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# WARO
**WARO** (94.5 MHz \"Arrow 94.5\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Naples, Florida, and broadcasting to the Fort Myers-Naples area of Southwest Florida. It is owned by Sun Broadcasting and it airs a classic rock radio format. The studios and offices are on Palm Beach Boulevard (Florida State Road 80) in Fort Myers, near the Caloosahatchee River.
WARO is a Class C0 FM station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter is on Radio Tower Road in Bonita Springs, east of Interstate 75.
## History
### Beautiful music {#beautiful_music}
The station signed on the air on May 8, 1962. Its original call sign was WNFM and it was the FM sister station to WNOG 1270 AM (now deleted). WNFM and WNOG were owned by Radio Naples, Inc. WNFM was only powered at 5,400 watts, a fraction of its current output. That limited its signal to Naples and adjacent communities.
At first, WNFM mostly simulcast the programming on WNOG. After a few years, it began airing its own automated beautiful music format, playing quarter-hour sweeps of soft instrumental music. In 1969, WNOG and WNFM were acquired by Palmer Broadcasting. By the 1970s, WNFM got a boost in power to 100,000 watts. It changed its call letters to WCVU, standing for \"Sea View\" but not related to today\'s WCVU 104.9, owned by iHeartMedia.
### Soft AC, 1970s hits, classic rock {#soft_ac_1970s_hits_classic_rock}
By the 1980s, the easy listening format was aging. The station added more soft vocals and cut back on instrumentals. It eventually made the transition to soft adult contemporary. In the early 1990s, management decided to flip 94.5 FM to all-1970s hits.
In 1994, the format evolved to a mix of 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s classic hits and classic rock. The station changed its call letters, first to WRAO, then two months later to WARO. WARO called itself \"Arrow 94.5\" which stood for \"All Rock and Roll Oldies\". This lasted until approximately 2003 when the format moved to a mainstream classic rock sound.
In 1996, WNOG and WCVU were acquired by Meridian Broadcasting, Inc. On January 27, 2012, Meridian Broadcasting changed its name to Sun Broadcasting, Inc
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# HMS Bentinck
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name **HMS *Bentinck***, named in honor of John Bentinck:
- was an iron paddle vessel launched in 1832. She was commanded by Richard Collinson and used to survey significant portions of the China Coast. She was purchased in 1842 and renamed `{{HMS|Plover}}`{=mediawiki}. She was put up for sale in 1855.
- HMS *Bentinck* was to have been a `{{sclass2|Captain|frigate}}`{=mediawiki}, built by the United States under Lend-lease. She was launched in 1942 but was retained as the `{{sclass|Evarts|destroyer escort}}`{=mediawiki} `{{USS|Brennan|DE-13|6}}`{=mediawiki}.
- was a Captain-class frigate launched in 1943 and returned to the US Navy in 1946
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# Pawnee High School
**Pawnee High School** is part of the public school system located in Pawnee, Oklahoma.
There are three schools in the system: an elementary school, a middle school and a high school. The school colors are red, white, and black. The mascot for the high school, middle school, and elementary school mascot is the Black Bear (Bruno).
As of 2023, the superintendent is Stacy Womack, and the principal is Tammy Hixon.
## History
Early builders used native sandstone to construct the first school buildings. The original Pawnee High School had only eight classrooms. Local contractor T.M. Grant, completed it in 1900. A three-story building replaced this structure April 1912. It held first- through twelfth-grade classrooms, administration offices, a 700-seat auditorium, and a gymnasium. So large and imposing, it was known locally as the Capitol Building and served the community until 1962.
The school published its first yearbook in 1919. A student who worked on it, Chester Gould, became famous for creating the Dick Tracy comic strip in the 1930s.
In 1943, the Works Project Administration built a new elementary school using rocks from the first school building. Reflecting the segregationist politices of the era, the community built a separate school for African American students in September 1948.
In 1972, Pawnee joined with the Morrison, Glencoe, Stillwater, Mulhall-Orlando, and Guthrie school districts to form a vocational-technical school to help students pursue vocational trades after high school. Meridian Technology Center continues to serve these communities.
The newest building project for the Pawnee Public School system is the 8,000-square-foot domed tornado shelter located in the middle of the elementary school campus. Completed in early 2015, the shelter can fit the entire school population of more than 1,000 people.
## Present day {#present_day}
Currently, the school system includes an elementary school for kindergarten through fifth grade, a middle school for grades six through eight, and a high school for grades nine through twelve
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# Mister C's
C}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox Restaurant
| name = Mister C's Steakhouse
| image = Mister C's Restaurant Front Entrance.jpg
| image_caption = Mister C's front entrance on N. 30th St.
| slogan =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| established = 1953
| current-owner = Yano and Mary Caniglia
| head-chef =
| food-type = [[Italian cuisine|Southern Italian]]
| dress-code =
| rating =
| street-address = 5319 North 30th Street
| city = [[Omaha]]
| state = [[Nebraska]]
| zip = 68111
| country = USA
| seating-capacity =
| reservations =
| other-locations =
| other-information = Closed in 2007
| website = {{URL|www.mistercs.com}}
}}`{=mediawiki} **Mister C\'s Steak House** was a landmark Italian restaurant located at 5319 North 30th Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. After operating for almost 55 years, the restaurant closed September 30, 2007. The mayor of Omaha and Omaha City Council declared September 18, 2007, \"Mister C and Mary Caniglia Day\" in honor of the owners\' service to the city through the restaurant. The North Omaha Commercial Club also honored them.
## History
Sebastiano \"Yano\" Caniglia\'s family came to Little Italy, south of downtown Omaha, Nebraska, from Carlentini, Sicily, in the early 1900s. In 1946, after working in the family bakery for several years, Caniglia pooled his money together with his four brothers to transform the family bakery business into Caniglia\'s Pizzeria. In 1953 Sebastiano Caniglia left the family business to buy a drive-in in North Omaha. It was called Caniglia\'s Royal Boy Drive-In, but Caniglia started adding sit-down seating in the 1950s and closed the drive-in portion in 1970. In 1971 he renamed the restaurant \"Mister C\'s\", which became his nickname, too. It was always a family partnership, with his wife Mary and their children, Larry, Tom, and David who all worked in the restaurant at one time.
The other Caniglia brothers went on to open several successful restaurants, as well. Ventures included a range of styles and price points, from the Palazzo Italiano at 84th and West Center, Lou Caniglia's Steak House & Little Luigi's Tower of Pizza at 88th and Maple, to \"The Top of The World\" at the Woodmen Tower and Piccolo Pete's Restaurant on South 20th Street. In 1988 Mister C\'s was cited by an industry magazine as one of the USA\'s leading independent restaurants within its income bracket of \$6 to \$7 million in annual sales.
The restaurant and its owners were widely regarded as important contributors to the local community; it was a gathering place for students and their families from Omaha North High School, a place of weddings and parties. Mary Caniglia said that Mister C\'s would close in the fall of 2007, and that she and her husband would retire then.
## Food and environment {#food_and_environment}
thumb\|left thumb\|right\|250px\|Piazza di Maria Described as a \"required place to visit\" in Omaha by the *Fort Worth Star-Telegram*, the restaurant was regarded highly for its Italian cuisine and ambiance. Features of the restaurant included holiday lights throughout the main dining area, a 3-D panorama (that now resides at [The Durham Museum](https://durhammuseum.org/)) featuring local notables and the Piazza di Maria an outdoor Italian themed courtyard. Many items were made available for public purchase before the building would be razed. Mister C\'s property was purchased by [White Lotus Group](http://www.whitelotusgroup.com) in 2013. A new five-story, 113,000-square-foot mixed-use building called \"30 Metro\" now stands in place of the beloved Mister C\'s restaurant. 30 Metro features 110 affordable apartment units, a Charles Drew health clinic, a T-Mobile and there is still 3,000 square feet of commercial space available.
## Current
thumb\|Mister C\'s spaghetti sauce 33 ounces thumb\|Mister C\'s Italian Dressing, 16 ounce From 1988 to present Mister C\'s has produced its famous spaghetti sauce and Italian dressing, dba Mister C's Wholesale Foods Incorporated
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# Melissa Bulow
**Melissa Jane Bulow** (born 13 June 1980) is an Australian cricketer. She has appeared in two Test matches, 19 One Day Internationals and 2 Twenty20 Internationals for her country.
She announced her retirement from international cricket in November 2012. Bulow is the 149th woman to play Test cricket for Australia, and the 98th woman to play One Day International cricket for Australia
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# Visas and Virtue
***Visas and Virtue*** is a 1997 narrative short film directed by Chris Tashima and starring Chris Tashima, Susan Fukuda, Diana Georger and Lawrence Craig. It was inspired by the true story of Holocaust rescuer Chiune \"Sempo\" Sugihara, who is known as \"The Japanese Schindler\". Sugihara issued over 2,000 transit visas to Polish and Lithuanian Jews from his consulate in Kaunas, Lithuania, in August 1940, in defiance of his own government (Japan), thereby allowing an estimated 6,000 individuals to escape the impending Holocaust.
## Background
This film is a dramatization (docu-drama) and contains fictional characters and events. It is not a documentary. It is based on an original one-act play by Tim Toyama, which was performed at The Road Theatre Company in Los Angeles in 1995. The play was then adapted by actor/director Chris Tashima in 1996, and completed as a 26-minute film in 1997. The film was produced by Cedar Grove Productions with Visual Communications serving as non-profit sponsor.
*Visas and Virtue* won the Oscar for Best Live Action Short Film in March, 1998 (70th Academy Awards). The Oscar statuettes went to actor and director Tashima and producer Chris Donahue.
## Synopsis
Haunted by the sight of hundreds of Jewish refugees outside the consulate gates, a Japanese diplomat and his wife, stationed in Kaunas, Lithuania, at the beginning of World War II, must decide how much they are willing to risk. Inspired by a true story, *Visas and Virtue* explores the moral and professional dilemmas that Consul General Chiune \"Sempo\" Sugihara faces in making a life or death decision: defy his own government\'s direct orders and risk his career, by issuing life-saving transit visas, or obey orders and turn his back on humanity.
## Cast
- Chris Tashima as Chiune \"Sempo\" Sugihara
- Susan Fukuda as Yukiko Sugihara
- Diana Georger as Helena Rosen
- Lawrence Craig as Nathan Rosen
- Shizuko Hoshi as Narrator
### Japan, 1985 {#japan_1985}
- Mitsushi Yamaguchi as Elderly Sempo
- Kyoko Motoyama as Elderly Yuki
### Lithuania, 1940 {#lithuania_1940}
- Colm Wood as Student #1
- Eric Gugisch as German Officer
- Alan H
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# Chamitataxus
***Chamitataxus*** is a prehistoric badger genus. ***Chamitataxus avitus*** is the only known species of the genus. *Chamitataxus* lived during the Late Miocene, around 6 million years ago in what is now North America. Out of the three taxideine badger genera to have existed on the continent, *Chamitataxus* is the most primitive. Very few taxideine badger remains have been uncovered to date, with only prehistoric *Taxidea* and *Pliotaxidea* specimens being discovered prior to the *Chamitataxus* holotype being found.
## Description
*Chamitataxus* is known only from a single holotype found in 1935, which consists of a nearly complete skull. The holotype was discovered in a quarry not far from Lyden, New Mexico, where the prehistoric herbivore *Osbornoceros* was also discovered. *Chamitataxus* was named after the rock formation it was discovered in, the Chamita Formation. Due to the relative lack of *Chamitataxus* specimens, much of the research into the genus is based upon research into better-represented taxa related to *Chamitataxus*, such as *Taxidea*, the modern American badger, which also existed in the Late Miocene.
*Chamitataxus* was fairly similar to its modern-day relatives in most respects; it was a carnivore and judging from the skull found, it looked fairly similar. However, because so little of *Chamitataxus* has been found, estimating its size and other features is impossible; much is unknown about the genus. *Chamitataxus* had a very good sense of smell and had a firm grip like its modern equivalent and this enabled *Chamitataxus* to kill burrowing animals with a bite to the neck. Like other mammals, *Chamitataxus* excelled at hearing low-frequency noises, which it could hear at a long distance. Overall, *Chamitataxus* was an expert hunter based on scientists\'`{{who|date=December 2019}}`{=mediawiki} findings, and was able to prey on many different types of land-dwelling creatures during the Miocene
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# The Black Angels (EP)
***The Black Angels*** is the eponymous debut EP released by psychedelic rock band The Black Angels in October 2005 on the Light In The Attic Records label.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Black Grease\" - 4:35
2. \"The First Vietnamese War\" - 3:33
3. \"Winter \'68\" - 2:41
4. \"Manipulation\" - 5:57
## Appearances
- \"Black Grease\" is heard on the fictional radio station Vinewood Boulevard Radio in the 2013 action-adventure video game *Grand Theft Auto V*.
- \"The First Vietnamese War\" was featured in the 2012 third-person shooter video game *Spec Ops: The Line*
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# Ryan Le Loux
**Ryan Nicholas Le Loux** (born 30 April 1984) in Darlinghurst, Sydney. He is an Australian cricketer who played for the Queensland Bulls in the Pura Cup in 2005.
He was the overseas player for Dutch Premier League team Voorburg Cricket Club in 2006 and 2007. He is also the current club captain of the Redlands Tigers in the Brisbane grade competition. In 2007, he set the record for highest individual score in a Brisbane first grade match of 302 against Beenleigh-Logan, overhauling the previous mark of 300 set by Sandgate-Redcliffe\'s Matthew Goggin in the 2002/03 season.
In November 2005 he acted at the twelfth man for the Australia national cricket team in a Test match against the West Indies
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
Preston North End is an English football club in Preston, Lancashire which traces its origins to a local cricket club formed c.1863. This club moved to Deepdale in January 1875. They started playing football as a winter activity in 1878 and, in May 1880, took the decision to focus on football. Progress was rapid and the club became professional in 1883. They were a founder member of the Football League in 1888 and won the first two league championships in 1888--89 and 1889--90. Their team in 1888--89 also won the FA Cup and so became the first to achieve \"The Double\" in English football. In addition, the team was unbeaten in all first-class matches played that season and are famously remembered as \"The Old Invincibles\". Preston have had a chequered existence since 1890 and have won only one more major trophy, the 1937--38 FA Cup, when Bill Shankly was a key member of the team.
Preston\'s greatest player was Tom Finney who joined the club as a teenager in 1938. His first team debut was delayed until 1946 by the Second World War but he played for Preston until he retired in 1960. He made 76 international appearances from 1946 to 1958 and is remembered as one of football\'s greatest-ever players. A year after Finney retired, Preston were relegated to the Second Division and, since then, have not yet returned to top flight English football.
Preston had a memorable season in 1963--64 when, managed by former player Jimmy Milne, they reached the 1964 FA Cup Final and finished third in the Second Division. They were first relegated to the Third Division after the 1969--70 season. Although they won promotion again immediately, the team have spent 28 of the 49 seasons since 1970 in the bottom two divisions, including a span of nineteen seasons from 1981--82 to 1999--2000. The club experienced a near-terminal decline in the 1980s which brought about the very real threat of closure, the nadir being the 1985--86 season when they finished 23rd in the Fourth Division and had to seek re-election to the league. They recovered and won promotion back to the Third Division only a year later but it was a false dawn as the team spent another three years in the bottom division from 1993 to 1996. The club finally began to recover and move forward after a takeover by BAXI in 1994 but their ownership ended in June 2002. The team was established at second tier level through the 2000s but more problems arose at the end of the decade with an Inland Revenue winding-up order in 2010 and relegation to the third tier in 2011. The taxation issue was resolved by local businessman Trevor Hemmings, already a shareholder, who bought a controlling interest in June 2010. The team were promoted again in 2015 and have been well-placed in the EFL Championship since then.
Deepdale has been a football venue from 1878 and is the world\'s oldest football ground in terms of continuous use by a club in a major league. When BAXI took control, they embarked on an investment programme which had the main goal of upgrading Deepdale into a modern stadium. The old ground was demolished and rebuilt in four stages and the last of the new stands was opened in 2008. Part of the redevelopment was the original National Football Museum which opened at Deepdale in 2001, though it closed in 2010 due to funding issues and was relocated to Manchester in 2012.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## Early days (1863 to 1886) {#early_days_1863_to_1886}
### Origin as a cricket team {#origin_as_a_cricket_team}
The club\'s origin has been traced to a cricket team that was founded c.1863 in Preston and was linked to the Wellfield Road School. At first, this team played on a strip of land called \"The Marsh\", on the Ribble Estuary at Ashton-on-Ribble, which is now a suburb in the western part of the town. In 1863, some team members proposed a move to Moor Park, where Preston Corporation had opened new playing fields. This caused a split but those in favour of the move went anyway and formed Preston North End Cricket Club, so called because Moor Park is on the north side of town. The first club president was George Howarth. On 3 August 1867, William Sudell, then aged sixteen, became a member.
### Foundation of the football club {#foundation_of_the_football_club}
The club had ongoing financial difficulties but managed to keep going and, in spite of their problems, decided on 21 January 1875 to take lease on a field at Deepdale Farm. Partly to try and earn extra income and partly to have a fitness activity through the winter months, the club formed a rugby team in 1877--78. This was not a success and they turned to association football in 1878--79. Their earliest known match took place on 5 October 1878 against Eagley F.C. and Preston lost 0--1. It was played at Deepdale which has thus become the world\'s oldest football ground in continuous use by a major league club (the second oldest is Turf Moor, first used by Burnley on 17 February 1883). Preston\'s team in the match against Eagley was: W. Sudell, W. Turner, J. Sefton, T. Charnley, T. Wadeson, J. Wadeson, C. Miller, T. Parkinson, J. F. Dodgson, R. Green and H. S. Carmel (captain).
In May 1880, aware of the success of other Lancashire football teams, team captain Harry Carmel proposed the formal establishment of the football club. Support was unanimous. The new club is known to have played ten games in the 1880--81 season, including one on 26 March 1881 against Blackburn Rovers in which Preston were beaten 10--0. The club continued to play cricket in summer but the members were in no doubt that football was the club\'s future.
### Professionalism (1881--1886) {#professionalism_18811886}
Over the next few years, Deepdale gradually improved its facilities and increased in size. Football had become a major attraction in the town and Sudell, who was now the man at the helm of the club, had a vision of how to make Preston North End the best team in England.
Sudell\'s plan was to \'import\' top players from other areas, primarily Scotland - which provided talent for many English clubs of the time in the form of the Scotch Professors. The identity of the club\'s first Scottish player was James McDade who \"turned up in Preston and began to educate the locals\". He travelled South from the Neilston area of Glasgow and was living in Preston in 1881. At the outset he was one of the club\'s best players, he turned out in the team against Astley Bridge in November 1880 and was a member of the team through 1881 and 1882. Since he was coming to the end of his career his main influence was as North End\'s first coach and strategist. Other Scots were to follow and they were to be rewarded by being paid match fees and being \'accommodated\' with highly paid work in the Preston area, a practice which was not uncommon among the Lancashire clubs.
This led to accusations of professionalism from Preston\'s rivals. In 1884 for instance, Upton Park, who arrived at Deepdale for a FA Cup tie, complained to the Football Association that their opponents had fielded a team packed with Scottish professionals. North End withdrew from the tournament, but a threat from thirty-six northern teams to break away and form a rival football association forced the FA to legalise professionalism in 1885.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## Halcyon days (1886 to 1893) {#halcyon_days_1886_to_1893}
### 1886 to 1888 {#to_1888}
This period saw the development and supremacy of a team that became famous as \"The Old Invincibles\". The players were mostly recruited from north of the border as was the case with Nick Ross, his younger brother Jimmy Ross, David Russell, John Goodall and Geordie Drummond. There were some local players, such as full back Bob Holmes and winger Fred Dewhurst.
During this time, Preston beat Hyde 26--0 in the first round of the FA Cup in 1887--88, which to this day remains an English first-class football record.
They played Hibernian F.C. in 1887 World Championship losing 2--1 in Edinburgh.
### Champions (1888--90) {#champions_188890}
The Football League was founded in 1888; North End were one of the founder members and went on to make history. In the League\'s first season (1888--89), North End were inaugural league champions, achieving the feat without losing a match. On top of this, they completed the league and cup \'Double\', winning the FA Cup without conceding a single goal, defeating Wolverhampton Wanderers 3--0 in the final. Preston were the first club to achieve the league and cup \"Double\" and they did so with a majority of their team being made up of *\"Scotch Professors\"* - as the professional Scottish players of the time were known.
In 1889--90 Sudell\'s team repeated the feat in the League, but it wasn\'t long before rival teams improved. Despite many close calls, North End would never match The Old Invincibles\' feat by winning the Football League Championship again.
### 1890 to 1893 {#to_1893}
Despite the Old Invincibles team being gradually dismantled, Preston continued to perform well in the league, finishing runners-up first to Everton and then twice in succession to Sunderland. In 1892--93 a second division was initiated, along with the first ever promotion/relegation \'play-off\' system. This meant that the top three in Division Two would each play a one-off \'test match\' against a team finishing in the bottom three in the top flight.
In the 1892--93 FA Cup, Preston reached the semi-finals and were drawn against Everton, the tie to be played at Bramall Lane. It was a 2--2 draw and a replay was necessary. This took place at Ewood Park and was goalless. A second replay was arranged at Trent Bridge and this time Preston lost 1--2.
## 1893 to 1904 {#to_1904}
### First Division (1893--1901) {#first_division_18931901}
In 1893--94 Preston plummeted down the league to finish third from bottom (14th), requiring them to beat Notts County in the end-of-season test match to retain their top-flight status. This they did, defeating the Magpies 4--0 at Deepdale.
This era saw the transfer of some of the club\'s better players. Nick Ross signed for Everton, John Goodall went to Derby County and Thomson to Wolves.
However, two more significant events were rather more tragic for the club. First, in 1893 William Sudell lost his control of the club and it was established as a limited liability company.
Then two of the Old Invincibles died at early ages. Firstly, Nick Ross, who had returned to Deepdale from Everton after only one year, succumbed to Tuberculosis. Then, Fred Dewhurst died.
### Second Division (1901--1904) {#second_division_19011904}
North End were finally relegated in 1901. They were Second Division champions in 1903--04 and gained promotion back to the top flight.
## 1904 to 1915 {#to_1915}
Deepdale was enlarged to accommodate larger attendances as football nationwide increased in popularity. Among Preston\'s players at this time were centre-half Joe McCall, Peter McBride (who is second only to Alan Kelly Sr. in the list of North End\'s record league appearance makers with 443) and winger Dickie Bond.
### 1904--06
Preston finished as runners-up to Liverpool in 1905--06.
### 1906--11 {#section_1}
Preston dropped down the First Division table and their best performance in this period was finishing tenth in 1908--09.
### \"Yo-yo\" seasons (1911--15) {#yo_yo_seasons_191115}
Preston were relegated in 1911--12 but immediately bounced back by winning the Second Division championship for the second time in 1912--13. They were still not good enough for the First Division and were immediately re-relegated in 1913--14. Despite the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the 1914--15 season was completed and Preston finished second to regain immediate promotion but it would be more than four years before they could return to the First Division.
The onset of war eventually brought a halt to British football in the country and many players enlisted in the armed forces. A Footballers\' Battalion was formed in December 1914 and grounds were used as volunteering points.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## 1919 to 1930 {#to_1930}
### Division One (1919--25) {#division_one_191925}
Despite the fact that several regional competitions ran during the First World War, it was not until September 1919 that English league football returned.
North End struggled for the most part of the inter-war period, with the club finishing first 19th and then 16th for three consecutive seasons before finally being relegated in 1924--25.
Relegation coincided with the man who had been at the helm of the club, James Isherwood Taylor, being banned from the club by the FA after he had made illegal approaches for players, although he returned in 1925. Taylor arrived on the board in 1912, and became an increasingly influential figurehead at Deepdale, at a time when many other clubs were beginning to employ specialist team managers.
### Division Two (1925--30) {#division_two_192530}
Despite lean times in the league, North End very nearly experienced glory in the FA Cup. After reaching the semi-finals in 1921, they went one better a year later by qualifying to face Huddersfield Town in the final at Stamford Bridge - the last one before the opening of Wembley Stadium. In a poor game, Billy Smith was felled on the edge of the North End box, and despite fierce protests, the referee signalled for a spot-kick. Smith converted, despite the best efforts of bespectacled goalkeeper J.F. Mitchell to put him off by jumping up and down on his line. The cup was lost.
Unlike before the war, North End found it extremely difficult to bounce back to the top flight. In their first season in League Division Two they finished 12th, followed by 6th, 4th, 13th and 16th in 1929--30.
## 1930 to 1939 {#to_1939}
### Division Two (1930--34) {#division_two_193034}
It was not until 1934 that Preston finally returned to Division One, finishing runners-up behind Grimsby Town in 1933--34. This was Bill Shankly\'s first season after being signed from Carlisle United in May 1933.
At many points during the club\'s nine seasons in Division Two, relegation seemed quite likely. However, Taylor averted this potential disaster by signing two forwards from Tottenham Hotspur in the shape of Ted Harper and Dick Rowley in the winter of 1931. In 1932--33, Harper scored 37 goals, a club record which still stands.
During this period, Taylor also made some notable improvements to the ground. The Pavilion Stand was opened in 1934, housing offices, dressing rooms, boardroom and guest rooms.
### Division One (1934--39) {#division_one_193439}
On the pitch, the policy of signing players from north of the border continued. Jimmy Milne and Shankly would both prove great servants to the club. With this new injection of talent, Preston once again began to prosper - performing admirably in the First Division and reaching the FA Cup final in 1938.
### FA Cup (1937--38) {#fa_cup_193738}
Again, the opponents were Huddersfield Town, with the outcome again decided by a penalty, George Mutch firing into the roof of the net after being unfairly challenged by Terriers defender Alf Young in the last minute of extra time. This was the last time North End won a major domestic trophy.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## The Tom Finney era (1946 to 1961) {#the_tom_finney_era_1946_to_1961}
### First Division (1946--1949) {#first_division_19461949}
Although football continued through the war, Tom Finney was 24 years old when he made his official league debut for North End. However, many of the older Lilywhites\' players had retired, having been deprived of eight years of their careers. Three North End players, Jack Owen, Percival Taylor and David Willacy were killed during the war.
### Second Division (1949--1951) {#second_division_19491951}
Despite the setback of relegation in 1949, they bounced back within two seasons, setting themselves up for a prosperous time in the 1950s. However, they failed to win any further major domestic honours despite coming close on several occasions.
### First Division (1951--1956) {#first_division_19511956}
Much is made of Finney\'s unstinting loyalty to the club and town, but in 1952 North End came agonisingly close to losing their greatest-ever player. English players moving to play abroad had hitherto been unheard of, but the decision of England international Neil Franklin to sign for Bogotá in Colombia in 1950 suggested that First Division stars were indeed attainable.
With this in mind, the Italian club Palermo offered Finney a signing on fee of £10,000, a basic salary of £130 per month, bonuses, a villa and a car. The signing on fee alone represented around ten years of earnings in English football. Finney urged the board to consider allowing him to speak to them, but his request was rejected.
Despite this, Finney continued to play for the club, and the following year he almost reaped his reward. With two games remaining of the 1952/53 season, North End were locked in a three-way title battle with Arsenal and Wolves. As Wolves lost form at the crucial moment, Preston defeated the Gunners 2--0 at Deepdale.
After another win over Derby County in midweek, it all came down to Arsenal\'s match against Burnley on the Friday. Arsenal won 3--2, pipping the Lilywhites to the First Division championship by a slender 0.1 of a goal.
A devastated North End managed to bounce back the following season, however. Despite finishing eleventh in the league, they reached the FA Cup final, where they would face West Bromwich Albion. and lost 3--2.
At one stage in the Wembley showpiece, North End led 2--1 thanks to goals from Angus Morrison and Charlie Wayman. A penalty conceded by Tommy Docherty and a late goal from Frank Griffin who slipped the ball under goalkeeper George Thompson turned the game, and for the second time in two seasons Preston were English football\'s nearly men.
### Cliff Britton, manager (1956--1961) {#cliff_britton_manager_19561961}
For the rest of the decade, the Tom Finney-inspired outfit entertained crowds up and down the country with fast, attacking football.
In 1960, with injuries beginning to get the better of him, Finney made the decision to retire. He played his last game in front of almost 30,000 supporters after a 2--0 victory over Luton Town. Fears that the end of Finney\'s playing career would prompt a downturn in the club\'s fortunes proved justified when they were relegated the following season. Britton resigned. Preston North End have not yet returned to the top flight of English football.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## 1961 to 1970 {#to_1970}
### Jimmy Milne, manager (1961--1968) {#jimmy_milne_manager_19611968}
As Dave Russell points out in his book *Preston North End: 100 Years in the Football League*, one event took place in this period which would make it virtually impossible for North End to find the wages to compete with the elite in attracting top players. In 1960, the PFA, led by Jimmy Hill voted overwhelmingly to go on strike in an attempt to see the abolition of the maximum wage. When the Football League finally relented, wages increased greatly, and young players developed by the smaller clubs as a way around this difficulty were lured away or sold in order to reduce debts.
However, North End still managed to reach the FA Cup Final in 1964. Their opponents this time were to be West Ham United, who contained future World Cup winners Bobby Moore and Geoff Hurst. Considering the Lilywhites\' Second Division status, they started the game as clear underdogs. Despite this, and containing the youngest player in FA Cup Final history in seventeen-year-old Howard Kendall, Jimmy Milne\'s side looked the likely winners for long periods, taking the lead twice through Doug Holden and Alex Dawson. However West Ham proved too strong in the end and a last-minute winner by Ronnie Boyce saw the Londoners home 3--2.
### Bobby Seith, manager (1968--1970) {#bobby_seith_manager_19681970}
Following the cup final defeat, the sales of Kendall, Dawson and Dave Wilson saw the club relegated to the Third Division for the first time in its history in 1970 after a defeat by local rivals Blackpool, who in the process confirmed their own promotion.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## 1970 to 1981 {#to_1981}
### Alan Ball, manager (1970--1973) {#alan_ball_manager_19701973}
New manager Alan Ball senior ensured that North End bounced straight back up as champions. Promotion was secured after Easter with a Ricky Heppolette goal in a 1--0 victory over the then-leaders Fulham. Preston struggled in the Second Division and narrowly avoided relegation in both 1972 and 1973. Ball left in 1973 and was succeeded by Bobby Charlton.
### Bobby Charlton, manager (1973--1975) {#bobby_charlton_manager_19731975}
The club was relegated under Bobby Charlton in 1973--74 and finished ninth in 1974--75. Charlton then resigned in protest over the sale of John Bird to Newcastle United
### Harry Catterick, manager (1975--1977) {#harry_catterick_manager_19751977}
Harry Catterick, the former Everton manager, took over for two seasons in which the team finished eighth and sixth. In the first round of the 1977 FA Cup, Preston needed two replays to dispose of Crewe Alexandra. The original tie at Gresty Road was drawn 1--1 and the first replay at Deepdale 2--2. The decider was held at Anfield and Preston won 3--0. It was all to no avail as they lost 1--0 to Halifax Town at The Shay in the second round.
### Nobby Stiles, manager (1977--1981) {#nobby_stiles_manager_19771981}
Promotion was won under Nobby Stiles in 1977--78, inspired by the likes of goalkeeper Roy Tunks, defender Mick Baxter, midfielder Gordon Coleman and the dynamic strike force of Alex Bruce and Mike Elwiss. At the same time the emerging Michael Robinson was sold for a club record fee of £765,000 to Manchester City, whilst Alan Spavin retired.
In 1980--81, Preston were relegated back to the Third Division in 20th place (on goal difference). Many players left the club along with manager Stiles after the end of the season, new manager Tommy Docherty making wholesale changes. These were not for the better and the events of the early 1980s would take the club perilously close to destruction.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## Hard times (1981 to 1995) {#hard_times_1981_to_1995}
### Third Division (1981--1985) {#third_division_19811985}
Docherty\'s short spell in charge ended when he was sacked in early December 1981 after leading his side to just three wins in 17 league games.
Docherty had brought in a clutch of players including Tommy Booth and Gary Buckley from Manchester City, Jonathan Clark from Derby County and John Kelly from Tranmere Rovers. A 4--1 FA Cup defeat at Chesterfield`{{Specify|date=December 2006}}`{=mediawiki} saw \'The Doc\' replaced by Alan Kelly (on a caretaker basis), before former Everton boss Gordon Lee joined in December 1981.
Lee improved the team\'s results, avoiding a catastrophic drop to the basement division by a considerable margin. Amongst the players the manager brought in was loan goalkeeper Martin Hodge.
The next season, 1982--83, started with a Steve Elliott hat-trick defeating Millwall 3--2. However, North End\'s form soon collapsed, leaving them in danger of relegation, until a run of 9 wins from their last 13 games catapulted them into 16th position.
Following this Alan Kelly again took charge, but the sale of star striker Elliott left the side short of goals, whilst conceding numerous goals. 1984--85 saw North End relegated, shipping exactly 100 goals. The side\'s top league goalscorer was John Kelly with a paltry seven.
### Fourth Division and re-election (1985--86) {#fourth_division_and_re_election_198586}
North End\'s first ever season in Division Four saw further reverses for the club. Tommy Booth had taken over from Kelly during the latter stages of the previous season, bringing former Manchester United player Brian Kidd in as his assistant. Despite an impressive 4--0 win over Torquay United in September, things gradually degenerated, culminating in a 7--3 cup defeat at the hands of Walsall.
Booth soon resigned and Kidd took the reins, but things failed to improve. His record was one win in 17 matches when he too resigned, leaving midfielder Jonathan Clark in charge. He won five games on the trot in March 1986, but by then it was too late. North End had hit the depths, finishing 23rd and being forced to apply for re-election.
After a successful re-election hearing it was all change at Deepdale the following year, with a new synthetic surface being laid in an attempt to bring extra revenue into the club.
### John McGrath, manager (1986--1990) {#john_mcgrath_manager_19861990}
The plan seemed to work, as North End, under new manager John McGrath, stormed to promotion in 1986--87 after finishing second in Division Four behind Northampton Town. The team\'s home form was superb as the opposition appeared to find it difficult to adapt to the new pitch, and McGrath\'s new recruits, journeymen such as Sam Allardyce, Oshor Williams, Gary Swann, Ronnie Hildersley and Les Chapman made them an extremely hard team to beat.
In addition, the club reached the fourth round of the FA Cup, defeating Bury, Chorley and Middlesbrough before succumbing to Newcastle United.
Promotion was achieved with four matches to spare, Chapman\'s winning goal at Orient securing a return to Division Three. John Thomas finished as top scorer with 21 league goals, aided superbly by Gary Brazil.
The next season, 1987--88, was one of consolidation, McGrath bringing in new boys Tony Ellis and Brian Mooney.
1988--89 almost saw a return to Division Two, as North End finished 6th, only to lose 4--2 to Port Vale in the two-legged play-off semi-final. Unfortunately, the manager who had resuscitated the club began to struggle and a 2--0 FA Cup reverse at non-league side Whitley Bay proved to be the final straw in February 1990.
### Les Chapman, manager (1990--1992) {#les_chapman_manager_19901992}
His successor Les Chapman was appointed on 17 February 1990 and the team managed to avoid relegation, finishing nineteenth. Chapman was not helped by the perennial problems of a lack of funds and the sale of more first-team players including Ellis, Mooney and Ian Bogie. As a result, he struggled to move the team forward and Preston\'s mediocre league form continued through the next two seasons, eventually leading to his dismissal on 29 September 1992. The team finished seventeenth in both 1990--91 and 1991--92.
### John Beck and Gary Peters (1992--1995) {#john_beck_and_gary_peters_19921995}
The board chose to appoint John Beck as manager on 7 December 1992 and he brought in Gary Peters as his assistant. Beck made wholesale changes which included laying generous amounts of sand onto the flanks of the plastic pitch. The team at one stage looked to be safe from relegation but a disastrous run of five successive defeats took the club back into the fourth tier, now called League Three. Beck\'s long-ball tactics were controversial. Even so, the team finished fifth in 1993--94 and reached the League Three play-off final at Wembley, but they lost 4--2 to Martin O\'Neill\'s Wycombe Wanderers.
In the summer of 1994, the plastic pitch was removed by order of the Football League and the club was taken over by BAXI, producers of heating systems, who have a large manufacturing and testing facility in Preston. BAXI\'s chief executive Bryan Gray became club chairman. One of the first announcements by the new board was that Deepdale, until then a dilapidated stadium owned by Preston Council, would be upgraded into a modern stadium. This was made possible by the injection of extra funds by BAXI and from a subsequent new share issue. Work began the following year with the demolition of the old West Stand which stood on the Deepdale Road side of the ground. It was replaced by the Sir Tom Finney Stand at a cost of over £4 million.
In Preston\'s first game back on grass, they defeated Lincoln City 4--0. Despite early promise, a run of seven successive league losses saw the fans turn against the manager and, on 1 December 1994, Beck stepped down to make way for Peters, who implemented a passing game and turned things around so that the team again finished in fifth place. Peters was aided by the young David Beckham, who joined the club from Manchester United on a month-long loan spell and scored two goals in his five appearances. In the 1995 play-offs, Preston lost 2--0 on aggregate to Bury in the semi-final.
### Out of the fourth tier (1995--1997) {#out_of_the_fourth_tier_19951997}
Andy Saville, a much-travelled striker, was signed from Birmingham City for £100,000, whilst Steve Wilkinson was acquired for £80,000 from Mansfield Town to partner him. Despite losing their first game of the 1995--96 season 2--1 at home to Lincoln City, North End then embarked on a 21-match unbeaten run, which included a 6--0 drubbing of Mansfield, in which Saville and Wilkinson each bagged a hat-trick.
In all, Saville finished the 1995--96 season with 29 league goals with Wilkinson and midfielder Simon Davey notching ten apiece. The Third Division championship was secured in late April with a 2--0 win at Hartlepool. The brand new 8,000 seater Tom Finney Stand was opened for the visit of Darlington on 16 March 1996.
Gary Peters kept faith with the majority of his promotion winning outfit, reinforcing his squad at various stages of the following season with players who would be crucial to the club\'s success in subsequent campaigns. Mark Rankine joined from Wolves, Sean Gregan from Darlington for £350,000 and Michael Jackson from Bury. Slowly the team that had got North End promoted were moved on, as the club looked to build for the future.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## Hard times (1981 to 1995) {#hard_times_1981_to_1995}
### David Moyes, manager (1998--2002) {#david_moyes_manager_19982002}
In 1997--98, a very inconsistent period of form saw the club move Peters to a new position as Director as the Centre of Excellence and replace him with assistant manager David Moyes, who was formally appointed on 12 January 1998. Moyes, who had been an excellent servant at centre-half for the previous few seasons, immediately injected a new zest into his side and the club eventually finished in 15th position, nine points above the relegation zone.
Meanwhile, work on Deepdale was continuing and the Bill Shankly Kop was opened in 1998 at the Blackpool Road (north) end of the ground. The next stage was demolition of the old Town End terrace, behind the goal at the south end, to be replaced by the Alan Kelly Town End stand, which opened in 2001.
In 1998--99, Preston came close to promotion but injuries to key players towards the end of the campaign saw them defeated in the play-offs by a determined Gillingham side. 1998--99 also saw the club lose out in an epic Deepdale FA Cup tie at home to Arsenal in the third round. Kurt Nogan scored two first-half goals, until the Gunners fought back (aided by a sending-off for David Eyres) to win 4--2.
In 2000, Preston North End finally made their return to the second tier of the Football League, after an absence of nineteen seasons. Jon Macken, whom Gary Peters had signed from Manchester United two years previously, had a storming season scoring 22 league goals, his flair being reinforced by the team\'s solid spine of Teuvo Moilanen in goal, defenders Graham Alexander, Colin Murdock, Michael Jackson and Rob Edwards and a central midfield made up of workhorses Gregan and Rankine. The championship was confirmed at Cambridge on 24 April, a game which brought North End\'s seventh, and last, defeat of the season.
In January 2001, Preston beat their club transfer record by paying £1.5 million to Manchester United for David Healy. The team finished the 2000--01 season in fourth place, but again failed in the play-offs with a 3--0 defeat by Bolton Wanderers in the final at the Millennium Stadium. Preston had earlier beaten Birmingham City in the semi-final by winning a penalty shoot-out at Deepdale after the tie ended in a 2--2 aggregate draw.
Bryan Gray resigned as chairman in the autumn of 2001 and BAXI declined to appoint a replacement, so it was clear that they intended to sell their holding in the club. Club director Derek Shaw, a local businessman, took over as acting chairman. Meanwhile, the collapse of ITV Digital cost the club an income of £4.6 million over the next two years, which meant that planning for the Invincibles Pavilion on the east side of Deepdale had to be postponed (the stand was finally opened in 2008).
David Moyes left the club on 14 March 2002 to become manager of Everton and was replaced by Craig Brown just before the 2001--02 season ended, Preston finishing in eighth place.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## Hard times (1981 to 1995) {#hard_times_1981_to_1995}
### 2002 to 2008 {#to_2008}
In June 2002, BAXI\'s involvement ceased when Derek Shaw and sponsor Steve Jackson combined to buy the firm\'s 26% shareholding and increase their stake to 28%. A few days earlier, future club owner Trevor Hemmings had increased his share to 12%. The other main shareholder was fund management group Ivory and Sime UK, which owned 25.88%.
Craig Brown was the team manager for the next two seasons, the team finishing twelfth in 2002--03 and fifteenth in 2003--04. The second tier Football League One was re-branded in summer 2004 as the Football League Championship. After a poor start to the 2004--05 Championship season, Brown left by mutual consent on 28 August 2004. His successor, appointed next day, was his first-team coach Billy Davies.
In two consecutive seasons under Davies, Preston reached the Championship play-offs. At Cardiff\'s Millennium Stadium in the 2005 final, they were beaten by 1--0 by West Ham United. In the following season, they were defeated in the semi-finals by Leeds United. The team had finished fourth in 2005--06 and this was the club\'s highest second-tier league position since Jimmy Milne\'s team finished third in 1964. On 2 June 2006, Davies left to take over at Derby County and was succeeded on 17 June by Paul Simpson.
Simpson had been the manager of Carlisle United and he quickly replaced the recently departed defenders Claude Davis and Tyrone Mears with Sean St. Ledger and Liam Chilvers. The 2006--07 season began well under Simpson and Preston rose to the top of the Championship in December, the highest league place the team had reached since relegation from the top flight in 1961. On 28 March, striker David Nugent made his full international debut for England and scored in the 90th minute of the match against Andorra. Nugent was the first Preston player since Tom Finney to represent England. In the league, the team lost form towards the end of the season and finished seventh to miss the play-offs.
On 11 July 2007, Nugent left Preston to join Portsmouth for a club record fee (i.e., received by Preston) of £6,000,000. Simpson, with a much increased transfer budget following this sale, brought in Billy Jones, Kevin Nicholls, Karl Hawley and Darren Carter. Despite these signings, Preston\'s poor form at the end of the previous season continued and they had won only three matches when Simpson was sacked on 13 November 2007. He was replaced on 20 November 2007 by Alan Irvine, who was David Moyes\' assistant manager at Everton, on a 3½-year contract. Irvine was able to lift the team out of the relegation zone to finish fifteenth.
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# History of Preston North End F.C.
## 2008 to present {#to_present}
### Completion of Deepdale re-development {#completion_of_deepdale_re_development}
The re-development of Deepdale, begun in 1995, was completed ahead of the 2008--09 season with the opening of the Invincibles Pavilion, opposite the Sir Tom Finney Stand, to replace the 1930s-built \"Pavilion\" stand on the east side of the ground. In further commemoration of Tom Finney, the club\'s address was changed to Deepdale Stadium, Sir Tom Finney Way, Preston. This road is that part of the A6063, formerly called Deepdale Road, which runs past the west side of the ground. There is an adjacent residential road called Bill Shankly Crescent. As a result of the re-development, Deepdale became an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 23,404.
Hopes that the finished stadium might soon feature Premier League football were dashed when the team, who had finished sixth in the 2008--09 Championship, were beaten 1--2 on aggregate by Sheffield United in the two-leg play-off semi-final. On 29 December 2009, manager Alan Irvine was surprisingly dismissed after a run of ten matches with only one win. The team continued to struggle and in 2011 were relegated to the third-tier Football League One, where they remained for the next four years.
### Trevor Hemmings takeover {#trevor_hemmings_takeover}
Preston North End as a business faced another crisis at this time with a winding up petition being served by HM Revenue and Customs on 14 May 2010 and all shares in the company being suspended. A deal was arranged whereby the club was taken over by Trevor Hemmings, a successful Lancashire businessman, whose company Deepdale PNE Holdings Limited secured a 51% shareholding. Currently (i.e., as formally declared under EFL regulations on 3 May 2017), Preston North End is a limited company owned 100 per cent by Deepdale PNE Holdings Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Wordon Group Limited which is incorporated in the Isle of Man and controlled by the family interests of Trevor Hemmings.
Hemmings hired Maurice Lindsay, prominent in rugby league as a past chairman of Wigan R.L.F.C., to take over as club chairman in place of Derek Shaw, who stepped aside to become club vice-president. Through the 2010--11 season, which ended in relegation, a cost-cutting policy was implemented to put the business back onto a sound economic footing and eight of the team\'s higher-paid players were transferred out. In December 2011, Lindsay had to retire due to ill health and was replaced days later by Peter Ridsdale. Ridsdale stepped aside in October 2012 following an insolvency action but has continued to act as an advisor to Hemmings. Preston now have a chief executive instead of a chairman and this has been John Kay from 1 November 2014.
### Simon Grayson, manager (2013--2017) {#simon_grayson_manager_20132017}
Simon Grayson was appointed as manager on 18 February 2013. He was the club\'s fifth manager in four seasons, after Irvine, Darren Ferguson, Phil Brown and Graham Westley. Under Grayson, Preston qualified for both the 2014 and 2015 League One play-offs. The team lost the semi-final in 2014 and then gained promotion back to the second-tier Championship by defeating Swindon Town 4--0 in the 2015 final at Wembley.
Earlier in the 2014--15 season, Preston enjoyed a good run in the FA Cup and reached the fifth round (last sixteen) for the first time since 2008. They were drawn at home against Manchester United in a tie that attracted 21,348 and was given national live TV coverage. It was United\'s first visit to Deepdale since 1972. A 47th-minute goal by Scott Laird gave Preston a surprise lead but United rallied to win 1--3.
Championship consolidation was achieved in 2015--16 as the team won fifteen matches to finish eleventh. The Football League was renamed the English Football League (EFL) in summer 2016 and so the second tier became the EFL Championship. Preston finished eleventh again in 2016--17. Grayson left the club in June 2017 to manage Sunderland.
### Alex Neil, manager (2017--2021) {#alex_neil_manager_20172021}
Grayson\'s replacement was Alex Neil, appointed on 4 July 2017. In his first season, Preston finished seventh in the 2017--18 EFL Championship, just outside the play-off positions and the club\'s highest finish since the team was sixth in 2009.
### Frankie McAvoy, manager (2021) {#frankie_mcavoy_manager_2021}
Following the dismissal of Neil on 21 March 2021, Frankie McAvoy was named as interim head coach of Preston until the end of the 2020--21 season. On 10 May 2021, McAvoy appointed head coach permanently, after winning five of his eight matches in interim charges. On 6 December 2021, McAvoy was dismissed by Preston despite a respectable record, winning fourteen league games out of his 33 in charge.
### Ryan Lowe, manager (2021--2024) {#ryan_lowe_manager_20212024}
Ryan Lowe was appointed manager in December 2021. He took Preston to a 13th-place finish in his first season, with the club finishing 12th and 10th in the following two seasons. On 12 August 2024, after just one game of Preston\'s 2024--2025 season (a 2--0 home defeat by Sheffield United), Lowe left the club by mutual consent
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# Coroners Court of the Northern Territory
The title of **Coroners Court** is the name given to proceedings in which a coroner holds an inquest or an inquiry in the Northern Territory.
## Jurisdiction
Coroners have jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person. In the territory, they also have power to hold inquests into disasters that occur wholly or partly in the territory.
Generally there are no appeals from the decision of a coroner, although there is provision for the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory to order a fresh inquest or inquiry or to grant prerogative relief in respect of the proceedings.
## History
The office of coroner in the territory derives from the legal framework of the office of coroner inherited from the United Kingdom when Australia was settled by the British in 1788.
The first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, was a coroner by virtue of his commission as governor. Technically, he was the first coroner of the territory as the territory was part of New South Wales at that time. Practically however, he had no presence there, and no need to exercise jurisdiction.
The governor\'s commission also entitled him to appoint others as coroners as required, and this was most likely to have been to justices of the peace.
## Structure and jurisdiction {#structure_and_jurisdiction}
The Administrator of the Northern Territory may appoint a Territory Coroner for the territory. The Territory Coroner has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in the territory, ensure that all deaths and suspected deaths concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest properly investigated, ensuring that an inquest or inquiry is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.
The administrator may also appoint deputy coroners. Deputy coroners essentially have all the functions of a coroner except that they cannot hold an inquest into a death in custody.
All stipendiary magistrates in the territory are coroners by virtue of their appointment as a magistrate
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# 1961 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The **1961 U.S. Figure Skating Championships** was held at the World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado, from January 25 to 29, 1961. Medals were awarded in three colors: gold (first), silver (second), and bronze (third) in four disciplines -- men\'s singles, ladies\' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing -- across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.
The event determined the U.S. team for the 1961 World Championships.
The competition was dedicated to the memory of Howard D. Herbert, president of the United States Figure Skating Association, who had died suddenly just a few days before the competition opened.
The event is noted especially for its catastrophic aftermath, in which most of the U.S. team died in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 on their way to the World Championships in Prague. Because many of the top American figure skaters (including Carol Heiss and David Jenkins) had retired from the sport after the 1960 Winter Olympics, new champions were crowned in all four disciplines.
A notable feature of this event is that it was the first time the United States Figure Skating Championships were covered on national television, with a modest rights fee being paid by CBS. Sportscaster Bud Palmer provided the \"play-by-play\", and Dick Button provided the commentary for the event, a role Button continued to perform for decades after the Championships broadcasts were picked up by ABC Sports in subsequent years.
## Senior results {#senior_results}
### Men
The men\'s competition was won by Bradley Lord, likewise in a come-from-behind victory in the free skating after having been second to Gregory Kelley in the compulsory figures.
Rank Name
------- ----------------
**1** Bradley Lord
**2** Gregory Kelley
**3** Tim Brown
4 Douglas Ramsay
5 Bruce Heiss
### Ladies
Stephanie Westerfeld had a narrow lead over Laurence Owen after the compulsory figures and performed well enough in the free skating that she might have won the competition. However, Owen followed with a superior effort in the free skating and won the title on a 4-1 split of the first-place ordinals.
Rank Name
------- ----------------------
**1** Laurence Owen
**2** Stephanie Westerfeld
**3** Rhode Lee Michelson
4 Karen Howland
5 Vicky Fisher
### Pairs
Maribel Owen / Dudley Richards, the silver medalists from the previous year, were the clear winners.
Rank Name
------- ----------------------------------
**1** Maribel Owen / Dudley Richards
**2** Ila Ray Hadley / Ray Hadley, Jr.
**3** Laurie Hickox / William Hickox
4 Janet Browning / Jim Browning
### Ice dancing (Gold dance) {#ice_dancing_gold_dance}
Diane Sherbloom / Larry Pierce---skating in their first season together---took the championship.
Rank Name
------- -----------------------------------
**1** Diane Sherbloom / Larry Pierce
**2** Dona Lee Carrier / Roger Campbell
**3** Patricia Dineen / Robert Dineen
4 Jan Jacobsen / Marshall Campbell
5 Thomasine Pierce / Roy Speeg
6 Katrine Neil / Peter Betts
## Junior results {#junior_results}
### Men {#men_1}
Rank Name
------- -------------------
**1** Monty Hoyt
**2** Scott Ethan Allen
**3** David Edwards
4 Buddy Zack
5 Gary Visconti
6 Tommy Litz
7 Ronnie Frank
8 Walter Hypes
9 Bobby McKay
### Ladies {#ladies_1}
Rank Name
------- -------------------
**1** Lorraine Hanlon
**2** Carol Noir
**3** Lynn Thomas
4 Yvonne Drummond
5 Pamela Zekman
6 Michelle Monnier
7 Donna Abbott
8 Wanda Mae Guntert
9 Linda Galbraith
### Pairs {#pairs_1}
Rank Name
------- ------------------------------------
**1** Vivian Joseph / Ronald Joseph
**2** Dorothyann Nelson / Pieter Kollen
**3** Irma Staro / Richard Callaghan
4 Cynthia Kauffman / Ronald Kauffman
5 Elizabeth George / Paul George
6 Nancy Streff / James Kelleher
7 Elizabeth Hickman / William Rider
### Ice dancing (Silver dance) {#ice_dancing_silver_dance}
Rank Name
------- --------------------------------------
**1** Rosemary McEvoy / Ralph Owen
**2** Ila Ray Hadley / Ray Hadley, Jr.
**3** Dorothyann Nelson / Pieter Kollen
4 Wilma Piper / Stanley Urban
5\* Susan Bright / Robert Munz
6\* Linda Rae Anderson / King Cole
7\* Anne Leyden / Monroe Meier
8\* Constance Caracciola / Donald Parent
9\* Georgia Taylor / Howard Taylor
10\* Linda Robinson / John Bickel
11\* Sally Wells / William Lincoln
12\* Margaret Mosford / Ben Wade
\*Eliminated before Final Round
## Aftermath
Following the U.S. Championships, all the top skaters with the exception of Brown (who was ill; his place was taken by fourth-place finisher Ramsay) took part in the North American Figure Skating Championships in Philadelphia, where Owen captured the ladies title. The team then immediately departed for the World Figure Skating Championships in Prague on February 14, 1961, on board Sabena Flight 548. However, they never arrived; their flight crashed near Brussels, Belgium the next morning, killing all on board (including coaches, officials, and family members). The few team members who had not made the trip included skater Brown, and coach Ronald Ludington (who was unable to afford the travel expenses).
The U.S. Figure Skating Memorial Fund was established eight days after the crash by F. Ritter Shumway, then-president of the USFSA, and the fund has continued to this day. Its purpose is to provide help to promising skaters who lack funding for equipment. Peggy Fleming and Scott Hamilton are among future champions who have credited the memorial fund with being vital to their careers. *RISE*, a documentary film about the 1961 team, was released on February 17, 2011, two days after the 50th anniversary of the crash
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# WFFY
**WFFY** (98.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to San Carlos Park, Florida, and broadcasting to the Fort Myers media market. It airs a rhythmic contemporary radio format and is owned by Sun Broadcasting, with studios on Palm Beach Boulevard in Fort Myers. The station carries the nationally syndicated *Breakfast Club* from WWPR in New York City in morning drive time.
WFFY is a Class C3 station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts at 117 m. The transmitter tower is off Old U.S. Route 41 in San Carlos Park.
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
The station signed on the air in `{{Start date and age|1986}}`{=mediawiki}. Its original call sign was WRWX. It went through numerous changes of format and call letters in its first decades on the air.
From 2007 to 2014, the station was known as WDEO-FM, airing Catholic-based talk and teaching programs. It was branded as \"Ave Maria Radio\" under the ownership of the Ave Maria Foundation. WDEO-FM aired all Notre Dame Fighting Irish football games in the 2008 season using the ISP Sports feed.
### K-Love {#k_love}
On September 4, 2014, the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), announced it would purchase WDEO-FM for \$2.2 million and convert the station to its Contemporary Christian music network, K-Love. The call sign was changed to WLVO.
On June 24, 2015, Classical South Florida announced the sale of its three South Florida classical stations, including WNPS (88.7 FM) in Fort Myers, to EMF. On July 17, 2015, EMF took over operations of 88.7 and began simulcasting the K-Love format on both WLVO and WNPS (renamed WDLV).
### Sun Broadcasting {#sun_broadcasting}
On August 13, 2015, the license for 98.5 WLVO was converted to commercial broadcasting. EMF announced the sale of WLVO to a local media company, Sun Broadcasting. The sale, however, was quite contentious. Competing radio groups Renda Broadcasting and the Beasley Media Group filed a joint petition with the Federal Communications Commission to deny the sale. While Sun Broadcasting was below ownership limits in the market, the petition made the claim that it operates as one de facto group with Fort Myers Broadcasting. The two companies together share studio and staff. Renda and Beasley argued the sale should not go through because the two companies combined own far more signals than the FCC allowed. In the interim, on August 20, 2015, WLVO switched from K-Love to the Radio Nueva Vida Spanish Christian format.
After two years of airing Radio Nueva Vida programming, the FCC dismissed the petition and approved the sale. On June 12, 2017, the station changed its call sign to WKHW. On June 13, 2017, the purchase of the station by Sun Broadcasting from Educational Media Foundation was consummated, at a price of \$3,045,000. The new owners immediately changed the call sign to the current WFFY. On June 15, 2017, WFFY changed its format from Spanish Christian to rhythmic contemporary, branded as \"Fly 98.5\"
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# Eiffelton
**Eiffelton** is a lightly populated locality in the Mid-Canterbury region of New Zealand\'s South Island.
## Geography
Eiffelton is situated on the Canterbury Plains near the Hinds River, which reaches the Pacific Ocean in nearby Longbeach. The small township of Hinds is to Eiffelton\'s west. Other nearby settlements include Lynnford between Eiffelton and Hinds, Willowby to the north, and Flemington and the ghost town of Waterton to the east. The closest town of significant size is Ashburton to the north.
## Ashburton balls {#ashburton_balls}
Eiffelton\'s major claim to fame is that in 1978, it was the site of the discovery of an object similar to the Ashburton balls six years after the original balls were found. The balls were pieces of space debris from the failed Russian space vessel Cosmos 482.
## Religion
Eiffelton once had a Catholic church. Mass was first said in the area in 1888 in Waterton\'s town hall, but it was subsequently held in Eiffelton at either the school or the town hall. On 4 June 1961, a proper church was built, the Church of St Thomas More, and 300 people gathered for its formal opening. It seated 80 for regular services, but declining attendance meant that Mass was held only monthly in the early 1970s. It closed on 7 November 1976, with the altar taken to a church in Hinds and the church\'s building moved to a nearby site to be used by local scouts.
## Services
Eiffelton has a town hall and formerly had a primary school. As of 2000, it merged with two other nearby schools and relocated to a site in Willowby. It also had a play centre for children under primary school age, but between 2001 and 2005, the play centre also relocated to Willowby.
## Transport
Eiffelton is not located on major transport routes. It is not far from State Highway 1 and the Main South Line railway, which both pass through Hinds.
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# Eiffelton
## Demographics
The Eiffelton statistical area, which also includes Ashton, Flemington, Huntingdon, Lake Hood, Longbeach, Waterton and Willowby, covers 433.58 km2 and had an estimated population of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Eiffelton|y}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Eiffelton|y}}|R}}/433.58|1}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^.
Eiffelton had a population of 2,466 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 240 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 678 people (37.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 870 households, comprising 1,293 males and 1,170 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.11 males per female. The median age was 38.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 546 people (22.1%) aged under 15 years, 429 (17.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,179 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 312 (12.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 88.2% European/Pākehā, 5.1% Māori, 0.7% Pasifika, 7.5% Asian, and 3.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 16.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census\'s question about religious affiliation, 46.4% had no religion, 44.5% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.0% were Hindu, 0.5% were Buddhist and 0.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 333 (17.3%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, and 363 (18.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was \$43,700, compared with \$31,800 nationally. 435 people (22.7%) earned over \$70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,140 (59.4%) people were employed full-time, 372 (19.4%) were part-time, and 30 (1.6%) were unemployed
| 282 |
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# 6th South Carolina Cavalry Regiment
The **6th South Carolina Cavalry Regiment** (also called **Dixie Rangers**, **Aiken\'s Partisan Rangers** and **1st Partisan Rangers**) was a regiment of cavalry in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. They were from the state of South Carolina and served at various times in both the Eastern and Western theaters.
## Organization and history {#organization_and_history}
This unit was originally called the 16th Battalion South Carolina Partisan Rangers -- Aiken\'s Regiment, the 1st Reg. South Carolina Partisan Rangers, and Aiken\'s 1st Regiment South Carolina Partisan Rangers. It was a part of the state militia troops. The men were formally mustered into Confederate service as the 16th Battalion, South Carolina Cavalry on July 23, 1862. The 6th South Carolina Cavalry was then organized in January 1863, using the 16th Battalion as its nucleus.
Some of the men were from Columbia, including several students from The Citadel Academy. The 6th Cavalry saw action at Willstown and Pon Pon River in South Carolina, and then moved to Virginia with about 1,000 men and was assigned to the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. Assigned to General Matthew C. Butler\'s brigade, the regiment participated in the Wilderness and Cold Harbor operations and in various conflicts south of the James River. Later, it was engaged in the Carolinas Campaign assigned to Logan\'s Brigade.
The depleted regiment surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Bennett Place in North Carolina.
## Notable battles {#notable_battles}
- Battle of the Wilderness VA (May 5--6, 1864)
- Battle of Spotsylvania Court House VA (May 8--21, 1864)
- Battle of North Anna VA (May 23--26, 1864)
- Cold Harbor VA (June 1--3, 1864)
- Siege of Petersburg, Virginia (June 1864 -- April 1865)
- Battle of Vaughan Road (October 1, 1864)
- Carolinas Campaign SC (February -- April 1865)
- Darlington, South Carolina (February 27, 1865)
- Solomon\'s Grove (March 9, 1865)
- Battle of Monroe\'s Crossroads (March 10, 1865)
## Original commissioned officers {#original_commissioned_officers}
- Colonel Hugh K. Aiken
- Lieutenant Colonel Lovick P. Miller
- Major T.B. Ferguson
- Captain Lewis Jones
- Captain James J. Gregg
- First Lieutenant Z. W. Carwile
- First Lieutenant John M. Ward
- First Lieutenant Alexander McQueen, from Chesterfield County
- Second Lieutenant John Bauskett
- Second Lieutenant J. J. Bunch
- Second Lieutenant Henry McIver
- Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Evans
## Noncommissioned officers {#noncommissioned_officers}
- George W. Spencer, 1Sgt from Chesterfield County. Departed Greensboro, North Carolina, after April 9, 1865 -- Promoted 1st Lt. June 25, 1863
- John B. Strother, 2Sgt from Chesterfield County. Discharged, over conscript age, June 11, 1862
- Hugh Jr. Craig, 3Sgt from Chesterfield County. Departed Greensboro, NC after April 9, 1865 -- Promoted 2Lt, June 25, 1863
- John H. McIver, 4Sgt from Chesterfield County. Transferred to staff as Quartermaster, May 1, 1862
- John E. Sellers, 5Sgt from Chesterfield County. Promoted to 1Sgt, June 25, 1863. Killed in action at Haw\'s Shop, Virginia
- Thomas W. Bouchler, 1Cpl from Chesterfield County. Transferred to Colt\'s Battalion as SgtMaj in 1864
- Zacharhiah Jr Ellerbe, Cpl from Chesterfield County. Discharged, over conscript age, June 14, 1862
- Samuel H. Roberson, 3Cpl from Chesterfield County. Transferred to Aiken\'s Partisan Rangers, December 15, 1862
- Nevin S. Smith, 4Cpl from Chesterfield County. Departed Greensboro, North Carolina, after April 9, 1865
- William B. Sellers, Corporal, Chesterfield County. Enlisted June 1, 1863; captured on December 10, 1864, at Armstrong Mills, Virginia, and sent as a prisoner of war to Point Lookout, Maryland; released on June 19, 1865
| 598 |
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# Shasta Hanchett Park, San Jose
**Shasta Hanchett Park** is a historic residence park and neighborhood in the greater Rose Garden district of central San Jose, California, near Downtown San Jose and The Alameda.
## History
Hanchett Residence Park was developed beginning in 1907 by Lewis E. Hanchett on the site of the Agricultural Park amusement and exhibition grounds west of The Alameda. Hanchett provided electric streetlights, streetcar service, and a modern sewer system. The streets were laid out by John McLaren, supervisor and designer of Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, who located the utility poles in backyards to keep the sidewalks open and specified the trees to be planted 20 feet apart on each street. Most of the houses were built between 1915 and 1930 in Craftsman, Mission Revival, and Spanish eclectic styles; there are a few Prairie style houses and some Queen Anne style Victorian houses dating to before the development. Hanchett Park contains San Jose\'s greatest concentration of 1910--20 Craftsman houses.
Many of the neighborhood streets have Yosemite National Park-themed names: Sequoia Avenue, Mariposa Avenue, Yosemite Avenue, Sierra Avenue.
Together with the adjacent Hester Park, developed in 1893 and also laid out by McLaren, Hanchett Park has been designated a Historic Conservation Area by the City of San Jose: the Hanchett and Hester Park Conservation Area is bounded by The Alameda and Mariposa, Park, and Magnolia avenues. Some of Hester Park was annexed by the city in 1911; Hanchett Park and most of Hester Park were annexed at the same time as College Park in 1925.
Alameda Gardens was first developed in the mid-19th century by Commodore Robert F. Stockton, who ordered pre-fabricated two-story houses to be made in Philadelphia and Massachusetts and shipped to San Francisco; all were identical except for one larger house at the end of Spring Street. The subdivision attracted few buyers until the streetcar line made it more accessible.
## Geography
Shasta Hanchett Park is part of the greater Rose Garden district of Central San Jose, California, making up the eastern portion of Rose Garden. The Alameda forms its eastern boundary, where it also borders St. Leo\'s.
It is made up of the Hanchett Park and Hester Park residence parks
| 369 |
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# Central limit order book
A **central limit order book (CLOB)** is a trading method used by most exchanges globally using the order book and a matching engine to execute limit orders. It is a transparent system that matches customer orders (e.g. bids and offers) on a \'price time priority\' basis. The highest (\"best\") bid order and the lowest (\"cheapest\") offer order constitutes the best market or \"the touch\" in a given security or swap contract.
Customers can routinely cross the bid/ask spread to effect immediate execution. They also can see market depth or the \"stack\" in which customers can view bid orders for various sizes and prices on one side vs. viewing offer orders at various sizes and prices on the other side. The CLOB is by definition fully transparent, real-time, anonymous and low cost in execution.
Such a book was proposed as a centralised database of limit orders by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 2000. However, the concept was opposed by securities companies. In the CLOB model, customers can trade directly with dealers, dealers can trade with other dealers, and importantly, customers can trade directly with other customers anonymously.
In contrast to the CLOB approach is the Request For Quote (\"RFQ\") trading method. RFQ is an asymmetric trade execution model. In this method, a customer queries a finite set of participant market makers who quote a bid/offer (\"a market\") to the customer. The customer may only \"hit the bid\" (sell to the highest bidder) or \"lift the offer\" (buy from the cheapest seller). The customer is prohibited from stepping inside the bid/ask spread and thereby reducing its execution fees. Contrary to the CLOB model, customers can only trade with dealers. They can not trade with other customers, and importantly, they can not make markets themselves
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# Koppa, India
**Koppa** is a panchayat town in Chikkamagaluru district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Koppa sub-district. The name \"Koppa\" is derived from the Kopada Veerabadra Swamy Temple, a historic site that attracts devotees from the Malnad region.
## Demographics
India census, Koppa town had a population of 4,993, with males constituting 49.2% and females 50.8%. The entire Koppa Taluka had a population of 84,882. The average literacy rate in Koppa was 86.4%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy was 88%, while female literacy was 84.8%. Additionally, 8.9% of the population in Koppa was under 6 years of age.
## Transport
Koppa is connected by road to cities like Shivamogga, Chikmagalur and Udupi. The National Highway 169 connects Koppa with Shivamogga and Mangaluru via Mala Ghat. The nearest railway stations are Bhadravati (70 km)(for Mysuru & Bengaluru connectivity) and Udupi (87 km)(for Mumbai & Kochi connectivity).
The nearest international airport is Mangalore International Airport (129 km). The nearest domestic airport is Shivamogga Airport.
## Geography
Koppa is situated in the northern part of Chikkamagaluru district, around 85 km from its district headquarter. Major highways passing through the town are NH-169 and SH-65.
### Rainfall
Koppa is situated in the Malnad region with significant elevation (around 800 m) and receives copious amount of rainfall from the southwest monsoon winds.
As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitering Center, Bengaluru, in the year 2024, Koppa hobli received 3973.2 mm of annual rainfall. It was a +37% departure from normal rainfall.
The rainfall received here, eventually feeds the Tunga River.
## Education
- Sri Aroor Laxminarayana Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Koppa was established in 1987.
- Government First Grade College, Balagadi, offers UG and PG courses. It is affiliated to Kuvempu University.
- Government Polytechnic college and Government ITI college was established on the outskirts of Koppa town.
- Koppa has many schools and Pre-university colleges such as St Nobert, BGS, St Joseph, Government PU college etc.
## Economy
Agriculture is the primary occupation in Koppa. Major crops include betel nut (areca), coffee, banana, paddy, and pepper. The area also has numerous tea estates
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# Central African Republic men's national basketball team
The **Central African Republic national basketball team** is administered by the Fédération Centrafricaine de Basketball.
The team won the African Basketball Championship twice. It became the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Basketball World Cup.
## Achievements
The Central African Republic has won the African Championship twice. Their first title came in 1974 when they hosted the tournament and beat Senegal 72--67 in the final. They hoisted the trophy again in 1987 by defeating Egypt 94--87 for the championship. The team also took third place in the 1968 tournament.
## Performances
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
\|Year \|Position \|Tournament \|Host
-------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
1988 10 Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics Seoul, South Korea \|- valign=\"top\" bgcolor=
### FIBA World Championship {#fiba_world_championship}
\|Year \|Position \|Tournament \|Host \|- valign=\"top\" bgcolor= 1974 14 1974 FIBA World Championship Puerto Rico
-------- ------------ -------------- ------------------------------------ ------ ---- ------------------------------ -------------
### FIBA Africa Championship {#fiba_africa_championship}
\|Year \|Position \|Tournament \|Host
-------- ------------ ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
1964 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1964 Casablanca, Morocco
1965 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1965 Tunis, Tunisia
1968 FIBA Africa Championship 1968 Casablanca, Morocco
1970 4 FIBA Africa Championship 1970 Alexandria, Egypt
1972 4 FIBA Africa Championship 1972 Dakar, Senegal
1974 FIBA Africa Championship 1974 Bangui, Central African Republic
1975 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1975 Alexandria, Egypt
1978 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1978 Dakar, Senegal
1980 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1980 Rabat, Morocco
1981 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1981 Mogadishu, Somalia
1983 7 FIBA Africa Championship 1983 Alexandria, Egypt
1985 5 FIBA Africa Championship 1985 Abidjan, Côte d\'Ivoire
1987 FIBA Africa Championship 1987 Tunis, Tunisia
1989 7 FIBA Africa Championship 1989 Luanda, Angola
1992 6 FIBA Africa Championship 1992 Cairo, Egypt
1993 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1993 Nairobi, Kenya
1995 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1995 Algiers, Algeria
1997 5 FIBA Africa Championship 1997 Dakar, Senegal
1999 -- FIBA Africa Championship 1999 Angola \|- valign=\"top\" bgcolor=
2003 5 FIBA Africa Championship 2003 Alexandria, Egypt
2005 5 FIBA Africa Championship 2005 Algiers, Algeria
2007 7 FIBA Africa Championship 2007 Angola
2009 6 FIBA Africa Championship 2009 Libya
2011 6 FIBA Africa Championship 2011 Antananarivo, Madagascar \|- valign=\"top\" bgcolor=
2025 -- AfroBasket 2025 Angola
### African Games {#african_games}
- 1991 : `{{Silver2}}`{=mediawiki}
*Beginning with the 2019 event, regular basketball was replaced by 3x3 basketball.*
| 388 |
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| 0 |
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# Central African Republic men's national basketball team
## Team
### Current roster {#current_roster}
Roster for the AfroBasket 2021.
### Head coach position {#head_coach_position}
- Jean-Paul Rabatet
- Johny Robert Madozein -- 2001--2003
- Michel Perrim -- 2007
- Eugene Pehoua-Pelema -- 2009
- Johny Robert Madozein -- 2010
- Paco Garcia -- 2011
- Johny Robert Madozein -- 2013
- Michel Perrim -- 2015
- Aubin-Thierry Goporo -- 2015
- Ulrich Marida -- 2017--present
### Past rosters {#past_rosters}
- **2013 AfroBasket:** finished **13th** among 16 teams
At the AfroBasket 2015. `{{FIBA roster header|team=Central African Republic men's national basketball team – AfroBasket 2015
| color1 = White| bg1 = #003893| color2 = Green| bg2 = Yellow}}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 4 | first = Destin | last = Damachoua | pos = G | m = 1.85 | year = 1986 | month = 8 | date = 17 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club = CEP Lorient | nat = FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 5 | first = Junior | last = Madozein | pos = G | m = 1.88 | year = 1987 | month = 10 | date = 10 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club =ASOPI | nat =CAF }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 6 | first = Lionel | last = Pehoua | pos = F | m =1.96 | year =1983 | month =11 | date =8 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | clublink = | nat = FRA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 7 | first = Glenn | last = Feidanga | pos = F | m = 2.03 | year =1994 | month =2 | date =15 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | clublink = [[LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball|LIU Brooklyn]] | nat = USA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 8 | first = Johan | last = Grebongo | pos = F | m = 2.06 | year = 1994 | month = 1 | date = 18 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | clublink = [[BCM Gravelines]] | nat = FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 9 | first = Dimitri | last = Kongbo | pos = C | m = 2.06 | year = 1987 | month = 8 | date = 8 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club =Annecy Basketball | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 10 | first = Sydney | last = Pehoua | pos =F | m =1.98 | year =1988 | month =5 | date =3 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club =Besançon BCD | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 11 | first = Yannick| last = Zachée | pos = F | m = 1.92 | year = 1986 | month = 10 | date = 29 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club = Tarbes Lourdes | nat = FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 12 | first = Séverin | last = Febou | pos = | m =1.92 | year = 1987 | month = 12 | date = 20 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club =Red Star NDongo Club | nat =CAF }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 13 | first = Max | last = Kouguere | pos = F | m = 1.98 | year = 1987 | month = 3 | date = 12 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | clublink = [[Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez|Pau-Orthez]] | nat = FRA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 14 | first = Philippe | last = Djada | pos =F | m =1.99 | year = 1994 | month = 3 | date = 31 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club = Barjouville Basketball| nat = FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 15 | first = Jimmy | last = Djimrabaye | pos = F | m = 2.03 | year = 1992 | month = 4 | date = 8 | compyear = 2015 | compmonth = 8 | compdate = 30 | club = ESSM Le Portel | nat = FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA roster footer
| head_coach =
*{{flagicon|CAF}} [[Aubin-Thierry Goporo]]
| otherlegend =
*'''Club''' – describes last<br />club before the tournament
*'''Age''' – describes age<br />on 30 August 2015
}}`{=mediawiki} This was the Central African Republic team for the AfroBasket 2017. `{{FIBA roster header|team=Central African Republic men's national basketball team – AfroBasket 2017
| color1 = White| bg1 = #003893| color2 = Green| bg2 = Yellow}}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 4 | last = Samedi | first = Tanguy | pos = PG | m = 1.80 | year = 1992 | month = 7 | date = 18 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club = | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 5 | last = Nganafio | first = Lawrence | pos =PG | m = | year =1996 | month =10 | date =23 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club = | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 6 | last = Mokongo | first = Michael | pos =PG | m = | year =1986 | month =7 | date =11 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =free agent | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 7 | last = Kossangue-Toro | first = William | pos =G/F | m =1.98 | year =1986 | month =5 | date =9 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =Stade de Vanves | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 8 | last = Grebongo | first = Johan | pos =F/C | m =2.04 | year =1994 | month =1 | date =18 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =AS Saint Maurice Pfastatt | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 9 | last = Koyamba | first = Privat | pos =F | m =1.98 | year =1997 | month =8 | date =25 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club = | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 10 | last = Pehoua | first = Sydney | pos =F | m =1.95 | year =1988 | month =5 | date =13 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =Besancon Avenir Comtois | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 11 | last = Ngoy | first = Eddy | pos =F | m =1.98 | year =1997 | month =1 | date =28 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =ASVEL Basket U21 | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 12 | last = Febou | first = Max-Severin | pos =G/F | m =1.93 | year =1987 | month =12 | date =20 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club = | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 13 | last = Kouguere | first = Max | pos =SF | m =1.98 | year =1987 | month =3 | date =12 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club =Olympique Antibes | nat =FRA }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 14 | last = Djada | first = Philippe | pos =F | m =1.99 | year =1994 | month =3 | date =31 | compyear = 2017 | compmonth = 9 | compdate = 8 | club = | nat = }}`{=mediawiki} `{{FIBA player|df=y | num = 15 | last = Djimrabaye | first = Jimmy | pos =F/C | m =2
| 1,394 |
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| 1 |
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# Avatar (spacecraft)
**Avatar** (Sanskrit: *अवतार*, ISO: `{{transliteration|sa|Avatāra}}`{=mediawiki}; from \"**A**erobic **V**ehicle for Transatmospheric Hypersonic **A**erospace **T**r**A**nspo**R**tation\") is a concept study for a robotic single-stage reusable spaceplane capable of horizontal takeoff and landing, by India\'s Defence Research and Development Organisation. The mission concept is for low cost military and commercial satellite space launches.
This spaceplane concept is unrelated to the Indian Space Research Organisation\'s (ISRO) RLV Technology Demonstration Programme (RLV-TD).
## Concept
The idea is to develop a spaceplane vehicle that can take off from conventional airfields. Its liquid air cycle engine would collect air in the atmosphere on the way up, liquefy it, separate oxygen and store it on board for subsequent flight beyond the atmosphere. The Avatar, a reusable launch vehicle, was first announced in May 1998 at the Aero India 98 exhibition held at Bangalore.
Avatar is projected to weigh 25 tons, of which 60% of that mass would be liquid hydrogen fuel. The oxygen required by the vehicle for combustion in outer space would be collected from the atmosphere during takeoff, thus reducing the need to carry oxygen during launch. The notional specification is for a payload weighing up to 1000 kg to low Earth orbit and to withstand up to 100 launches and reentries.
If built, Avatar would take off horizontally like a conventional airplane from a conventional airstrip using turbo-ramjet engines that burn hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen. During this cruising phase, an on-board system would collect air from the atmosphere, from which liquid oxygen would be separated and stored and used to burn the stored hydrogen in the final flight phase to attain orbit. The vehicle would be designed to permit at least one hundred launches and atmospheric reentries.
## Feasibility study {#feasibility_study}
The Avatar concept study was commissioned by India\'s Defence Research and Development Organisation in 2001. India\'s space agency, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has no connection with the project. Air Commodore Raghavan Gopalaswami, who headed the study, made a presentation on the spaceplane at the global conference on propulsion at Salt Lake City, United States on July 10, 2001
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# Queen Street, Hamilton, Ontario
**Queen Street** is a Lower City arterial road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off at Beckett Drive, a mountain-access road in the city and is a two-way street up to King Street West and a one-way street (southbound) the rest of the way north up to the Canadian National Railway Yard, where the road turns right, merging with Stuart Street which travels in a west--east direction.
## History
*Queen Street* was named after Queen Caroline of Brunswick, wife of King George IV.
Queen Street forms the western boundary line of the Durand neighbourhood. Durand is also bounded by Main Street to the north, James Street and *James Mountain Road* to the east and the Niagara Escarpment to the south. With the turn of the 20th century, luxurious new residences were built along *Markland* and Aberdeen Avenues and to the south in the lee of the escarpment. These residences reflected the entrepreneurial spirit of those who made their fortunes in transportation, finance, industry, and commerce in one of North Americas major centres, Hamilton. By 1920, the Durand neighbourhood was considered to be the "exclusive" neighbourhood in Hamilton. However, the Great Depression and the Second World War took their tolls on the fortunes of many of the established Durand households. Owners could no longer afford the taxes and upkeep on their homes, and many of the grander residences were either demolished and replaced with middle-class low-rise housing, or were renovated to become low-rise apartment buildings. Much of the heritage of the neighbourhood survives today. The *Hamilton A.A.A. Grounds*, (Hamilton Amateur Athletic Association Grounds), is a park that was home to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats from 1872-1949. Entrance to the park at Queen Street South is right before Charlton Avenue West. Today it is also the site of the *Hamilton Tennis Club*. Today Ivor Wynne Stadium is the home of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. It\'s off of *Beachwood Avenue*, 2 blocks West of Gage Avenue North.
The TH&B Railway came into Hamilton in 1895. A railway tunnel was then constructed from *Queen* to *Park Street* to cut down on the noise, pollution and disruption for the wealthy families who lived South of Jackson Street in the *Durand* neighbourhood.
In 1964, *Imperial Tobacco Company\'s* Hamilton operations are moved to Guelph, Ontario. Originally it was known as the *Tuckett Tobacco Company* which was started up by George Elias Tuckett, (1835--1900), who was also Hamilton\'s 27th Mayor in 1896. Today the property is the site of two high-rise apartment buildings, *Queen\'s Terrace* and *Oxford Heights*. Tuckett\'s home was the *Scottish Rite Castle*, also on Queen Street, remains as one of Hamilton\'s most magnificent structures. At its peak the *Tuckett Tobacco Company* employed 600 workers and products were sold throughout the world. The first factory opened up in the 1860s near the intersection of King and Bay Streets. The Queen Street North factory opened up 28 February 1891 and stayed opened until 17 September 1966.
## Bruce Trail {#bruce_trail}
One can reach the Bruce Trail via *Queen Street South*. The trail cuts through the city along the Niagara Escarpment (mountain) and used by many locals for a full days hike. The Trail is 430 mi long and starts at Niagara Falls, passes through Hamilton and ends at the Bruce Peninsula. Hikers are led to scenic gorges, hidden waterfalls and places of quiet charm.
## Landmarks
*Note: Listing of Landmarks from North to South.*
- Canadian National Railway Yards
- A City Window & Glass, building
- Queen\'s Terrace/ Oxford Heights (25 & 20 storey building apartments)
- Gary Hill Parkette (park)
- Queen 75 (22 storey condominium tower)
- Queen Elizabeth Tower (18 storey apartment building)
- All Saints Church, Hamilton, Ontario
- Scottish Rite Castle, Originally the home of George Elias Tuckett, (1835--1900), *Tuckett Tobacco Company* owner + Hamilton\'s 27th Mayor in 1896.
- Grand Lodge of Canada, behind the *Scottish Rite Castle* on King Street West
- Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel, (Tunnel extends from *Queen* to *Park Street*)
- Hess Village, Western end of *George Street*.
- Queen\'s Court, (2 building blocks, 3-stories each)
- Players\' Guild of Hamilton, Inc. (theatre)
- Jackson Villa, (12-storey apartment building)
- Queensvilla Condominiums
- Capital Terrace, (20-storey apartment building)
- Savaria Tower, (14-storey apartment building)
- Pannonia Tower, (18-storey apartment building)
- Hamilton Amateur Athletic Association Grounds
- Hamilton Tennis Club
- Beckett Drive, a Mountain-access road
- Bruce Trail
- Niagara Escarpment (mountain)
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# Queen Street, Hamilton, Ontario
## Communities
*Note: Listing of neighbourhoods from North to South*
- Strathcona/ Central - (The financial center of Hamilton), *Queen Street* is the division between these two neighbourhoods.
- Kirkendall North/ Durand, *Queen Street* is the division between these two neighbourhoods.
- Kirkendall South
## Images
Image:Pannonia Apartment Queen.JPG\|Pannonia Apartment building Image:Queen Bold Hamilton.JPG\|Corner of Queen & Bold Streets Image:Capital Terrace Queen.JPG\|Capital Terrace Apartments Image:Queen Jackson Hamilton
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# Joshua Roman
**Joshua Roman** (born December 16, 1983) is an American cellist.
## Background
An Oklahoma native, Joshua Roman attended the Cleveland Institute of Music. At CIM, he studied with Richard Aaron and Desmond Hoebig. Roman received his Bachelor of Music Degree in Cello Performance in 2004, and his master\'s degree in 2005. At the age of 22, Roman was appointed principal cellist of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra in 2006, becoming the youngest principal player in Seattle Symphony history.
In 2006, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer called Roman\'s premiere performance an \"auspicious beginning,\" noting that \"Roman played with ease and confidence, the sound relaxed and singing, the phrasing shapely, the tone well projected seemingly without effort.\"
In 2007, Melinda Bargreen of the Seattle Times noted that Roman \"played with heart-stopping beauty\... \[and his\] \"big, succulent tone and impassioned style perfectly suited the music.\"
In January 2008, Roman submitted his resignation as principal cellist at the conclusion of the 2007--2008 season to pursue a solo career.
Beginning in 2009, and going to 2012, Roman regularly posted videos on his Youtube channel where he played each of the 40 etudes from David Popper\'s \"High School of Cello Playing\" in what he called the \"Popper Project\"
## Awards
Roman has won prizes at competitions including the Klein, ASTA, Washington, Stulberg, NFMC, H-A Music Society, Corpus Christi, Kingsville, CIM, Cleveland Cello Society and Buttram. He has performed as a member of Cleveland Orchestra, and soloed with a number of symphony and chamber orchestras including the Cleveland Institute of Music Orchestra, the Wyoming Symphony, the Oklahoma City Philharmonic and the Symphony of Southern New Jersey
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# Lin Tinggui
**Lin Tinggui** (`{{zh|c=林庭珪|p=Lín Tíngguì|w=Lin T'ing-kuei}}`{=mediawiki}; fl. circa 1174--1189) (Japanese: Rin Teikei) was a Chinese painter of the Southern Song dynasty (1127--1279 AD). His artwork was greatly influenced by themes of Chinese Buddhism.
## The Five Hundred Luohan {#the_five_hundred_luohan}
Lin Tinggui is best known for taking part alongside Zhou Jichang (Japanese: Shuu Kijou) in the completion of the *Five Hundred Luohan* (Chinese: *Wubai Luohan*), a set of 100 paintings commissioned as a gift to a Buddhist temple in 1175 by a Chinese Buddhist abbot. This artistic project in honor of the luohan was completed three years later in 1178.
In Chinese Buddhist folklore, it was said that five hundred luohan (Buddhist saints) inhabited a peak beyond the stone bridge of Mount Tiantai located at Jiuhuashan, modern-day Qingyang County, Anhui province, China. This belief was either formed from an older Daoist belief that the site was home to immortals, or from knowledge of Buddhist legend from India, specifically the belief of five hundred arhats living on Mt. Buddhavanagiri near Rajagrha. It was this belief that provided the central theme of Lin Tinggui and Zhou Jichang\'s artwork.
## The Five Hundred Luohan outside of China {#the_five_hundred_luohan_outside_of_china}
During the 13th century, the set of paintings completed by Lin Tinggui and Zhou Jichang were imported to Japan and wound up as the property of Jufuku-ji Temple in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan. Hand-painted copies of the scrolls were made in 1368 by the Japanese painter-priest Minchou (1351 - 1431 AD) for the Buddhist temples Engaku-ji and Toufuku-ji in Kamakura. The painting set was moved by the Hojo warrior family at a later date to Sounji, and in the 16th century they were taken from eastern Japan by the late Sengoku period warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi as spoils of war. He placed this precious set of 100 paintings in the Hōkō-ji Temple, near Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. The painting set was then finally placed at the Rinzai Buddhist Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, Japan, in its subtemple of Soken\'in, which Hideyoshi had sponsored in honor of his predecessor, Oda Nobunaga. In 1894, the temple was in need of funds for repair, and so auctioned forty-four of the 100 painted scrolls in Boston. Ten of these paintings were sold by the Japanese during the exhibit (while the rest returned to Kyoto), while the painting *Luohan Laundering* by Lin Tinggui was given as a gift to the tour\'s American organizer. The latter then sold the painting in 1902 to Charles Lang Freer, and is now housed in the Freer Gallery of Art, part of the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.
In this famous painting of Lin Tinggui, *[Luohan Laundering](https://web.archive.org/web/20070611100744/http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/singleObject.cfm?ObjectId=1691)* (1178), five brightly colored Luohan and one attendant are seen washing their clothes and hanging them out to dry by a gushing stream moving through a dismally brown-shaded and thick-wooded landscape. On the lower right-hand corner of the painting, almost invisible to the naked eye, is a small signature penned in gold by Lin Tinggui. The Freer Gallery also has a painting from the set done by Zhou Jichang, called [*Rock Bridge at Tiantai Mountain*](https://web.archive.org/web/20070408063837/http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/singleObject.cfm?ObjectId=3358).
Several other works in the *Five Hundred Luohan* set by Lin Tinggui and Zhou Jichang alike are at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
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# Mind Control (Stephen Marley album)
***Mind Control*** is the debut album by Jamaican American artist Stephen Marley, released on 20 March 2007. The album won a Grammy in 2008 for Best Reggae Album. An acoustic version of the album was released on 23 December 2008.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
1. \"Mind Control\"
2. \"Hey Baby\" (featuring Mos Def)
3. \"Officer Jimmy\" (Interlude)
4. \"Iron Bars\" (featuring Julian Marley, Mr. Cheeks and Spragga Benz)
5. \"The Traffic Jam\" (featuring Damian Marley)
6. \"You\'re Gonna Leave\" \*
7. \"Chase Dem\"
8. \"Lonely Avenue\"
9. \"Let Her Dance\" (featuring Maya Azucena and Illestr8)
10. \"Fed Up\"
11. \"Inna Di Red\" (featuring Ben Harper)
- \"Got Music\" (Bonus Track - Limited availability)
- \"Someone to Love\" (Bonus Track - only on the Best Buy version of the album)
- \"Woman I Love You\" (Bonus Track - only with complete album purchase from iTunes Store
Enhanced CD version of this album includes \"The Traffic Jam\" music video.
- \* Featuring a sample of \"Sandpaper Kisses\" by Martina Topley-Bird
## Winding Road {#winding_road}
- The song \"Winding Road\" was removed from the album when \"Got Music?\" became \"Mind Control\". An updated version of the song featuring Bob Weir and Jack Johnson was released on his 2023 album Old Soul
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# Saga International Balloon Fiesta
The `{{nihongo|'''Saga International Balloon Fiesta'''|佐賀インターナショナルバルーンフェスタ|Saga Intānashonaru Barūn Fesuta}}`{=mediawiki} is held at the beginning of November every year in Saga Prefecture, Japan. In 2014 it took place between October 30 and November 3.
The fiesta is held just outside Saga City, along the Kase River. It has grown from a gathering of 5 hot air balloons to a competition where over 3500 people volunteer, and has gained a reputation as one of the top ballooning competitions in the world. It is also a popular time for tourists as the Karatsu Kunchi Festival is held at the same time in Karatsu. Since 1980 the launch site has been visited by over 10 million spectators.
For the duration of the event, a temporary JR station (Balloon Saga Station) ferries passengers between Saga City and Kubota.
## History
The fiesta started in 1978 in Amagi City, Fukuoka Prefecture, as a smaller ballooning event, the *Balloon Fiesta in Kyushu.* In 1980 the Fiesta was moved to the outskirts of Saga City, where there is more room. In 1984 it became an international competition and was given its present name; in the same year the first Japanese National Hot Air Balloon Championship was held, and balloonists from all over Japan came to the grounds.
Since 1984 there have been approximately 640 balloons from overseas participants (nearly 3000 crew and pilots). In 1990 the first Pacific Championship was held in Saga. Between 1990 and 1996 women from around the world gathered to participate in the Ladies World Cup. Saga was the first place to have a competition of this kind.
Beginning in 1992 a category for special shaped balloons, called *Balloon Fantasia* was created. Also started at this time was the *La Montgolfier Nocturne (The Night of Hot Air Balloons)*; tethered inflated balloons light their burners in a choreographed manner, illuminating their unique shapes. This is a highlight of the fiesta.
In November 1997 the 13th Hot Air Balloon World Championships were again held in Saga. With numbers rarely seen outside of the United States, this event was attended by over 38 countries and territories. There were 112 balloons present for the World Championship and together with the balloons that were competing in the Honda Grand Prix *Final Battle*, Balloon Fantasia, and official balloons there were 170 balloons flying through the skies of Saga.
In 1997, special days during the Fiesta were established for people to experience the balloons. These include *Heartful Day*, a day geared toward handicapped members of the community; and *Kids Day*, a hot air balloon classroom for children.
The fiesta was canceled for 2020, with the 2021 event taking place without spectators, and the 2022 event having spectators
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# Frederick Bickell Guthrie
**Frederick Bickell Guthrie** (10 December 1861 -- 7 February 1927) was an Australian agricultural chemist and a president of the Royal Society of New South Wales.
## Early life {#early_life}
Guthrie was born in Mauritius, the son of Frederick Guthrie, F.R.S. and Agnes Guthrie, née Bickell. Guthrie was educated at University College, London, and at the University of Marburg under Professor Zincke. He was assistant to the professor of chemistry at Queen\'s College, Cork, from 1882, and in 1888 became demonstrator in chemistry at the Royal College of Science, London under Sir Thomas Thorpe.
## Career in Australia {#career_in_australia}
Guthrie came to Australia in 1890 and in the same year was appointed demonstrator in chemistry at the University of Sydney under Archibald Liversidge. In 1892 he was made chemist to the New South Wales department of agriculture. In this department he did much research in connexion with soil analysis, manures, and the milling qualities of wheat. He was also closely associated with William Farrer and his work on wheat breeding; Guthrie devised methods to test small quantities of grain and assess their quality. For periods in 1896, 1904--1905, and 1908-1909 Guthrie was acting professor of chemistry at the University of Sydney. In 1901 he was president of the chemical section of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 1913 president of the agricultural section. He was elected president of the Royal Society of New South Wales for 1903 and was one of the joint honorary secretaries from 1906 to 1910. Guthrie was also an original member of the Commonwealth advisory council of science and industry. He retired from the agricultural department of New South Wales in January 1924, and died of cancer at Sydney on 7 February 1927.
## Legacy
Guthrie married Ada Adams, who survived him with a daughter. He lost his two sons in World War I. He wrote many papers for scientific societies some of which were published as pamphlets. His work as an economic and agricultural chemist was of widespread benefit to primary production in Australia. The Guthrie medal, named in his honour, is awarded every three years by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute
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# United Nations Security Council Resolution 75
**United Nations Security Council Resolution 75** was adopted on 27 September 1949. After receiving a General Assembly resolution authorizing the Security Council to make decisions on the matter, the Council decided to retroactively reimburse the Member States that were participating in the United Nations Commission for Indonesia and the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan for their travelling and subsistence expenses.
The resolution passed with a total of seven votes, while the Ukrainian SSR voted against it and Cuba, Egypt and the Soviet Union abstained
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# Robert Alan Jamieson
**Robert Alan Jamieson** (born 1958) is a poet and novelist from Shetland, Scotland. He grew up in the crofting community of Sandness. He works as a creative writing tutor at Edinburgh University, having been co-editor of the *Edinburgh Review* in 1993--1998 and a creative writing fellow at the Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde in 1998--2001.
## Novels
- *Soor Hearts* (1984)
- *Thin Wealth* (1986)
- *A Day at the Office* (1991), named by Edinburgh-based List Magazine among the 100 Best Scottish Books of All Time: \"Each page of this book -- a precursor to much modern experimental Scottish fiction -- looks more like a work of art than a novel.\"
- *Da Happie Laand* (2010)
- *MacCloud Falls* (2017)
## Poetry
Jamieson writes in the Shetland dialect of Scots. Some of his works are:
- *Shoormal* (1986)
- *Nort Atlantik Drift* (1999), reprinted in a bilingual edition in 2007. Includes \"Laamint fir da tristie\", which was selected as a poem of the week at *The Scotsman* in June 2008.
- *Ansin t\'Sjaetlin: some responses to the language question* (2005)
- *Plague Clothes* (2020)
## Theatre
- *An Aald Lion Lies Doon* (1986)
- *Beyond the Far Haaf* (1989), Libretto for a symphonic cantata, music by David Ward
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# Thomas Allinson
**Thomas Richard Allinson** (29 March 1858 -- 29 November 1918) was an English physician, dietetic reformer, businessman, journalist and vegetarianism activist. He was a proponent of wholemeal (whole grain) bread consumption. His name is still used today for a bread popular in Europe, Allinson bread.
## Career
Allinson was born in the Hulme district of Manchester on 29 March 1858. He went to school in Lancaster and Manchester and at fifteen began work as a chemist\'s assistant. With money he saved and financial help from his stepfather, he was able to attend the extramural medical school in Edinburgh, which was less expensive than the University medical school. He graduated as a Licenciate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (LRCP, LRCS) in 1879. After assistantships in Hull and the East End of London he established his own practice in Marylebone in 1885.
In 1888, Allinson married Anna Pulvermacher, an artist who exhibited at the Royal Academy; they had one daughter and three sons, including Bertrand P. Allinson and Adrian Allinson.
Allinson was a vegetarian. He noted that vegetarians do not eat fish, commenting \"the vegetarian draws a line at all things that have had life, and does not use them. As butter, cheese, eggs, and milk are not obtained by the slaughter of animals he uses them\".
His views often brought him into conflict with the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and the General Medical Council, particularly his opposition to doctors\' frequent use of toxic drugs, his opposition to vaccination and his self-promotion in the press. In 1892 he was struck off the Medical Register.
In 1892, he founded the Natural Food Company with the intention of producing and selling healthy foods; he bought a stone grinding flour mill in Bethnal Green, and a bakery was established shortly afterwards. In 1911, Allinson bought the failing magazine *Vanity Fair* from Frank Harris. He failed to revive its fortunes and, in 1914, *Vanity Fair* merged with *Hearth and Home*.
During World War I, the food value of wholemeal bread was recognised. Although it has been claimed that Allinson was offered the right to re-register during WW1, the General Medical Council has no record of this and by that time he had no registrable qualifications. His company flourished from the increased demand for whole-grain bread and meal. After his death, the company grew: two more stone-grinding mills were purchased in Newport, Monmouthshire and in 1921 Castleford, Yorkshire. The mills stand to this day.
Allinson died from tuberculosis, at his home in Marylebone, on 29 November 1918.
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# Thomas Allinson
## Hygienic Medicine {#hygienic_medicine}
During the 1880s Allinson developed his theory of medicine, which he called Hygienic Medicine. In place of orthodox medicine, he promoted health through diet, exercise, fresh air and bathing. He advocated a vegetarian diet and the avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, coffee and tea. He especially promoted the benefits of stone-ground wholemeal breads. He opposed the use of drugs by doctors, many of which at that time were ineffective and toxic and was a lifelong opponent of compulsory vaccination against smallpox. This approach became known as Allinsonian Medicine. He became medical editor of the *Weekly Times and Echo* in 1885, for which he wrote over 1000 articles during his life, as well as answering readers\' medical queries.
He wrote a number of books and pamphlets directed at a general rather than medical readership, including *A System of Hygienic Medicine* (1886), *How to avoid Vaccination* (1888), *The Advantage of Wholemeal Bread*, *Medical Essays* and *A Book for Married Women* (1894) and books on stomach diseases, consumption (tuberculosis), rheumatism, vegetarian cooking and healthy diet. He gave frequent public lectures throughout the country propounding his ideas. In one of his books, *The Advantages of Wholemeal Bread* (1889), he proposed that wholemeal bread was healthier than white (or refined) bread. He believed that smoking was a cause of cancer, which was a radical idea at the time. Allinson regularly sought publicity for his theories and practices in the press and directed his energies not just towards his colleagues but directly to the public. To demonstrate the suitability of a vegetarian diet for strenuous exercise, he undertook a walk from Edinburgh to London in 1891. He walked for 15 consecutive days, averaging 28.5 mi a day, arriving in London on Saturday, September 12.
## Views on birth control {#views_on_birth_control}
Allinson was expelled from the Vegetarian Society because of his views on birth control. Mahatma Gandhi, who was studying law in Britain at the time and was also a member of the Vegetarian Society, spoke in favour of Allinson\'s right to support contraception, despite being opposed to it.
In 1893, Allinson sued the *Vegetarian* newspaper for alleged libel as an article had been published with a comment that his theories encouraged sexual immorality. The jury decided that it was a fair comment and the action was dismissed with costs.
His *Book for Married Women* advocated equality of women and men, the right of a woman to choose the size of her family, and birth control. For this he was prosecuted and convicted under the Obscene Publications Act in 1901.
## Legacy
Allinson\'s original bread recipe (100% whole grain flour, no fat, less yeast, more water) is still used today, though some lovers of Allinson bread report that it\'s not as hearty nowadays as it used to be. The advertising slogan for the brand since the 1980s is \"Bread wi\' nowt \[*with nothing*\] taken out\".
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
- [*Medical Essays*](https://archive.org/details/b2934413x_0001/page/n3) (5 volumes, 1892)
- [*Dr. Allinson\'s Vegetarian Cookery*](https://archive
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# Hinds, New Zealand
**Hinds** is a small town in the Mid-Canterbury region of New Zealand\'s South Island. It is located on the Canterbury Plains on the south bank of the Hinds River, which reaches the Pacific Ocean between the nearby localities of Longbeach and Lowcliffe. Other localities around Hinds include Ealing to the west, Willowby, Windermere, and Winslow to the northeast, and Eiffelton to the southeast.
## Naming
The township and the surrounding district are named after the Hinds River. The river in turn was named after the Reverend Samuel Hinds, a member of the Canterbury Association that organised the settlement of Canterbury.
## History
State Highway 1 and the Main South Line railway pass through Hinds. Passenger trains have not regularly operated through Hinds since the cancellation of the daily Southerner service on 10 February 2002, but freight trains run multiple times every day. The town also has a primary school; it dates from 1881 and the original classrooms are still in use. The school\'s size was boosted in the 1930s when rural schools in Ealing, Maronan, and Lynnford were closed and their students sent to Hinds. There were plans to build a secondary school in Hinds, but these never eventuated and the primary school gained land set aside for the secondary school.
In 2011 with the closure of the rural school in Lowcliffe their students were sent to Hinds.
## Demographics
Hinds is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers 2.18 km2. It had an estimated population of `{{NZ population data 2018|Hinds|y}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Hinds|y}}|R}}/2.18|0}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^. Hinds is part of the Ealing-Lowcliffe statistical area.
Hinds had a population of 291 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 9 people (−3.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 9 people (3.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 114 households, comprising 153 males and 138 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.11 males per female, with 57 people (19.6%) aged under 15 years, 54 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 150 (51.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 36 (12.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 90.7% European/Pākehā, 14.4% Māori, 2.1% Pasifika, 2.1% Asian, and 1.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census\'s question about religious affiliation, 55.7% had no religion, 30.9% were Christian, 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.1% were Hindu, 1.0% were Muslim and 1.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 9 (3.8%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, and 75 (32.1%) people had no formal qualifications. 21 people (9.0%) earned over \$70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 129 (55.1%) people were employed full-time, 39 (16.7%) were part-time, and 12 (5.1%) were unemployed.
## Education
Hinds School is a full primary school catering for years 1 to 8. It has `{{NZ school roll data|3375|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as of `{{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}`{=mediawiki} The school opened in 1881
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# United Nations Security Council Resolution 76
**United Nations Security Council Resolution 76**, adopted on October 5, 1949, after receiving a cablegram from the Consular Commission at Batavia to the President of the Security Council requesting that the United Nations assume future costs of military observers in Indonesia the Council transmitted the message to the Secretary-General.
The resolution was adopted by nine votes to one (Ukrainian SSR) and one abstention from the Soviet Union
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# The Princess (W. S. Gilbert play)
***The Princess*** is a blank verse farcical play, in five scenes with music, by W. S. Gilbert which adapts and parodies Alfred, Lord Tennyson\'s humorous 1847 narrative poem, *The Princess*. It was first produced at the Olympic Theatre in London on 8 January 1870.
Gilbert called the piece \"a whimsical allegory \... a respectful operatic per-version\" of Tennyson\'s poem. The play was a modest success, playing for about 82 performances through April and enjoying a provincial tour. Gilbert liked the theme so much that he adapted the play as the libretto to *Princess Ida* (1884), one of his Savoy Operas with Arthur Sullivan. *The Princess* is a satire of women\'s education, a controversial subject in 1847, when Queen\'s College first opened in London, and in 1870 (Girton opened in 1869), but less so by 1884.
## Background
*The Princess* came fairly early in Gilbert\'s playwriting career, after his very successful one-act comic opera, *Ages Ago* (1869) and before *Our Island Home* (1870, another such piece). The play was Gilbert\'s first of the 1870s, a decade during which he wrote more than thirty-five plays, encompassing most genres of comedy and drama, including his series of blank verse \"fairy comedies\", beginning with *The Palace of Truth* later in 1870 and his first operas with Arthur Sullivan. In 1870, Gilbert was establishing his \"topsy-turvy\" style and proving that his capabilities extended well beyond his early burlesques and extravaganzas. *The Princess* is one of several Gilbert plays, including *The Wicked World*, *Broken Hearts*, and the later operas, *Iolanthe*, *Princess Ida*, and *Fallen Fairies*, where the introduction of males into a tranquil world of women brings \"mortal love\" that wreaks havoc with the status quo. Stedman calls this a \"Gilbertian invasion plot\".
The play is a farcical burlesque of Tennyson\'s 1847 narrative blank-verse poem, *The Princess*. Gilbert\'s play is also written in blank verse and retains Tennyson\'s basic serio-comic story line about a heroic princess who runs a women\'s college and about the prince who loves her. He and his two friends infiltrate the college disguised as female students. Gilbert returned to his play in 1883, adapting it as one of his operas with Arthur Sullivan, entitled *Princess Ida*. When Tennyson published his poem, women\'s higher education was a novel, even radical concept. When Gilbert wrote *The Princess* in 1870, women\'s higher education was still an innovative idea. Girton College, the first university-level women\'s college in Britain, had been established at the University of Cambridge in 1869. However, by the time Gilbert and Sullivan collaborated on *Princess Ida* in 1883, a women\'s college was a well-established concept. Westfield College, London\'s first women\'s college, had opened in 1882 and is cited as a model for Castle Adamant, the women\'s college in *Princess Ida*.
The lyrics to the songs in *The Princess* were set to popular tunes from popular operetta and grand opera of the time, including works by Hervé and Jacques Offenbach. The three young men are played by women, so that, during a large part of the play, women are playing men disguised as women. Gilbert had been eager to try a \"blank verse burlesque in which a picturesque story should be told in a strain of mock-heroic seriousness.\" The satire in the piece is of a higher intellectual order than the pun-filled burlesques playing in London at the time, and the publicity for the play touted this. The dialogue in *Princess Ida* is little changed from that in *The Princess*.
## Roles and original cast {#roles_and_original_cast}
- King Hildebrand -- David Fisher
- Prince Hilarion, his Son -- Maria Simpson (Mrs. W. H. Liston)
- Cyril and Florian, his friends, Noblemen of King Hildebrand\'s Court -- Augusta Thompson and Miss Montgomery
- King Gama -- Mr. Elliot
- Prince Arac, Prince Guron, and Prince Scynthius, his Sons -- Jessie Earle, Miss Harrington and Miss Ewell
- Atho, King Hildebrand\'s Chamberlain -- Mr. Franks
- First Officer and Second Officer -- Arthur Brown and Mr. Davis
- Gobbo a Porter -- Mr. St. Maur
- Princess Ida, Daughter of King Gama and Principal of the Ladies\' University -- Mattie Reinhardt
- Lady Psyche, Professor of Experimental Science -- Fanny Addison
- Lady Blanche, Professor of Abstract Philosophy -- Mrs. Poynter
- Melissa, her Daughter -- Patti Josephs
- Bertha, Ada, Chloe, Sacharissa, Sylvia, Phoebe, Amarinthe, and Laura -- Misses Joy, Clyfoard, Moore, Alma, Everard, Fitzjames, Corinne, Graham and Clara
- Lady Undergraduates
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# The Princess (W. S. Gilbert play)
## Scenes and story {#scenes_and_story}
The play is divided into five scenes:
- Scene First -- Court in King Hildebrand\'s Palace.
- Scene Second -- The Gates of Castle Adamant.
- Scene Third -- Grounds of Castle Adamant.
- Scene Fourth -- Hildebrand\'s Camp before Ida\'s Castle.
- Scene Fifth -- Inner Gate of Castle Adamant.
The plot is essentially the same as the later opera: Ida\'s misshapen father, King Gama, and his three hulking sons (played as breeches roles in *The Princess*) arrive at the court of King Hildebrand. They bring news that the beautiful Princess Ida, to whom Hildebrand\'s son, Prince Hilarion, was betrothed in infancy, will not honour her marriage vows. She rules a women\'s university and excludes all men from entering. Hilarion and two companions (also played by women) disguise themselves as female students and sneak inside the walls, but they are soon discovered, eventually causing chaos and panic, during which the prince has occasion to save Ida\'s life. Hildebrand agrees to give Ida a chance: The outcome of a tournament pitting her three brothers against Hilarion and his two friends will decide whether she must marry the Prince. In the battle, the Prince and his friends wound Ida\'s brothers, after which she accepts the Prince as her husband, admitting that she loves him (in Tennyson\'s poem, the Prince is defeated, but Ida, nursing him to health, comes to love him)
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# Electoral district of Badgerys Creek
**Badgerys Creek** is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is located on the outskirts of Greater Western Sydney.
## History
Badgerys Creek was first established in 1991, replacing Minchinbury. It was abolished in 1999 and replaced by Mulgoa. A redistribution ahead of the 2023 election abolished Mulgoa and re-established Badgerys Creek. Based on the results of the 2019 election, it is estimated to have a notional margin of 9.7 percent for the Liberal Party. `{{TOC limit|3}}`{=mediawiki}
## Geography
On its current boundaries, Badgerys Creek takes in the suburbs of Badgerys Creek, Bradfield, Bringelly, Cecil Park, Erskine Park, Glenmore Park, Greendale, Horsley Park, Luddenham, Mount Vernon, Mulgoa, Oran Park, Regentville, St Clair, Wallacia and parts of Catherine Field, Cobbitty, Kemps Creek and Orchard Hills
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# The Hong Kong
**The Hong Kong** originally formed in New Orleans, but became more established after regrouping in Brooklyn. They are known for mixing a 1960s feel with modern indie rock sensibilities. They have also been compared to Blondie. In 2000, the band released their first album, the instrumental *Lights At Night*, which included a post-rock sound that would become much less evident in the group\'s future efforts. 2003 saw the release of *Rock The Faces*, which Allmusic said \"is junk-shop pop at its finest. Built out of parts of various great bands and artists, it shines like a brand new artifact\" (\[`{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r667212|pure_url=yes}}`{=mediawiki} link\]).
In January 2005, The Hong Kong went into the studio to record with Ric Ocasek of The Cars producing. Soon after, they signed to his label, Inverse Records. That Ocasek took the band under his wing was evidenced by their backing him up at live shows, such as a September 2005 performance at CBGB.
In 2006, the band released a video for a song called \"Tongue-Tied.\" The video featured Culpepper with Dean Wareham (Luna / Galaxie 500) as Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow
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# Electoral district of Minchinbury
**Minchinbury** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1988 to 1991, which included the suburb of Minchinbury. Its only member was Anne Cohen, a member of the Liberal Party. It was replaced by Badgerys Creek
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# The Mormons (band)
**The Mormons** are an American punk rock band formed in 1998 in Los Angeles. The band\'s influences include Devo, Minor Threat, Screeching Weasel, Bad Brains and Talking Heads. Although no band members are members of the LDS Church, they wear outfits inspired by Mormon missionaries: bicycle helmets, backpacks, stud belts, Dickies, scatterings of facial hair and thrift store ties.
The Mormons have been featured in *The Salt Lake Tribune* and *L.A. Alternative*. They have received a write-up in *BYU NewsNet*.
The current band lineup consists of Patrick Jones (vocals), Vince O\'Campo (guitar, vocals), Pete Tintle (guitar), Johnny Ramirez (Bass), and Tim Neumann (Drums)
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# Mount Crawford (South Australia)
**Mount Crawford** is a hill in the locality also named Mount Crawford in South Australia approximately 15 km north of Birdwood in the Mount Lofty Ranges.
## History
The Indigenous name for Mount Crawford was *Teetáka*. The mount was given its present name in 1839 by Charles Sturt after James Coutts Crawford (1817--1889). Crawford had a Royal Navy background. He and his drovers arrived overland from NSW in April 1839 with 700 cattle, setting up a hut and cattle run at the base of the mount. Crawford soon moved on to be a pioneer of Wellington, New Zealand.
In February 1840 Crawford\'s hutkeeper, an old soldier, was bailed up by bushrangers Curran, Hughes, and Fox, who robbed him of his arms and rations. Curran and Hughes were executed by hanging at Adelaide on 16 March 1840 for an armed robbery committed earlier near Gawler.
: Geoff Manning, in his *Place Names of South Australia*, gives a different derivation: E.J.F. Crawford (later proprietor of Hindmarsh Brewery), the explorer J.F. Crawford, and T.G.T. Crawford, sons of Capt. Crawford, master of HMS *Victorious* ran sheep in the area.
Pioneer families during the first decades of closer settlement included surnames Coleman, Hammat, Rankine, Polden, Murray, Warren, and Whyte. The subsequent history was one of mining and pastoralism, until being largely replaced by forestry and recreation activities.
An alluvial goldrush occurred in the area in the late nineteenth century, and fossicking still goes on in the area today.
## Mount Crawford Forest {#mount_crawford_forest}
Mount Crawford also refers to the **Mount Crawford Forest** which is a grouping of several government forest lands in the area, the largest encompassing the area around Mount Crawford - others are to the west at Mount Gawler and south around Cudlee Creek and Kangaroo Creek Dam. The Barossa Valley is directly to the north. The forest headquarters and an information centre are located near Mount Crawford. Most of the timber grown are pine trees, though there are some native eucalypt plantations. The Heysen Trail passes through the forests. The forests are also popularly used for recreational purposes, with school fairs and camps being held there, along with a rally car race
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# Lights at Night
***Lights at Night*** was the first studio album by The Hong Kong.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Cryptazoic\" - 5:41
2. \"Lifestylz\" - 3:14
3. \"Squaretriangle\" - 3:12
4. \"Winning Mission\" - 6:30
5. \"Secret Weapons\" - 7:53
6
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# Wood and Walters
***Wood and Walters*** is a British television comedy sketch show starring Julie Walters and Victoria Wood for Granada Television and written entirely by Wood. The show was short-lived, with one pilot in 1981 and a series of seven shows in 1982.
## Background
Both women had first met at Manchester Polytechnic in 1970, Wood was hoping to enroll, and Walters was coming to the end of her course. They met again in 1978 when they both appeared in the same revue *In at the Death* at The Bush Theatre in London.
Wood had been initially spotted by Granada\'s head of drama, Peter Eckersley, performing in her self-written play *Talent* at Sheffield\'s Crucible Theatre, who asked her to recreate it for television (his widow is actress Anne Reid, who would appear as Jean in Wood\'s 1998 sitcom *dinnerladies*). The TV version of *Talent* and its sequel *Nearly a Happy Ending*, would also co-star Walters.
## Pilot -- *Wood and Walters: Two Creatures Great and Small* {#pilot_wood_and_walters_two_creatures_great_and_small}
- Broadcast 1 January 1981
After she had turned down the female role in the satirical sketch show *Not the Nine O\'Clock News* in 1979, Eckersley offered Wood a sketch show of her own in 1980. However, Wood agreed only on the understanding that Walters received equal billing, not feeling confident enough as yet to go it alone. Wood had in fact only ever written one sketch three years earlier before being given her own show. She fell back on songs, which she felt was her strength, the pilot contained four in 30 minutes. The sketches concerned themselves with Marriage Guidance Council, keep fit classes, DIY and gossip. Wood hated the finished result, so was very surprised that the show was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Light Entertainment Programme alongside *The Two Ronnies*, *The Kenny Everett Video Show* and *The Stanley Baxter Series* (which won).
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# Wood and Walters
## Series
- Broadcast 1 January 1982 -- 21 February 1982
For the series a year later, the \'Two Creatures Great and Small\' adjunct had been dropped, as critics commenting on Wood\'s weight had been beginning to get to her (though she did also say later she was delighted that she was once described as \"dominating the stage like a witty tank\").
The show was not a happy experience as, in the intervening time since the pilot, the show\'s producer (and Wood\'s mentor) Peter Eckersley had died of cancer. It was a terrible blow to Wood who said \"he had lots of ideas for the series...but he never told me what they were. His value to me was inestimable. He had a marvellous eye for what was unnecessary and great attention to detail. He had liked the first material for the series but never saw any of the other stuff.\" Wood was not impressed by his replacement for the series, Brian Armstrong, and was of the opinion that he had hired several unsuitable actors.
The studio audience was generally filled with pensioners who often had difficulty understanding Wood\'s refined humour. Before one sketch, the warm up man had to explain to them what a boutique was. Wood said she heard one disgusted audience member say to her friend: \"You realise we're missing Brideshead for this\".
Sketches for *Wood and Walters* included
- [The Woman With 740 Children](http://www2.prestel.co.uk/cello/TheWomanwith740Children.htm), in which Wood played a woman who overdosed on a fertility drug. Much to her surprise, Granada hired 70 babies to appear in the sketch.
- ['Girl Talking'](http://www2.prestel.co.uk/cello/GirlsTalking.htm) was an expert parody of social realist documentaries, and
- ['Northerners'](http://www2.prestel.co.uk/cello/Northerners.htm) was a song parodying stereotypes of the North of England.
A regular character on the show was Dotty. The items entitled \"Dotty\'s Slot\" featured Walters as Dotty, who performed a witty monologue by a middle-class housewife discussing all matters national and trivial, such as in the sketch ['Dotty on Women's Lib'](http://www2.prestel.co.uk/cello/DottyonWomensLib.htm). As a character, she shares many similarities with a later Wood creation \'Kitty\' (as played by Patricia Routledge).
Rik Mayall also appeared in a one-off monologue as a chauvinistic feminist called Mitch, filling a similar guest slot as he had with Kevin Turvey in the sketch show *A Kick Up the Eighties*. Another alternative comedy innovator to appear on the show was John Dowie, who had already toured with Wood in 1978.
Wood\'s view of the series was \"Some bits of it were good, some deadly\".
Around this time, Wood made a weekly musical appearance in the BBC Radio 2 show *The Little and Large Party*, narrated an Arts Council film on the pantomime dame, and was profiled in the schools programme *Scene*. Walters would also appear with Michael Angelis in 1982 as his wife in Alan Bleasdale\'s *Boys from the Blackstuff*.
*Wood and Walters* place in British comedy history can be seen as that of a dry run for the more popular and acclaimed *Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV* which aired on BBC television between 1985 and 1987, which shared some of the same elements such as pseudo-documentaries, songs, sketches, as well as co-starring Walters and Preston.
Although consisting of seven episodes, the seventh in the series was a compilation of sketches and songs pulled from the earlier six parts and the pilot.
## Home media {#home_media}
The series was released on DVD by Network on 18 October 2010. The release included all seven episodes and the original \"Two Creatures Great and Small\" pilot episode on a single disc
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# Klang–Banting Highway
**Klang--Banting Highway**, **Federal route 5**, is a highway that connects Klang in the north with the town of Banting in the south. It is also known as **Jalan Langat** or **Persiaran Tengku Ampuan Rahimah**
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# La fille du tambour-major
thumb\|upright=1.75\|alt=theatre poster showing massed troops in early 19th century uniforms\|Poster for 1889 revival ***La fille du tambour-major*** (`{{IPA|fr|la fij dy tɑ̃buʁ maʒɔʁ}}`{=mediawiki}, *The Drum Major\'s Daughter*) is an opéra comique in three acts, with music by Jacques Offenbach and words by Alfred Duru and Henri Chivot. It was one of the composer\'s last works, premiered less than a year before his death. It opened at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, Paris, on 13 December 1879, and, after a successful initial run, was frequently revived in Paris and internationally, but in recent times has not been among the Offenbach operas most frequently staged.
The plot, which has elements in common with Gaetano Donizetti\'s 1840 comic opera *La fille du régiment*, depicts a young woman discovering her real identity, renouncing her aristocratic upbringing, and marrying a dashing soldier. `{{TOC limit|2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Background and first performance {#background_and_first_performance}
After immense success in the 1860s, Offenbach suffered a brief period of unpopularity with the Parisian public in the early 1870s for his association with the fallen Second Empire. His position as the pre-emininent composer of operetta was threatened by the rise of Charles Lecocq, but by the later years of the 1870s he had recovered his popularity. *Madame Favart* (1878) had run for more than 200 performances at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques: a run of half that length was reckoned a success in the Parisian theatres of the time. The writers Alfred Duru and Henri Chivot were established authors of librettos for comic operas, having collaborated with Lecocq, Léon Vasseur, Edmond Audran and, in 1868, Offenbach (*L\'île de Tulipatan*). To follow *Madame Favart* the three wrote *La fille du tambour-major* for the Folies-Dramatiques and its company, which starred Parisian favourites including Juliette Simon-Girard, Caroline Girard and Simon-Max. The story of the new work was regarded as a variation on Gaetano Donizetti\'s *La fille du régiment* (1840). In the earlier work the heroine, who has been brought up by an army regiment, is in reality, the daughter of a marchioness; in Duru and Chivot\'s version, the heroine\'s mother is a duchesse, and her father is drum major of an army demi-brigade.
The opera was first staged at the Folies-Dramatiques on 13 December 1879. It was billed as the composer\'s 100th work.`{{refn|In his 1981 biography of Offenbach, [[Alexander Faris]] comments, "It depends how you count". In his list of the composer's works there are several operas that were so extensively revised for revivals as to count as new works.<ref>Faris, pp. 191, 229 and 236–250</ref>|group=n}}`{=mediawiki} It received a standing ovation, and was the last of his premieres that he lived to attend. The piece was very successful, running for over 240 performances, taking more than 600,000 francs at the box office,`{{refn|Equivalent to approximately €2,751,138 in modern terms.<ref name=value>[https://www.historicalstatistics.org/Currencyconverter.html "Historical currency converter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815152147/http://www.historicalstatistics.org/Currencyconverter.html |date=2018-08-15 }}, Historicalstatistics.org. Retrieved 13 April 2019</ref>|group=n}}`{=mediawiki} and was still playing when the composer died in October 1880.
## Roles
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, December 13, 1879\ |
| | | (Conductor: - ) |
+=================================================================+===============+===================================+
| Stella, *putative daughter of the Della Voltas* | soprano | Juliette Simon-Girard |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Duc Della Volta | tenor | Édouard Maugé |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Duchesse Della Volta | mezzo-soprano | Caroline Girard |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Robert, *a lieutenant* | baritone | Lepers |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Monthabor, *a drum-major* | bass | François-Louis Luco |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Griolet, *a drummer* | tenor | Simon-Max |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Claudine, *regimental vivandière* | soprano | Noémie Vernon |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Mother Superior | soprano | Hélène Réval |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Marquis Bambini | tenor | Bartel |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Clampas | baritone | Henriot |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Francesca | soprano | Listrelle |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Soldiers, Nuns, Convent inmates, Gentlemen and Ladies, People* | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------+
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# La fille du tambour-major
## Synopsis
The opera is set in northern Italy at the beginning of the 19th century.
### Act I {#act_i}
#### The garden of a convent school in the town of Biella. {#the_garden_of_a_convent_school_in_the_town_of_biella.}
The convent is in a war zone, as the revolutionary French army and the occupying Austrians fight for possession of the territory. As the French forces advance, the Mother Superior of the convent moves her pupils to safety in a more secure buildings, forgetting that one pupil, Stella, has been left behind, locked up in the linen cupboard as a punishment for singing a seditious, anti-Austrian, pro-French song. The French troops arrive, led by Lieutenant Robert; among their number are the drummer, Griolet, and the drum major, Monthabor. The men are tired, hungry and thirsty. Their vivandière, Claudine, cannot help them, as her supplies of food and drink have run out. The soldiers raid the convent\'s stores, and in doing so they find Stella. She is rather frightened at first, but the charm of the dashing Lieutenant Robert reassures her, and she offers to prepare a meal for them all.
The obvious mutual attraction of Robert and Stella annoys Claudine, who is much attracted to the lieutenant. She, in turn, is oblivious to the devotion of the ex-tailor Griolet, who tries in vain to engage her interest. The genial Monthabor is unimpressed with all talk of romance and marriage. He tells his comrades that in civilian life, when he was a dyer in Paris, he met a pretty washerwoman, and married her -- a grave mistake as she was impossible to live with and they divorced a few years later. She vanished, taking their only child, a daughter, with her. The soldiers eat the excellent meal Stella has made for them, and march on, somewhat reluctantly on Robert\'s part, as he is loth to leave Stella. Once the French have left, the Duc della Volta and the effete Marquis Ernesto Bambini enter. The marquis has a financial hold over the duc, who is accordingly willing to allow Bambini to marry Stella. Suddenly the garden fills with people. The Mother Superior and her girls have been unable to reach their intended sanctuary and return, surrounded by the French soldiers. The duc is scandalised when he learns that Stella has been left alone with a detachment of enemy troops, but she firmly defends their conduct towards her. The duc angrily hustles her away.
### Act II {#act_ii}
#### The ducal palace in Novara {#the_ducal_palace_in_novara}
While Stella continues to refuse to marry Bambini, the duc and duchesse attempt to persuade her and to keep Bambini happy. The French army has continued its advance and has arrived at Novara. Robert, Monthabor and Griolet take temporary residence in the palace, as does Claudine, determined to keep an eye on Robert, under the same roof as Stella. While this is going on, the duc\'s guests begin arriving for a ball intended to mark Stella\'s wedding. The party is interrupted by Monthabor, who comes to protest at being lodged in the attic. He comes face to face with the duchesse: they are both thunderstruck. She is his ex-wife and the mother of his daughter. The duchesse hastily orders that the Frenchmen are to be given the best rooms in the house, and she denies to Monthabor that Stella is his long-lost child. Stella finds herself alone with Robert. The two young people are quick to admit their mutual love. Monthabor is not satisfied with the explanations of his ex-wife. He questions Stella about her childhood and soon realises that she truly is his daughter. Stella changes into a new vivandiere uniform (made by Griolet and intended for Claudine) and announces to the assembled guests that she is French and the daughter of the drum-major. She has decided to follow her real father, but at this point the Austrian army, counter-attacking, invades the palace, and the act ends with a battle.
### Act III {#act_iii}
#### Scene 1: The Golden Lion inn, Milan {#scene_1_the_golden_lion_inn_milan}
Claudine and Robert have been separated from their comrades during the skirmish, and they take refuge at an inn run by her uncle, a strongly pro-French activist, who distributes French tricolore flags to his customers. The duc and Bambini arrive in pursuit, assuming Robert has Stella with him. Stella arrives with Griolet and Monthabor: the three are convincingly disguised as, respectively, a little English coachman, a young Italian lord, and a Capuchin friar. Robert is recognised and arrested. The duc agrees to have him released on condition that Stella marries Bambini.
#### Scene 2: A square in Milan {#scene_2_a_square_in_milan}
The bridal procession enters. The bridal veil conceals the fact the Claudine has secretly taken Stella\'s place, to thwart the duc\'s plans. Robert, who does not know of the substitution, intervenes to prevent the sacrifice of the one he loves, and the subterfuge is discovered. The duc, furious, orders everyone arrested but, as the police lead Robert and Claudine away, martial music is heard. The main French army has entered Milan. Soldiers pour into the square and the jubilant people wave French flags. The duc prudently has a complete change of loyalties. Robert is freed to go to his Stella and Claudine gives the faithful Griolet her hand and heart, and a double wedding can take place.
: Source: *Gänzl\'s Book of the Musical Theatre*.
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# La fille du tambour-major
## Numbers
Act I
- Overture
- Choeur des pensionnaires \"Reçois sainte madone\", Chanson du fruit défendu \"Prenez les grappes empourprées\" -- Chorus of the boarders \"Receive holy Madonna\", Song of forbidden fruit \"Pick the red clusters\" -- Stella
- Choeur et couplets \"Par une chaleur si forte\" -- Chorus and couplets \"With so much heat\" -- Robert, Griolet, Monthabor, chorus
- Couplets de l\'âne \"Ce n\'est pas un âne ordinaire\" -- Couplets of the donkey \"This is not an ordinary donkey\" -- Claudine, all
- Ensemble \"De grâce, ayez pitié de moi\" -- Ensemble \"Please, have mercy on me\" -- Stella, Robert, soldiers
- Couplets du tailleur \"Tout en tirant mon aiguille\" -- Tailor\'s couplets \"While pulling my needle\" -- Griolet
- Choeur \"Puisque le couvert est mis\", Couplets \"Depuis longtemps l\'Italie... Petit Français, brave Français -- Chorus \"Because the table is set\", Couplets \"For a long time Italy \... Little Frenchman, brave Frenchman -- Stella
- Légende \"Il était une grand princess\" -- Legend \"There was a great princess\" -- Claudine, Griolet
- Final I: Ensemble \"Messieurs, les militaires\", Couplets \"Pour recevoir un régiment\" Final \"Allons, dépêchons et partons\" -- Finale I: Ensemble \"Gentlemen, the military\", Couplets \"To receive a regiment\" , Finale \"Come, hurry and leave\" -- Stella, all
Act II
- Entr\'acte
- Couplets \"Examinez ma figure\" -- Couplets \"Examine my face\" -- the Duchess
- Rondeau \" Ah ! vraiment je le déclare\" -- Rondeau \"Ah! I really declare it \" -- Stella
- Quatuor du billet de logement \"C\'est un billet de logement\" -- Quartet of the billetting notice \"It is a billet of lodging\" -- Robert, the Duke, Monthabor, Griolet
- Couplets \" Eh bien ! en voilà des manières\" -- Couplets \"Well! There are ways \" -- Claudine
- Ensemble et valse \"Dansons et valsons\" -- Ensemble and waltz \"Dansons et valsons\" -- Chorus, the Duke, Monthabor, the Duchess
- Duo \"Tenez, j\'aurai de la franchise\" -- Duet \"Here, I\'ll have frankness\" -- Stella, Robert
- Couplets de l\'uniforme \"le voilà, ce bel uniforme\" -- Couplets of the uniform \"Here it is, this beautiful uniform\" -- Griolet
- Final II: Choeur \"Par devant monsieur le notaire\" , Chanson de la fille du Tambour Major \"Que m\'importe un titre éclatant\" Final -- Finale II: Chorus \"In front of Monsieur le Notaire\", Song of the Drum Major\'s daughter \"What do I care for a brilliant title\" Finale -- Stella
Act III
- Entr\'acte
- Choeur et scène \"Chut, il faut de la prudence\" (Claudine, Robert Clampin), Tarentelle \"Nous étions à Novare\" -- Chorus and scene \"Hush, we must be cautious\" (Claudine, Robert Clampin), Tarantella \"We were in Novara\" -- Robert, Claudine, choir
- Gigue \"Je suis le p\'tit cocher\" -- Gigue \"I\'m the little coachman\" -- Stella, all
- Quatuor \"Oui, ce sont vos amis\" (Stella, Griolet, Robert, -- Quartet \"Yes, they are your friends\" -- Stella, Griolet, Robert, Monthabor
- Duo de la confession \"L\'autre jour, contre toute attente\" -- Duet of confession \"The other day, against all odds\" -- Monthabor, the Duchess
- Final III: Choeur nuptial \"Un mariag\' s\'apprête\", ensemble, \"Ecoutez, c\'est le chant du départ\" et final \" La fille du tambour-major\" -- Finale III: Bridal Chorus \"A Husband Is Getting Ready\", Together, \"Listen, It\'s the Song of Departure\" and Finale \"The Drum Major\'s Daughter\" -- all
:
: Source: Vocal score.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
The opera was generally well received. The critic Félix Clément was tepid, writing of unoriginal music and short-breathed phrases, but he found numbers to praise, specifically Stella\'s song of the forbidden fruit, Claudine\'s song of the donkey, Griolet\'s sewing song and several of the dance numbers. Edouard Noël and Edmond Stoullig, in *Les annales du théâtre et de la musique*, praised the work highly, and said it deserved a long run. Among modern critics, Richard Traubner writes of \"so exciting, so thrilling a score, set to an amusing libretto\". The authors of *The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music* write that the piece \"fizzes with good tunes\", has one of the composer\'s best waltz-tunes, a dashing tarantella, and an abundance of good character numbers.
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# La fille du tambour-major
## Revivals
In Paris there were revivals at the Folies-Dramatiques (1884), the Théâtre de la Gaîté (1889, 1891 and 1913), the Théâtre du Château d'Eau (1901), the Gaîté-Lyrique (1920 and 1945. The first Gaîté production surpassed the box-office success of the 1879 run, earning nearly a million francs.`{{refn|€4,840,571 in modern terms.<ref name=value/>|group=n}}`{=mediawiki}
In April 1880 productions opened at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna and the Alhambra Theatre, London. The latter, in an English version by H.`{{space}}`{=mediawiki}B.`{{space}}`{=mediawiki}Farnie, starred Constance Loseby and Fred Leslie, with the role of Griolet played *en travesti* by Fannie Leslie. The production ran there until January 1881, when it transferred to the Connaught Theatre, with a different cast. The work was given in French at the Shaftesbury Theatre, London, in 1908.
A New York production, sung in French by Maurice Grau\'s company, opened at the Standard Theatre in September 1880. Farnie\'s English version, starring Selina Dolaro, opened at the 14th Street Theatre the following month. Dolaro later toured the US in the piece. Under the title *The Drum Major* another English version played at the Casino Theatre in 1889, starring Pauline Hall. An Australian production opened in June 1881, and In Berlin the opera was given at the Walhalla Theater in September 1883.
In more recent times, the work has been presented by the Odéon, Marseille (May 2018), but has not been among Offenbach\'s more frequently revived operas.
## Recordings
- [Recordings on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk](http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLOFFILL
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# Rock the Faces
***Rock the Faces*** is an EP by the band The Hong Kong released in 2003.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Mazerati\" -- 3:12
2. \"Galaxies\" -- 2:48
3. \"Birds\" -- 3:07
4. \"Rock The Faces\" -- 3:22
5. \"Super Collider\" -- 3:09
6. \"Disappear\" -- 1:54
7. \"All That Empty Space\" -- 3:08
8
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# Reputation and Rarities
***Reputation and Rarities*** is a repackaged/re-released version of British singer Dusty Springfield\'s 1990 studio album, *Reputation*.
## Background
In late 1987, there was a resurgence of interest in Springfield\'s career, which was a direct result of her work with Pet Shop Boys on the duet \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\", released in November of the same year. The single reached #2 in the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and #2 in the UK Singles Chart, Springfield\'s highest simultaneous charting single ever. Springfield then worked with Pet Shop Boys on two further solo singles \"Nothing Has Been Proved\", originally from the film *Scandal*, and \"In Private\", both UK Top 20 hits for Springfield in 1989. The culmination of Springfield\'s new success was the album *Reputation*, released in 1990. The original album was released only in the UK and reached #18 in the UK Albums Chart, Springfield\'s first hit album in her native country in over twenty years.
## 1997 release
In 1997, the album was re-released (this time in America as well) as *Reputation and Rarities*, and included the entire *Reputation* album, along with two tracks recorded for the album, but never used or released until then, the ballads \"Any Other Fool\", written by Diane Warren and Robbie Buchanan, and \"When Love Turns to Blue\", a collaboration with British pop duo Climie Fisher. Also included was \"Getting It Right\", written and produced by Steve Tyrell in early 1989 for the British movie of the same name, first released as one of the B-sides to the single \"Reputation\", and the original 12\" mix of the biggest hit from the album, \"In Private\".
*Reputation and Rarities* was subsequently given a second re-release by EMI\'s European mid-price label Disky Communications, then repackaged with a third set of cover art.
This release, with original 1997 cover art, is the only form of *Reputation* album available in digital distribution and streaming from Warner Music Group, current holder of album\'s copyrights.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Reputation\" (Brian Spence) -- 4:14
2. \"Send It to Me\" (Allee Willis, Lauren Wood) -- 3:57
3. \"Arrested by You\" (Rupert Hine, Jeanette Obstoj) -- 4:11
4. \"Time Waits for No One\" (Holly Knight, Dan Hartman) -- 3:06
5. \"Born This Way\" (Geoffrey Williams & Simon Stirling) -- 3:50
6. \"In Private\" (Neil Tennant, Chris Lowe) -- 4:22
7. \"Daydreaming\" (Tennant, Lowe) -- 4:57
8. \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" (Tennant, Lowe) -- 4:42
9. \"I Want to Stay Here\" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) -- 2:49
10. \"Occupy Your Mind\" (Tennant, Lowe) -- 6:49
### Bonus tracks {#bonus_tracks}
1. \"Any Other Fool\" (Diane Warren, Robbie Buchanan) -- 4:24
2. \"When Love Turns to Blue\" (Climie Fisher) -- 3:44
3. \"Getting It Right\" (Steve Tyrell, Stephanie Tyrell, Colin Townes) -- 3:38
4
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# Gulfport School District
The **Gulfport School District** is a public school district based in Gulfport, Mississippi (USA).
## Schools
### High school {#high_school}
- Gulfport High School
### Middle schools {#middle_schools}
- Bayou View Middle School
- Gulfport Central Middle School
### Elementary schools {#elementary_schools}
- Anniston Avenue Elementary School
- Bayou View Elementary School
- Central Elementary School
- Pass Road Elementary School
- Twenty-Eighth St. Elementary School
- West Elementary School
### Alternative
- High School GED Program \"The Blue School\"
- The Learning Center
### Virtual
- GSD Virtual Academy
## Demographics
### 2022-23 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 6,113 students enrolled in the Gulfport School District during the 2022-2023 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 50% female and 50% male. The racial makeup of the district was 52.4% Black or African American, 33.5% White, 8.6% Hispanic or Latino, 1.2% Asian, and 4.0% Multiracial. 56.4% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch. 71.9% of the district\'s students participate in the federal free and reduced price meal program
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# Locke Street (Hamilton, Ontario)
**Locke Street** is a Lower City collector road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off at Aberdeen Avenue as a two-way street going through the Locke Street shopping district up to Main Street where it then becomes a one-way street until it crosses King Street and becomes two-way again going north past Victoria Park and ends just past Barton Street West on Tecumseh Street, a road that winds West and leads to the back-end of Dundurn Park.
## History
thumb
The origins of Locke Street\'s name can be traced back as early as 1840, when it was spelled \"Lock\"; by 1870 the spelling was standardized to \"Locke.\" North of King Street West was known as Railway Street because it ran to the Great Western Railway yards. Locke Street North is mostly residential and in the 1800s most of the homes there belonged to the railway workers and their families.
Locke Street is a \"street of churches\" and a \"hub for antique shops.\" The early churches were founded as follows:
- 1886: Locke Street Presbyterian Church
- 1891: Saint John the Evangelist Anglican Church
- 1893: Saint Joseph\'s Roman Catholic Church
- 1897: Immanuel Congregational Church
- 1897: Herkimer Street Baptist Church
Prior to 1853, just south of Herkimer Street on Locke was the site of the Beasley Racetrack. The racetrack was named after its owner and operator Richard Beasley (1761--1842), who was a soldier, political figure, farmer and businessman. It was a popular spot featuring both trotting and steeplechase racing.
Just off Locke near Charlton, the Hamilton Amateur Athletic Association Grounds is a park that was home to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats from 1872--1949. Today it is also the site of the Hamilton Tennis Club. Before it was used for football, the park was the site of a cricket club, and in 1860 a racquet club was established near the present site of the Hamilton Tennis Club. In 1870, Locke South was described as a \"sparsely populated mud track.\"
Despite rapid expansion of the city, Locke Street South was still an isolated area. On the other hand, Locke Street North continued with its residential growth and the development of Victoria Park and the opening of the Crystal Palace. The Crystal Palace opened up at Victoria Park on 20 September 1860 by Edward, Prince of Wales (who later became King Edward VII). It was home to the area\'s largest fall fair (agriculture exhibition) for many years. The *Hamilton Herald* reported on 22 September 1890 that \"The Carnival of Venice, The Paris Exposition or the World\'s Fair in Chicago will be nowhere tomorrow when the great Central Fair is opened at the Crystal Palace Grounds in this city.\" The structure was demolished in 1891.
By 1885, Locke Street South began to grow, after a brick sewer was constructed and gas lines were laid. In 1889, Wesley Vollick, a cabinet maker, built a small brick cottage that in 1924 became the Locke Street Library.
In 1890, The Hamilton Street Railway (HSR) built its western terminus on the northeast corner of Locke & Herkimer Streets. A two-storey tram building and horse barn which could accommodate up to 42 horses and 12 tram cars. As well, the Hamilton-Dundas Electric Railway line, nicknamed the \"Dundas Dummy\", travelled along Aberdeen Avenue and crossed over Locke Street South.
In 2000, Locke Street South celebrated its 150th anniversary.
In March 2018 a small group of people vandalized businesses on Locke Street in response to gentrification in Hamilton.
## Festivals
Locke Street has festivals held throughout the year. One is called Spring Blooms on Locke, an annual festival that marks the end of winter and is also a fundraiser for sick children. The Locke Street Festival where each September the street is closed off for a day with live entertainment, street vendors, and food. The Christmas Open House celebrates the holidays with businesses open late, food, drink, and carollers each November
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# 3BA
**3BA** (call sign: **3RBA**) is a commercial radio station in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia broadcasting on the FM band on a frequency of 102.3 MHz.
Together with its sister station Power FM, it is owned by ARN. The station plays \"Great Classics & Today\'s Favourites\", which ranges from the 80s to Today.
3BA moved from AM (1314) to FM (102.3) on 5 May 1998.
Today, 3BA\'s old 1314 frequency currently relays [1](http://www.rsn.net.au) RSN 927 whose signal also travels to Ararat, Colac, Hamilton, Stawell and Warrnambool.
In November 2021, 3BA, along with other stations owned by Grant Broadcasters, were acquired by the Australian Radio Network. This deal will allow Grant\'s stations, including 3BA, to access ARN\'s iHeartRadio platform in regional areas. The deal was finalized on 4 January 2022. It is expected 3BA will integrate with ARN\'s Pure Gold Network, but will retain its current name according to the press release from ARN.
## On-Air Schedule {#on_air_schedule}
### Weekdays
- 12:00am--06:00am -- Ballarat\'s 102.3FM 3BA
- 06:00am--10:00am -- \'The Big Show\' with Paul \'PT\' Taylor
- 10:00am--12:00pm -- \'Ballarat Today\' with Brett Macdonald
- 12:00pm--02:00pm -- \'Lunchtime\' with Jules
- 02:00pm--05:00pm -- \'Afternoons\'
- 05:00pm--06:00pm -- \'The Christian O\'Connell Show\'
- 06:00pm--07:00pm -- \'Jam Nation with Jonesy and Amanda\'
- 07:00pm--09:00pm -- \'20--20 Retro Countdown\' with Andrew Thain
- 09:00pm--12:00am -- Ballarat\'s 102.3FM 3BA
### Saturdays
- 12:00am--06:00am -- Ballarat\'s 102.3FM 3BA
- 06:00am--12:00pm -- Frank Clark (Lifestyle Programs)
- 12:00pm--12:00am -- Ballarat\'s 102.3FM 3BA
### Sundays
- 12:00am--12:00am -- Ballarat\'s 102
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# Steven Tari
**Steven Garasai Tari** (1971 -- 29 August 2013), also known as **Black Jesus**, was a Papua New Guinean religious figure, leader of a Christian-influenced cargo cult, who claimed to be the Messiah or the Christ, and is notorious for alleged rape and murder.
He was convicted of four counts of rape in 2010 and sentenced to 20 years in prison. He escaped in March 2013, and remained at large for several months, until he was hacked to death by villagers on 29 August 2013.
## Early life {#early_life}
Tari was born on Manus Island in 1971. He studied to become a Lutheran minister at Amron Bible College in Madang, but left the school prematurely after rejecting the teachings of the Bible, leaving behind both his clothing and his belongings. He retreated into the mountain village of Gal, where he formed a personality cult around himself as the Messiah, adopting the moniker \"Black Jesus\".
## Cult leader {#cult_leader}
Tari\'s cult, which is estimated to have numbered as many as 6,000, became notorious for its alleged use of \"flower girls\" who served as concubines for Tari. The girls dress in scant clothing. The Lutheran Church, very prominent in Papua New Guinea, declared Tari an \"enemy of the church\".
Tari was pursued by Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary police in 2005 as a result of his teachings.
The first rape/murder accusation against Tari involves the fate of Rita Herman, who joined the cult at age 13 as a personal \"flower girl\" of the self-styled messiah. According to accusations, in October 2006, Tari and a select circle of his ex-Lutheran aides, along with Barmarhal Herman, the girl\'s mother and reported \"queen\" of the flower girls, took 14-year-old Rita into a private tent where she was raped by Tari. Barmarhal instructed her daughter to submit, as she and her family would be blessed by Tari and would receive great gifts of material goods and wealth as reward for the ritual.
After the rape, Tari killed the girl with multiple knife stabs. Barmarhal\'s other daughter had been previously jailed for being one of Tari\'s flower girls. Barmarhal has denied being present at the event.
Tari was initially captured in 2005, but escaped prior to his trial with the help of a Lutheran pastor, Logan Sapus, who had been assigned to counsel him but became converted to Tari\'s cult instead. Back in the jungle, Tari cultivated an honour guard and recruited a new crop of flower girls from the remote villages, promising them blessings of wealth in exchange. Tari enlisted only virgins, reportedly some as young as 8 years old. About 50 of Tari\'s followers, including about 30 flower girls, were rounded up in an operation in June 2006. Those followers publicly renounced Tari and reconciled with their churches.
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# Steven Tari
## Capture, escape and death {#capture_escape_and_death}
In 2007, Tari was captured after rival villagers traveled into his mountain stronghold at Matepi village, in the Transgogol area of Madang Province. One of the villagers climbed into a tree to obtain a cellphone signal and called the authorities. A team of Madang police officers, consisting of Madangs Fox Unit embarked on capturing Tari. The small team was led by then Police Station Commander Jim Namora. The officers clashed with Steven Tari\'s followers in a shootout before apprehending him. Steven Tari was taken to Jomba police Station and was later moved to Beon.
Tari\'s appearance in court was delayed due to the injuries he suffered in that assault. He appeared in court in October 2007 charged with sexual offences. The claims of murder were never tested in court. He argued in his defence that \"Those women were flower-girls and this was the work of the minister and permitted by the religion. And I don't know if the charges laid against me are wrong or right.\" Because he had no legal representation the trial was adjourned until December. He was held in Madang\'s Beon Prison. In April 2010 it was reported that Tari again attempted escape from custody but was caught quickly afterwards. In October 2010 he was found guilty of four counts of rape, and sentenced to twenty years in prison.
On 21 March 2013, Tari escaped with 40 other prisoners in a mass breakout from Beon Prison Camp. On 31 August, police reported that Tari had been killed by the villagers in Gal, a small Madang village, two days earlier, allegedly after murdering a local woman. An investigation is pending, although national newspapers have reported that Tari was \"chopped to death\" by the angry villagers
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# Power FM 103.1
**Power FM** (call sign: **3BBA**) is a commercial radio station in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, broadcasting on the FM band at a frequency of 103.1 MHz. It serves listeners in Ballarat, Creswick, Maryborough, Ararat, Meredith, Daylesford, Ballan and surrounding areas. Together with its sister station 3BA, it is owned by ARN. According to a survey in late 2021, Power FM is the most listened-to radio station in Ballarat and holds a 28.1% share of the market.
Currently, the station airs a contemporary hit radio format, featuring music from the 1990s through to today\'s top 40 hits, aimed at an audience aged under 35. It also airs several syndicated radio programs including Top 40 Pop & Urban Chart Hits.
In June 2009, Power FM and Sovereign Hill attempted to \"lure\" the singer Pink, who was then on tour in Australia, to Ballarat, whilst also fundraising for the Ballarat Cancer Research Centre. Power FM was also temporarily renamed to \"Pink FM.\" In November 2021, Power FM, along with other stations owned by Grant Broadcasters,wase acquired by the Australian Radio Network. This deal will allow Grant\'s stations, including Power FM, to access ARN\'s iHeartRadio platform in regional areas. The deal was finalized on 4 January 2022.`{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]) and does not mention 103.1 FM.|date=October 2022}}`{=mediawiki} It is expected Power FM 103.1 will integrate with ARN\'s KIIS Network, but will retain its current name according to the press release from ARN.
In September 2022, Power FM Brekkie co-host Julie \"Jules\" Zass resigned after being a host on the station since 2 February 2009, to focus on family life and her new daughter. She was previously a host on Melbourne radio station SYN
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# Anders Karlsson (physicist)
**Anders Karlsson** (born 1964 in Järna, Sweden) is a Swedish physicist who is working in scientific publishing.
Karlsson graduated 1987 from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm with a Master of Science degree in engineering physics. He received a Ph.D. in 1992 with a thesis on quantum noise in semiconductor lasers and laser amplifiers. In 2001 he became professor of quantum photonics at the Royal Institute of Technology, as part of a position as a special research fellow with the Swedish Research Council from 2001 to 2007. His research areas were quantum photonics and quantum information. In 2004, the multinational research project Karlsson coordinated, IST-QuComm, was awarded the Descartes Prize. The project had demonstrated that quantum cryptography could be used in practice for fundamentally secure communications.
Karlsson was Counselor for Science and Innovation at Embassy of Sweden in Tokyo from 2007 to 2012. In 2012 he joined Elsevier as Vice President of Global Strategic Networks, based in Tokyo, where he covers the Asia-Pacific region
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# Timespirits
***Timespirits*** was an eight-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics as part of its Epic Comics imprint in 1984. It was created by writer Stephen Perry and Tom Yeates. Varnae\'s appearance in #4 indicates that *Timespirits* is set in the mainstream Marvel Universe despite being a creator-owned title.
In a report published by Folha de S.Paulo, many have pointed to plagiarism of the comic committed by *Avatar*, the James Cameron film.
## Issues
1. Indian Spring, October 1984
2. The Spurtyn Duyvel---part one---Death of a Timespirit, December 1984
3. The Spurtyn Duyvel---part two---The Blacksack of King Ogam, February 1985
4. A Boy and his Dinosaur, April 1985
5. A Song and a Danse, July 1985
6. The Jungle Beat, September 1985
7. The Hand of the Yeti, December 1985
8
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# Aeronca C-3
The **Aeronca C-3** was a light plane built by the Aeronautical Corporation of America in the United States during the 1930s.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
Its design was derived from the Aeronca C-2. Introduced in 1931, it featured room for a passenger seated next to the pilot. Powered by a new 36 hp Aeronca E-113 engine, the seating configuration made flight training much easier and many Aeronca owners often took to the skies with only five hours of instruction, largely because of the C-3\'s predictable flying characteristics. Both the C-2 and C-3 are often described as "powered gliders" because of their gliding ability and gentle landing speeds.
The C-3\'s distinctive razorback design was drastically altered in 1935 with the appearance of the "roundback" C-3 Master. Retaining the tubular fuselage frame construction, the C-3 Master featured a smaller vertical stabilizer and rudder with a "filled out" fuselage shape that created the new "roundback" appearance and improved the airflow over the tail. It featured an enclosed cabin with a proper door (brakes and wing light still cost extra), and a revised undercarriage dispensing with external struts in favour of a neater arrangement largely hidden in the fuselage. The 1935 C-3 Master was priced at only \$1,895---just a few hundred dollars more than the primitive C-2 of 1930. The low price generated significant sales; 128 C-3 Masters were built in 1935 alone (of 430 C-3s built in all), and the 500th Aeronca aircraft also rolled off the assembly line that same year.
A strengthened version of the C-3 with fabric-covered ailerons (instead of metal), designated the Aeronca 100, was built in England under license by Light Aircraft Ltd. (operating as Aeronautical Corporation of Great Britain Ltd. sometimes called Aeronco), and marketed by its associated company Aircraft Exchange & Mart. It was powered by a modified Aeronca E-113C engine built by J. A. Prestwich and Company and called the JAP J-99, and this led to the aircraft being marketed as the Aeronca-JAP. The expected sales never materialized -- only 24 British-built aircraft were manufactured before production was halted.
The aircraft could be fitted with floats, and those so equipped were sometimes designated PC-3, with the P standing for Pontoon.
Production of the C-3 was halted in 1937 when the aircraft no longer met new U.S. government standards for airworthiness. Many of the C-3\'s peculiarities -- a strictly external wire-braced wing with no wing struts directly connecting the wing panels with the fuselage, extensive fabric construction, single-ignition engine, and lack of an airspeed indicator -- were no longer permitted. Fortunately for the legion of Aeronca owners, a "grandfather" clause in the federal regulations allowed their airplanes to continue flying, although they could no longer be manufactured.
## Variants
C-3
: Production variant, early versions of which were built as the C-2 Collegian.
C-3 Master
: Improved variant.
Aeronca 100
: British-built variant powered by an Aeronca JAP J-99 (a licence built Aeronca E-113C), 21 built.
Aeronca 300
: Improved British variant of the Aeronca 100, one built.
Ely 700
: British variant with wider fuselage and two doors, two built.
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# Aeronca C-3
## Surviving aircraft {#surviving_aircraft}
- A-125 -- C-3 N11293 on display at the Western North Carolina Air Museum in Hendersonville, North Carolina.
- A-156 -- C-3 N11422 airworthy with Newhouse Flying Service, Fredericksburg, Texas.
- A-164 -- C-3 N11494 on display at the Wings of History Museum in San Martin, California.
- A-173 -- C-3 Collegian N12407 airworthy with Jim Hammond of Yellow Springs, Ohio. First owned for 34 years by Jean Roche, the originator of the C-2, who used it for several radical experiments.
- A-189 -- C-3 N12423 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It is a floatplane and was built in 1931.
- A-194 -- C-3 CF-AQP at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta. It was built in 1931.
- A-210 -- C-3 N12496 deregistered `{{as of|2023|8 |lc=Y}}`{=mediawiki}, previously with Jimmy Leeward at Leeward Air Ranch, Ocala, Florida. Built in 1932.
- A-215 -- C-3 N13000 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It was built in 1932.
- A-236 -- C-3 Master N13021 airworthy with Jim Hammond of Yellow Springs, Ohio. Fitted with a 65 hp Continental A40 engine
- A-246 -- PC-3 N13082 airworthy at the Eagles Mere Air Museum in Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.
- A-258 -- C-3 N13094 on static display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in San Diego, California.
- A-288 -- C-3 N13554 is registered to a private owner in Montana.
- A-291 -- C-3 N13557 on static display at the Florida Air Museum in Lakeland, Florida.
- A-403 -- C-3 Collegian N14096 airworthy with a private owner in Wilson, Louisiana.
- A-516 -- C-3 Master N14630 on static display at the TAM Museum, ex Museu Asas de um Sonho (Wings of a Dream Museum), Sao Carlos, Brazil.
- A-571 -- C-3 Master G-CDUW registered to a private owner in Bridge of Weir, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
- A-600 -- C-3 Master G-ADYS airworthy with Paul A. Gliddon in Goathland, North Yorkshire.
- A-603 -- C-3 Master ZU-FRL airworthy with John Illsley in its original livery as G-AEAC. It was flown to South Africa from England in 1936.
- A-610 -- C-3 Master G-AEFT airworthy with Nicholas Chittenden in Lostwithiel, Cornwall, UK. This aircraft featured in the 1986 BBC TV film \"Flying For Fun\", an adaptation of the eponymous 1936 book by Major HJ Parham.
- A-614 -- C-3 Master floatplane NC15287 on display, wrongly marked \'NC12587\', at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.
- A-638 -- C-3 G-AESB registered to a private owner in Lymington, Hampshire, UK
- A-668 -- C-3 NC16291 airworthy at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
- A-673 -- C-3B N16529 airworthy at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington. It was built in 1936.
- A-695 -- C-3 N16553 displayed in the terminal building at Lunken Airport in Cincinnati, Ohio.
- A-706 -- C-3 N16570 being restored for flight at Old Kingsbury Aerodrome / Pioneer Flight Museum, Kingsbury, Texas.
- A-717 -- C-3 N17404 airworthy at the Golden Age Air Museum in Bethel, Pennsylvania.
- A-730 -- C-3 N17419 airworthy at the Frasca Air Museum in Urbana, Illinois.
- A-734 -- C-3 G-ADRR airworthy at Breighton Aerodrome, Yorkshire UK.
- A-754 -- C-3 N17447 airworthy at Cole Palen\'s Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook, New York.
- AB105 -- Aeronca 100 ZK-AMW airworthy with the Wingnut Syndicate in Warkworth, Auckland.
- AB110 -- Aeronca 100 G-AETG under restoration in Somerset, UK.
- AB114 -- Aeronca 100 G-AEVS airworthy at Breighton Aerodrome, Yorkshire, UK.
- 526 -- C-3 N14640 in storage at the Shannon Air Museum in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
- 623 -- C-3 N15295 airworthy at the Golden Wings Flying Museum in Blaine, Minnesota.
- Unknown ID -- C-3 described as a \"basket case\" at the Aeronca Museum in Brighton, Michigan
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# X̱á:ytem
**X̱á:ytem** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|t|ə|m|,_|ˈ|h|ɑː|ɪ|t|ə|m}}`{=mediawiki}) is an indigenous archaeological site and the name of a related museum run under the auspices of the Stoːlo people at Hatzic, British Columbia, Canada. X̱á:ytem is approximately 80 kilometres east of Vancouver on Highway 7. It is reached via the bridge at Mission, about 15 kilometres from the border with the US state of Washington. The site was designated in 1992 as a national historic site of Canada for its spiritual value to the Stoːlo people, as well as being one of the oldest discovered habitation sites at approximately 5000 years old. It was listed on the Canadian register of historic places in 2005. It is also known as **Hatzic Rock** National Historic Site of Canada.
## History
Indigenous peoples occupied this area along the northern bank of the Fraser River for thousands of years. The historical peoples who encountered European colonists were the Stoːlo.
Over time, during the years after alienation of native lands by colonization, the site of X̱á:ytem had been used as a pasture. The property is adjacent to a highway built in the early 20th century. After it was sold to a developer and initial work on grading the site was begun, concerns about the site\'s potential archaeological value prompted an examination by Gordon Mohs. This led to the dramatic finding that it was immensely ancient, and it has been ranked among the oldest-known habitation sites in North America.
Following the discovery, the government arranged to transfer the land to the Stóːlō, the First Nation that has historically been in the area, for archaeological and museum purposes. It paid the erstwhile owner compensation for his lost opportunity in development; an extensive residential subdivision had been planned. The Stóːlō have built a museum, the X̱á:ytem Longhouse Interpretive Centre, to educate visitors about the site.
One culturally and spiritually significant feature of the site is Hatzic Rock, a large boulder that, in Stoːlo mythology, represents three Stoːlo leaders, conjoined and turned to stone by the transformer god XaːIs.
Excavations have been carried out in consultation with the Stóːlō. Researchers have found at the habitation site \"evidence of rectangular pit/ longhouses of long-term occupation with remains of post, hearth and floor features, trade goods, storage, food, and spiritual activity
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# Electoral district of Alma
**Alma** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1894 to 1904, named after Alma, a locality in southern Broken Hill, now known as South Broken Hill.
## Members for Alma {#members_for_alma}
Josiah Thomas easily won the seat for `{{Australian politics/name|Labor NSW}}`{=mediawiki} at the 1894 election, was elected unopposed following year and increased his majority at the 1898 election. Thomas entered federal politics by the winning the seat of Barrier at the first Commonwealth election. William Williams succeeded Thomas after narrowing defeating Jabez Wright in the 1901 election
| 102 |
Electoral district of Alma
| 0 |
10,157,562 |
# Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District
The **Starkville-Oktibbeha Consolidated School District** (**SOCSD**), formerly **Starkville Public School District**, is a public school district in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, headquartered in Starkville. The district serves all children within the county, including Starkville, residents of Mississippi State University, and the other communities and rural areas countywide due to the state legislature mandated consolidation with the Oktibbeha County School District in 2015.
## History
When federal mandates forced schools to integrate, Oktibbeha County realigned the school districts so that the Starkville School District (SSD) occupied the affluent neighborhoods surrounding Starkville, which was the center of Oktibbeha County, and included the majority of the tax base. The remaining fringes of the county were relegated to the Oktibbeha County School District (OCSD), which was poor, underfunded, failing, and over 90% black. Over the next few decades, the SSD became racially mixed, while the OCSD stumbled badly and was take over by state conservators on two occasions, most recently in 2013. Many in Starkville and at Mississippi State found the county system a source of shame. In 1970, when the schools were integrated, more than half of the black teachers were let go. In addition, the old Rosenwald school was burned to the ground. In 1970, immediately after the schools were integrated, the student population declined by 866 students from the previous year, for a total enrollment of 3,410, of which 1,762 were listed as negro and 1,649 as white.
In the 70s and 80s, various lawsuits including *Montgomery v Starkville Municipal Separate School District* alleged that the district dismissed or demoted black teachers because of their race, failed to compensate black teachers the same as white teachers, placed children in gifted or remedial programs based on race, and maintained segregation at the classroom level.
Various commissions and consultants in the 1990s and another in 2010 recommended the districts be merged to provide for a better and less segregated education. After repeated failures and charges of mismanagement, the state legislature attempted to get the schools to consolidate, first in the 1990s, and again in 2013 but with no avail. After the legislature passed a bill in 2014 forcing the SSD to consolidate with OCSD, the county was out of options. The OCSD district was dissolved under Mississippi law on July 1, 2015. The new consolidated SOCSD took the combined area of SSD and OCSD. The two elementary schools, East Oktibbeha and West Oktibbeha were to remain open while the high schools, East High and West High, consolidated into Starkville High School.
There was apprehension that the merger would cause white flight of students to local private schools including Starkville Academy, but the opposite occurred as many rural whites removed their children from private schools and enrolled in the new district schools, now 67% black. The merger marks the first time in the Mississippi consolidation movement that a failing district has been merged with a successful one, and that two districts of such extremely different racial makeup have been merged.
As a result of the merger, East Oktibbeha elementary school was closed because it would have been over 90% black and would not reflect the racial makeup of the district.
## Service area {#service_area}
The consolidated school district serves all of the county. The previous Starkville School District served Starkville, the Mississippi State University census-designated place, Longview, and some other unincorporated areas.
| 563 |
Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District
| 0 |
10,157,562 |
# Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District
## Schools
Schools are in Starkville unless otherwise stated.
Secondary schools:
- Starkville High School
- Armstrong Junior High School
- Partnership Middle School at Mississippi State University serving all county students in grades 6 and 7.
Elementary schools:
- Henderson Intermediate School
- Overstreet Elementary School
- Sudduth Elementary School
- 1993-1994 National Blue Ribbon School
- Ward-Stewart Elementary School
- West Oktibbeha Elementary School (Sturgis)
Preschool:
- Emerson Preschool
Alternative programs:
- East School (Starkville)
## Demographics
### 2012-13 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 4,310 students enrolled in the Starkville School District during the 2012--2013 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 49% female and 51% male. The racial makeup of the district was 64% African American, 31% White, 1% Hispanic, 3% Asian, and 0.3% other. 62% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch.
### Previous school years {#previous_school_years}
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | | Racial Makeup |
+=============+============+===============+==========+===============+
| Female | Male | Asian | African\ | Hispanic |
| | | | American | |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| | | | | |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2012-13 | 4,310 | 49.2% | 50.8% | 3.37% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2011-12 | 4,097 | 48% | 51% | 3% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2010-11 | 4,097 | 49% | 50% | 2% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2009-10 | 4,128 | 48% | 51% | 2% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2008-09 | 4,207 | 48% | 51% | 2% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2007-08 | 4,075 | 48% | 51% | 2% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2006-07 | 4,089 | 49% | 51% | 2.64% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2005-06 | 4,058 | 48% | 52% | 2.49% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2004-05 | 3,979 | 49% | 51% | 2.34% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2003-04 | 3,886 | 49% | 51% | 2.50% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| 2002-03 | 3,837 | 50% | 50% | 2.40% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
| | | | | |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+---------------+
## Accountability statistics {#accountability_statistics}
2012-13
------------------------------------- ------------
**District Accreditation Status** Accredited
**District Accountability Status** C
**School Accoutability Status**
Level 5 (A) Schools 0
Level 4 (B) Schools 1
Level 3 (C) Schools 2
Level 2 (D) Schools 1
Level 1 (F) Schools 0
Not Assigned 1
High School Completion Index (HSCI) 201.3
Graduation Rate 76.3%
2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------- ----------------
**District Accreditation Status** Accredited Accredited Accredited Accredited
**District Accountability Status** Successful Successful Academic Watch Academic Watch
**School Accoutability Status**
Level 6 (Star School) Schools 0 0 0 0
Level 5 (High Performing) Schools 0 0 0 0
Level 4 (Successful) Schools 3 4 3 2
Level 3 (Academic Watch) Schools 1 0 1 0
Level 2 (At Risk of Failing) Schools 0 0 0 2
Level 1 (Failing) Schools 0 0 0 0
Not Assigned 1 1 1 1
High School Completion Index (HSCI) 153 178.3 118.5 155.5
Graduation Rate 71.8% 69.8% 60.4% 72
| 493 |
Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District
| 1 |
10,157,565 |
# Duhon
**Duhon** is a surname
| 6 |
Duhon
| 0 |
10,157,588 |
# Aeronca K
The **Aeronca Model K Scout** is an American light airplane first marketed in 1937, and was the true successor to the popular C-2/C-3 line.
## Design
In January 1937, Aeronca unveiled the Model K, a replacement for the company\'s popular C-3. While it was powered by the same Aeronca E-113 two-cylinder engine as the C-3, the Model K Scout was of more conventional appearance, eliminating the C-3\'s distinctive fuselage \"bathtub\", replacing the wire-braced wings used by the earlier aircraft with strut-braced wings and providing a fully enclosed cockpit seating two side-by-side. The fuselage had a welded steel-tube structure with fabric covering, while the wings had spruce spars and spruce and plywood ribs, which were fabric covered. The aircraft had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, where the wheels could be replaced with skis for winter operation, while there was also a floatplane version. Dual controls were fitted.
Later in 1937, Aeronca unveiled a new version of the Model K powered by the 4-cylinder Continental A-40 engine, the Aeronca KC, while a similar version powered by the 4-cylinder Franklin 4AC-150 engine became the Aeronca CF. The availability of the more powerful Continental A-50 engine resulted in the Aeronca KCA. This was later developed into the slightly larger Aeronca 50 Chief. Small numbers of 50 hp Model Ks powered by Menasco M-50 flat-four engines (the KM) and Franklin engines (the KF) were also built.
A total of 357 Aeronca Model K Scouts were built.{{#tag:ref\|Juptner states \"350 or more\" Model Ks, 35 KCs and 6 CFs, \"about 65\" KCAs, nine KMs, and five KFs.\|group=lower-alpha}}
## Operational history {#operational_history}
73 Model K were on the U.S. civil aircraft register in May 2009 and several examples are preserved in museums. The EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin has an example on display at its Pioneer Airport. N18877 is on display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, CA.
## Variants
- **Model K Scout** - with 40 hp Aeronca E-113C engine, with 42 hp Aeronca E-113CB or CD engines and 45 hp E-113CDB engines as options.
- **Model KS Sea Scout** - Seaplane version of K, with EDO floats.
- **Model KC** - with 40 hp Continental A-40 engine and modified undercarriage.
- **Model CF** - Similar to KC but powered by 40 hp Franklin 4AC-150 engine.
- **Model KCA** - Modified KC with 50 hp Continental A-50 engine.
- **Model KM** - KC powered by 50 hp Menasco M-50 flat-four engine.
- **Model KF** - As CF but with Franklin 4AC-150 uprated to 50 hp
| 422 |
Aeronca K
| 0 |
10,157,605 |
# Aeronca L
The **Aeronca L** is a 1930s American cabin monoplane designed and built, in small numbers, by Aeronca Aircraft. It differed significantly from other Aeronca planes by the use of radial engines, streamlining, and a cantilever low wing.
## Design and construction {#design_and_construction}
Quite unlike other Aeronca designs, the Model L was a \"cantilever\" (no external struts for bracing) low-wing monoplane, that featured side-by-side seating in a completely enclosed cabin. The design reflected the greater attention being paid to aerodynamics in the period, including large wheel spats for the fixed undercarriage and a Townend ring for the engine. The aircraft was of mixed-construction with a welded steel fuselage and wings with spruce spars and ribs, all covered with fabric.
Initial attempts to use Aeronca\'s own engines proved inadequate, and the company turned to small radial engines from other suppliers, particularly neighboring Cincinnati engine manufacturer LeBlond.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
The Model L was mainly flown by private pilot owners. The plane was not a big seller. Difficulty with engine sources, and a destructive flood, in 1937, at Aeronca\'s factory at Cincinnati\'s Lunken Airport, took the energy out of the program, and Aeronca went back to high-wing light aircraft.
With the end of sales to Aeronca, LeBlond sold their engine-manufacturing operation to an Aeronca-rival planemaker, Kansas City-based Rearwin Aircraft, who resumed production of the engines under the brand name \"Ken-Royce,\" largely for use in Rearwin planes.
## Variants
LA
: Fitted with a 70 hp LeBlond 5DE engine, 9 built
LB
: Fitted with an 85 hp LeBlond 5DF engine, 29 built
LC
: Fitted with a 90 hp Warner Scarab Jr engine, 15 built
LCS
: A single LC, \[NC16289\], was fitted with floats to become the LCS, carrying a load of 659 lb for 450 mi at 100 mph.
LD
: Fitted with a 90 hp Lambert R-266 5-cyl. radial engine
## Surviving aircraft {#surviving_aircraft}
The EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin has a 1937 Aeronca LC in its collection.
The Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum of Hood River, Oregon, has an airworthy Aeronica LC. Aeronca LB N16271 was in final stages of restoration as of January 2015; Aeronca LC NC17442 (cn 2056) is also on display in the museum
| 374 |
Aeronca L
| 0 |
10,157,618 |
# Oktibbeha County School District
The **Oktibbeha County School District** was a public school district serving rural communities in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi (USA). The district administrative offices were in Starkville. It is now a part of the Starkville-Oktibbeha Consolidated School District, effective July 1, 2015.
## History
In the 1960s and 70s, the school districts were reconfigured so that most of the areas surrounding Starkville were grouped into the Starkville School District (SSD). This resulted in a situation where the population of the OCSD had a median income of around half that of the SSD, and was over 90% black. Prior to 1970, black students from Sturgis were bused to Maben. One day before the faculty of the schools were to be integrated in February 1970, a black school in Maben was burned.
The district served most of Maben and the town of Sturgis in the West Oktibbeha County Elementary (Pre-K-6) and High School (7-12) as well as several communities in the western parts of the county not in the Starkville City School District. The East Oktibbeha County Elementary (K-6) and High School (7-12) served the communities in the eastern parts of Oktibbeha county not included in the Starkville City School District. OCSD was taken over the state twice due to academic failure and mismanagement, and the state proposed several times that it should be merged with the SSD. In 2013, the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill requiring that all Oktibbeha County schools be merged into the Starkville School District. In the implementation of this plan, East Oktibbeha Elementary was closed because its location would have resulted in a school that was over 90% black. The district was dissolved under Mississippi law on July 1, 2015.
## Schools
- East Oktibbeha County High School - *Unincorporated area*
- West Oktibbeha County High School - Maben
- East Oktibbeha County Elementary School - *Unincorporated area*
- West Oktibbeha County Elementary School (formerly Sturgis Elementary School) - Sturgis
Schools closed prior to the district\'s consolidation:
- Wicks Elementary School
- Alexander High School (for black children)
- Maben High School (for black children)
- Moor High School (for black children)
- Sturgis High School (for white children)
## Demographics
### 2019-2020 school year {#school_year}
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year_1}
There were a total of 876 students enrolled in the Oktibbeha County School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 51% female and 49% male. The racial makeup of the district was 91.55% African American, 8.33% White, and 0.11% Asian. 82.7% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch
| 434 |
Oktibbeha County School District
| 0 |
10,157,628 |
# Duality (film)
***Duality*** is a *Star Wars* fan film created by Mark Thomas and Dave Macomber that made its debut on the internet on February 10, 2001. It is one of the first fan films to exclusively use bluescreen footage composited onto virtual backgrounds.
## Plot
Sith apprentice Lord Rive (Dave Macomber), is tasked by his master, Darth Oz (Mark Thomas), to battle another apprentice, Darth Blight (Stephem Muraoka), as a final test determining who would serve by Oz's side. The two would-be Sith clash violently with their double-bladed lightsabers while Oz watches via hologram. After a long and vicious lightsaber duel, Rive\'s weapon is severed in two and Blight loses his saber. A quick brawl later and the two engage in a final bout with the two halves of Rive\'s saber. It ends with Rive impaled and Blight bisected through the waist. After they die, Darth Oz appears in the flesh. Consumed with fury and wrath at his failure to procure a permanent apprentice, he electrocutes the bodies of the two failed apprentices with Force Lightning.
## Production
Macomber and Thomas originally produced *Duel* as an acting/choreography demo for an actor, but felt they could make a better film with CG stages, as opposed to the location work on the original. The cast consists of three actors, two of whom are the creators.
The script was first written by Thomas, with Macomber devising the fight. After about 14 months of pre-planning, filming took place at Alamo Studios in Santa Barbara, California, in September 2000. Post-production was split between Thomas and Macomber. Thomas primarily handled the digital backgrounds and 3D animation, while Macomber handled compositing and the lightsaber effects. The final version took four months of post-production, using off-the-shelf software from Electric Image, Adobe, and Apple, and about in out-of-pocket costs.
## Soundtrack
The first cut of the film featured music and sound effects taken from *Star Wars* films, but a later release had all-new music by Alan Derian.
## Reception
Reaction to *Duality* was mostly positive, generating over a half million downloads in its first year of release. *Entertainment Weekly* said its effects \"have the impressive digital sheen of *Episode I*\", while IFILM programming director said the film \"absolutely blew me away, and a lot of people out there are saying this is the best they\'ve ever come across.\" The film showed that film-level special effects could be produced by the common fan. Macomber and Thomas said they had \"taken a few calls\" from Hollywood effects houses after the film premiered.
Not every reaction was positive though. Various members of the Star Wars fan films community felt that it was short on story and featured dated special effects when compared to other fan films, and that the trollish behavior of Mark Thomas leading up to its release forever tainted the product.
In August 2010, *Time* magazine\'s online visitors listed it at no. 7 on their list of the top 10 *Star Wars* fan films
| 496 |
Duality (film)
| 0 |
10,157,633 |
# Aeronca 50 Chief
The **Aeronca Model 50 Chief** is an American light plane of the late 1930s. Consumer demand for more comfort, longer range and better instrumentation resulted in its development in 1938, powered by a 50-horsepower (37-kilowatt) Continental, Franklin or Lycoming engine. A 65-horsepower (48-kilowatt) Continental engine powered the **Model 65 Super Chief**, which was also built in a flight trainer version, the **Model TC-65 Defender**, with its rear seat positioned 9 in higher than the front for better visibility.
## Variants
Aeronca 50C Chief
: 1938 model. An improved KCA with enlarged wings and a wider cabin, powered by a 50 hp Continental A-50. 248 built. A 50C made the first non-stop flight by a lightplane between Los Angeles to New York City, on November 29--30, 1938, taking 30 hours 47 minutes to travel 2,785 mi, at an average speed of 90 mph.
Aeronca 50F Chief
: 1938 version of 50C powered by a 50 hp Franklin 4AC-150. 36--40 built.
Aeronca 50L Chief
: Late 1938 version of 50 powered by a 50 hp Lycoming O-145-A1 engine, which had exposed cylinder heads. Could be fitted with EDO floats. 65 built.
Aeronca 50LA Chief
: Improved 1939 derivative of 50L, with fully-closed cowling. Could be fitted with EDO floats. 20 built.
Aeronca 50M Chief
: 1938 model of 50 Chief powered by a 50 hp Menasco M-50 engine. One built, which was later converted to serve as prototype of 50F and 50L
Aeronca 50TC Tandem Trainer
: 1940 tandem trainer intended for Civilian Pilot Training Program and powered by 50 hp Continental A-50-7. 16 built.
Aeronca 50TL Tandem Trainer
: Tandem trainer powered by 50 hp Lycoming O-145-A1. 33 built.
Aeronca 50TF
: Proposed version of Tandem Trainer powered by 50 hp Franklin 4AC-150. Unbuilt.
Aeronca 60TF
: Proposed Tandem Trainer with 60 hp Franklin 4AC-171. Unbuilt.
Aeronca 60TL Tandem
: Powered by a 60 hp Lycoming O-145. 118 built for the USAAF as the O-58B, powered by a 65 hp Continental A-65.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
Aeronca 65C Super Chief
: Improved, 1939, derivative of 50C Chief, powered by a 65 hp Continental A-65. 279 were built.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
Aeronca 65CA Super Chief
: 1941 derivative of 65C with more fuel and entry door on each side of fuselage (other models had a standard fit of one door on the starboard side, although the second door could be fitted as an optional extra. 655 built.
Aeronca 65LA Super Chief
: 1939 model powered by 65 hp Lycoming O-145-B1. 87 built.
Aeronca 65LB Super Chief
: 1940 model with 65 hp Lycoming O-145-B2. 199 built.
Aeronca 65TC Tandem
: \(1940\) Powered by a 65 hp Continental A-65. 112 built.
Aeronca 65TAC Defender
: Tandem seating for military training, 154 built.
Aeronca 65TF Tandem
: 1940\) Powered by a 65 hp Franklin 4AC, 59 built.
Aeronca 65TAF Defender
: 115 built.
Aeronca 65TL Tandem
: \(1940\) Powered by a 65 hp Lycoming O-145. 299 built plus 4 YO-58, 20 O-58, 701 L-3B, and 499 L-3C, plus 253 TG-5 gliders to the USAAF.
Aeronca 65TAL Defender
: 100 built
| 521 |
Aeronca 50 Chief
| 0 |
10,157,658 |
# Valiyavila
**Valiyavila** is a ward in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, the capital city of the Indian state of Kerala is situated on the border between Thiruvananthapuram Taluk and Kattakada Taluk and is a major road junction connecting the two big Taluks.
## Geography
It is located at 8 30 25 N 76 59 54 E.
## Location
This place is located en route Peyad - Kattakada - Neyyar Dam. It is around 8 km from Thiruvananthapuram Central Central Railway Station (via Karamana) and around 10 km via Vazhuthacaud Pangode route or Vazhuthacaud Jagathy route. Valiyavila is well connected by bus services from both East Fort and Thampanoor bus stations in Thiruvananthapuram city.
## Landmark
Kundamankadavu Bridge, which crosses the Karamana River is located near Valiyavila. The bridge is more than 100 years old.
## Important Establishments {#important_establishments}
A sub post office(Thirumala), State Bank of India Valiyavila Branch, a saw mill, an animal husbandry centre, and an upper primary school are situated here.
## Valiyavila Shooting Incident {#valiyavila_shooting_incident}
M. Brelvi (67), an ex-service man (retired Lieutenant Colonel) residing at Valiyavila opened fire at a group of people after an altercation related to giving side to his car at Valiyavila in Thiruvananthapuram. The incident happened near Valiyavila junction in the Poojappura police station limits around 9.15 p.m. on Wednesday night, 30 January 2014.
The incident was the result of a road rage leaving two persons injured after his car was blocked by an autorickshaw, shot two people Venkateswara Rao (47) and Manoj (35) with his revolver following a heated argument with some local people in Valiyavila. The man, allegedly in an inebriated condition, picked up a quarrel with the auto driver and locals there. He then went home to bring his service pistol and opened fire and fired three rounds at the crowd, police said. The crowd roughed him up, overpowered him, and managed to bring him under control. After the incident, the Police then arrived on the spot and the retired Army officer has landed in police custody for allegedly opening fire and took him into custody. He was taken to a hospital as he also suffered injuries. The two persons, who suffered bullet injuries, were rushed to hospital.
The injured were taken to the Government Medical College Hospital and subjected to emergency surgeries. The condition of Mr. Rao, who was shot in the abdomen with one bullet piercing through his stomach was serious, but he recovered while Mr. Manoj, who was injured in the right leg, was out of danger, according to available information. The Colonel was later arrested by the police. It is said that he was under the influence of alcohol at the time of incident.
\"According to eye-witnesses, the ex-service man was travelling in a car and an autorickshaw allegedly blocked his way near Valiyavila junction. He had heated arguments with the auto driver and some locals who gathered there,\" a police official said. A case has been registered against him under IPC section 307 (attempt to murder) and Arms Act. He was later shifted to the Poojappura police station and is being interrogated, the sources said.
The crowd is then said to have manhandled Mr. Brelvi, who was shifted to the General Hospital from where the police have secured his custody. A case was also registered against some persons based on his complaint for manhandling him, the official added
| 562 |
Valiyavila
| 0 |
10,157,702 |
# Modern Pain
***Modern Pain*** is the debut album by Canadian country singer Corb Lund. Originally released in 1995, the album was re-released in 2003 after Lund\'s commercial breakthrough with the album *Five Dollar Bill* in 2002.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. Expectation and the Blues - 2:55
2. We Used to Ride \'em - 2:58
3. Untitled Waltz - 3:28
4. Your Game Again - 2:44
5. Owlsong - 2:10
6. La Souffrance des Gens - 3:11
7. Lament for Lester Cousins - 3:50
8. Lives of Attrition (The Best We Can Do) - 3:07
9. You and Your Creeping - 4:00
10. Heavy and Leaving - 3:19
11. Waste and Tragedy† - 3:28
12. Manyberries† - 2:41
13. Evil in Me† - 2:30
14. Hockey Song (live)† - 3:03
15. Sixteen Tons (live)† - 2:48
16
| 138 |
Modern Pain
| 0 |
10,157,712 |
# 1686 in England
Events from the year **1686 in England**.
## Incumbents
- Monarch -- James II
## Events
- 21 June -- judgement in the case of *Godden v. Hales* affirms the king\'s power to exercise his dispensing powers granting exemptions from anti-Catholic legislation. Heneage Finch is dismissed as Solicitor General for his refusal to defend the king\'s case.
- 10 July -- Court of Ecclesiastical Commission created.
- 17 July -- King James appoints four Catholics to the Privy Council of England.
- 5 November -- Bar Convent in York established, making it the oldest surviving active Catholic convent in England.
### Undated
- A group of conspirators meet at Charborough House in Dorset to plan the overthrow of James II by Parliamentarians and the Dutch Stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (James\'s son-in-law).
## Publications
- Edmond Halley presents a systematic study of the trade winds and monsoons and identifies solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions.
- John Playford publishes *The Delightful Companion*, containing the first publication of Henry Purcell\'s arrangement of \"Lillibullero\"; Thomas Wharton composes lyrics.
- Robert Plot publishes *The Natural History of Staffordshire*.
## Births
- 6 March -- Christopher Packe, medical doctor and geologist (died 1749)
- 9 April -- James Craggs the Younger, politician (died 1721)
- 29 April -- Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, statesman (died 1742)
- 5 June -- Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, aristocrat (died 1777; possibly born 1685)
- 12 August -- John Balguy, philosopher (died 1748)
- 19 August -- Eustace Budgell, writer (suicide 1737)
- 30 November -- Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough, Whig politician (suicide 1740)
### Unknown dates {#unknown_dates}
- Thomas Carte, historian (died 1754)
- George Clinton, naval officer, colonial governor and politician (died 1761)
- Giles Jacob, legal writer and literary critic (died 1744)
- William Law, clergyman (died 1761)
## Deaths
- 14 January -- Sir Thomas Abdy, 1st Baronet, lawyer and landowner (born 1612)
- 19 January -- Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby, politician (born 1657)
- 10 February -- Sir William Dugdale, antiquary (born 1605)
- 15 April -- Sir Joseph Ashe, 1st Baronet, Whig politician and merchant (born 1618)
- 21 April -- John Dolben, Archbishop of York (born 1625)
- 28 May -- Paskah Rose, butcher, executioner and burglar (birth unknown)
- 23 June -- Sir William Coventry, statesman (born c. 1628)
- 10 July -- John Fell, Bishop of Oxford (born 1625)
- 16 July -- John Pearson, theologian and scholar (born 1612)
- 28 July *(bur.)* -- Thomas Watson, nonconformist Puritan preacher and author (born c. 1620)
- 26 October -- John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, nobleman (born 1623)
- November -- Jack Ketch, executioner employed by King Charles II (birth unknown)
- ca
| 468 |
1686 in England
| 0 |
10,157,713 |
# Nettleton School District (Mississippi)
The **Nettleton School District** is a public school district based in Nettleton, Mississippi (USA).
The district serves northwestern Monroe and southeastern Lee counties.
## Schools
- Nettleton High School
- Nettleton Intermediate School
- Nettleton Primary School
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 1,359 students enrolled in the Nettleton School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 50% female and 50% male. The racial makeup of the district was 27.74% African American, 71.52% White, 0.66% Hispanic, and 0.07% Asian. 52.0% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch.
### Previous school years {#previous_school_years}
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | |
+=============+============+===============+==========+
| Female | Male | Asian | African\ |
| | | | American |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2005-06 | 1,394 | 50% | 50% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2004-05 | 1,388 | 49% | 51% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2003-04 | 1,392 | 49% | 51% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2002-03 | 1,381 | 49% | 51% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| | | | |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
## Accountability statistics {#accountability_statistics}
2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03
---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
**District Accreditation Status** Accredited Accredited Accredited Accredited Accredited
**School Performance Classifications**
Level 5 (Superior Performing) Schools 1 1 0 1 0
Level 4 (Exemplary) Schools 2 2 3 3 2
Level 3 (Successful) Schools 0 0 0 0 2
Level 2 (Under Performing) Schools 0 0 0 0 0
Level 1 (Low Performing) Schools 0 0 0 0 0
Not Assigned 0 0 0 0 0
## Racially segregated student government election policy {#racially_segregated_student_government_election_policy}
On August 26, 2010, The Smoking Gun posted a memo which Nettleton Middle School had distributed to all students in grades 6--8. The memo described the rules for the student government election, including specifications that only students of particular races be elected to particular posts. Of the twelve posts, eight were reserved for white students. The highest posts, the president for each grade level, were all reserved for whites. Some parents complained about this policy. At around the same time, school superintendent Russell Taylor issued a statement saying that the policy was being reviewed. As a firestorm of news coverage developed in the next day, the school board voted in an emergency meeting on August 27, 2010 to reverse the policy. The district\'s press release stated that the policy had existed for over 30 years, and was intended to \"ensure minority representation and involvement in the student body
| 423 |
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# Unforgiving Mistress
***Unforgiving Mistress***, released in 1999, is the second album by Canadian country singer Corb Lund.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Mora (Blackberry)\" - 3:40
2. \"The Case of the Wine Soaked Preacher\" - 3:21
3. \"Remains of You\" - 2:47
4. \"Guitar from the Wall\" - 3:11
5. \"Where is my Soldier?\" - 3:23
6. \"Spanish Armada\" - 3:26
7. \"I\'ve Been Needin\'\" - 4:18
8. \"Young and Jaded\" - 2:07
9. \"Engine Revver\" - 3:21
10. \"We Used to Ride \'em\" - 2:58
11
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# Bruce Monteath
**Bruce Monteath** (born 20 September 1955) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1975 and 1980 for the Richmond Football Club. He also played in the WAFL for the South Fremantle Football Club between 1972 and 1974 and then again from 1981 to 1983. He ended his playing career at Claremont (1984-1985) and then coached the West Perth Football Club for the 1987 and 1988 seasons.
His greatest achievement came in 1980 when he captained Richmond to the 1980 Premiership, defeating Collingwood by a then-record 81 points. However, he spent very little time on the ground in this game, despite Richmond\'s dominance
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# Hervé Di Rosa
**Hervé Di Rosa** (born 1959 in Sète, Hérault) is a French painter.
Born in Sète, France, Hervé Di Rosa is a French painter who brings to life unique characters who populate his work in the form of paintings, sculptures, installations and animations. His style is similar to that of American artists Haring, Basquiat, Scharf and incorporates influences from graffiti and comic books. Di Rosa is a key figure in the \"Figuration Libre\" movement of French painters. His work is often humorous and brash and shows his passion for kitsch or \"Art Modeste.\" In 2000, Di Rosa built a Museum dedicated to Modest Art in Sète, France. In August 2006 he had a show of his work at the Bass Museum in Miami. He shows regularly with the Gallery Haim-Chanin in New York and Louis Carré et Cie. in Paris.
## Controversy
In April 2019, controversy arose over a 1991 Di Rosa mural at the French Parliament which features two stereotypical blackface figures. The mural, meant to commemorate the 1794 abolition of slavery in France, was characterized as humiliating and dehumanizing by Mame-Fatou Niang of Carnegie Mellon and the French author Julien Suaudeau who launched a petition calling for the mural\'s removal. The mural had come to Niang\'s attention when it was tweeted to her by a French schoolgirl. Di Rosa responded to the criticism saying "These two people allow themselves to accuse me of racism \[and\] have the nerve to act as spokespeople for the millions of victims \[of slavery\] and want to censor the work," and accepted no responsibility for any offense caused by the work nor acknowledged that it could even be honestly perceived as racist.
## Selected exhibitions {#selected_exhibitions}
- 1981 Eva Keppel Gallery, Düsseldorf, Swart Gallery, Amsterdam. - « Ateliers 81-82 » ARC, Musée d\'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
- 1982 New York, « Statements New York 82, Leading contemporary artists from France », Holly Solomon Gallery: first encounter with Keith Haring, Tseng Kwong Chi, Kenny Scharf, Nicolas Moufarrege. Gillespie-Laage-Salomon Gallery, Paris.
- 1983 « Villa Medici hors les murs » PS1 New York. « Blanchard, Boisrond, Combas, Di Rosa », Groninger Museum, Groningen. Barbara Gladstone Gallery, New York. Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York.
- 1995 Louis Stern Fine Arts, West Hollywood, and Galerie Louis Carré & Cie, Paris, *Hervé di Rosa: Paintings and Works on Paper*, Absolut LA Invitational Biennial
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# Five Dollar Bill
***Five Dollar Bill*** is the third album by Canadian country artist Corb Lund, and the first on which his backing band was credited as **The Hurtin\' Albertans**. It was also Lund\'s first album to be certified gold for sales of 50,000 copies in Canada. It won the \"Outstanding Album (Independent)\" at the 2003 Western Canadian Music Awards. It was also ranked the #1 album of 2002 by The Gauntlet, the student newspaper of the University of Calgary.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
*All songs written by Corb Lund.*
1. Five Dollar Bill - 2:33
2. Expectation and the Blues - 2:56
3. Short Native Grasses (Prairies of Alberta) - 3:46
4. There Are No Roads Here - 3:21
5. Apocalyptic Modified Blues - 3:03
6. Heavy and Leaving - 3:25
7. Intro/Jack of Diamonds - 0:36
8. Time to Switch to Whiskey - 2:53
9. Roughest Neck Around - 3:12
10. Daughter Don\'t You Marry No Guitar Picker - 2:23
11. (Gonna) Shine Up My Boots - 2:13
12. Buckin\' Horse Rider - 3:34
13
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# Aeronca Champion
The **Aeronca Model 7 Champion**, commonly known as the \"**Champ**\", or \"**Airknocker**\", is a single-engine light airplane with a high wing, generally configured with fixed conventional landing gear and tandem seating for two occupants.
The Champ was designed for flight training and personal use, and was specifically developed to compete with the popular Piper Cub. It entered production in the United States in 1945, spawning one of the most popular, and longest-produced, light airplane models in the world.
In addition to the Champ\'s large-volume production by Aeronca Aircraft, it was revived in variations by the Champion Aircraft Company in the 1950s and 1960s, and then again in further variants by Bellanca in the 1960s and 1970s, and by American Champion Aircraft in the early 2000s.
To take advantage of the new light-sport aircraft (LSA) category, the Champion was returned to production in 2007, but was discontinued by mid-2019.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
The Aeronca 7 Champion line---developed in the mid-1940s as a post-World War II response to the popular Piper J-3 Cub---uses similar design features (already featured in Aeronca\'s wartime designs, the Aeronca Model T, Aeronca Defender, and Aeronca L-3), but also incorporates aspects of traditional Aeronca designs, including the internal main trusswork of the fuselage frame. Like its predecessors and initial rivals, the high-wing, two-seat plane has tandem seating, conventional landing gear (tailwheel-equipped), and a small piston engine.
As with many light aircraft of the time, the Champ\'s fuselage and tail surfaces are constructed of welded metal tubing. The outer shape of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric. The cross-section of the metal fuselage truss is triangular, a design feature which can be traced all the way back to the earliest Aeronca C-2 design of the late 1920s.
The strut-braced wings of the Champ are, like the fuselage and tail surfaces, fabric-covered, and use aluminum ribs. Most Champs were built with wooden spars. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced, and has also made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft. Like the Piper Cub with which it competed, the Champ features tandem seating. However, while the J-3 model of the Cub is flown solo from the rear seat, the Champ can be soloed from the front, giving improved forward visibility, particularly on the ground and during takeoffs, landings, and climbs. The Champ offers far better visibility than the Cub, allowing 300 degrees of visibility to a front-seated pilot, and has a wider cabin than the Cub. Additionally, an uncommon Champ variant---the 7HC---was produced with an enlarged rear seat allowing two passengers to be carried.
The landing gear of most Champs is in a conventional arrangement, though two variants with tricycle gear were produced, and a model with reversed tricycle gear was tried. Conventional-gear Champs feature a steerable tailwheel and most have steel tube main gear which use an oleo strut for shock absorption. One variant utilized sprung-steel main gear, and American Champion uses aluminum gear legs in its production model of the Champ. Tricycle-gear Champs use the steel tube and oleo strut main gear, mating these with an oleo strut nose gear.
Models 7AC, 7CCM, 7DC, and 7EC were approved as floatplanes, with the addition of floats and vertical stabilizer fins; the floatplane versions were designated the S7AC, S7CCM, S7DC, and S7EC, respectively. The 7GC and 7HC may also be operated with floats but are not given a special designation in this configuration. All floatplane versions have increased gross weights over the corresponding landplanes.
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# Aeronca Champion
## Operational history {#operational_history}
Built by Aeronca Aircraft Corporation, the Champ first flew in 1944, and entered production in 1945. As an economical postwar rival to the Piper Cub (which it largely improved upon), the Champ was popular with training schools who were training veterans returning from World War II, by the thousands, with government funding through the G.I. Bill.
The original model 7AC Champion initially sold by the thousands, peaking in 1946, as Aeronca developed the highest-volume production line in general aviation. Between 1946 and 1947, Aeronca was producing an average 30 light aircraft per day (peaking at 50 per day at one point). But 1946 was a momentary explosion in lightplane production, industry-wide. The postwar boom-and-bust of the late 1940s and early 1950s brought an abrupt end to the massive sales, and---like the rest of the U.S. lightplane industry---Aeronca production dropped to a small fraction of 1946--1947 sales.
Engine upgrades in 1947, 1948 and 1949 resulted in the Models 7BCM, 7DC and the electric-system-equipped 7EC, all distinguished from the 7AC by a larger vertical tail than predecessors, to compensate for the greater torque and p-factor of the larger engines.
Some of these Champ variants were acquired by the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) and its successor, the U.S. Air Force (USAF), particularly for use by the U.S. Army Ground Forces and the National Guard, as replacements for the Piper L-4 variant of the Piper Cub, used as an observation and liaison aircraft. The Aeronca Champ military variants were labeled L-16, L-16A and L-16B. *Main article: Aeronca L-16*
By the time production ended in 1951, the company had sold more than 8,000 Champions, mostly 7AC Champs (approx. 7,200).
Aeronca ceased all production of light aircraft in 1951, and the Champ design was sold in 1954 to Champion Aircraft, who continued production of some of the more advanced variants of the Champ, from the 1950s into the early 1960s---gradually modifying them into the aerobatic Champion Citabria. *Main article: Citabria*
Champion Aircraft was acquired in 1970 by Bellanca Aircraft which continued production of their Champ-derived Citabria and Decathlon designs.
In 1971, Bellanca introduced the 7ACA version of the Champ as a more basic complement to their other designs, as the least expensive, and lowest-performance, commercially produced light plane on the market at the time.
Only a handful of 7ACAs were built between 1971 and 1972. Bellanca ceased all production in the early 1980s.
American Champion Aircraft Corporation acquired the Champ and related designs in 1989. In 2001, they were rumored to be considering a reintroduction of the Champ design as a 7EC powered by a Jabiru Aircraft engine. While a test version was flown, this combination was not put into production. With the creation of the light-sport aircraft (LSA) category of aircraft in the United States by the FAA, American Champion in late 2007 began producing a revised version of the 7EC powered by the 100 hp Continental O-200-A. The new production aircraft are type certified, but also qualify to be flown by sport pilots in the United States. Although the fuselage and cowling contours are similar to the original-production models, the new aircraft used the windows, interior, door, and windscreen of the modern Citabria. Fuel capacity was reduced to 18 gal to conserve weight; despite this measure and various others, such as the use of aluminum landing gear legs and bare birch floorboards rather than carpet, the aircraft\'s payload is inadequate to carry two adults and full fuel simultaneously. The manufacturer was considering various further weight-reduction measures including the use of the lightened Continental O-200D engine previously offered in the Cessna 162 Skycatcher. However, the revived 7EC was dropped from production by mid-2019.
Standard-production 7AC, 7BCM (L-16A), 7CCM (L-16B), 7DC, and 7ACA models qualify as U.S. Light Sport Aircraft. Only those specific original-production 7EC airplanes certificated at a 1300 lb gross weight qualify for the LSA category; a standard original-production 7EC is certificated at a gross weight of 1450 lb and does not qualify.
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# Aeronca Champion
## Variants
Various versions of the Champ have been tested and produced since 1944, including military, aerobatic, cropduster, tricycle-gear and (as the *402 Lancer*) a twin-engined variant.
The derivative Citabria designs --- models 7ECA, 7GCAA, 7GCBC, and 7KCAB --- are discussed in a separate article, as is the twin-engined 402 Lancer. Floatplane variants are designated by an \"S\" prefix and are discussed together with the standard respective land variant.
### 7AC Champion {#ac_champion}
Introduced in 1945, the 7AC Champion (\"Champ\") was the first (and, by far, the most popular) version of the design. It used the Continental A-65-8 engine of 65 hp. (Other 65-hp engines by Lycoming and Franklin were also fitted.) A supplemental type certificate allows the installation of a Lycoming O-235. The Champ featured a conventional landing gear configuration, with shock absorption in the main gear provided by oleo struts. The aircraft had no electrical system. It is distinguishable from nearly all other variants by the absence of a dorsal fin at the leading edge of the vertical tail (most later models had the enlarged tail). Approximately 7,200 were built between 1945 and 1948---far outnumbering all other subsequent variants combined, and far outnumbering most rival designs of the period. Some were acquired by the U.S. military and designated L-16---not to be confused with the L-16A and L-16B derived from later Champ variants. Gross weight is 1220 lb for the standard 7AC and 1320 lb when configured as an **S7AC** floatplane; fuel capacity for either version is 13 gal in a single tank.
### 7ACA
1971 reintroduction by Bellanca, a modernized version of the design which made it a variant of the Citabria line. The 7ACA is powered by the two-cylinder Franklin 2A engine of 60 hp; Gross weight is 1220 lb. 71 were produced.
### 7BCM, L-16A {#bcm_l_16a}
Upgraded version introduced in 1947 with an 85 hp Continental C85 and \"no-bounce\" version of the main landing gear.`{{Dubious |reason=Type certificate data sheet specifically says that the only difference between the 7AC and 7BCM is the powerplant installation.|date=November 2018}}`{=mediawiki} All of the 7BCM production went to the military as model L-16A. Gross weight and fuel capacity are unchanged from the 7AC. 509 were built.
### 7B-X {#b_x}
Prototype, 1 produced, serial number *7-BX-1*, FAA aircraft registration number was *N4084E* but registration was canceled on 4 October 1951, no other details known.
### 7CCM, L-16B {#ccm_l_16b}
An improved version of the L-16, the L-16B/7CCM featured a 90 hp Continental C90-8 engine, an enlarged vertical tail, hydraulic brakes, and a gross weight increase to 1300 lb; an additional gross weight increase to 1350 lb is allowed when \"Long Stroke Oleo Landing Gear\" is installed and placard, \"Intentional spinning prohibited when baggage carried\", is installed on the instrument panel. An additional 5.5 gal fuel tank is used, increasing total fuel capacity to 18.5 gal. Gross weight increases to 1400 lb when configured as an **S7CCM** floatplane. 100 L-16B/7CCM aircraft were built.
### 7DC
Similar to 7CCM but with Continental C85 engine of 85 hp; the derived **S7DC** floatplane had a gross weight increase to 1400 lb. 100 7DC aircraft were produced.
### 7EC Traveler {#ec_traveler}
1950 brought the introduction of the Aeronca 7EC, which features a Continental C90-12F engine of 90 hp, standard long-throw oleo strut main gear, thicker seat cushions, additional interior insulation for noise reduction, an improved heater and electrical system, the addition of a parking brake, and a change in center of gravity for enhanced speed. Advertised empty weight is 890 lb. Standard gross weight is 1450 lb, or 1300 lb with \"Lower End Landing Gear Oleo Strut Assembly.\" Standard fuel capacity is unchanged from the 7DC; an optional 26 gal system was offered, increasing the manufacturer\'s empty weight by 30 lb. The optional **S7EC** floatplane configuration has a gross weight of 1474 lb.
The last Champ produced at Aeronca was a 7EC, and when Champion reintroduced the Champ in 1955, it was with their version of the 7EC, very little changed from Aeronca\'s. An enhanced version called the **Champion DeLuxe Traveler** offered a metal propeller with spinner, wheel pants, a steerable tailwheel, and navigation lights.
773 7EC aircraft were produced during the original production run.
In late 2007, American Champion introduced a revised version of the 7EC, featuring the Continental O-200-A engine of 100 hp. Differing in a number of ways from earlier 7ECs, this new version in particular replaced the wood-spar wings of the earlier versions with a metal-spar wing and used aluminum gear legs. To fit within the Light Sport requirements, the maximum weight was reduced to 1,320 pounds (599 kilograms). The aircraft was discontinued by mid-2019.
### 7FC Tri-Traveler {#fc_tri_traveler}
In 1957, Champion brought out the 7FC, which is similar to the 7EC but with tricycle landing gear instead of conventional (tailwheel) gear, oleo struts on all 3 wheels, and extra frame bracing for the nosewheel. Factory standard equipment was comparable to the 7EC DeLuxe Traveler. The 7FC is 3 mph slower and 90 lb heavier than an equivalent 7EC, with a standard useful load of 540 lb, compared with 630 lb for the 7EC; both use the 90 hp Continental C90-12F engine. Standard gross weight of the 7FC is 1450 lb with an increase to 1500 lb allowed with the installation of \"Wide Track Main Gear.\"
472 7FC aircraft were built.
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# Aeronca Champion
## Variants
### 7GC Sky Trac {#gc_sky_trac}
Generally similar to 7EC but with a 140 hp Lycoming O-290-D2B engine and modified fuselage structure for increased gross weight. Gross weight is 1650 lb in standard configuration, 1732 lb in seaplane configuration. 171 were produced.
### 7GCA Sky Trac {#gca_sky_trac}
Agricultural variant of the 7GC with identical gross weight but with a 150 hp Lycoming O-320-A2B engine. 396 were made.
### 7GCB Challenger {#gcb_challenger}
Based on 7GCA, but with enlarged flaps and increased wing area. 195 built.
### 7HC DX\'er {#hc_dxer}
Similar to 7GC with identical gross weights for landplane and floatplane versions, but with a front seat control yoke instead of a control stick, modified fuselage structure, tricycle landing gear, and an enlarged rear seat for two occupants. 39 were produced.
### 7JC Tri-Con {#jc_tri_con}
Similar to 7EC but with reverse tricycle undercarriage; however, the aircraft may be converted to a standard tailwheel undercarriage and operated at a 1500 lb gross weight. 25 were built.
### 7KC Olympia {#kc_olympia}
7GCA with smaller wings, redesigned empennage, other aerodynamic refinements, deletion of rear-seat flight controls, and minor detail changes. 4 were built.
## Specifications (7AC) {#specifications_7ac}
`{{Aircraft specs
|ref=FAA Type Certification Data Sheet, Plane & Pilot and Montgomery<ref name="A-759_p1"/><ref name="Plane and Pilot">Plane and Pilot: ''1978 Aircraft Directory'', page 12. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. {{ISBN|0-918312-00-0}}</ref><ref name="Foster">Montgomery, M.R. and Gerald Foster: ''A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition'', pages 64–65. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. {{ISBN|0-395-62888-1}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification,
met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|genhide=
|crew=one
|capacity=one passenger
|length m=
|length ft=21
|length in=6
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=35
|span in=0
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|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=740
|empty weight note=
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|gross weight lb=1220
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|13|u.s
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# Marvel Williamson
**Marvel Williamson** (born November 4, 1953, in Holton, Kansas) is previously the Dean of the Kramer School of Nursing at Oklahoma City University.
## Academia
She came to Oklahoma from the American Nurses Association in Washington, D.C., where she was a Grants Specialist and director of strategic planning for the **American Nurses Foundation**. She has also served as Dean of Health Sciences and Director of the Ellen Finley Earhart School of Nursing at Park University; Vice President for Patient Services at Ransom Memorial Hospital (in Kansas); professor of nursing at the University of Iowa, the University of Kentucky, and Albany State University.
She earned her Ph.D. in Educational Administration from the University of Iowa. Her MSN was earned at the University of Kentucky and her BSN from Wichita State University.
## Writings
Williamson is the author of numerous professional journal articles, book chapters, and the book *Great Sex After 40: Strategies for Lifelong Fulfillment*. She served as principal investigator on 12 scientific research studies, and wrote numerous grant-funded initiatives, totaling over \$6,300,000 in federal and private grants approved thus far. She is a manuscript reviewer for *Clinical Nursing Research*, *Western Journal of Nursing Research*, *Nursing* and the *American Journal of Nursing*.
Williamson has served on the National Coordinating Committee for School Health for the US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture, and the US Department of Education and on the National School Food Safety Coalition for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the Sex Education Advisory Panel for the Alan Guttmacher Institute (New York).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She has been married to Paul Williamson since 1973; they have two sons, Marcus and Sean
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# Stephen Warke
**Stephen John Simon Warke** (born 11 July 1959), in North Belfast, is an Irish former cricketer and national captain.
## Cricket career {#cricket_career}
A right-handed opening batsman, when he retired in 1996 Warke held the national record for most caps, with 114. His 4,275 runs for Ireland was also a record.
Warke was selected to captain Ireland in their maiden ICC Trophy event, in Kenya in 1994, but withdrew due to injury
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# Smith County School District
The **Smith County School District** is a public school district based in Raleigh, Mississippi (USA). The district\'s boundaries parallel that of Smith County.
## Schools
- Raleigh Elementary School (K-6)
- Raleigh High School (7-12)
- Taylorsville Attendance Center (K-12)
- Mize Attendance Center (K-12)
- Smith County Career Center
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 3,125 students enrolled in the Smith County School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 48% female and 52% male. The racial makeup of the district was 32.45% African American, 66.43% White, 0.96% Hispanic, 0.10% Native American, and 0.06% Asian. 50.2% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch
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# Aeronca Arrow
The **Aeronca Model 9 Arrow** was a low-wing all-metal cabin monoplane with retractable landing gear. It was marketed to returning pilots from World War II and unveiled in 1947 but never went into production.
The single prototype (registered *NX39581*) was destroyed in a crash during a test flight due to propeller failure
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# Kitagata Station (Saga)
is a passenger railway station located in the Kitagata neighborhood of the city of Takeo, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.
## Lines
The station is served by the Sasebo Line and is located 7.4 km from the starting point of the line at `{{STN|Hizen-Yamaguchi|x}}`{=mediawiki}. Only Sasebo Line local services stop at this station.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The station, which is unstaffed, consists of a side platform and an island platform serving three tracks. Sidings branch off tracks 1 and 3. The station building is a timber structure which presently serves only as a waiting room. Access to the island platform is by means of a footbridge.
<file:JR佐世保線北方駅> - panoramio (1).jpg\|A view from platform 1 in the direction of `{{STN|Takahashi|x}}`{=mediawiki}.
## History
The private Kyushu Railway had opened a track from `{{STN|Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{STN|Saga|x}}`{=mediawiki} on 20 August 1891. In the next phase of expansion, the track was extended westwards with Takeo (today `{{STN|Takeo-Onsen|x}}`{=mediawiki}) opening as the new western terminus on 5 May 1895. Kitagata was opened on the same day as an intermediate station along the new stretch of track. When the Kyushu Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1907, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station. On 12 October 1909, the station became part of the Nagasaki Main Line. On 1 December 1934, another track was designated the Nagasaki Main Line and the track serving the station was redesignated the Sasebo Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Kyushu.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
In fiscal 2015, there were a total of 36,647 boarding passengers, giving a daily average of 100 passengers
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# Paul Farbrace
**Paul Farbrace** (born 7 July 1967) is the Head Coach of Sussex and a former professional cricketer.
He is also a former assistant coach to the England cricket team.
Farbrace, nicknamed \"Farbie\", was a wicket-keeper and right-handed batsman who represented Kent County Cricket Club and Middlesex County Cricket Club, playing in 40 first-class cricket matches and 28 List A cricket matches.
He enjoyed considerable success as head coach of the Sri Lankan Cricket Team, winning the ICC World Twenty20 2014 and Asia Cup 2014.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Farbrace played for Kent between 1987 and 1989 and for Middlesex from 1990 to 1995. His peak season in county cricket was 1991, when he played 20 first-class matches, made 54 dismissals, but he only averaged 14.81 with the bat. With an overall career batting average of 18.23 he only made another four appearances in first-class cricket, all of which were matches against universities, rather than County Championship matches. He was replaced as wicket-keeper by longstanding Middlesex player Keith Brown, who had played as a specialist batsman while Farbrace was in the side.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
Farbrace\'s early forays into a coaching career saw him spend two years coaching U15 football at Hampton School. Despite some mediocre results, Hampton\'s style of football was widely admired throughout the London Schools football scene. Following Hampton, he led England\'s Under 19 side, and the national women\'s team in 2000. Following a spell running the Kent Academy, he was appointed as the assistant coach to Trevor Bayliss for Sri Lanka in July 2007. He sustained a minor injury when the Sri Lankan team was attacked by terrorists in Lahore in March 2009.
### Kent
He was named first-team coach of Kent for the 2010 season on 31 July 2009. Kent finished the season second bottom of the County Championship and were relegated to the second tier after earning promotion the previous season. Kent won three of their sixteen matches and finished with 151 points. In the Clydesdale Bank 40, Kent finished runners up in their group to Warwickshire, narrowly missing out on reaching the quarter finals. Kent failed to progress beyond the group stage of the domestic T20 competition, finishing seventh in their group.
Kent endured a difficult second season under Farbrace. In the first season back in Division two, they could only manage five wins, finishing the competition second bottom. They finished fourth in the Group stage in the Clydesdale Bank 40 competition. In the Twenty20 competition they qualified from the group, finishing third and earning a place in the quarter finals. However, they lost the quarter-final against Leicestershire in a high scoring game. At the end of the season Farbrace left his role and was replaced by Jimmy Adams.
Upon leaving Canterbury, Farbrace was appointed to the role of Second XI Coach for Yorkshire County Cricket Club, prior to the start of the 2012 domestic cricket season.
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