁Korea , ▁where ▁a ▁massive ▁mobil ization ▁of ▁" Week end ▁War riors " ▁filled ▁out ▁the ▁complement s ▁of ▁ships ▁pulled ▁from ▁m oth ball s ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁sent ▁car riers ▁to ▁sea ▁with ▁almost ▁their ▁entire ▁emb ark ed ▁air ▁groups ▁consisting ▁of ▁Reserve ▁squad rons . ▁Other ▁calls ▁came ▁during ▁the ▁Berlin ▁Cris is ▁and ▁Vietnam , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁defense ▁build - up ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁pres ided ▁over ▁by ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ▁John ▁Le h man , ▁a ▁naval ▁reserv ist , ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁not ▁only ▁expanded , ▁but ▁also ▁took ▁steps ▁towards ▁greater ▁inter oper ability ▁with ▁the ▁active ▁component ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁equipment . ▁Yet , ▁the ▁divisions ▁between ▁the ▁active ▁and ▁reserve ▁cultures ▁remained ▁distinct . ▁ ▁This ▁began ▁to ▁change ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 |
9 9 0 s ▁as ▁over ▁ 2 1 , 0 0 0 ▁Naval ▁Res erv ists ▁supported ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁Gulf ▁War ' s ▁Operations ▁Des ert ▁Sh ield ▁and ▁Des ert ▁Storm , ▁which ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁the ▁ongoing ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁Since ▁that ▁time , ▁whether ▁responding ▁to ▁the ▁ethnic ▁cle ans ing ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Y ug oslav ia ▁or ▁the ▁threat ▁of ▁world ▁terror ism , ▁the ▁latter ▁coming ▁to ▁the ▁fore front ▁in ▁the ▁attacks ▁against ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁and ▁the ▁Pent agon ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁recently ▁renamed ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁has ▁transformed ▁from ▁a ▁force ▁in ▁waiting ▁for ▁massive ▁mobil ization ▁to ▁an ▁integral ▁component ▁in ▁carrying ▁out ▁the ▁mission ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy . ▁As ▁Admiral ▁William ▁J . ▁Fall on ▁stated , ▁" We ▁must ▁remember ▁that ▁the ▁Res erves , ▁which ▁represent ▁twenty ▁percent ▁of ▁our ▁war f ight ing ▁force , ▁are ▁absolutely ▁vital ▁to ▁our ▁Navy ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁fight ▁and ▁win ▁wars ▁now ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁future ." ▁ ▁Command ers ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁was ▁established ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁Naval ▁Reserve , ▁with ▁the ▁consolid ation ▁of ▁the ▁Navy ▁Air ▁and ▁Sur face ▁Reserve ▁headquarters ▁organizations ▁at ▁the ▁Naval ▁Support ▁Activity , ▁NAS ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Louisiana ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁En listed ▁entry ▁and ▁service ▁ ▁Pers ons ▁who ▁en list ▁in ▁the ▁Active |
▁duty ▁program ▁first ▁sign ▁a ▁contract ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁Read y ▁Reserve ▁for ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁time ▁that ▁coinc ides ▁with ▁time ▁served ▁as ▁Active ▁D uty . ▁Upon ▁separation ▁from ▁Active ▁D uty , ▁members ▁may ▁still ▁be ▁oblig ated ▁by ▁their ▁reserve ▁contract ▁if ▁it ▁has ▁not ▁exp ired . ▁The ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁contract ▁may ▁be ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Se lected ▁Reserve ▁or ▁the ▁Individual ▁Read y ▁Reserve . ▁ ▁Prior ▁service ▁en list ees ▁may ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁affiliate ▁with ▁the ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁in ▁their ▁active ▁duty ▁rating ▁( job ▁special ty ) ▁and ▁pay grade . ▁ ▁Non - p rior ▁service ▁en list ees ▁are ▁sent ▁to ▁Initial ▁Active ▁D uty ▁Training ▁( I AD T ), ▁also ▁called ▁boot ▁camp , ▁located ▁at ▁Naval ▁Station ▁Great ▁L akes ▁in ▁Illinois ▁( same ▁location ▁as ▁Active ▁D uty ▁training ) ▁and ▁qualify ▁for ▁a ▁specific ▁b illet ▁( job ) ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁rate ▁permanent . ▁Very ▁few ▁ratings ▁are ▁available ▁to ▁non - p rior ▁service ▁personnel . ▁Based ▁upon ▁their ▁skill ▁sets , ▁members ▁will ▁enter ▁into ▁service ▁at ▁pay grades ▁E - 1 ▁through ▁E - 3 . ▁Although ▁non - p rior ▁service ▁recru its ▁are ▁paid ▁from ▁their ▁first ▁day ▁at ▁the ▁advanced ▁pay ▁grade , ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁entitled ▁to ▁wear ▁the ▁ins ign ia ▁sign ifying ▁their ▁rank ▁until ▁they ▁successfully ▁complete ▁boot ▁camp . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁boot ▁camp , ▁the ▁reserv ist |
▁usually ▁trains ▁at ▁a ▁Navy ▁Oper ational ▁Support ▁Center ▁( NO SC ) ▁again ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁final ▁" Phase ▁IV " ▁requirements . ▁After ▁that , ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁is ▁sent ▁to ▁a ▁reserve ▁unit . ▁ ▁Typ ically , ▁the ▁Res erv ist ▁is ▁required ▁to ▁dr ill ▁one ▁weekend ▁every ▁month ▁and ▁spend ▁a ▁consecutive ▁two - week ▁period ▁every ▁year ▁at ▁a ▁regular ▁Navy ▁base ▁or ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁ship . ▁While ▁training ▁either ▁for ▁just ▁a ▁weekend ▁or ▁during ▁the ▁two ▁weeks , ▁the ▁Res erv ist ▁is ▁on ▁active ▁duty ▁and ▁the ▁full ▁spectrum ▁of ▁rules ▁and ▁regulations , ▁including ▁the ▁Un iform ▁Code ▁of ▁Military ▁Justice , ▁apply . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁reserv ists ▁are ▁allowed ▁to ▁serve ▁simultaneously ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁naval ▁milit ia ▁of ▁their ▁state ▁of ▁residence ; ▁however , ▁when ▁called ▁into ▁federal ▁service , ▁reserv ists ▁are ▁relieved ▁from ▁service ▁and ▁duty ▁in ▁the ▁naval ▁milit ia ▁until ▁released ▁from ▁active ▁duty . ▁ ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁benefits ▁Medical ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁new ▁system , ▁dr illing ▁reserv ists ▁will ▁pay ▁$ 4 7 . 9 0 ▁a ▁month ▁for ▁self - only ▁coverage , ▁or ▁$ 2 1 0 . 8 3 ▁a ▁month ▁for ▁self ▁and ▁family ▁coverage . ▁This ▁repl aces ▁the ▁complex ▁qual ification ▁rules ▁previously ▁in ▁place ▁for ▁Res erv ists ▁receiving ▁Tr ic are ▁coverage . ▁With ▁the ▁new ▁rule , ▁the ▁only ▁requirement ▁is ▁being ▁in ▁Sel Res |
, ▁meaning ▁the ▁sail or ▁dr ills ▁one ▁weekend ▁each ▁month . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Navy ▁Res erv ists ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁Mont gomery ▁G . I . ▁Bill , ▁which ▁covers ▁graduate ▁and ▁under graduate ▁degrees , ▁voc ational ▁and ▁technical ▁school ▁training ▁offered ▁by ▁an ▁inst itute ▁for ▁higher ▁learning ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁approved ▁for ▁G . I . ▁Bill ▁benefits , ▁tu ition ▁assistance , ▁and ▁lic ensing ▁and ▁certification ▁testing ▁re im bur se ment . ▁On - the - job ▁training , ▁app rent ices hip , ▁correspondence , ▁flight , ▁and ▁prepar atory ▁courses ▁might ▁also ▁be ▁covered . ▁With ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 ▁days ▁of ▁qual ifying ▁accum ulated ▁active ▁duty ▁service , ▁Navy ▁Res erv ists ▁can ▁qualify ▁for ▁benefits ▁under ▁the ▁Post - 9 / 1 1 ▁G I ▁Bill . ▁ ▁Insurance ▁Family ▁Serv ic em em bers ' ▁Group ▁Life ▁Insurance ▁( FS GL I ) ▁is ▁a ▁program ▁extended ▁to ▁the ▁sp ouses ▁and ▁dependent ▁children ▁of ▁members ▁ins ured ▁under ▁the ▁S GL I ▁program . ▁F S GL I ▁provides ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁maximum ▁of ▁$ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁of ▁insurance ▁coverage ▁for ▁sp ouses , ▁not ▁to ▁exceed ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁S GL I ▁the ▁ins ured ▁member ▁has ▁in ▁force , ▁and ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁dependent ▁children . ▁Sp ous al ▁coverage ▁is ▁issued ▁in ▁incre ments ▁of ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ |
▁Comm iss ary ▁and ▁Exchange ▁Use ▁Res erv ists ▁and ▁immediate ▁family ▁members ▁with ▁dependent ▁ID ▁cards ▁are ▁allowed ▁to ▁shop ▁at ▁all ▁U . S . ▁military ▁base ▁comm iss aries ▁( super ▁markets ) ▁and ▁base / post ▁ex changes . ▁ ▁Tax ▁benefits ▁The ▁Hero es ▁E arning ▁Ass istance ▁and ▁Rel ief ▁Tax ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( HE ART ) ▁makes ▁permanent ▁two ▁important ▁tax ▁code ▁provisions ▁contained ▁in ▁the ▁P ension ▁Protection ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁first ▁provision ▁created ▁an ▁exception ▁for ▁mobil ized ▁Res erv ists ▁to ▁make ▁early ▁withdraw als ▁from ▁retirement ▁plans ▁without ▁trigger ing ▁an ▁early ▁withdrawal ▁tax . ▁The ▁second ▁provision ▁allows ▁a ▁Res erv ist ▁who ▁received ▁a ▁qualified ▁distribution ▁to ▁contribute ▁the ▁funds ▁to ▁an ▁Individual ▁Ret irement ▁Account ▁( IR A ), ▁during ▁the ▁two - year ▁period ▁beginning ▁after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁active ▁duty ▁period . ▁The ▁I RA ▁dollar ▁limitations ▁will ▁not ▁apply ▁to ▁any ▁contribution ▁made ▁following ▁this ▁special ▁rep ay ment ▁rule . ▁ ▁Job ▁security ▁ ▁The ▁Un iform ed ▁Services ▁Em ployment ▁and ▁Re em ployment ▁Rights ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( US ERR A ) ▁is ▁a ▁federal ▁law ▁intended ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁persons ▁who ▁serve ▁or ▁have ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Ar med ▁Forces , ▁Res erves , ▁National ▁Guard ▁or ▁other ▁" uniform ed ▁services " ▁are ▁not ▁disadv ant aged ▁in ▁their ▁civilian ▁careers ▁because ▁of |
▁their ▁service ; ▁are ▁prompt ly ▁re em ployed ▁in ▁their ▁civilian ▁jobs ▁upon ▁their ▁return ▁from ▁duty ; ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁discrim inated ▁against ▁in ▁employment ▁based ▁on ▁past , ▁present , ▁or ▁future ▁military ▁service . ▁The ▁federal ▁government ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁" model ▁employer " ▁under ▁US ERR A . ▁ ▁Prom ot ions ▁ ▁Res erv ists ▁receive ▁the ▁same ▁promotion ▁opportunities ▁as ▁active ▁duty ▁sail ors ▁except ▁they ▁compete ▁against ▁other ▁Res erv ists . ▁ ▁Dis count s ▁Res erv ists ▁holding ▁their ▁military ▁ID ▁cards ▁are ▁also ▁entitled ▁to ▁receive ▁military ▁discount s ▁at ▁a irlines , ▁restaurants , ▁home ▁improvement ▁stores , ▁etc . ▁like ▁their ▁active ▁duty ▁counter parts . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁ ▁Ret ired ▁Navy ▁Res erv ists ▁qualify ▁for ▁Veter ans ▁Pre ference ▁if ▁mobil ized ▁under ▁US ▁Code , ▁Title ▁ 1 0 ▁or ▁if ▁they ▁have ▁completed ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 8 0 ▁days ▁of ▁continuous ▁active ▁duty . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁At ▁least ▁three ▁characters ▁in ▁popular ▁TV ▁shows ▁were ▁officers ▁in ▁the ▁Navy ▁Reserve . ▁ ▁These ▁were ▁L t . Comm ander ▁Steve ▁McG ar rett ▁of ▁Hawaii ▁Five - O , ▁Captain ▁R . ▁Qu inc y ▁of ▁Qu inc y , ▁M . E ., ▁and ▁L t . Comm ander ▁Thomas ▁Mag num ▁of ▁Mag num ▁PI . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁veterans ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁the ▁Korean ▁War , ▁and ▁Vietnam , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁United ▁States |
▁Military ▁Reserve ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁United ▁States ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Reserve ▁United ▁States ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁Reserve ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁Reserve ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Guard ▁Army ▁National ▁Guard ▁ ▁Air ▁National ▁Guard ▁Naval ▁and ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁Reserve ▁Center ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Today ' s ▁Military ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Un iform ed ▁Services ▁Bl ended ▁Ret irement ▁System ▁- ▁Reserve ▁Component ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁Rec ru iting ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁Official ▁Site ▁Navy ▁Person nel ▁Command ▁United ▁States ▁Mer chant ▁Marine ▁Academy ▁Em ploy er ▁Support ▁of ▁the ▁Guard ▁and ▁Reserve ▁( ES GR ) ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Assistant ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Defense ▁Reserve ▁Affairs ▁TR IC ARE ▁Veter ans ▁Affairs ▁Th rift ▁Sav ings ▁Plan ▁Mont gomery ▁G . I . ▁Bill ▁Un iform ed ▁Services ▁Em ployment ▁and ▁Re em ployment ▁Rights ▁Act ▁" The ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁Dr ill " ▁( The ▁Ill ustr ated ▁American , ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁article ▁describing ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁and ▁first ▁New ▁York ▁dr ill ▁with ▁Navy .) ▁ ▁Reserve ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Navy ▁Reserve <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 8 5 th ▁year ▁of ▁competitive ▁soccer ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁National ▁team ▁ ▁Record ▁ ▁Results ▁The ▁home ▁team ▁or ▁the ▁team ▁that ▁is ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁home ▁team ▁is ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁column ; ▁the ▁away ▁team ▁is ▁ |
▁in ▁the ▁right ▁column . ▁ ▁Go al sc or ers ▁ ▁League ▁tables ▁ ▁Men ▁ ▁Major ▁League ▁Soc cer ▁▁ ▁Play offs ▁ ▁Best ▁of ▁Three ▁series ▁winners ▁will ▁advance . ▁ ▁M LS ▁Cup ▁ ▁A - Le ague ▁▁ ▁Nort heast ▁Division ▁ ▁Atlantic ▁Division ▁ ▁Central ▁Division ▁ ▁Pacific ▁Division ▁ ▁L amar ▁Hunt ▁U . S . ▁Open ▁Cup ▁ ▁Br acket ▁Home ▁teams ▁listed ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁br acket ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁American ▁clubs ▁in ▁international ▁compet itions ▁ ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Galaxy ▁ ▁D . C . ▁United ▁ ▁Seattle ▁Sound ers ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁American ▁compet itions ▁at ▁R SS SF ▁ ▁American ▁national ▁team ▁matches ▁at ▁R SS SF ▁ ▁CON C AC AF ▁Champions ' ▁Cup ▁at ▁R SS SF ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 9 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Individual ▁Long ▁Track ▁World ▁Championship ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁F IM ▁speed way ▁Individual ▁Long ▁Track ▁World ▁Championship . ▁The ▁event ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁in ▁M üh ld orf , ▁West ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁world ▁title ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Ivan ▁Mau ger ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁success ive ▁year . ▁ ▁Final ▁Class ification ▁▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁E ▁= ▁El im inated ▁( no ▁further ▁ride ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Category : S port ▁in ▁West ▁Germany ▁Category : S ports ▁compet itions ▁in ▁West ▁Germany ▁Motor ▁Motor <0x0A> </s> ▁The |
▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁is ▁a ▁sports ▁car ▁designed ▁and ▁developed ▁by ▁Nob le ▁Autom otive , ▁a ▁high - per formance ▁sports ▁car ▁manufacturer ▁based ▁in ▁Le ices ter shire , ▁England . ▁ ▁Production ▁of ▁the ▁M 1 5 ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁begin ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁appeal ▁to ▁a ▁far ▁broader ▁market ▁than ▁the ▁M 1 2 - G TO 3 R ▁or ▁the ▁M 4 0 0 ▁and ▁compete ▁directly ▁with ▁the ▁P ors che ▁ 9 1 1 ▁Tur bo / GT - 3 ▁and ▁Ferr ari ▁F 4 3 0 . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁has ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁features ▁not ▁previously ▁found ▁on ▁Nob les ▁such ▁as ▁satellite ▁navigation , ▁tr action ▁control , ▁electric ▁windows ▁and ▁A BS . ▁ ▁Nob le ▁founder ▁Lee ▁Nob le ▁has ▁been ▁quoted ▁in ▁indicating ▁" the ▁M 1 2 ▁is ▁a ▁great ▁car , ▁but ▁it ' s ▁very ▁focused ▁and ▁[ he ] ▁wanted ▁to ▁produce ▁a ▁super car ▁people ▁could ▁use ▁every ▁day ... ▁It ▁was ▁time ▁for ▁Nob le ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁big ▁step ▁up ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁ref inement , ▁practical ity ▁and ▁style ." ▁ ▁Despite ▁increased ▁comfort ▁and ▁us ability ▁compared ▁to ▁previous ▁Nob le ▁cars , ▁Lee ▁Nob le ▁has ▁also ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁M 1 5 ▁is ▁significantly ▁quick er ▁than ▁the ▁M 4 0 0 ▁around ▁a ▁race ▁track |
. ▁ ▁The ▁car ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁brand ▁new ▁platform ▁with ▁a ▁longitud in ally - mount ed ▁engine ▁connected ▁to ▁a ▁bes po ke ▁gear box ▁created ▁by ▁G raz iano . ▁The ▁double ▁wish bone ▁suspension ▁is ▁a ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁system ▁mounted ▁on ▁the ▁M 4 0 0 . ▁Mount ing ▁the ▁engine ▁longitud in ally ▁( r ather ▁than ▁trans vers ely ▁as ▁on ▁the ▁M 4 0 0 ) ▁allowed ▁the ▁engine ▁designers ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁cooling ▁flow ▁to ▁the ▁engine , ▁which ▁allows ▁the ▁ ▁twin - t ur bo ▁Ford ▁Dur ate c ▁V 6 ▁engine ▁to ▁develop ▁. ▁The ▁engine ▁has ▁been ▁designed ▁to ▁meet ▁European ▁emission ▁standards ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁steel / al umin ium ▁space ▁frame ▁has ▁been ▁designed ▁with ▁a ▁view ▁to ▁passing ▁crash ▁test ▁regulations ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁The ▁M 1 5 ▁is ▁planned ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁Nob le ▁which ▁gains ▁European ▁and ▁US ▁type ▁approval . ▁ ▁Like ▁all ▁the ▁Nob le ▁M ▁models , ▁the ▁M 1 5 ▁has ▁a ▁steel ▁space frame ▁and ▁roll ▁cage ▁covered ▁with ▁graph ite - re in forced ▁plastic ▁body ▁pan elling , ▁vent il ated ▁disc ▁br akes ▁front ▁and ▁rear , ▁but ▁unlike ▁the ▁previous ▁models ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁of ▁a ▁grand ▁tour er / every day ▁sports ▁car ▁( an ▁example ▁of ▁which ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁now - def unct ▁H onda ▁NS X ) ▁rather ▁than ▁an ▁all - out ▁track ▁day ▁car . |
▁ ▁The ▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁acceler ates ▁from ▁ 0 - ▁in ▁ 3 . 4 ▁seconds ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁top ▁speed ▁of ▁. ▁Its ▁body ▁shape ▁is ▁a ▁coup é ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁ 2 ▁seats . ▁In ▁Britain ▁it ▁costs ▁£ 7 4 , 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁When ▁it ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁popular ▁British ▁car ▁TV ▁show ▁Top ▁G ear , ▁it ▁was ▁driven ▁by ▁Richard ▁Ham mond ▁who ▁praised ▁its ▁handling ▁(" it ▁just ▁gri ps ▁and ▁gri ps , ▁and ▁then ▁there ' s ▁a ▁tiny ▁little ▁bit ▁of ▁under ste er ▁to ▁tell ▁you ▁you ' re ▁being ▁a ▁bit ▁of ▁a ▁sp anner .") ▁When ▁it ▁was ▁handed ▁over ▁to ▁Top ▁G ear ' s ▁' t ame ▁racing ▁driver ', ▁The ▁St ig , ▁it ▁completed ▁a ▁lap ▁of ▁their ▁circuit ▁in ▁ 1 : 2 2 . 5 , ▁a ▁time ▁faster ▁than ▁a ▁Ferr ari ▁F 4 3 0 ▁( 1 : 2 2 . 9 ), ▁and ▁an ▁A udi ▁R 8 ▁( 1 : 2 4 . 4 ). ▁It ▁was ▁praised ▁by ▁Jeremy ▁Clark son , ▁who ▁called ▁it ▁" one ▁of ▁those ▁G iant ▁Kill ers ." ▁ ▁The ▁M 1 5 ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Nob le ▁M 6 0 0 ▁in ▁mid - 2 0 1 1 , ▁when ▁all ▁production ▁on ▁the ▁M 1 5 ▁stopped . ▁ ▁D riv etr ain ▁This ▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁has ▁a ▁longitud in ally |
- mount ed ▁rear ▁mid - engine , ▁rear - wheel - drive ▁layout ; ▁ch ass is ▁made ▁of ▁composite ▁body ▁steel ▁space ▁frame ; ▁double ▁wish bone ▁suspension , ▁co il ▁spring s , ▁gas ▁press ur ised ▁damp ers ; ▁ste ering ▁rack - and - pin ion , ▁power ▁assist ed , ▁speed ▁sensitive ; ▁vent il ated ▁disc ▁br akes ▁all - round ; ▁weight ▁; ▁Length ▁/ ▁W idth ▁/ ▁He ight ▁ 4 , 2 7 0 ▁mm ▁( 1 6 8 . 1 ▁in ) ▁/ ▁ 1 , 8 5 0 ▁mm ▁( 7 2 . 8 ▁in ) ▁/ ▁ 1 , 1 1 6 ▁mm ▁( 4 3 . 9 ▁in ); ▁Whe el base ▁/ ▁Track ▁( fr / r ) ▁ 2 , 4 3 8 ▁mm ▁( 9 6 ▁in ) ▁/ ▁ 1 , 5 9 4 ▁mm ▁( 6 2 . 8 ▁in ) ▁/ ▁ 1 , 5 0 3 ▁mm ▁( 5 9 . 2 ▁in ). ▁ ▁Engine ▁The ▁Nob le ▁M 1 5 ▁has ▁a ▁twin - t ur bo ▁ ▁Ford ▁Dur ate c ▁V 6 ▁which ▁produces ▁ ▁at ▁ 6 8 0 0 ▁r pm ▁and ▁ ▁at ▁ 4 8 0 0 ▁r pm ▁of ▁tor que , ▁can ▁acceler ate ▁it ▁from ▁ 0 - ▁in ▁ 3 . 3 ▁seconds ▁and ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁a ▁top ▁speed ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Trans mission ▁The ▁car ▁has ▁a ▁ |
6 - speed ▁manual ▁transmission ▁as ▁standard . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁M 1 5 ▁home page ▁ ▁M 1 5 ▁Category : S ports ▁cars ▁Category : C ars ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Category : R ear ▁mid - engine , ▁rear - wheel - drive ▁vehicles <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁di oc ese ▁is ▁the ▁basic ▁regional ▁unit ▁of ▁many ▁churches . ▁The ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁( each ▁headed ▁by ▁a ▁Bishop ▁of ▁New ▁York ) ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁Ep isc op al ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁in ▁America ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁New ▁York <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁S emp ill , ▁ 2 nd ▁Lord ▁S emp ill ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 5 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁lord ▁and ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁Ren f rew shire . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁William ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁John ▁S emp ill , ▁ 1 st ▁Lord ▁S emp ill ▁and ▁Margaret ▁Col ville , ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁L air d ▁of ▁O ch ilt ree . ▁John ▁was ▁killed ▁at ▁Fl od den ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 3 , ▁while ▁William ▁was ▁still ▁a ▁minor ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁made ▁Lord ▁S emp ill ▁until ▁ 1 5 1 5 . ▁ ▁Fe uding ▁When ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Alb any ▁returned ▁to ▁Scotland ▁as ▁governor ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ |
1 5 2 3 , ▁he ▁sent ▁from ▁D umb art on ▁Castle ▁to ▁Lord ▁S emp ill ▁for ▁ox en ▁to ▁pull ▁the ▁new ▁guns ▁brought ▁from ▁France . ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁father , ▁William ▁continued ▁a ▁fe ud ▁with ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁Gl enc air n ▁and ▁the ▁C unning ham ▁family . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 5 2 7 , ▁he ▁and ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁Cass ill is ▁were ▁declared ▁trait ors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 4 0 , ▁William ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁Lord ▁High ▁Tre as urer ▁of ▁Scotland ▁£ 6 6 - 1 3 s - 4 d ▁as ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁a ▁p ardon ▁or ▁a ▁rem ission ▁for ▁a ▁crime ▁committed ▁by ▁himself ▁and ▁his ▁friends . ▁ ▁Family ▁William ' s ▁first ▁wife , ▁was ▁Lady ▁Margaret ▁Mont gomery , ▁el dest ▁daughter ▁of ▁Hugh ▁Mont gom erie , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁E gl inton . ▁Margaret ▁Mont gomery ▁was ▁desc ended ▁from ▁Robert ▁II ▁of ▁Scotland ▁through ▁ 5 ▁generations . ▁So ▁descend ants ▁of ▁this ▁marriage ▁are ▁desc ended ▁from ▁many ▁Scottish ▁mon arch s ▁up ▁to ▁Robert ▁II , ▁and ▁also ▁from ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁kings ▁( through ▁the ▁marriage ▁of ▁Mal colm ▁III ▁of ▁Scotland ▁to ▁Saint ▁Margaret ▁of ▁Scotland ). ▁ ▁The ▁marriage ▁was ▁comm emor ated ▁with ▁carved ▁stone ▁her ald ry ▁at ▁Castle ▁Sem ple ▁Col leg iate ▁Church . ▁Second ly , ▁William ▁married ▁Elizabeth ▁Ar not , ▁third |
ly ▁William ▁married ▁Mar i ota ▁or ▁Mar ion ▁Mont gomery , ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁Mont gom erie ▁of ▁H ess il head . ▁ ▁Mar ion ▁Mont gomery ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁married ▁to ▁Craw f urd ▁of ▁Auch in arm es , ▁her ▁el dest ▁son ▁John ▁Craw f urd ▁was ▁killed ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Pink ie ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 7 . ▁After ▁William ▁S emp ill ' s ▁death , ▁she ▁married ▁John ▁Campbell ▁of ▁Skip n ish , ▁their ▁daughter ▁Jean ▁was ▁an ▁ancest or ▁of ▁the ▁Mar quis ▁of ▁But e . ▁ ▁William ' s ▁el dest ▁son ▁with ▁Lady ▁Margaret , ▁Robert , ▁Master ▁of ▁S emp ill , ▁served ▁at ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁James ▁V ▁of ▁Scotland ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁first ▁cousin ▁William , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Gabriel ▁S emp ill ▁of ▁Lad ym ure ▁and ▁Cath cart . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 5 3 4 ▁Robert ▁had ▁reached ▁his ▁majority , ▁and ▁James ▁V ▁exact ed ▁a ▁financial ▁penalty ▁for ▁his ▁" non - entry " ▁to ▁the ▁Sem ple ▁lands . ▁ ▁Other ▁children ▁include ; ▁ ▁David ▁S emp ill ▁of ▁Cra igin fe och ▁ ▁Helen ▁S emp ill , ▁married ▁All an , ▁Lord ▁Cath cart , ▁who ▁was ▁killed ▁at ▁Pink ie . ▁ ▁Mar ion ▁S emp ill , ▁married ▁St irling ▁of ▁Ke ir . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 5 2 ▁deaths ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁Scottish ▁people |
▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown ▁Category : L ords ▁of ▁Parliament ▁( pre - 1 7 0 7 ) ▁Category : L ords ▁S emp ill <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Clark ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁soccer ▁coach ▁and ▁former ▁professional ▁player ▁who ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Washington . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁James ▁" J am ie " ▁Clark ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁in ▁Aber de en , ▁Scotland . ▁His ▁father ▁is ▁former ▁player ▁Bobby ▁Clark . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁College ▁career ▁Clark , ▁a ▁def ender , ▁played ▁his ▁fresh man ▁season ▁of ▁college ▁soccer ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁before ▁transfer ring ▁to ▁Stanford ▁University , ▁where ▁he ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Clark ▁was ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁M LS ▁College ▁D raft ▁by ▁the ▁San ▁Jose ▁Cl ash . ▁Clark ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁San ▁Jose ▁before ▁he ▁had ▁graduated ▁from ▁college , ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁twenty ▁consecutive ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁during ▁his ▁first ▁season . ▁Clark ▁made ▁ 3 4 ▁league ▁appearances ▁in ▁total ▁for ▁San ▁Jose . ▁While ▁at ▁San ▁Jose , ▁Clark ▁spent ▁a ▁brief ▁loan ▁spell ▁at ▁Scottish ▁side ▁Aber de en , ▁although ▁he ▁never ▁made ▁a ▁league ▁appearance ▁at ▁the ▁club . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁one ▁game ▁on ▁loan ▁to ▁M LS ▁Pro ▁ 4 0 ▁during |
▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁US L ▁A - Le ague ▁season . ▁Clark ▁spent ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁two - and - a - half ▁seasons ▁playing ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Soc cer , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁Scotland ▁to ▁play ▁with ▁F alk irk ▁and ▁Ra ith ▁Ro vers , ▁before ▁being ▁forced ▁to ▁retire ▁from ▁playing ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁gro in ▁injury . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁Clark ▁was ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁Mexico ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁and ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Not re ▁D ame ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Clark ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁He ▁led ▁the ▁Crim son ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 6 – 1 0 – 1 ▁record ▁in ▁his ▁two ▁years ▁there , ▁earning ▁b ids ▁to ▁the ▁NC AA ▁tournament ▁both ▁seasons . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Cre ight on ▁University . ▁He ▁co ached ▁the ▁Blue j ays ▁for ▁one ▁season , ▁leading ▁them ▁to ▁a ▁ 1 3 – 5 – 2 ▁record ▁and ▁an ▁at - large ▁ber th ▁in ▁the ▁NC AA ▁tournament , ▁where ▁Cre ight on ▁reached ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁before ▁losing ▁to ▁SM U ▁in ▁a ▁shoot out . ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁he ▁resigned |
▁at ▁Cre ight on ▁to ▁become ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁H usk ies . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Washington ▁bio ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Aber de en ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ▁managers ▁Category : N orth ▁Carolina ▁Tar ▁He els ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : St an ford ▁Card inal ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : San ▁Jose ▁Earth qu akes ▁players ▁Category : A ber de en ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : M inn esota ▁Th under ▁players ▁Category : F alk irk ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : R a ith ▁Ro vers ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : C re ight on ▁Blue j ays ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁coaches ▁Category : Har vard ▁Crim son ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁coaches ▁Category : W ashington ▁H usk ies ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁coaches ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Soc cer ▁players ▁Category : US L ▁A - Le ague ▁players ▁Category : ML S ▁Pro - 4 0 ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁football ▁managers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁soccer ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : San ▁Jose ▁Earth qu akes ▁draft ▁picks ▁Category : All - American |
▁men ' s ▁college ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Comp act ▁as ▁used ▁in ▁politics ▁may ▁refer ▁broad ly ▁to ▁a ▁p act ▁or ▁treat y ; ▁in ▁more ▁specific ▁cases ▁it ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁The ▁Comp act , ▁the ▁agreement ▁between ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁the ▁volunt ary ▁and ▁community ▁sector ▁in ▁England ▁ ▁Inter state ▁compact ▁ ▁Blood ▁compact , ▁an ▁ancient ▁ritual ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁ ▁Comp act ▁government , ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁colonial ▁rule ▁utilized ▁in ▁British ▁North ▁America ▁ ▁Comp act ▁of ▁Free ▁Association ▁where by ▁the ▁sovere ign ▁states ▁of ▁the ▁Feder ated ▁States ▁of ▁Mic ron es ia , ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Marshall ▁Islands ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Pal au ▁have ▁entered ▁into ▁as ▁associated ▁states ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁May fl ower ▁Comp act , ▁the ▁first ▁governing ▁document ▁of ▁P ly mouth ▁Col ony ▁ ▁United ▁Nations ▁Global ▁Comp act ▁▁ ▁Global ▁Comp act ▁for ▁M igration , ▁a ▁UN ▁non - binding ▁inter govern ment al ▁agreement ▁ ▁Mathemat ics ▁ ▁Comp act ▁element , ▁those ▁elements ▁of ▁a ▁partially ▁ordered ▁set ▁that ▁cannot ▁be ▁sub sum ed ▁by ▁a ▁sup rem um ▁of ▁any ▁directed ▁set ▁that ▁does ▁not ▁already ▁contain ▁them ▁ ▁Comp act ▁operator , ▁a ▁linear ▁operator ▁that ▁takes ▁bounded ▁sub sets ▁to ▁relatively ▁compact ▁sub sets , ▁in ▁functional ▁analysis ▁ ▁Comp act ▁space |
, ▁a ▁top ological ▁space ▁such ▁that ▁every ▁open ▁cover ▁has ▁a ▁finite ▁sub cover ▁ ▁Qu asi - comp act ▁morph ism , ▁a ▁morph ism ▁of ▁schemes ▁for ▁which ▁the ▁inverse ▁image ▁of ▁any ▁quasi - comp act ▁open ▁set ▁is ▁again ▁quasi - comp act ▁ ▁Other ▁uses ▁ ▁Comp act ▁car , ▁a ▁classification ▁of ▁autom obile ▁size ▁ ▁Comp act ▁sport ▁utility ▁vehicle ▁ ▁Comp act ▁( cos met ics ), ▁a ▁case ▁containing ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁of ▁the ▁following , ▁a ▁mirror , ▁pressed ▁powder , ▁and / or ▁a ▁powder ▁p uff ▁ ▁Comp act ▁( new sp aper ), ▁a ▁broad sheet - quality ▁newspaper ▁printed ▁in ▁a ▁tab lo id ▁format ▁ ▁Comp act ▁Software , ▁a ▁technology ▁company ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁ ▁Comp act ▁( TV ▁series ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁British ▁soap ▁opera ▁ ▁Comp act ▁star , ▁also ▁called ▁a ▁compact ▁object , ▁a ▁degener ate ▁star ▁like ▁a ▁neut ron ▁star ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Kom p akt , ▁German ▁record ▁label <0x0A> </s> ▁P ty chos per ma ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁flower ing ▁plant ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁A rec aceae . ▁Most ▁are ▁native ▁to ▁Australia ▁and / or ▁New ▁Gu inea , ▁with ▁a ▁few ▁in ▁the ▁Sol omon ▁Islands ▁and ▁in ▁Mal uk u ▁Province ▁of ▁eastern ▁Indonesia . ▁Some ▁have ▁been ▁cultiv ated ▁abroad ▁as ▁house ▁or ▁garden ▁plants , ▁and ▁reported ly ▁natural ized ▁in ▁certain ▁regions |
▁( Car ib bean , ▁Pol yn es ia , ▁F iji , ▁Florida ). ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁the ▁following ▁species : ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁ambig uum ▁( Be cc .) ▁Be cc . ▁ex ▁Mart elli ▁– ▁western ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁bu abe ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁bur ret ian um ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁D ' Ent rec aste aux ▁Islands ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁c ary ot oid es ▁R id l . ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁c une at um ▁( B ur ret ) ▁Bur ret ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁eleg ans ▁( R . Br .) ▁Bl ume ▁– ▁Queensland ; ▁natural ized ▁in ▁Florida , ▁Pol yn es ia , ▁Domin ican ▁Republic ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁fur cat um ▁( Be cc .) ▁Be cc . ▁ex ▁Mart elli ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁gr ac ile ▁Lab ill . ▁– ▁B ism ar ck ▁Arch ip el ago ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁hal ma her ense ▁Heat ub un ▁– ▁Mal uk u ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁h art mann ii ▁Be cc . ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁la uter bach ii ▁Be cc . ▁– ▁Pap ua |
▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁line are ▁( B ur ret ) ▁Bur ret ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁mac arth ur ii ▁( H . W endl . ▁ex ▁H . J . V e itch ) ▁H . W endl . ▁ex ▁Hook . f . ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea , ▁Queensland , ▁Northern ▁Terr itory ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁macro cer um ▁Be cc . ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁m amb are ▁( F . M . B a iley ) ▁Be cc . ▁ex ▁Mart elli ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁micro c arp um ▁( B ur ret ) ▁Bur ret ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁mo ore an um ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁n icol ai ▁( S ander ▁ex ▁André ) ▁Bur ret ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁pra em ors um ▁Be cc . ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁prop in qu um ▁( Be cc .) ▁Be cc . ▁ex ▁Mart elli ▁– ▁A ru ▁Islands , ▁Sal aw ati ▁Island , ▁K ai ▁Islands ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁pull en ii ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁r amos iss imum ▁Ess |
ig ▁– ▁Louis i ade ▁Arch ip el ago ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁ro ss el ense ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁sal omon ense ▁Bur ret ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea , ▁Sol omon ▁Islands ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁s ander ian um ▁R id l . ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁sche ff eri ▁Be cc . ▁ex ▁Mart elli ▁– ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁stre im ann ii ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁tag ul ense ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Louis i ade ▁Arch ip el ago ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁vest it um ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁P ty chos per ma ▁wait ian um ▁Ess ig ▁– ▁Pap ua ▁New ▁Gu inea ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : A rec aceae ▁gener a ▁Category : Tax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁V ia ▁Wire less ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁American ▁silent ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁ ▁George ▁Fitz ma ur ice ▁and ▁star ring ▁Bruce ▁Mc R ae , ▁G ail ▁K ane ▁and ▁Br andon ▁Hur st . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Bruce ▁Mc R ae ▁ ▁as ▁L t . ▁Som mers ▁▁ ▁G ail ▁K ane ▁ ▁as ▁Frances ▁Dur ant ▁▁ ▁Henry ▁We aver ▁as ▁John ▁Dur ant |
▁▁ ▁Br andon ▁Hur st ▁as ▁Edward ▁Pin ck ney ▁▁ ▁Paul ▁Mc All ister ▁ ▁as ▁Mar sh ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Jay ▁Robert ▁Nash , ▁Robert ▁Con nel ly ▁& ▁Stanley ▁Ralph ▁Ross . ▁M otion ▁Picture ▁Guide ▁Sil ent ▁Film ▁ 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 3 6 . ▁C ine books , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 5 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 s ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁silent ▁feature ▁films ▁Category : American ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁George ▁Fitz ma ur ice <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Yellow ▁Sea ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁South ▁Korean ▁action ▁thr iller ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Na ▁Hong - j in ▁and ▁star ring ▁ ▁Ha ▁Jung - wo o ▁and ▁Kim ▁Y oon - se ok ▁in ▁the ▁lead ▁roles . ▁This ▁film ▁marks ▁the ▁re union ▁of ▁the ▁director ▁and ▁the ▁lead ▁actors ▁who ▁also ▁first ▁collabor ated ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁film ▁The ▁Ch aser , ▁in ▁which ▁Ha ▁Jung - wo o ▁played ▁the ▁ant agon ist ▁and ▁Kim ▁Y oon - se ok ▁played ▁the ▁protagon ist . ▁In ▁The ▁Yellow ▁Sea , ▁Ha ▁Jung - wo o ▁plays ▁the ▁protagon ist ▁while ▁Kim ▁Y oon - se ok ▁plays ▁the |
▁ant agon ist . ▁▁ ▁The ▁film ▁revol ves ▁around ▁a ▁cab ▁driver ▁who ▁agrees ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁a ▁hit ▁on ▁a ▁professor ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁getting ▁his ▁deb ts ▁paid . ▁He ▁soon ▁becomes ▁a ▁f ug itive ▁after ▁the ▁hit ▁goes ▁wrong , ▁and ▁is ▁ch ased ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁police ▁and ▁the ▁gang ster ▁who ▁assigned ▁him ▁the ▁task . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Yellow ▁Sea ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁In ▁nort he astern ▁Chinese ▁city ▁of ▁Yan ji ▁in ▁Yan bian ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Gu - nam ▁( Ha ▁Jung - wo o ), ▁an ▁ethnic ▁Korean , ▁or ▁Jose on j ok , ▁to ils ▁away ▁as ▁a ▁taxi ▁driver . ▁When ▁not ▁working , ▁he ▁is ▁often ▁found ▁at ▁gambling ▁h alls . ▁Gu - nam ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁serious ▁debt . ▁His ▁wife ▁left ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁and ▁promised ▁to ▁send ▁money ▁back . ▁He ▁has ▁yet ▁to ▁hear ▁from ▁her ▁and ▁is ▁tor ment ed ▁by ▁night ma res ▁of ▁her ▁having ▁an ▁extra - mar ital ▁affair . ▁To ▁make ▁matters ▁worse , ▁Gu - nam ▁is ▁fired ▁from ▁his ▁job ▁and ▁debt ▁collect ors ▁take ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁sever ance ▁pay . ▁ ▁Local ▁gang ster , ▁My un ▁Jung - h ak ▁( K im ▁Y oon - se ok ), ▁offers ▁him ▁a ▁deal : ▁if ▁Gu - nam ▁goes ▁to ▁South ▁Korea ▁to ▁kill |
▁a ▁business man , ▁he ▁will ▁get ▁ ▁( ). ▁Gu - nam ▁accepts ▁and ▁leaves ▁for ▁South ▁Korea ▁by ▁train ▁and ▁a ▁r ick ety ▁fishing ▁boat , ▁with ▁ ▁for ▁expenses . ▁ ▁When ▁Gu - nam ▁arrives ▁in ▁South ▁Korea , ▁he ▁carefully ▁sc opes ▁out ▁his ▁target ▁for ▁days , ▁while ▁also ▁searching ▁for ▁his ▁wife . ▁When ▁the ▁time ▁arrives ▁for ▁Gu - nam ▁to ▁take ▁out ▁his ▁target , ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁unexpected ▁events ▁occurs , ▁leaving ▁him ▁desperately ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁way ▁out . ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁police , ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁mob , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ethnic ▁Korean ▁Chinese ▁m af ia , ▁all ▁fr ant ically ▁search ▁for ▁Gu - nam . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁Ha ▁Jung - wo o ▁as ▁Gu - nam ▁ ▁Kim ▁Y oon - se ok ▁as ▁My un ▁Jung - h ak ▁ ▁Jo ▁S ung - ha ▁as ▁T ae - won ▁ ▁Lee ▁Ch ul - min ▁as ▁Ch oi ▁S ung - nam ▁ ▁K w ak ▁Do - won ▁as ▁Prof . ▁Kim ▁Se ung - hy un ▁ ▁Lim ▁Ye - won ▁as ▁Prof . ▁Kim ' s ▁wife ▁ ▁Tak ▁S ung - e un ▁as ▁Gu - nam ' s ▁wife ▁ ▁Kim ▁Ki - hw an ▁as ▁Prof . ▁Kim ' s ▁driver ▁ ▁Ki ▁Se - hy ung ▁as ▁T ae - won ' s ▁sub ord inate ▁ ▁Lee ▁El ▁as ▁J oo - you ng , |
▁T ae - won ' s ▁mist ress ▁ ▁Oh ▁Y oon - h ong ▁as ▁T ae - won ' s ▁wife ▁ ▁Jung ▁Man - s ik ▁as ▁Detect ive ▁ ▁Jung ▁Min - sung ▁as ▁Detect ive ▁ ▁Kim ▁D ong - hy un ▁as ▁Detect ive ▁ ▁Park ▁By ung - e un ▁as ▁bank ▁employee ▁ ▁J ang ▁So - ye on ▁as ▁employee ▁at ▁Do - man ▁Hotel ▁ ▁Yang ▁Ki - won ▁as ▁detective ▁ ▁S ung ▁By ou ng - s ook ▁as ▁Gu - nam ' s ▁mother ▁ ▁Kong ▁Jung - hw an ▁as ▁Je on ▁Pil - ky oo ▁ ▁Ba ek ▁Won - g il ▁as ▁Korean - Ch inese ▁kidn ap per ▁ 1 ▁ ▁K ang ▁Hy un - jo ong ▁as ▁Bus an ▁port ▁sail or ▁ ▁Y oo ▁Ha - b ok ▁as ▁Yan bian ▁taxi ▁boss ▁ ▁Lee ▁He e - jo on ▁as ▁polic eman ▁ ▁Lee ▁Jun - hy e ok ▁as ▁dog ▁seller ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Kim ▁J ae - h wa ▁as ▁Jung - h ak ' s ▁girlfriend ▁( unc red ited ) ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁screen ed ▁in ▁the ▁Un ▁Certain ▁Reg ard ▁section ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Cann es ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Film f est ▁München . ▁ ▁The ▁Australian ▁and ▁UK ▁films ▁rights ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁B ount y ▁Films . ▁The ▁UK ▁release |
▁of ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁The ▁film ▁opened ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁and ▁was ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁selling ▁ 1 . 0 5 ▁million ▁tickets ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁five ▁days ▁of ▁release , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Korean ▁Film ▁Council . ▁The ▁film ▁sold ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 , 1 4 2 , 7 4 2 ▁tickets ▁nation wide . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁received ▁positive ▁critical ▁reviews . ▁The ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁website ▁Rot ten ▁Tom atoes ▁reported ▁that ▁ 8 7 % ▁of ▁ 2 3 ▁critics ▁have ▁given ▁the ▁film ▁a ▁positive ▁reviews . ▁On ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁website ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 7 0 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁positive ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁Mark ▁O ls en ▁of ▁The ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁wrote ▁" A ▁break ne ck ▁mix ▁of ▁bone - cr unch ing ▁f ren etic ism ▁and ▁bloody ▁close - quarters ▁knife - f ight ing ▁with ▁a ▁str and ▁of ▁romantic ▁mel anch oly ". ▁ <0x09> ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ''' s ▁Man oh la ▁D arg is ▁wrote ▁" A ▁rush ▁of ▁a ▁movie ▁from ▁South ▁Korea ▁that ▁sl ips ▁and ▁slides ▁from ▁horror ▁to ▁humor ▁on ▁rivers ▁of ▁blood ▁and ▁offers ▁the ▁ha |
unting ▁image ▁of ▁a ▁man , ▁primitive ▁inc arn ate , ▁beating ▁other ▁men ▁with ▁an ▁enormous , ▁g n aw ed - over ▁meat ▁bone ." ▁ <0x09> The ▁Hollywood ▁Rep orter ' s ▁Maggie ▁Lee ▁stated ▁" The ▁r aging ▁stam ina , ▁un rel ent ing ▁violence , ▁rapid - fire ▁editing ▁and ▁trunc ated ▁narrative ▁all ▁give ▁one ▁no ▁pause ▁for ▁thought ▁or ▁even ▁breath . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁central ▁mystery ▁is ▁revealed ▁in ▁a ▁nice ▁twist , ▁it ▁gets ▁swallowed ▁in ▁the ▁mess y , ▁anti - cl im actic ▁end ." ▁Peter ▁Brad sh aw ▁of ▁The ▁Guard ian ▁added ▁" This ▁no ir ish ▁South ▁Korean ▁gang ster ▁film ▁is ▁a ▁de af ening ▁explosion ▁of ▁energy , ▁gru esome ▁violence ▁and ▁chaos ▁that , ▁despite ▁its ▁impl aus ibilities , ▁has ▁br ash ness ▁and ▁style ... ▁Perhaps ▁The ▁Yellow ▁Sea ▁does ▁not ▁really ▁hang ▁together , ▁and , ▁yes , ▁it ▁could ▁perhaps ▁have ▁lost ▁ 3 0 ▁minutes . ▁But ▁its ▁power ▁and ▁bite - stre ngth ▁are ▁impressive ." ▁Philip ▁K emp ▁of ▁Games Rad ar + ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁two ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁stating ▁" At ▁nearly ▁two ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁hours ▁long , ▁The ▁Yellow ▁Sea ▁is ▁over kill ▁in ▁every ▁sense ." ▁Michael ▁At kins on ▁of ▁The ▁Village ▁Voice '' ▁mentioned ▁" If ▁anything , ▁Na ' s ▁film ▁is ▁too ▁much ▁of ▁a ▁good ▁thing , ▁exceed ing ▁cred ibility ▁too ▁often ▁( the |
▁punch ing - bag ▁hero ▁is ▁far ▁too ▁lucky ▁- ▁good ▁and ▁bad ▁- ▁and ▁absor bs ▁a ▁hilar ious ▁amount ▁of ▁punishment ) ▁in ▁its ▁pursuit ▁of ▁despair ing ▁violence . ▁But ▁that ' s ▁the ▁Korean ▁way , ▁and ▁Na ▁nails ▁down ▁the ▁bottom ▁fe eder ▁real ism ▁while ▁sl ouch ing ▁toward ▁video - game ▁hyper b ole ". ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁( UK ) ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁action ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁action ▁thr iller ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁chase ▁films ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁films ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁action ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁action ▁thr iller ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁contract ▁killing ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁ne o - no ir ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁J il in ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁China ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Na ▁Hong - j in ▁Category : Show box ▁films ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁chase ▁films ▁Category : K ore an - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Gre ya ▁pi per ella ▁is ▁a ▁m oth ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁family ▁Pro d ox idae . ▁In ▁North ▁America ▁it ▁is ▁found ▁from ▁southern ▁British ▁Columbia ▁to ▁central ▁Oregon , ▁west ▁to ▁western ▁Mont ana . ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁isolated ▁population ▁in ▁central ▁California ▁and ▁the ▁species ▁is ▁possibly ▁also |
▁present ▁in ▁New ▁Mexico ▁and ▁Utah . ▁The ▁habitat ▁consists ▁of ▁open , ▁grass y ▁pine ▁forests ▁or ▁rock faces ▁in ▁open ▁country . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 1 6 . 5 - 2 1 . 5 mm . ▁The ▁fore w ings ▁are ▁white ▁or ▁cream ▁colored , ▁sometimes ▁with ▁a ▁str amine ous ▁( st raw ▁colored ) ▁t inge . ▁There ▁are ▁various ▁spots ▁scattered ▁over ▁the ▁wing . ▁The ▁hind w ings ▁are ▁dark er ▁gray . ▁Adult s ▁drink ▁ne ct ar ▁from ▁the ▁flowers ▁of ▁the ▁l ar val ▁hosts . ▁ ▁The ▁l ar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁He uch era ▁cyl ind r ica ▁and ▁He uch era ▁mic ran tha . ▁The ▁l ar va e ▁mine ▁the ▁ped un cle ▁of ▁the ▁host ▁plant . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁Category : Pro d ox idae <0x0A> </s> ▁Le ont od on ▁tar ax ac oid es ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁h awk bit ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁lesser ▁h awk bit , ▁rough ▁h awk bit , ▁or ▁hair y ▁h awk bit . ▁It ▁is ▁native ▁to ▁Europe ▁and ▁North ▁Africa ▁but ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁places ▁across ▁the ▁globe ▁as ▁an ▁introduced ▁species ▁and ▁often ▁a ▁no x ious ▁weed . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁d and el ion - like ▁her b ▁growing ▁patches ▁of ▁many ▁ere ct , ▁le a fl |
ess ▁st ems ▁from ▁a ▁bas al ▁ro set te ▁of ▁leaves . ▁The ▁leaves ▁are ▁ 2 ▁to ▁ 1 5 ▁cent im eters ▁long , ▁ 0 . 5 ▁to ▁ 2 . 5 ▁cent im eters ▁wide , ▁entire ▁or ▁lob ed , ▁and ▁green ▁in ▁color . ▁At op ▁the ▁st ems ▁are ▁sol itary ▁flower ▁heads ▁which ▁are ▁lig ulate , ▁containing ▁lay ered ▁rings ▁of ▁ray ▁fl ore ts ▁with ▁no ▁disc ▁fl ore ts . ▁The ▁fl ore ts ▁are ▁yellow ▁with ▁to ot hed ▁tips . ▁The ▁fruit ▁is ▁a ▁cyl ind rical ▁a che ne ▁with ▁a ▁p app us ▁of ▁scales . ▁F ru its ▁near ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁flower ▁head ▁are ▁rough , ▁while ▁those ▁growing ▁along ▁the ▁edges ▁of ▁the ▁head ▁are ▁smooth . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁J ep son ▁Man ual ▁Treat ment ▁US DA ▁Pl ants ▁Profile ▁Photo ▁gallery ▁Sk ye ▁Fl ora ▁En cycl op edia ▁of ▁Life ▁Fl ora ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁ ▁tar ax ac oid es ▁Category : C ich orie ae ▁Category : Ed ible ▁plants ▁Category : Le af ▁vegetables ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Alabama <0x0A> </s> ▁Par ac ro es ia ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁m oth s ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁sub family ▁T ort ric ina e ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae . ▁They ▁are ▁found ▁mainly ▁in ▁Russia , ▁Japan , ▁and ▁Korea . ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁Par ac ro es ia ▁ab iev ora |
▁Iss iki , ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁ ▁- ▁The ▁hol otype ▁( m ale ) ▁is ▁at ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Natural ▁History , ▁Washington , ▁DC , ▁USA . ▁The ▁type ▁local ity ▁is ▁ ▁Os aka ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Hon sh u , ▁Japan . ▁Par ac ro es ia ▁p ice v ora ▁L iu , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁The ▁hol otype ▁( m ale ) ▁is ▁at ▁Institute ▁of ▁Z ool ogy , ▁Academ ia ▁Sin ica , ▁Beijing , ▁China . ▁The ▁type ▁local ity ▁is ▁T ian z hu , ▁G ans u ▁province , ▁China . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁T ort ric idae ▁gener a ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : T ort ric ini ▁Category : T ort ric idae ▁gener a <0x0A> </s> ▁Pl ute us ▁n ig rov ir id is ▁is ▁a ▁mush room ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Pl ute aceae . ▁Found ▁in ▁Europe , ▁it ▁was ▁first ▁described ▁scientific ally ▁by ▁Hung arian ▁my c ologist ▁Marg it ▁Bab os ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁Chem istry ▁F ruit ▁bodies ▁of ▁the ▁fun g us ▁contain ▁the ▁psy cho active ▁comp ounds ▁ps il oc in ▁and ▁ps il ocy bin . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Pl ute us ▁species ▁List ▁of ▁P sil ocy bin ▁mush rooms ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : F ung i ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Category : |
F ung i ▁of ▁Europe ▁n ig rov ir id is ▁Category : P sy cho active ▁fun gi ▁Category : P sy ched el ic ▁try pt amine ▁car riers <0x0A> </s> ▁T oni ▁Ord inas ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Spanish ▁football ▁manager . ▁ ▁H ailing ▁from ▁Mall or ca , ▁Ord inas ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁central ▁def ender ▁for ▁minor ▁clubs ▁including ▁CD ▁L los et ense . ▁He ▁took ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Pro ▁Lic ence ▁in ▁his ▁early ▁ 3 0 s , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁youth ▁coach ▁in ▁numerous ▁Bal ear ic ▁clubs . ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁Norway ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁pursue ▁a ▁career , ▁dou bling ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁School ▁of ▁El ite ▁Sport ▁and ▁St ab æ k ▁F ot ball . ▁ ▁Ord inas ▁led ▁the ▁junior ▁team . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁first - team ▁head ▁coach ▁position ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁season , ▁but ▁was ▁ultimately ▁given ▁the ▁chance ▁when ▁Billy ▁McK in lay ▁was ▁fired ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁After ▁being ▁let ▁go ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁he ▁remained ▁in ▁St ab æ k ' s ▁development ▁team ▁until ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁when ▁he ▁became ▁head ▁player ▁developer ▁in ▁L ill estr ø m ▁SK . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category |
: 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Mall or ca ▁Category : Span ish ▁football ▁managers ▁Category : Span ish ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Norway ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ▁managers ▁in ▁Norway ▁Category : St ab æ k ▁F ot ball ▁managers ▁Category : L ill estr ø m ▁SK ▁non - play ing ▁staff ▁Category : UE FA ▁Pro ▁Lic ence ▁hold ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Tak har ▁University ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁Professor ▁Bur han udd in ▁Rab ban , i ▁leader ▁of ▁J ami at ▁Islam i ▁Afghanistan ▁and ▁mart yr ▁of ▁peace ▁in ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁A q rab ▁ 1 3 7 0 ▁( i . e . ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁in ▁P esh aw ar - P ak istan ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁" Ab d ull ah ▁I bn ▁Mass oud ", ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁T olo q an ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 3 7 3 . ▁By ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 3 7 4 ▁it ▁was ▁registered ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Hig her ▁Education ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁it ▁started ▁its ▁academic ▁activities , ▁establishing ▁two ▁fac ult ies ▁( law ▁and ▁agriculture ). ▁ ▁As ▁any ▁other ▁universities ▁in ▁Afghanistan , ▁Tak har ▁University ▁was ▁closed ▁for ▁students ▁the ▁during ▁the ▁Tal ib an ▁era . ▁Tak har ▁University ▁restart ed ▁its ▁activities ▁containing ▁four ▁fac ult ies ▁( law , ▁literature , ▁agriculture ▁and |
▁education ) ▁after ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁temporary ▁government ▁in ▁Afghanistan ▁in ▁ 1 3 8 1 . ▁It ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁its ▁new ▁building ▁which ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁W ort ab uz ▁( an ▁area ▁ 5 km ▁west ▁of ▁T olo q an ▁City ) ▁in ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁H oot ▁- ▁ 1 3 7 8 . ▁By ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁ 1 3 8 8 ▁it ▁started ▁its ▁academic ▁and ▁administrative ▁activities ▁in ▁two ▁buildings ▁( law ▁fac ult ies ▁administrative ▁and ▁teaching ▁buildings ) ▁and ▁engineering ▁faculty ▁which ▁was ▁planned ▁in ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁this ▁university ▁was ▁activated ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 3 8 9 . ▁Currently ▁( i . e . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁Tak har ▁university ▁has ▁seven ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁ 2 7 ▁departments . ▁They ▁are : ▁ ▁Islamic ▁law ▁( sh aria ) ▁faculty ▁which ▁contains ▁departments ▁of ▁Islamic ▁studies , ▁jur isp rud ence ▁and ▁law , ▁belief ▁and ▁Islamic ▁culture . ▁Agricult ure ▁faculty ▁has ▁three ▁departments ▁which ▁are : ▁agricultural ▁economics ▁extension , ▁h ort icult ure , ▁and ▁liv est ock . ▁Education ▁faculty ▁which ▁contains ▁departments : ▁history , ▁ge ography , ▁mathemat ics , ▁phys ic , ▁chemistry , ▁bi ology , ▁D ari ▁language ▁and ▁literature , ▁and ▁computer ▁science . ▁Language ▁and ▁literature ▁faculty ▁which ▁contains ▁departments : ▁ ▁English , ▁D ari , ▁Pas ht o ▁and ▁U zb ek i . ▁Engineering ▁faculty ▁has ▁two ▁department : ▁civil ▁engineering |
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