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/articles/ap/2008/05/14/europe/EU-GEN-NATO-Cyber-Defences.php;
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1 Personal recollection of the author who lived in Estonia from July 2007 to June
2008.
2 Multiple sources were used along with the author
s personal recollections of
living in Estonia. Three of the main sources that describe the attack are: Davis,
Joshua, 2009. Hackers Take Down the Most Wired Country in Europe. Wired
Magazine. Issue 15; Kampmark, Binoy, Autumn 2003. Cyber Warfare Between
Estonia And Russia. Contemporary Review. pp. 288-293; Aaviksoo, Jaak, 2007 (Nov.
28th) Address by the Minister of Defence of the Republic of Estonia at The Centre
for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, D.C.
Volume 11, 2009
Baltic Security & Defence Review
3 This reference offers an Estonian view of its history and underlines the reasons
behind the friction between Russia and Estonia.
4 SecureWorks is an internet security firm based out of Atlanta. The company
tracks suspicious activities throughout the internet.
5 Entered into force refers to the date that the treaty becomes enforceable
according to the provisions of the treaty by the members that have agreed to the
treaty.
6 WMD Insights is a journal sponsored by the U.S. Defence Threat Reduction
Agency.
7 Idea based on comments used by Jaak Aaviksoo in 2007. Minister Aaviksoo used
this technique to show that some members of the audience may unknowingly be
helping cyber-terrorists. Jaak Aaviksoo, Address by the Minister of Defence of the
Republic of Estonia delivered to the Centre for Strategic & International Studies,
Washington, D.C., November 28, 2007.
8 Russia Today is a globally broadcast news channel broadcast in the English
language and owned by the Russian government news agency RIA-Novosti.
Similar in programming to CNN and BBC but with a Russian perspective on
events in the world news.
9 Information from a Russian and English language blog that discusses issues
concerning Russia.
10 The Russian Federation Public Chamber is an organization created in 2005 to
oversee all aspects of government and to act as a consultant to the heads of the
Russian government. The Russian Federation Public Chamber Website, About the
House:
Public
Chamber
Russian
Federation,
http://translate.google.ru/translate?hl=en&langpair=ru|en&u=http://www.oprf.
ru/. (accessed April 10th, 2009).
11 A Just Russia is a Russian political party created as an opposition party but still
supports the power of the Russian executive branch (Abdullaev, 2006).
JR02-2009
Tracking GhostNet:
Investigating a Cyber Espionage Network
Information Warfare Monitor
March 29, 2009
http://www.infowar-monitor.net/ghostnet
http://www.tracking-ghost.net t
JR02-2009 Tracking GhostNet - FOREWORD
March 29, 2009
Foreword
Cyber espionage is an issue whose time has come. In this second report from the Information Warfare
Monitor, we lay out the findings of a 10-month investigation of alleged Chinese cyber spying against
Tibetan institutions.