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co x ▁House , ▁Y ak ima , ▁Y ak ima ▁County , ▁Washington , ▁N R HP - listed ▁in ▁Y ak ima ▁County ▁Walter ▁D . ▁Wil co x ▁House ▁( bet ter ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Wh itt em ore ▁House ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP - listed ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁Roy ▁Wil co x ▁House , ▁E au ▁Claire , ▁Wisconsin , ▁N R HP - listed ▁in ▁E au ▁Claire ▁County ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Wil co x ▁Building ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Football ▁Un ites , ▁R ac ism ▁Div ides ▁( F UR D ) ▁is ▁a ▁youth ▁and ▁social ▁inclusion ▁project ▁and ▁charity ▁based ▁in ▁She ff ield , ▁England ▁which ▁uses ▁football ▁as ▁a ▁tool ▁to ▁' break ▁down ▁barriers ▁created ▁by ▁ignorance ▁or ▁prejud ice '. ▁ ▁It ▁works ▁locally , ▁nation ally ▁and ▁internation ally ▁to ▁combat ▁racism ▁and ▁increase ▁understanding ▁between ▁different ▁communities . ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁by ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁fans ▁who ▁were ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁rac ially ▁invoked ▁incidents ▁occurring ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁Br am all ▁Lane , ▁especially ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁stadium ▁being ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁particularly ▁eth n ically ▁diverse ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁has ▁since ▁evolved ▁into ▁a ▁wider ▁community ▁project . ▁Wh ilst ▁the ▁organisation ▁uses ▁football ing ▁activities , ▁it ▁is ▁increasingly ▁involved
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▁in ▁more ▁general ▁inclusion ▁work ▁such ▁as ▁delivering ▁anti - rac ist ▁education ▁in ▁schools ▁and ▁providing ▁volunte ering ▁opportunities ▁for ▁young ▁people . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁founding ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁F ARE ▁( Foot ball ▁Against ▁R ac ism ▁in ▁Europe ) ▁network ▁of ▁anti - rac ist ▁organisations . ▁ ▁Football ing ▁work ▁Much ▁of ▁F UR D ' s ▁work ▁focuses ▁on ▁using ▁football ▁as ▁a ▁tool ▁for ▁social ▁change . ▁ ▁This ▁includes ▁using ▁football ing ▁initiatives ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁community , ▁international ▁events ▁and ▁affili ations ▁with ▁professional ▁clubs . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁F UR D ▁hosts ▁subs id ised ▁coaching ▁at ▁She ff ield ▁United ' s ▁Academy , ▁and ▁players ▁who ▁show ▁potential ▁are ▁referred ▁to ▁local ▁professional ▁teams . ▁It ▁was ▁F UR D ' s ▁coaches ▁who ▁recommended ▁Kyle ▁Walker ▁to ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁just ▁seven ▁years ▁old . ▁Walker ▁graduated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁first ▁team ▁before ▁being ▁sold ▁to ▁Tot ten ham ▁Hot sp ur . ▁He ▁has ▁since ▁joined ▁A ston ▁Villa ▁on ▁loan ▁and ▁represented ▁England ▁Men ' s ▁team . ▁F UR D ▁also ▁offers ▁coaching ▁sessions ▁in ▁local ▁schools , ▁often ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁joint ▁package ▁with ▁an ▁educational ▁element . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁also ▁recogn ises ▁women ▁as ▁a ▁marginal ised ▁group ▁in ▁football ▁and ▁has ▁sought ▁to ▁create ▁women ' s ▁initiatives , ▁especially ▁to ▁appeal ▁to ▁those ▁from ▁ethnic ▁minor ities . ▁ ▁Students ▁at ▁The ▁University ▁of
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▁She ff ield ▁conducted ▁a ▁survey ▁called ▁‘ Cross ing ▁the ▁Line ’ ▁which ▁demonstrated ▁the ▁young ▁girls ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁put ▁off ▁from ▁joining ▁in ▁football ▁due ▁to ▁anx ieties ▁over ▁sex ism ▁rather ▁than ▁racism ▁or ▁cultural ▁factors . ▁ ▁Therefore , ▁F UR D ▁has ▁run ▁female - only ▁coaching ▁sessions ▁and ▁girls ’ ▁tour naments ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁regular ▁feature ▁at ▁the ▁annual ▁Community ▁Day ▁at ▁Br am all ▁Lane . ▁ ▁Tour naments ▁Small - s ided ▁tour naments ▁are ▁regularly ▁held ▁by ▁F UR D ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ven ues , ▁often ▁coinc iding ▁with ▁school ▁holidays . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁prest igious ▁tour naments ▁is ▁held ▁at ▁She ff ield ▁United ' s ▁Community ▁Day ▁during ▁the ▁off - season . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁also ▁runs ▁the ▁annual ▁All ▁Nations ▁Tour nament ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁She ff ield ▁and ▁Hall am shire ▁County ▁Football ▁Association ▁for ▁teams ▁of ▁refugees ▁and ▁as yl um ▁ ▁seek ers . ▁F UR D ▁also ▁hosted ▁K ick ▁It ▁Out ’ s ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Un ity ▁Cup , ▁a ▁national ▁tournament ▁for ▁refugees ▁and ▁as yl um ▁seek ers . ▁ ▁Street k ick ▁Street k ick ▁is ▁a ▁portable , ▁infl atable ▁mini ature ▁football ▁pitch ▁which ▁can ▁fit ▁into ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁a ▁van . ▁It ▁enjo ys ▁a ▁cult ▁status ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁F UR D ' s ▁more ▁recogn is able ▁and ▁high - profile ▁areas
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▁of ▁work . ▁ ▁Being ▁highly ▁practical ▁and ▁mobile , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁tou red ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁Championships ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁World ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁pitch ▁sides ▁can ▁be ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁anti - rac ist ▁b anners ▁and ▁it ▁provides ▁a ▁f ocal ▁point ▁for ▁spreading ▁F UR D ' s ▁message . ▁ ▁Link s ▁with ▁professional ▁clubs ▁F UR D ▁works ▁with ▁She ff ield ' s ▁two ▁professional ▁clubs ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁fields ▁to ▁deliver ▁anti - rac ist ▁work . ▁ ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁F UR D ▁works ▁closely ▁with ▁She ff ield ▁United , ▁largely ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁origins ▁stem ming ▁from ▁Bl ades ▁supporters ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁proxim ity ▁of ▁the ▁charity ▁to ▁Br am all ▁Lane . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁has ▁regular ▁articles ▁in ▁the ▁match day ▁programme , ▁anti - rac ist ▁messages ▁displayed ▁on ▁the ▁score board ▁and ▁subs id ised ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁facilities . ▁ ▁Br am all ▁Lane ' s ▁annual ▁Community ▁Day ▁was ▁inst ig ated ▁and ▁largely ▁run ▁by ▁F UR D ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁with ▁the ▁club ▁taking ▁ownership ▁of ▁it ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁F UR D ▁is ▁a ▁partner ▁in ▁She ff ield ▁United ' s ▁K ick z ▁project , ▁which ▁shares ▁F UR D
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' s ▁philosophy ▁about ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁football ▁to ▁bring ▁positive ▁benefits ▁to ▁young ▁people ▁and ▁communities . ▁ ▁She ff ield ▁Wednesday ▁She ff ield ▁Wednesday ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁involved ▁with ▁F UR D ' s ▁work , ▁although ▁to ▁a ▁lesser ▁extent . ▁F UR D ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁O w ls ▁Against ▁R ac ism ▁group , ▁and ▁has ▁run ▁joint ▁educational ▁events ▁through ▁Show ▁R ac ism ▁the ▁Red ▁Card . ▁The ▁club ▁is ▁a ▁partner ▁in ▁F UR D ' s ▁Sound k ick ers ▁music ▁project . ▁ ▁Aff ili ated ▁clubs ▁F UR D ▁supports ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁clubs ▁in ▁She ff ield ' s ▁Sunday ▁le agues , ▁by ▁providing ▁administrative ▁help , ▁coaches , ▁or ▁advice ▁about ▁funding . ▁ ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁was ▁the ▁brain child ▁of ▁Asian ▁teen agers ▁Kam ran ▁Khan , ▁As im ▁Sh az ad ▁and ▁I dr is ▁Ah med ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁F UR D ▁agreed ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁boys ▁undert ake ▁the ▁formal ities ▁required ▁to ▁establish ▁their ▁team ▁and ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁was ▁entered ▁into ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁Regional ▁Alliance ▁Division ▁Two ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 / 1 ▁season . ▁ ▁They ▁encountered ▁plenty ▁of ▁host ility ▁including ▁racism ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁season , ▁but ▁they ▁per se ver ed ▁to ▁finish ▁as ▁run ners - up ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁and ▁gain ▁promotion . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁won ▁promotion ▁in ▁their ▁first
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▁two ▁seasons ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁Regional ▁Alliance ▁League ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁They ▁then ▁entered ▁She ff ield ' s ▁top ▁Sunday ▁League , ▁the ▁M ead ow hall ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 / 5 ▁season . ▁ ▁They ▁have ▁enjoyed ▁considerable ▁success ▁since ▁entering ▁the ▁league , ▁the ▁highlights ▁being ▁lifting ▁the ▁M ead ow hall ▁Sunday ▁League ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁winning ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁Premier ▁Division ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Som ali ▁Bl ades ▁The ▁Som ali ▁Bl ades ▁were ▁established ▁when ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁don ated ▁k its ▁and ▁they ▁rose ▁to ▁prom in ence ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁when ▁they ▁reached ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁Mond ial i ▁Ant ir azz isti ▁in ▁Italy . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁they ▁won ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Philip ▁Lawrence ▁Awards , ▁a ▁national ▁award ▁for ▁good ▁citizens hip , ▁to ▁recogn ise ▁their ▁work ▁in ▁coaching ▁younger ▁Som ali ▁children . ▁ ▁Others ▁Other ▁teams ▁that ▁F UR D ▁has ▁worked ▁with ▁include ▁the ▁African ▁Dream ▁Team , ▁Sur ud ▁United , ▁P orter ▁United , ▁Y emen i ▁United , ▁Sh arrow ▁Athlet ic ▁and ▁F UR D ▁Pos itive ▁Fut ures ▁Under - 1 8 s . ▁ ▁Non - foot ball ing ▁work ▁F UR D ▁is ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁many ▁others ▁aspects ▁of ▁community ▁life ▁in ▁She ff ield ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁further
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▁a field ▁which ▁aren ’ t ▁directly ▁related ▁to ▁football ▁or ▁sport . ▁ ▁Education ▁program mes ▁F UR D ▁runs ▁bes po ke ▁educational ▁sessions ▁in ▁schools , ▁pr isons , ▁host els ▁and ▁youth ▁cent res ▁looking ▁at ▁issues ▁around ▁race , ▁culture , ▁identity ▁and ▁conflict . ▁Educ ational ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁deemed ▁especially ▁necessary ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁reported ▁rise ▁of ▁mis con ceptions ▁of ▁race ▁and ▁ethnic ity ▁and ▁a ▁growth ▁in ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁since ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 th , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁attacks ▁on ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁F UR D ▁also ▁offers ▁training ▁and ▁consultation ▁for ▁professionals . ▁ ▁Resources ▁and ▁information ▁F UR D ▁also ▁has ▁an ▁extensive ▁resources ▁and ▁information ▁library ▁at ▁its ▁office ▁in ▁The ▁St ables ▁block ▁next ▁to ▁Mount ▁Ple asant ▁Community ▁Centre ▁in ▁Sh arrow , ▁She ff ield . ▁ ▁The ▁material ▁stored ▁covers ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁subjects ▁pert aining ▁to ▁all ▁aspects ▁of ▁F UR D ' s ▁work . ▁ ▁The ▁content ▁of ▁the ▁collection ▁is ▁catalog ued ▁and ▁search able ▁online ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁borrow ed ▁upon ▁request . ▁En quir ies ▁about ▁football ▁and ▁equality ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁answered ▁by ▁phone , ▁letter ▁or ▁email , ▁and ▁information ▁is ▁made ▁available ▁online ▁where ▁possible ▁on ▁F UR D ' s ▁website . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁exhib itions ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁hire . ▁F UR D ▁has ▁undert aken ▁in - depth ▁research ▁about ▁the ▁experiences ▁of ▁South ▁African ▁football ers
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▁playing ▁in ▁Britain ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁for ▁an ▁exhibition , ▁‘ Off side ! ▁K ick ▁Out ▁Ign or ance ▁- ▁Football ▁Un ites , ▁R ac ism ▁Div ides ’ ▁on ▁display ▁the ▁Home coming ▁Centre ▁of ▁the ▁District ▁Six ▁Museum ▁in ▁Cape ▁Town ▁from ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Support ing ▁materials ▁are ▁available ▁from ▁F UR D . ▁ ▁Vol unte ering ▁Building ▁on ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁now - def unct ▁Mill enn ium ▁Vol unte ers ▁scheme , ▁F UR D ▁now ▁works ▁with ▁the ▁charity ▁v ▁to ▁inspire ▁hundreds ▁of ▁young ▁people ▁aged ▁ 1 6 – 2 5 ▁to ▁volunteer ▁in ▁their ▁own ▁community . ▁ ▁Vol unt ary ▁opportunities ▁that ▁F UR D ▁offers ▁include ▁working ▁with ▁young ▁off enders , ▁ment or ▁schemes ▁for ▁refugees , ▁football ▁coaching , ▁art ▁and ▁dance ▁workshops , ▁organ ising ▁events , ▁advoc acy / camp aign ing ▁and ▁promotion / public ity . ▁The ▁aims ▁include ▁improving ▁the ▁self - este em , ▁confidence ▁and ▁skills ▁of ▁the ▁participants , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁improvements ▁in ▁community ▁co hes ion . ▁F UR D ' s ▁‘ Y outh ▁Against ▁Conf lict ’ ▁group ▁made ▁a ▁film ▁and ▁education ▁pack , ▁‘ It ’ s ▁Your ▁Call ’, ▁in ▁which ▁young ▁people ▁en act ed ▁conflict ▁scenarios ▁they ▁had ▁experienced , ▁including ▁gang ▁violence ▁and ▁racist ▁bul lying , ▁and
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▁viewers ▁are ▁encouraged ▁to ▁think ▁about ▁and ▁discuss ▁different ▁ways ▁of ▁res olving ▁the ▁issues . ▁ ▁Pos itive ▁Fut ures ▁ ▁F UR D ▁is ▁partner ed ▁with ▁Pos itive ▁Fut ures , ▁a ▁national ▁sports - based ▁inclusion ▁programme . ▁ ▁In ▁partnership ▁they ▁run ▁sports ▁and ▁other ▁activities ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁prevent ▁young ▁people ▁from ▁being ▁soc ially ▁marginal ised ▁and ▁being ▁drawn ▁into ▁crime , ▁drugs ▁and ▁anti - social ▁activity . ▁ ▁Sound k ick ers ▁Fund ed ▁by ▁the ▁Youth ▁Music ▁Power ▁Play ▁fund , ▁Sound k ick ers ▁is ▁an ▁initiative ▁which ▁allows ▁young ▁people ▁to ▁work ▁alongside ▁professional ▁musicians ▁to ▁develop ▁their ▁musical ▁talents . ▁Work shops ▁offer ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁activities ▁including ▁learning ▁DJ ▁skills , ▁writing ▁and ▁recording ▁lyrics , ▁and ▁playing ▁instruments . ▁A ▁ten - track ▁CD ▁is ▁now ▁available ▁show c asing ▁some ▁of ▁talent ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁workshops . ▁ ▁Football : ▁a ▁shared ▁sense ▁of ▁belonging ? ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁ 3 - year ▁research ▁project , ▁funded ▁by ▁the ▁Big ▁Lot tery , ▁which ▁is ▁investig ating ▁the ▁role ▁football ▁may ▁play ▁in ▁fost ering ▁mutual ▁understanding ▁and ▁integration ▁between ▁refugees , ▁as yl um - seek ers ▁and ▁other ▁new ▁migr ants . ▁The ▁project ▁offers ▁opportunities ▁for ▁young ▁people , ▁especially ▁those ▁from ▁refuge e ▁background s ▁themselves , ▁to ▁develop ▁research ▁skills , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁share ▁their ▁own ▁experiences . ▁ ▁Events ▁F UR D ▁often ▁runs ▁events ▁in ▁She ff
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ield ▁using ▁different ▁means ▁to ▁spread ▁their ▁message . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁also ▁supports ▁its ▁volunteers ▁in ▁pione ering ▁their ▁own ▁ideas ▁for ▁new ▁or ▁one - off ▁events . ▁ ▁V ib es ▁& ▁Un ity ▁V ib es ▁& ▁Un ity ▁is ▁a ▁music ▁event ▁held ▁on ▁Dev on shire ▁Green ▁in ▁She ff ield ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁which ▁featured ▁DJ s , ▁sing ers , ▁d ancers ▁and ▁musicians , ▁football , ▁public ▁speakers , ▁food ▁st alls ▁and ▁other ▁entertainment . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁organ ised ▁largely ▁by ▁F UR D ' s ▁young ▁volunteers ▁from ▁the ▁Vin vol ved ▁programme . ▁The ▁main ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁has ▁been ▁on ▁spreading ▁an ▁anti - rac ist ▁message ▁and ▁encouraging ▁young ▁people ▁to ▁use ▁their ▁vote ▁in ▁forth coming ▁elections ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁marginal ise ▁the ▁far - right ▁parties . ▁ ▁Community ▁Day ▁at ▁Br am all ▁Lane ▁Following ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁F UR D ' s ▁two ▁entr ants ▁in ▁the ▁Mond ial i ▁Ant ir azz isti ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁where ▁Som ali ▁Bl ades ▁and ▁the ▁Ab be yd ale ▁Asian ▁Youth ▁Project ▁both ▁made ▁the ▁final , ▁the ▁idea ▁was ▁pit ched ▁to ▁re play ▁the ▁final ▁at ▁Br am all ▁Lane ▁the ▁next ▁summer . ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁evolved ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁first ▁annual ▁Community ▁Day ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁the ▁event ▁has
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▁run ▁almost ▁every ▁year ▁since . ▁ ▁Small - s ided ▁tour naments ▁take ▁place ▁on ▁the ▁pitch ▁and ▁other ▁events ▁take ▁place ▁around ▁and ▁outside ▁the ▁stadium . ▁ ▁The ▁Community ▁Day ▁regularly ▁involves ▁the ▁Street k ick ▁infl atable ▁pitch , ▁a ▁b oun cy ▁castle , ▁live ▁music ▁performances ▁and ▁st alls ▁from ▁local ▁community ▁groups . ▁The ▁Day ▁aims ▁to ▁encourage ▁local ▁people , ▁particularly ▁those ▁from ▁ethnic ▁minor ities , ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁ground ▁and ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁club ▁as ▁a ▁wel coming ▁place . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁running ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁through ▁the ▁United ▁Init iative , ▁the ▁club ' s ▁new ▁community ▁arm , ▁although ▁F UR D ▁is ▁still ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Tim eline ▁of ▁key ▁events ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁– ▁Football ▁Un ites , ▁R ac ism ▁Div ides ▁established ▁by ▁fans , ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁and ▁community ▁groups ▁following ▁attacks ▁on ▁Asian ▁and ▁Som ali ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Br am all ▁Lane . ▁Sep ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁- ▁Public ation ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁' The ▁First ▁Black ▁Football er : ▁Arthur ▁Wh art on ▁ 1 8 6 5 - 1 9 3 0 ' ▁by ▁Phil ▁Vas ili , ▁funded ▁by ▁F UR D . ▁Feb ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁F ARE ▁( Foot ball ▁Against ▁R ac ism ▁in ▁Europe ) ▁network ▁founded
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▁by ▁supporters ' ▁groups ▁in ▁ 1 3 ▁countries . ▁ ▁F UR D ▁is ▁a ▁founder ▁member ▁and ▁partner . ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁F UR D ▁hosts ▁first ▁Community ▁Day ▁at ▁Br am all ▁Lane , ▁which ▁has ▁since ▁become ▁an ▁annual ▁event . ▁Aug ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁– ▁Sh arrow ▁United , ▁with ▁spons orship ▁by ▁F UR D , ▁is ▁entered ▁into ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁Regional ▁Alliance ▁Sunday ▁League ▁and ▁becomes ▁the ▁first ▁predomin antly ▁Asian ▁team ▁in ▁She ff ield ' s ▁local ▁le agues . ▁Oct ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁– ▁John ▁Barn es ▁and ▁other ▁guests ▁speak ▁at ▁the ▁M oving ▁On ▁Up ▁conference ▁at ▁She ff ield ▁Hall am ▁University , ▁organ ised ▁by ▁F UR D ▁and ▁former ▁She ff ield ▁Wednesday ▁and ▁Brad ford ▁player ▁Andy ▁K iw om ya . ▁Nov ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁– ▁F ARE ▁wins ▁M TV ▁Free ▁Your ▁Mind ▁human ▁rights ▁award . ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁F UR D ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁' model ▁project ' ▁in ▁the ▁report ▁' Un ite ▁Against ▁R ac ism ▁in ▁European ▁Football : ▁UEFA ▁Guide ▁to ▁Good ▁Practice '. ▁Jan ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁K ick ▁It ▁Out ▁hosts ▁a ▁star - stud ded ▁t enth ▁anniversary ▁celebration ▁and ▁F UR D ▁receive ▁a ▁special ▁award ▁for ▁its ▁pione ering ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁community - based ▁anti - rac ist ▁football ▁project . ▁Apr ▁
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2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁wins ▁the ▁She ff ield ▁Regional ▁Alliance ▁Sunday ▁League ▁Cup . ▁Jun ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁Street k ick ▁event ▁hosted ▁at ▁the ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁in ▁Portugal . ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁– ▁F UR D ▁del ivers ▁its ▁first ▁anti - rac ist ▁training ▁package ▁to ▁youth ▁workers . ▁Jun ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁– ▁F UR D ▁tours ▁Street k ick ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Cup ▁in ▁Germany . ▁Jul ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁– ▁The ▁Un ity ▁Cup , ▁a ▁tournament ▁organ ised ▁by ▁K ick ▁It ▁Out ▁for ▁refugees ▁and ▁as yl um ▁seek ers , ▁is ▁hosted ▁in ▁She ff ield ▁by ▁F UR D . ▁Dec ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁– ▁An ▁Of sted ▁report ▁on ▁She ff ield ▁Fut ures , ▁which ▁man ages ▁parts ▁of ▁F UR D ' s ▁work , ▁pra ises ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁F UR D . ▁Apr ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁promoted ▁to ▁First ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁M ead ow hall ▁She ff ield ▁Sunday ▁League . ▁Apr ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁Staff ▁and ▁volunteers ▁for ▁F UR D ▁have ▁a ▁civ ic ▁reception ▁hosted ▁by ▁the ▁Lord ▁Mayor ▁Coun c ill or ▁Jackie ▁D ray ton ▁at ▁She ff ield ▁Town ▁Hall . ▁Nov ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁Pel é ▁meets ▁staff ▁at ▁F UR D ▁and ▁backs ▁the ▁programme . ▁Dec
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▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁F UR D ' s ▁Bur und ian ▁coach , ▁Des bon ▁Bush iri ▁estab l ishes ▁the ▁Football ▁Between ▁Commun ities ▁project ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁Cong o . ▁Mar ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁F UR D ▁volunteer ▁Ab di ▁Hus se in ▁is ▁presented ▁the ▁Community ▁Champion ▁Award ▁by ▁Graham ▁Taylor ▁at ▁the ▁Football ▁Without ▁Front iers ▁conference ▁in ▁B elf ast . ▁Mar ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁Som al ian ▁football er ▁Lib an ▁Ab di , ▁a ▁former ▁F UR D ▁train ee ▁makes ▁a ▁first - team ▁debut ▁for ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁against ▁sister - club ▁Fer enc vá ros ▁and ▁scores ▁the ▁winner ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 - 0 ▁win . ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁win ▁the ▁M ead ow hall ▁Sunday ▁League ▁Cup . ▁Jun ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁Street k ick ▁hosted ▁in ▁Austria ▁and ▁Switzerland ▁during ▁the ▁European ▁Football ▁Championships . ▁Oct ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁F UR D ▁wins ▁the ▁Score 4 A frica ▁diversity ▁award ▁ahead ▁of ▁K ick ▁It ▁Out ▁and ▁Rio ▁Ferd inand . ▁Jan ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁Kyle ▁Walker , ▁originally ▁recommended ▁to ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁by ▁F UR D ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁makes ▁his ▁first - team ▁debut ▁in ▁an ▁FA ▁Cup ▁match ▁against ▁Le y ton ▁O rient . ▁Feb ▁ 2 0 0
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9 : ▁Kyle ▁Walker ▁makes ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁England ▁Under - 1 9 s , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁against ▁Spain . ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁F UR D , ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁and ▁The ▁Hub ▁African - Car ib bean ▁Centre ▁host ▁the ▁La ur ie ▁C unning ham ▁Memorial ▁D inner ▁at ▁Br am all ▁Lane ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁La ur ie ▁C unning ham ▁Project ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁C unning ham ' s ▁life ▁and ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁black ▁football ▁in ▁She ff ield . ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁Sh arrow ▁United ▁win ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁M ead ow hall ▁League ▁Premier ▁Division ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 0 th ▁anniversary ▁season . ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁' Off side ! ▁- ▁K ick ▁Out ▁Ign or ance ▁- ▁Football ▁Un ites , ▁R ac ism ▁Div ides ', ▁an ▁exhibition ▁re se ar ched ▁by ▁F UR D ▁about ▁South ▁African ▁football ers ' ▁experiences ▁of ▁playing ▁in ▁Britain ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁on wards , ▁opens ▁at ▁the ▁District ▁Six ▁Museum , ▁Cape ▁Town , ▁South ▁Africa , ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Cup ▁fin als ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁K ass imer is , ▁Christ os ▁( ed ) ▁( 2 0 0 9 ): ▁Anti - R ac ism ▁in ▁European ▁Football : ▁Fair ▁Play ▁for ▁All ; ▁Lex ington ▁Books ; ▁. ▁Brown
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, ▁Gordon ▁with ▁Community ▁Link s ▁( 2 0 0 7 ): ▁Britain ' s ▁Every day ▁Hero es : ▁The ▁Making ▁of ▁the ▁Good ▁Society '' ▁Main stream ▁Publishing ; ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Ant i - rac ist ▁organisations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁culture ▁Category : Char ities ▁based ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Organ is ations ▁based ▁in ▁She ff ield <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁is ▁an ▁artificial ▁star ▁image ▁created ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁astronom ical ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics ▁systems , ▁which ▁are ▁employed ▁in ▁large ▁teles cop es ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁correct ▁atm ospher ic ▁dist ortion ▁of ▁light ▁( called ▁astronom ical ▁seeing ). ▁ ▁Ad apt ive ▁opt ics ▁( A O ) ▁systems ▁require ▁a ▁wave front ▁reference ▁source ▁of ▁light ▁called ▁a ▁guide ▁star . ▁ ▁Natural ▁stars ▁can ▁serve ▁as ▁point ▁sources ▁for ▁this ▁purpose , ▁but ▁sufficiently ▁bright ▁stars ▁are ▁not ▁available ▁in ▁all ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁sky , ▁which ▁greatly ▁limits ▁the ▁useful ness ▁of ▁natural ▁guide ▁star ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics . ▁Instead , ▁one ▁can ▁create ▁an ▁artificial ▁guide ▁star ▁by ▁shining ▁a ▁laser ▁into ▁the ▁atmosphere . ▁ ▁Light ▁from ▁the ▁beam ▁is ▁reflected ▁by ▁components ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁atmosphere ▁back ▁into ▁the ▁teles cope . ▁ ▁This ▁star ▁can ▁be ▁positioned ▁anywhere ▁the ▁teles cope ▁desires ▁to ▁point , ▁opening ▁up ▁much ▁greater ▁amounts ▁of ▁the ▁sky ▁to ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics . ▁ ▁Because ▁the ▁laser ▁beam
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▁is ▁def lected ▁by ▁astronom ical ▁seeing ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁up , ▁the ▁returning ▁laser ▁light ▁does ▁not ▁move ▁around ▁in ▁the ▁sky ▁as ▁astronom ical ▁sources ▁do . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁keep ▁astronom ical ▁images ▁steady , ▁a ▁natural ▁star ▁nearby ▁in ▁the ▁sky ▁must ▁be ▁mon it ored ▁in ▁order ▁that ▁the ▁motion ▁of ▁the ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁can ▁be ▁sub tract ed ▁using ▁a ▁tip - til t ▁mirror . ▁However , ▁this ▁star ▁can ▁be ▁much ▁f ain ter ▁than ▁is ▁required ▁for ▁natural ▁guide ▁star ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics ▁because ▁it ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁measure ▁only ▁tip ▁and ▁tilt , ▁and ▁all ▁higher - order ▁dist ort ions ▁are ▁measured ▁with ▁the ▁laser ▁guide ▁star . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁many ▁more ▁stars ▁are ▁suitable , ▁and ▁a ▁corresponding ly ▁larger ▁fraction ▁of ▁the ▁sky ▁is ▁accessible . ▁ ▁Types ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁main ▁types ▁of ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁system , ▁known ▁as ▁sod ium ▁and ▁Ray le igh ▁be acon ▁guide ▁stars . ▁ ▁S od ium ▁be ac ons ▁are ▁created ▁by ▁using ▁a ▁laser ▁tun ed ▁to ▁ 5 8 9 . 2 ▁nan om eters ▁to ▁energ ize ▁atoms ▁in ▁the ▁sod ium ▁layer ▁of ▁the ▁mes os phere ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁around ▁. ▁The ▁sod ium ▁atoms ▁then ▁re - emit ▁the ▁laser ▁light , ▁producing ▁a ▁gl owing ▁artificial ▁star . ▁The ▁same ▁atomic ▁transition ▁of ▁sod ium ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁sod ium - v apor ▁l amps ▁for ▁street
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▁lighting . ▁ ▁Ray le igh ▁be ac ons ▁rely ▁on ▁the ▁scattering ▁of ▁light ▁by ▁the ▁mole cules ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁atmosphere . ▁In ▁contrast ▁to ▁sod ium ▁be ac ons , ▁Ray le igh ▁be ac ons ▁are ▁much ▁simpler ▁and ▁less ▁cost ly , ▁but ▁do ▁not ▁provide ▁as ▁good ▁a ▁wave front ▁reference , ▁since ▁the ▁artificial ▁be acon ▁is ▁generated ▁much ▁lower ▁in ▁the ▁atmosphere . ▁The ▁las ers ▁are ▁often ▁puls ed , ▁with ▁measurement ▁of ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁being ▁time - g ated ▁( t aking ▁place ▁several ▁micro seconds ▁after ▁the ▁pulse ▁has ▁been ▁launched , ▁so ▁that ▁scattered ▁light ▁at ▁ground ▁level ▁is ▁ignored ▁and ▁only ▁light ▁that ▁has ▁traveled ▁for ▁several ▁micro seconds ▁high ▁up ▁into ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁and ▁back ▁is ▁actually ▁detected ). ▁ ▁Las er ▁development ▁D ye ▁las ers ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁laser ▁sources ▁used ▁in ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁applications . ▁ ▁These ▁tun able ▁las ers ▁have ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁significant ▁role ▁in ▁this ▁field . ▁However , ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁fluid ▁gain ▁media ▁has ▁been ▁considered ▁by ▁some ▁researchers ▁as ▁disadv antage ous . ▁Second ▁generation ▁laser ▁sources ▁for ▁sod ium ▁guide ▁star ▁applications ▁include ▁sum - frequency - m ixed ▁solid - state ▁las ers . ▁New ▁third ▁generation ▁laser ▁systems ▁based ▁on ▁tun able ▁di ode ▁las ers ▁with ▁subsequent ▁narrow - band ▁Ram an ▁fiber ▁ampl ification ▁and ▁reson ant ▁frequency ▁conversion ▁have ▁been ▁under ▁development ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Since ▁
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2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁fully ▁engine ered ▁systems ▁are ▁commer c ially ▁available . ▁Import ant ▁output ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁tun able ▁las ers ▁mentioned ▁here ▁include ▁diff raction - limited ▁beam ▁diver gence ▁and ▁narrow - linewidth ▁emission . ▁ ▁Progress ▁ ▁The ▁sod ium ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics ▁to ▁correct ▁for ▁atm ospher ic ▁dist ort ions ▁was ▁invented ▁by ▁Pr inceton ▁phys ic ist ▁Will ▁H ap per ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Strateg ic ▁Defense ▁Init iative , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁classified ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁Las er ▁guide ▁star ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁very ▁young ▁field , ▁with ▁much ▁effort ▁currently ▁invested ▁in ▁technology ▁development . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁only ▁two ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁A O ▁systems ▁were ▁regularly ▁used ▁for ▁science ▁observations ▁and ▁have ▁contributed ▁to ▁published ▁results ▁in ▁peer - review ed ▁scientific ▁literature : ▁ ▁those ▁at ▁the ▁L ick ▁and ▁Pal om ar ▁Observ ator ies ▁in ▁California , ▁and ▁the ▁Ke ck ▁Observ atory ▁in ▁Hawaii . ▁ ▁However , ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁systems ▁were ▁under ▁development ▁at ▁most ▁major ▁teles cop es , ▁with ▁the ▁William ▁H ers chel ▁T eles cope , ▁Very ▁Large ▁T eles cope ▁and ▁Gem ini ▁North ▁having ▁tested ▁las ers ▁on ▁the ▁sky ▁but ▁not ▁yet ▁achieved ▁regular ▁operations . ▁Other ▁observ ator ies ▁developing ▁laser ▁A O ▁systems ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0
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0 6 ▁include ▁the ▁Large ▁Bin oc ular ▁T eles cope ▁and ▁Gran ▁T eles cop io ▁Can ari as . ▁The ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁system ▁at ▁the ▁Very ▁Large ▁T eles cope ▁started ▁regular ▁scientific ▁operations ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Since ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁ 4 ▁Las er ▁Guide ▁Star ▁Fac ility ▁( 4 L GS F ) ▁has ▁been ▁installed ▁at ▁the ▁E SO ' s ▁Very ▁Large ▁T eles cope ▁( VL T ), ▁as ▁a ▁new ▁sub system ▁of ▁the ▁Ad apt ive ▁Opt ics ▁Fac ility ▁( A OF ). ▁The ▁ 4 L GS F ▁is ▁a ▁complement ▁of ▁the ▁V LT ▁Las er ▁Guide ▁Star ▁Fac ility ▁( L GS F ). ▁Instead ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁laser ▁beam , ▁the ▁ 4 L GS F ▁propag ates ▁four ▁laser ▁be ams ▁into ▁the ▁sk ies ▁of ▁Par anal , ▁in ▁northern ▁Chile , ▁producing ▁four ▁artificial ▁stars ▁by ▁ill umin ating ▁sod ium ▁atoms ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁at ▁ 9 0 km ▁alt itude . ▁These ▁four ▁stars ▁enable ▁getting ▁a ▁better ▁correction ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁direction , ▁or ▁wid ening ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁view ▁corrected ▁by ▁an ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics . ▁Each ▁laser ▁del ivers ▁ 2 2 ▁w atts ▁in ▁a ▁diameter ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁ 4 L GS F ▁Las er ▁System ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁fiber ▁Ram an ▁laser ▁technology , ▁developed ▁at ▁E SO ▁and ▁transferred ▁to ▁industry
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. ▁ ▁The ▁upgrade ▁to ▁four ▁las ers ▁with ▁fiber ▁Ram an ▁laser ▁technology ▁is ▁necessary ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁new ▁instruments ▁at ▁Par anal ▁Observ atory , ▁like ▁HA W K - I ▁( with ▁G RA AL ) ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁M USE ▁( with ▁G AL AC SI ). ▁Also ▁with ▁the ▁ 4 L GS F ▁the ▁stability ▁is ▁increased , ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁prevent ative ▁maintenance ▁support ▁and ▁the ▁preparation ▁of ▁an ▁observ ing ▁run ▁time ▁will ▁be ▁considerably ▁reduced ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁L GS F , ▁which ▁currently ▁uses ▁still ▁its ▁original ▁d ye ▁laser ▁( pl anned ▁to ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁a ▁fiber ▁laser ). ▁The ▁ 4 L GS F ▁helps ▁astronom ers ▁to ▁test ▁devices ▁for ▁the ▁E - EL T , ▁which ▁will ▁have ▁a ▁similar ▁system ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁adapt ive ▁opt ics ▁of ▁the ▁teles cope . ▁Given ▁its ▁power , ▁the ▁ 4 L GS F ▁operations ▁follow ▁a ▁protocol ▁to ▁avoid ▁any ▁risk . ▁The ▁laser ▁system ▁is ▁equipped ▁with ▁an ▁automatic ▁aircraft ▁avoid ance ▁system ▁that ▁sh uts ▁down ▁the ▁las ers ▁if ▁an ▁aircraft ▁vent ures ▁too ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁be ams . ▁ ▁For ▁sod ium ▁laser ▁guide ▁stars , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁main ▁challenges ▁to ▁overcome : ▁L arm or ▁pre cess ion , ▁rec o il , ▁and ▁transition ▁sat uration . ▁L arm or ▁pre cess ion , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁pre cess ion ▁of ▁the ▁sod ium ▁atom ▁in ▁the ▁ge om ag
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netic ▁field ▁( prec isely , ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁pre cess ion ▁of ▁the ▁quant ized ▁total ▁atomic ▁angular ▁momentum ▁vector ▁of ▁the ▁atom ), ▁decre ases ▁the ▁atomic ▁flu ores c ence ▁of ▁the ▁laser ▁guide ▁star ▁by ▁changing ▁the ▁angular ▁momentum ▁of ▁the ▁atom ▁before ▁a ▁two - level ▁cycl ing ▁transition ▁can ▁be ▁established ▁through ▁optical ▁pump ing ▁with ▁circular ly ▁polar ized ▁light . ▁Rec o il ▁from ▁spont aneous ▁emission , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁momentum ▁kick ▁to ▁the ▁atom , ▁causes ▁a ▁red shift ▁in ▁the ▁laser ▁light ▁relative ▁to ▁the ▁atom , ▁rendering ▁the ▁atom ▁unable ▁to ▁absorb ▁the ▁laser ▁light ▁and ▁thus ▁unable ▁to ▁flu ores ce . ▁Trans ition ▁sat uration ▁is ▁the ▁dep op ulation ▁of ▁atoms ▁from ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁higher ▁angular ▁momentum ▁( F = 2 ) ▁to ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁lower ▁angular ▁momentum ▁( F = 1 ), ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁absorption ▁w avelength . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁E SO cast ▁ 3 4 : ▁How ▁To ▁Stop ▁a ▁Star ' s ▁Tw inkle ▁ ▁E SO ’ s ▁New ▁Comp act ▁Las er ▁Guide ▁Star ▁Unit ▁Test ed ▁ ▁Gem ini ' s ▁Las er ▁Vision ▁Re ve als ▁St rik ing ▁New ▁Details ▁in ▁Or ion ▁Neb ula ▁ ▁Category : A str onom ical ▁imag ing ▁Category : L aser ▁applications <0x0A> </s> ▁Has an ▁I ğ s ı z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁I stan bul ,
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▁Turkey ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁General ▁in ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Army . ▁He ▁was ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Army ▁of ▁Turkey ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁def endant ▁in ▁the ▁Er gen ek on ▁trials . ▁ ▁Career ▁I ğ s ı z ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Military ▁Academy ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Military ▁College ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Brig ad ier - General ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁Major - General ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁General ▁and ▁appointed ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Army ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( 3 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 - 3 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁and ▁Deputy ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Staff ▁( tr ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Army ▁of ▁Turkey ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁ ▁I ğ s ı z ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁be ▁appointed ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Land ▁Forces , ▁but ▁his ▁appointment ▁was ▁blocked ▁by ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Re cep ▁Tay y ip ▁Er dog an . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : People ▁from ▁I stan bul ▁Category : Tur k ish ▁Military ▁Academy ▁al umn i ▁Category : Ar my ▁War ▁College ▁(
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Tur key ) ▁al umn i ▁Category : Tur k ish ▁Army ▁gener als ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Command ers ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Army ▁of ▁Turkey <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Myst eries ▁is ▁a ▁detective ▁fiction ▁series ▁about ▁the ▁esc ap ades ▁of ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Cav end ish , ▁a ▁maid ▁of ▁honour ▁to ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I . ▁The ▁books ▁are ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁style ▁of ▁a ▁diary . ▁Each ▁book ▁sees ▁her ▁trying ▁to ▁solve ▁a ▁mystery ▁of ▁the ▁royal ▁court . ▁The ▁stories ▁are ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 9 ▁and ▁ 1 5 7 0 , ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁twelve ▁books ▁so ▁far ; ▁Ass ass in , ▁Bet ray al , ▁Con spir acy , ▁De ception , ▁Ex ile , ▁Fe ud , ▁Gold , ▁Ha unted , ▁In tr igue , ▁J inx , ▁Ke ys , ▁and ▁L oot . ▁The ▁first ▁book , ▁Ass ass in , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Authors ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁three ▁books , ▁Ass ass in , ▁Bet ray al , ▁Con spir acy , ▁and ▁the ▁later ▁Fe ud , ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Fin ney , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁books ▁are ▁co - written ▁by ▁Sara ▁Vol ger ▁and ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt . ▁All ▁authors ▁write ▁under ▁the ▁pseud onym ▁" Gr ace ▁Cav end ish ". ▁ ▁Series ▁The ▁series ▁is ▁written ▁in ▁al phabet ical ▁order , ▁leading ▁to ▁hopes ▁that ▁there
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▁would ▁be ▁another ▁ 1 4 ▁( M – Z ); ▁however , ▁none ▁have ▁been ▁published ▁for ▁the ▁past ▁ 8 ▁years . ▁ ▁Ass ass in ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Fin ney , ▁Dou bled ay , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁▁ ▁Bet ray al ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Fin ney , ▁Dou bled ay , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁▁ ▁Con spir acy ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Fin ney , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁De ception ▁by ▁Sara ▁Vol ger ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Ex ile ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Fe ud ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Fin ney , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Gold ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Ha unted ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁In tr igue ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁J inx ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Ke ys ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁L oot ▁by ▁Sara ▁V og ler ▁& ▁Jan ▁Bur che tt , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Char acters ▁There ▁are
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▁a ▁number ▁of ▁recur ring ▁characters ▁who ▁appear ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁books . ▁The ▁main ▁characters ▁are ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Cav end ish ▁and ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁the ▁First . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Cav end ish , ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Cav end ish ▁is ▁the ▁youngest ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁to ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I . ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁book , ▁Ass ass in ▁she ▁is ▁thirteen ▁years ▁old ; ▁by ▁the ▁ele vent h , ▁Ke ys , ▁she ▁is ▁fifteen . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁de arest ▁god d aughter ▁and ▁rather ▁a ▁favourite ▁with ▁her ▁at ▁Court . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁an ▁or phan ▁like ▁her ▁friends ▁Ell ie ▁and ▁Mas ou . ▁Both ▁her ▁parents , ▁especially ▁her ▁mother , ▁play ▁memorial ▁roles ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁books ▁and ▁both ▁died ▁hero ic , ▁tragic ▁deaths . ▁Her ▁father ▁died ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁two , ▁fighting ▁a ▁war ▁in ▁France , ▁and ▁her ▁mother ▁un int ention ally ▁drank ▁poison ▁intended ▁for ▁the ▁Queen , ▁put ▁there ▁by ▁the ▁Pap ist ▁Gu ises . ▁ ▁Her ▁best ▁friends ▁work ▁at ▁White hall ▁Palace ▁and ▁follow ▁the ▁Queen ▁on ▁progress . ▁Ell ie ▁B unting , ▁an ▁or phan ed ▁laundry ▁maid , ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁Al - Ah med , ▁an ▁African ▁ac ro bat ▁from ▁Will ▁Som er ' s ▁ac rob atic ▁trou pe , ▁are ▁both ▁very ▁close ▁to ▁Grace . ▁However , ▁they ▁have ▁to ▁keep ▁their ▁friendship ▁a ▁secret ▁due ▁to
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▁the ▁vast ▁difference ▁between ▁their ▁stations ▁in ▁life . ▁The ▁only ▁time ▁Grace ▁ment ions ▁them ▁is ▁in ▁her ▁day bo oke . ▁ ▁Sh arp ▁and ▁clever , ▁Grace ▁always ▁sol ves ▁a ▁new ▁mystery ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁deadline ▁and ▁is ▁quietly ▁reward ed ▁by ▁the ▁Queen . ▁Grace ▁has ▁to ▁keep ▁her ▁investig ations ▁a ▁secret , ▁but ▁she ▁nearly ▁always ▁inform s ▁Mas ou ▁and ▁Ell ie , ▁and ▁they ▁are ▁her ▁trust y ▁friends ▁who ▁help ▁her ▁with ▁the ▁investig ations ▁when ▁she ▁needs ▁a ▁companion ▁and ▁they ▁sometimes ▁try ▁to ▁do ▁some ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁investigation ▁in ▁their ▁spare ▁time . ▁She ▁is ▁always ▁very ▁discre et ▁about ▁her ▁being ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁Lady ▁P urs u iv ant ▁and ▁her ▁adventures ▁are ▁closely ▁guard ed ▁secrets . ▁ ▁Grace ▁never ▁wants ▁to ▁get ▁married ▁as ▁she ▁wants ▁to ▁be ▁like ▁the ▁Queen ▁and ▁stay ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Court ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁she ▁wishes ▁to . ▁However , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁book ▁( Ass ass in ) ▁she ▁has ▁three ▁suit ors , ▁Lord ▁Robert , ▁Sir ▁Ger ald ▁and ▁her ▁horse ▁riding ▁instructor ▁Sir ▁Charles . ▁Fortunately , ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁marry ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁after ▁a ▁murder ▁case ▁when ▁Sir ▁Ger ald ▁is ▁found ▁dead ▁with ▁a ▁knife ▁in ▁his ▁back ▁and ▁Lord ▁Robert ▁is ▁under ▁suspicion . ▁ ▁Ever ▁since ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁beloved ▁mother , ▁Lady ▁Margaret ▁Cav end ish , ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon
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our , ▁Lad ies ▁in ▁Wait ing ▁and ▁especially ▁the ▁Queen ▁( who ▁was ▁very ▁close ▁to ▁Grace ' s ▁mother ) ▁has ▁been ▁kind ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁took ▁her ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁twelve . ▁ ▁Unlike ▁all ▁the ▁other ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁loves ▁to ▁climb ▁trees ▁in ▁or ch ards ▁when ▁she ▁walks ▁the ▁dogs . ▁In ▁White hall , ▁she ▁mainly ▁clim bs ▁a ▁ch erry ▁tree ▁that ▁reminds ▁her ▁of ▁her ▁mother . ▁When ▁Grace ▁walks ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁dogs , ▁she ▁always ▁goes ▁to ▁visit ▁her ▁friends ▁Mas ou ▁and ▁Ell ie ▁in ▁a ▁hide out . ▁Every ▁time ▁the ▁Queen ▁wants ▁to ▁move ▁to ▁another ▁Palace , ▁Mas ou ▁and ▁Ell ie ▁find ▁a ▁little ▁hide away ▁in ▁the ▁or ch ard ▁to ▁go ▁in ▁there ▁in ▁their ▁spare ▁time , ▁when ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁helping ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁solve ▁a ▁new ▁mystery . ▁ ▁The ▁thing ▁that ▁Grace ▁h ates ▁is ▁when ▁Ell ie ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁have ▁to ▁treat ▁her ▁like ▁a ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁and ▁call ▁her ▁" m ist ress " ▁and ▁" l ady ". ▁When ▁Mas ou ▁does , ▁he ▁performs ▁elaborate ▁b ows . ▁Grace ▁states ▁she ▁always ▁finds ▁it ▁hard ▁not ▁to ▁laugh ▁when ▁he ▁does . ▁ ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁I ▁( 7 ▁September ▁ 1 5 3 3 ▁– ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 6 0 3 ) ▁was
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▁Queen ▁of ▁England ▁and ▁Ireland ▁from ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 1 5 5 8 ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 6 0 3 . ▁Sometimes ▁called ▁" The ▁Virgin ▁Queen ", ▁" G lor iana ", ▁or ▁" Good ▁Queen ▁B ess ", ▁Elizabeth ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁and ▁last ▁mon arch ▁of ▁the ▁T ud or ▁dyn asty . ▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁was ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁King ▁Henry ▁VIII ▁and ▁Queen ▁Anne ▁B ole yn . ▁Elizabeth ▁was ▁born ▁a ▁princess , ▁but ▁her ▁mother , ▁Anne ▁B ole yn , ▁was ▁executed ▁three ▁years ▁after ▁her ▁birth ▁on ▁false ▁accus ations ▁of ▁tre ason , ▁her es y , ▁witch craft ▁and ▁inf idel ity , ▁and ▁through ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁dis gr ace ▁Elizabeth ▁was ▁declared ▁il leg it imate . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 5 8 ▁Elizabeth ▁succeeded ▁her ▁half - s ister , ▁the ▁dev out ly ▁Catholic ▁Mary ▁I ▁of ▁England , ▁during ▁whose ▁reign ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁imprison ed ▁for ▁nearly ▁a ▁year ▁on ▁suspicion ▁of ▁supporting ▁Protest ant ▁reb els . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁difficult ▁time ▁for ▁Elizabeth . ▁She ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁diamond ▁from ▁her ▁jew els ▁and ▁scratch ▁into ▁a ▁Tower ▁window ▁the ▁words , ▁ ▁" M uch ▁suspected ▁of ▁me , ▁nothing ▁proved ▁can ▁be , ▁quote ▁Elizabeth , ▁prisoner ." ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁very ▁fond ▁and ▁helping ▁god mother ▁and ▁guard ian ▁to ▁Lady ▁Grace , ▁but ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁that ' s ▁true ▁in
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▁real ▁life ▁nobody ▁knows ▁the ▁truth . ▁She ▁was ▁certainly ▁a ▁devoted ▁and ▁protective ▁woman ▁to ▁her ▁Lad ies - in - Wait ing ▁and ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁ ▁Dr ▁Cav end ish ▁ ▁Dr ▁Cav end ish ▁is ▁Grace ' s ▁loving ▁uncle ▁and ▁the ▁head ▁physician ▁at ▁Court . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁fond ▁uncle ▁of ▁Grace ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁only ▁relatives . ▁He ▁is ▁very ▁upset ▁by ▁Grace ' s ▁mother ' s ▁death ▁and ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁tragedy ▁he ▁is ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁lost ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁world . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁usually ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁states ▁– ▁drunk ▁or ▁hung ▁over . ▁Despite ▁all ▁this ▁he ▁loves ▁Grace ▁very ▁de arly ▁and ▁Grace ▁is ▁very ▁fond ▁of ▁him ▁and ▁loves ▁him ▁a ▁lot ▁more ▁than ▁she ▁real ises . ▁Dr ▁Cav end ish ▁is ▁always ▁careful ▁to ▁upgrade ▁Grace ' s ▁physical ▁state ▁and ▁regularly ▁check ▁her ▁health ▁standards . ▁ ▁Ol wen ▁and ▁Fran ▁ ▁Ol wen ▁is ▁Lady ▁Sarah ' s ▁t iring ▁woman . ▁She ▁is ▁kind ▁and ▁cheer ful ▁and ▁comfort s ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁when ▁Sarah ▁is ▁upset . ▁In ▁Bet ray al , ▁Ol wen ▁is ▁ab du cted , ▁threatened , ▁tied ▁up , ▁treated ▁des pic ably , ▁and ▁used ▁as ▁host age ▁to ▁l ure ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁unw itting ly ▁into ▁ab du ction ▁too . ▁ ▁Cru el ▁Captain ▁Der by , ▁Ol wen ' s ▁capt or , ▁threat ens ▁to ▁cut
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▁off ▁Ol wen ' s ▁hands ▁if ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁ref uses ▁to ▁marry ▁him , ▁and ▁throws ▁her ▁into ▁the ▁brig . ▁Natur ally , ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁much ▁distress ▁for ▁both ▁Ol wen ▁and ▁Lady ▁Sarah . ▁ ▁Fran ▁is ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ' s ▁t iring ▁woman . ▁She ▁is ▁not ▁mentioned ▁much ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁and ▁she ▁also ▁helps ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁along ▁with ▁Ol wen . ▁ ▁Pen el ope ▁Kn olly s , ▁Car mina ▁Will ough by ▁and ▁Lucy ▁Th rock m ort on ▁ ▁Pen el ope ▁Kn olly s ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Grace ' s ▁fellow ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁She ▁follows ▁the ▁Queen ▁on ▁progress ▁and ▁shares ▁a ▁bedroom ▁with ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Con ings by ▁and ▁Car mina ▁Will ough by . ▁Pen el ope ▁always ▁cow ers ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁ant ics ▁of ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my ▁and ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Con ings by . ▁Pen el ope ▁is ▁quite ▁small ▁and ▁plain , ▁and ▁always ▁follows ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁and ▁her ▁advice ▁on ▁clothes . ▁In ▁Book ▁ 7 , ▁Gold , ▁Pen el ope ▁gets ▁married , ▁thus ▁leaving ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁service . ▁ ▁Car mina ▁is ▁bright ▁and ▁b oun cy . ▁In ▁Fe ud , ▁she ▁suff ers ▁from ▁poison ing ▁from ▁Or p iment , ▁given ▁to ▁her ▁by ▁Lady ▁H ors ely ▁for ▁revenge ▁on ▁her ▁son ' s ▁accident al ▁death ▁through ▁jou st ing . ▁Also , ▁after ▁the ▁crisis ▁of
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▁a ▁fire ▁at ▁St ▁Bar th ole m hew ' s ▁Fair ▁in ▁Smith ▁Field , ▁Book ▁ 1 0 , ▁J inx , ▁she ▁becomes ▁very ▁super st it ious ▁and ▁jump y , ▁full ▁of ▁dire ▁warnings . ▁She ▁is ▁friends ▁with ▁Lucy ▁Th rock m ort on ▁and ▁loves ▁having ▁a ▁good ▁ch atter ▁over ▁a ▁mystery , ▁she ▁and ▁Lucy ▁both ▁share ▁the ▁love ▁of ▁g ossip . ▁ ▁Lucy ▁Th rock m ort on ▁is ▁a ▁terrible ▁g ossip . ▁She ▁appears ▁to ▁replace ▁Pen el ope ▁after ▁her ▁marriage ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁books ▁- ▁considerably ▁start les ▁some ▁readers ▁by ▁pop ping ▁up ▁suddenly ▁in ▁Book ▁ 1 0 ! ▁Lucy ▁is ▁best ▁friends ▁with ▁Car mina , ▁g oss ips ▁all ▁the ▁time ▁and ▁likes ▁having ▁long , ▁boring , ▁detailed ▁conversations ▁about ▁sle eves ▁and ▁gown s ▁in ▁the ▁latest ▁styles . ▁ ▁Ell ie ▁B unting ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁a ▁laundry ▁maid ▁at ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁court , ▁who ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁( the ▁book ▁Ha unted ) ▁becomes ▁Lady ▁Grace ' s ▁t iring ▁woman ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁reward ▁for ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁bra very ▁in ▁defe ating ▁a ▁vill ain ▁in ▁broad ▁day light , ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Court . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁very ▁good ▁friends ▁with ▁Grace ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁and ▁she ▁often ▁ass ists ▁them ▁in ▁solving ▁the ▁hard est ▁of ▁myster ies . ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁very ▁super st it
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ious ▁- ▁in ▁J inx ▁and ▁Ha unted ▁she ▁ins ists ▁upon ▁cart ing ▁a ▁massive ▁bag ▁of ▁am u lets ▁around ▁with ▁her , ▁even ▁when ▁sail ing ▁down ▁the ▁Th ames ▁and ▁walking ▁the ▁dogs ▁through ▁mud dy ▁fields ! ▁She ▁is ▁very ▁consider ate , ▁as ▁looks ▁are ▁concerned ▁she ▁is ▁thin ▁as ▁she ▁is ▁fed ▁little . ▁She ▁has ▁brown ▁hair ▁and ▁a ▁rounded ▁face ▁with ▁lots ▁of ▁sc ars . ▁ ▁Like ▁her ▁friends ▁Grace ▁and ▁Mas ou , ▁she ▁is ▁an ▁or phan ▁as ▁her ▁parents ▁died ▁of ▁the ▁sick ly ▁pl ague . ▁In ▁Fe ud , ▁she ▁talks ▁about ▁how ▁her ▁parents ▁died , ▁pushing ▁back ▁tears ▁as ▁she ▁shows ▁Grace ▁the ▁sc ars ▁on ▁her ▁neck . ▁ ▁The ▁deputy ▁laund ress , ▁Mrs . ▁F adget , ▁treats ▁Ell ie ▁badly , ▁forcing ▁her ▁to ▁work ▁long ▁hours ▁without ▁a ▁break , ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁suck ▁up ▁to ▁Grace ▁when ▁Grace ▁visits ▁the ▁laundry ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁exc uses ▁to ▁drag ▁Ell ie ▁out ▁of ▁her ▁work ▁to ▁talk ▁to ▁her . ▁( These ▁exc uses ▁often ▁involve ▁numerous ▁unw ashed ▁chem ises ▁and ▁precious ▁silk ▁hand ker chie fs ▁that ▁need ▁scrub bing ▁from ▁ink ▁st ains .) ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁book , ▁Bet ray al , ▁Mrs . ▁F adget ▁treats ▁Ell ie ▁so ▁badly ▁she ▁gets ▁qu in sey . ▁While ▁Grace ▁is ▁on ▁a ▁Captain ▁D rake ' s ▁ship , ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ▁cares ▁for ▁Ell ie ▁until
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▁Grace ▁comes ▁back ▁with ▁Lady ▁Sarah . ▁By ▁that ▁time ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁much ▁better . ▁ ▁In ▁Ex ile , ▁Book ▁ 5 , ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁fals ely ▁accused ▁of ▁ste aling ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Kings . ▁The ▁Heart ▁of ▁Kings ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁fam ed ▁and ▁f abled ▁jewel ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁tre as ured ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁Court ' s ▁noble ▁foreign ▁visitor ▁( B ano o ▁Y asm ine ▁from ▁Sh ark and , ▁A . K . A . ▁The ▁Holy ▁L ands ). ▁Luck ily ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁proved ▁innocent ▁and ▁Grace ▁is ▁the ▁one ▁to ▁give ▁out ▁the ▁" good ▁tid ings ". ▁ ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁later ▁up graded ▁to ▁t iring ▁woman ▁after ▁she ▁cat ches ▁a ▁criminal ▁and ▁she ▁takes ▁great ▁care ▁and ▁time ▁with ▁Grace ' s ▁hair ▁and ▁appearance ▁and ▁often ▁accompan ies ▁her ▁on ▁her ▁missions . ▁ ▁Mas ou ▁al - Ah med ▁Mas ou ▁is ▁a ▁Muslim ▁boy ▁and ▁a ▁skilled ▁tum bler ▁in ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁court . ▁Like ▁Ell ie , ▁he ▁is ▁reward ed ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁and ▁becomes ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁very ▁own ▁F ools ▁after ▁performing ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁bra very . ▁He ▁is ▁good ▁friends ▁with ▁Grace ▁and ▁Ell ie ▁and ▁helps ▁them ▁solve ▁myster ies . ▁When ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁Captain ▁Der by ▁in ▁Bet ray al , ▁Mas ou ▁helps ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁save ▁her ▁and ▁her ▁t iring
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▁woman ▁Ol wen . ▁Mas ou ▁is ▁from ▁Africa ▁and ▁never ▁knew ▁his ▁mother , ▁who ▁died ▁at ▁his ▁birth . ▁His ▁father ▁died ▁of ▁consumption ▁after ▁arriving ▁in ▁England ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁very ▁young . ▁He ▁is ▁cheek y , ▁fun ▁and ▁bo ast ful ▁about ▁his ▁skills . ▁He ▁is ▁especially ▁good ▁at ▁jug gling ▁with ▁fire . ▁In ▁the ▁third ▁book , ▁Con spir acy , ▁Mas ou ▁looks ▁after ▁Gy psy ▁Pete ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁hurt ▁by ▁a ▁fire work . ▁He ▁likes ▁to ▁try ▁and ▁sc are ▁the ▁girls ▁and ▁in ▁Ha unted , ▁Grace ▁says ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁she ▁has ▁seen ▁him ▁speech less ▁( when ▁he ▁is ▁granted ▁the ▁honor ▁of ▁Court ▁F ool , ▁and ▁quickly ▁becomes ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁favourite ). ▁ ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my ▁ ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Grace ' s ▁fellow ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our ▁and ▁shares ▁a ▁bed ch amber ▁with ▁Grace . ▁She ▁is ▁two ▁years ▁older ▁than ▁Grace ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁l ively ▁and ▁fl irt at ious ▁girl . ▁She ▁is ▁exceed ingly ▁pick y ▁over ▁her ▁makeup ▁and ▁hair ▁and ▁drives ▁her ▁chamber ma ids ▁mad ▁with ▁her ▁constant ▁f uss ing ▁over ▁pear ls ▁and ▁hair ▁arrangements . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our ▁and ▁sp ends ▁a ▁month ▁wearing ▁every ▁gown ▁before ▁begg ing ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁one . ▁ ▁Not ▁much ▁is ▁known ▁about ▁Lady ▁Sarah
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' s ▁past , ▁childhood ▁or ▁family ▁except ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁an ▁exceed ingly ▁wealthy ▁young ▁he i ress ▁and ▁her ▁family ▁owns ▁a ▁large ▁estate ▁called ▁Bart el my ▁House ▁a ▁hundred ▁miles ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁residence . ▁▁ ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁is ▁very ▁pretty , ▁with ▁becoming ▁copper ▁col oured ▁locks ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁bos om . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁poor ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁who ▁has ▁to ▁sit ▁for ▁hours ▁on ▁end ▁while ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁artist ▁pain ts ▁her ▁because ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁has ▁no ▁time ▁to ▁spare . ▁She ▁also ▁pret ends ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁Queen ▁at ▁a ▁mas que ▁where ▁the ▁Queen ▁plays ▁a ▁c unning ▁pr ank ▁on ▁her ▁court iers . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁book , ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁and ▁her ▁t iring ▁woman ▁Ol wen ▁are ▁captured ▁by ▁Captain ▁Der by . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Sarah ' s ▁enemy ▁at ▁Court ▁is ▁her ▁fellow ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Con ings by . ▁In ▁De ception ▁Sarah ▁creates ▁a ▁rude ▁rh yme ▁mock ing ▁Lady ▁Jane ' s ▁lack ▁of ▁sk ating ▁technique , ▁which ▁she ▁s ings ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁six ▁young ▁gentle men , ▁a ▁large ▁congreg ation ▁and ▁Lady ▁Jane . ▁Grace ▁writes ▁it ▁down ▁in ▁her ▁day bo oke . ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁then ▁s ings ▁one ▁back ▁about ▁three ▁large ▁spots ▁( interpret ative ▁the ▁' three ▁blind ▁m ice '), ▁staring ▁at ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁whilst ▁singing ▁it . ▁They ▁constantly ▁vie ▁each ▁other ▁for ▁the
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▁most ▁men ▁following ▁them ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁t enth ▁book , ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁is ▁being ▁w oo ed ▁by ▁a ▁Gent le man ▁of ▁the ▁Gu ards ▁named ▁Daniel ▁Che shire . ▁He ▁writes ▁love ▁poetry ▁for ▁her , ▁which ▁she ▁receives ▁very ▁happily , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁tw elf th ▁book ▁they ▁are ▁hand - fast ed ▁to ▁wed . ▁They ▁are ▁extremely ▁happy ▁together . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Con ings by ▁ ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Con ings by ▁is ▁a ▁new ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁at ▁White hall ▁Palace ▁who ▁took ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁a ▁ban ished ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁Kath ar ine ▁Bro ke , ▁who ▁was ▁sent ▁home ▁in ▁dis gr ace ▁after ▁a ▁scandal ▁with ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁N ork folk ' s ▁young ▁nep hew . ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁amongst ▁the ▁other ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Jane ' s ▁number ▁one ▁enemy ▁at ▁Court ▁is ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my , ▁her ▁fellow ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁They ▁both ▁desp ise ▁each ▁other . ▁Since ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁lately ▁came ▁to ▁Court , ▁she ▁has ▁had ▁countless ▁squ ab bles ▁with ▁arrog ant ▁Lady ▁Sarah . ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁desp ises ▁Lady ▁Sarah , ▁and ▁fights ▁with ▁her ▁almost ▁constantly . ▁She ▁is ▁always ▁searching ▁for ▁ways ▁to ▁out do ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁in ▁gaining ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁the ▁young ▁gentle men . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁is ▁very ▁pretty , ▁as ▁is ▁her ▁rival
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▁Sarah ▁Bart el my . ▁Jane ▁has ▁an ▁exceed ingly ▁tall ▁elegant ▁figure ▁and ▁long , ▁carefully ▁styled ▁bl onde ▁ring lets ▁' fo aming ▁down ▁her ▁back ', ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁da fter ▁court ▁gentle men ▁wrote ▁in ▁a ▁poem . ▁ ▁Her ▁father ▁was ▁the ▁amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Court ▁at ▁one ▁time , ▁so ▁she ▁gives ▁herself ▁fancy ▁air s ▁and ▁gr aces . ▁Jane ▁often ▁uses ▁her ▁el o qu ently ▁superior ▁way ▁of ▁public ▁speaking ▁to ▁de mean ▁her ▁rival ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁and ▁update ▁herself ▁as ▁supposed ly ▁the ▁most ▁beautiful ▁and ▁attractive ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁at ▁Court . ▁ ▁Jane ▁also ▁thinks ▁she ▁knows ▁more ▁about ▁fashion ▁than ▁anyone ▁else ▁because ▁the ▁French ▁Court ▁was ▁so ▁fashion able ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁her ▁father ▁was ▁amb assador ▁and ▁we ars ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁French - style ▁app arel . ▁She ▁is ▁very ▁jump y ▁about ▁her ▁clothes ▁and ▁her ▁reputation ▁for ▁her ▁beauty . ▁Every ▁other ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁is ▁very ▁fed ▁up ▁of ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁and ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁quar rell ing . ▁ ▁Like ▁many ▁other ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our ▁and ▁Lad ies ▁in ▁Wait ing ▁at ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I , ▁Jane ' s ▁dreams ▁are ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁man ▁of ▁money ▁and ▁rank ▁to ▁marry . ▁She ▁has ▁a ▁love ▁of ▁fl ir ting , ▁and ▁uses ▁her ▁reputation ▁of ▁ultimate ▁beauty ▁to ▁prop el ▁and ▁strengthen ▁that ▁love . ▁ ▁In ▁Bet ray al ,
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▁Lady ▁Jane ▁is ▁jealous ▁of ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁because ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁attract s ▁two ▁pir at ical ▁but ▁nevertheless ▁gall ant , ▁fl irt at ious , ▁generous , ▁handsome , ▁d ashing ▁young ▁sea ▁capt ains ▁to ▁her ▁beauty ▁and ▁wealth ▁on ▁a ▁visit ▁to ▁T ill bury ▁D ocks ▁while ▁Jane ▁herself , ▁who ▁constantly ▁considers ▁herself ▁ultimately ▁beautiful , ▁is ▁posit ively ▁ignored , ▁even ▁when ▁she ▁deliberately ▁steps ▁into ▁a ▁mud dy ▁p udd le ▁wearing ▁her ▁best ▁shoes , ▁simply ▁in ▁the ▁hope ▁of ▁attract ing ▁a ▁little ▁attention ▁from ▁Captain ▁D rake ▁and ▁Captain ▁Der by . ▁ ▁Jane ▁is ▁very ▁attractive ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁little ▁group ▁of ▁young ▁court iers ▁following ▁her , ▁wherever ▁she ▁goes . ▁Jane ▁constantly ▁compl ains ▁that ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁has ▁all ▁the ▁gentle men ▁to ▁herself , ▁but ▁despite ▁her ▁stead fast ▁complaints , ▁she ▁does ▁know ▁that ▁men ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁go ▁posit ively ▁mo ony ▁over ▁her ▁for ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁different ▁reasons : ▁her ▁fl irt at ious ▁manner , ▁her ▁beauty , ▁and ▁her ▁wealth , ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁an ▁he i ress , ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁exceed ingly ▁well - born , ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁wealthy ▁parents . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁book , ▁L oot , ▁before ▁the ▁celebr ations ▁for ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁ 1 2 th ▁year ▁on ▁the ▁throne , ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁and ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁have ▁a ▁fight ▁over ▁who ▁gets ▁to ▁wear ▁a ▁crim son
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▁vel vet ▁dress . ▁They ▁have ▁a ▁tug ▁of ▁war , ▁suggested ▁by ▁Lady ▁Sarah , ▁over ▁it ▁which ▁results ▁in ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁ri pping ▁the ▁dress ▁in ▁half . ▁ ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ▁ ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁at ▁the ▁Court . ▁She ▁has ▁been ▁very ▁kind ▁to ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁since ▁Grace ' s ▁mother ▁died . ▁When ▁Ell ie ▁is ▁sick ▁with ▁qu ins y ▁and ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁run ▁off ▁with ▁a ▁pir at ical ▁sea ▁captain , ▁Mary ▁stays ▁at ▁White hall ▁and ▁nurses ▁Ell ie . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Grace ▁is ▁away ▁at ▁sea ▁with ▁her ▁hair ▁cut ▁short , ▁pret ending ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁boy . ▁ ▁Mary ▁is ▁not ▁entirely ▁cl uel ess ▁about ▁Grace ' s ▁secret ▁role ▁at ▁White hall ▁Palace ▁as ▁Lady ▁P urs u iv ant , ▁and ▁is ▁Grace ' s ▁side k ick ▁when ▁necessary . ▁However , ▁she ▁never ▁questions ▁Grace ' s ▁activities . ▁ ▁Mary ▁is ▁quiet , ▁loving , ▁gentle ▁and ▁friendly . ▁She ▁loves ▁to ▁g ossip ▁and ▁h ates ▁climbing ▁trees ▁and ▁walking ▁the ▁dogs . ▁She ▁doesn ' t ▁like ▁m ice . ▁As ▁Grace ▁quotes ▁in ▁her ▁day bo oke , ▁ ▁" She ▁doesn ' t ▁like ▁m ice , ▁r ats ▁or ▁l iz ards , ▁or ▁any ▁small ▁sc utt ly ▁creature ▁for ▁that ▁matter , ▁but ▁at ▁least ▁she ▁has ▁some ▁sense ." ▁ ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ▁is ▁not ▁entitled
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▁to ▁the ▁qual ifications ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁' L ady ', ▁but ▁she ▁was ▁well - born ▁enough ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁Queen , ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁gave ▁her ▁a ▁decent ▁position ▁at ▁Court ▁in ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁favour . ▁ ▁Mary ▁has ▁many ▁nie ces ▁and ▁nep he ws , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁lots ▁of ▁friends ▁and ▁relatives . ▁We ▁do ▁not ▁know ▁very ▁much ▁about ▁Mary ' s ▁possible ▁background , ▁but ▁we ▁think ▁her ▁mother ▁is ▁dead ▁and ▁she ▁is ▁possibly ▁an ▁or phan . ▁ ▁In ▁real ▁life ▁Mary ▁Shel ton ▁did ▁exist ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁while ▁became ▁the ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁Bed ch amber ▁to ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I , ▁a ▁great ▁honour . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁being ▁irrit ating , ▁and ▁was ▁once ▁sl apped ▁across ▁the ▁cheek ▁by ▁the ▁Queen ▁herself , ▁a ▁happening ▁proven ▁by ▁historical ▁evidence ! ▁ ▁Mr ▁Daniel ▁Che shire ▁ ▁Mr ▁Daniel ▁Che shire ▁is ▁Lady ▁Sarah ' s ▁su itor . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Gent le men ' s ▁Guard ▁at ▁Court ▁and ▁has ▁rank ▁and ▁wealth . ▁He ▁is ▁tall , ▁slim , ▁young ▁and ▁handsome ▁with ▁redd ish - bl onde ▁hair . ▁ ▁In ▁Book ▁ 1 0 , ▁J inx , ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁is ▁badly ▁burned ▁in ▁a ▁fire , ▁but ▁Daniel ▁Che shire ▁remains ▁stead fast ▁and ▁ever ▁loyal ▁to ▁her , ▁bringing ▁tr ink ets , ▁gifts ▁and ▁love ▁poetry . ▁It ▁is ▁this ▁which ▁convin ces ▁Grace ▁that
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▁Daniel ▁Che shire ▁is ▁a ▁truly ▁good ▁and ▁worthy ▁su itor . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁in ▁love ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Book ▁ 1 0 , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Book ▁ 1 2 ▁they ▁are ▁formally ▁hand fast ed ▁to ▁be ▁married . ▁ ▁Will ▁Som ers ▁Will ▁Som ers ▁is ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁fool ▁and ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁trou pe . ▁He ▁is ▁Mas ou ' s ▁boss ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁often ▁makes ▁exc uses ▁to ▁him ▁so ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁discre et ly ▁slip ▁out ▁to ▁Grace . ▁ ▁Som ers ▁runs ▁the ▁trou pe ▁and ▁produces ▁acts ▁for ▁the ▁Queen ▁and ▁her ▁Court , ▁especially ▁at ▁large ▁fe asts . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁trou pe ▁entertain ▁the ▁Queen ▁in ▁her ▁Pres ence ▁Chamber . ▁Will ▁Som ers ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁real ▁person ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁Henry ▁VIII ' s ▁personal ▁' f ool ' ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Elizabeth ▁ 1 st . ▁He ▁is ▁not ▁mentioned ▁too ▁much ▁in ▁the ▁books . ▁ ▁Mrs ▁Ch am per now ne ▁Mrs ▁Ch am per now ne ▁is ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁She ▁is ▁strict ▁and ▁often ▁re prim ands ▁Grace ; ▁in ▁Ass ass in , ▁Grace ▁is ▁out ▁at ▁night ▁once , ▁and ▁Mrs . ▁Ch am per now ne ▁threat ens ▁to ▁sp ank , ▁or ▁" b ir ch " ▁Grace ! ▁However , ▁when ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁of ▁Hon our ▁is ▁ill ,
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▁she ▁takes ▁good ▁care ▁of ▁them . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁important ▁character ▁throughout ▁the ▁series . ▁ ▁Mrs ▁Ch am per now ne ▁was ▁a ▁real ▁person , ▁unlike ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Myst eries . ▁She ▁looked ▁after ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I ▁as ▁a ▁baby . ▁In ▁Fe ud , ▁she ▁reveals ▁un know ingly , ▁the ▁last ▁clue ▁to ▁the ▁mystery ▁of ▁Car mina ' s ▁poison ing ▁to ▁Grace . ▁She ▁h ates ▁it ▁when ▁Grace ▁clim bs ▁trees ▁and ▁run ▁down ▁the ▁corrid ors ▁because ▁she ▁believes ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁" l ady ▁like ". ▁Mrs ▁Ch am per now ne ▁is ▁Wel sh , ▁and ▁Grace ▁states ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁a ▁sing - s ong ▁voice . ▁ ▁Mr ▁H att on ▁Mr ▁H att on ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Gent le men ▁Guard . ▁He ▁often ▁makes ▁the ▁arrest s ▁after ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁has ▁solved ▁a ▁mystery . ▁He ▁considers ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁silly ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁who ▁always ▁gets ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁example , ▁in ▁de ception ▁when ▁Grace ▁goes ▁with ▁Mr ▁H att on ▁she ▁gets ▁thro tt led ▁with ▁a ▁knife . ▁Sometimes , ▁Mr ▁H att on ▁is ▁too ▁r ash ▁and ▁arrest s ▁the ▁wrong ▁person ▁because ▁of ▁what ▁seems ▁obvious ▁– ▁one ▁example ▁is ▁in ▁book ▁ 1 1 ▁Ke ys ▁when ▁he ▁wrong ly ▁acc uses ▁the ▁clock maker ' s ▁app rent ice ▁for ▁murder ing ▁Mr ▁Ur seau
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. ▁ ▁He ▁loves ▁the ▁Queen ▁in ▁the ▁stories . ▁ ▁Book ▁Syn ops es ▁ ▁Ass ass in ▁ ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁Cav end ish , ▁an ▁or phan ed ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁to ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I , ▁must ▁choose ▁between ▁three ▁suit ors ▁that ▁the ▁Queen ▁has ▁chosen ▁for ▁her . ▁In ▁her ▁heart , ▁Grace ▁doesn ' t ▁want ▁to ▁marry ▁any ▁of ▁them ▁- ▁it ' s ▁merely ▁a ▁forced ▁choice ▁between ▁ancient ▁Sir ▁Charles , ▁s no ot y , ▁bul lying ▁Sir ▁Ger ald ▁and ▁p enn il ess , ▁tongue - t ied ▁Lord ▁Robert . ▁However , ▁disaster ▁soon ▁strikes ▁- ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁suit ors ▁is ▁found ▁murdered ▁and ▁another ▁is ▁apparently ▁guilty ! ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁is ▁un con vin ced ▁and ▁seeks ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁true ▁killer ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁her ▁loyal ▁friends , ▁Ell ie ▁the ▁laundry ma id ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁the ▁ac ro bat . ▁In ▁the ▁h ust le ▁and ▁bust le ▁of ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Court , ▁our ▁hero ine ▁must ▁solve ▁her ▁first ▁mystery , ▁hind ered ▁by ▁false ▁trails ▁and ▁the ▁limited ▁privacy ▁that ▁comes ▁with ▁her ▁status . ▁But ▁being ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁favorite ▁maid ▁of ▁honour ▁means ▁life ▁isn ' t ▁always ▁easy ▁and ▁sometimes ▁the ▁most ▁useless ▁things ▁come ▁in ▁as ▁quite ▁useful . ▁ ▁Bet ray al ▁ ▁A ▁trip ▁to ▁the ▁d ocks ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁handsome ▁sea ▁captain ▁Sir ▁Francis ▁D rake ▁sets ▁the ▁Court ▁in ▁a
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▁fl utter , ▁and ▁when ▁Grace ' s ▁fellow ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁the ▁vain ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my ▁myster iously ▁disappe ars , ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁assumes ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁run ▁away ▁to ▁marry ▁the ▁pir ate ▁captain . ▁However , ▁a ▁trail ▁of ▁cl ues ▁leads ▁the ▁Lady ▁P urs u iv ant ▁to ▁suspect ▁a ▁kidn apping ! ▁With ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁her ▁tum bler ▁friend ▁Mas ou , ▁she ▁st ows ▁away ▁on ▁D rake ' s ▁ship , ▁determined ▁to ▁save ▁her ▁friend ' s ▁reputation . ▁After ▁a ▁few ▁minutes ▁of ▁the ▁day , ▁you ▁could ▁see ▁it ▁and ▁then ▁you ▁could ▁get ▁it . ▁When ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁was ▁a ▁really ▁good ▁one , ▁yesterday ▁we ▁made ▁it . ▁ ▁Con spir acy ▁ ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁I ▁fle es ▁London ▁for ▁the ▁summer , ▁avoiding ▁the ▁out bur sts ▁of ▁pl ague , ▁and ▁takes ▁herself ▁and ▁her ▁Court ▁off ▁to ▁the ▁sleep y ▁English ▁countryside , ▁where ▁village ▁after ▁village ▁welcome ▁and ▁honour ▁the ▁Queen ▁as ▁their ▁blessed ▁sovere ign ▁and ▁queen . ▁When ▁they ▁get ▁to ▁the ▁grand ▁country ▁home ▁of ▁Lord ▁Robert ▁D ud ley , ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁lost ▁love , ▁the ▁grand ▁Swedish ▁Prince ▁S ven ▁has ▁come ▁to ▁court ▁the ▁Queen , ▁to ▁Lord ▁Robert ' s ▁disgust . ▁In ▁the ▁fl ur ry ▁of ▁excitement , ▁Grace ▁finds ▁herself ▁being ▁ar d ently ▁court ed ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁Lord ▁Robert ' s ▁hen ch men , ▁who ▁also
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▁speaks ▁Swedish . ▁That ▁night , ▁in ▁the ▁midst ▁of ▁entertainment , ▁bad ▁luck ▁seems ▁to ▁ha unt ▁the ▁Queen . ▁S add les ▁on ▁horses ▁slip , ▁stat ues ▁collapse ▁and ▁fire works ▁go ▁aw ry , ▁inj uring ▁a ▁little ▁boy . ▁Grace ▁pl ung es ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁time ▁into ▁the ▁h ust le ▁and ▁bust le ▁of ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁Court ▁as ▁she ▁tries ▁to ▁un r avel ▁the ▁mystery ▁of ▁the ▁murder ous ▁intent ▁of ▁a ▁hidden ▁presence . ▁No - one ▁is ▁beyond ▁suspicion , ▁and ▁Grace ▁knows ▁she ▁cannot ▁let ▁anyone ▁pull ▁the ▁wool ▁over ▁her ▁eyes . ▁ ▁De ception ▁ ▁Six ▁months ▁have ▁passed ▁and ▁snow ▁lies ▁thick ▁upon ▁the ▁ground ▁as ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁favourite ▁god d aughter ▁p aces ▁through ▁the ▁palace , ▁desperate ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Fro st ▁Fair . ▁A ▁temper ▁tan tr um ▁from ▁the ▁Queen ▁sends ▁the ▁Ma ids ▁and ▁Lad ies ▁fle eing ▁the ▁palace , ▁determined ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁fair . ▁But ▁their ▁evening ▁is ▁ruined ▁when ▁a ▁str angled ▁cor pse ▁is ▁found ▁upon ▁the ▁ice , ▁with ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁new ▁coins ▁bound ▁to ▁his ▁eyes . ▁The ▁Ma ids ▁are ▁rushed ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁palace ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁emergency , ▁leaving ▁Grace ▁with ▁yet ▁another ▁mystery ▁to ▁explore . ▁Her ▁sear ches ▁for ▁justice ▁take ▁her ▁all ▁over ▁London ▁and ▁beyond , ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁most ▁unlikely ▁vill ain ... ▁ ▁Ex ile ▁ ▁Spring ▁is ▁in
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ching ▁for wards ▁and ▁the ▁w ond rous ▁B ano o ▁Y asm ine ▁has ▁come ▁to ▁Court , ▁begg ing ▁for ▁a ▁loan ▁from ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth . ▁The ▁Court ▁is ▁bew itched ▁by ▁the ▁exotic ▁w onders ▁of ▁the ▁beautiful ▁young ▁woman ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁Grace ' s ▁closest ▁friends ▁begins ▁year ning ▁after ▁the ▁B ano o ' s ▁approval . ▁When ▁the ▁B ano o ▁Y asm ine ' s ▁most ▁precious ▁possession ▁goes ▁missing , ▁guards ▁sc ram ble ▁through ▁the ▁palace ▁in ▁the ▁vain ▁hope ▁of ▁over turn ing ▁the ▁jewel . ▁Suddenly ▁the ▁shout ▁goes ▁up ▁that ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Kings ▁rub y ▁has ▁been ▁found ! ▁Everyone ▁rejo ices , ▁including ▁Grace , ▁until ▁she ▁asks ▁after ▁the ▁th ief ' s ▁name . ▁In ▁horror , ▁she ▁learn s ▁that ▁the ▁finger ▁has ▁been ▁pointed ▁at ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁best ▁friends . ▁In ▁prov ing ▁Ell ie ▁B unting ' s ▁innoc ence , ▁Grace ▁cr ashes ▁through ▁the ▁castle ▁and ▁Court , ▁earning ▁a ▁record ▁for ▁cl ums iness ▁and ▁finding ▁a ▁lot ▁more ▁as ▁well ... ▁ ▁Fe ud ▁ ▁The ▁Court ▁pain ters ▁have ▁arrived ▁and ▁the ▁Queen ▁is ▁too ▁busy ▁to ▁pose ▁for ▁paintings , ▁so ▁Sarah ▁Bart el my ▁takes ▁her ▁place . ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁is ▁fasc inated ▁by ▁the ▁pain ters ▁and ▁their ▁skill , ▁when ▁suddenly ▁a ▁friend ▁of ▁hers ▁falls ▁danger ously , ▁myster iously ▁ill . ▁Grace ▁suspect s ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁natural ▁illness
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, ▁but ▁a ▁bot ched ▁assass ination ▁attempt ... ▁or ▁was ▁it ▁bot ched ? ▁Sc ram bling ▁through ▁the ▁palace , ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁finds ▁out ▁a ▁devast ating ▁truth ▁that ▁changes ▁the ▁very ▁way ▁she ▁looks ▁at ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁her ▁fellow ▁court iers ▁forever ... ▁ ▁Gold ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁M aid ▁of ▁Hon our ▁is ▁getting ▁married . ▁However , ▁the ▁prepar ations ▁are ▁interrupted ▁when ▁Her ▁Maj esty ' s ▁gold ▁is ▁stolen ! ▁Another ▁mystery ▁for ▁the ▁secret ▁Lady ▁P urs u iv ant . ▁But ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁doesn ' t ▁only ▁have ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁this ▁mystery ▁but ▁she ▁also ▁develop s ▁feelings ▁for ▁the ▁good - looking ▁Lord ▁R ux bury , ▁which ▁makes ▁it ▁hard ▁to ▁believe ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁be ▁the ▁th ief ... Will ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁trust y ▁friends ▁Ell ie ▁and ▁Mas ou ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁un cover ▁the ▁fortune ? ▁ ▁Ha unted ▁ ▁The ▁court ▁is ▁spending ▁the ▁summer ▁at ▁a ▁noble men ' s ▁estate ▁where ▁a ▁new ▁man or ▁house ▁is ▁being ▁built . ▁But ▁when ▁a ▁sp ook y ▁figure , ▁apparently ▁the ▁ghost ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Earl , ▁appears ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁big ▁up ro ar , ▁and ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁has ▁to ▁pursue ▁the ▁Queen ▁to ▁stay ▁at ▁the ▁man or ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁more ▁days , ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁can ▁solve ▁the ▁mystery , ▁because ▁she ▁is ▁sure ▁the ▁ghost ▁is ▁only ▁an ▁imp ost or . ▁An ▁imp ost
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or ▁who ▁is ▁aim ing ▁to ▁destroy ▁the ▁noble man ' s ▁dreams ▁and ▁his ▁man or . ▁Ass isted ▁by ▁her ▁friends ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁un co vers ▁the ▁ghost ' s ▁real ▁identity ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁bit ▁of ▁the ▁man or ' s ▁history . ▁ ▁Ke ys ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁clock maker , ▁Mr ▁Ur seau ▁is ▁found ▁dead ▁in ▁his ▁workshop ▁with ▁a ▁d agger ▁in ▁his ▁chest ▁and ▁a ▁key ▁cl ut ched ▁in ▁his ▁hand ▁the ▁finger ▁is ▁pointed ▁to ▁his ▁app rent ice . ▁But ▁Lady ▁Cav end ish ▁is ▁certain ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁murder . ▁Who ▁would ▁have ▁possibly ▁wanted ▁the ▁royal ▁clock maker ▁dead ? ▁What ▁are ▁these ▁secret ▁meetings ▁Mr ▁Ur seau ▁had ▁been ▁attending ▁to ? ▁And ▁does ▁the ▁key ▁have ▁anything ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁his ▁death ? ▁When ▁Grace ▁finds ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁d agger ▁was ▁not ▁intended ▁for ▁Mr ▁Ur seau ' s ▁chest ▁but ▁the ▁Queen ' s , ▁she ▁is ▁resolved ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁vill ain ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁possible . ▁ ▁L oot ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁twelve ▁years ▁since ▁Elizabeth ▁I ▁was ▁c rowned ▁England ' s ▁Queen . ▁The ▁whole ▁court ▁is ▁alive ▁with ▁the ▁celebr ations ▁and ▁many ▁foreign ▁visitors ▁have ▁come ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁mon arch ▁wear ▁the ▁famous ▁Crown ▁Jew els . ▁But ▁when ▁the ▁crown ▁of ▁St ▁Edward ▁is ▁stolen ▁from ▁a ▁guard ed ▁room , ▁it ▁is ▁up ▁to ▁Lady ▁Grace , ▁Ell ie ▁and ▁Mas ou
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▁to ▁find ▁the ▁th ief ▁and ▁make ▁sure ▁the ▁foreign ▁guests ▁are ▁not ▁disappointed . ▁Will ▁the ▁d aring ▁Lady ▁P urs u iv ant ▁find ▁the ▁vill ain ▁before ▁Her ▁Maj esty ▁is ▁publicly ▁hum ili ated ... ? ▁ ▁Reviews ▁ ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 0 7 1 2 0 4 1 6 4 0 0 2 / http :// blog crit ics . org / arch ives / 2 0 0 6 / 0 9 / 2 7 / 1 9 0 3 1 5 . php ▁ ▁http :// www . k ids read s . com / series / series - l ady - gr ace - tit les . asp ▁ ▁Category : M yst ery ▁novels ▁by ▁series ▁Category : Children ' s ▁historical ▁novels ▁Category : Children ' s ▁mystery ▁novels ▁Category : Hist or ical ▁mystery ▁novels ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁children ' s ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁Anthony ▁F . ▁Sh or ro cks ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁development ▁econom ist . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁career ▁▁ ▁Between ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁he ▁was ▁Director ▁of ▁U NU - WID ER . ▁Prior ▁to ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁Professor ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁before ▁that ▁he ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Es sex . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁had ▁several ▁visiting ▁appoint ments ▁in ▁the ▁US , ▁Canada , ▁Italy , ▁and ▁Russia
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. ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁many ▁publications ▁in ▁leading ▁economic ▁jour nals ▁on ▁income ▁and ▁wealth ▁distribution , ▁inequality , ▁poverty , ▁and ▁mobility . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁degree ▁was ▁a ▁B . Sc . ▁in ▁Mathemat ics ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Sus sex . ▁This ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁Masters ▁in ▁Econom ics ▁from ▁Brown ▁University . ▁He ▁took ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁Econom ics ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁( being ▁awarded ▁the ▁Bow ley ▁Prize ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ). ▁ ▁Sh or ro cks ▁index ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁he ▁introduced ▁a ▁measure ▁based ▁on ▁income ▁G ini ▁coefficients ▁to ▁estimate ▁income ▁mobility . ▁This ▁measure , ▁general ized ▁by ▁Ma as ou mi ▁and ▁Z and v ak ili , ▁is ▁now ▁generally ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Sh or ro cks ▁index , ▁sometimes ▁as ▁Sh or ro cks ▁mobility ▁index ▁or ▁Sh or ro cks ▁rig idity ▁index . ▁It ▁attempts ▁to ▁estimate ▁whether ▁the ▁income ▁inequality ▁G ini ▁coefficient ▁is ▁permanent ▁or ▁temporary , ▁and ▁to ▁what ▁extent ▁a ▁country ▁or ▁region ▁enables ▁economic ▁mobility ▁to ▁its ▁people ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁move ▁from ▁one ▁( e . g . ▁bottom ▁ 2 0 %) ▁income ▁quant ile ▁to ▁another ▁( e . g . ▁middle ▁ 2 0 %) ▁over ▁time . ▁In ▁other ▁words , ▁Sh or ro cks ▁index ▁comp ares ▁inequality ▁of ▁short - term ▁earnings
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▁such ▁as ▁annual ▁income ▁of ▁households , ▁to ▁inequality ▁of ▁long - term ▁earnings ▁such ▁as ▁ 5 - year ▁or ▁ 1 0 - year ▁total ▁income ▁for ▁same ▁households . ▁ ▁Professional ▁Rec ogn ition ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁elected ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Econom etric ▁Society . ▁ ▁Not ed ▁works ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁in ▁books ▁ ▁Journal ▁articles ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁U NU - WID ER : ▁Anthony ▁Sh or ro cks . ▁Profile ▁page ▁for ▁Anthony ▁Sh or ro cks ▁at ▁U NU - WID ER . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Sus sex ▁Category : B rit ish ▁econom ists ▁Category : B rown ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : D evel op ment ▁econom ists ▁Category : D evel op ment ▁specialists ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Econom etric ▁Society ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Normal ization ▁process ▁theory ▁( N PT ) ▁is ▁a ▁soci ological ▁theory ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁science ▁and ▁technology ▁studies ▁( ST S ). ▁The ▁theory ▁deals ▁with ▁the ▁adoption ▁of ▁technological ▁and ▁organiz ational ▁innov ations , ▁originally ▁in ▁the ▁healthcare ▁system . ▁It ▁was ▁developed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁normal ization ▁process ▁model . ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁Normal ization ▁process ▁theory , ▁dealing ▁with ▁the ▁implementation , ▁embedding , ▁and
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▁integration ▁of ▁new ▁technologies ▁and ▁organiz ational ▁innov ations , ▁was ▁developed ▁originally ▁from ▁a ▁collective ▁set ▁of ▁learning ▁workshops ▁and ▁included ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁people ▁including ▁Carl ▁R . ▁May , ▁Tr acy ▁Fin ch , ▁Elizabeth ▁Murray , ▁Anne ▁Rogers , ▁Catherine ▁Pope , ▁Anne ▁Kennedy , ▁Paul ine ▁O ng ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁theory ▁emerged ▁from ▁a ▁programme ▁of ▁theory ▁building ▁by ▁May ▁and ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁academ ics ▁from ▁applied ▁social ▁science ▁to ▁medicine . ▁Through ▁three ▁iter ations , ▁the ▁theory ▁has ▁built ▁upon ▁the ▁normal ization ▁process ▁model ▁previously ▁developed ▁by ▁May ▁et ▁al . ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁social ▁processes ▁that ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁routine ▁embedding ▁of ▁innovative ▁health ▁technologies . ▁ ▁Content ▁Normal ization ▁process ▁theory ▁focuses ▁attention ▁on ▁agent ic ▁contributions ▁– ▁the ▁things ▁that ▁individuals ▁and ▁groups ▁do ▁to ▁operational ize ▁new ▁or ▁modified ▁modes ▁of ▁practice ▁as ▁they ▁interact ▁with ▁dynamic ▁elements ▁of ▁their ▁environments . ▁It ▁defines ▁the ▁implementation , ▁embedding , ▁and ▁integration ▁as ▁a ▁process ▁that ▁occurs ▁when ▁participants ▁deliberately ▁initi ate ▁and ▁seek ▁to ▁sustain ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁events ▁that ▁bring ▁it ▁into ▁operation . ▁The ▁dynamics ▁of ▁implementation ▁processes ▁are ▁complex , ▁but ▁normal ization ▁process ▁theory ▁facil it ates ▁understanding ▁by ▁focusing ▁attention ▁on ▁the ▁mechanisms ▁through ▁which ▁participants ▁invest ▁and ▁contribute ▁to ▁them . ▁It ▁reveals ▁ ▁" the ▁work ▁that ▁actors ▁do ▁as ▁they ▁engage ▁with ▁some ▁ensemble ▁of ▁activities ▁( that ▁may ▁include ▁new ▁or ▁changed ▁ways ▁of ▁thinking , ▁acting ,
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▁and ▁organ izing ) ▁and ▁by ▁which ▁means ▁it ▁becomes ▁rout inely ▁embedded ▁in ▁the ▁matrices ▁of ▁already ▁existing , ▁soc ially ▁pattern ed , ▁knowledge ▁and ▁practices ". ▁ ▁These ▁have ▁explored ▁objects , ▁agents , ▁and ▁context s . ▁In ▁a ▁paper ▁published ▁under ▁a ▁creative ▁comm ons ▁license , ▁May ▁and ▁colleagues ▁describe ▁how , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁N PT ▁has ▁under g one ▁three ▁iter ations . ▁ ▁Object s ▁The ▁first ▁iteration ▁of ▁the ▁theory ▁focused ▁attention ▁on ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁properties ▁of ▁a ▁complex ▁healthcare ▁intervention ▁and ▁the ▁collective ▁action ▁of ▁its ▁users . ▁Here , ▁agents ' ▁contributions ▁are ▁made ▁in ▁recip ro cal ▁relationship ▁with ▁the ▁emer gent ▁capability ▁that ▁they ▁find ▁in ▁the ▁objects ▁– ▁the ▁en semb les ▁of ▁behaviour al ▁and ▁cognitive ▁practices ▁– ▁that ▁they ▁en act . ▁These ▁soc io - material ▁capabilities ▁are ▁governed ▁by ▁the ▁possibilities ▁and ▁constraints ▁presented ▁by ▁objects , ▁and ▁the ▁extent ▁to ▁which ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁work able ▁and ▁integrated ▁in ▁practice ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁mobil ized . ▁ ▁Ag ents ▁The ▁second ▁iteration ▁of ▁the ▁theory ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁analysis ▁of ▁collective ▁action , ▁and ▁showed ▁how ▁this ▁was ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁mechanisms ▁through ▁which ▁people ▁make ▁their ▁activities ▁meaningful ▁and ▁build ▁commit ments ▁to ▁them . ▁Here , ▁investments ▁of ▁social ▁structural ▁and ▁social ▁cognitive ▁resources ▁are ▁expressed ▁as ▁emer gent ▁contributions ▁to ▁social ▁action ▁through ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁gener ative ▁mechanisms : ▁co her ence
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▁( what ▁people ▁do ▁to ▁make ▁sense ▁of ▁objects , ▁agency , ▁and ▁context s ); ▁cognitive ▁participation ▁( what ▁people ▁do ▁to ▁initi ate ▁and ▁be ▁en rolled ▁into ▁delivering ▁an ▁ensemble ▁of ▁practices ); ▁collective ▁action ▁( what ▁people ▁do ▁to ▁en act ▁those ▁practices ); ▁and ▁ref lex ive ▁monitoring ▁( what ▁people ▁do ▁to ▁app raise ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁their ▁contributions ). ▁These ▁construct s ▁are ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁theory , ▁and ▁provide ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁its ▁analyt ic ▁purchase ▁on ▁practice . ▁ ▁Context s ▁The ▁third ▁iteration ▁of ▁the ▁theory ▁developed ▁the ▁analysis ▁of ▁agent ic ▁contributions ▁by ▁offering ▁an ▁account ▁of ▁cent r ally ▁important ▁structural ▁and ▁cognitive ▁resources ▁on ▁which ▁agents ▁draw ▁as ▁they ▁take ▁action . ▁Here , ▁dynamic ▁elements ▁of ▁social ▁context s ▁are ▁experienced ▁by ▁agents ▁as ▁capacity ▁( the ▁social ▁structural ▁resources , ▁that ▁they ▁possess , ▁including ▁inform ational ▁and ▁material ▁resources , ▁and ▁social ▁norm s ▁and ▁roles ) ▁and ▁potential ▁( the ▁social ▁cognitive ▁resources ▁that ▁they ▁possess , ▁including ▁knowledge ▁and ▁beliefs , ▁and ▁individual ▁intentions ▁and ▁shared ▁commit ments ). ▁These ▁resources ▁are ▁mobil ized ▁by ▁agents ▁when ▁they ▁invest ▁in ▁the ▁en semb les ▁of ▁practices ▁that ▁are ▁the ▁objects ▁of ▁implementation . ▁ ▁Location ▁within ▁soci ological ▁theory ▁Normal ization ▁process ▁theory ▁is ▁regarded ▁as ▁a ▁middle ▁range ▁theory ▁that ▁is ▁located ▁within ▁the ▁' turn ▁to ▁material ity ' ▁in ▁ST S . ▁It ▁therefore ▁fits ▁well ▁with ▁the ▁case - stud
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y ▁orient ed ▁approach ▁to ▁emp irical ▁investigation ▁used ▁in ▁ST S . ▁It ▁also ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁straightforward ▁alternative ▁to ▁actor – network ▁theory ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁insist ▁on ▁the ▁agency ▁of ▁non - human ▁actors , ▁and ▁seeks ▁to ▁be ▁explan atory ▁rather ▁than ▁des cript ive . ▁However , ▁because ▁normal ization ▁process ▁theory ▁spec ifies ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁gener ative ▁mechanisms ▁that ▁emp irical ▁investigation ▁has ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁relevant ▁to ▁implementation ▁and ▁integration ▁of ▁new ▁technologies , ▁it ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁larger ▁scale ▁structured ▁and ▁compar ative ▁studies . ▁Although ▁it ▁fits ▁well ▁with ▁the ▁interpret ive ▁approach ▁of ▁eth n ography ▁and ▁other ▁qual itative ▁research ▁methods , ▁it ▁also ▁l ends ▁itself ▁to ▁systematic ▁review ▁and ▁survey ▁research ▁methods . ▁As ▁a ▁middle ▁range ▁theory , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁feder ated ▁with ▁other ▁theories ▁to ▁explain ▁emp irical ▁phen omena . ▁It ▁is ▁compatible ▁with ▁theories ▁of ▁the ▁transmission ▁and ▁organization ▁of ▁innov ations , ▁especially ▁diffusion ▁of ▁innov ations ▁theory , ▁labor ▁process ▁theory , ▁and ▁psychological ▁theories ▁including ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁planned ▁behavior ▁and ▁social ▁learning ▁theory . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : S oci ological ▁theories ▁Category : Te chn ological ▁change ▁Category : S ci ence ▁and ▁technology ▁studies <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁( Cal B ike ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 4 ) ▁ ▁non profit ▁organization ▁based ▁in ▁Sac r amento ▁and ▁Oak land
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▁that ▁advoc ates ▁for ▁more ▁bicy cl ing ▁in ▁California . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁Education ▁Fund ▁is ▁a ▁related ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 3 ) ▁organization ▁that ▁conduct s ▁solely ▁char itable ▁functions , ▁mostly ▁by ▁supporting ▁Cal B ike . ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁the ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ' s ▁mission ▁is ▁to ▁" enable ▁more ▁people ▁to ▁bicy cle ▁for ▁the ▁health , ▁safety , ▁and ▁prosper ity ▁of ▁all ▁Cal iforn ians ." ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁has ▁adopted ▁an ▁official ▁goal ▁to ▁double ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁bicy cl ing ▁in ▁California ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁triple ▁it ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Vision ▁ ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁env isions ▁millions ▁of ▁people ▁riding ▁b ikes ▁every ▁day ▁in ▁California . ▁Network s ▁of ▁safe ▁streets ▁and ▁paths ▁convenient ly ▁connect ▁every ▁destination . ▁People ▁of ▁all ▁ages ▁and ▁abilities ▁enjoy ▁the ▁health ▁and ▁happiness ▁that ▁comes ▁from ▁bicy cl ing . ▁California ' s ▁local ▁communities ▁are ▁stronger ▁econom ically ▁thanks ▁to ▁less ▁autom obile ▁dependence . ▁Tra ffic - related ▁injuries ▁are ▁less ▁common ▁and ▁less ▁severe , ▁and ▁fatal ities ▁are ▁rare . ▁California ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁model ▁for ▁sustainable ▁transportation . ▁ ▁Strateg ies ▁ ▁A ▁detailed ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ' s ▁strategy ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁through ▁this ▁link . ▁▁ 1
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. ▁Create ▁robust ▁bicy cle ▁networks ▁and ▁related ▁infrastructure ▁in ▁communities ▁throughout ▁California . ▁▁ ▁Fac il itate ▁the ▁planning ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁networks ▁of ▁streets ▁and ▁paths ▁that ▁are ▁safe ▁and ▁attractive ▁for ▁all ▁kinds ▁of ▁bicy cl ing , ▁from ▁the ▁speed y ▁cycl ing ▁of ▁highly ▁skilled ▁r iders ▁to ▁the ▁in exper i enced ▁ped aling ▁of ▁children ▁and ▁the ▁most ▁caut ious ▁ex curs ions ▁of ▁sen iors . ▁Ensure ▁sufficient ▁transit ▁access , ▁parking , ▁and ▁other ▁facilities ▁as ▁necessary ▁to ▁meet ▁a ▁growing ▁need . ▁ ▁a . ▁Incre ase ▁state ▁funding ▁for ▁bicy cle ▁infrastructure ▁by ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁▁ ▁In flu ence ▁how ▁the ▁new ▁Active ▁Transport ation ▁Account ▁dis b urs es ▁money ▁to ▁local ▁agencies ▁and ▁programs ▁its ▁state - cont rolled ▁funds ▁to ▁increase ▁funding ▁and ▁give ▁priority ▁to ▁complete ▁networks . ▁ ▁Win ▁increased ▁funding ▁from ▁existing ▁and ▁new ▁federal ▁and ▁state ▁funding ▁sources , ▁including ▁but ▁not ▁limited ▁to ▁other ▁M AP - 2 1 ▁categories ▁and ▁prospect ive ▁cap - and - tr ade ▁reven ues . ▁ ▁b . ▁Em phas ize ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁high - quality ▁complete ▁bicy cle ▁networks . ▁▁ ▁El im inate ▁out dated ▁restrictions ▁on ▁bike way ▁design ▁so ▁that ▁by ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁most ▁city ▁officials ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁use ▁designs ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁City ▁Transport ation ▁Official s ▁Urban ▁B ike way ▁Design ▁Guide ▁among ▁others . ▁ ▁Prom
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ote ▁experiment ation ▁in ▁bike way ▁design . ▁ ▁Over ha ul ▁bike ▁plan ▁requirements ▁to ▁incent ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁complete ▁bicy cle ▁networks ▁by ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Develop ▁quality ▁standards ▁for ▁bicy cle ▁networks ▁and ▁get ▁Cal trans ▁to ▁adopt ▁them ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁bike way ▁design ▁manual ▁by ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁c . ▁Prov ide ▁sufficient ▁inter modal ▁connections ▁and ▁anc ill ary ▁facilities . ▁▁ ▁Requ ire ▁enough ▁secure ▁bike ▁parking ▁at ▁transit ▁stations ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁growing ▁demand . ▁ ▁Ensure ▁access ▁to ▁transit ▁vehicles ▁to ▁increase ▁transit ▁rid ership . ▁ ▁Prom ote ▁model ▁bicy cle ▁parking ▁ordin ances ▁for ▁resid ences ▁and ▁businesses ▁so ▁that ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁most ▁pop ulous ▁cities ▁have ▁adopted ▁such ▁policies ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁d . ▁Make ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁bicy cle ▁infrastructure ▁more ▁efficient . ▁▁ ▁Change ▁environmental ▁review ▁requirements ▁to ▁reduce ▁planning ▁costs ▁of ▁bicy cle ▁infrastructure ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Prom ote ▁model ▁complete ▁streets ▁policies ▁throughout ▁California ▁so ▁that ▁juris dict ions ▁covering ▁a ▁majority ▁of ▁Cal iforn ian ▁have ▁good ▁policies ▁in ▁place ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ 2 . ▁Main stream ▁bicy cl ing ▁in ▁California . ▁ ▁Use ▁the ▁talent ▁and ▁power ▁of ▁their ▁partner ▁organizations ▁to ▁help ▁all ▁Cal iforn ians ▁embrace ▁bicy cl ing ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁California ▁culture . ▁Create ▁widespread
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▁recognition ▁that ▁bicy cl ing ▁is ▁good ▁for ▁us ▁as ▁individuals ▁and ▁for ▁families ▁and ▁communities ▁for ▁reasons ▁of ▁health , ▁economy , ▁convenience ▁and ▁happiness . ▁ ▁a . ▁Learn ▁about ▁the ▁best ▁ways ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁bicy cl ing ▁and ▁help ▁implement ▁those ▁best ▁practices ▁at ▁Cal B ike ▁and ▁at ▁local ▁coal itions . ▁▁ ▁Update ▁Cal B ike ' s ▁brand , ▁style ▁guide , ▁and ▁communications ▁practices ▁and ▁apply ▁these ▁to ▁all ▁campaign ▁marketing ▁by ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Con duct ▁market ▁research ▁and ▁share ▁results ▁and ▁other ▁insights ▁with ▁Cal B ike ' s ▁local ▁partners ▁so ▁that ▁all ▁their ▁affiliates ▁are ▁aware ▁of ▁best ▁communications ▁practices ▁by ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁b . ▁Re ach ▁as ▁many ▁Cal iforn ians ▁as ▁possible . ▁▁ ▁Be ▁inclusive ▁with ▁cult ur ally ▁appropriate ▁out reach ▁and ▁programs ▁so ▁that ▁their ▁out reach ▁is ▁conducted ▁in ▁as ▁many ▁languages ▁and ▁media ▁as ▁necessary . ▁ ▁Exp and ▁B ike ▁to ▁Work ▁Day ▁to ▁increase ▁each ▁year ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁Cal iforn ians ▁reached ▁by ▁their ▁message . ▁ ▁Help ▁allies ▁and ▁businesses ▁communicate ▁positive ▁messages ▁about ▁bicy cl ing . ▁ ▁c . ▁Prom ote ▁open ▁streets ▁events ▁throughout ▁California . ▁▁ ▁Have ▁an ▁“ open ▁streets ” ▁event ▁in ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁most ▁pop ulous ▁count ies . ▁ ▁d . ▁Prom ote ▁bike - sh aring ▁throughout ▁California . ▁▁ ▁Have ▁a ▁fleet ▁of
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▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁bike - share ▁b ikes ▁in ▁place ▁throughout ▁California ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁▁ 3 . ▁Prote ct ▁people ▁who ▁ride ▁by ▁improving ▁the ▁respect ▁they ▁receive ▁from ▁motor ists ▁and ▁the ▁legal ▁system ▁ ▁Ensure ▁that ▁Cal iforn ians ▁respect ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁road ▁of ▁people ▁on ▁bicy cles ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁laws , ▁regulations , ▁and ▁legal ▁system ▁promote ▁bicy cl ing ▁and ▁protect ▁those ▁who ▁choose ▁to ▁ride . ▁ ▁a . ▁Prom ote ▁safe ▁passing . ▁▁ ▁Change ▁the ▁language ▁in ▁the ▁drivers ’ ▁manual ▁about ▁safe ▁sharing ▁of ▁the ▁road way ▁and ▁double ▁the ▁attention ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁issue ▁in ▁the ▁manual ▁and ▁driving ▁test ▁by ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁b . ▁Am end ▁laws ▁and ▁regulations ▁as ▁necessary ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁legal ▁environment ▁for ▁bicy cl ing . ▁▁ ▁Con duct ▁research ▁and ▁out reach ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁most ▁effective ▁actions ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁beyond , ▁including ▁but ▁not ▁limited ▁to ▁the ▁following : ▁Requ ire ▁ 3 - fe et ▁when ▁passing . ▁Make ▁it ▁easier ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁speed ▁limit ▁on ▁“ b icy cle ▁bou lev ards .” ▁Requ ire ▁police ▁reports ▁to ▁include ▁interviews ▁with ▁both ▁parties ▁in ▁a ▁traffic ▁crash ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁be ▁valid . ▁Pass ▁a ▁vulnerable ▁road ▁users ▁bill . ▁Mand atory ▁license ▁susp ensions ▁for ▁drivers ▁who ▁kill ▁somebody ▁while ▁driving ▁and /
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or ▁are ▁found ▁at ▁fault ▁for ▁a ▁hit ▁and ▁run . ▁All owing ▁motor ists ▁to ▁cross ▁the ▁double - y ellow ▁line ▁to ▁pass . ▁▁ 4 . ▁Grow ▁the ▁bicy cle ▁advoc acy ▁movement ▁throughout ▁California . ▁ ▁Stre ng then ▁the ▁organizations ▁and ▁support ▁the ▁individuals ▁who ▁advocate ▁for ▁more ▁bicy cl ing . ▁Incre ase ▁membership ▁and ▁financial ▁resources ▁of ▁organizations , ▁create ▁new ▁ones ▁where ▁they ' re ▁needed , ▁and ▁help ▁individuals ▁be ▁knowledge able ▁and ▁supported ▁by ▁their ▁peers ▁and ▁experts ▁in ▁the ▁movement . ▁ ▁a . ▁Support ▁Local ▁Adv oc acy ▁so ▁that ▁aggregate ▁membership ▁in ▁local ▁advoc acy ▁organizations ▁grows ▁by ▁ 1 0 % ▁each ▁year . ▁▁ ▁Create ▁and ▁support ▁the ▁Policy ▁Advis ory ▁Council , ▁holding ▁effective ▁meetings ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁two - third s ▁attendance ▁most ▁months ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁Contin ue ▁and ▁improve ▁Cal B ike ▁communications , ▁providing ▁high - quality ▁clip - and - p aste ▁material ▁for ▁disse min ation ▁on ▁a ▁monthly ▁basis . ▁ ▁Stre ng then ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁Cal B ike ▁and ▁our ▁local ▁partners ▁by ▁implementing ▁the ▁affili ation ▁agreement ▁and ▁expanding ▁its ▁scope ▁and ▁reach ▁to ▁triple ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁organizations ▁formally ▁affili ated ▁by ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁F isc ally ▁spons or ▁new ▁groups ▁when ▁necessary . ▁ ▁Link ▁local ▁organizations ▁with ▁national ▁organizations , ▁providing ▁a ▁condu it ▁for ▁resources ▁and ▁a ▁clear ▁channel ▁of ▁communication . ▁ ▁b .
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▁Hold ▁the ▁Cal B ike ▁Sum mit ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁for ▁advoc ates ▁and ▁media . ▁▁ ▁Bring ▁together ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁bicy cle ▁advoc acy ▁and ▁allies ▁and ▁the ▁media , ▁growing ▁the ▁event ▁by ▁ 2 5 % ▁each ▁time ▁over ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Sum mit ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 4 0 ▁att ende es . ▁ ▁c . ▁Con duct ▁best ▁practices ▁in ▁online ▁out reach . ▁▁ ▁Em phas ize ▁local ▁membership , ▁including ▁a ▁feature ▁on ▁cal b ike . org ▁that ▁direct s ▁visitors ▁to ▁their ▁own ▁local ▁coalition ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁location . ▁ ▁Use ▁social ▁media ▁effectively ▁to ▁increase ▁out reach ▁and ▁connect ▁Cal iforn ians ▁to ▁their ▁local ▁advoc acy ▁organization . ▁ ▁d . ▁Foster ▁and ▁support ▁other ▁pro - b icy cl ing ▁c auc uses ▁▁ ▁Prom ote , ▁provide ▁technical ▁and ▁administrative ▁assistance , ▁and ▁conven e ▁get - t og eth ers ▁of ▁like - minded ▁bicy cl ing ▁advoc ates , ▁including ▁but ▁not ▁limited ▁to ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁may ors ▁and ▁local ▁legisl ators ▁ ▁women ▁on ▁b ikes ▁ ▁rec re ational ▁bike ▁r iders ▁ ▁bike ▁retail ers ▁ ▁low - inc ome ▁advoc ates ▁ ▁cycl ing ▁groups ▁that ▁focus ▁on ▁communities ▁of ▁color ▁ ▁e . ▁Support ▁lobby ing ▁and ▁election e ering . ▁▁ ▁Prom ote ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁B ike ▁C
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auc us ▁with ▁events , ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁per ▁year , ▁in ▁Sac r amento . ▁ ▁Develop ▁a ▁bike ▁vote ▁score card ▁every ▁even - number ed ▁year . ▁ ▁Develop ▁a ▁sample ▁question naire ▁for ▁Assembly ▁and ▁Senate ▁candidates ▁every ▁even - number ed ▁year . ▁ ▁Create ▁state - of - the - art ▁online ▁lobby ing ▁tool ▁matching ▁cycl ing ▁advoc ates ▁with ▁their ▁legisl ators ▁by ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁is ▁established ▁as ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 4 ) ▁non profit ▁corporation ▁with ▁a ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁grant ▁from ▁the ▁B icy cle ▁Federation ▁of ▁America . ▁▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁writes ▁and ▁spons ors ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 1 0 2 0 , ▁which ▁more ▁than ▁tri ples ▁the ▁funding ▁allocated ▁to ▁the ▁B icy cle ▁Lane ▁Account , ▁the ▁only ▁California ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation ▁account ▁dedicated ▁solely ▁to ▁bicy cle ▁projects . ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁co - s pons ors ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 1 4 7 5 , ▁which ▁invest s ▁$ 1 1 5 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁over ▁five ▁years ▁in ▁bicy cl ist ▁and ▁pedest rian ▁safety ▁projects ▁near ▁California ▁schools , ▁creating ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁first ▁state wide ▁Safe ▁R outes ▁to ▁School ▁program .
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▁ ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁re writ es ▁the ▁bicy cl ing ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁Driver ' s ▁Man ual ▁to ▁better ▁educ ate ▁motor ists ▁about ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁bicy cl ists ▁on ▁roads . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁gets ▁the ▁DM V ▁to ▁include ▁a ▁question ▁about ▁bicy cl ists ’ ▁right ▁to ▁“ take ▁the ▁lane ” ▁in ▁the ▁mix ▁of ▁those ▁questions ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁exam . ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁spons ors ▁the ▁successful ▁California ▁Assembly ▁Con current ▁Res olution ▁ 2 1 1 , ▁which ▁direct s ▁cities ▁and ▁count ies ▁to ▁accommodate ▁bicy cl ists ▁in ▁all ▁transportation ▁projects ▁by ▁implementing ▁Cal trans ▁Deputy ▁Direct ive ▁ 6 4 ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation ' s ▁design ▁guidance ▁document ▁on ▁integr ating ▁bicy cl ing ▁and ▁walking ▁when ▁making ▁road ▁improvements . ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁fights ▁for ▁bike ▁r acks ▁on ▁bus es ▁by ▁successfully ▁am ending ▁the ▁vehicle ▁code , ▁through ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 1 4 0 9 , ▁to ▁allow ▁bus es ▁in ▁excess ▁of ▁ 4 5 ′ ▁in ▁length ▁to ▁operate ▁on ▁California ' s ▁high ways . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁also ▁works ▁on ▁the ▁“ B icy cle ▁Blue print ,” ▁California ' s ▁master ▁plan ▁for ▁bicy cl ing . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition
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▁hosts ▁the ▁first ▁bien n ial ▁Walk ▁B ike ▁California ▁Conference ▁( which ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁California ▁by ▁B ike ▁Sum mit ) ▁in ▁Oak land . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁hosts ▁the ▁second ▁Walk ▁B ike ▁California ▁Conference ▁in ▁Vent ura . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁introdu ces ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 1 3 5 8 , ▁The ▁Complete ▁Stre ets ▁Act , ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁transportation ▁plans ▁of ▁California ▁communities ▁meet ▁the ▁needs ▁of ▁all ▁users ▁of ▁the ▁road way ▁including ▁pedest ri ans , ▁bicy cl ists , ▁users ▁of ▁public ▁transit , ▁motor ists , ▁children , ▁the ▁elderly , ▁and ▁the ▁disabled . ▁A AR P ▁California ▁jo ins ▁the ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁as ▁the ▁bill ' s ▁co - s pon sor . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁supports ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 5 7 , ▁which ▁in def initely ▁extends ▁California ' s ▁Safe ▁R outes ▁to ▁School ▁program ▁created ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁hosts ▁the ▁third ▁Walk ▁B ike ▁California ▁Conference ▁in ▁Davis . ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁G ov . ▁Arnold ▁Sch war zen eg ger ▁signs ▁AB ▁ 1 3 5 8 ▁into ▁law ▁and ▁California ▁becomes ▁the ▁largest ▁state ▁to ▁embrace ▁Complete ▁Stre ets . ▁Meanwhile , ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁continues ▁to ▁work ▁closely ▁with ▁Cal trans
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▁as ▁the ▁agency ▁re vis es ▁Deputy ▁Direct ive ▁ 6 4 ▁( DD - 6 4 ) ▁to ▁state ▁clearly ▁Cal trans ’ ▁intention ▁to ▁ad here ▁to ▁Complete ▁Stre ets ▁principles ▁as ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁policy . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁successfully ▁spons ors ▁Assembly ▁Bill ▁ 1 4 6 4 , ▁which ▁estab l ishes ▁within ▁Cal trans ▁a ▁process ▁for ▁design ating ▁bicy cle ▁routes ▁of ▁regional , ▁state wide ▁and ▁national ▁significance . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁View ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Legisl ative ▁History ▁ ▁S pons ored ▁AB ▁ 3 4 5 ▁requiring ▁Cal trans ▁to ▁include ▁non ▁motor ized ▁representatives ▁on ▁its ▁important ▁Tra ffic ▁Control ▁Dev ices ▁Committee . ▁Cal trans ▁implemented ▁the ▁legislation ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁estab l ishes ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁Legisl ative ▁B ike ▁C auc us , ▁with ▁co - ch airs ▁Senator ▁Michael ▁Rub io ▁( B akers field ) ▁and ▁Wes ▁C hes bro ▁( Arc ata ). ▁ ▁Re formed ▁the ▁California ▁Tra ffic ▁Control ▁Dev ices ▁Committee ▁to ▁include ▁two ▁non mot or ized ▁transportation ▁experts ▁in ▁its ▁ranks . ▁As ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁long time ▁bicy cle ▁advoc ates ▁John ▁C ic care lli ▁and ▁Bryan ▁Jones ▁hold ▁seats ▁on ▁the ▁CT CD C . ▁ ▁Single - hand edly ▁improved ▁the ▁transportation ▁bill ▁in
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▁the ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁thanks ▁to ▁a ▁tim ely ▁press ▁action ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁Senator ▁Box er ▁released ▁the ▁draft ▁bill ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Gener ated ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁support ▁letters ▁to ▁the ▁Governor ▁for ▁SB ▁ 9 1 0 , ▁the ▁ 3 - foot ▁passing ▁bill , ▁and ▁developed ▁a ▁base ▁of ▁support ▁of ▁rec re ational ▁bicy cl ists . ▁ ▁Educ ated ▁thousands ▁of ▁cycl ists ▁through ▁the ▁California ▁Department ▁of ▁Public ▁Health - fund ed ▁B ike ▁Safe ▁California ▁website , ▁lunch time ▁sem in ars , ▁safe ▁cycl ing ▁instructor ▁train ings , ▁and ▁city ▁pl anner ▁workshops . ▁ ▁Hel ped ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁city ▁pl anners ▁and ▁engineers ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁accommodate ▁active ▁transportation ▁in ▁their ▁community ▁plans ▁through ▁six ▁workshops ▁held ▁throughout ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁Con ven ed ▁the ▁California ▁B ike ▁Sum mit , ▁bringing ▁together ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁leaders ▁of ▁bicy cl ing ▁advoc acy ▁organizations ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁state ▁to ▁figure ▁out ▁how ▁best ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁next , ▁bigger ▁steps ▁toward ▁a ▁more ▁bicy cle - friendly ▁California . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁View ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Legisl ative ▁History ▁ ▁Success fully ▁sponsored ▁AB ▁ 8 1 9 ▁author izing ▁Cal trans ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁experimental ▁process ▁for ▁allowing ▁cities ▁and ▁count ies ▁to ▁install ▁and ▁evaluate ▁protected ▁bike ▁facilities ▁like ▁those ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁Urban ▁B ike
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way ▁Design ▁Guide ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁City ▁Transport ation ▁Official s . ▁ ▁Success fully ▁sponsored ▁SB ▁ 1 3 3 9 ▁author izing ▁a ▁ 4 - year ▁pilot ▁program ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁comm ute ▁benefit ▁requirement . ▁ ▁Success fully ▁supported ▁AB ▁ 2 2 4 5 ▁to ▁ex empt ▁Class ▁II ▁bike ways ▁( i . e ., ▁bike ▁l anes ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁road way ) ▁from ▁environmental ▁review ▁under ▁the ▁California ▁Environmental ▁Quality ▁Act . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁View ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Legisl ative ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁won ▁the ▁“ Three ▁Fe et ▁for ▁Safety ▁Act ” ▁when ▁the ▁governor ▁finally ▁signed ▁the ▁bill ▁spec ifying ▁three ▁feet ▁as ▁the ▁safe ▁amount ▁of ▁clear ance ▁motor ists ▁should ▁provide ▁when ▁passing ▁a ▁bicy cle . ▁ ▁With ▁a ▁coord inated ▁effort ▁with ▁their ▁allies ▁in ▁active ▁transportation , ▁they ▁celebrate ▁a ▁ 3 5 % ▁increase ▁in ▁bike / ped ▁funding . ▁ ▁The ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁eliminated ▁an ▁arch a ic ▁regulation ▁that ▁made ▁it ▁hard ▁to ▁remove ▁a ▁traffic ▁lane ▁and ▁replace ▁it ▁with ▁a ▁bike ▁lane . ▁ ▁Con ven ed ▁the ▁, ▁which ▁received ▁considerable ▁media ▁attention , ▁brought ▁together ▁advoc ates ▁from ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁helped ▁prop el ▁the ▁bicy cl ing ▁movement ▁forward ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁http :// www . b ike - eu . com
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/ news / 2 5 4 / inter b ike - and - br & in - to - hold - ben ef it - for - cal ifornia - b icy cle - co al ition . html ▁ ▁http :// s ac r amento . b iz jour nals . com / s ac r amento / st ories / 2 0 0 4 / 0 6 / 2 1 / focus 4 . html ▁Mer ced ▁Sun - Star ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁California ▁B icy cle ▁Coal ition ▁ ▁Category : C ycl ing ▁in ▁California ▁Category : C ycl ing ▁organizations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Organ izations ▁based ▁in ▁Sac r amento , ▁California ▁Category : Environment al ▁organizations ▁based ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Non - profit ▁organizations ▁based ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁band ▁based ▁in ▁Brooklyn , ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁originally ▁formed ▁by ▁core ▁members ▁Luke ▁Temple , ▁Michael ▁Blo ch ▁and ▁Peter ▁H ale , ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁project ▁signed ▁to ▁Western ▁Vin yl ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁five - piece ▁group ' s ▁signing ▁to ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁After ▁previously ▁releasing ▁two ▁folk ▁albums ▁under ▁his ▁own ▁name ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 2 0 0 0 s
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, ▁Luke ▁Temple ▁released ▁the ▁self - t itled ▁album ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁Western ▁Vin yl , ▁described ▁by ▁P itch f ork ▁as ▁" h azy ▁electronic ▁text ures , ▁end lessly - spir aling ▁l yr ical ▁loops , ▁occasional ▁for ays ▁into ▁extended ▁sections ▁of ▁amb ience ▁and ▁noise ". ▁Temple ▁recorded ▁the ▁album ▁at ▁home ▁on ▁a ▁ 4 - track ▁rec order , ▁describing ▁the ▁recording : ▁" I ▁just ▁had ▁one ▁tom , ▁one ▁micro phone , ▁a ▁syn th ▁and ▁an ▁ac oustic ▁guitar . ▁I ▁didn ' t ▁have ▁a ▁full ▁drum ▁kit ▁or ▁normal ▁bass , ▁it ▁was ▁just ▁all ▁syn th ▁stuff ▁that ▁I ▁did ▁myself ." ▁The ▁album ▁does ▁feature ▁a ▁live ▁band ▁on ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁nine ▁tracks , ▁the ▁song ▁" Every thing ' s ▁Big ", ▁which ▁features ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁guitar ist ▁Michael ▁Blo ch ▁along ▁with ▁musicians ▁Tyler ▁Wood ▁( key boards ), ▁Parker ▁Kind red ▁( dr ums ) ▁and ▁Adam ▁Ch il ens ki ▁( b ass ). ▁ ▁P ige ons ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁After ▁several ▁tours ▁incorpor ating ▁members ▁Krist ina ▁Lie b erson ▁( key boards ) ▁and ▁Jen ▁Turner ▁( b ass ), ▁the ▁band ▁signed ▁as ▁a ▁five - piece ▁to ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁They ▁had ▁tou red ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁with ▁G ri zz ly
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▁Bear ▁and ▁The ▁Walk men . ▁The ▁second ▁album ▁P ige ons ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁band ▁wrote ▁and ▁recorded ▁the ▁album ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁several ▁months ▁living ▁together ▁in ▁a ▁se cluded ▁house ▁in ▁up state ▁New ▁York . ▁P ige ons ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁bass ist ▁Jen ▁Turner ▁and ▁engine ered ▁by ▁Victor ▁Mag ro . ▁The ▁first ▁single ▁off ▁P ige ons , ▁" Col lector ", ▁was ▁rated ▁" Best ▁New ▁Music " ▁by ▁P itch f ork ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁band ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁S X SW ▁festival ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁completed ▁tours ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁with ▁White ▁Rab bits ▁and ▁of ▁Europe ▁with ▁The ▁New ▁P orn ograph ers . ▁In ▁summer ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁band ▁played ▁at ▁multiple ▁major ▁fest ivals ▁including ▁Pr ima ver a ▁Sound , ▁Bon nar oo , ▁P itch f ork , ▁The ▁Great ▁E scape , ▁Lat itude , ▁Best ival , ▁and ▁Gl ast on bury , ▁where ▁Thom ▁Y or ke ▁said ▁they ▁were ▁his ▁favorite ▁act ▁of ▁the ▁festival . ▁They ▁ended ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁tour ing ▁with ▁the ▁Canadian ▁band ▁Bro ken ▁Social ▁Sc ene . ▁ ▁The ▁January ▁EP ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁In ▁the ▁months ▁leading ▁up ▁to ▁The ▁January ▁EP
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, ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁played ▁a ▁few ▁shows ▁around ▁North ▁America , ▁including ▁sets ▁at ▁Co ache lla ▁and ▁Wil co ' s ▁Sol id ▁Sound ▁Festival . ▁The ▁January ▁EP ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁band ' s ▁bass ist , ▁Jen ▁Turner . ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁recorded ▁the ▁tracks ▁live ▁on ▁an ▁analog ▁tape ▁in ▁a ▁band ▁built ▁living ▁room ▁during ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁they ▁were ▁working ▁on ▁P ige ons . ▁The ▁EP ▁was ▁widely ▁well ▁received , ▁gaining ▁high ▁marks ▁from ▁many ▁publications ▁and ▁critics . ▁Sl ant ▁Magazine ▁called ▁the ▁record ▁a ▁" syn thy , ▁dream y ▁album ▁captured ▁a ▁rich ▁sound ▁with ▁very ▁little ▁bl uster , ▁effectively ▁l ull ing ▁and ▁beg u iling ▁listeners ▁with ▁quiet , ▁ac oustic - driven ▁psy ched elia ". ▁ ▁A ▁Different ▁Ship ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁After ▁seeing ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ' s ▁Gl ast on bury ▁performance , ▁Radio head ▁producer ▁N ig el ▁God rich ▁asked ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁band ' s ▁fourth ▁album . ▁The ▁group ▁accepted , ▁and ▁A ▁Different ▁Ship ▁became ▁the ▁product . ▁The ▁album ▁gar ner ed ▁great ▁critical ▁ac claim . ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁said ▁A ▁Different ▁Ship ▁" dis cre et ly ▁shows ▁off ▁the ▁band ' s ▁met ic ulous ▁virt u osity ; ▁its ▁patterns ▁are ▁played , ▁not ▁program med ". ▁BBC ▁Music ▁held ▁the ▁album ▁to ▁an ▁equally ▁high ▁regard . ▁In ▁one ▁review ▁they ▁noted , ▁" Play
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ed ▁live ▁these ▁songs ▁will ▁met ast as ise ▁into ▁expans ive ▁j ams , ▁and ▁will ▁sound ▁great ▁when ▁they ▁do , ▁but ▁here ▁and ▁now ▁they ' re ▁sharp , ▁discipl ined , ▁and ▁seriously ▁compelling ". ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁headed ▁back ▁out ▁on ▁tour , ▁starting ▁with ▁a ▁show ▁at ▁the ▁Brooklyn ▁Bowl . ▁After ▁their ▁start ▁on ▁the ▁East ▁Coast , ▁they ▁made ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁Mid west ▁for ▁the ▁Mid point ▁Music ▁Festival . ▁Tour ▁dates ▁through ▁October ▁ 1 2 ▁included ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Andrew ▁Bird . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁they ▁performed ▁in ▁Britain , ▁supporting ▁El bow . ▁ ▁While ▁on ▁the ▁road ▁for ▁their ▁tour ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁band ▁picked ▁up ▁film maker ▁and ▁author ▁John ▁Wat ers , ▁who ▁was ▁h itch h iking ▁for ▁his ▁book ▁Cars ick . ▁T we ets ▁from ▁the ▁band ▁resulted ▁in ▁massive ▁media ▁coverage , ▁and ▁Wat ers ▁spoke ▁fond ly ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁in ▁the ▁book . ▁ ▁Be ▁Small ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁Following ▁ 2 0 1 2 ' s ▁A ▁Different ▁Ship , ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ▁began ▁to ▁drift ▁apart ▁as ▁new ▁professional ▁and ▁personal ▁av en ues ▁opened ▁up ▁for ▁them . ▁While ▁the ▁band ▁was ▁on ▁a ▁hi atus , ▁remaining ▁members ▁Luke ▁Temple ▁and ▁Michael ▁Blo ch ▁came ▁back ▁together ▁to ▁begin ▁recording ▁Be ▁Small
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. ▁The ▁ 1 1 - track ▁album ▁comb ines ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁band ' s ▁older ▁live ▁sessions ▁with ▁Temple ' s ▁newer ▁musical ▁ideas ▁from ▁his ▁home ▁studio . ▁The ▁Sk in ny ▁magazine ▁stated ▁that , ▁while ▁" Here ▁We ▁Go ▁Magic ' s ▁line - up ▁may ▁have ▁under g one ▁a ▁significant ▁res h uffle ▁since ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ' s ▁ac claimed ▁A ▁Different ▁Ship , ▁front man ▁Luke ▁Temple ▁has ▁managed ▁to ▁retain ▁a ▁similar ▁aur icular ▁template ▁with ▁Be ▁Small ." ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁band ▁headed ▁out ▁on ▁tour , ▁beginning ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁US , ▁with ▁stops ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Mus ical ▁style ▁The ▁first ▁album ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁" stream - of - conscious ▁lyrics ▁and ▁sw irl s ▁of ▁psy ched el ic , ▁lo - fi ▁noise ", ▁and ▁" ins ist ently ▁repet itive ▁gro oves ▁and ▁dens ely ▁lay ered ▁loops ". ▁N PR ▁Music ▁stated ▁that ▁its ▁" color ful ▁sw irl ▁of ▁synt hes izers ▁and ▁gu it ars ▁ranges ▁from ▁electronic ▁folk ▁to ▁psy ched elia ▁to ▁lo - fi ▁ac oustic ". ▁Erik ▁Adams , ▁writing ▁for ▁The ▁A . V . ▁Club , ▁saw ▁it ▁as ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁two ▁distinct ▁sides , ▁" one ▁full ▁of ▁hum m able , ▁gro ove - inf lected ▁bedroom ▁folk , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁pop
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ulated ▁by ▁cas c ading ▁waves ▁of ▁amb ient ▁white ▁noise ". ▁Tim ▁Di Gr av ina , ▁review ing ▁the ▁album ▁for ▁All mus ic ▁described ▁it ▁as ▁" every thing ▁but ▁the ▁kitchen ▁sink , ▁stream ▁of ▁conscious ▁composition ... t aking ▁on ▁a ▁couple ▁different ▁and ▁somewhat ▁incon gru ous ▁gen res , ▁from ▁Af ro - beat ▁pop ▁to ▁freak ▁folk ▁to ▁out right ▁noise ▁coll ages ". ▁ ▁The ▁expanded ▁line - up ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁" psy ched el ic ▁electro - folk " ▁and ▁walking ▁" the ▁line ▁between ▁amb ient ▁hyp not ica ▁and ▁melod ic ▁ind ie ▁rock ". ▁The ▁Independent , ▁review ing ▁" Col lector " ▁also ▁identified ▁a ▁k ra ut rock ▁influence , ▁stating ▁that ▁the ▁band ▁" channel ▁prop uls ive ▁k ra ut rock ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁to ▁great ▁effect ". ▁All mus ic ▁writer ▁Jason ▁Th ur ston ▁described ▁the ▁band ' s ▁sound ▁as ▁an ▁" eth ere al ▁coll age ▁of ▁ind ie ▁folk , ▁Bar o que ▁pop , ▁pl ains ▁country ▁( and ▁whatever ▁else ▁strikes ▁their ▁fancy ) ". ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Studio ▁albums ▁ ▁Ext ended ▁plays ▁and ▁singles ▁ ▁" The ▁Col lector " ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁ ▁" C as ual " ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁The ▁January ▁EP ▁( 2 0 1 1 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁
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▁How ▁Do ▁I ▁Know ▁b / w ▁My ▁Pl ate ' s ▁On ▁Fire ▁( 7 " ▁vin yl ) ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁" Hard ▁To ▁Be ▁Close " ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁" How ▁Do ▁I ▁Know " ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁ ▁" You ▁Get ▁More ▁D one ▁When ▁You ' re ▁Happy " ▁( F lex i - Dis c ▁Single ) ▁( 2 0 1 3 ), ▁Joy ful ▁No ise ▁Record ings ▁ ▁" Live ▁EP " ▁( 2 0 1 3 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁ ▁" F alling " ▁( 2 0 1 5 ), ▁Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁ ▁Music ▁V ide os ▁▁▁ ▁Fall ing ▁ ▁Hard ▁To ▁Be ▁Close ▁ ▁How ▁Do ▁I ▁Know ▁ ▁Make ▁Up ▁Your ▁Mind ▁ ▁Cas ual ▁ ▁Col lector ▁ ▁F ang ela ▁ ▁T unnel vision ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Ind ie ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Brooklyn ▁Category : Secret ly ▁Canadian ▁artists ▁Category : W estern ▁Vin yl ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁T ap en ag á ▁is ▁a ▁southern ▁department ▁of ▁Ch aco ▁Province ▁in ▁Argentina . ▁ ▁The ▁provincial ▁sub div ision ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁about ▁▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁inhabitants ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁▁ 6 , 0 2 5 km ² , ▁and ▁its ▁capital
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▁city ▁is ▁Char ada i , ▁which ▁is ▁located ▁around ▁ 1 , 0 7 0 km ▁from ▁the ▁Capital ▁federal . ▁ ▁S ett lement s ▁▁ ▁O et ling ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Dep art ments ▁of ▁Ch aco ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Sarah ▁Elizabeth ▁Smith ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁radio ▁and ▁television ▁news ▁reporter ▁with ▁the ▁BBC . ▁She ▁holds ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Scotland ▁Editor , ▁having ▁joined ▁the ▁BBC ▁in ▁Spring ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁for ▁the ▁run - up ▁to ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Independ ence ▁Refer end um ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁She ▁also ▁presents ▁the ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ 4 ▁Today ▁programme . ▁Smith ▁has ▁covered ▁stories ▁ranging ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁presidential ▁elections ▁and ▁the ▁Madrid ▁train ▁bomb ings ▁( for ▁which ▁Channel ▁ 4 ▁News ▁won ▁an ▁International ▁Em my ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ), ▁to ▁the ▁resign ation ▁of ▁I ain ▁Duncan ▁Smith ▁and ▁an ▁exclusive ▁interview ▁with ▁S add am ▁Hus se in ' s ▁defence ▁lawyer . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Smith ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Edinburgh ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁She ▁attended ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁then ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁with ▁a ▁Master ▁of ▁Arts . ▁ ▁Career ▁Smith ▁began ▁her ▁journal istic ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁graduate ▁train ee ▁with ▁BBC ▁Scotland . ▁She ▁spent ▁a ▁year ▁living ▁and
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▁working ▁in ▁B elf ast ▁for ▁BBC ▁Northern ▁Ireland , ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁she ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁gun point ▁by ▁the ▁Ul ster ▁Def ence ▁Association ▁( U DA ) ▁in ▁its ▁West ▁B elf ast ▁headquarters . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁Smith ▁moved ▁to ▁London ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁producer ▁with ▁BBC ▁Youth ▁Program mes , ▁working ▁on ▁R ough ▁Guide , ▁Rap ido ▁and ▁Report age . ▁Two ▁years ▁later ▁she ▁moved ▁to ▁news ▁and ▁current ▁affairs , ▁first ▁as ▁assistant ▁producer ▁with ▁the ▁Public ▁Eye ▁and ▁Here ▁& ▁Now ▁program mes . ▁She ▁then ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁producer ▁for ▁the ▁BBC ▁on ▁program mes ▁as ▁diverse ▁as ▁New sn ight , ▁Public ▁Eye ▁and ▁R ough ▁Gu ides . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁News ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁reporter ▁for ▁two ▁years . ▁ ▁Smith ▁was ▁then ▁the ▁first ▁news reader ▁on ▁More 4 ▁News ▁on ▁Channel ▁ 4 ' s ▁digital ▁television ▁sister ▁channel ▁More 4 . ▁She ▁was ▁Channel ▁ 4 ▁New ss ▁Washington ▁correspond ent ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Business ▁correspond ent ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Smith ▁presented ▁BBC ▁Two ' s ▁Scottish ▁current ▁affairs ▁programme , ▁Scotland ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁alongside ▁sports ▁present er ▁Jonathan ▁S uther land . ▁The ▁programme ▁first ▁a ired ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁She ▁was ▁appointed ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁first ▁Scotland ▁Editor ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 5
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, ▁to ▁cover ▁Scottish ▁news ▁for ▁a ▁UK ▁audience . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Smith ▁was ▁to ▁succeed ▁Andrew ▁Neil ▁as ▁the ▁present er ▁of ▁the ▁Sunday ▁Politics ▁programme ▁on ▁BBC ▁One ▁from ▁mid - Se ptember ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Family ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁el dest ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party ▁John ▁Smith , ▁and ▁of ▁Elizabeth ▁Smith , ▁Baron ess ▁Smith ▁of ▁Gil more hill . ▁She ▁has ▁two ▁younger ▁sisters : ▁Jane ▁and ▁Catherine ▁Smith . ▁The ▁John ▁Smith ▁Memorial ▁Trust , ▁on ▁whose ▁Advis ory ▁Council ▁she ▁sits , ▁lists ▁her ▁as ▁The ▁Hon . ▁Sarah ▁Smith ; ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁status ▁as ▁a ▁Baron ess ▁allows ▁her ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁use ▁" the ▁Hon our able " ▁before ▁her ▁fore name . ▁Smith ▁married ▁Simon ▁Con way , ▁an ▁author , ▁former ▁British ▁Army ▁officer ▁and ▁co - chair ▁of ▁the ▁Cl uster ▁Mun ition ▁Coal ition , ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁I ona , ▁where ▁her ▁father ▁is ▁buried , ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁service ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁Rev . ▁Douglas ▁Alexander , ▁father ▁of ▁former ▁Scottish ▁Labour ▁Party ▁leader ▁Wend y ▁Alexander . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of
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▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Glasgow ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : IT N ▁news read ers ▁and ▁journalists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁journalists ▁Category : B BC ▁news read ers ▁and ▁journalists ▁Category : Channel ▁ 4 ▁present ers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Edinburgh ▁Category : D aughters ▁of ▁bar ons <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Case ▁of ▁the ▁C aut ious ▁Cond or ▁is ▁an ▁adventure ▁game ▁ ▁in ▁an ▁interactive ▁comic ▁book ▁style ▁developed ▁by ▁T iger ▁Media , ▁Inc .. ▁It ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁CD - ROM - only ▁games ▁that ▁was ▁further more ▁a ▁complete ▁new ▁development ▁for ▁that ▁media ▁and ▁not ▁only ▁a ▁port ▁of ▁another ▁version ▁such ▁as ▁an ▁already ▁existing ▁fl op py ▁disc ▁game ▁or ▁a ▁laser dis c ▁arc ade ▁machine . ▁ ▁The ▁game ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁ ▁for ▁FM ▁Town s ▁in ▁Japan ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁later ▁also ▁for ▁CD TV ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁and ▁MS - D OS ▁( 1 9 9 2 ). ▁It ▁won ▁several ▁awards , ▁such ▁as ▁" Best ▁Advent ure ▁ 1 9 8 9 " ▁in ▁Japan . ▁The ▁game ▁sold ▁below ▁expectations ▁of ▁the ▁developer ▁also ▁because ▁CD - ROM ▁drives ▁were ▁not ▁yet ▁widespread ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁Bas ically ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁detective ▁adventure ▁game ▁in ▁which ▁with ▁your ▁help , ▁private ▁eye ▁Ned ▁Peters ▁has ▁to ▁figure ▁out ▁the ▁identity ▁of ▁the ▁murder er ▁by ▁wand
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ering ▁around ▁the ▁rooms , ▁looking ▁for ▁cl ues ▁and ▁over he ar ▁conversations ▁between ▁the ▁other ▁guests ▁aboard ▁the ▁Sp ru ce ▁Go ose - like ▁flying ▁boat ▁" Cond or " ▁on ▁a ▁cruise ▁over ▁the ▁Atlantic . ▁The ▁game ▁has ▁no ▁text ▁because ▁all ▁the ▁dialogue ▁is ▁being ▁played ▁from ▁the ▁CD ▁and ▁the ▁interface ▁is ▁completely ▁mouse - driven . ▁ ▁T iger ▁Media ▁released ▁later ▁a ▁similar ▁game ▁called ▁Mur der ▁M akes ▁Str ange ▁Dead f ell ows . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Computer ▁G aming ▁World ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁stated ▁that ▁" Th ough ▁the ▁story ▁was ▁manufactured ▁in ▁the ▁O rient ▁Express ▁Mur der ▁Myst ery ▁machine , ▁this ▁interactive ▁comic ▁book ▁is ▁novel ▁enough ▁to ▁warrant ▁a ▁serious ▁look ▁... ▁A ▁mult imedia ▁di version ▁for ▁the ▁whole ▁family ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁The ▁Last ▁Express ▁Mur der ▁on ▁the ▁Z inder ne uf ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Entry ▁for ▁The ▁Case ▁of ▁the ▁C aut ious ▁Cond or ▁at ▁H OL ▁ ▁Category : D OS ▁games ▁Category : Am iga ▁games ▁Category : FM ▁Town s ▁games ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Fred ▁A . ▁Wil co x ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁associate ▁professor ▁in ▁the ▁writing ▁department ▁at ▁I th aca ▁College . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁six ▁books ▁on ▁issues ▁including ▁the ▁ ▁Vietnam ▁War , ▁nuclear ▁power , ▁and ▁the ▁Pl ow sh ares ▁Movement .
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▁Two ▁of ▁his ▁books ▁discuss ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange , ▁a ▁def ol iant ▁used ▁extens ively ▁during ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁Wil co x ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁Iowa . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Iowa ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁Soci ology ▁and ▁English . ▁ ▁He ▁earned ▁an ▁M FA ▁from ▁the ▁Iowa ▁Writ ers ' ▁Work shop ▁and ▁a ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁English ▁and ▁Ex pository ▁Writing ▁from ▁S UN Y ▁Alb any . ▁ ▁Books ▁on ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁book ▁on ▁the ▁subject , ▁Wait ing ▁for ▁an ▁Army ▁to ▁Die ▁( ), ▁rec ount s ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁chemical ▁def ol iant ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁on ▁US ▁troops ▁during ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War . ▁The ▁chemical ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁dense ▁fol i age ▁of ▁the ▁forests ▁in ▁Vietnam , ▁which ▁the ▁US ▁military ▁believed ▁provided ▁cover ▁to ▁enemy ▁fighters . ▁Wil co x ▁follows ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁US ▁veterans ▁who ▁argue ▁that ▁the ▁chemical ▁was ▁toxic , ▁c iting ▁health ▁conditions ▁including ▁cancer ▁and ▁fet al ▁de form ations . ▁The ▁book ▁helped ▁bring ▁to ▁light ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁Jon ▁W . ▁Mitchell ▁wrote ▁in ▁The ▁Asia - P ac ific ▁Journal : ▁Japan ▁Focus : ▁" In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Fred ▁A . ▁Wil co x ▁chronic led ▁the ▁struggles ▁that ▁US ▁veterans
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▁faced ▁in ▁receiving ▁recognition ▁for ▁their ▁exposure ▁to ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁during ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War ▁in ▁the ▁book ▁Wait ing ▁For ▁An ▁Army ▁to ▁Die . ▁Twenty - two ▁years ▁later , ▁the ▁title ▁still ▁enc aps ulates ▁the ▁attitude ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁Pent agon ▁and ▁the ▁VA ▁towards ▁former ▁service ▁members ▁c iting ▁exposure ▁to ▁dio x ins ▁on ▁Ok in awa ." ▁George ▁Cl a xt on , ▁Chair ▁Emer it us ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Agent ▁Orange / D io x in ▁Committee ▁of ▁Vietnam ▁Veter ans ▁of ▁America , ▁wrote ▁in ▁a ▁book ▁review ▁in ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁Zone , ▁" In ▁the ▁past ▁thirty ▁three ▁years ▁I ▁have ▁read ▁every ▁book ▁published ▁on ▁the ▁tragedy ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁and ▁dio x in . ▁Beyond ▁a ▁doubt , ▁Sc or ched ▁Earth ▁... ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁inform ative ▁works ▁of ▁truth ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁market ." ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Wil co x ▁published ▁Sc or ched ▁Earth ▁( ), ▁ ▁a ▁continu ation ▁of ▁the ▁issues ▁he ▁addressed ▁in ▁Wait ing ▁for ▁an ▁Army ▁to ▁Die . ▁ ▁In ▁it ▁he ▁exam ines ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁on ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁people ▁and ▁their ▁natural ▁environment . ▁Wil co x ▁traveled ▁with ▁his ▁son , ▁Brend an ▁Wil co x , ▁whose ▁photos ▁accompany ▁Wil co x ' s ▁text , ▁to ▁Vietnam ▁to ▁interview ▁individuals ▁and ▁families ▁suffering ▁from ▁many ▁health ▁issues ▁related ▁to ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁exposure . ▁The ▁conditions ▁include ▁H od
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g kin ' s ▁l ym ph oma , ▁ch lor ac ne , ▁severe ▁birth - def ect s ▁and ▁various ▁types ▁of ▁cancer , ▁among ▁others . ▁ ▁About ▁the ▁book , ▁Ev agg el os ▁Vall ian atos ▁wrote ▁in ▁The ▁World ▁Post ▁( a ▁partnership ▁of ▁The ▁H uff ington ▁Post ▁and ▁Ber gg ru en ▁Institute ▁on ▁Govern ance ," It ▁is ▁el o qu ent , ▁thought ▁prov oking , ▁absor bing , ▁d aring , ▁moral , ▁and ▁necessary . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁j olt ▁to ▁historical ▁am nes ia . ▁It ▁tells ▁what ▁chemical ▁war fare ▁did ▁to ▁Vietnam ▁-- ▁and , ▁to ▁a ▁lesser ▁degree , ▁America ." ▁ ▁Books ▁on ▁peace ▁and ▁activ ism ▁Wil co x ' s ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁book ▁Un common ▁Mart yr s : ▁The ▁Pl ow sh ares ▁Movement ▁and ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Left ▁is ▁a ▁portrait ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁figures ▁in ▁the ▁movement ▁named ▁from ▁the ▁b iblical ▁command ▁to ▁" beat ▁sw ords ▁into ▁pl ow sh ares ." ▁Led ▁by ▁radical ▁priests ▁Philip ▁and ▁Daniel ▁B err igan , ▁it ▁included ▁many ▁well - known ▁Catholic ▁peace ▁activ ists ▁who ▁engaged ▁in ▁many ▁acts ▁of ▁civil ▁dis ob ed ience ▁in ▁their ▁attempts ▁to ▁stop ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War . ▁ ▁Wil co x ▁cow rote ▁Fight ing ▁the ▁Lamb ' s ▁War , ▁() ▁the ▁aut obi ography ▁of ▁Philip ▁B err igan , ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6
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. ▁ ▁Other ▁works ▁ ▁Wil co x ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁novel , ▁Sec rets , ▁a ▁mem oir , ▁Ch asing ▁Sh adows : ▁Mem oirs ▁of ▁a ▁Si xt ies ▁Sur viv or , ▁and ▁shorter ▁essays ▁and ▁non f iction ▁works . ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Wr itten ▁by ▁Wil co x ▁▁ ▁Wait ing ▁for ▁an ▁Army ▁to ▁Die : ▁The ▁Tr aged y ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁( Random ▁House ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁Seven ▁Stories ▁Press ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Un common ▁Mart yr s ▁( Add ison - W es ley ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Ch asing ▁Sh adows : ▁Mem oirs ▁of ▁a ▁Si xt ies ▁Sur viv or ▁( The ▁P erman ent ▁Press ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁Fight ing ▁the ▁Lamb ' s ▁War : ▁Sk irm ishes ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁Empire ▁( the ▁aut obi ography ▁of ▁Philip ▁B err igan ) ▁( Common ▁Cour age ▁Press ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁Sc or ched ▁Earth : ▁Leg acies ▁of ▁Chem ical ▁War fare ▁in ▁Vietnam ▁( S even ▁Stories ▁Press ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Sec rets ▁( Split ▁Oak ▁Press ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Wil co x ▁▁ ▁Gr ass ▁Root s : ▁An ▁Anti - N u ke ▁Source ▁Book ▁( Cross ing ▁Press ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁Dis ciples ▁& ▁D iss idents ▁( H ale ys ▁
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2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Reference ▁ 2 : ▁Note ▁that ▁Wil ce ▁makes ▁the ▁incorrect ▁assert ion ▁that ▁Wil co x ▁" bro ke " ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Agent ▁Orange . ▁He ▁did ▁not , ▁but ▁this ▁book ▁un co vers ▁much ▁new ▁information ▁about ▁its ▁use ▁and ▁effects ▁on ▁U . S . ▁soldiers ▁and ▁personnel ▁in ▁Vietnam ▁during ▁and ▁after ▁their ▁service ▁there . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁" Wait ing ▁for ▁an ▁Army ▁to ▁Die " ▁ ▁Sc or ched ▁Earth ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Hist or ians ▁of ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War ▁Category : Ant i - n uc lear ▁movement ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁Iowa ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Iowa ▁al umn i ▁Category : I th aca ▁College ▁faculty <0x0A> </s> ▁Glen n ▁Lay ende cker ▁( born ▁May ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁professional ▁tennis ▁player ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁His ▁highest ▁singles ▁ranking ▁was ▁world ▁No . ▁ 4 8 ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁Lay ende cker ' s ▁highest ▁dou bles ▁ranking ▁was ▁world ▁No . ▁ 3 2 . ▁His ▁career ▁wins ▁included ▁wins ▁over ▁Andre ▁Ag ass i , ▁Michael ▁Ch ang , ▁Y ann ick ▁Noah , ▁Aaron ▁Kr ick stein , ▁Anders ▁J är ry d , ▁and ▁Brad ▁Gilbert ▁in ▁singles
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▁matches . ▁He ▁also ▁be aned ▁John ▁Mc En roe ▁in ▁the ▁temple ▁with ▁an ▁approach ▁shot ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁Open . ▁ ▁Lay ende cker ▁graduated ▁from ▁Yale ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁tennis ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Oregon ▁Ep isc op al ▁School ▁A ard v arks . ▁Under ▁his ▁coaching , ▁the ▁team ▁gar ner ed ▁four ▁consecutive ▁state ▁titles . ▁Lay ende cker ▁lives ▁in ▁San ▁M ate o , ▁California ▁and ▁works ▁for ▁the ▁West ▁Coast ▁Conference . ▁ ▁Career ▁fin als ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁( 1 ▁title , ▁ 4 ▁runner - ups ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Stanford , ▁California ▁Category : American ▁male ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Lake ▁O sw ego , ▁Oregon ▁Category : T ennis ▁people ▁from ▁California ▁Category : Y ale ▁Bul ld ogs ▁men ' s ▁tennis ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Z imb ab we ▁Premier ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁season ▁( known ▁as ▁the ▁Castle ▁L arg er ▁Premier ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁for ▁spons orship ▁reasons ) ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁thirty ▁third ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁Z imb ab we ▁Premier ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁since ▁its ▁establishment ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁The ▁season ▁began ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁D ynam os ▁are ▁the ▁defending ▁champions
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, ▁having ▁won ▁the ▁previous ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Z imb ab we ▁Premier ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁season . ▁The ▁season ▁will ▁feature ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Z PS L ▁season ▁and ▁four ▁new ▁teams ▁promoted ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Z ifa ▁Division ▁One ▁League : ▁How ▁Mine , ▁Tri angle ▁United ▁F . C ., ▁Tri ple ▁B ▁and ▁Black ▁Rh inos ▁who ▁replace ▁re leg ated ▁Buff al oes ▁F . C ., ▁Har are ▁City , ▁Hard body ▁and ▁Qu el aton . ▁ ▁Te ams ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁teams ▁will ▁contest ▁the ▁league , ▁including ▁ 1 2 ▁sides ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁and ▁four ▁promoted ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Z ifa ▁Division ▁One ▁League . ▁ ▁Stadium s ▁and ▁locations ▁Football ▁teams ▁in ▁Z imb ab we ▁tend ▁to ▁use ▁multiple ▁stadium s ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁a ▁season ▁for ▁their ▁home ▁games . ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁will ▁only ▁indicate ▁the ▁stadium ▁used ▁most ▁often ▁by ▁the ▁club ▁for ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁ ▁League ▁table ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Z imb ab we ▁Premier ▁Soc cer ▁League ▁Soc cer W ay ▁Z PS L ▁Results ▁Z PS L ▁Stand ings ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁Z imb ab we an ▁sport ▁Z im <0x0A> </s> ▁Soph ron ica ▁r uf ip ennis ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁be et le ▁in ▁the
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▁family ▁Cer amb yc idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Per ▁O lo f ▁Christopher ▁Aur iv ill ius ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : S oph ron ica ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁American ▁Res idential ▁Services ▁( AR S ) ▁is ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁network ▁of ▁pl umbing , ▁and ▁home ▁and ▁commercial ▁heating ▁and ▁air ▁condition ing ▁( H V AC ) ▁businesses , ▁operating ▁under ▁the ▁trade ▁name ▁AR S / Res c ue ▁Root er . ▁The ▁trade ▁name ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁acquisition ▁and ▁mer ging ▁of ▁AR S ▁and ▁Res c ue ▁Root er ▁by ▁their ▁then - parent ▁company ▁Service Master . ▁They ▁have ▁locations ▁in ▁ 2 4 ▁states . ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁Mem ph is , ▁Tennessee . ▁The ▁AR S ▁m asc ots ▁are ▁D andy ▁and ▁his ▁side k ick ▁P ron to . ▁ ▁History ▁AR S ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁name ▁" Res c ue ▁Root er " ▁was ▁trad emark ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁by ▁the ▁California - based ▁Res c ue ▁Indust ries ▁Inc . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁family - owned ▁West ▁Coast ▁pl umbing ▁and ▁drain ▁cleaning ▁company . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁AR S ▁was ▁founded ▁to ▁consolid ate ▁local ▁and ▁regional ▁H V AC ▁service ▁companies . ▁Short ly ▁after , ▁The ▁Serv ic
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em aster ▁Company , ▁based ▁in ▁Down ers ▁Gro ve , ▁Illinois , ▁acquired ▁both ▁Res c ue ▁Root er ▁and ▁AR S , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁respectively , ▁and ▁brought ▁them ▁together ▁under ▁the ▁" AR S / Service ▁Express " ▁brand . ▁The ▁company ▁eventually ▁dropped ▁the ▁" Service ▁Express ▁brand ▁and ▁the ▁parent ▁brand ▁was ▁known ▁primarily ▁as ▁“ AR S / Res c ue ▁Root er .” ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁the ▁company ▁had ▁around ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁employees . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁AR S / Res c ue ▁Root er ▁was ▁then ▁acquired ▁from ▁Service Master ▁by ▁two ▁private ▁equity ▁firms , ▁Ca xt on - I se man ▁Capital ▁and ▁Royal ▁Palm ▁Capital ▁Part ners , ▁for ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁million . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁AR S ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Charles bank ▁Capital ▁Part ners ▁from ▁Ca xt on - I se man ▁Capital ▁and ▁Royal ▁Palm ▁Capital ▁Part ners . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Res c ue ▁Root er ▁website ▁ ▁Category : He ating , ▁vent il ating , ▁and ▁air ▁condition ing ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁Mem ph is , ▁Tennessee ▁Category : Pl umbing ▁Category : Service ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Priv ately ▁held ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁Tennessee <0x0A> </s> ▁So
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▁It ▁Go es ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁TV ▁music ▁show ▁presented ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁on ▁Gran ada ▁Television ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁It ▁is ▁most ▁famous ▁for ▁show c asing ▁the ▁then ▁bur geon ing ▁punk ▁rock ▁movement . ▁It ▁was ▁named ▁partially ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁Kurt ▁Von neg ut ' s ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁novel ▁Sl aughter house - F ive . ▁ ▁The ▁show ' s ▁first ▁series , ▁produced ▁by ▁Chris ▁Py e , ▁gave ▁the ▁Sex ▁P ist ols ▁their ▁first ▁ever ▁TV ▁appearance , ▁and ▁featured ▁performances ▁by ▁ ▁P atti ▁Smith . ▁It ▁also ▁included ▁occasional ▁non - p unk ▁guests ▁such ▁as ▁journalist ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁and ▁comed ian ▁Peter ▁Cook ▁( host ing ▁a ▁' R iff ▁of ▁the ▁Month ' ▁competition ). ▁The ▁second ▁series , ▁produced ▁by ▁Geoff ▁Moore , ▁featured ▁performances ▁by ▁The ▁Jam , ▁The ▁Cl ash , ▁ ▁B uzz c ocks , ▁The ▁Str ang lers , ▁and ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es . ▁An ▁ex plet ive - stre wn ▁appearance ▁by ▁I g gy ▁Pop ▁proved ▁too ▁much ▁for ▁Gran ada ▁boss es , ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁cancellation ▁of ▁a ▁third ▁series . ▁ ▁Episode ▁guide ▁The ▁first ▁series ▁consisted ▁of ▁nine ▁ed itions ▁that ▁ran ▁from ▁ 3 ▁July ▁- ▁ 2 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁This ▁was ▁followed ▁over ▁a ▁year ▁later ▁by ▁the ▁second ▁series
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, ▁consisting ▁of ▁ten ▁ed itions ▁running ▁from ▁ 9 ▁October ▁- ▁ 1 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ 1 ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁only ▁ever ▁shown ▁in ▁three ▁IT V ▁regions ▁including ▁Gran ada . ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Show ▁ 1 ▁Broad cast ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁The ▁' Op portun ity ▁R ocks ' ▁spot ▁featured ▁to ▁the ▁Jeff ▁R aven ▁Band , ▁seen ▁performing ▁" I ▁Just ▁Can ' t ▁Get ▁Next ▁To ▁You " ▁live ▁in ▁concert . ▁Trad itional ▁Irish ▁music ▁group ▁The ▁Ch ie ft ains ▁were ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁" M ná ▁na ▁h É ire ann " ▁and ▁" Tr ad itional ▁Song ". ▁Peter ▁Blake ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁J ann ▁How arth , ▁discussed ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁Beat les ' ▁S gt . ▁P epper ' s ▁L on ely ▁He arts ▁Club ▁Band ▁album , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁how ▁the ▁original ▁idea ▁was ▁con ceived ▁and ▁produced . ▁▁ ▁In ▁a ▁spo of ▁" Where ▁Are ▁They ▁Now ?" ▁feature , ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁visited ▁Stephen ▁Haw es , ▁a ▁university ▁lect urer ▁in ▁French , ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁he ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁university ▁lect urer ▁in ▁French , ▁and ▁Tom ▁Wait s ▁was ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' Bet ter ▁Off ▁Without ▁A ▁W ife '.
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▁After ▁a ▁spo of ▁ad ▁break ▁( feat uring ▁old ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁ad verts ▁for ▁" Top ▁Br ass " ▁sh amp oo ▁and ▁" All " ▁washing ▁powder ), ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁imp erson ated ▁Henry ▁Kiss inger ▁in ▁Br ain ▁Dam age . ▁ ▁The ▁" As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By " ▁feature ▁looked ▁back ▁at ▁Sister ▁Ros etta ▁Th ar pe ▁performing ▁' I ▁Got ta ▁Blues ▁but ▁I ▁Too ▁Dam n ▁Mean ▁to ▁Cry ' ▁at ▁Ch or l ton - c um - Hard y ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁( ass umed ▁to ▁be ▁originally ▁from ▁Gran ada ▁Television ' s ▁Blues ▁and ▁G ospel ▁Train ▁special ). ▁The ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁in ▁' P ressed ▁to ▁Kill ' ▁was ▁from ▁the ▁Mike ▁West bro ok ▁Orchestra . ▁Cl osing ▁the ▁show ▁were ▁The ▁S uther land ▁B ros ▁and ▁Q ui ver ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' When ▁the ▁Train ▁Com es '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 2 ▁▁ ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁ ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁ ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁ ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Live ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁Kevin ▁A yers ▁performed ▁' B all ad ▁Of ▁Mr ▁Sn ake '. ▁The ▁featured ▁album ▁in ▁' P ressed ▁to ▁Kill ' ▁was ▁' R ock ▁and ▁Roll ▁Music ' ▁by ▁The ▁Beat les . ▁ ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁talked ▁about
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▁the ▁' Br ain ▁Dam age ' ▁caused ▁by ▁Rod ▁Stewart . ▁' Op portun ity ▁R ocks ' ▁for ▁B ett ina ▁Jon ic ▁who ▁was ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁Bob ▁Dylan ' s ▁' Like ▁a ▁Roll ing ▁Stone '. ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁interviewed ▁Roger ▁Dean ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁about ▁his ▁inspiration ▁for ▁creating ▁album ▁cover ▁designs . ▁In ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁performance ▁of ▁' On ▁a ▁Car ousel ' ▁by ▁The ▁Holl ies ▁( t aken ▁from ▁' The ▁World ▁Tom orrow : ▁Sound ▁or ▁Music ?' ). ▁Back ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁' Fr ank ie ▁Miller ’ s ▁Full ▁House ' ▁closed ▁the ▁show ▁performing ▁the ▁' D ood le ▁Song '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 7 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁The ▁No el ▁Red ding ▁Band ▁were ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' Back ▁on ▁the ▁Road ▁Again '. ▁The ▁design ▁feature ▁was ▁on ▁den im ▁art ▁and ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁got ▁' Br ain ▁Dam age ' ▁from ▁the ▁talent ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ▁light ▁entertainment ▁department , ▁C illa ▁Black ▁and ▁L ulu . ▁Rog ue ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁' Op portun ity ▁R ocks '. ▁In ▁the ▁studio , ▁The ▁London ▁Sax oph one ▁Qu art et ▁performed ▁the ▁' Ag inc ourt ▁Song '.
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▁Marian ne ▁Faith full ▁sang ▁' Yes terday ' ▁in ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁( t aken ▁from ▁The ▁Music ▁of ▁L enn on ▁and ▁McC art ney ). ▁The ▁programme ' s ▁favourite ▁French ▁lect urer ▁was ▁caught ▁outside ▁D ing w alls , ▁and ▁Eddie ▁and ▁the ▁Hot ▁Rod s ▁closed ▁the ▁show ▁with ▁a ▁live ▁studio ▁performance ▁of ▁' W ool ly ▁Bul ly ' ▁ ▁Show ▁ 4 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Mr ▁P ugh ’ s ▁Vel vet ▁G love ▁Show ▁with ▁Ted ▁Mil ton ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁studio . ▁Also ▁featured ▁were ▁M ott ▁the ▁Ho ople , ▁who ▁performed ▁' Sh outing ▁and ▁Point ing '. ▁Lou ▁Reed ' s ▁' C oney ▁Island ▁Baby ' ▁album ▁was ▁' P ressed ▁to ▁Kill ', ▁and ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁interviewed ▁the ▁wrong ▁Mark ▁Phillips . ▁Ste phan ▁Mic us ▁was ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁music ▁he ▁had ▁composed ▁himself ▁on ▁the ▁Afghan ▁rub abs . ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁went ▁to ▁CBS ▁Records ▁in ▁London ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁design ▁department , ▁and ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁featured ▁Peter ▁S ellers ▁performing ▁' A ▁Hard ▁Day ' s ▁Night ' ▁( t aken ▁from ▁The ▁Music ▁of ▁L enn on ▁and ▁McC art ney ). ▁In ▁' Br ain ▁Dam age ', ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁discussed
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▁Sarah ▁Miles ▁and ▁K ris ▁Krist off erson , ▁and ▁' The ▁S ail or ▁Who ▁F ell ▁from ▁Grace ▁with ▁the ▁Sea '. ▁Cl osing ▁the ▁show , ▁Graham ▁Parker ▁and ▁The ▁Rum our ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁to ▁perform ▁' S oul ▁Sh oes '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 5 ▁Broad cast ▁ 3 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁went ▁on ▁location ▁to ▁ask ▁P atti ▁Smith ▁why ▁she ▁re - m akes ▁old ▁class ics . ▁Sn ook y ▁P ry or ▁performed ▁' What ▁Have ▁I ▁Got ▁to ▁Do ' ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁backed ▁by ▁the ▁Victor ▁Bro x ▁Blues ▁Train . ▁' P ressed ▁to ▁Kill ' ▁looked ▁at ▁' Sh ak ti ' ▁by ▁John ▁Mc L augh lin . ▁In ▁' Br ain ▁Dam age ', ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁discussed ▁Page ▁ 3 ▁girls , ▁and ▁singer / s ong writer ▁Ross ▁Mac f arl ane ▁( w inner ▁of ▁that ▁year ' s ▁Mel ody ▁M aker ▁Rock / F olk ▁Compet ition ) ▁was ▁the ▁star ▁of ▁' Op portun ity ▁R ocks '. ▁ ▁Mac f arl ane ▁performed ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁singing ▁the ▁self - p enn ed ▁song , ▁' Ref lections '. ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁featured ▁The ▁Do ors ▁( t aken ▁from ▁' The ▁Do ors ▁Are ▁Open
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'). ▁Steve ▁Haw es , ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ''' ▁favourite ▁French ▁lect urer ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁studio . ▁The ▁John ▁Miles ▁Band ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁to ▁perform ▁' H ouse ▁on ▁the ▁Hill ', ▁and ▁P atti ▁Smith ▁explained ▁exactly ▁why ▁she ▁plays ▁rock ▁music . ▁▁ ▁Show ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Broad cast ▁ 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Introduction ▁by ▁Adam ▁West ▁( B at man ). ▁Be - B op ▁Del ux e ▁were ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' S ister ▁Se ag ull '. ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁discussed ▁protest ▁songs ▁and ▁played ▁V í ctor ▁J ara ' s ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁protest ▁song ▁about ▁the ▁Chile an ▁diss ent ers ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁a ▁football ▁ground ▁in ▁Santiago . ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁featured ▁The ▁Anim als ▁performing ▁' Tw ist ▁and ▁Sh out ' ▁( t aken ▁from ▁studio ▁footage ▁before ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁Wh ole ▁Lot ta ▁Sh ak in ' ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ). ▁Alan ▁St iv ell ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' J en ove fa '. ▁In ▁the ▁design ▁feature , ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁H ip gn osis ▁studio ▁in ▁S oh o ▁to ▁discuss ▁how ▁they ▁create ▁album ▁covers . ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁talked ▁about ▁the ▁increasing ▁TV ▁coverage ▁of ▁' l ost ' ▁tribes ▁in ▁'
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Br ain ▁Dam age '. ▁Cl osing ▁the ▁show , ▁Soft ▁Machine ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁performing ▁' The ▁T ale ▁of ▁Tal ies in '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 7 ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Eddie ▁" G uit ar " ▁Burn s ▁was ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁" B ott le ▁Up ▁and ▁Go ". ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁appeared ▁throughout ▁the ▁show ▁as ▁Dem is ▁R ous s os . ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁looked ▁at ▁AC / DC ▁in ▁the ▁Op portun ity ▁R ocks ▁spot ▁- ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁clip ▁of ▁the ▁band ▁performing ▁" J ail break " ▁- ▁and ▁looked ▁at ▁Andy ▁Pr att ' s ▁latest ▁album , ▁Res olution . ▁A ▁Band ▁Call ed ▁O ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁singing ▁" Don ' t cha ▁W anna ", ▁and ▁Gene ▁Vincent ▁sang ▁" Be - B op - A - L ula " ▁in ▁the ▁feature ▁As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ▁( t aken ▁from ▁Wh ole ▁Lot ta ▁Sh ak in , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ). ▁Also ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁were ▁Kate ▁& ▁Anna ▁McG arr ig le , ▁who ▁performed ▁two ▁songs ▁from ▁their ▁e pon ym ous ▁album ; ▁" Com plain te ▁Pour ▁Ste - C atherine " ▁and ▁" T alk ▁To ▁Me ▁of ▁Mend oc ino ". ▁P atti ▁Smith ▁got
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▁the ▁final ▁word ▁as ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁went ▁on ▁location ▁to ▁hear ▁her ▁plans ▁for ▁a ▁rock ▁opera . ▁ ▁Show ▁ 8 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁and ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁presented ▁the ▁show : ▁live ▁studio ▁performances ▁by ▁Mat umb i ▁performing ▁' A ▁Woman ▁Like ▁You ' ▁and ▁Alberto ▁y ▁Lost ▁Tri os ▁Par ano ias ▁performing ▁" Old ▁Trust " ▁were ▁featured . ▁A ▁clip ▁of ▁Simon ▁& ▁Gar fun kel ▁was ▁shown ▁and ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁went ▁behind ▁the ▁scenes ▁of ▁K I SS ' s ▁first ▁British ▁concert ▁( at ▁the ▁Free ▁Trade ▁Hall ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 6 ). ▁A ▁bot ched ▁interview ▁with ▁Zero , ▁the ▁Special ▁Effect s ▁Co - ord inator ▁for ▁Kiss , ▁was ▁shown , ▁as ▁was ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁band ▁themselves ▁( inter cut ▁with ▁concert ▁footage ). ▁ ▁Show ▁ 9 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁featuring ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Walker ▁Produ cer : ▁Chris ▁Py e ▁ ▁Feature d ▁live ▁studio ▁performances ▁by ▁Gent le men ▁singing ▁' My ▁E go ' s ▁K illing ▁Me ' ▁and ▁the ▁Bow les ▁Brothers ▁Band ▁performing ▁' Ch arl ie ' s ▁N uts '. ▁Peter ▁Cook ▁introduced ▁the ▁'
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