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R iff ▁of ▁the ▁Month ' ▁competition . ▁ ▁Albums ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁included ▁the ▁Ram ones ' ▁debut ▁album ▁and ▁South side ▁Johnny . ▁In ▁' Br ain ▁Dam age ', ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁attacked ▁the ▁music ▁reviews ▁of ▁Charles ▁Sha ar ▁Murray . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁nost alg ic ▁look ▁back ▁at ▁Jerry ▁Lee ▁Lewis ▁( t aken ▁from ▁' Wh ole ▁Lot ta ▁Sh ak in ' ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁in ▁the ▁' As ▁Time ▁Go es ▁By ' ▁section . ▁Back ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁interviewed ▁Peter ▁Cook ▁( poss essed ▁by ▁his ▁alter - ego ▁' Cl ive '). ▁The ▁last ▁studio ▁band , ▁the ▁Sex ▁P ist ols , ▁performed ▁' An archy ▁in ▁the ▁U . K .' . ▁The ▁show ▁closed ▁with ▁location ▁footage ▁of ▁the ▁Dr . ▁Hook ▁band ▁getting ▁into ▁a ▁taxi . ▁ ▁Three ▁months ▁after ▁this ▁episode ▁was ▁broadcast , ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁wrote ▁about ▁his ▁appearance ▁on ▁it ▁in ▁The ▁Ob server , ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁expressed ▁dis appro val ▁of ▁the ▁Sex ▁P ist ols , ▁referring ▁to ▁Johnny ▁Rot ten ▁as ▁" a ▁foul - m out hed ▁ball ▁of ▁ac ne ▁calling ▁himself ▁something ▁like ▁Ken ny ▁F right ful ". ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁Show ▁ 1 ▁Broad cast ▁ 9 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁A ▁recorded ▁performance ▁of ▁Van ▁Mor
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r ison ▁singing ▁' V en ice ▁USA '. ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁archive ▁clip ▁of ▁The ▁Rub ino os ▁singing ▁Tommy ▁James ▁& ▁the ▁Sh ond ells ' ▁classic ▁I ▁Think ▁We ' re ▁Al one ▁Now ▁( source ▁unknown ). ▁John ▁Cooper ▁Clar ke ▁is ▁interviewed ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁by ▁Tony , ▁featuring ▁cl ips ▁of ▁John ▁reading ▁poetry ▁in ▁clubs ▁around ▁Manchester . ▁There ▁is ▁archive ▁clip ▁of ▁a ▁Paul ▁McC art ney ▁interview ▁( source ▁unknown ), ▁following ▁by ▁a ▁recorded ▁performance ▁of ▁B uzz c ocks ▁singing ▁' What ▁Do ▁I ▁Get ?' ▁at ▁The ▁Electric ▁Circ us , ▁Manchester . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁short ▁te aser ▁clip ▁of ▁Sad ▁C af é ▁performing ▁' Love ▁will ▁survive ' ▁at ▁R after s ▁and ▁we ' re ▁back ▁to ▁Ma unk berry ' s ▁to ▁hear ▁Van ▁Mor r ison ▁performing ▁' K ansas ▁City '. ▁During ▁the ▁end ▁credits , ▁El vis ▁Cost ello ▁performs ▁' M yst ery ▁Dance ' ▁at ▁Eric ' s , ▁Liverpool . ▁ ▁Show ▁ 2 ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Japanese ▁Voice - Over : ▁Mis ako ▁K oba ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁We ▁see ▁cl ips ▁of ▁El vis ▁Cost ello ▁performing ▁' Al ison ' ▁( short ▁ex cer pt ▁from ▁the ▁Gran ada ▁Re ports ▁" What ' s ▁On " ▁appearance ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7
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7 ) ▁and ▁at ▁Eric ' s ▁singing ▁' ( I ▁Don ' t ▁Want ▁To ▁Go ▁To ) ▁Chelsea '. ▁Ron ▁H aff k ine ▁from ▁Dr ▁Hook ▁gives ▁his ▁opinion ▁on ▁' How ▁to ▁C ope ▁with ▁Super st ars '. ▁Appe aring ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio , ▁John ▁Ot way ▁and ▁Wild ▁Wil ly ▁Bar rett ▁perform ▁' B ew are ▁of ▁The ▁Flow ers '. ▁Re comm ended ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁a ▁band ▁from ▁Japan , ▁so ▁we ▁see ▁a ▁clip ▁of ▁The ▁Girls ▁singing ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁' H on ky ▁Ton k ▁Woman '. ▁We ' re ▁back ▁to ▁Eric ' s ▁to ▁see ▁El vis ▁Cost ello ▁perform ▁" Watch ing ▁the ▁Detect ives " ▁and ▁then ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁Electric ▁Circ us ▁to ▁see ▁Pen etr ation ▁perform ▁' Don ' t ▁D ict ate ': ▁then ▁back ▁to ▁Eric ' s ▁again ▁for ▁one ▁last ▁song , ▁' L ip ▁Service ', ▁sung ▁by ▁ ▁El vis ▁Cost ello . ▁ ▁Show ▁ 3 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁Alberto ▁y ▁Lost ▁Tri os ▁Par ano ias ▁singing ▁' Te en age ▁Parad ise ' ▁at ▁R after s , ▁Manchester . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁short ▁interview ▁on ▁VT ▁with ▁Ian ▁D ury ▁followed ▁by ▁' S ex ▁& ▁Dru gs ▁& ▁Rock ▁& ▁Roll ' ▁( n ature ▁VT
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▁to ▁accompany ▁the ▁song ▁featuring ▁cam els ). ▁There ' s ▁comedy ▁from ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁' road ies ' ▁– - ▁Arthur ▁Kelly ▁and ▁G orden ▁Kay e , ▁followed ▁by ▁cl ips ▁from ▁an ▁Alberto ▁y ▁Lost ▁Tri os ▁Par ano ias ' ▁rock ▁opera ▁as ▁they ▁perform ▁' Sn uff in ' ▁in ▁a ▁Bab ylon ' ▁and ▁G ob bin ' ▁on ▁Life . ▁We ▁go ▁to ▁Liverpool ' s ▁Eric ' s ▁club ▁to ▁see ▁Nick ▁L owe ▁performing ▁' End less ▁Sleep ' ▁and ▁' Sh ake ▁and ▁Pop '. ▁The ▁show ▁ends ▁back ▁at ▁R after s ▁with ▁Alberto ▁y ▁Lost ▁Tri os ▁Par ano ias ▁performing ▁' De ath ▁of ▁Rock ▁and ▁Roll '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 4 ▁Broad cast ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁Cher ry ▁Van illa ▁adv ises ▁us ▁on ▁' How ▁to ▁Give ▁a ▁Good ▁Head ▁of ▁Hair ▁to ▁Your ▁Boy friend '. ▁Roy ▁Hill ▁performs ▁' Ge orge ' s ▁Bar ' ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio . ▁Tony ▁goes ▁out ▁on ▁location ▁to ▁interview ▁I g gy ▁Pop , ▁and ▁we ▁get ▁to ▁see ▁a ▁performance ▁of ▁' The ▁Pass enger ' ▁at ▁the ▁A pol lo ▁Theatre , ▁Manchester . ▁We ▁see ▁The ▁Mov ies ▁performing ▁in ▁Liverpool ▁singing ▁' Big ▁Boys ▁Band '. ▁The ▁recommended ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁from ▁Talk ing ▁He ads ▁and ▁we ▁hear
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▁a ▁short ▁ex cer pt ▁of ▁' P sy cho ▁K iller ' ▁( vis ual ▁is ▁a ▁nature ▁VT ▁of ▁trib al ▁men ). ▁As ▁the ▁programme ▁ends ▁I g gy ▁Pop ▁s ings ▁' L ust ▁for ▁Life ' ▁at ▁the ▁A pol lo ▁Theatre , ▁Manchester ▁( end ▁credits ▁roll ▁over ▁performance ). ▁ ▁Show ▁ 5 ▁Broad cast ▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Film ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Carr ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore So ▁It ▁Go es ▁goes ▁out ▁on ▁location ▁to ▁watch ▁The ▁Str ang lers ▁perform ▁' Something ▁Better ▁Change ' ▁at ▁the ▁Hope ▁' n ' ▁An chor , ▁London ; ▁this ▁is ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁guide ▁to ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁promotion ▁and ▁pop . ▁Tony ▁interviews ▁Johnny ▁Th und ers ▁and ▁The ▁Heart break ers ▁and ▁a ▁clip ▁of ▁a ▁recent ▁concert ▁by ▁the ▁Tom ▁Robinson ▁Band , ▁performing ▁' Mart in ' ▁is ▁shown . ▁There ▁is ▁an ▁archive ▁clip ▁of ▁Free ▁performing ▁' Al right ▁Now ' ▁in ▁t ribute ▁to ▁guitar ist ▁Paul ▁Kos so ff ▁who ▁had ▁recently ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁drugs ▁over d ose . ▁The ▁recommended ▁single ▁is ▁Greg ▁K ih n ' s ▁version ▁of ▁Bruce ▁Spring ste en ' s ▁song ▁' For ▁You ', ▁then ▁back ▁on ▁location , ▁the ▁Tom ▁Robinson ▁Band ▁performs ▁" Gl ad ▁to ▁Be ▁Gay ". ▁ ▁Show ▁ 6 ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 3 ▁November ▁ 1
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9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison ▁Film ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Carr ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁Fe at uring ▁in ▁the ▁Studio : ▁Pete ▁Bat ley ▁ ▁John ▁D owie ▁is ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁to ▁perform ▁' M ew ▁W ave '. ▁Sad ▁C af é ▁are ▁fil med ▁performing ▁' Love ▁Will ▁Sur v ive ' ▁at ▁R after s , ▁and ▁then ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁John ▁D owie ▁s ings ▁' B rit ish ▁Tour ist '. ▁M ink ▁De V ille ▁are ▁at ▁M idd leton ▁C iv ic ▁Hall , ▁performing ▁' L ittle ▁Girl ' ▁and ▁' V en us ▁of ▁Avenue ▁D '. ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁gives ▁a ▁Play - ▁in - a - day ▁Guide ▁to ▁how ▁to ▁interview ▁a ▁famous ▁rock ▁star , ▁using ▁William ▁Re es - M ogg ’ s ▁interview ▁of ▁M ick ▁J agger ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁how ▁not ▁to ▁do ▁it . ▁Re comm ended ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁M X - 8 0 ▁Sound ' s ▁' Hard ▁Att ack ', ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁short ▁clip ▁of ▁" F acts - F acts ". ▁M ink ▁De V ille ▁play ▁out ▁the ▁show ▁with ▁' Just ▁You ▁and ▁Me ' ▁( cred its ▁start ▁rolling ▁before ▁the ▁track ▁fin ishes ). ▁ ▁Show ▁ 7 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 0 ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Eric ▁Harrison
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▁Film ▁Direct ors : ▁Peter ▁Carr ▁& ▁Colin ▁Rich ards ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁El vis ▁Cost ello ▁performs ▁' No ▁D ancing ' ▁at ▁Eric ' s ▁in ▁Liverpool . ▁Poly ▁St y re ne ▁from ▁X - Ray ▁Spe x ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁for ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Tony . ▁From ▁a ▁recent ▁concert ▁at ▁the ▁Electric ▁Circ us , ▁Manchester , ▁The ▁Jam ▁perform ▁' In ▁the ▁City ', ▁and ▁' All ▁Around ▁The ▁World '. ▁M ud dy ▁Wat ers ▁performs ▁' Bl ues ▁Had ▁a ▁Baby ' ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁Victoria ▁Theatre ▁in ▁London . ▁The ▁Play - in - a - Day ▁Guide ▁tells ▁how ▁to ▁make ▁prom os ▁for ▁TV , ▁showing ▁prom o ▁material ▁of ▁The ▁Tro gg s ▁and ▁Reg ▁Pres ley ▁singing ▁' L azy ▁Week end '. ▁Re comm ended ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁' Never ▁Mind ▁The ▁B oll ocks ' ▁by ▁the ▁Sex ▁P ist ols , ▁and ▁it ' s ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Jam ▁at ▁the ▁Electric ▁Circ us ▁for ▁' Sl ow ▁Down ', ▁and ▁' T aking ▁My ▁Love ' ▁( cred its ▁start ▁rolling ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁this ▁song ). ▁ ▁Show ▁ 8 ▁Broad cast ▁ 2 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Mal colm ▁Clar ke ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁The ▁Pir ates ▁perform ▁' I ▁Can ▁Tell ' ▁at ▁B elle ▁V ue ▁in ▁Manchester . ▁The ▁So
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▁It ▁Go es ▁guide ▁to ▁how ▁to ▁spot ▁good ▁management ▁comes ▁next , ▁followed ▁by ▁X TC ▁performing ▁' Ne on ▁Sh uffle ' ▁at ▁M idd leton ▁C iv ic ▁Hall . ▁We ▁look ▁back ▁at ▁the ▁Sex ▁P ist ols ▁performing ▁' An archy ▁in ▁the ▁UK ' ▁in ▁an ▁earlier ▁episode ▁of ▁So ▁It ▁Go es . ▁CP ▁Lee ▁and ▁Al bie ▁Don ally ▁are ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁performing ▁' Str aw berry ▁Field s ▁Fore ver ' ▁as ▁only ▁they ▁know ▁how . ▁Si ou xs ie ▁and ▁the ▁B ans he es ▁perform ▁' Make ▁up ▁to ▁break ▁up ' ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Ball room , ▁B elle ▁V ue , ▁while ▁a ▁young ▁M ick ▁H uck n all ▁watches ▁from ▁the ▁audience . ▁The ▁recommended ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁from ▁The ▁Fall ▁and ▁we ▁hear ▁Animal ▁Games ▁by ▁London ▁( play ed ▁over ▁a ▁nature ▁VT ▁of ▁z oo ▁animals ). ▁X TC ▁end ▁the ▁show ▁singing ▁' All ▁Along ▁the ▁Watch t ower ' ▁( cred its ▁start ▁to ▁roll ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁song ). ▁ ▁Show ▁ 9 ▁Broad cast ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson , ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁Matthew ▁Cor b ett ▁and ▁his ▁side k icks ▁So ot y ▁and ▁S we ep ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Mal colm ▁Clar ke ▁Film ▁Director : ▁Peter ▁Carr ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁Dave ▁Ed mund s ▁is ▁at ▁Eric '
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s ▁in ▁Liverpool ▁and ▁performs ▁' I ▁K new ▁the ▁Br ide '. ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁departure ▁of ▁Howard ▁Dev oto , ▁Tony ▁shows ▁a ▁brief ▁clip ▁of ▁B uzz c ocks ▁performing ▁' Or g asm ▁Add ict ' ▁( How ard ▁left ▁to ▁form ▁Magazine , ▁who ▁are ▁shown ▁performing ▁' M ot or c ade ' ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Ball room , ▁B elle ▁V ue , ▁Manchester ). ▁Tony ▁looks ▁at ▁' I ▁Left ▁a ▁Woman ▁Wait ing ' ▁from ▁the ▁Cohen ▁and ▁Spect or ▁album ▁' De ath ▁of ▁a ▁Lad ies ' ▁Man '. ▁Dave ▁Ed mund s ▁performs ▁" I ▁H ear ▁You ▁Kn ock ing " ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁clip ▁of ▁John ▁Cooper ▁Clar ke ▁performing ▁' K ung - F u ▁International ' ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Ball room , ▁B elle ▁V ue , ▁Manchester . ▁Cl osing ▁the ▁show , ▁Magazine ▁perform ▁' Sh ot ▁by ▁Both ▁S ides '. ▁ ▁Show ▁ 1 0 ▁Broad cast ▁ 1 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Present ed ▁by ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁Studio ▁Director : ▁Nicholas ▁F erg us on ▁Produ cer : ▁Geoff ▁Moore ▁ ▁We ▁see ▁a ▁clip ▁of ▁the ▁now ▁inf amous ▁' J on ▁the ▁Post man ' ▁performing ▁at ▁the ▁Electric ▁Circ us , ▁Manchester . ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁is ▁Jonathan ▁Rich man ▁Live , ▁and ▁we ▁listen ▁to ▁a ▁little ▁of ▁' I ' m ▁a ▁Little ▁D inos aur ' ▁( audio ▁only
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▁over ▁stock ▁footage ). ▁The ▁founder ▁of ▁Bes erk ley ▁Records ▁Matthew ▁K auf man ▁gives ▁his ▁' Play - in - a - day ' ▁guide ▁to ▁' What ▁is ▁Bes erk ley ?' ▁Ian ▁D ury ▁is ▁live ▁in ▁studio ▁for ▁a ▁rec ital ▁in ▁t ribute ▁to ▁Charlie ▁M ing us . ▁Steel ▁P ulse ▁perform ▁' M ak ka ▁S pl iff ▁( The ▁Col ly ▁Man )' ▁and ▁' K u ▁Kl ux ▁Kl an ' ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Ball room , ▁B elle ▁V ue , ▁Manchester ▁and ▁The ▁Cl ash ▁perform ▁' Cap ital ▁Radio ' ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁venue . ▁After ▁a ▁few ▁quick ▁questions , ▁Ian ▁D ury ▁rec ites ▁the ▁' Bus ▁Driver ' s ▁Pray er ' ▁and ▁The ▁Cl ash ▁play ▁out , ▁performing ▁‘ J anie ▁Jones ’ ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁Ball room ▁once ▁more ▁( end ▁credits ▁roll ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁performance ). ▁▁ 2 4 ▁H our ▁Party ▁People ▁In ▁the ▁movie ▁ 2 4 ▁H our ▁Party ▁People , ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁So ▁It ▁Go es '' ▁was ▁rec reated , ▁with ▁Steve ▁Co ogan ▁playing ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁Tony ▁Wilson . ▁Some ▁Wilson ▁references ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁are ▁not ▁histor ically ▁accurate ▁however : ▁for ▁example , ▁Co ogan ▁as ▁Wilson ▁introdu ces ▁The ▁Sex ▁P ist ols ▁singing ▁" An archy ▁in ▁the ▁UK " ▁by ▁saying ▁it ▁is ▁" two ▁minutes ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁music ▁since ▁El vis ▁walked
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▁into ▁The ▁Sun ▁Studios ". ▁ ▁Wilson ' s ▁actual ▁introduction ▁to ▁them ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁reviewed ▁and ▁most ▁rev iled ▁rock ▁phenomenon ▁[ s ic ] ▁of ▁recent ▁weeks ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Cer ys matic ▁Factory ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁article ▁and ▁interview ▁extract ▁with ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁ ▁So ▁It ▁Go es : T ony ▁Wilson ' s ▁TV ▁Leg acy ▁- ▁The ▁Guard ian ▁( ment ions ▁this ▁Wikipedia ▁entry ) ▁ ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁Co - present er ▁Cl ive ▁James ▁on ▁handling ▁The ▁Sex ▁P ist ols ▁▁ ▁Sex ▁P ist ols ▁producer ▁Dave ▁Good man ' s ▁detailed ▁rem in isc ence ▁of ▁So ▁It ▁Go es ▁recording ▁ ▁Inv itation ▁to ▁a ▁recording ▁of ▁an ▁episode ▁ ▁Category : IT V ▁television ▁program mes ▁Category : B rit ish ▁music ▁television ▁program mes ▁Category : 1 9 7 6 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : P unk ▁television ▁series ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Factory ▁Records ▁Category : Tele vision ▁series ▁by ▁IT V ▁Studios ▁Category : Tele vision ▁program mes ▁produced ▁by ▁Gran ada ▁Television <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Northern ▁C ement ▁basketball ▁team ▁( pop ular ly ▁known ▁as , ▁the ▁N CC ▁basketball ▁team ) ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁that ▁represented ▁the ▁national ▁basketball ▁program ▁and ▁training ▁pool ▁for ▁the ▁Philippines ▁men '
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s ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁owned ▁by ▁business man ▁Edu ardo ▁" D and ing " ▁Co ju ang co , ▁Jr . ▁through ▁his ▁company , ▁Northern ▁C ement ▁Corporation ▁( N CC ). ▁ ▁Begin nings ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁business man ▁and ▁amb assador ▁Edu ardo ▁" D and ing " ▁Co ju ang co , ▁founder ▁and ▁owner ▁of ▁Northern ▁C ement ▁Corporation , ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁President ▁Ferd inand ▁E . ▁Mar cos ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁project ▁director ▁for ▁basketball ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁Co ju ang co ▁( des pite ▁not ▁being ▁an ▁officer ▁or ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁basketball ▁governing ▁body ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁- ▁the ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ) ▁was ▁task ed ▁to ▁set ▁up , ▁finance , ▁and ▁develop ▁the ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁country ▁internation ally . ▁During ▁that ▁time , ▁the ▁best ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁were ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁( P BA ), ▁the ▁first ▁professional ▁basketball ▁league ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines , ▁and ▁in ▁Asia . ▁With ▁the ▁F éd ération ▁Intern ationale ▁de ▁Basket ball ▁Am ateur ▁ruling ▁that ▁only ▁amateur ▁basketball ▁players ▁would ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁participate ▁in ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁tour naments , ▁Co ju ang co ▁sought ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁basketball ▁competitive ▁on ▁the ▁international ▁stage , ▁without ▁the ▁country '
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s ▁best ▁players . ▁ ▁American ▁colleg iate ▁coaches ▁Ron ▁Jac obs ▁and ▁Ben ▁Lind sey ▁were ▁brought ▁in ▁to ▁handle ▁the ▁team . ▁Eventually , ▁Jac obs ▁became ▁N CC ' s ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁N CC ▁team ▁( 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 2 ) ▁ ▁Se eking ▁to ▁fast - track ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁program , ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁( known ▁as ▁the ▁R P ▁Training ▁Team ) ▁was ▁mainly ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁eight ▁American ▁players ▁who ▁became ▁natural ized ▁Filip inos ▁( a ▁practice ▁also ▁common ▁to ▁European ▁national ▁teams ▁at ▁that ▁time ) ▁which ▁included ▁Dennis ▁Still ▁and ▁Jeff ▁Moore . ▁Two ▁Filip ino - Amer icans , ▁Will ie ▁Pear son , ▁and ▁National ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁Filip ino - American ▁d raf tee ▁Ric ardo ▁Brown ▁were ▁included , ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁local ▁players ▁in ▁J B ▁Y ango ▁and ▁Frank ie ▁Lim , ▁both ▁from ▁San ▁Bed a ▁College . ▁This ▁was ▁done ▁with ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁passing ▁on ▁new ▁basketball ▁technology ▁to ▁the ▁Filip ino ▁c agers . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁( play ing ▁as ▁Northern ▁C ement ) ▁easily ▁won ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁William ▁Jones ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁but ▁failed ▁to ▁gain ▁support ▁among ▁Filip ino ▁fans , ▁as ▁they ▁viewed ▁the ▁program ▁as ▁merely ▁having ▁foreign ers ▁represent ▁the ▁country . ▁This ▁team ▁was ▁eventually ▁scr apped , ▁and ▁Jac obs ▁was
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▁then ▁asked ▁to ▁develop ▁local ▁talents ▁instead . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁at ▁the ▁Sout heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁held ▁in ▁Man ila , ▁Jac obs ▁was ▁task ed ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁country ' s ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁men ' s ▁basketball . ▁Not ing ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁competition , ▁Jac obs ▁decided ▁to ▁appoint ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁University ▁head ▁coach ▁P ilo ▁P um aren ▁as ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁team , ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁Man ila ▁Industrial ▁and ▁Commercial ▁Athlet ic ▁Association . ▁The ▁team ▁successfully ▁retained ▁the ▁gold ▁medal . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁Jac obs ▁ment ored ▁the ▁Philippines ' ▁under - 1 9 ▁basketball ▁team ▁to ▁the ▁Asian ▁Basket ball ▁Confeder ation ▁Jun iors ▁Championship ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁official ▁tournament ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Philippines ' ▁teams . ▁The ▁team ▁included ▁players ▁such ▁as ▁Alf ie ▁Al mar io , ▁El mer ▁Re yes , ▁Ton ichi ▁Y tt uri , ▁Franz ▁P um aren , ▁Ted dy ▁Alf ar ero , ▁Re y ▁Cu enc o , ▁Leo ▁Austria , ▁J ong ▁U ich ico , ▁H ector ▁Cal ma , ▁and ▁Lou ie ▁Br ill . ▁The ▁team ▁beat ▁China ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁at ▁the ▁Ar an eta ▁Col ise um ▁in ▁Man ila . ▁However , ▁even ▁as ▁Jac obs ▁went ▁about ▁developing ▁local ▁talents , ▁the ▁players ▁were ▁still ▁deemed ▁" raw ". ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁N CC ▁team ▁( 1
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9 8 3 ▁ABC ▁championship s ) ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁some ▁recru its ▁from ▁the ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁squad ▁that ▁was ▁also ▁under ▁the ▁wings ▁of ▁D and ing ▁Co ju ang co ▁and ▁five ▁natural ized ▁players ▁began ▁training ▁for ▁their ▁ultimate ▁goal ▁of ▁reg aining ▁the ▁Asian ▁Basket ball ▁Confeder ation ▁( AB C ) ▁title ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁form id able ▁team ▁composed ▁of ▁H ector ▁Cal ma , ▁Franz ▁P um aren , ▁Ton ichi ▁Y t ur ri , ▁Alf ie ▁Al mar io , ▁Jun ▁Tan , ▁Joseph ▁U ich ico , ▁Ted dy ▁Alf ar ero ▁and ▁natural ized ▁players ▁Dennis ▁Still , ▁Jeff ▁Moore , ▁Ch ip ▁Eng ell and , ▁Johnny ▁Nash ▁and ▁John ▁H eg wood . ▁▁ ▁Upon ▁arrival , ▁they ▁learned ▁that ▁their ▁natural ized ▁Filip inos ▁were ▁not ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁ABC ▁and ▁were ▁therefore ▁dis allowed ▁from ▁playing . ▁It ▁was ▁resolved ▁by ▁allowing ▁only ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁to ▁play ▁and ▁this ▁only ▁because ▁they ▁had ▁field ▁in ▁the ▁minimum ▁resid ency ▁required ▁by ▁the ▁stat utes ▁of ▁law ▁for ▁natural izing ▁foreign ers . ▁Using ▁only ▁Dennis ▁Still ▁and ▁Jeff ▁Moore , ▁coach ▁Ron ▁Jac obs ▁pil oted ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁a ▁sweep ▁of ▁its ▁qual ifying ▁matches ▁and ▁were ▁all ▁set ▁for ▁a ▁show down ▁with ▁China ▁when ▁the ▁decision ▁come ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁R P ▁squad ▁had ▁used ▁illegal ▁players ▁and ▁therefore ▁- ▁all ▁their
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▁games ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁natural ized ▁players ▁were ▁field ed ▁in ▁were ▁for fe ited . ▁ ▁The ▁Philipp ine ▁conting ent ▁accepted ▁the ▁decision ▁with ▁bow ed ▁heads ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁tournament ▁in ▁nin th ▁place ▁despite ▁a ▁clean ▁sl ate . ▁ ▁P BA ▁( 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 8 5 ) ▁N CC ▁competed ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁team ▁for ▁four ▁con ferences ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁P BA ▁seasons ▁and ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁P BA ▁Rein forced ▁Conference ▁championship . ▁The ▁team ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁Philippines ▁and ▁captured ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Asian ▁Inter club ▁Championship ▁in ▁I p oh , ▁Malaysia , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁William ▁Jones ▁Cup ▁championship ▁( play ing ▁as ▁San ▁Miguel ▁Be er ). ▁Because ▁of ▁their ▁win ▁at ▁the ▁Asian ▁Inter club ▁Championship , ▁the ▁team ▁represented ▁the ▁Asian ▁region ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁World ▁Cup ▁for ▁Champion ▁Club s ▁at ▁G iron a , ▁Spain ▁( play ing ▁as ▁Northern ▁Cons olid ated ▁C ement ). ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ro ster ▁that ▁first ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁P BA : ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁U A AP ▁stars ▁All an ▁C aid ic , ▁P ido ▁J aren cio , ▁Ben ji ▁G ut ier rez , ▁Jerry ▁C odi ñ era , ▁and ▁Leo
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▁Austria ▁joined ▁the ▁N CC ▁team ▁playing ▁exhibition ▁games ▁against ▁P BA ▁clubs ▁during ▁the ▁third ▁conference . ▁Nor ther ns ▁second ▁team ▁was ▁co ached ▁by ▁veteran ▁coach ▁Francisco ▁Cal il an . ▁The ▁first ▁team ▁that ▁went ▁to ▁Malaysia ▁for ▁the ▁Asian ▁Inter club ▁championship ▁were ▁composed ▁of ▁Moore , ▁Eng ell and , ▁Cal ma , ▁Joseph ▁U ich ico , ▁Franz ▁P um aren , ▁Leon cio ▁Tan , ▁El mer ▁Re yes , ▁Ton ichi ▁Y t ur ri , ▁A vel ino ▁" S amb oy " ▁Lim ▁and ▁Y ves ▁D ign ad ice . ▁ ▁C aid ic , ▁J aren cio ▁and ▁C odi ñ era ▁became ▁regular ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁while ▁Leo ▁Austria ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁first - ever ▁P BA ▁draft . ▁▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁FI BA ▁Asia ▁Championship ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁N CC ▁team ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁country ' s ▁national ▁basketball ▁team . ▁The ▁N CC - powered ▁national ▁team ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Sout heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁basketball ▁tournament ▁and ▁the ▁Asian ▁Basket ball ▁Confeder ation ▁Championship ▁on ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁at ▁K ual a ▁L ump ur , ▁Malaysia , ▁tournament ▁which ▁the ▁country ▁had ▁not ▁won ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁In ▁winning ▁the ▁ABC ▁Championship , ▁the ▁team ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁World
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▁Basket ball ▁Championship ▁in ▁Madrid , ▁Spain ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Good will ▁Games . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁Jac obs ▁mapped ▁out ▁a ▁new ▁plan ▁to ▁ensure ▁continu ity ▁in ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁program . ▁New ▁local ▁players ▁such ▁as ▁Benj ie ▁Par as , ▁Al vin ▁Pat rim onio , ▁Jerry ▁C odi ñ era ▁were ▁already ▁being ▁ey ed ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁aging ▁Still ▁and ▁Moore . ▁Eng ell and , ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁was ▁already ▁hon ing ▁the ▁shooting ▁skills ▁of ▁All an ▁C aid ic , ▁N aning ▁Val enc iano ▁and ▁P ido ▁J aren cio . ▁Am ateur ▁star ▁Jo jo ▁Last im osa ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁fill ▁Eng ell and ' s ▁slot ▁on ▁the ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁( Eng ell and ▁eventually ▁became ▁the ▁shooting ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁San ▁Antonio ▁Sp urs ). ▁However , ▁the ▁N CC ▁program ▁was ▁scr apped ▁in ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁People ▁Power ▁Revolution ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁The ▁Philippines ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁the ▁World ▁Championship ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁ ▁Dis band ment ▁After ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Mar cos ▁government ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁the ▁program ▁was ▁scr apped ▁by ▁the ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁( B AP ), ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁national ▁basketball ▁governing ▁body ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁The ▁players ▁of ▁N CC ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Basket
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ball ▁Association , ▁with ▁most ▁of ▁them ▁ending ▁up ▁in ▁Co ju ang co ' s ▁San ▁Miguel ▁Be er ▁team . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁N CC ▁players ▁would ▁again ▁see ▁action ▁for ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁in ▁Beijing , ▁China , ▁which ▁cop ped ▁a ▁silver ▁medal . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁the ▁San ▁Miguel ▁Be er ▁P BA ▁team ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁P BA ▁All - Fil ip ino ▁Cup ▁championship ▁and ▁earned ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁the ▁upcoming ▁Asian ▁Games , ▁held ▁at ▁H iro sh ima , ▁Japan . ▁The ▁national ▁team ▁was ▁composed ▁of ▁the ▁San ▁Miguel ▁players ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁team ▁and ▁other ▁P BA ▁players ▁( not ably ▁Al vin ▁Pat rim onio ▁from ▁P ure food s ▁and ▁Johnny ▁A bar rient os ▁from ▁Alaska ) ▁and ▁amateur ▁stand outs ▁( not ably ▁Mar l ou ▁Aqu ino ▁from ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Basket ball ▁League ). ▁The ▁team , ▁led ▁by ▁N CC ▁al umn i ▁All an ▁C aid ic ▁and ▁H ector ▁Cal ma , ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁finished ▁fourth ▁with ▁C aid ic ▁finishing ▁as ▁the ▁Asian ▁Games ▁basketball ▁tournament ▁top ▁sc orer . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁players ▁ ▁Peter ▁A gu ilar ▁Ted dy ▁Alf ar ero ▁† ▁Alf ie ▁Al mar io ▁† ▁Joel ▁B anal ▁Lou ie ▁Br ill ▁Ric ardo ▁Brown ▁All an ▁C aid ic
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▁H ector ▁Cal ma ▁Jerry ▁C odi ñ era ▁Bruce ▁Collins ▁Ed g ardo ▁Cord ero ▁Re y ▁Cu enc o ▁† ▁Eddie ▁Joe ▁Ch ave z ▁Y ves ▁D ign ad ice ▁Arthur ▁" Ch ip " ▁Eng ell and ▁Angel ito ▁Es gu erra ▁Benj ie ▁G ut ier rez ▁P ido ▁J aren cio ▁Feder ico ▁Lau chen g co ▁Frank ie ▁Lim ▁A vel ino ▁" S amb oy " ▁Lim ▁Steve ▁L ingen fel ter ▁Anthony ▁M endo za ▁Jeff rey ▁Moore ▁William ▁Pear son ▁Franz ▁P um aren ▁El mer ▁Re yes ▁Steve ▁Sch all ▁Alf onso ▁Sol is ▁Dennis ▁Still ▁Leon cio ▁" J un " ▁Tan , ▁Jr . ▁J ong ▁U ich ico ▁Lud ov ico ▁Val enc iano ▁M anny ▁Victor ino ▁Robert ▁W orth y ▁Jose ▁Bern ardo ▁Y ango ▁Antonio ▁Y t ur ri ▁ ▁P BA ▁season - by - season ▁records ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Philippines ▁men ' s ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁ ▁San ▁Miguel ▁Be erm en ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁R P ▁training ▁team ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁C ement ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁basketball ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁Category : Def unct ▁Philipp ine ▁Basket ball ▁Association ▁teams ▁Category : B asket ball ▁teams ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Category : S ports ▁clubs ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Category : Phil ipp ines ▁men ' s
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▁national ▁basketball ▁team <0x0A> </s> ▁A fer ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁A fer , ▁an ▁individual ▁of ▁the ▁Af ri ▁tribe ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁continent ▁of ▁Africa ▁is ▁probably ▁named ▁ ▁A fer , ▁a ▁Roman ▁cogn omen ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁Africa , ▁used ▁by ▁several ▁people ▁listed ▁below ; ▁see ▁also ▁list ▁of ▁Roman ▁cogn om ina ▁ ▁A fer ▁vent us , ▁another ▁name ▁for ▁L ips , ▁the ▁Roman ▁de ity ▁of ▁the ▁south west ▁wind ; ▁see ▁An em oi ▁ ▁The ▁Af ep ▁p ige on ▁( Col umb a ▁un ic inct a ) ▁ ▁A ▁song ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁En ya ▁album ▁She pher d ▁Mo ons ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁ac ron ym ▁▁ ▁Air ▁Force ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Service ▁R ib bon ▁ ▁American ▁Foundation ▁for ▁Equ al ▁Rights ▁ ▁Association ▁Franç aise ▁d ' E p arg ne ▁et ▁de ▁Ret ra ite ▁▁ ▁Fer ovi ara ▁Rom ana , ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁Railway ▁Authority ; ▁see ▁Rail ▁transport ▁in ▁Rom ania ▁ ▁People ▁▁ ▁Anton ius ▁Gu ile l mus ▁Am o ▁A fer ▁( 1 7 0 3 – c . 1 7 5 9 ), ▁alternate ▁name ▁for ▁Anton ▁Wilhelm ▁Am o , ▁Gh ana ian - G erman ▁academic ▁ ▁Arn ob ius ▁A fer ▁( d ied ▁ 4 th ▁century ), ▁also ▁Arn ob ius ▁the ▁Eld er , ▁Roman ▁rhet or ician ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Africa ▁ ▁Dom it ius
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▁A fer ▁( d ied ▁ 6 0 ), ▁Roman ▁or ator ▁ ▁G ai us ▁Mar ius ▁Victor inus ▁A fer ▁( 4 th ▁century ), ▁also ▁G ai us ▁Mar ius ▁Victor inus , ▁Roman ▁gram mar ian ▁and ▁rhet or ician ▁ ▁Pub li us ▁A el ius ▁Had rian us ▁A fer , ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁emperor ▁Had rian ▁ ▁Pub li us ▁Ter ent ius ▁A fer ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 9 ▁BC ), ▁Roman ▁comic ▁play wright ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁Ter ence ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁names ▁of ▁organ isms ▁ ▁All ▁named ▁because ▁the ▁species ▁is ▁native ▁to ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Cin ny ris ▁a fer , ▁greater ▁double - coll ared ▁sun bird ▁ ▁E up lect es ▁a fer , ▁yellow - c rowned ▁b ishop ▁ ▁Franc ol inus ▁a fer , ▁red - ne ck ed ▁franc olin ▁ ▁N il aus ▁a fer , ▁br ub ru ▁ ▁O ry ct er op us ▁a fer , ▁a ard v ark ▁ ▁P apy ro cr an us ▁a fer ▁, ▁ret ic ulate ▁kn if ef ish ▁ ▁Par us ▁a fer , ▁southern ▁grey ▁tit , ▁also ▁classified ▁as ▁Mel an ip ar us ▁a fer ▁ ▁P til ost om us ▁a fer , ▁pi api ac ▁ ▁T urt ur ▁a fer , ▁blue - sp otted ▁wood ▁dove ▁ ▁A fer , ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁g ast rop od s ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁of
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▁true ▁whe l ks ▁( B ucc in idae ) <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁August us ▁Mack worth ▁( 3 ▁March ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 8 5 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Tr in idad - born ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁who ▁played ▁one ▁first - class ▁cricket ▁match ▁for ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁and ▁another ▁for ▁Manchester ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Tr in idad ▁where ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁high ▁sh er iff ▁and ▁died ▁at ▁St ▁K ilda , ▁Melbourne , ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Mack worth ▁mat ric ulated ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁recorded ▁if ▁he ▁took ▁a ▁degree . ▁He ▁married ▁in ▁Dun ed in , ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 8 5 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁founding ▁" res ident ▁members " ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁Melbourne ▁branch ▁of ▁Miles ▁and ▁King ton , ▁a ▁Brist ol - based ▁company ▁of ▁" General ▁Ag ents ▁and ▁Commission ▁Mer ch ants ", ▁alongside ▁Philip ▁Ol iph ant ▁King ton , ▁who ▁later ▁played ▁first - class ▁cricket ▁for ▁Victoria . ▁His ▁death ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁came ▁" after ▁an ▁illness ▁of ▁ten ▁days ". ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁cr ick eter , ▁Mack worth ▁was ▁a ▁middle - order ▁b ats man ; ▁there ▁is
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▁no ▁record ▁that ▁he ▁bow led ▁nor ▁is ▁it ▁known ▁whether ▁he ▁was ▁right - ▁or ▁left - handed . ▁He ▁achieved ▁little ▁in ▁his ▁one ▁game ▁for ▁Cambridge ▁University , ▁but ▁not ▁out ▁inn ings ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 8 ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁first - class ▁match ▁between ▁Manchester ▁and ▁She ff ield ▁– ▁a ▁for er un ner ▁of ▁Lanc ash ire ▁and ▁York shire ▁matches ▁– ▁enabled ▁Manchester ▁to ▁win ▁by ▁ 1 1 ▁runs . ▁He ▁appeared ▁for ▁Manchester ▁in ▁minor ▁matches ▁in ▁both ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁and ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 2 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 5 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : C amb ridge ▁University ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Man chester ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge <0x0A> </s> ▁José ▁Luis ▁A gu ir re ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Spanish ▁row er . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁co x less ▁four ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Span ish ▁male ▁row ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁row ers ▁of ▁Spain ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8
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▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁S ila ▁U ma ▁( Power ▁of ▁the ▁mind ) ▁is ▁fourth ▁and ▁most ▁ac claimed ▁album ▁from ▁Saint ▁Peters burg ▁band ▁Kir p ichi . ▁Its ▁music ▁is ▁mostly ▁hip ▁hop ▁with ▁blend ▁of ▁other ▁gen res ▁like ▁nu ▁metal , ▁rap core ▁and ▁lo - fi . ▁Kir p ichi ' s ▁members ▁consider ▁this ▁album ▁as ▁a ▁" non con form istic ▁Do - It - Your self ▁product ". ▁Two ▁of ▁the ▁album ' s ▁singles ▁have ▁music ▁videos : ▁" D zed ai " ▁and ▁" Sh kol n ich ki ". ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁ ▁marked ▁as ▁* ▁is ▁available ▁only ▁in ▁c ass ette ▁version ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁albums ▁Category : K ir p ichi ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Dick ▁Green ▁is ▁a ▁baseball ▁player . ▁ ▁Dick ▁Green ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Dick ▁Green ▁( rug by ▁league ) ▁Dick ▁Green , ▁business man ▁and ▁congress ional ▁candidate , ▁see ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁elections ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Dick ▁Green , ▁British ▁musician ▁in ▁B iff ▁Bang ▁Pow ! ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Richard ▁Green ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Anti pl anes ▁hab ei ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁P se ud om el atom idae . ▁
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▁Description ▁ ▁Distribution ▁This ▁marine ▁species ▁occurs ▁in ▁the ▁Ok hot sk ▁Sea ▁and ▁off ▁Hon sh u , ▁Japan ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁K ant or , ▁Yu ▁I ., ▁and ▁A . ▁V . ▁Sy so ev . ▁" M oll us ks ▁of ▁the ▁genus ▁Anti pl anes ▁( G ast rop oda : ▁Tur r idae ) ▁of ▁the ▁north western ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ." ▁The ▁N aut il us ▁ 1 0 5 . 4 ▁( 1 9 9 1 ): ▁ 1 1 9 – 1 4 6 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁hab ei ▁Category : G ast rop od s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁F os colo ▁was ▁a ▁Ven et ian ▁arist ocratic ▁house . ▁A ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁settled ▁in ▁Greece ▁following ▁the ▁Fourth ▁Cr us ade , ▁their ▁name ▁later ▁hell en ized ▁as ▁F os kol os ▁( ). ▁Not able ▁members ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Leon ardo ▁F os colo , ▁Lord ▁of ▁An afi , ▁ 1 3 th - century ▁Ven et ian ▁rul er ▁of ▁An afi ▁ ▁Leon ardo ▁F os colo , ▁ 1 7 th - century ▁Ven et ian ▁commander ▁ ▁Nik ola os ▁F os kol os ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 7 ), ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁At hens ▁ ▁Nik os ▁F os kol os ▁( 1 9 2 7 – 2 0 1 3 ), ▁Greek ▁screen writer ▁and ▁director ▁
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▁Pa olo ▁August o ▁F os colo , ▁Latin ▁Patri arch ▁of ▁Jerusalem ▁ ▁U go ▁F os colo ▁( 1 7 7 8 – 1 8 2 7 ), ▁Italian ▁writer , ▁poet ▁and ▁revolutionary ▁ ▁Category : N ob le ▁families ▁Category : It al ian - language ▁surn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁ 2 - N aph th o ic ▁acid ▁is ▁an ▁organic ▁compound ▁of ▁the ▁formula ▁C 1 0 H 7 CO 2 H . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁is omer ic ▁car box y lic ▁acid ▁deriv atives ▁of ▁n aph thal ene , ▁the ▁other ▁one ▁being ▁ 1 - n aph th o ic ▁acid . ▁▁ ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁prepared ▁by ▁car box y lation ▁of ▁ 1 - ch lor on aph thal ene . ▁ ▁Its ▁p K a ▁is ▁ 4 . 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : N aph th alen es <0x0A> </s> ▁Walter ▁III ▁( F rench : ▁G aut ier ), ▁sometimes ▁called ▁Walter ▁de ▁Br ise bar re ▁or ▁Walter ▁Gren ier ▁( b ef . ▁ 1 1 8 0 ▁– ▁ 2 4 ▁June ▁ 1 2 2 9 ), ▁was ▁the ▁Const able ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁from ▁ 1 2 0 6 ▁and ▁Lord ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Jerusalem ▁from ▁ 1 2 1 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁el dest ▁son ▁of ▁Jul iana ▁Gren ier , ▁Lady ▁of ▁Ca es
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area , ▁and ▁Guy ▁de ▁Br ise bar re . ▁Since ▁he ▁was ▁witness ing ▁royal ▁char ters ▁by ▁ 1 1 9 5 , ▁he ▁must ▁have ▁been ▁born ▁no ▁later ▁than ▁ 1 1 8 0 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 2 2 0 s ▁he ▁was ▁generally ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" the ▁old ▁lord ▁of ▁Ca es area ", ▁although ▁probably ▁only ▁in ▁his ▁f ift ies . ▁He ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁two ▁Cr us ades ▁and ▁in ▁two ▁civil ▁wars ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁I bel in . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁young ▁man , ▁Walter ▁was ▁frequently ▁in ▁attendance ▁at ▁the ▁royal ▁court . ▁He ▁witnessed ▁char ters ▁of ▁Henry ▁I ▁in ▁ 1 1 9 5 – 9 6 , ▁Am al ric ▁II ▁in ▁ 1 1 9 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁reg ent ▁John ▁of ▁I bel in ▁in ▁ 1 2 0 6 . ▁On ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁Am al ric ' s ▁he ▁is ▁term ▁" lord ▁of ▁Ca es area ", ▁although ▁his ▁mother ▁was ▁still ▁living , ▁as ▁was ▁her ▁second ▁husband , ▁A ym ar ▁de ▁L air on , ▁who ▁sub scribed ▁as ▁" lord ▁of ▁Ca es area " ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁char ter ▁of ▁John ▁of ▁I bel in ▁witnessed ▁by ▁Walter . ▁In ▁ 1 2 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 2 0 6 ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁witness ▁on ▁char ters ▁of ▁his ▁mother ▁and ▁A ym ar . ▁ ▁Loss ▁of ▁Ca es
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area ▁and ▁the ▁Fifth ▁Cr us ade ▁In ▁ 1 2 0 6 , ▁Hugh ▁I ▁of ▁Cy pr us ▁nominated ▁Walter ▁const able , ▁a ▁post ▁he ▁held ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life . ▁This ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁title ▁Walter ▁preferred ▁when ▁witness ing ▁char ters . ▁Walter ▁inherited ▁the ▁lord ship ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁on ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁mother ▁between ▁ 1 2 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 2 1 6 , ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁reference ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁lord ▁appears . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 2 1 7 ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁A cre ▁at ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁the ▁king , ▁John ▁of ▁B ri enne . ▁By ▁July ▁he ▁had ▁returned ▁to ▁N icos ia , ▁in ▁Cy pr us , ▁where ▁he ▁witnessed ▁a ▁char ter ▁of ▁Ber tr and ▁of ▁Marg at . ▁In ▁September ▁he ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁royal ▁court ▁at ▁N icos ia . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁main land ▁in ▁October , ▁when ▁he ▁attended ▁the ▁council ▁held ▁at ▁A cre ▁by ▁King ▁Andrew ▁II ▁of ▁Hung ary ▁to ▁decide ▁a ▁course ▁of ▁action ▁for ▁the ▁Fifth ▁Cr us ade . ▁As ▁const able , ▁Walter ▁led ▁ 1 0 0 ▁C yp ri ot ▁kn ights ▁at ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Dam iet ta ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 8 . ▁By ▁July ▁he ▁had ▁returned ▁to ▁N icos ia , ▁where ▁the ▁dow ager ▁queen , ▁Alice , ▁was ▁reg ent ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁infant ▁king , ▁Henry ▁I .
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▁ ▁In ▁ 1 2 1 7 – 1 8 , ▁while ▁Walter ▁was ▁in ▁Egypt , ▁a ▁Muslim ▁army ▁threatened ▁Ca es area , ▁but ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁successfully ▁re - fort ified ▁by ▁King ▁John . ▁In ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁the ▁Muslims ▁returned ▁under ▁al - Mu ' azz am ▁and ▁captured ▁the ▁city , ▁which ▁was ▁being ▁def ended ▁by ▁Wer ner ▁von ▁Eg is heim ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Gen oa . ▁In ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁Walter ▁was ▁at ▁N icos ia ▁at ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁Queen ▁Alice , ▁where ▁he ▁witnessed ▁a ▁char ter ▁of ▁hers . ▁In ▁ 1 2 2 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁Ty re ▁for ▁the ▁coron ation ▁of ▁Queen ▁Is ab ella ▁II ▁of ▁Jerusalem . ▁ ▁Break out ▁of ▁civil ▁war ▁and ▁the ▁Six th ▁Cr us ade ▁Walter ▁III ▁married ▁Margaret , ▁a ▁sister ▁of ▁the ▁ex - reg ent ▁John ▁of ▁I bel in ▁and ▁the ▁reg ent ▁of ▁Cy pr us , ▁Philip . ▁This ▁brought ▁him ▁firmly ▁into ▁the ▁I bel in ▁camp ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁queen ' s ▁husband , ▁the ▁Emperor ▁Frederick ▁II . ▁When ▁the ▁queen ▁died ▁in ▁Italy ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 2 2 8 , ▁the ▁H aute ▁Cour ▁( High ▁Court ) ▁elected ▁Walter ▁and ▁John ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁c - b ail iffs ▁for ▁the ▁young ▁king ▁Con rad ▁II , ▁the ▁emperor ' s ▁son , ▁but
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▁they ▁refused . ▁The ▁honour ▁instead ▁went ▁to ▁Lord ▁Bal ian ▁of ▁Sid on ▁and ▁E udes ▁de ▁Mont b é li ard . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Gest es ▁des ▁Ch ip ro is ▁and ▁Philip ▁of ▁Nov ara ' s ▁history ▁of ▁Frederick ' s ▁reign , ▁Walter ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁judges ▁of ▁the ▁jud icial ▁du el ▁between ▁A ma ury ▁B arl ais ▁and ▁An ce au ▁de ▁B rie , ▁which ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Cy pr us ▁before ▁Frederick ' s ▁arrival ▁at ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Cr us ade . ▁ ▁After ▁Frederick ' s ▁arrival , ▁he ▁held ▁a ▁ban quet ▁in ▁Lim ass ol ▁on ▁Cy pr us , ▁where ▁Walter ▁was ▁present ▁when ▁the ▁emperor ▁demanded ▁that ▁John ▁of ▁I bel in ▁surrender ▁the ▁ba ill i age ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁spark ▁which ▁ign ited ▁the ▁so - called ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁L omb ards , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁inter mitt ent ▁civil ▁wars ▁between ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁bar on age ▁who ▁s ided ▁with ▁the ▁I bel ins ▁and ▁those ▁who ▁s ided ▁with ▁the ▁Ital ians ▁( i . e ., ▁L omb ards ) ▁who ▁followed ▁Frederick ▁to ▁Cy pr us . ▁Only ▁after ▁a ▁tr uce ▁was ▁arranged ▁between ▁the ▁emperor ▁and ▁John , ▁was ▁the ▁former ▁able ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁journey ▁to ▁Palest ine . ▁Walter ▁accompanied ▁him ▁and ▁witnessed ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁char ters ▁in ▁A cre ▁in ▁April ▁ 1
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2 2 9 . ▁He ▁took ▁possession ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁again ▁after ▁Frederick ▁signed ▁the ▁Treat y ▁of ▁J aff a ▁with ▁Egypt ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 2 2 9 . ▁When ▁war ▁broke ▁out ▁on ▁Cy pr us ▁again , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁fight ▁for ▁the ▁I bel ins ▁and ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁N icos ia ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁June . ▁ ▁Family ▁Walter ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁husband ▁of ▁Margaret ▁of ▁I bel in , ▁wid ow ▁of ▁Hugh ▁of ▁T iber ias . ▁She ▁bore ▁one ▁son , ▁John , ▁who ▁succeeded ▁him ▁in ▁Ca es area . ▁She ▁also ▁bore ▁him ▁four ▁daughters : ▁Is ab ella , ▁Alice , ▁Fem ie ▁and ▁Hel vis . ▁Alice ▁married ▁Jacques ▁de ▁la ▁Mand el ée , ▁who ▁need ▁a ▁disp ens ation ▁because , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁L ign ages ▁d ' Out re mer , ▁" pre viously ▁he ▁was ▁esp ous ed ▁to ▁the ▁sister ▁of ▁this ▁one " ▁( p ri us ▁sor or ▁ ips ius ▁des pon sa ver at ). ▁The ▁text ▁is ▁not ▁entirely ▁clear : ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁saying ▁that ▁John ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁had ▁married ▁a ▁sister ▁of ▁Jacques ' s , ▁but ▁more ▁likely ▁it ▁means ▁that ▁Jacques ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁married ▁to ▁Isabel le , ▁whom ▁the ▁L ign ages ▁record ▁as ▁dying ▁young . ▁Fem ie ▁( E up hem ia ) ▁married ▁John ▁of ▁Gib e let . ▁Hel vis
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▁became ▁a ▁nun . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : 1 2 2 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : L ords ▁of ▁Ca es area ▁Category : Christ ians ▁of ▁the ▁Fifth ▁Cr us ade ▁Category : Christ ians ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Cr us ade ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown <0x0A> </s> ▁Kab ud ▁K amar ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kab ū d ▁K amar ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁K uk mar ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁D uz aj ▁R ural ▁District , ▁K har q an ▁District , ▁Z ar and ie h ▁County , ▁Mark azi ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 7 2 9 , ▁in ▁ 1 7 1 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Z ar and ie h ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona , ▁known ▁generally ▁as ▁the ▁gre ase wood ▁sil km oth ▁or ▁Mexican ▁ag ap ema , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sil km oth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Sat urn i idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁North ▁America . ▁ ▁The ▁MON A ▁or ▁H od ges ▁number ▁for ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona ▁is ▁ 7 7 5 4 . 1 . ▁ ▁Sub spec ies ▁These ▁three ▁sub spec ies ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁species ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona : ▁ ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona ▁an ona ▁( O tt ol eng ui , ▁ 1 9 0 3
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) ▁ ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona ▁dy ari ▁C ocker ell , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁ ▁Ag ap ema ▁an ona ▁plat ensis ▁Pe ig ler ▁& ▁K end all , ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : S at urn i ina e ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁" Wr ong ▁Side ▁of ▁Heaven " ▁is ▁a ▁single ▁by ▁American ▁heavy ▁metal ▁band ▁Five ▁F inger ▁Death ▁P unch ▁from ▁their ▁fourth ▁studio ▁album , ▁The ▁Wr ong ▁Side ▁of ▁Heaven ▁and ▁the ▁Right eous ▁Side ▁of ▁Hell , ▁Volume ▁ 1 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁nineteenth ▁single ▁overall ▁from ▁the ▁band , ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁To ▁add ▁to ▁the ▁contributions ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁band ▁through ▁their ▁numerous ▁military ▁conc erts , ▁the ▁ensemble ▁wanted ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁music ▁video ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁assist ▁vag rant ▁veterans ▁of ▁the ▁armed ▁forces ▁by ▁publicly ▁port ray ing ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁post - tra um atic ▁stress ▁disorder ▁on ▁wounded ▁warriors . ▁ ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁group ▁created ▁a ▁" No ▁One ▁Gets ▁Left ▁Behind " ▁jer sey ▁to ▁be ▁funded ▁via ▁an ▁Ind ieg ogo ▁crowd ▁funding ▁campaign ▁to ▁assist ▁the ▁organizations ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁video . ▁They ▁also ▁requested
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▁that ▁the ▁family ▁and ▁friends ▁of ▁dece ased ▁military ▁veterans ▁provide ▁dog ▁tags ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁the ▁preparation ▁of ▁a ▁memorial ▁wall ▁to ▁accompany ▁the ▁band ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁wall ▁eventually ▁will ▁be ▁placed ▁in ▁a ▁museum ▁to ▁honor ▁those ▁who ▁served . ▁ ▁Release ▁ ▁The ▁video , ▁directed ▁by ▁Nick ▁Pet erson , ▁increases ▁visibility ▁on ▁the ▁suffering ▁of ▁vag rant ▁veterans ▁of ▁the ▁armed ▁forces ▁and ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁post - tra um atic ▁stress ▁disorder . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : F ive ▁F inger ▁Death ▁P unch ▁songs ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁singles ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁songs ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by ▁Kevin ▁Ch ur ko ▁Category : He avy ▁metal ▁ball ads ▁Category : Work s ▁about ▁wars ▁Category : S ongs ▁about ▁the ▁military ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Kevin ▁Ch ur ko ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Z olt an ▁Bath ory ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Ivan ▁L . ▁M ood y ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Jason ▁Hook ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Jeremy ▁Spencer ▁( dr um mer ) ▁Category : S ongs ▁about ▁religion <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁O ñ ati ▁( in ▁Bas que ▁O ñ at iko ▁Un iber ts itate a ; ▁in ▁Spanish ▁Universidad ▁de ▁O ñ ate ), ▁the ▁official ▁name ▁being ▁the ▁University
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▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit ▁( San ct i ▁Spirit us ), ▁was ▁a ▁University ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 0 ▁and ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Bas que ▁town ▁of ▁O ñ ati ▁in ▁Spain . ▁Until ▁its ▁closure ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁university ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Bas que ▁Country . ▁Its ▁building ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Institute ▁for ▁the ▁Soci ology ▁of ▁Law . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 0 ▁by ▁the ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Av ila , ▁Rodr igo ▁Merc ardo ▁de ▁Zu az ola ▁under ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁a ▁bull ▁of ▁Pope ▁Paul ▁III , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit ▁was ▁originally ▁located ▁in ▁Hern ani , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 8 ▁moved ▁to ▁O ñ ati . ▁The ▁University ▁special ised ▁in ▁the ology , ▁law , ▁canon ▁law , ▁the ▁arts ▁and ▁medicine ▁and ▁was ▁strictly ▁limited ▁to ▁Cath ol ics ▁until ▁ 1 8 6 9 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁opened ▁to ▁all . ▁The ▁institution ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁the ▁building ▁houses ▁the ▁International ▁Institute ▁for ▁Soci ology ▁of ▁Law ▁( I IS L ). ▁ ▁Building ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁declared ▁a ▁National ▁Historic ▁Mon ument . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁remarkable ▁Rena issance ▁buildings ▁of ▁the ▁Bas que ▁Country , ▁and ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁Pl ater es que ▁style
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. ▁Construction ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 3 ▁by ▁the ▁master ▁stone ▁m ason ▁Dom ingo ▁de ▁la ▁Car rera ▁and ▁the ▁sculpt or ▁Pierre ▁Pic art . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Universidad ▁del ▁San ct i ▁Spirit us ▁ ▁Institut o ▁Intern acional ▁de ▁Soci ología ▁Jur íd ica ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁the ▁Bas que ▁Country ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 4 0 s ▁Category : E duc ation ▁in ▁the ▁Bas que ▁Country ▁Category : R ena issance ▁architecture ▁in ▁Bas que ▁Country ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : Def unct ▁universities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁Mel inda ▁Ann ▁G ates , ▁( née ▁French ; ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁phil anth rop ist ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁general ▁manager ▁at ▁Microsoft . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁she ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Bill ▁& ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Foundation ▁with ▁her ▁husband ▁Bill ▁G ates , ▁the ▁world ' s ▁largest ▁private ▁char itable ▁organization ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁G ates ▁has ▁consistently ▁been ▁ranked ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁most ▁powerful ▁women ▁by ▁For bes . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Mel inda ▁Ann ▁French ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁in ▁Dallas , ▁Texas . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁second
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▁of ▁four ▁children ▁born ▁to ▁Raymond ▁Joseph ▁French ▁Jr ., ▁an ▁a eros pace ▁engineer , ▁and ▁El aine ▁Ag nes ▁Amer land , ▁a ▁homem aker . ▁Mel inda ▁has ▁an ▁older ▁sister ▁and ▁two ▁younger ▁brothers . ▁ ▁Mel inda , ▁a ▁Catholic , ▁attended ▁St . ▁Mon ica ▁Catholic ▁School , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁top ▁student ▁in ▁her ▁class . ▁At ▁age ▁ 1 4 , ▁Mel inda ▁was ▁introduced ▁to ▁the ▁Apple ▁II ▁by ▁her ▁father , ▁which ▁later ▁inspired ▁her ▁interest ▁in ▁computer ▁games ▁and ▁the ▁BAS IC ▁programming ▁language . ▁ ▁Mel inda ▁graduated ▁as ▁val ed ict or ian ▁from ▁Urs ul ine ▁Academy ▁of ▁Dallas ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁She ▁earned ▁a ▁b achelor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁computer ▁science ▁and ▁economics ▁from ▁Duke ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁and ▁an ▁M BA ▁from ▁Duke ' s ▁Fu qu a ▁School ▁of ▁Business ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁At ▁Duke , ▁Mel inda ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁K appa ▁Alpha ▁The ta ▁sor or ity , ▁B eta ▁R ho ▁Chapter . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁G ates ' ▁first ▁job ▁was ▁tut oring ▁math ▁and ▁computer ▁programming ▁to ▁children . ▁After ▁gradu ation , ▁Mel inda ▁joined ▁Microsoft ▁as ▁a ▁marketing ▁manager , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁leading ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁various ▁mult imedia ▁products . ▁These ▁included ▁Cin em ania , ▁En cart a , ▁Pub lisher , ▁Microsoft ▁Bob , ▁Money , ▁Works
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▁( Mac int osh ) ▁and ▁Word . ▁She ▁worked ▁on ▁Ex ped ia , ▁which ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁travel ▁booking ▁websites . ▁G ates ▁later ▁recalled ▁a ▁software ▁demonstr ation ▁of ▁Microsoft ▁Bob , ▁that ▁was ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁hard est ▁things ▁I ' ve ▁ever ▁done ". ▁However , ▁the ▁program ▁was ▁a ▁commercial ▁failure . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁G ates ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁Information ▁Products , ▁a ▁position ▁which ▁she ▁held ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁She ▁left ▁Microsoft ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁starting ▁and ▁raising ▁her ▁family . ▁ ▁G ates ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Duke ▁University ' s ▁Board ▁of ▁Trust ees ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁She ▁att ends ▁the ▁annual ▁Bild er berg ▁Group ▁conference ▁and ▁has ▁held ▁a ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁of ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post ▁company ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁at ▁Drug store . com , ▁but ▁left ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁phil anth ropy ▁projects . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁G ates ▁has ▁been ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁eye , ▁stating ▁" As ▁I ▁thought ▁about ▁strong ▁women ▁of ▁history , ▁I ▁realized ▁that ▁they ▁stepped ▁out ▁in ▁some ▁way ". ▁This ▁has ▁helped ▁her ▁work ▁become ▁recognized , ▁while ▁sh aping ▁and ▁delivering ▁goals
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▁of ▁the ▁Bill ▁& ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Foundation . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Bill ▁and ▁Mel inda ▁have ▁don ated ▁US $ 2 8 ▁billion ▁to ▁the ▁Foundation . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁G ates ▁founded ▁P iv otal ▁Vent ures ▁as ▁a ▁separate , ▁independent ▁organization ▁to ▁identify , ▁help ▁develop ▁and ▁implement ▁innovative ▁solutions ▁to ▁problems ▁affecting ▁U . S . ▁women ▁and ▁families . ▁ ▁Author ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁G ates ▁debut ed ▁as ▁an ▁author ▁with ▁the ▁book ▁The ▁Mom ent ▁of ▁L ift : ▁How ▁Emp ower ing ▁Women ▁Changes ▁the ▁World . ▁Former ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Obama ▁star red ▁in ▁a ▁comedy ▁sketch ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁book . ▁The ▁book ▁highlights ▁the ▁failure ▁to ▁acknowledge ▁women ' s ▁un paid ▁work , ▁drawing ▁on ▁femin ist ▁econom ist ▁D ame ▁Mar il yn ▁W aring ' s ▁book ▁If ▁Women ▁Count ed . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Mel inda ▁began ▁dating ▁Microsoft ▁CEO ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁after ▁meeting ▁him ▁at ▁a ▁trade ▁fair ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁she ▁married ▁G ates ▁in ▁a ▁private ▁ceremony ▁held ▁in ▁Lan ai , ▁Hawaii . ▁They ▁have ▁three ▁children : ▁Jennifer , ▁Ph oe be ▁and ▁R ory ▁G ates . ▁The ▁family ▁res ides ▁in ▁X an adu ▁ 2 . 0 , ▁an ▁earth - s hel tered ▁m ansion ▁in
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▁the ▁side ▁of ▁a ▁hill ▁over looking ▁Lake ▁Washington ▁in ▁Med ina , ▁Washington . ▁ ▁G ates ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁were ▁suggested ▁as ▁possible ▁vice - pres idential ▁picks ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁United ▁States ▁presidential ▁election , ▁according ▁to ▁a ▁reported ly ▁hack ed ▁email ▁published ▁by ▁W iki Le aks ▁from ▁Hillary ▁Clinton ' s ▁campaign ▁chairman , ▁John ▁Pod esta . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁recognition ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Mel inda ▁and ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁received ▁the ▁Award ▁for ▁Great est ▁Public ▁Service ▁Benef iting ▁the ▁Dis adv ant aged , ▁an ▁award ▁given ▁out ▁annually ▁by ▁Jefferson ▁Awards . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Mel inda ▁and ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁were ▁named ▁by ▁Time ▁as ▁Pers ons ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁alongside ▁B ono . ▁Mel inda ▁and ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁received ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Prince ▁of ▁Ast ur ias ▁Award ▁for ▁International ▁Co operation ▁on ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁their ▁world ▁impact ▁through ▁char itable ▁giving . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Mel inda ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁In sign ia ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Az te c ▁E agle , ▁together ▁with ▁Bill , ▁who ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Pl ac ard ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁order , ▁both ▁for ▁their ▁phil anth ropic ▁work ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁health ▁and ▁education , ▁particularly ▁in ▁Mexico , ▁and ▁specifically ▁in ▁the ▁program ▁" Un
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▁país ▁de ▁lect ores ". ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁her ▁work ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁children ▁locally ▁and ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁Seattle ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁dedicated ▁the ▁Mel inda ▁French ▁G ates ▁Amb ul atory ▁Care ▁building ▁at ▁Seattle ▁Children ' s ▁( former ly ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁and ▁Regional ▁Medical ▁Center ). ▁She ▁cha ired ▁a ▁campaign ▁for ▁the ▁hospital ▁to ▁fund raise ▁$ 3 0 0 ▁million ▁to ▁expand ▁facilities , ▁fund ▁under - comp ens ated ▁and ▁un comp ens ated ▁care , ▁and ▁grow ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁research ▁program ▁to ▁find ▁c ures ▁and ▁treatments . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁G ates ▁received ▁an ▁honor ary ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁medicine ▁from ▁the ▁Kar ol ins ka ▁Institute ▁in ▁Stockholm , ▁Sweden . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁received ▁honor ary ▁degrees ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge . ▁Their ▁benef action ▁of ▁$ 2 1 0 ▁million ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁G ates ▁Cambridge ▁Trust , ▁which ▁funds ▁post graduate ▁scholars ▁from ▁outside ▁the ▁UK ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁University . ▁Last ly , ▁she ▁was ▁awarded ▁an ▁honor ary ▁Doctor ▁of ▁Hum ane ▁Let ters ▁by ▁Duke ▁University ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁a ▁t ribute ▁for ▁her ▁phil anth ropic ▁commitment . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁ranked ▁# 3 ▁in ▁For bes ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁
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2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁lists ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁Power ful ▁Women , ▁# 4 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁# 6 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁G ates ▁was ▁appointed ▁an ▁honor ary ▁D ame ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁services ▁to ▁phil anth ropy ▁and ▁international ▁development . ▁In ▁recognition ▁of ▁the ▁foundation ' s ▁phil anth ropic ▁activities ▁in ▁India , ▁Bill ▁and ▁Mel inda ▁joint ly ▁received ▁India ' s ▁third - h ig hest ▁civilian ▁honor , ▁Pad ma ▁Bh ush an , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Obama ▁awarded ▁G ates ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁with ▁the ▁President ial ▁Medal ▁of ▁Freedom ▁for ▁their ▁phil anth ropic ▁efforts . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁President ▁François ▁Holl ande ▁awarded ▁G ates ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁with ▁France ' s ▁highest ▁national ▁award , ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Hon our , ▁in ▁Paris ▁for ▁their ▁charity ▁efforts . ▁That ▁year , ▁she ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Otto ▁H ahn ▁Peace ▁Medal ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Association ▁of ▁Germany ▁( D G V N ), ▁Berlin - Br anden burg , ▁" for ▁outstanding ▁services ▁to ▁peace ▁and ▁international ▁understanding
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" ▁in ▁the ▁historic ▁Berlin ▁Town ▁Hall . ▁That ▁year , ▁G ates ▁was ▁listed ▁by ▁UK - based ▁company ▁R icht op ia ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 2 ▁in ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁Most ▁In flu ential ▁Phil anth rop ists ▁and ▁Social ▁Entre pre neurs ▁World wide . ▁ ▁Women ▁in ▁technology ▁G ates ' ▁experience ▁of ▁a ▁male - dom inated ▁workplace ▁at ▁Microsoft ▁inspired ▁her ▁to ▁encourage ▁more ▁women ▁in ▁the ▁computing ▁field . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁G ates ▁announced ▁her ▁desire ▁on ▁increasing ▁the ▁diversity ▁in ▁the ▁workplace , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁technology ▁industry , ▁stating : ▁" Every ▁company ▁needs ▁technology , ▁and ▁yet ▁we ’ re ▁gradu ating ▁fewer ▁women ▁techn ologists . ▁That ▁is ▁not ▁good ▁for ▁society . ▁We ▁have ▁to ▁change ▁it ." ▁G ates ▁also ▁spoke ▁about ▁this ▁topic ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Grace ▁Hop per ▁Cele br ation ▁of ▁Women ▁in ▁Comput ing , ▁an ▁annual ▁series ▁of ▁con ferences . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁annual ▁letter ▁from ▁the ▁G ates ▁Foundation , ▁G ates ▁said ▁women ▁should ▁" sp end ▁more ▁time ▁doing ▁paid ▁work , ▁starting ▁businesses , ▁or ▁otherwise ▁contributing ▁to ▁the ▁economic ▁well - being ▁of ▁societies ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁The ▁fact ▁that ▁they ▁can ' t , ▁holds ▁their ▁families ▁and ▁communities ▁back ." ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁The ▁Mom ent ▁of ▁L ift : ▁How ▁Emp ower ing ▁Women
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▁Changes ▁the ▁World ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁the ▁Bill ▁& ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Foundation ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Go es ▁Public , ▁Fort une ▁magazine , ▁January ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Phil anth ropic ▁Profile , ▁Give Sm art . org , ▁November , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁ ▁Video ▁produced ▁by ▁M akers : ▁Women ▁Who ▁Make ▁America ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁human it arians ▁Category : American ▁non profit ▁chief ▁execut ives ▁Category : American ▁women ▁in ▁business ▁Category : American ▁women ▁phil anth rop ists ▁Category : American ▁Roman ▁Cath ol ics ▁Category : Bill ▁& ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Foundation ▁people ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Seattle ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Texas ▁Category : C athol ics ▁from ▁Texas ▁Category : C athol ics ▁from ▁Washington ▁( state ) ▁Category : Du ke ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences ▁Category : F u qu a ▁School ▁of ▁Business ▁al umn i ▁Category : G ates ▁family ▁Category : G iving ▁P led gers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁phil anth rop ists ▁Category : H on or ary ▁D ames ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : In sign ia ▁prop ers ▁of
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▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Az te c ▁E agle ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Microsoft ▁employees ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Dallas ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Med ina , ▁Washington ▁Category : Pres idential ▁Medal ▁of ▁Freedom ▁recip ients ▁Category : Rec ip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁of ▁Rec ogn ition ▁Category : Rec ip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Pad ma ▁Bh ush an ▁in ▁social ▁work ▁Category : The ▁Washington ▁Post ▁people ▁Category : W ired ▁( mag azine ) ▁people ▁Category : American ▁women ▁chief ▁execut ives <0x0A> </s> ▁Ex er tr is ▁was ▁an ▁ex erg aming ▁company ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁by ▁G are th ▁Dav ies . ▁Their ▁flag ship ▁product ▁was ▁the ▁Ex er tr is ▁Inter active ▁Ex ercise ▁B ike , ▁an ▁exercise ▁bike ▁that ▁uses ▁several ▁built ▁in ▁video ▁games ▁to ▁motiv ate ▁users . ▁ ▁The ▁bike ▁Dav ies , ▁a ▁Ph . D ▁phys ic ist ▁and ▁a ▁keen ▁fitness ▁enthusi ast , ▁invented ▁the ▁Ex er tr is ▁Inter active ▁Ex ercise ▁B ike ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁motivation ▁problem ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁card iov ascular ▁exercise . ▁Observ ing ▁that ▁traditional ▁exercise ▁b ikes ▁simply ▁disc arded ▁the ▁energy ▁input ▁of ▁the ▁cycl ist ▁as ▁waste ▁heat ▁and ▁sound , ▁he ▁con ceived ▁of ▁a ▁system ▁to ▁put ▁the ▁cycl ist ' s ▁energy ▁to ▁use ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁giving ▁direct ▁feedback ▁of ▁their ▁performance . ▁ ▁The ▁Ex er tr is ▁system ▁combined ▁the ▁add ict ive
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▁qualities ▁of ▁video ▁games ▁with ▁the ▁health ▁benefits ▁of ▁exercise . ▁Unlike ▁previous ▁attempts ▁to ▁' virtual ise ' ▁cycl ing , ▁few ▁of ▁the ▁games ▁on ▁the ▁Ex er tr is ▁bike ▁bore ▁any ▁re sembl ance ▁to ▁cycl ing . ▁Instead , ▁the ▁cycl ist ' s ▁energy ▁was ▁virtual ised ▁and ▁this ▁virtual ▁energy ▁used ▁to ▁power ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁games , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁designed ▁specifically ▁for ▁the ▁platform . ▁The ▁games ▁also ▁controlled ▁the ▁cycle ' s ▁resistance ▁in ▁theme ▁with ▁the ▁games . ▁ ▁The ▁Ex er tr is ▁bike ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Windows ▁X P ▁Emb ed ded ▁systems ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁Bill ▁G ates ▁show - c ased ▁the ▁Ex er tr is ▁bike ▁at ▁the ▁Cons umer ▁Elect ron ics ▁Show ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁during ▁his ▁ke yn ote ▁speech . ▁The ▁Ex er tr is ▁bike ▁was ▁also ▁featured ▁on ▁BBC ' s ▁Tom orrow ' s ▁World ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁telev ised ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁again ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁when ▁Dav ies ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Tom orrow ' s ▁World ▁Innov ation ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Features ▁The ▁bike ▁incorporated ▁a ▁gaming ▁platform , ▁an ▁L CD ▁screen , ▁a ▁game pad ▁and ▁an ▁arm - rest ▁with ▁a ▁pat ented ▁system ▁that ▁simultaneously ▁raised ▁the ▁screen ▁and ▁arm - rest ▁when ▁the ▁seat ▁was ▁raised ▁ensuring ▁correct ▁post ure ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁movement . ▁The ▁system ▁was ▁covered ▁by ▁two ▁other
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▁pat ents : ▁one ▁for ▁a ▁motiv ational ▁system ▁to ▁convert ▁cycle ▁speed ▁into ▁a ▁virtual ▁energy ; ▁a ▁second ▁covered ▁the ▁gear box ed ▁resistance ▁unit ▁that ▁disp ensed ▁with ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁large , ▁separate ▁fly wheel . ▁ ▁The ▁bike ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁' man ual ' ▁mode ▁which ▁allowed ▁it ▁to ▁operate ▁as ▁a ▁standard ▁exercise ▁bike , ▁complete ▁with ▁a ▁sim ulated ▁LED ▁control ▁panel . ▁ ▁Games ▁The ▁Ex er tr is ▁B ike ▁originally ▁shipped ▁with ▁four ▁games : ▁ ▁Sol itaire ▁- ▁the ▁player ▁had ▁to ▁cycle ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁the ▁cards . ▁Hig her ▁value ▁cards ▁represented ▁higher ▁resistance . ▁ ▁G ems ▁- ▁a ▁Column s - style ▁puzzle ▁game ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁players ▁cycl ing ▁slow ▁the ▁descent ▁of ▁falling ▁g ems . ▁Match ing ▁g ems ▁of ▁same ▁colour ▁expl oded ▁them , ▁allowing ▁players ▁to ▁clear ▁levels ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁complete ▁them . ▁Different ▁colour ▁g ems ▁controlled ▁resistance ▁levels . ▁ ▁Space ▁T rip per ▁- ▁a ▁scroll ing ▁shoot - em - up ▁adapted ▁and ▁licensed ▁from ▁Pom P om ▁Games . ▁In ▁the ▁port ed ▁version , ▁the ▁fire power ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁cycl ist ▁ped al ▁speed . ▁The ▁player ▁could ▁also ▁option ally ▁charge ▁the ▁weapons ▁system ▁for ▁increased ▁fire power ▁which ▁also ▁increase ▁ped alling ▁resistance . ▁ ▁Or bit ▁- ▁a ▁multi player ▁video ▁game ▁in ▁which ▁players ▁on ▁linked ▁b ikes ▁competed ▁in ▁an ▁arena ▁to
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▁collect ▁g ems ▁scattered ▁around ▁levels ▁for ▁points . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁later ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁bike ' s ▁software ▁two ▁more ▁games ▁were ▁added : ▁ ▁M aze ▁- ▁a ▁pac man - style ▁game ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁user ▁guides ▁a ▁cart oon ▁lady bug ▁around ▁a ▁m azed ▁trying ▁to ▁avoid ▁being ▁eaten ▁by ▁hungry ▁sp iders . ▁ ▁Light ▁Cy cles ▁- ▁a ▁multi player ▁game ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁famous ▁scene ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁film ▁Tr on . ▁ ▁Dem ise ▁Although ▁the ▁Ex er tr is ▁B ike ▁was ▁received ▁enthusi astically ▁by ▁consumers ▁and ▁press ▁alike , ▁economic ▁factors ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁led ▁to ▁financial ▁problems ▁early ▁on . ▁The ▁high ▁manufacturing ▁cost ▁of ▁the ▁bike ▁at ▁low ▁volumes ▁combined ▁with ▁a ▁poor ▁funding ▁environment ▁following ▁the ▁dot com ▁bust ▁and ▁ 9 / 1 1 ▁meant ▁the ▁company ▁never ▁achieved ▁profitable ▁status ▁and ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁close ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁C ros str ainer ▁Training ▁Plan ▁ ▁Category : Ex erg ames ▁Category : Ex ercise ▁equipment ▁companies ▁Category : Video ▁game ▁platforms ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Def unct ▁video ▁game ▁companies <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Henry ▁Sh arp ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁former ▁amateur ▁football er
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▁who ▁played ▁as ▁an ▁outside ▁left ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁for ▁Dar lington ▁and ▁Old ham ▁Athlet ic . ▁He ▁stood ▁in ▁for ▁Tommy ▁Mor an ▁in ▁three ▁Fourth ▁Division ▁matches ▁early ▁in ▁Dar lington ' s ▁ 1 9 5 7 – 5 8 ▁season ; ▁his ▁debut , ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 – 0 ▁defeat ▁away ▁to ▁Sc un th or pe ▁United . ▁He ▁moved ▁on ▁to ▁Old ham ▁later ▁that ▁season , ▁and ▁appeared ▁once ▁in ▁the ▁League . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Bed lington , ▁North umber land . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Bed lington ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁wing ers ▁Category : D ar lington ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Old ham ▁Athlet ic ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 9 9 ▁L ig at ▁Nash im ▁was ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁season ▁of ▁women ' s ▁league ▁football ▁under ▁the ▁Israeli ▁Football ▁Association . ▁The ▁league ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁M acc abi ▁Ha ifa , ▁followed ▁by ▁H ap o el ▁Tel ▁Av iv , ▁A SA ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁University ▁and ▁M acc abi ▁Tel ▁Av iv . ▁ ▁League ▁clubs ▁The ▁league ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁ 1 2 ▁clubs : ▁▁
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▁A SA ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁University ▁ ▁Be itar ▁Jerusalem ▁ ▁B not ▁Ram la ▁ ▁H ap o el ▁Ash kel on ▁ ▁H ap o el ▁Jerusalem ▁ ▁H ap o el ▁Mar more k ▁ ▁H ap o el ▁Pet ah ▁T ik va ▁ ▁H ap o el ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁ ▁M acc abi ▁A hi ▁Naz are th ▁ ▁M acc abi ▁Ha ifa ▁ ▁M acc abi ▁Net anya ▁ ▁M acc abi ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L ig at ▁Nash im ▁seasons ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 – 9 9 ▁in ▁Israeli ▁women ' s ▁football ▁women ▁Israel <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁For rest , ▁CB , ▁Q HP ▁( 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 8 0 4 , ▁St irling , ▁Scotland ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁ 1 8 6 5 , ▁Bath , ▁England ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁military ▁medical ▁officer . ▁ ▁For rest ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Staff ▁for ▁ 3 6 ▁years ▁supporting ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁during ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁conflicts ▁including ▁the ▁Crime an ▁War , ▁briefly ▁being ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁Sc ut ari ▁Hospital ▁where ▁Florence ▁Night ing ale ▁was ▁station ed , ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁made ▁an ▁Honor ary ▁Phys ician ▁to ▁the ▁Queen . ▁He ▁was ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁Medical ▁and ▁S urg ical ▁Rep orter ▁as ▁" One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁distinguished ▁medical ▁officers ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Army ". ▁ ▁His ▁past ▁revealed , ▁however , ▁that ▁as
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▁a ▁medical ▁student , ▁whilst ▁seeking ▁a ▁cada ver ▁to ▁further ▁his ▁understanding ▁of ▁medicine , ▁he ▁was ▁convicted ▁of ▁grave - ro bbing ▁– ▁although ▁he ▁was ▁later ▁p ard oned ▁by ▁the ▁King . ▁ ▁Child hood ▁and ▁education ▁▁ ▁John ▁For rest ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁in ▁St irling , ▁Scotland , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁John ▁For rest , ▁a ▁physician , ▁and ▁Elizabeth ▁Glas . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 2 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁medicine ▁at ▁Edinburgh ▁University ▁For rest ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁body ▁of ▁Mary ▁W others poon ▁from ▁St irling ▁Church yard . ▁The ▁crime ▁was ▁discovered ▁and ▁John ▁along ▁with ▁James ▁Sh iels , ▁a ▁street ▁swe eper , ▁Daniel ▁Mitchell , ▁a ▁servant ▁and ▁change keeper , ▁and ▁James ▁Mc N ab , ▁the ▁local ▁gr aved igger , ▁were ▁im plicated ▁as ▁the ▁cul pr its . ▁ ▁A ▁trial ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁St irling ▁Spring ▁Circ uit ▁Court ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁April ▁ 1 8 2 3 ; ▁however , ▁For rest ▁had ▁abs cond ed ▁and ▁was ▁absent ▁from ▁the ▁hear ings . ▁He ▁was ▁assumed ▁to ▁be ▁heading ▁for ▁Paris ▁whilst ▁Mc N ab ▁and ▁Mit chel ▁were ▁held ▁prisoners ▁in ▁the ▁St irling ▁Tol bo oth . ▁The ▁court ▁documents ▁do ▁not ▁mention ▁Sh iels ▁however . ▁The ▁crime ▁had ▁been ▁discovered ▁when ▁the ▁grave ▁of ▁Mary ▁W others poon ,
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▁who ▁had ▁been ▁buried ▁a ▁week ▁before , ▁had ▁been ▁observed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁inches ▁below ▁the ▁surface . ▁A ▁rope ▁was ▁discovered ▁near ▁the ▁surface ▁and ▁digging ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁coff in ▁revealed ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁broken ▁open ▁and ▁the ▁body ▁removed , ▁however ▁the ▁clothes ▁had ▁been ▁thrown ▁back ▁inside . ▁ ▁In ▁Mc N ab ' s ▁statement ▁he ▁described ▁For rest ▁as ▁the ▁ring - le ader ▁who ▁had ▁approached ▁him ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁times ▁trying ▁to ▁persu ade ▁him ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁bodies ▁from ▁the ▁church ▁yard , ▁offering ▁him ▁up ▁to ▁four ▁gu ine as ▁per ▁body . ▁In ▁Mc N ab ' s ▁role ▁as ▁the ▁church ▁gr aved igger ▁he ▁would ▁have ▁held ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁the ▁church ▁yard ▁which ▁would ▁be ▁of ▁great ▁use ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁crime . ▁Although ▁Mc N ab ▁admitted ▁being ▁with ▁For rest , ▁Mit chel ▁and ▁Sh iels ▁on ▁the ▁night ▁before ▁the ▁crime ▁was ▁discovered , ▁he ▁protest ed ▁his ▁innoc ence ▁and ▁claimed ▁the ▁crime ▁was ▁conducted ▁after ▁he ▁left ▁the ▁group . ▁ ▁Mit chel ' s ▁statement ▁supports ▁the ▁claim ▁that ▁For rest ▁had ▁offered ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁times ▁three ▁of ▁four ▁gu ine as ▁for ▁assistance ▁in ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁bodies ▁from ▁the ▁grave yard . ▁Mit chel ▁also ▁ment ions ▁one ▁of ▁For rest ' s ▁accompl ices ▁being ▁" a ▁tall ish ▁man ▁with ▁a ▁great ▁white ▁coat ▁with ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁cap es ▁and ▁whom
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▁he ▁heard ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁Mr ▁John ston ▁from ▁Edinburgh ". ▁This ▁man ▁was ▁not ▁located ▁and ▁assumed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁fict it ious ▁character . ▁ ▁Mit chel ▁goes ▁on ▁to ▁describe ▁how ▁For rest ▁had ▁offered ▁him ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁whisk y ▁and ▁his ▁being ▁into x icated , ▁he ▁agreed ▁to ▁go ▁with ▁him , ▁Mc N ab ▁and ▁Sh iels ▁to ▁the ▁church ▁yard ▁where ▁Mr ▁John ston ▁gave ▁him ▁a ▁pound ▁note ▁( which ▁he ▁adm its ▁he ▁split ▁with ▁Sh iels ▁the ▁following ▁day ). ▁However , ▁Mit chel ▁denied ▁assist ing ▁with ▁the ▁crime , ▁saying ▁he ▁left ▁immediately ▁afterwards . ▁ ▁As ▁all ▁evidence ▁pointed ▁towards ▁For rest ' s ▁being ▁the ▁principal ▁off ender ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁abs cond ed , ▁the ▁court ▁decre ed ▁that ▁he ▁should ▁be ▁out law ed . ▁ ▁The ▁Lord ▁Adv ocate ▁also ▁decided ▁that ▁because ▁For rest ▁was ▁absent , ▁the ▁trial ▁against ▁Mc N ab ▁and ▁Mit chel ▁who ▁had ▁merely ▁been ▁acting ▁as ▁agents ▁was ▁halt ed ▁pro ▁loc o ▁et ▁temp ore . ▁In ▁Sc ots ▁law ▁this ▁phrase ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁case ▁where ▁the ▁trial ▁is ▁stopped ▁but ▁the ▁prosecut ion ▁ret ains ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁bring ▁a ▁fresh ▁ind ict ment ▁against ▁the ▁accused . ▁They ▁were ▁freed ▁from ▁jail ; ▁however ▁this ▁inc ensed ▁the ▁local ▁popul ace ▁who ▁formed ▁an ▁angry ▁mob ▁and ▁started ▁to ▁ri ot ▁in ▁the ▁streets . ▁The ▁ 7 7
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th ▁Regiment ▁were ▁brought ▁down ▁from ▁the ▁Castle ▁to ▁dis per se ▁the ▁ri ot ers ▁who ▁fired ▁on ▁the ▁mob ▁in ▁Sp itt al ▁Street , ▁but ▁no - one ▁was ▁injured , ▁the ▁soldiers ▁intention ally ▁firing ▁over ▁the ▁people ' s ▁heads . ▁For ▁their ▁own ▁safety ▁Mc N ab ▁and ▁Mit chel ▁had ▁to ▁take ▁refuge ▁in ▁the ▁jail ▁they ▁had ▁just ▁been ▁released ▁from . ▁ ▁Although ▁For rest ▁had ▁been ▁out law ed , ▁this ▁did ▁not ▁affect ▁his ▁progress ▁in ▁education , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁lic enti ate ▁of ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁of ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁On ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 1 8 2 4 , ▁For rest ▁was ▁p ard oned ▁by ▁the ▁King . ▁The ▁reasons ▁are ▁not ▁clearly ▁documented , ▁only ▁referring ▁to ▁John ▁For rest ' s ▁contr ition ▁of ▁the ▁crime ▁and ▁" f av our able ▁circumstances ". ▁ ▁For rest ▁continued ▁his ▁education , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁Doctor ate ▁from ▁Edinburgh ▁University . ▁His ▁dis sert ation , ▁written ▁in ▁Latin , ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁gang re ne . ▁ ▁Early ▁military ▁career ▁▁ ▁Much ▁of ▁For rest ' s ▁military ▁career ▁is ▁documented ▁in ▁his ▁ob it uary ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Medical ▁Journal : ▁ ▁For rest ▁joined ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁as ▁a ▁Hospital ▁Assistant ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁November ▁ 1 8 2 5 . ▁Through ▁his ▁dil
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ig ence ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Assistant ▁Sur geon ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁Regiment ▁of ▁the ▁Foot ▁on ▁ 9 ▁February ▁ 1 8 2 6 . ▁This ▁period ▁of ▁history ▁was ▁relatively ▁peaceful , ▁and ▁reg iments ▁were ▁posted ▁around ▁the ▁British ▁Col on ies ▁to ▁ensure ▁order ▁was ▁maintained . ▁The ▁ 2 0 th ▁Regiment ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁India ▁and ▁For rest ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁expedition ▁against ▁the ▁Raj ah ▁of ▁Kol apore ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 7 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁For rest ▁was ▁transferred ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd ▁Regiment ▁of ▁Foot ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁attached ▁until ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁when ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁West ▁India ▁Regiment ▁of ▁Foot . ▁ ▁For rest ▁transferred ▁into ▁the ▁hospital ▁staff ▁in ▁St . ▁N ini ans , ▁Scotland , ▁on ▁ 9 ▁July ▁ 1 8 3 2 ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁years . ▁There ▁he ▁married , ▁on ▁ 7 ▁March ▁ 1 8 3 9 , ▁Ann ▁M cl ach lan ▁ ▁daughter ▁of ▁Captain ▁Donald ▁M cl ach lan . ▁The ▁following ▁month ▁they ▁left ▁St irling ▁with ▁Captain ▁Donald ▁and ▁family ▁in ▁the ▁bar que ▁Ar ione ▁and ▁journey ed ▁to ▁the ▁Cape ▁of ▁Good ▁Hope , ▁South ▁Africa ▁where ▁For rest ▁and ▁his ▁new ▁wife ▁dis emb ark ed . ▁Her ▁father ▁and ▁family ▁continued ▁to ▁Australia ▁reaching ▁Port ▁Phill
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ip ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁where ▁they ▁settled . ▁ ▁For rest ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁sur geon ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁class ▁into ▁the ▁ 7 5 th ▁Regiment ▁of ▁Foot ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁attached ▁from ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁until ▁ 1 3 ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁when ▁he ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁hospital ▁staff ▁in ▁Cape ▁Town . ▁ ▁Wh ilst ▁in ▁Cape ▁Town , ▁For rest ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Ann ▁had ▁two ▁children , ▁Mary ▁Anne ▁( born ▁ 1 8 4 0 ) ▁and ▁John ▁( born ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 8 4 1 ). ▁However , ▁Ann ▁died ▁soon ▁after ▁on ▁ 1 ▁August ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁at ▁St ▁George ’ s ▁Ang lic an ▁Church , ▁Cape ▁Town ▁on ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 1 8 4 2 . ▁ ▁For rest ' s ▁role ▁as ▁hospital ▁staff ▁in ▁Cape ▁Town ▁included ▁involvement ▁in ▁the ▁expedition ▁against ▁the ▁ins urg ent ▁Bo ers ▁beyond ▁the ▁Orange ▁River ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁K aff ir ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁Medal . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁became ▁the ▁Medical ▁Att endant ▁to ▁Lady ▁Sarah ▁L enn ox ▁( 1 7 9 2 – 1 8 7 3 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Richmond , ▁and ▁wife ▁of ▁Sir ▁Pere gr ine ▁M ait land . ▁Sir
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▁John ▁Hall ▁describes ▁For rest ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁dated ▁ 1 7 ▁January ▁ 1 8 4 7 : ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁May ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁For rest ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Sur geon ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Class ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁hospital ▁staff ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁Ch ath am , ▁Kent . ▁ ▁Crime an ▁War ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 1 8 5 4 , ▁For rest ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Deputy - In spector ▁of ▁Army ▁H osp itals ▁and ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁April ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁medical ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁army ▁in ▁Gall ip oli ▁and ▁Bulgar ia , ▁accompanying ▁the ▁expedition ▁to ▁the ▁Crime a ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁ 1 8 5 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁capacity ▁of ▁Pr incipal ▁Medical ▁Officer , ▁For rest ▁was ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁affair ▁of ▁Bul gan ac , ▁capture ▁of ▁Bal ak l ava , ▁battles ▁of ▁the ▁Al ma ▁and ▁In k erman , ▁and ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Sebast opol . ▁For rest ▁was ▁noted ▁in ▁Lord ▁R ag lan ' s ▁des patch ▁after ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁In k erman , ▁" for ▁his ▁able ▁ex ert ions , ▁as ▁des erv ing ▁to ▁be ▁most ▁honour ably ▁mentioned ". ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 8 5 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁posted ▁to ▁Sc ut ari ▁hospital . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁junior ▁doctors ▁in ▁his ▁division , ▁George
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▁Law son , ▁wrote ▁a ▁letter ▁home ▁describing ▁his ▁high ▁opinion ▁of ▁For rest : ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁long ▁before ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁the ▁conditions ▁at ▁Sc ut ari ▁became ▁clear ▁to ▁For rest , ▁as ▁described ▁in ▁his ▁letter ▁to ▁John ▁Hall ▁on ▁ 4 ▁January : ▁ ▁Florence ▁Night ing ale , ▁a ▁nurse ▁at ▁Sc ut ari ▁who ▁worked ▁hard ▁to ▁make ▁improvements ▁for ▁the ▁over work ed ▁staff ▁against ▁official ▁ind ifference , ▁wrote ▁of ▁For rest ▁in ▁her ▁letter ▁to ▁Sid ney ▁Herbert ▁on ▁ 8 ▁January ▁ 1 8 5 5 , ▁stating : ▁ ▁The ▁conditions ▁are ▁revealed ▁also ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁dated ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁from ▁For rest ▁to ▁John ▁Hall : ▁ ▁For rest ▁had ▁contract ed ▁a ▁severe ▁illness ▁and ▁unable ▁to ▁remain ▁at ▁his ▁post ▁he ▁resigned . ▁His ▁letter ▁to ▁Hall ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁January ▁stated : ▁ ▁For rest ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁medical ▁certificate ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁England ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁January ▁ 1 8 5 5 . ▁ ▁For rest ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Crime a ▁Medal ▁with ▁three ▁clas ps ▁which ▁was ▁personally ▁presented ▁to ▁him ▁by ▁Queen ▁Victoria ▁at ▁the ▁presentation ▁ceremony ▁on ▁Horse ▁Gu ards ▁Par ade , ▁London , ▁ 1 8 ▁May ▁ 1 8 5 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁awarded ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Crime a ▁Medal . ▁ ▁Later ▁career ▁▁ ▁For rest ▁spent ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁time ▁in ▁service ▁as ▁Pr incipal ▁Medical ▁Officer ▁station ed ▁in ▁Mal
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ta . ▁He ▁was ▁made ▁an ▁Ord inary ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁Third ▁Class ▁( Com pan ion ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Bath ) ▁on ▁ 5 ▁February ▁ 1 8 5 6 ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁fourth - class ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Med j id ie ▁on ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 8 5 8 ▁for ▁his ▁efforts ▁in ▁the ▁Crime an ▁War . ▁ ▁For rest ▁rem ar ried ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁August ▁ 1 8 5 8 ▁in ▁Gib ral tar , ▁Emma ▁Jen kin , ▁daughter ▁of ▁George ▁H . ▁Jen kin . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁In spector - General ▁of ▁Army ▁H osp itals ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁December ▁ 1 8 5 8 ▁and ▁shortly ▁after ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁November ▁ 1 8 5 9 ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁title ▁Honor ary ▁Phys ician ▁to ▁the ▁Queen . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁the ▁hospital ▁at ▁Villa ▁Sp in ola ▁in ▁St . ▁Julian ' s ▁was ▁adapted ▁into ▁a ▁ 4 2 - bed ▁army ▁hospital ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁newly ▁opened ▁barr acks ▁at ▁P em bro ke ▁and ▁by ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁san ator ium ▁to ▁absorb ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁overflow ▁from ▁Val lett a ▁General ▁Hospital . ▁This ▁hospital ▁was ▁named ▁For rest ▁Hospital ▁after ▁For rest . ▁ ▁For rest ▁died ▁at ▁ 1 0 ▁Queens ▁Par ade ▁in ▁Bath , ▁Som erset , ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁ 1 8 6 5
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, ▁leaving ▁£ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁his ▁daughter ▁Mary ▁Anne , ▁£ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁his ▁second ▁wife ▁Emma , ▁and ▁the ▁remaining ▁£ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁of ▁his ▁estate ▁to ▁his ▁son ▁John . ▁He ▁is ▁buried ▁at ▁Lock sb ro ok ▁C emetery , ▁Bath . ▁ ▁Career ▁tim eline ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 0 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : Com pan ions ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Bath ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Edinburgh <0x0A> </s> ▁Private ▁Tri als , ▁Inc . ▁is ▁an ▁AV - rated ▁law ▁firm ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Las ▁Vegas , ▁Nevada . ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁former ▁chief ▁district ▁judge ▁and ▁Nevada ▁Assembly ▁Major ity ▁Leader ▁Gene ▁P orter . ▁The ▁firm ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁trial ▁work , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁its ▁arbitr ation , ▁med iation , ▁custom ▁jury ▁services , ▁and ▁bench ▁trial ▁services . ▁The ▁firm ▁works ▁extens ively ▁with ▁international ▁corporations , ▁Fort une ▁ 5 0 0 ▁companies , ▁and ▁has ▁negoti ated ▁over ▁$ 1 ▁billion ▁USD ▁in ▁settlement ▁solutions . ▁ ▁Las ▁Vegas ▁Head quarters ▁The ▁Las ▁Vegas ▁office ▁consists ▁of ▁approximately ▁ ▁including ▁an ▁on - site ▁court room ▁and ▁four ▁private ▁conference ▁rooms . ▁The ▁court room ▁features ▁wireless ▁internet ▁access , ▁video ▁mon itors , ▁remote - access , ▁micro phones , ▁overhead ▁cameras ▁and ▁video
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▁recording ▁equipment . ▁ ▁Practice ▁areas ▁Ar bitr ation ▁Med iation ▁Mock - T rial ▁Pro ceed ings ▁Custom ▁J ury ▁Services ▁Ben ch ▁T rial ▁Services ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L aw ▁firms ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁Las ▁Vegas <0x0A> </s> ▁Sport ▁Club ▁Ga ú cho ▁, ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Ga ú cho , ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁soccer ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Pass o ▁F undo , ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁History ▁This ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁central ▁plate au ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁region ▁of ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Sul . ▁Ga ú cho ▁won ▁twice ▁the ▁lower ▁divisions ▁of ▁the ▁Campeonato ▁Ga ú cho ▁( the ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Sul ▁state ▁league ), ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁the ▁club ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁division ▁of ▁state ▁league , ▁but , ▁lacking ▁spons orship , ▁generally ▁finished ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁rank ings . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Ga ú cho ▁faced ▁financial ▁difficulties . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁club ▁had ▁histor ically ▁weather ed ▁such ▁down s iz ings ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁difficulties ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁access ▁to ▁their ▁stadium . ▁L acking ▁municipal ▁support ▁and ▁facing ▁mount ing ▁deb ts , ▁the ▁club ▁folded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0
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5 . ▁Res pon ding ▁to ▁popular ▁support , ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁rev ived ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁A chie ve ments ▁ ▁Campeonato ▁Ga ú cho ▁ ▁Second ▁Division ▁championship ▁ 3 ▁times : ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁Second ▁Division ▁second ▁place : ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Third ▁Division ▁championship : ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Copa ▁F GF ▁second ▁place : ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Municipal ▁Compet ition ▁League ▁championship ▁ 1 5 ▁times : ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁ ▁Stadium ▁Ga ú cho ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Arena ▁Wol mar ▁Sal ton . ▁The ▁stadium ▁has ▁a ▁maximum ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁Rank ings ▁ ▁C BF ▁ ▁Place : ▁ 3 6 0 th ▁ ▁Score : ▁ 1 ▁point ▁ ▁F GF ▁ ▁Place : ▁
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2 0 th ▁ ▁Score : ▁ 3 6 0 ▁points ▁ ▁R ival ry ▁Ga ú cho ' s ▁principal ▁rival ry ▁is ▁with ▁Es porte ▁Cl ube ▁Pass o ▁F undo , ▁against ▁whom ▁they ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁" Pl anal to ▁M éd io ▁Der by ". ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Sul ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Brazil <0x0A> </s> ▁England sp iel ▁( Eng land ▁Game ), ▁or ▁Operation ▁North ▁P ole ▁( ), ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁counter ▁intelligence ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁( G erman ▁military ▁intelligence ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁German ▁forces ▁captured ▁All ied ▁resistance ▁agents ▁operating ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁used ▁the ▁agents ' ▁codes ▁to ▁du pe ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ' s ▁cl and est ine ▁organization , ▁the ▁Special ▁Operations ▁Executive ▁( SO E ), ▁into ▁continuing ▁to ▁in fil tr ate ▁agents , ▁weapons , ▁and ▁supplies ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁The ▁Germans ▁captured ▁nearly ▁all ▁the ▁agents ▁and ▁weapons ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁( B rit ain ). ▁▁ ▁England sp iel ▁was ▁a ▁" cat ast rop he " ▁for ▁SO E ▁and ▁the ▁Dutch ▁resistance , ▁" a ▁text book ▁illustr ation , ▁the ▁world ▁over , ▁in ▁how ▁not ▁to ▁conduct ▁cl and est ine ▁work
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." ▁Fif ty - four ▁SO E ▁agents ▁sent ▁from ▁England ▁were ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁and ▁ 5 0 ▁were ▁executed . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁resistance ▁was ▁substantial ▁in ▁numbers ▁but ▁lack ed ▁weapons . ▁If ▁armed , ▁as ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁objective ▁of ▁SO E , ▁it ▁might ▁have ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁helping ▁the ▁all ied ▁military ▁forces ▁in ▁their ▁failed ▁attempt ▁to ▁exp el ▁the ▁Germans ▁from ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁Special ▁Operations ▁Executive ▁( SO E ) ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁W inst on ▁Churchill ' s ▁direct ive ▁to ▁" set ▁Europe ▁ab l aze ." ▁The ▁objective ▁of ▁SO E ▁was ▁to ▁undert ake ▁" ir regular ▁war fare " ▁with ▁sab ot age ▁and ▁sub version ▁in ▁countries ▁occupied ▁by ▁Nazi ▁Germany ▁and ▁other ▁A xis ▁powers . ▁SO E ▁agents ▁in ▁occupied ▁countries ▁all ied ▁themselves ▁with ▁resistance ▁groups ▁and ▁supplied ▁them ▁with ▁weapons ▁and ▁equipment ▁par ach ut ed ▁in ▁from ▁England . ▁Section ▁N ▁was ▁created ▁within ▁SO E ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁Section ▁N ▁had ▁four ▁ch iefs ▁during ▁the ▁war : ▁R . ▁V . ▁L aming , ▁Charles ▁Bl izard ▁( known ▁as ▁Bl unt ), ▁Se ym our ▁B ingham , ▁and ▁R . ▁I . ▁Dob son . ▁In ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁M . R . D . ▁Foot ,
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▁official ▁historian ▁of ▁the ▁SO E , ▁Section ▁N ▁was ▁" not ▁always ▁noted ▁for ▁efficiency ." ▁▁ ▁The ▁opposite ▁numbers ▁of ▁the ▁SO E ▁leaders ▁in ▁German - occup ied ▁Netherlands ▁were ▁Maj ors ▁Herm ann ▁G isk es ▁of ▁the ▁Ab we hr ▁and ▁Joseph ▁Sch re ider ▁of ▁the ▁S icher he its d ienst ▁( SD ), ▁the ▁intelligent ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁SS . ▁ ▁The ▁Netherlands ▁presented ▁ge ographical ▁challenges ▁to ▁the ▁Dutch ▁resistance ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁intelligence ▁agencies ▁wish ing ▁to ▁in fil tr ate ▁agents ▁and ▁supply ▁arms ▁and ▁supplies ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁resistance ▁groups . ▁The ▁country ▁was ▁dens ely ▁pop ulated ▁and ▁lack ed ▁forests ▁and ▁mountains ▁where ▁resistance ▁forces ▁could ▁hide ; ▁isolated ▁areas ▁suitable ▁for ▁landing ▁fields ▁of ▁air pl anes ▁or ▁par ach ute ▁drops ▁of ▁arms ▁and ▁supplies ▁for ▁the ▁resistance ▁were ▁hard ▁to ▁find ; ▁the ▁coast ▁was ▁flat ▁and ▁the ▁be aches ▁were ▁guard ed ▁and ▁often ▁min ed ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁offering ▁little ▁opportunity ▁to ▁bring ▁in ▁agents ▁and ▁supplies ▁by ▁boat ▁or ▁submar ine . ▁ ▁Moreover , ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁did ▁not ▁border ▁any ▁neutral , ▁un occup ied ▁country ▁which ▁could ▁be ▁used ▁a ▁st aging ▁ground ▁for ▁resistance ▁activities . ▁ ▁A ▁bad ▁beginning ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁summer ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁a ▁Dutch ▁agent ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁intelligence ▁agency ▁MI 6 ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁He ▁had ▁with ▁him ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁c oded ▁messages ▁and
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▁a ▁German ▁crypt ographer , ▁Sergeant ▁E . ▁G . ▁May , ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁learn ▁the ▁MI 6 ▁c ipher ▁system . ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁two ▁MI 6 ▁agents ▁were ▁captured ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁which ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁German ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁codes . ▁ ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁SO E ▁depend ed ▁upon ▁MI 6 ▁for ▁its ▁communications ▁and ▁c iph ers . ▁▁▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁SO E ▁was ▁training ▁Dutch ▁agents ▁to ▁in fil tr ate ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁to ▁help ▁a ▁fled gling ▁resistance ▁movement . ▁ ▁The ▁agents ▁complained ▁about ▁the ▁def ici encies ▁of ▁their ▁training ▁program . ▁They ▁were ▁given ▁clothing , ▁easily ▁ident ifiable ▁as ▁British , ▁to ▁be ▁worn ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁security ▁was ▁la x , ▁and ▁SO E ▁could ▁not ▁provide ▁the ▁agents ▁in ▁training ▁with ▁names ▁and ▁addresses ▁of ▁contacts ▁and ▁safe ▁houses ▁which ▁they ▁would ▁need ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁In ▁response , ▁the ▁British ▁conf ined ▁the ▁dis aff ect ed ▁tr aine es ▁and ▁only ▁released ▁them ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁after ▁a ▁complaint ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government - in - ex ile ▁in ▁England ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁agents ▁signed ▁a ▁agreement ▁to ▁remain ▁silent ▁about ▁their ▁complaints . ▁▁▁▁ ▁SO E ' s ▁first ▁two ▁Dutch ▁agents , ▁wireless ▁operator ▁Hu ub ▁Lau w ers ▁and ▁sab ote ur ▁Th ys ▁T acon is , ▁par ach ut ed ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁on ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁ 6
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/ 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁ ▁Lau w ers ▁was ▁captured ▁on ▁ 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁persu aded ▁to ▁send ▁messages ▁to ▁SO E ▁in ▁London , ▁but ▁he ▁om itted ▁from ▁the ▁messages ▁the ▁two ▁security ▁checks ▁( del iber ate ▁errors ) ▁that ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁be ▁introduced ▁into ▁messages ▁by ▁the ▁sending ▁agent , ▁the ▁scheme ▁for ▁which ▁was ▁known ▁only ▁to ▁the ▁agent ▁and ▁SO E . ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁security ▁checks ▁in ▁messages ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁sender ▁was ▁the ▁legitimate ▁agent ▁and ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁acting ▁under ▁free ▁will . ▁The ▁absence ▁of ▁security ▁checks ▁represented ▁a ▁vit ally ▁important ▁du ress ▁code , ▁which ▁should ▁have ▁warned ▁SO E ▁that ▁the ▁sender ▁was ▁either ▁an ▁imp ost or ▁or ▁a ▁legitimate ▁agent ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁captured ▁and ▁co er ced ▁into ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁Naz is . ▁Re peated ly ▁ignoring ▁the ▁significance ▁of ▁the ▁absent ▁security ▁checks ▁was ▁a ▁serious ▁violation ▁of ▁the ▁SO E ' s ▁own ▁transmission ▁protocol . ▁However , ▁SO E ▁London ▁ignored ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁the ▁security ▁checks ▁and ▁accepted ▁the ▁messages ▁as ▁genuine . ▁Lau ers ▁continued ▁to ▁transmit ▁messages ▁without ▁the ▁security ▁checks ▁and ▁even ▁inserted ▁the ▁letters ▁CA U ▁and ▁G HT ▁(" C aught ") ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁and ▁end ▁of ▁messages . ▁SO E ▁London ▁paid ▁no ▁mind . ▁▁ ▁The ▁messages ▁Lau w ers ▁trans mitted ▁while ▁a ▁prisoner ▁of ▁the ▁Germans ▁included ▁requests
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▁that ▁additional ▁agents ▁and ▁supplies ▁be ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁SO E ▁responded ▁posit ively . ▁Ag ents ▁and ▁supplies , ▁including ▁weapons , ▁were ▁usually ▁fl own ▁out ▁of ▁Britain ▁at ▁night ▁and ▁dropped ▁by ▁par ach ute ▁from ▁converted ▁Hand ley ▁Page ▁Hal if ax ▁bom bers ▁or ▁landed ▁in ▁fields ▁by ▁West land ▁L ys ander ▁ST OL ▁aircraft . ▁SO E ▁air ▁operations ▁were ▁based ▁at ▁R AF ▁Tem ps ford . ▁The ▁agents ▁and ▁supplies ▁were ▁met ▁on ▁arrival ▁and ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁Germans . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁England ▁ ▁Several ▁captured ▁Dutch ▁radio ▁operators ▁continued ▁broadcast ing ▁enc rypted ▁messages ▁but ▁without ▁security ▁checks , ▁which ▁should ▁have ▁alert ed ▁SO E ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁comprom ised . ▁SO E ' s ▁head ▁of ▁codes ▁Leo ▁Mark s ▁also ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁realised ▁that , ▁unlike ▁all ▁other ▁c oded ▁messages ▁from ▁agents ▁in ▁other ▁countries , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁messages ▁contained ▁no ▁errors . ▁He ▁reason ed ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁c oded ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁by ▁har ried ▁and ▁harass ed ▁wireless ▁operators , ▁but ▁by ▁expert ▁German ▁crypt ograph ers . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁messages ▁were ▁too ▁good ▁to ▁be ▁genuine . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁documentary ▁Churchill ' s ▁Secret ▁Army ▁Mark s ▁rec ount s ▁how ▁a ▁wireless ▁operator ▁ended ▁a ▁tele graph ic ▁radio ▁communication ▁with ▁" HH ", ▁which ▁stood ▁for ▁He il ▁Hitler ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁usual ▁closing ▁for ▁German ▁communications . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁party ▁instantly
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▁replied ▁" HH " ▁which ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁transmit ter ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁who ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁adding ▁" HH " ▁to ▁messages ▁automatically ▁and ▁not ▁a ▁British ▁agent ▁who ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁confused ▁by ▁the ▁two ▁letters . ▁ ▁Finally , ▁Mark s ▁sent ▁a ▁Dutch ▁agent ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁a ▁deliberately ▁gar bled ▁message . ▁ ▁Mark s ▁reason ed ▁that ▁no ▁ordinary ▁SO E ▁agent ▁could ▁dec rypt ▁the ▁message , ▁but ▁that ▁the ▁German ▁crypt ograph ers ▁could ▁and ▁would . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁agent ▁responded ▁to ▁the ▁gar bled ▁message , ▁which ▁indicated ▁to ▁Mark s ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁transm itting ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Germans . ▁Mark s ▁reported ▁these ▁findings ▁to ▁his ▁superior ▁who ▁told ▁him ▁to ▁not ▁discuss ▁the ▁matter ▁with ▁anybody ▁else ; ▁no ▁action ▁was ▁taken . ▁Mark s ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁real ▁issue ▁was ▁internal ▁rival ry ▁between ▁the ▁SO E ▁and ▁the ▁S IS ; ▁the ▁former ▁did ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁admit ▁error . ▁ ▁German ▁wireless ▁operators ▁reported ▁mock ▁resistance ▁groups ▁and ▁sab ot age ▁success es ▁to ▁SO E ▁London . ▁When ▁SO E ▁London ▁requested ▁that ▁a ▁agent ▁return ▁to ▁England , ▁he ▁would ▁suddenly ▁meet ▁with ▁a ▁cal am ity ▁of ▁some ▁sort ▁so ▁could ▁not ▁return . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁Mark s ▁wrote ▁a ▁report ▁to ▁SO E ▁leaders ▁about ▁his ▁suspic ions ▁that ▁all ▁or ▁nearly ▁all ▁SO E ▁agents ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁were ▁in ▁German ▁hand , ▁but ▁it
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▁was ▁months ▁before ▁any ▁action ▁was ▁taken . ▁Neither ▁the ▁Dutch ▁section , ▁over see ing ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁nor ▁other ▁services ▁were ▁not ified ▁of ▁his ▁suspic ions . ▁The ▁failure ▁of ▁SO E ▁leadership ▁to ▁respond ▁to ▁signs ▁that ▁the ▁Dutch ▁program ▁was ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁was ▁probably ▁motivated ▁by ▁both ▁den ial ▁of ▁warning ▁signs ▁and ▁inter - de part ment al ▁competition ▁between ▁SO E ▁and ▁the ▁rival ▁Secret ▁Intelligence ▁Service ▁(" C ") ▁from ▁which ▁SO E ▁had ▁been ▁created . ▁ ▁End ▁of ▁England sp iel ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁two ▁Dutch ▁SO E ▁agents , ▁Piet er ▁D our le in ▁and ▁John ▁U bb ink , ▁ ▁escaped ▁from ▁Ha aren ▁concentration ▁camp , ▁made ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁Switzerland . ▁and ▁reported ▁England sp iel ▁to ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Leg ation ▁there ▁which ▁passed ▁the ▁information ▁along ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁government . ▁The ▁two ▁agents ▁then ▁utilized ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁escape ▁and ▁ev asion ▁lines ▁to ▁get ▁to ▁Spain ▁and ▁hence ▁to ▁London . ▁ ▁The ▁Ab we hr ' s ▁G isk es , ▁however , ▁anticipated ▁their ▁arrival ▁by ▁sending ▁a ▁fake ▁message , ▁ost ens ibly ▁from ▁another ▁SO E ▁agent , ▁that ▁ ▁D our le in ▁and ▁U bb ink ▁were ▁turn co ats , ▁having ▁become ▁German ▁agents . ▁The ▁two ▁were ▁imprison ed ▁on ▁their ▁arrival ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁remained ▁in ▁a ▁British ▁prison ▁until ▁after ▁the ▁Norm andy
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▁Inv asion ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁They ▁were ▁later ▁hon ored ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁England sp iel ▁was ▁already ▁on ▁its ▁last ▁legs ▁in ▁fall ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁The ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁( RA F ) ▁which ▁supplied ▁the ▁planes ▁and ▁pilots ▁for ▁SO E ▁had ▁suspended ▁SO E ▁flights ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁after ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁high ▁casual ties ▁to ▁aircraft ▁and ▁air men . ▁ ▁The ▁R AF ▁had ▁noticed ▁that ▁its ▁flights ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁always ▁arrived ▁without ▁opposition ▁and ▁that ▁landing ▁areas ▁were ▁" too ▁bloody ▁perfect ," ▁but ▁planes ▁were ▁fired ▁upon ▁during ▁their ▁return ▁trip ▁to ▁England , ▁suffering ▁unus ually ▁high ▁losses . ▁In ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁year ▁ 1 2 ▁R AF ▁aircraft ▁were ▁shot ▁down ▁during ▁their ▁return ▁flight ▁from ▁SO E ▁missions ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁The ▁den ou ement ▁of ▁England sp iel ▁came ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁when ▁G isk es ▁sent ▁a ▁ta unting ▁message ▁to ▁SO E ▁complaining ▁about ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁recent ▁business ▁from ▁England ▁given ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁serv icing ▁them ▁for ▁so ▁long . ▁G isk es ' ▁message ▁also ▁promised ▁a ▁warm ▁welcome ▁to ▁any ▁further ▁agents ▁SO E ▁wished ▁to ▁insert ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁After math ▁The ▁fifty ▁Dutch ▁SO E ▁agents ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁were ▁transport ed ▁to ▁M auth aus en
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▁concentration ▁camp ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁as ▁all ied ▁military ▁forces ▁were ▁adv ancing ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁were ▁executed . ▁G isk es , ▁the ▁Ab we hr ▁master mind ▁of ▁England sp iel , ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁British , ▁but ▁after ▁the ▁war ▁was ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁during ▁the ▁occupation ▁of ▁Germany . ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁officials ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government - in - ex ile ▁in ▁London ▁refused ▁to ▁cooper ate ▁with ▁SO E ▁when ▁the ▁details ▁of ▁England sp iel ▁became ▁known ▁to ▁them . ▁They ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Prince ▁Bern hard , ▁and ▁a ▁fresh ▁start ▁was ▁made ▁in ▁mid - to - late ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁under ▁new ▁leadership ▁at ▁SO E . ▁ ▁Twenty - five ▁well ▁equipped ▁and ▁trained ▁sab ot age ▁teams ▁of ▁two ▁Dutch ▁agents ▁each ▁were ▁par ach ut ed ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁However , ▁eng end ered ▁by ▁England sp iel ▁the ▁British ▁dist r usted ▁the ▁Dutch ▁resistance ▁which ▁prevented ▁it ▁from ▁having ▁an ▁impact ▁in ▁Operation ▁Market ▁Garden , ▁the ▁un successful ▁offensive ▁by ▁all ied ▁military ▁forces ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁The ▁spe ar head ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁forces , ▁the ▁First ▁British ▁Air borne ▁Division , ▁was ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁cooper ate ▁with ▁the ▁resistance . ▁Had ▁it ▁not ▁been ▁ignored , ▁the ▁resistance ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁helpful ▁in ▁providing ▁badly ▁needed ▁intelligence ▁and ▁communications
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▁to ▁the ▁division ▁which ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁withd rawn ▁from ▁the ▁battle field ▁after ▁heavy ▁losses . ▁ ▁Con spir acy ▁theories ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁alleged ▁that ▁a ▁trait or ▁in ▁SO E ▁caused ▁the ▁England sp iel ▁and ▁that ▁Dutch ▁agents ▁were ▁sacrific ed ▁to ▁conce al ▁all ied ▁plans ▁for ▁an ▁invasion ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁" For ▁many , ▁it ▁was ▁simply ▁impossible ▁to ▁f ath om ▁how ▁the ▁devast ation ▁caused ▁by ▁das ▁England sp iel ▁could ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁stupid ity ▁and ▁in e pt ness ." ▁The ▁contrary ▁and ▁more ▁accepted ▁view ▁of ▁M . R . D ▁Foot ▁is ▁that ▁“ the ▁agents ▁were ▁victims ▁of ▁sound ▁police ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁German ▁side , ▁assist ed ▁by ▁Ang lo - D utch ▁in compet ence ▁in ▁London ." ▁ ▁Ag ents ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁England sp iel ▁the ▁following ▁agents ▁( am ong st ▁others ) ▁were ▁dropped ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands : ▁▁ 2 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 0 : ▁L odo ▁van ▁Ham el , ▁sent ▁to ▁O eg st ge est ▁in ▁Z uid - H oll and . ▁▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 1 : ▁A art ▁Al bl as , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Nie uw esch ans ▁in ▁G ron ingen , ▁arrested ▁ 1 6 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 : ▁Hu ub ▁Lau w ers ▁and ▁Th ij s ▁T acon is , ▁dropped ▁near
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▁Om men ▁in ▁Over ij ss el . ▁Lau w ers ▁was ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁T acon is ▁on ▁ 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 : ▁W im ▁van ▁der ▁Re ij den , ▁sent ▁to ▁Sche ven ingen , ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 2 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁E vert ▁R adem a ▁and ▁E . W . ▁de ▁Jon ge , ▁sent ▁to ▁Kat w ijk ▁aan ▁Z ee , ▁R adem a ▁was ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁De ▁Jon ge ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 2 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁G err it ▁D ess ing , ▁dropped ▁near ▁E rm elo ▁in ▁Gel der land , ▁returned ▁via ▁Br uss els ▁to ▁England ▁on ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁N ol ▁Ba ats en , ▁dropped ▁near ▁K allen k ote , ▁east ▁of ▁Ste en w ijk ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested ▁▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Jan ▁Mol ena ar ▁and ▁Leo ▁And ring a , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Hol ten ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ; ▁Mol ena ar ▁was ▁injured ▁and ▁committed ▁suicide
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▁( by ▁pill ), ▁And ring a ▁was ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁G os se ▁R as ▁and ▁Han ▁Jord a an , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Hol ten ▁in ▁Over ij ss el , ▁R as ▁was ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁Jord a an ▁two ▁days ▁later . ▁▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Hen k ▁Se bes ▁and ▁B are nd ▁K lo os , ▁dropped ▁near ▁H ars kamp , ▁E de ▁in ▁Gel der land , ▁Se bes ▁was ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁K lo os ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Jan ▁de ▁Ha as ▁( as ▁a ▁replacement ▁for ▁Mol ena ar ), ▁brought ▁to ▁C astr ic um , ▁arrested ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁▁ 2 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁H erman ▁Par lev iet ▁and ▁To on ▁van ▁Ste en , ▁dropped ▁near ▁K allen k ote , ▁east ▁of ▁Ste en w ijk ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁arrested ▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Jan ▁van ▁R iet sch ot en ▁and ▁Jo ▁Bu izer , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Hol ten ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁arrested
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▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁George ▁J amb ro es ▁and ▁J oz ef ▁B uk k ens , ▁dropped ▁near ▁K allen k ote , ▁east ▁of ▁Ste en w ijk ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁arrested ▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Ger ard ▁Jan ▁van ▁Hem ert , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Hol ten ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁arrested ▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁K arel ▁Be uk ema ▁toe ▁Water ▁and ▁C ees ▁D ro ogle ever ▁Fort u yn , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Ball oo ▁in ▁D rent he ▁and ▁arrested ▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Mo oy ▁and ▁J ong el ie , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁A art ▁van ▁Gi essen , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Me ind ert ▁K ool stra , ▁dropped ▁near ▁E rm elo ▁in ▁Gel der land ▁and ▁arrested ▁immediately . ▁▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁Jan ▁Hof st ede ▁and ▁Christ ia an ▁P ouw els , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Hol ten ▁in ▁Over ij ss el ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 2 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁de ▁K ru ij ff ▁and ▁Char le ▁Rus eler , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁
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2 9 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 2 : ▁John ▁U bb ink ▁and ▁H erman ▁Over es , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁T rix ▁Ter wind t , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 6 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁Van ▁de ▁Nor , ▁Ke es ▁H ul ste ijn ▁and ▁Br ag ga ar , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁G err it ▁van ▁Os ▁and ▁Jan ▁K ist , ▁dropped ▁near ▁Vo orth u izen ▁in ▁Gel der land ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁W im ▁van ▁der ▁Wild en ▁and ▁his ▁cousin ▁Piet ▁van ▁der ▁Wild en , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 1 9 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁Piet er ▁D our le in , ▁dropped ▁near ▁E rm elo ▁in ▁Gel der land ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 2 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁K la as ▁W eg ner , ▁Free k ▁Rou w ers ▁and ▁I vo ▁U yt van ck , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 2 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 3 : ▁Oscar ▁de ▁B rey , ▁Anton ▁M ink ▁and ▁La ure ns ▁P unt , ▁dropped ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁▁ 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 4 : ▁( After ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁England sp iel )
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▁Harm en ▁K oop mans ▁and ▁G . ▁En s ink , ▁dropped ▁at ▁D ok k um ▁and ▁immediately ▁arrested . ▁ ▁K oop mans ▁killed ▁at ▁De ▁Wo este ▁H oe ve ▁near ▁Ap el do orn . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁England sp iel ▁is ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁" Dead ▁on ▁Ar riv al " ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁Secret ▁War ▁documentary ▁series , ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁" Conf usion ▁Was ▁Their ▁Business " ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁Sec rets ▁of ▁W W II ▁documentary ▁series , ▁which ▁both ▁a ired ▁on ▁the ▁Military ▁Channel ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁England sp iel ▁is ▁the ▁historical ▁inspiration ▁for ▁" El ise ," ▁an ▁episode ▁in ▁Season ▁ 8 ▁of ▁the ▁historical ▁television ▁drama ▁F oyle ' s ▁War . ▁ ▁The ▁England sp iel ▁is ▁also ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁Dutch ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁adventure ▁book series ▁V lie gers ▁in ▁het ▁V uur ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁author ▁▁ ▁England sp iel ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁Italian ▁film ▁' London ▁ch iam a ▁Pol o ▁Nord o / The ▁House ▁of ▁In tr igue ', ▁directed ▁by ▁Du ilio ▁Cole tti ▁with ▁Curt ▁J urg ens , ▁and ▁based ▁upon ▁the ▁novel ▁by ▁G isk es . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁ ▁( transl ated ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Bark er ) ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Website ▁about ▁England sp iel ▁ ▁Guide ▁to ▁England sp iel ▁ ▁Message ▁posting ▁regarding
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▁Operation ▁Nord pol ▁ ▁O bit uary ▁of ▁Gast on ▁V and erme ers sche , ▁The ▁Daily ▁Tele graph , ▁ 1 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁occupied ▁territor ies ▁Category : Net her lands ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : Ab we hr ▁operations ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁esp ion age ▁Category : D utch ▁resistance ▁Category : Re ich ▁Main ▁Security ▁Office ▁Category : Special ▁Operations ▁Executive <0x0A> </s> ▁Sal im ▁Mans ur ▁is ▁a ▁Professor ▁Emer it us ▁of ▁Political ▁Science ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁in ▁Canada . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁column ist ▁for ▁the ▁London ▁Free ▁Press ▁and ▁the ▁Toronto ▁Sun , ▁and ▁has ▁contributed ▁to ▁various ▁publications ▁including ▁National ▁Review , ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁Forum ▁and ▁Front p agem ag . ▁He ▁often ▁presents ▁analysis ▁on ▁the ▁Muslim ▁world , ▁Islam , ▁South ▁Asia , ▁Middle ▁East . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Freedom ▁Party ▁of ▁Ontario . ▁ ▁Mans ur ▁is ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Federal ▁election . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Mans ur ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Kol k ata , ▁India ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada ▁where ▁he ▁completed ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁studies ▁in ▁political ▁science . ▁ ▁Mans ur ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁for ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Islamic ▁Pl ural ism ▁based ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C ., ▁a ▁Senior
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▁Fellow ▁with ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Coal ition ▁for ▁Democr acies , ▁a ▁group ▁which ▁seeks ▁to ▁support ▁democr acies ▁and ▁placed ▁particular ▁emphasis ▁on ▁calling ▁for ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Canada ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁pro - Is rael ▁stance . ▁ ▁Sal im ▁Mans ur ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁founding ▁members ▁of ▁Canad ians ▁Against ▁Su icide ▁Bomb ing , ▁a ▁group ▁that ▁has ▁l obb ied ▁to ▁am end ▁Canada ' s ▁Crim inal ▁Code ▁to ▁c ite ▁suicide ▁bomb ing ▁as ▁a ▁terrorist ▁crime , ▁efforts ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁passing ▁of ▁Bill ▁S - 2 1 5 ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁an ▁academic - cons ult ant ▁with ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Security ▁Policy ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁consultant ▁with ▁C ID A ▁on ▁development ▁issues ▁and ▁has ▁published ▁widely ▁in ▁academic ▁jour nals ▁on ▁foreign ▁policy ▁matters ▁and ▁area ▁studies ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁South ▁Asia . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁documentary ▁O bs ession : ▁Rad ical ▁Islam ' s ▁War ▁Against ▁the ▁West ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁David ▁Hor ow itz ▁Freedom ▁Center . ▁He ▁also ▁un success fully ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Alliance ▁party ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁being ▁defeated ▁by ▁Sue ▁Barn es . ▁ ▁Mans ur ▁ ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁o str ac ized ▁after ▁writing ▁columns ▁condem ning ▁the ▁Tal ib an ▁and ▁comparing ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁Kh mer ▁Rou ge ▁of ▁Camb od ia .
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▁According ▁to ▁Mans ur , ▁the ▁severe ▁back l ash ▁has ▁prompt ed ▁him ▁to ▁stop ▁going ▁to ▁his ▁local ▁mos que . ▁ ▁David ▁B . ▁Harris ▁claims ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁two ▁fat was ▁issued ▁by ▁un spec ified ▁individuals ▁against ▁Mans ur , ▁calling ▁for ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁on ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Mans ur ▁stated ▁that : ▁" I sl am ▁is ▁my ▁private ▁life , ▁my ▁conscience ... ▁[ but ] ▁my ▁faith ▁does ▁not ▁take ▁preced ence ▁over ▁my ▁duties ... ▁to ▁Canada ▁and ▁its ▁constitution , ▁which ▁I ▁embrace ▁freely ... ▁I ▁am ▁first ▁and ▁most ▁importantly ▁a ▁Canadian ... ▁Only ▁in ▁a ▁free ▁society ▁will ▁you ▁find ▁Islam ▁as ▁a ▁faith ▁and ▁not ▁a ▁political ▁religion ." ▁Mans ur ▁expressed ▁the ▁view ▁that ▁former ▁New ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁Leader ▁Jack ▁Lay ton ▁had : ▁" g one ▁to ▁bed ▁with ▁Islam ists ". ▁ ▁Mans ur ▁is ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Federal ▁election . ▁Mans ur ▁wrote ▁in ▁an ▁Op - ed ▁to ▁Water lo o ▁Region ▁Record ▁, that ▁he ▁wrote ▁the ▁P PC ▁immigration ▁policy . ▁ ▁He ▁previously ▁held ▁the ▁Conservative ▁nom ination ▁in ▁London - ▁North ▁Centre ▁but ▁was ▁dis qual ified ▁by ▁the ▁party ▁leadership . ▁ ▁Not able ▁view points ▁ ▁View s ▁on ▁Israel - Pal est ine ▁conflict ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Mans
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ur ▁congr at ulated ▁Israel ▁for ▁its ▁ 6 0 th ▁anniversary , ▁and ▁declared ▁that ▁the ▁Jewish ▁state ▁" des erves ▁adm iration ": ▁" Is rael ▁is ▁a ▁tiny ▁sl iver ▁of ▁land ▁in ▁a ▁vast ▁temp est - rid den ▁sea ▁of ▁the ▁Arab - Mus lim ▁world , ▁and ▁yet ▁it ▁is ▁here ▁the ▁ancient ▁world ' s ▁most ▁end uring ▁story ▁is ▁made ▁fresh ▁again ▁by ▁Jews ▁to ▁live ▁God ' s ▁c oven ant ▁with ▁Abraham ▁as ▁told ▁in ▁their ▁sacred ▁literature ." ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁wrote : ▁" The ▁story ▁of ▁modern ▁Israel , ▁as ▁many ▁have ▁noted , ▁is ▁a ▁miracle ▁unlike ▁any ▁[...] ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁robust ▁and ▁inclusive ▁democracy , ▁and ▁is ▁at ▁the ▁leading ▁edge ▁of ▁science ▁and ▁technology ▁[...] ▁What ▁hyp oc rit es ▁demand ▁of ▁Israel is ▁and ▁the ▁scrut iny ▁Israel ▁is ▁subject ed ▁to ▁by ▁them , ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁dare ▁make ▁of ▁any ▁other ▁nation ." ▁ ▁Mans ur ▁wrote ▁that ▁a ▁Palestinian ▁state ▁was ▁de ▁fact o ▁created ▁by ▁Britain ▁in ▁Jordan ▁by ▁partition ing ▁its ▁Palest ine ▁Mand ate ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁Palest ini ans ▁would ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁their ▁own , ▁had ▁they ▁accepted ▁Israel ▁and ▁reconc iled ▁themselves ▁to ▁the ▁rights ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁in ▁Jerusalem ▁and ▁the ▁Holy ▁Land . ▁ ▁Crit icism ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ▁and ▁Muslim ▁World ▁Mans ur ▁writes ▁that , ▁from ▁Al ger ia ▁to
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▁Indonesia , ▁from ▁Central ▁Asian ▁republic s ▁to ▁Sud an , ▁the ▁entire ▁Muslim ▁world : ▁" has ▁turned ▁its ▁back ▁on ▁modern ity ". ▁He ▁says ▁the ▁Muslim ▁world ▁must ▁stop ▁bl aming ▁the ▁West ▁for ▁its ▁own ▁a il ments . ▁ ▁Mans ur ' s ▁critic isms ▁of ▁other ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁have ▁extended ▁so ▁far ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁test ified ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁Stand ing ▁Committee ▁on ▁Cit iz ens hip ▁and ▁Imm igration ▁that ▁Canada ▁should ▁stop ▁immigration ▁from ▁Muslim ▁countries . ▁Mans ur ▁stated : ▁ ▁The ▁flow ▁of ▁immigration ▁into ▁Canada ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁flow ▁from ▁Muslim ▁countries , ▁means ▁a ▁pour ing ▁in ▁of ▁numbers ▁into ▁a ▁liberal ▁society ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁cultures ▁at ▁best ▁non - li ber al . ▁But ▁we ▁know ▁through ▁our ▁studies ▁and ▁observations ▁that ▁the ▁ill iber al ▁mix ▁of ▁cultures ▁pos es ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁d ile mm as ▁and ▁an ▁unpre ced ented ▁challenge ▁to ▁liberal ▁societies , ▁such ▁as ▁ours , ▁when ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁demand ▁placed ▁on ▁immigrants ▁any ▁longer ▁to ▁ass imil ate ▁into ▁the ▁founding ▁liberal ▁values ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁to ▁which ▁they ▁have ▁immigr ated ▁to ▁and , ▁instead , ▁by ▁a ▁mis gu ided ▁and ▁thoroughly ▁wrong - headed ▁policy ▁of ▁mult icult ural ism ▁encourage ▁the ▁opposite . ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁his ▁association ▁with ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁and
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▁his ▁candid acy ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 3 rd ▁Canadian ▁Federal ▁E lection , ▁coupled ▁with ▁his ▁anti - I sl am ist ▁views , ▁Mans ur ▁was ▁denied ▁a ▁spot ▁at ▁an ▁all - c andid ates ▁debate ▁being ▁held ▁on ▁October ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁Muslim ▁Mos que . ▁He ▁has ▁indicated ▁that ▁he ▁may ▁pursue ▁legal ▁action , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁candidate ▁who ▁was ▁not ▁invited . ▁ ▁S ke ptic ism ▁about ▁mainstream ▁scientific ▁position ▁on ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁Mans ur ▁is ▁a ▁climate ▁change ▁den ier ▁and ▁has ▁insisted ▁that ▁" the ▁claim ▁of ▁man - made ▁global ▁war ming " ▁has ▁been ▁" f als ified ." ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁suggested ▁that ▁climate ▁scientists , ▁" cor rupted ▁by ▁the ▁l ure ▁of ▁money ▁and ▁influence , ▁sub scribed ▁to ▁the ▁UN - based ▁scheme ▁for ▁the ▁largest ▁global ▁tax ▁grab ▁and ▁revenue ▁transfer ▁-- ▁some ▁version ▁of ▁global ▁carbon ▁tax ▁-- ▁by ▁raising ▁false ▁al arms ▁about ▁im pending ▁planet ary ▁do om ▁in ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁science ." ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁De lect able ▁Lie : ▁a ▁liberal ▁rep ud iation ▁of ▁mult icult ural ism . ▁Br ant ford , ▁ON : ▁M ant ua ▁Books . ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁Islam ’ s ▁Pred ic ament : ▁Pers pectives ▁of ▁a ▁D iss ident ▁Muslim . ▁Oak ville , ▁Canada ▁and ▁Ni ag ara ▁Falls , ▁NY
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: ▁M osa ic ▁Press . ▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁( with ▁N . K . ▁Ch oud h ry ) ▁( eds ). ▁The ▁Ind ira - R aj iv ▁Years : ▁The ▁Indian ▁Econom y ▁and ▁Pol ity ▁ 1 9 6 6 - 1 9 9 1 . ▁Toronto : ▁Centre ▁for ▁South ▁Asian ▁Studies , ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto . ▁ ▁Art icles ▁by ▁Sal im ▁Mans ur ▁Time ▁to ▁crush ▁terror ▁Muslims , ▁Democr acy , ▁and ▁the ▁American ▁Experience ▁Dis sect ing ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Cart oon ▁Cont ro vers y ▁Em pty ▁Gest ures ▁Canad ians ▁Against ▁Su icide ▁Bomb ing ▁Sal im ▁Mans ur ▁leading ▁member ▁Cl imate ▁Under ▁Fire ▁Mans ur : ▁G ore ▁under ▁spot light ▁Is ▁there ▁global ▁war ming ▁' tr uth ' ? ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Robert ▁F ul ford : ▁Canada ' s ▁ang ri est ▁' mod er ate ', ▁ 2 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁by ▁Robert ▁F ul ford , ▁National ▁Post . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Mus lim ▁reform ers ▁Category : Ind ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Canada ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Z ion ists ▁Category : Ind ian ▁Z ion ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Muslims ▁Category : Ind ian ▁Muslims ▁Category : Sch ol ars ▁from ▁Kol k ata ▁Category : B eng ali ▁Muslims ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people
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▁Category : Mus lim ▁supporters ▁of ▁Israel ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁political ▁scientists ▁Category : D iss idents ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁faculty ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Toronto ▁al umn i ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁people ▁of ▁Indian ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Break - Up ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁American ▁romantic ▁comedy - dr ama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁P ey ton ▁Reed , ▁star ring ▁V ince ▁V augh n ▁and ▁Jennifer ▁An ist on . ▁It ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Jay ▁Lav ender ▁and ▁Jeremy ▁G are lick ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁Universal ▁Pictures . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁Gary ▁Gro bow ski ▁and ▁Bro oke ▁Mey ers ▁meet ▁at ▁W rig ley ▁Field ▁during ▁a ▁Chicago ▁Cub s ▁game ▁and ▁begin ▁dating , ▁eventually ▁buying ▁a ▁cond omin ium ▁together . ▁Gary ▁works ▁as ▁a ▁tour ▁guide ▁in ▁a ▁family ▁business ▁with ▁his ▁brothers , ▁L up us ▁and ▁Dennis . ▁Bro oke ▁man ages ▁an ▁art ▁gallery ▁owned ▁by ▁ecc entric ▁artist ▁Mar il yn ▁Dean . ▁ ▁Their ▁relationship ▁comes ▁to ▁a ▁head ▁after ▁the ▁latest ▁in ▁an ▁escal ating ▁series ▁of ▁arguments . ▁Bro oke , ▁feeling ▁un app reci ated , ▁critic izes ▁Gary ' s ▁perceived ▁im mat urity ▁and ▁unw illing ness ▁to ▁work ▁on ▁improving ▁their ▁relationship . ▁Gary ▁is ▁frustrated ▁by ▁Bro oke ' s ▁perceived ▁controlling , ▁perfection istic ▁attitude , ▁and ▁express es ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁little ▁more ▁independence , ▁particularly ▁when ▁arriving
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▁home ▁from ▁work , ▁wanting ▁to ▁unw ind . ▁ ▁Bro oke ▁becomes ▁ir ate ▁when ▁Gary ▁fails ▁to ▁offer ▁to ▁help ▁her ▁clean ▁up ▁after ▁a ▁big ▁dinner ▁party ▁at ▁their ▁home . ▁Still ▁frustrated ▁from ▁their ▁earlier , ▁un resolved ▁argument , ▁she ▁breaks ▁up ▁with ▁him ▁( des pite ▁still ▁being ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁him ). ▁Bro oke ▁seeks ▁relationship ▁advice ▁from ▁her ▁sister ▁Add ie , ▁while ▁Gary ▁goes ▁to ▁tell ▁his ▁side ▁of ▁things ▁to ▁friend ▁Johnny ▁Ost ro f ski . ▁ ▁Since ▁neither ▁is ▁willing ▁to ▁move ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁cond o , ▁they ▁compromise ▁by ▁living ▁as ▁room mates ; ▁but , ▁each ▁begins ▁acting ▁out ▁to ▁prov oke ▁the ▁other ▁in ▁increasingly ▁elaborate ▁ways . ▁Gary ▁bu ys ▁a ▁pool ▁table , ▁lit ters ▁the ▁cond o ▁with ▁food ▁and ▁trash , ▁and ▁even ▁has ▁a ▁strip ▁poker ▁party ▁with ▁L up us ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁women . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Bro oke ▁has ▁Gary ▁kicked ▁off ▁their ▁" cou ples - only " ▁bow ling ▁team , ▁and ▁starts ▁dating ▁other ▁men ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁make ▁Gary ▁jealous . ▁ ▁When ▁their ▁friend ▁and ▁real tor ▁Mark ▁R ig gle man ▁sell s ▁the ▁cond o , ▁Gary ▁and ▁Bro oke ▁are ▁given ▁two ▁weeks ' ▁notice ▁to ▁move ▁out . ▁Bro oke ▁inv ites ▁Gary ▁to ▁an ▁Old ▁ 9 7 ' s ▁concert , ▁hoping ▁that ▁he ▁will ▁figure ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁gesture ▁is ▁meant ▁to ▁be ▁her ▁last - d
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itch ▁attempt ▁to ▁salv age ▁their ▁relationship . ▁Gary ▁agrees ▁to ▁meet ▁her ▁there , ▁but ▁miss es ▁the ▁hidden ▁agenda , ▁and ▁miss es ▁the ▁concert — un w itting ly ▁breaking ▁Bro oke ' s ▁heart . ▁When ▁Gary ▁goes ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁drink ▁with ▁Johnny , ▁his ▁friend ▁points ▁out ▁that ▁Gary ▁has ▁always ▁had ▁his ▁guard ▁up , ▁has ▁been ▁guilty ▁of ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁selfish ness , ▁and ▁never ▁gave ▁Bro oke ▁a ▁chance , ▁emotional ▁intim acy - wise . ▁ ▁After wards , ▁Bro oke ▁qu its ▁her ▁job ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁spend ▁time ▁traveling ▁Europe . ▁When ▁she ▁brings ▁a ▁customer ▁from ▁the ▁art ▁gallery ▁home ▁one ▁evening , ▁Bro oke ▁finds ▁the ▁cond o ▁cleaned ▁and ▁Gary ▁preparing ▁a ▁fancy ▁dinner ▁to ▁win ▁her ▁back . ▁He ▁l ays ▁his ▁heart ▁on ▁the ▁line ▁and ▁promises ▁to ▁appreciate ▁her ▁more . ▁Bro oke ▁becomes ▁devast ated ▁and ▁states ▁that ▁she ▁just ▁cannot ▁give ▁anymore , ▁and , ▁therefore , ▁does ▁not ▁feel ▁the ▁same ▁way . ▁Gary ▁seems ▁to ▁understand ▁and ▁kiss es ▁her ▁before ▁leaving . ▁It ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁Bro oke ' s ▁" date " ▁( who ▁initially ▁asked ▁her ▁out , ▁but ▁she ▁polit ely ▁rejected ) ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁client ▁interested ▁in ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁artwork ▁she ▁kept ▁at ▁the ▁cond o . ▁ ▁Both ▁eventually ▁move ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁cond o . ▁Gary ▁begins ▁taking ▁a ▁more ▁active ▁role ▁in ▁his ▁tour ▁guide ▁business , ▁while ▁Bro
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oke ▁travels ▁the ▁world , ▁eventually ▁returning ▁to ▁Chicago . ▁Some ▁time ▁later , ▁they ▁meet ▁again ▁by ▁chance ▁on ▁the ▁street ▁as ▁Gary ▁is ▁bringing ▁home ▁gro cer ies ▁and ▁Bro oke ▁is ▁on ▁her ▁way ▁to ▁a ▁meeting . ▁After ▁some ▁awkward ▁but ▁friendly ▁catching ▁up , ▁they ▁part ▁ways ▁but ▁each ▁gl ances ▁back ▁over ▁their ▁shoulder ▁and ▁they ▁share ▁a ▁smile . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁V ince ▁V augh n ▁as ▁Gary ▁Gro bow ski ▁ ▁Jennifer ▁An ist on ▁as ▁Bro oke ▁Mey ers ▁ ▁Jo ey ▁Lauren ▁Adams ▁as ▁Add ie ▁Jones ▁ ▁Cole ▁Ha user ▁as ▁L up us ▁Gro bow ski , ▁Gary ' s ▁brother ▁ ▁Jon ▁F av re au ▁as ▁Johnny ▁Ost ro f ski ▁ ▁Jason ▁Bat eman ▁as ▁Mark ▁R ig gle man ▁ ▁Jud y ▁Davis ▁as ▁Mar il yn ▁Dean ▁ ▁Justin ▁Long ▁as ▁Christopher ▁Hir ons ▁ ▁John ▁Michael ▁Hig g ins ▁as ▁Richard ▁Mey ers , ▁Bro oke ' s ▁brother ▁ ▁Vern on ▁V augh n ▁as ▁Howard ▁Mey ers , ▁Bro oke ' s ▁father ▁ ▁Ann - M arg ret ▁as ▁Wend y ▁Mey ers , ▁Bro oke ' s ▁mom ▁ ▁Vincent ▁D ' On of rio ▁as ▁Dennis ▁Gro bow ski , ▁Gary ' s ▁other ▁brother ▁ ▁Peter ▁Bill ings ley ▁as ▁Andrew ▁ ▁Mary - Pat ▁Green ▁as ▁M isch a ▁ ▁Ke ir ▁O ' Don nell ▁as ▁Paul ▁Grant ▁ ▁Geoff ▁St ult s ▁as ▁Mike ▁Lawrence
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▁ ▁Linda ▁C ohn ▁as ▁ESP N ▁Sport sc aster ▁( voice ) ▁ ▁Z ack ▁Sh ada ▁as ▁Mad ▁Daw g ▁K illa ▁( voice ) ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁The ▁romance / com edy ▁film ▁gross ed ▁over ▁$ 2 0 5 ▁million ▁worldwide , ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁$ 1 1 8 . 7 ▁million ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁box ▁office . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁On ▁Rot ten ▁Tom atoes ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁an ▁approval ▁rating ▁of ▁ 3 4 % ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 9 2 ▁reviews ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 5 / 1 0 . ▁The ▁site ' s ▁critical ▁consensus ▁reads , ▁" This ▁anti - rom antic ▁comedy ▁lack s ▁both ▁laugh s ▁and ▁insight , ▁resulting ▁in ▁an ▁odd ▁and ▁uns atisf ying ▁experience ." ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 4 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁based ▁on ▁ 3 7 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" m ixed ▁or ▁average ▁reviews ". ▁A udi ences ▁poll ed ▁by ▁Cin ema Score ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁an ▁average ▁grade ▁of ▁" C +" ▁on ▁an ▁A + ▁to ▁F ▁scale . ▁ ▁Film ▁critic ▁Rick ▁Green ▁of ▁Gl obe ▁and ▁Mail ▁said , ▁" Al though ▁possessed ▁of ▁a ▁la ud able ▁desire ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁yet ▁another ▁run - of - the - mill , ▁w ack y - im ped iment — dam ned ▁if ▁the ▁picture ▁can ▁figure ▁out ▁how ▁to
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▁be ▁an ▁anti - rom ance ▁comedy ." ▁ ▁Awards ▁& ▁Nom inations ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁Home ▁media ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁DVD ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁It ▁has ▁gross ed ▁$ 5 1 ▁million ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁from ▁DVD / home ▁video ▁rent als . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁released ▁on ▁Bl u - ray ▁on ▁June ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁romantic ▁comedy - dr ama ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁romantic ▁comedy - dr ama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁P ey ton ▁Reed ▁Category : Fil ms ▁produced ▁by ▁Scott ▁St uber ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁Jon ▁Br ion ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Chicago ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Chicago ▁Category : Univers al ▁Pictures ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Bl ix ▁Street ▁Records ▁is ▁a ▁United ▁States - based ▁record ▁label ▁located ▁in ▁G ig ▁Harbor , ▁Washington , ▁over seen ▁by ▁president ▁Bill ▁Str aw . ▁Bl ix ▁Street ▁features ▁a ▁diverse ▁group ▁of ▁In strument al , ▁V ocal , ▁and ▁Celt ic ▁albums . ▁Among ▁the ▁more ▁famous ▁artists ▁who ▁have ▁recorded ▁with ▁Bl ix ▁Street ▁Records ▁are ▁Eva ▁Cass idy , ▁Mary ▁Black , ▁Grace ▁Griff ith , ▁Daniel ▁Rodr igue z , ▁Dou gie ▁Mac lean , ▁Dav y ▁Know
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les , ▁Back ▁Door ▁Sl am ▁and ▁song writer ▁R andy ▁Sh arp . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : American ▁record ▁labels ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁Pier ce ▁County , ▁Washington ▁Category : G ig ▁Harbor , ▁Washington <0x0A> </s> ▁Mont age ▁is ▁a ▁software ▁tool kit ▁used ▁in ▁ast ro ph ot ography ▁to ▁as semble ▁astronom ical ▁images ▁in ▁F lex ible ▁Image ▁Transport ▁System ▁( F ITS ) ▁format ▁into ▁composite ▁images , ▁called ▁m osa ics , ▁that ▁preserve ▁the ▁cal ibration ▁and ▁pos itional ▁f idel ity ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁input ▁images . ▁It ▁won ▁a ▁NASA ▁Space ▁Act ▁Award ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Mont age ▁was ▁developed ▁to ▁support ▁scientific ▁research . ▁It ▁enables ▁astronom ers ▁to ▁create ▁images ▁of ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁sky ▁that ▁are ▁too ▁large ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁by ▁astronom ical ▁cameras . ▁It ▁also ▁creates ▁composite ▁images ▁of ▁a ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁sky ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁measured ▁with ▁different ▁w avelength s ▁and ▁with ▁different ▁instruments ; ▁the ▁composite ▁appears ▁as ▁if ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁measured ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁instrument ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁teles cope . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁associated ▁software ▁developed ▁by ▁the ▁Mont age ▁user ▁community ▁including ▁B ash ▁and ▁C ▁shell ▁scripts ▁to ▁make ▁m osa ics , ▁and ▁the ▁mont age - wrapper ▁Python ▁application ▁programming ▁interface , ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ast ropy ▁project . ▁ ▁Mont age ▁uses ▁a ▁BSD ▁ 3
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- Clause ▁License , ▁which ▁perm its ▁un limited ▁red istribution ▁of ▁Mont age ▁code ▁for ▁any ▁purpose ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁its ▁copyright ▁not ices ▁and ▁the ▁license ' s ▁dis claim ers ▁of ▁warranty ▁are ▁included . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Compar ison ▁of ▁photo ▁st itch ing ▁applications ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Free ▁astr onomy ▁software ▁Category : Free ▁science ▁software <0x0A> </s> ▁Ste vel us ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁mit es ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁La el ap idae . ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁ ▁Ste vel us ▁am ic ulus ▁Hunter , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L ael ap idae <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁D uff ▁( 1 8 9 5 – 1 9 5 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁race ▁car ▁driver . ▁ ▁John ▁D uff ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁John ▁D uff ▁( counter fe iter ) ▁( 1 7 5 9 – 1 7 9 9 ), ▁American ▁counter fe iter , ▁hun ter , ▁and ▁sc out ▁ ▁John ▁D uff ▁( UP ), ▁president ▁of ▁Union ▁Pacific ▁Rail road ▁( 1 8 7 3 – 1 8 7 4 ) ▁ ▁John ▁B . ▁D uff ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 1 ), ▁former ▁commission er ▁of ▁The ▁Chicago ▁Public ▁Library ▁ ▁John ▁Fin lay ▁D uff ▁( 1 7 9 9 – 1 8 6 8 ), ▁captain ▁of ▁ship ▁Afr ic aine ▁and ▁business man ▁in ▁South ▁Australia ▁
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▁John ▁W ight ▁D uff ▁( 1 8 6 6 – 1 9 4 4 ), ▁Scottish ▁classic ist ▁and ▁academic <0x0A> </s> ▁Nic arb az in ▁is ▁a ▁coc c idi ost at ▁used ▁on ▁meat ▁chick ens . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁contr ace pt ive ▁for ▁population ▁control ▁of ▁Canada ▁ge ese ▁and ▁fer al ▁p ige ons . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁wide - spect rum ▁anti - par as it ic ▁drug ▁approved ▁for ▁veter inary ▁use , ▁effective ▁on ▁T ox oc ara ▁can is , ▁T ox asc aris ▁le on ina , ▁An cy l ost oma ▁can in um , ▁Un cin aria ▁st eno ce ph ala , ▁Tr ich ur is ▁vul pis , ▁D ip yl id ium ▁can in um , ▁and ▁Ta en ia ▁sp . ▁and ▁Mes oc est oid es ▁sp .. ▁K nown ▁brand ▁names ▁for ▁specific ▁countries ▁include : ▁ ▁Car b igr an ▁( the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ ▁C eva ▁Nic arb az in ▁( South ▁Africa ) ▁ ▁Cy car b ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁ ▁Ke ym ix ▁( Austral ia ) ▁ ▁K off og ran ▁( South ▁Africa ) ▁ ▁Ko fo zin ▁( Is rael ) ▁ ▁Nic arb ▁ 2 5 % ▁( the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ ▁Nic arb az in ▁( Is rael ) ▁ ▁Nic arb az in ▁El anco ▁( the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ ▁Nic arb max ▁ 1
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0 0 % ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁ ▁Nic arm ix ▁( the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ ▁O v ist op ▁( Cost a ▁R ica ▁and ▁Italy ) ▁ ▁O vo Control ▁( the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ ▁Ph i Car b ▁( Austral ia ) ▁ ▁R - 1 2 ▁( Bel g ium ) ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁chemical ▁point ▁of ▁view , ▁nic arb az in ▁is ▁an ▁equ im olar ▁complex ▁formed ▁by ▁ 1 , 3 ▁- ▁bis ▁( 4 - ▁nit rop hen yl ) ▁u rea ▁and 4 - 6 dim eth yl - 2 - ▁( 1 H ) ▁- ▁p yr im id in one ▁also ▁called ▁ 4 , 4 ' - d init ro car ban il ide ▁( D NC ) ▁and ▁ 2 - h ydro xy ▁- ▁ 4 , 6 ▁dim eth yl py rim id ine ▁( H DP ). ▁ ▁The ▁D NC ▁represents ▁the ▁bi ologically ▁active ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁complex , ▁but ▁to ▁be ▁absorbed ▁it ▁must ▁be ▁bound ▁to ▁the ▁H DP . ▁Because ▁of ▁its ▁hydro ph ob ic ▁nature , ▁the ▁D NC ▁alone ▁is ▁poorly ▁absorbed ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁limited ▁" bi ological ▁availability " ▁so , ▁following ▁oral ▁administration , ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁eliminated ▁without ▁being ▁absorbed . ▁The ▁D NC ▁therefore ▁requires ▁H DP ▁to ▁be ▁absorbed ▁and ▁to ▁reach ▁a ▁plasma ▁level ▁that ▁allows ▁an ▁effect ▁in ▁the ▁target ▁species . ▁ ▁Following ▁oral ▁administration
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, ▁nic arb az in ▁rapidly ▁diss oci ates ▁in ▁v ivo ▁into ▁its ▁two ▁H DP ▁and ▁D NC ▁components , ▁which ▁follow ▁different ▁routes ▁of ▁ex cret ion : ▁ 9 5 % ▁of ▁H DP ▁is ▁rapidly ▁eliminated ▁with ▁ur ine , ▁while ▁D NC ▁remains ▁longer ▁and ▁is ▁eliminated ▁predomin antly ▁with ▁fe ces . ▁ ▁Met abol ism ▁and ▁de pletion ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁components ▁have ▁been ▁studied ▁extens ively ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁carbon - 1 4 - label ed ▁nic arb az in . ▁Following ▁oral ▁administration , ▁nic arb az in ▁rapidly ▁diss oci ates ▁in ▁v ivo ▁into ▁its ▁two ▁components ▁H DP ▁and ▁D NC , ▁which ▁are ▁absorbed ▁through ▁the ▁int est ine , ▁then ▁passing ▁into ▁the ▁blood , ▁and ▁following ▁different ▁routes ▁of ▁ex cret ion . ▁The ▁H DP ▁is ▁ex cret ed ▁more ▁rapidly ▁than ▁the ▁D NC , ▁mainly ▁through ▁the ▁kid neys ▁via ▁the ▁ur ine , ▁while ▁the ▁D NC ▁is ▁absorbed ▁more ▁rapidly ▁than ▁the ▁H DP ▁and ▁is ▁ex cret ed ▁more ▁slowly ▁than ▁the ▁latter ▁through ▁the ▁liver , ▁via ▁the ▁fa ec es . ▁No ▁significant ▁resid ue ▁of ▁either ▁component ▁is ▁notice able ▁in ▁any ▁fabric ▁after ▁ 7 ▁days . ▁D NC ▁accum ulates ▁in ▁eggs ▁and ▁normally ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁D NC ▁in ▁eggs ▁is ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 ▁p pm . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁components ▁H DP ▁and ▁D NC ▁do ▁not ▁under go ▁met abol ism
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▁in ▁v ivo ▁and ▁in ▁vit ro , ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁deriv atives ▁struct ur ally ▁similar ▁to ▁nit ro an il ine . ▁However , ▁this ▁possibility ▁appears ▁extremely ▁remote , ▁achie v able ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁laboratory , ▁in ▁particular ▁chemical - phys ical ▁conditions ▁( high ▁temperature ▁in ▁a ▁strongly ▁acid ▁environment ). ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁two ▁components ▁of ▁the ▁nic arb az in ▁mole cule , ▁the ▁D NC ▁takes ▁on ▁a ▁significance ▁from ▁a ▁toxic ological ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁as ▁it ▁remains ▁longer ▁in ▁the ▁body . ▁The ▁D NC ▁mole cule ▁was ▁therefore ▁considered ▁as ▁a ▁marker ▁compound ▁in ▁resid ue ▁studies . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁ ▁Nic arb az in , ▁present ▁long ▁enough ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁market , ▁is ▁the ▁product ▁of ▁first ▁choice ▁as ▁coc c idi ost atic , ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁safe ▁use , ▁in ▁the ▁breed ing ▁of ▁bro iler . ▁K nown ▁brand ▁names ▁for ▁specific ▁countries ▁include : ▁Car b igr an ▁( Un ited ▁States ); ▁C eva ▁Nic arb az in ▁( South ▁Africa ); ▁Cy car b ▁( New ▁Zealand ); ▁Ke ym ix ▁( Austral ia ); ▁K off og ran ▁( South ▁Africa ); ▁Ko fo zin ▁( Is rael ); ▁Nic arb ▁ 2 5 % ▁( Un ited ▁States ); ▁Nic arb az in ▁( Is rael ); ▁Nic arb az in ▁El anco ▁( Un ited ▁States ); ▁Nic arb max ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁( New ▁Zealand
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); ▁Nic arm ix ▁( Un ited ▁States ); ▁Ph i Car b ▁( Austral ia ) ▁ ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁nic arb az in ▁as ▁a ▁coc c idi ost at ▁has ▁shown , ▁even ▁if ▁in ▁a ▁completely ▁revers ible ▁form , ▁an ▁inhib iting ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁productive ▁and ▁re product ive ▁functions ▁of ▁laying ▁he ns , ▁with ▁a ▁consequ ent ▁reduction ▁in ▁egg ▁production ▁and ▁their ▁weight ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁decrease ▁in ▁h atch ing ▁capacity . ▁The ▁depress ive ▁effects ▁on ▁ov ulation ▁found ▁in ▁p oul try ▁have ▁formed ▁the ▁rational ▁basis ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁some ▁preparation , ▁containing ▁nic arb az in , ▁used ▁for ▁birth ▁control ▁in ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁st ray ▁p ige ons . ▁K nown ▁brand ▁names ▁for ▁specific ▁countries ▁include : ▁O v ist op ▁( It aly ▁- ▁Europe ); ▁O vo Control ▁( Un ited ▁States ); ▁R - 1 2 ▁( Bel g ium ▁- ▁Europe ) ▁ ▁Nic arb az in ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁wide - spect rum ▁anti - par as it ic ▁drug ▁approved ▁for ▁veter inary ▁use , ▁effective ▁on T ox oc ara ▁can is , ▁T ox asc aris ▁le on ina , ▁An cy l ost oma ▁can in um , ▁Un cin aria ▁st eno ce ph ala , ▁Tr ich ur is ▁vul pis , ▁D ip yl id ium ▁can in um , ▁and ▁Ta en ia ▁sp . ▁and ▁Mes oc est oid
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es ▁sp .. ▁ ▁C occ idi ost atic ▁activity ▁ ▁Nic arb az in ▁is ▁active ▁on ▁some ▁species ▁of ▁Emer ia ▁with ▁different ▁sensitivity . ▁Unlike ▁other ▁coc c idi ost ats , ▁nic arb az in ▁rarely ▁presents ▁resistance ▁phen omena ▁towards ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁coc cid ios es ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁supported ▁by ▁Emer ia ▁ten ella . ▁ ▁The ▁dose ▁of ▁nic arb az in ▁generally ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁prevention ▁of ▁c ec al ▁and ▁int est inal ▁coc cid ios is ▁of ▁chick ens ▁is ▁ 1 2 5 ▁p pm ▁in ▁feed . ▁ ▁Nic arb az in ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁ion op hor ic ▁antib iot ics ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁spectrum ▁of ▁activity ▁and ▁reduce ▁the ▁phenomenon ▁of ▁resistance . ▁ ▁Effect s ▁on ▁re product ive ▁function ▁in ▁chick ens ▁ ▁Administration ▁of ▁nic arb az in ▁in ▁laying ▁he ns ▁was ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁reduction ▁in ▁egg ▁production ▁and ▁weight . ▁The ▁minimum ▁dose ▁that ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁produce ▁these ▁effects ▁was ▁ 5 0 ▁p pm ▁on ▁egg ▁weight ▁and ▁ 7 0 ▁p pm ▁on ▁egg ▁production . ▁The ▁intensity ▁of ▁these ▁effects ▁was ▁cor related ▁with ▁the ▁dose ▁and ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁treatment ▁period . ▁Treat ment ▁with ▁nic arb az in ▁for ▁a ▁week , ▁at ▁a ▁concentration ▁of ▁ 1 2 5 ▁p pm , ▁reduced ▁egg ▁production ▁by ▁ 5 0 %, ▁while , ▁at ▁a ▁dose ▁of ▁ 4 0 0
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