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He also had a cameo in Sunset Boulevard, directed by Billy Wilder. Early life Born in St John's Wood, London, England in 1876, H. B. Warner was educated at Bedford School. His father, Charles Warner, was an actor, and though young Henry initially thought about studying medicine, he eventually followed in his father's footsteps and performed on the stage. He had an older sister, Grace Warner (1873-1925), who was a stage actress and manager. Stage Warner's stage debut came in It's Never Too Late to Mend when he was 21. He acted in a several plays before coming to the United States for the 1905-1906 season. |
His Broadway credits include Silence (1924), You and I (1922), Danger (1921), Sleeping Partners (1918), Out There (1917), and Blackbirds (1912). Film H. B. Warner began his film career in silent films in 1914, when he debuted in The Lost Paradise. He played lead roles in the silent era and also appeared in numerous Broadway plays. His greatest success was the role of Jesus Christ in Cecil B. DeMille's silent film epic The King of Kings in 1927. He received good reviews for this role, but with the advent of sound era, he turned towards supporting roles, mostly because of his age. |
He usually was cast in dignified roles in numerous films of the 1930s and 1940s. He played in the 1930 version of Liliom (as the Heavenly Magistrate), in Five Star Final (1931, as Michael Townsend), in Grand Canary (1934, as Dr. Ismay), and the 1935 version of A Tale of Two Cities as Gabelle. He also portrayed the strict judge in Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) with Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur. He appeared in the original 1937 version of Lost Horizon as Chang, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Among his later films were You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Rains Came (1939), and The Corsican Brothers. |
In It's a Wonderful Life (1946) he played what was for him an atypical role, as the drunken druggist. Occasionally, Warner was seen in sinister roles, as in the 1941 film version of The Devil and Daniel Webster, in which he played the ghost of John Hathorne. Also that year he played the villainous role of Mr. Carrington in Topper Returns. He also appeared in Sunset Boulevard (1950) in which he played himself, playing cards with some other former silent film stars including Buster Keaton and Anna Q Nilsson. He had a cameo role in Cecil B DeMille's The Ten Commandments. |
His last film role was an uncredited cameo in Darby's Rangers (1958). Personal life Warner was married twice, first to the former Mrs. F.R. Hamlin who died in 1914 and from 1915 until 1933 to Marguerite L. 'Rita' Stanwood. On 21 December 1958 Warner died in Los Angeles, California of a heart attack, and is inurned in a private vault at the Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles, California. For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Warner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6600 Hollywood Boulevard. |
Selected filmography The Lost Paradise (1914) as Reuben Warren (film debut) The Ghost Breaker (1914) as Warren Jarvis The Market of Vain Desire (1916) as John Armstrong Shell 43 (1916) as William Berner The Beggar of Cawnpore (1916) as Dr. Robert Lowndes The Vagabond Prince (1916) The Man Who Turned White (1919) A Fugitive from Matrimony (1919) Haunting Shadows (1919) The White Dove (1920) as Sylvester Lanyon One Hour Before Dawn (1920) as George Clayton Felix O'Day (1920) Uncharted Channels (1920) Dice of Destiny (1920) When We Were 21 (1921) Zaza (1923) as Bernard Dufresne Is Love Everything? |
(1924) as Jordan Southwick Whispering Smith (1926) as 'Whispering Smith' Silence (1926) as Jim Warren The King of Kings (1927) as Jesus Sorrell and Son (1927) as Stephen Sorrell French Dressing (1927) as Phillip Grey Man-Made Women (1928) as Jules Moret Romance of a Rogue (1928) The Naughty Duchess (1928) as Duke de St. Maclou Conquest (1928) as James Farnham The Doctor's Secret (1929) as Richard Garson Stark Mad (1929) as Prof. Dangerfield The Divine Lady (1929) as Sir William Hamilton The Trial of Mary Dugan (1929) as District Attorney Galway The Gamblers (1929) as James Darwin The Argyle Case (1929) as Hurley The Show of Shows (1929) as The Victim - Guillotine Sequence Tiger Rose (1929) as Dr. Cusick Wedding Rings (1929) as Lewis Dike The Green Goddess (1930) as Major Crespin The Furies (1930) as Oliver Bedlow The Second Floor Mystery (1930) as Inspector Bray Wild Company (1930) as Henry Grayson On Your Back (1930) as Raymond Pryor Liliom (1930) as Chief Magistrate The Princess and the Plumber (1930) as Prince Conrad of Daritzia A Woman of Experience (1931) as Major Hugh Schmidt The Reckless Hour (1931) as Walter Nichols Five Star Final (1931) as Michael Townsend Expensive Women (1931) as Melville Raymond Charlie Chan's Chance (1932) as Inspector Fife The Menace (1932) as Inspector Tracy A Woman Commands (1932) as Col. Stradimirovitsch Unholy Love (1932) as Dr. Daniel Gregory Tom Brown of Culver (1932) as Dr. Brown The Crusader (1932) as Phillip Brandon The Phantom of Crestwood (1932) as Priam Andes The Son-Daughter (1932) as Sin Kai Supernatural (1933) as Dr. Carl Houston Jennie Gerhardt (1933) as William Gerhardt Christopher Bean (1933) as Maxwell Davenport Sorrell and Son (1933) as Captain Stephen Sorrell Grand Canary (1934) as Dr. Ismay In Old Santa Fe (1934) as Charlie Miller Behold My Wife (1934) as Hubert Carter Night Alarm (1934) as Henry B. Smith Born to Gamble (1935) as Carter Mathews A Tale of Two Cities (1935) as Gabelle The Garden Murder Case (1936) as Major Fenwicke-Ralston Rose of the Rancho (1936) as Don Pasqual Castro Moonlight Murder (1936) as Godfrey Chiltern Mr. |
Deeds Goes to Town (1936) as Judge May Blackmailer (1936) as Michael Rankin Along Came Love (1936) as Dr. Martin Lost Horizon (1937) as Chang Our Fighting Navy (1937) as British Consul Brent Victoria the Great (1937) as Lord Melbourne Girl of the Golden West (1938) as Father Sienna The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938) as Chen Tsu Kidnapped (1938) as Angus Rankeillor The Toy Wife (1938) as Victor Brigard Bulldog Drummond in Africa (1938) as Col. J.A. |
Nielsen Army Girl (1938) as Col. Armstrong You Can't Take It With You (1938) as Ramsay Arrest Bulldog Drummond (1938) as Colonel Nielsen Let Freedom Ring (1939) as Rutledge Bulldog Drummond's Secret Police (1939) as Colonel Nielson The Gracie Allen Murder Case (1939) as Richard Lawrence Bulldog Drummond's Bride (1939) as Colonel Nielson Nurse Edith Cavell (1939) as Hugh Gibson The Rains Came (1939) as Maharajah Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) as Senator Agnew - Senate Majority Leader New Moon (1940) as Father Michel The Man from Dakota (1940) Topper Returns (1941) as Mr. Carrington The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941) as Justice John Hathorne City of Missing Girls (1941) as Captain McVeigh South of Tahiti (1941) as High Chief Kawalima The Corsican Brothers (1941) as Dr. Enrico Paoli Crossroads (1942) as Prosecuting Attorney A Yank in Libya (1942) as Herbert Forbes The Boss of Big Town (1942) as Jeffrey Moore Hitler's Children (1943) as The Bishop Women in Bondage (1943) as Pastor Renz Action in Arabia (1944) as Abdul El Rashid Enemy of Women (1944) as Col. Eberhart Brandt Faces in the Fog (1944) as Defense Attorney Rankins Rogues' Gallery (1944) as Prof. Reynolds Captain Tugboat Annie (1945) as Judge Abbott Strange Impersonation (1946) as Dr. Mansfield Gentleman Joe Palooka (1946) as Sen. McCarden It's a Wonderful Life (1946) as Mr. Gower Driftwood (1947) as Rev. |
J. Hollingsworth High Wall (1947) as Mr. Slocum The Prince of Thieves (1948) as Gilbert Head The Judge Steps Out (1949) as Chief Justice Hayes El Paso (1949) as Judge Fletcher Hellfire (1949) as Brother Joseph Sunset Boulevard (1950) as Himself The First Legion (1951) as Fr. Jose Sierra Here Comes the Groom (1951) as Uncle Elihu Journey Into Light (1951) as Wiz - the Wino The Ten Commandments (1956) as Amminadab (final film role) See also List of actors with Academy Award nominations References External links Photographs and literature Category:1876 births Category:1958 deaths Category:English male film actors Category:English male silent film actors Category:English male stage actors Category:People from St John's Wood Category:20th-century English male actors Category:Burials at Chapel of the Pines Crematory Category:Male actors from London Category:People educated at Bedford School Category:British people of English descent Category:British expatriate male actors in the United States |
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ions. It forms a weak complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex. Complexometric indicators are also known as pM indicators. Complexometric titration In analytical chemistry, complexometric indicators are used in complexometric titration to indicate the exact moment when all the metal ions in the solution are sequestered by a chelating agent (most usually EDTA). Such indicators are also called metallochromic indicators. The indicator may be present in another liquid phase in equilibrium with the titrated phase, the indicator is described as extraction indicator. |
Some complexometric indicators are sensitive to air and are destroyed. When such solution loses color during titration, a drop or two of fresh indicator may have to be added. Examples Complexometric indicators are water-soluble organic molecules. Some examples are: Calcein with EDTA for calcium Patton-Reeder Indicator with EDTA for calcium with magnesium Curcumin for boron, that forms Rosocyanine, although the red color change of curcumin also occurs for pH > 8.4 Eriochrome Black T for aluminium, cadmium, calcium and magnesium Fast Sulphon Black with EDTA for copper Hematoxylin for copper Murexide calcium and rare earths Xylenol orange for gallium, indium and scandium Redox indicators In some settings, when the titrated system is a redox system whose equilibrium is influenced by the removal of the metal ions, a redox indicator can function as a complexometric indicator. |
References Category:Analytical chemistry |
The zygomaticus major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow one to smile. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve), more specifically, the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. Structure The zygomaticus extends from each zygomatic arch (cheekbone) to the corners of the mouth. Function It raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles. Usually a single unit, Dimples are caused by variations in form. |
It is thought that dimples are caused by bifid zygomaticus major muscle. Image Dimple References External links Zygomaticus Major Clips of muscle action Category:Muscles of the head and neck |
The Blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus (B1MaV) is a plant virus which infects blueberry plants, causing a discoloration of the leaves of the plants in a mosaic-like pattern. The disease is found in blueberry plants in many regions of North America, as well as South America, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa. Within these regions the virus is most often found in high blueberry-yielding areas, but can be spread to other locations. Blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus is one of seven species in the genus Ophiovirus. It is a member of the Aspiviridae family, in the Serpentovirales order, and in the Milnevircetes class. |
The Ophioviridae viruses are characterized by a flexible and elongated nucleocapsid that is composed mostly of filamentous structures and is helically symmetrical. It also has a non-enveloped protein capsid that is capable of coiling around itself allowing for a super-coiled structure and the helical symmetry. The virus has the potential to be symptomatic or asymptomatic within plants causing the display of symptoms in only a few plants, but the ability to transmit the virus unknowingly in many plants. B1MaV often remains asymptomatic for long periods of time after initial infection allowing for blind transmission. Symptoms When a plant is initially infected with the virus the plant will often display a symptom-free period, meaning there is long latent period between viral infection and symptom appearance. |
The virus can also become dormant in some areas of the plant and expressed in others, causing some leaves to display symptoms and others to be asymptomatic. When a blueberry plant begins to show symptoms of infection by B1MaV a mild to severe mottle and mosaic patterns on foliage appears. The pattern is in the colors of yellow, yellow green, and pink. Usually symptoms appear on only a few leaves, but can appear on more of the plant in severe seasons. The infection also causes late ripening of fruit, reduced yield of the crop, and poor quality of the berries, as the virus spreads throughout the plant and begins affecting cellular mechanisms. |
The virus does not kill the plant, however, rather it just affects the quality and quantity of fruit produced by the plant. Structure The blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus virion is described as a nonenveloped nucleocapsid. It is a naked filamentous nucleocapsid that can form circles making the open form of the virus or can form a pseudo-linear duplex form that forms the collapsed form of the virus. The nucleocapsid is 3 nm in diameter and 700 to 2000 nm long, pseudo-linear duplex are about 9-10 nm in diameter. Ophiovirdae are composed of 3 to 4 RNA segments, with each segment being individually encapsulated. |
In the case of B1MaV, there are three RNA segments, and therefore each segment is encapsulated by a nucleocapsid protein. Each encapsulated structure contains a viral and viral complementary RNA strand (vRNA and vcRNA). The population structure is highly conserved in B1MaV as a result of low genetic diversity among isolates of the virus. Genome The genome is a linear segmented genome that is 11,467 nucleotides long and is composed of three negative single strand RNA sequences. RNA one is the longest RNA sequence and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) that encode two proteins. The proteins encoded include a 23 kDa protein that has an unknown function and a 272 kDa RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) replicase. |
The presence of these two ORFs in the largest RNA strand and the two ORF's having the same polarity is a key genomic feature of Ophioviridae. The RdRp encoded has five conserved motifs (A-E). The SDD sequence which is a characteristic sequence for segmented negative strand RNA viruses such as Ophiovirdae is found in motif C of the RdRp. RNA 2 encodes for a 58 kDa movement protein that is thought to also be involved in the suppression of post transcriptional gene silencing. RNA 3 encodes 50 kDa nucleocapsid protein. The 5’ terminal sequences are not conserved between RNA transmissions, but all of the 5’ termini fold into conserved stem-loop structures. |
These structures are likely involved in packaging of the genomic RNAs into their capsid or in long-distance interactions for transcription and translation. The 3’ terminal of all three RNAs are identical and conserved. The conserved nucleotide sequence is ‘AAUAUC’. Ophiovirdae have a G+C content is 32.3-39.8%. The genome of Ophiovirdae is typically 11.3-12.5 kilobytes long. These viral RNA sequences appear in higher concentrations in symptomatic leaves then in asymptomatic leaves of the same plant. Replication cycle Entry into cell Ophiovirdae travel from cell to cell in a plant via plasmodesmata and often alter the flexibility of the plasmodesmata by affecting proteins such as movement proteins of the virus. |
The movement proteins that the virus encodes in RNA 2, often effect cellular mechanisms for transport to distant tissues in the plant. B1MaV has nuclear localization signals within its protein sequences. These amino acid sequences tag the protein for import into the cell's nucleus via nuclear transport mechanisms of the cell. Replication and transcription B1MaV is translated from mRNA which is complementary to the vRNAs of the virus genome. Replication of ophioviruses as well as virion assembly is believed to occur in the cytoplasm. Modulation of host processes There are several proteins produced by the viral mRNA in transcription and translation that affect the host cells processes, making a more suitable environment for viral replication and transcription. |
There is not much information known as to exactly what viral proteins interfere with the host cell processes. One protein that is encoded on RNA 2 is the movement protein for B1MaV. This protein helps the virus travel between cells via plasmodesmata. It also is involved in suppression in post translational gene silencing of cellular genes, therefore preventing the silencing of some cellular genes causing consequent expression and the effects of these expressed genes. Tropism The virus is transmissible via grafting, meaning that when an infected plant is joined with a noninfected plant to promote continued growth of the plant, the infected plant spreads the virus to the once noninfected plant. |
Asymptomatic plants can serve as reservoirs for the pathogen that can in turn spread the disease to highly susceptible plants. The virus can further spread to new growing areas accidentally by plant nurseries since blueberries are reproduced asexually and asymptomatic blueberry plants may be used. Ophiovirdae are also transmitted through the soil via fungi. This would allow B1MaV to survive in the spores of an infected root fungi leading to further spread. Since the viral genome is three segmented negative RNA strands, there is the possibility for re-assortment of genetic segments between B1MaV and other segmented viruses infecting the same plant, leading to possible further transmission of the virus by other means. |
Associated diseases Citrus psorosis virus Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) is a viral infection that infects citrus plants causing a major loss in citrus trees by affecting their conductive tissues. Some characteristic symptoms of the disease include bark scaling in the trunk and main branches of an adult plant as well as internal staining in the underlying wood. As in B1MaV this virus has three segmented negative RNA strands within its genome. Citrus psorosis virus also has three negative stranded RNA sequences encased in a protein coat. They also have the closet molecular structure to that of B1MaV in the Ophiovirus genus. |
This I shown in the analysis of the conserved RdRp motifs in B1MaV and CPsV. The infection occurs in the phloem and parenchyma cells of the citrus trees. The main cytopathic changes of the infected cells are the presence of a large number of abnormal chloroplasts, as well as mitochondria and cellular abnormalities. There has also been reports of lower levels of auxin as a result of viral infection. The species most severally infected are sweet oranges, grapefruit, and mandarin trees. Just as in B1MaV, CpsV is graft transmissible and also appears to remain asymptomatic for the first several years of infection. |
Lettuce ring necrosis virus Lettuce ring necrosis is a viral infection that affects lettuce leaves, causing necrotic ring like patterns on the middle of leaves. The infected leaves often decay and make the whole plant unusable. As with B1MaV, the lettuce ring necrosis virus spreads via soil transmission through fungal zoospores, and the symptoms in the plant often do not appear for several weeks to months after infection. This virus is a member of the Ophiovirus family and therefore has many of the same genome and structural characteristics as that of B1MaV. This virus often occurs along with lettuce big-vein virus. |
Lettuce big-vein virus causes the veins of the plant to be banded and sometimes bumpy affecting the quality of the plant causing underdevelopment making the plant unusable References Category:Aspiviridae |
Wellington College is a boys secondary school in the Wellington, New Zealand suburb of Mount Victoria. History Wellington College opened in 1867 as Wellington Grammar School in Woodward Street, though Sir George Grey gave the school a deed of endowment in 1853. In 1869 the school moved to a new, spired, wooden building on the hills above the central city in Clifton Terrace from where it could be seen from many places in Wellington. In 1874 the college opened in a much larger building at its present location. The former boarding establishment at the College, Firth House, was named after Joseph Firth, the headmaster from 1892 to 1921. |
Wellington College's Pavilion, Firth House and the Gifford Observatory were opened on 1 December, 1924. The War Memorial Hall was opened on 2 March, 1928, financially supported by £6000 from the Old Boys' Association. The War Memorial Hall and classroom wings were demolished by the Ministry of Works and replaced in the 1960s with a new hall and seven-storey Tower classroom block due to its lack of earthquake reinforcements. The stained glass window from the front of the War Memorial Hall is now located in the front of the existing hall. During the 1970s the Maths, Library and Technology blocks were opened, replacing the last of the War Memorial Hall building and classroom wings that opened in 1928. |
Also, the Old Boys Gymnasium was built on the eastern boundary of the campus replacing the swimming pool. In 1980 Firth House was demolished to make way for a new gymnasium which opened in 1982. 1988 saw the opening of the Arts and Music block, and the Brierley Theatre, named after old boy Ron Brierley. The first dedicated computer rooms in the College opened in 1994 in a new building located behind the school hall. 2001 saw the opening of the Science block, on the western boundary of the campus. In 2008 the Languages block opened, also located on the western boundary. |
The campus also has many prefabricated buildings, some functioning as offices and some as classrooms. The only "historical" buildings remaining on campus to this day are Firth Hall, the Pavilion and the Gifford Observatory. In 2016, the College Hall was demolished to make way for a larger Assembly Hall and Performing Arts Centre, which would be able to hold the entire school with its growing population. In preparation for this, the staffroom was moved to Firth Hall, the Uniform Shop opened a new premise next to the Archives, and the Computer Block was opened on the first floor of Tower Block. |
Construction on the new hall commenced in September 2016, starting with the removal of the Memorial Window. About Wellington College's enrolment zone mainly covers the central and western suburbs of Wellington (Rongotai College serves the southeastern suburbs, and Onslow College the northern suburbs). Each year the school's rugby team plays in a competition with Nelson College, Christ's College, and Wanganui Collegiate School known as the "Quadrangular Tournament". Wellington are the reigning champions of this tournament and have been since 2003. Their current winning streak of ten titles in a row is the longest in the tournament's history. The school also competes in a local athletics competition known as "McEvedy Shield" along with St. Patrick's College (Town), St. Patrick's College, Silverstream and Rongotai College. |
Historically, Wellington College have won the shield 52 times since 1922, more than any other school. They are the current champions of the McEvedy Shield, winning four consecutive titles between 2015 and 2018. It is next to Wellington East Girls' College, also in Mount Victoria, and shares with that college the Gifford Observatory. Although Wellington College is situated next to Wellington East Girls' College, its sister college is Wellington Girls' College located in Thorndon. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, Wellington College earned the highest number of scholarships in the New Zealand scholarship exams. Board of Trustees The Wellington College Board of Trustees consists of twelve elected and appointed members. |
Notable alumni The Arts Maxwell Fernie - organist, conductor and music teacher Alexander Grant, dancer Jonathan Harlen, author Dai Henwood - comedian Raybon Kan - writer and comedian Bret McKenzie - Academy Award-winning songwriter and member of Flight of the Conchords John Mulgan - editor, writer, journalist and Army officer Robert J. Pope - songwriter, poet, cricketer Karl Urban - actor Barnaby Weir - Singer The Black Seeds Broadcasting & journalism Edward George Honey - Australian journalist credited by some as the originator of the Two-minute silence tradition John Campbell - current events TV host Keith Quinn - TV & radio sports presenter Chris Spence - journalist Bryan Waddle - cricket commentator & radio presenter Business Ron Brierley - businessman Alan Gibbs - businessman Arthur Myers - businessman, politician Steve Outtrim - businessman Frank Renouf - businessman Public service Henry Avery, New Zealand's Quartermaster General during World War Two and former All Black Grafton Francis Bothamley - Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives Arthur Coningham - World War II commander and World War I Air Ace. |
Portrayed in the film Patton Ken Douglas, trade union leader and politician Bernard Freyberg, Governor-General, World War I VC Winner and World War II commander Thomas Gault - Justice of the Supreme Court of New Zealand Ralph Grey, last Governor of Northern Ireland (also attended Scots College) Frederick Melrose Horowhenua Hanson, World War II commander, subsequently Commissioner of Works at the Ministry of Works Michael Hardie Boys - former Governor-General of New Zealand Michael Heron - former Solicitor-General of New Zealand (former Head Prefect) Thomas Charles Atkinson Hislop - Mayor of Wellington from 1931 to 1945 Don Hunn CNZM - senior New Zealand diplomat, civil servant, and State Services Commissioner Ngatata Love - academic and Treaty negotiator Rex Mason - politician Matthew Oram - lawyer, politician, Speaker of Parliament Graham Beresford Parkinson - World War II commander Paul Reeves - former Governor-General of New Zealand Adrian G. Rodda - senior civil servant and Chairman of the State Services Commission Eric Alwyn Roussell - Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives William Ball Sutch, New Zealand public servant, put on trial for espionage Ray Wallace, Mayor of Lower Hutt Science George Leslie Adkin - farmer, geologist, ethnologist, photographer, and environmentalist. |
David Benney - emeritus professor and former head of the Department of Mathematics at MIT Ian Foster - computer scientist William Pickering - former Head of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (space scientist) Philip Robertson - chemist, university professor and writer Jonathan Sarfati - creationist, scientist, and New Zealand Chess Champion Sport Tom Blundell (cricketer) - cricketer, plays for Wellington Firebirds and Black Caps Leo Bertos - football (soccer) player with the Wellington Phoenix and New Zealand All Whites. Harry Boam - cricketer, plays for Wellington Firebirds Craig Bradshaw - Former Professional Basketballer, and member of New Zealand Tall Blacks. |
George Bridgewater - New Zealand rower Tim Brown - football (soccer) player with the Wellington Phoenix and New Zealand All Whites. Ralph Caulton - All Black Ross Durant - football (soccer) player for New Zealand All Whites Simon Elliott - football (soccer) player with the San Jose Earthquakes and New Zealand All Whites Marc Ellis - former All Black, entertainer, businessman James Franklin - cricketer, plays for Black Caps and Wellington Firebirds Ken Gray - All Black Onny Parun - tennis player Dion Prewster - Professional Basketballer, and member of New Zealand Tall Blacks. Lima Sopoaga - All Black Peter Taylor - New Zealand rower Neemia Tialata - All Black Filo Tiatia - All Black Dane Coles - All Black Ian Uttley - All Black Nelson Asofa-Solomona - rugby league player for Melbourne Storm References 2. |
A.W Beasley, The Light Accepted : 125 Years of Wellington College, Board of Trustees of Wellington College, Wellington, 1992 External links Official website Source for examination results Wellington College and the First World War (from the Ministry of Culture and Heritage) St Pats take McEvedy Shield Category:Boys' schools in New Zealand Category:Educational institutions established in 1867 Category:Secondary schools in the Wellington Region Category:Schools in Wellington City Category:Cricket grounds in New Zealand Category:1867 establishments in New Zealand |
Events 138 – The Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor. 628 – Khosrow II, the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. 1336 – Four thousand defenders of Pilėnai commit mass suicide rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights. 1797 – Colonel William Tate and his force of 1000–1500 soldiers surrender after the Last invasion of Britain. 1831 – Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, part of Polish November Uprising against Russian Empire. 1836 – Samuel Colt is granted a United States patent for the Colt revolver. 1843 – Lord George Paulet occupies the Kingdom of Hawaii in the name of Great Britain in the Paulet Affair (1843). |
1848 – Provisional government in revolutionary France, by Louis Blanc's motion, guarantees workers' rights. 1856 – A Peace conference opens in Paris after the Crimean War. 1866 – Miners in Calaveras County, California, discover what is now called the Calaveras Skull – human remains that supposedly indicated that man, mastodons, and elephants had co-existed. 1870 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress. 1875 – Guangxu Emperor of Qing dynasty China begins his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency. 1901 – J. P. Morgan incorporates the United States Steel Corporation. |
1912 – Marie-Adélaïde, the eldest of six daughters of Guillaume IV, becomes the first reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. 1916 – World War I: The Germans capture Fort Douaumont during the Battle of Verdun. 1918 – German occupation of Estonia during World War I: Pernau, Reval, and Pskov are captured. 1919 – Oregon places a one cent per U.S. gallon tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax. 1921 – Tbilisi, capital of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, is occupied by Bolshevist Russia. 1928 – Charles Jenkins Laboratories of Washington, D.C. becomes the first holder of a broadcast license for television from the Federal Radio Commission. |
1932 – Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship by naturalization, which allows him to run in the 1932 election for Reichspräsident. 1933 – The is launched. It is the first US Navy ship to be designed from the start of construction as an aircraft carrier. 1939 – The first of 2 million Anderson air raid shelters appeared in North London. 1941 – February strike: In the occupied Amsterdam, a general strike is declared in response to increasing anti-Jewish measures instituted by the Nazis. 1947 – The formal abolition of Prussia is proclaimed by the Allied Control Council. The Prussian government had already been abolished by the Preußenschlag of 1932. |
1948 – Cold War: The Communist Party takes control of government in Czechoslovakia and the period of the Third Republic ends. 1951 – The first Pan American Games were officially opened in Buenos Aires, Argentina by President Juan Perón. 1954 – Gamal Abdel Nasser is made premier of Egypt. 1956 – Cold War: In his speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union denounces the cult of personality of Joseph Stalin. 1964 – North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il-sung calls for the removal of feudalistic land ownership aimed at turning all cooperative farms into state-run ones. |
1968 – Vietnam War: One hundred thirty-five unarmed citizens of Hà My village in South Vietnam's Quảng Nam Province are killed and buried en masse by South Korean troops in what would come to be known as the Hà My massacre. 1980 – The government of Suriname is overthrown by a military coup led by Dési Bouterse. 1986 – People Power Revolution: President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos flees the nation after 20 years of rule; Corazon Aquino becomes the Philippines' first woman president. 1987 – Southern Methodist University's football program is the first college football program to be banned from competition by the NCAA's Committee on Infractions. |
1991 – Gulf War: An Iraqi scud missile hits an American military barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia killing 28 U.S. Army Reservists from Pennsylvania. 1991 – Cold War: The Warsaw Pact is abolished. 1992 – Khojaly massacre: About 613 civilians are killed by Armenian armed forces during the conflict in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. 1994 – Mosque of Abraham massacre: In the Cave of the Patriarchs in the West Bank city of Hebron, Baruch Goldstein opens fire with an automatic rifle, killing 29 Palestinian worshippers and injuring 125 more before being subdued and beaten to death by survivors. 1997 – Yi Han-yong, a North Korean defector, was murdered by unidentified assailants in Bundang, South Korea. |
2009 – Soldiers of the Bangladesh Rifles mutiny at their headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka, Bangladesh, resulting in 74 deaths, including 57 army officials. 2009 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 crashed during landing at the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, primarily due to a faulty radio altimeter, resulting in the death of nine passengers and crew including all three pilots. 2015 – At least 310 people are killed in avalanches in northeastern Afghanistan. 2016 – Three people are killed and fourteen others injured in a series of shootings in the small Kansas cities of Newton and Hesston. |
Births 449 – Emperor Qianfei, emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (d. 466) 1259 – Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile (d. 1321) 1304 – Ibn Battuta, Moroccan jurist 1337 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1383) 1473 – Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din, Imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen (d. 1555) 1475 – Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York (d. 1499) 1540 – Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English aristocrat and courtier (d. 1614) 1543 – Sharaf Khan Bidlisi, Emir of Bitlis (d. 1603) 1552 – Magdalene of Lippe (d. 1587) 1591 – Friedrich Spee, German poet and author (d. 1635) 1643 – Ahmed II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1695) 1651 – Johann Philipp Krieger, German organist and composer (d. 1725) 1651 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (d. 1689) 1663 – Peter Anthony Motteux, French-English author, playwright, and translator (d. 1718) 1664 – Thomas Newcomen, English pastor and engineer (d. 1729) 1670 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1720) 1682 – Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist and pathologist (d. 1771) 1707 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright and composer (d. 1793) 1714 – René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, French lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of France (d. 1792) 1728 – John Wood, the Younger, English architect, designed the Royal Crescent (d. 1782) 1752 – John Graves Simcoe, English-Canadian general and politician, 1st Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada (d. 1806) 1755 – François René Mallarmé, French lawyer and politician (d. 1835) 1778 – José de San Martín, Argentinian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (d. 1850) 1806 – Emma Catherine Embury, American author and poet (d. 1863) 1809 – John Hart, English-Australian politician, 10th Premier of South Australia (d. 1873) 1812 – Carl Christian Hall, Danish lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1888) 1816 – Giovanni Morelli, Italian historian and critic (d. 1891) 1833 – John St. John, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Kansas (d. 1916) 1841 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter and sculptor (d. 1919) 1842 – Karl May, German author, poet, and playwright (d. 1912) 1845 – George Reid, Scottish-Australian lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1918) 1855 – Cesário Verde, Portuguese poet and author (d. 1886) 1856 – Karl Gotthard Lamprecht, German historian and academic (d. 1915) 1856 – Mathias Zdarsky, Czech-Austrian skier, painter, and sculptor (d. 1940) 1857 – Robert Bond, Canadian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d. 1927) 1860 – William Ashley, English historian and academic (d. 1927) 1865 – Andranik, Armenian general (d. 1927) 1866 – Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher and politician (d. 1952) 1869 – Phoebus Levene, Russian-American biochemist and physician (d. 1940) 1873 – Enrico Caruso, Italian-American tenor (d. 1921) 1877 – Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist and scholar (d. 1935) 1881 – William Z. |
Foster, American union leader and politician (d. 1961) 1881 – Alexei Rykov, Russian politician, Premier of Russia (d. 1938) 1883 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (d. 1981) 1885 – Princess Alice of Battenberg (d. 1969) 1888 – John Foster Dulles, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 52nd United States Secretary of State (d. 1959) 1889 – Homer S. Ferguson, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Philippines (d. 1982) 1890 – Myra Hess, English pianist and educator (d. 1965) 1894 – Meher Baba, Indian spiritual master (d. 1969) 1898 – William Astbury, physicist and molecular biologist (d. 1961) 1900 – Illa Martin, German dendrologist, botanist, conservationist, and dentist (d. 1988) 1900 – Marina Yurlova, Russian-American child soldier, author, and dancer (d. 1984) 1901 – Vince Gair, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Queensland (d. 1980) 1901 – Zeppo Marx, American comedian and agent (d. 1979) 1903 – King Clancy, Canadian ice hockey player, referee, and coach (d. 1986) 1905 – Perry Miller, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1963) 1906 – Mary Coyle Chase, American journalist and playwright (d. 1981) 1907 – Sabahattin Ali, Turkish journalist, author, and poet (d. 1948) 1908 – Mary Locke Petermann, cellular biochemist (d. 1975) 1908 – Frank G. Slaughter, American physician and author (d. 2001) 1910 – Millicent Fenwick, American journalist and politician (d. 1992) 1913 – Jim Backus, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1989) 1913 – Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988) 1917 – Anthony Burgess, English author, playwright, and critic (d. 1993) 1918 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d. 1995) 1919 – Monte Irvin, American baseball player and executive (d. 2016) 1920 – Philip Habib, American academic and diplomat, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (d. 1992) 1920 – Sun Myung Moon, Messiah II, Korean religious leader, founded the Unification Church (d. 2012) 1921 – Pierre Laporte, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec (d. 1970) 1921 – Andy Pafko, American baseball player and manager (d. 2013) 1922 – Molly Reilly, Canadian aviator (d. 1980) 1924 – Hugh Huxley, English-American biologist and academic (d. 2013) 1925 – Shehu Shagari, former President of Nigeria (d. 2018) 1925 – Lisa Kirk, American actress and singer (d. 1990) 1926 – Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Japanese-Turkish mathematician and academic (d. 2003) 1927 – Ralph Stanley, American singer and banjo player (d. 2016) 1928 – Paul Elvstrøm, Danish sailor and engineer (d. 2016) 1928 – A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., American judge, author, and activist (d. 1998) 1928 – Larry Gelbart, American author and screenwriter (d. 2009) 1928 – Richard G. Stern, American author and academic (d. 2013) 1929 – Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2007) 1932 – Tony Brooks, English race car driver 1932 – Faron Young, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996) 1934 – David E. Jeremiah, American admiral (d. 2013) 1934 – Tony Lema, American golfer (d. 1966) 1935 – Sally Jessy Raphael, American journalist and talk show host 1935 – Oktay Sinanoğlu, Turkish chemist and academic (d. 2015) 1937 – Tom Courtenay, English actor 1937 – Bob Schieffer, American journalist and author 1938 – Diane Baker, American actress 1938 – Herb Elliott, Australian runner and businessman 1938 – Farokh Engineer, Indian cricketer and referee 1940 – Billy Packer, American sportscaster and author 1940 – Ron Santo, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2010) 1941 – David Puttnam, English film producer and academic 1943 – Boediono, Indonesian politician, 11th Vice President of Indonesia 1943 – Jack Concannon, American football player and actor (d. 2005) 1943 – George Harrison, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2001) 1944 – Matt Guokas, American basketball player and coach 1944 – François Cevert, French race car driver (d. 1973) 1946 – Andrew Ang, Singaporean lawyer, judge, and academic 1946 – Jan Groth, Norwegian singer and keyboard player (d. 2014) 1946 – Franz Xaver Kroetz, German actor, director, and playwright 1946 – Jean Todt, French race car driver and businessman 1946 – Pete Wernick, American banjo player 1947 – Giuseppe Betori, Italian cardinal 1947 – Brian Burke, Australian politician, 23rd Premier of Western Australia 1947 – Lee Evans, American runner and coach 1947 – Marc Sautet, French philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1998) 1947 – Doug Yule, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1949 – Ric Flair, American wrestler, manager, and trainer 1949 – Jack Handey, American author and screenwriter 1949 – Amin Maalouf, Lebanese-French journalist and author 1950 – Francisco Fernández Ochoa, Spanish skier (d. 2006) 1950 – Neil Jordan, Irish director, screenwriter, and author 1950 – Néstor Kirchner, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 51st President of Argentina (d. 2010) 1950 – Emitt Rhodes, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and recording engineer 1951 – César Cedeño, Dominican baseball player and coach 1951 – Don Quarrie, Jamaican runner and coach 1952 – Jerry Chamberlain, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1952 – Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (d. 2000) 1953 – José María Aznar, Spanish academic and politician, Prime Minister of Spain 1954 – John Doe, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor 1955 – Rodger McFarlane, American soldier, therapist, and activist (d. 2009) 1955 – Camille Thériault, Canadian politician, 29th Premier of New Brunswick 1957 – Dennis Diken, American rock drummer and record producer 1957 – Chuck Strahl, Canadian businessman and politician, 28th Canadian Minister of Transport 1958 – Jeff Fisher, American football player and coach 1958 – Kurt Rambis, American basketball player and coach 1959 – Aleksei Balabanov, Russian director and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1959 – Mike Peters, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist 1961 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (d. 1993) 1961 – Luis Gatica, Mexican actor 1961 – Todd Blackledge, American football player and sportscaster 1962 – Birgit Fischer, German kayaker 1963 – Paul O'Neill, American baseball player and sportscaster 1964 – Lee Evans, English comedian and actor 1964 – Don Majkowski, American football player and sportscaster 1965 – Brian Baker, American guitarist and songwriter 1966 – Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree, English lawyer and politician 1966 – Téa Leoni, American actress 1966 – Nancy O'Dell, American model and journalist 1967 – Ed Balls, English politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer 1967 – Jonathan Freedland, English journalist and author 1968 – Danny Crnkovich, Australian rugby league player 1968 – Oumou Sangaré, Grammy Award-winning Malian Wassoulou musician 1969 – Petri Walli, Finnish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995) 1971 – Sean Astin, American actor, director, and producer 1971 – Helen Dobson, English golfer 1971 – Dave Harris, American radio host and songwriter 1971 – Stuart MacGill, Australian cricketer and sportscaster 1971 – Sean O'Haire, American wrestler, mixed martial artist, and kick-boxer (d. 2014) 1971 – Nova Peris, Australian athlete and politician 1971 – Daniel Powter, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist 1973 – Anthony Barness, English footballer 1973 – Julio Iglesias, Jr., Spanish singer and actor 1973 – Anson Mount, American actor 1974 – Dominic Raab, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 1974 – Kevin Skinner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1975 – Chelsea Handler, American comedian, author, and talk show host 1976 – Rashida Jones, American actress, producer, and screenwriter 1976 – Samaki Walker, American basketball player 1977 – Josh Wolff, American soccer player and manager 1980 – Antonio Burks, American basketball player and coach 1980 – Muratcan Güler, Turkish professional basketball player 1981 – Park Ji-sung, South Korean footballer 1982 – Chris Baird, Northern Irish international footballer, defender 1982 – Maria Kanellis, American wrestler 1982 – Bert McCracken, American singer-songwriter 1982 – Flavia Pennetta, Italian tennis player 1982 – Anton Volchenkov, Russian ice hockey player 1983 – Eduardo da Silva, Brazilian footballer 1983 – Steven Lewington, English wrestler 1984 – Lovefoxxx, Brazilian singer-songwriter 1984 – Craig Mackail-Smith, Scottish footballer 1984 – João Pereira, Portuguese footballer 1984 – Dane Swan, Australian footballer 1985 – Benji Marshall, New Zealand rugby league player 1985 – Joakim Noah, American basketball player 1986 – Jameela Jamil, American actress and activist 1986 – Danny Saucedo, Swedish singer-songwriter 1986 – James Starks, American football player 1987 – Justin Abdelkader, American ice hockey player 1988 – Aidan Guerra, Australian-Italian rugby league player 1988 – Tom Marshall, British photo colouriser and artist 1988 – Jimmy Monaghan, American-born Irish singer-songwriter and pianist 1989 – Jimmer Fredette, American basketball player 1989 – Kana Hanazawa, Japanese voice actress and singer 1989 – Milan Badelj, Croatian footballer 1990 – Alejandra Andreu, Spanish beauty queen 1990 – Jefferson Alves Oliveira, Brazilian footballer 1991 – Dominika Kaňáková, Czech tennis player 1992 – Zahia Dehar, Algerian fashion & lingerie designer 1992 – Max Aaron, American figure skater 1994 – Eugenie Bouchard, Canadian tennis player 1999 – Gianluigi Donnarumma, Italian footballer Deaths 805 – De Zong, Chinese emperor (b. |
742) 806 – Tarasios, patriarch of Constantinople 891 – Fujiwara no Mototsune, Japanese regent (b. 836) 944 – Lin Ding, Chinese official and chancellor 1246 – Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Welsh king (b. 1212) 1321 – Beatrice d'Avesnes, consort of Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg 1495 – Sultan Cem, Ottoman politician (b. 1459) 1522 – William Lily, English scholar and educator (b. 1468) 1536 – Berchtold Haller, German-Swiss theologian and reformer (b. 1492) 1536 – Jacob Hutter, founder of the Hutterites 1547 – Vittoria Colonna, marchioness of Pescara (b. 1490) 1558 – Eleanor of Austria (b. 1498) 1600 – Sebastian de Aparicio, Spanish colonial industrialist and saint (b. |
1502) 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1566) 1634 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general and politician (b. 1583) 1655 – Daniel Heinsius, Flemish poet and scholar (b. 1580) 1682 – Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (b. 1639) 1710 – Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, French soldier and explorer (b. 1639) 1713 – Frederick I of Prussia (b. 1657) 1723 – Christopher Wren, English architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral (b. 1632) 1756 – Eliza Haywood, English actress and poet (b. 1693) 1796 – Samuel Seabury, American bishop (b. 1729) 1798 – Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French poet and diplomat (b. |
1716) 1805 – Thomas Pownall, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1722) 1819 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, Portuguese-French poet and educator (b. 1734) 1822 – William Pinkney, American politician and diplomat, 7th United States Attorney General (b. 1764) 1831 – Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German author and playwright (b. 1752) 1841 – Philip Pendleton Barbour, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1783) 1850 – Daoguang Emperor of China (b. 1782) 1852 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet and lyricist (b. 1779) 1865 – Otto Ludwig, German author, playwright, and critic (b. |
1813) 1870 – Henrik Hertz, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1797) 1875 – Thomas Reynolds, English-Australian politician, 5th Premier of South Australia (b. 1818) 1877 – Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepalese ruler (b. 1816) 1878 – Townsend Harris, American merchant, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Japan (b. 1804) 1888 – Josif Pančić, Serbian botanist and academic (b. 1814) 1899 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist and businessman, founded Reuters (b. 1816) 1906 – Anton Arensky, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1861) 1910 – Worthington Whittredge, American painter and educator (b. 1820) 1911 – Friedrich Spielhagen, German author, theorist, and translator (b. |
1829) 1912 – William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1852) 1914 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (b. 1820) 1915 – Charles Edwin Bessey, American botanist, author, and academic (b. 1845) 1916 – David Bowman, Australian politician (b. 1860) 1920 – Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy, French archaeologist and engineer (b. 1844) 1922 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (b. 1869) 1928 – William O'Brien, Irish journalist and politician (b. 1852) 1934 – Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, American botanist and academic (b. 1857) 1934 – John McGraw, American baseball player and manager (b. 1873) 1945 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian author, poet, and photographer (b. |
1893) 1950 – George Minot, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885) 1953 – Sergei Winogradsky, Ukrainian-Russian microbiologist and ecologist (b. 1856) 1957 – Mark Aldanov, Russian author and critic (b. 1888) 1957 – Bugs Moran, American mob boss (b. 1893) 1963 – Melville J. Herskovits, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1895) 1964 – Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian sculptor and illustrator (b. 1887) 1964 – Hinrich Lohse, German politician (b. 1896) 1964 – Grace Metalious, American author (b. 1924) 1970 – Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter and academic (b. 1903) 1971 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. |
1884) 1972 – S. O. Davies, Welsh miner, trade union official and politician (b. 1883 or 1886) 1972 – Gottfried Fuchs, German-Canadian Olympic soccer player (b. 1889) 1975 – Elijah Muhammad, American religious leader (b. 1897) 1978 – Daniel James, Jr., American general and pilot (b. 1920) 1980 – Robert Hayden, American poet and academic (b. 1913) 1983 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright, and poet (b. 1911) 1987 – James Coco, American actor and comedian (b. 1930) 1988 – Bernard Ashmole, English archaeologist and historian (b. 1894) 1993 – Toy Caldwell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) 1993 – Eddie Constantine, American-French actor (b. |
1917) 1994 – Baruch Goldstein, American-Israeli physician and murderer (b. 1956) 1996 – Vehbi Koç, Turkish businessman and philanthropist (b. 1901) 1996 – Haing S. Ngor, Cambodian-American physician and author (b. 1940) 1997 – Cal Abrams, American baseball player (b. 1924) 1997 – Andrei Sinyavsky, Russian journalist and publisher (b. 1925) 1998 – W. O. Mitchell, Canadian author and playwright (b. 1914) 1999 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912) 2001 – A. R. Ammons, American poet and critic (b. 1926) 2001 – Don Bradman, Australian cricketer (b. 1908) 2001 – Norbert Glanzberg, Polish-French composer (b. |
1910) 2001 – Sigurd Raschèr, German-American saxophonist (b. 1907) 2002 – James L. Usry, American politician, first African-American mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey (b. 1922) 2003 – Tom O'Higgins, Irish judge and politician, 6th Chief Justice of Ireland (b. 1916) 2003 – Alberto Sordi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1920) 2004 – Albert Chartier, Canadian illustrator (b. 1912) 2005 – Peter Benenson, English lawyer, founded Amnesty International (b. 1921) 2006 – Darren McGavin, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1922) 2007 – William Anderson, American commander and politician (b. 1921) 2007 – Clem Windsor, Australian rugby player and surgeon (b. |
1923) 2008 – Hans Raj Khanna, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, Indian Minister of Law and Justice (b. 1912) 2009 – Philip José Farmer, American author (b. 1918) 2010 – İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish pediatrician and academic (b. 1915) 2011 – Nikos Alexiou, Greek painter and set designer (b. 1960) 2012 – Lynn Compton, American lieutenant, lawyer, and judge (b. 1921) 2012 – Louisiana Red, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932) 2013 – Stewart "Dirk" Fischer, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1924) 2013 – C. Everett Koop, American surgeon and admiral, 13th Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1916) 2013 – Ray O'Connor, Australian soldier and politician, 22nd Premier of Western Australia (b. |
1926) 2014 – Angèle Arsenault, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1943) 2014 – Mário Coluna, Portuguese footballer (b. 1935) 2014 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1947) 2014 – Chokwe Lumumba, American lawyer and politician (b. 1947) 2015 – Harve Bennett, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1930) 2015 – Eugenie Clark, American biologist and academic (b. 1922) 2017 – Neil Fingleton, English actor and basketball player, one of the tallest 25 men in the world (b. 1980) 2017 – Bill Paxton, American actor (b. 1955) 2020 – Dmitry Yazov, last Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. |
1924) Holidays and observances Armed Forces Day (Dominican Republic) Christian feast day: Æthelberht of Kent Blessed Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás Donatus of Zadar Gerland of Agrigento John Roberts (Episcopal Church (USA)) Blessed Maria Adeodata Pisani, OSB Tarasius (Eastern Orthodox Churches and Traditionalist Catholics) Walburga February 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Kitano Baika-sai or "Plum Blossom Festival" (Kitano Tenman-gū Shrine, Kyoto, Japan) Meher Baba's birthday (followers of Meher Baba) Memorial Day for the Victims of the Communist Dictatorships (Hungary) National Day (Kuwait) People Power Day (Philippines) Revolution Day (Suriname) Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia) References External links BBC: On This Day Today in Canadian History Category:Days of the year Category:February |
Carole LaBonne is a Developmental and Stem Cell Biologist at Northwestern University. She is the Erastus O. Haven Professor of Life Sciences, and Chair of the Department of Molecular Biosciences. Education and early career LaBonne received her Bachelor Degree from the University of Rochester in 1989, doing research with Dr. Sayeeda Zain on the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease. Inspired by the work of famed embryologist and Rochester emeritus professor Johannes Holtfreter, LaBonne pursued doctoral work at Harvard University studying germ layer formation using Xenopus as a model. As a National Science Foundation pre-doctoral Fellow working with Malcolm Whitman, LaBonne characterized the role of FGF signaling in formation of the mesendoderm. |
During her doctoral career, LaBonne discovered that activin-mediated mesoderm induction required FGF signaling and elucidated the role of RAS-Map Kinase signaling in this process. Following her graduate work, LaBonne pursued Post-Doctoral work at the California Institute of Technology as an American Cancer Society Fellow working with Marianne Bronner on the molecular mechanisms underlying the early development of neural crest cells. She showed that formation of neural crest cells, a stem cell population unique to vertebrates, required both attenuation of endogenous BMP signaling and active Wnt signaling, and further showed that up regulation of the zinc-finger transcriptional repressor SNAI2 could bypass the need for BMP inhibition. |
In subsequent work she demonstrated that Snail-family proteins are required for both establishing the neural crest stem cell state and for the migratory and invasive behavior of neural crest cells, a role these factors also play in metastasizing tumor cells. Research and career LaBonne started her independent laboratory at Northwestern University in 2001 in the department of Molecular Biosciences (formerly Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology). She became a tenured associate professor in 2007, and a full professor in 2012. She was appointed the Erastus O. Haven Professor of Life Sciences in 2017. LaBonne has served as co-leader of the Tumor Environment and Metastasis Program in Northwestern’s Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center since 2005. |
She served as director of Northwestern’s Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences PhD program from 2009-2017. She currently serves as co-director of the NCI funded Oncogenesis and Developmental Biology Training Program, and as Director of Northwestern’s training cluster in Developmental, Systems and Stem Cell Biology. She was appointed Chair of the Department of Molecular Biosciences in 2017. Research in the LaBonne laboratory was the first to link Myc to the acquisition of stem cell attributes, and demonstrated that Myc plays a central role in neural crest ontogeny, several years prior to the initial report of the Yamanaka factors. This work proposed that Myc plays this key role in many stem cell populations, and more recent work by others has shown this to be the case. |
LaBonne’s group subsequently demonstrated that Id3 was a key Myc target in maintaining neural crest potency. The growing realization of the commonalities between pluripotent blastula inner cell mass cells/embryonic stem cells and neural crest cells led LaBonne’s group to proposed a new model in which neural crest cells arose via retention of the regulatory network controlling pluripotency in blastula cells and showed that neural crest cells possess a previously unrecognized capacity to form endoderm. This pioneering work created a new framework for studying these developmentally and clinically important cells. The LaBonne lab also demonstrated a role for FGF signaling in the retention of pluripotency underling neural crest genesis, and discovered that a novel switching of effector pathways, from Map Kinase to PI3 Kinase, controls the transit from pluripotency to lineage restriction. |
Recent work in the LaBonne lab has focused on the epigenetic control of pluripotency in naïve blastula cells, including a central role for HDAC activity in both maintaining blastula pluripotentcy and establishment of the neural crest stem cell population. Awards and honors Erastus O. |
Haven Endowed Chair, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences (2017) Chair, Gordon Research Conference on the Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes (2015) Ann McClaren Memorial Award, International Society for Differentiation (2014) Steering Committee, National Xenopus Resource (NXR) (2011–present) Award for Distinguished Teaching, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences (2014) Science Policy Committee, FASEB (Federation American Societies for Experimental Biology) (2013–present) Board of Directors, FASEB (2009–2013) Board of Directors, Society for Developmental Biology (2008–2014) Neurogenesis and Cell Fate Study Section (NCF), NIH (2012–2018) General Motors Cancer Research Scholar (2004) American Cancer Society Scholar Award (2004) March of Dimes Basil O’Connor Award (2001) References Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Developmental biologists Category:California Institute of Technology people Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Northwestern University faculty Category:American women biologists |
Prominent inferior labial artery is characterized by the appearance of a pulsating papule in the lower vermilion, a centimeter of two from the oral comissure, formed by an especially tortuous segment of the inferior labial artery. See also Skin lesion References Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths |
Saved by the Bell is an upcoming American web television sitcom created by Tracey Wigfield. It is a direct sequel to the television series Saved by the Bell and Saved by the Bell: The College Years, following some of the same characters. Plot The series will center around a new group of Bayside High students from "overprivileged" and working-class families, among the latter of which were transferred to the school as part of a plan by now-California Governor Zack Morris—whose administration experiences controversy for closing too many low-income high schools—to send lower-income students to the highest-performing schools in the state. |
Cast Main Elizabeth Berkley as Jessie Spano, Jamie's mother. Mario Lopez as A.C. Slater, a gym teacher at Bayside High. John Michael Higgins as Principal Toddman, who took over Mr. Belding's role as the head of Bayside High Haskiri Velazquez as Daisy, a smart, ambitious sophomore who is excited at the prospect of attending Bayside High after her local school gets shut down. Mitchell Hoog as Mac Morris, the handsome, charming, privileged son of Governor Zack Morris and Kelly Kapowski . Josie Totah as Lexi, a beautiful, sharp-tongued cheerleader and the most popular girl at Bayside High who is both admired and feared by her fellow students. |
Alycia Pascual-Pena as Aisha, Daisy’s fun-loving but ultracompetitive best friend who causes a stir when she tries to play football at Bayside. Belmont Cameli as Jamie Spano, captain of the Bayside football team and Jessie’s sensitive man-child son. Dexter Darden as Devante. Recurring Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Zachary "Zack" Morris, a former Bayside High student who is now Governor of California. He is also Mac's father. Tiffani Thiessen as Kelly Kapowski, Mac's mother. Ed Alonzo as Max, the owner of The Max. Production On September 17, 2019, it was announced that a single-camera revival of the series was in development for NBC's planned streaming service, Peacock, with Tracey Wigfield serving as showrunner. |
Casting Elizabeth Berkley and Mario Lopez were initially announced as the only cast members of the original series to be reprising their roles and it was reported that they would also serve as producers on the show. Mark-Paul Gosselaar confirmed at the time that neither his former co-star Tiffani Thiessen nor him had been officially approached. On December 17, 2019, it was reported that John Michael Higgins had signed on to play Mr. Toddman, Bayside High's newest principal. On January 6, 2020, The Hollywood Reporter reported that 18-year-old actress Josie Totah had joined the cast of the comedy as Lexi and that she would also be credited as a producer on the show. |
On January 24, 2020 Deadline announced that Dexter Darden had joined the cast as well in an undisclosed role and on January 27, Haskiri Velazquez, Mitchell Hoog, Alycia Pascual-Pena and Belmont Cameli were announced. In January 2020, it was confirmed that Mark-Paul Gosselaar would also be returning but only for three episodes due to his commitment as a series regular on ABC’s Mixed-ish. It was reported that Gosselaar would also be serving as an executive producer. In March 2020, Gosselaar also confirmed that Tiffani Thiessen would be reprising her role in one episode. Production was halted due to Covid19 before Gosselaar and Thiessen were able to film their scenes. |
Release Marketing On April 15, 2020, Peacock released the first official trailer for the series. References Category:Upcoming comedy television series Category:American high school television series Category:Peacock (streaming service) original programming Category:American sequel television series Category:Saved by the Bell Category:Television series by Universal Television |
The Verve Pipe is an American rock band from West Michigan, United States. It was formed in 1992 in East Lansing by Brian Vander Ark, Brian Stout and Donny Brown. History In November 1992, Brian Vander Ark of the Band "Johnny with an Eye" signed a production deal with producer/engineer Thomas Jansen owner of Station C Studios Inc. After Jansen produced,recorded and mixed all "johnny with an eye" tracks, Jansen was looking for a little more from the band. During this same period of time Jansen was courting Don Brown's "Water for the pool" band to come over and record the rest of their album at Station C Studios. |
Frazer was then given the job of engineering the rest of their album project. In a conversation with Vander Ark Jansen advised Vander Ark to call Brown to join the band with one guitar member of "water for the Pool". Frazer then engineered brown's drums's,'vocal's and Stout's guitar's and vocals on "Johnny with and eye" songs" and Vander Arks's guitar and vocals on "water for the pool" songs. Frazer mixing the new band released their first album, I've Suffered a Head Injury. The original 10-song version of the CD is no longer available. A seven-song version, without the original recording of "The Freshmen", was later released as an EP. |
The band, known for its energetic live performances, built strong followings during its early years, especially in the college towns of Kalamazoo and East Lansing. In the fall of 1993, the band released a second album, Pop Smear, again working with Jansen for pre-production and basic tracks and Frazer with overdubs and mixing, which helped them gain a devoted following in their native state of Michigan and their eventual signing with RCA Records in 1995. A.J. Dunning replaced Stout on guitar for the recording of Pop Smear and remained in the band for their three RCA records. This album featured the popular tracks "Spoonful of Sugar" and "Victoria". |
Their first major label release was 1996's Villains, which was a minor hit and launched two respectably selling singles, first "Photograph", then the No. 5 Billboard Hot 100 hit "The Freshmen", which was their only pop hit. On June 28, 1997, the band performed at Edgefest in Barrie, Canada. While performing, someone in the crowd threw a beer bottle towards the stage and it hit Brian Vander Ark in the cheek. The band then left the stage to seek medical attention. The band came back with a new album, The Verve Pipe, in 1999. The album, however, failed to achieve the commercial appeal of its predecessor. |
The band's 2001 release Underneath contained the song "Colorful", which was featured on the soundtrack of the film Rock Star, and "Happiness Is", featured on the soundtrack of the film Joe Somebody. On September 15, 2009, Brian Vander Ark announced on his website that the band would be releasing a new album called A Family Album in October 2009. The band had been approached to contribute a song for a compilation album called Calling All Kids, which led to them creating an "entire album of family[-]friendly songs". It was also noted in the announcement that a new album of rock material would follow the family album. |
Immediately after the release of the family album, the band undertook a series of small-venue performances, mostly around Michigan and the East Coast. On March 28, 2014, the band announced on their Facebook page that their first studio album since 2001, titled Overboard, would be released on June 17, 2014, and would be followed with a tour. The first single from the album, titled "Crash Landing", was released on April 1, 2014. Discography Studio albums Pop Smear (December 1993) Villains (March 1996) No. 24 US (RIAA: Platinum) The Verve Pipe (July 1999) No. 158 US Underneath (September 2001) Overboard (June 17, 2014) Parachute (February 17, 2017) Family albums A Family Album (October 2009) Are We There Yet? |
(July 16, 2013) EPs I've Suffered a Head Injury (1992) A Homemade Holiday (December 18, 2007) Compilation albums Platinum & Gold Collection (March 2004) Super Hits (2007) Villains - Live & Acoustic (February 17, 2017) Singles See also List of alternative rock artists List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. alternative rock chart List of post-grunge bands List of RCA Records artists References External links Brian Vander Ark's official website The Verve Pipe collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive Category:1992 establishments in Michigan Category:Alternative rock groups from Michigan Category:American post-grunge musical groups Category:East Lansing, Michigan Category:Musical groups established in 1992 Category:RCA Records artists Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:Musical groups from Michigan Category:Musical groups from Grand Rapids, Michigan |
Muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in tennis. When an isolated large-energy appears during the muscle contraction and at the same time, bodyweight applies huge amounts of pressure to the lengthened muscle, which can result in the occurrence of muscle strain. Inflammation and bleeding are triggered when muscle strain occur which resulted in redness, pain and swelling. Overuse is also common in tennis players from all levels. Muscle, cartilage, nerves, bursae, ligaments and tendons may be damaged from overuse. The repetitive use of a particular muscle without time for repair and recover in the most common case among the injury. |
Types of injuries Lateral epicondylitis Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury that frequently occurs in tennis. It is also known as tennis elbow. This injury categorizes as a tendon injury where it occurs in the forearm muscle called the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). The injury is regularly developed in recreational players. Experienced players are less likely to develop lateral epicondylitis than the inexperienced players due to poorer technique. Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylalgia is a common injury that occurs in 40-50% of tennis players. |
It is more prominent at the lower levels of play and usually comes from any incorrect use of the wrist or grip on the forehand or one-handed backhand strokes Players at higher levels often have more relaxed grips and have a larger racquet extension out to the ball after they make contact, where professionals have less emphasis on the arm and more on the use of every part of the body in order exert the natural power behind the ball, lower level players don’t always receive the training on how to use their whole body for a tennis stroke and are often reduced to using their arms in order to exert all of the power, therefore putting heavy strain on the arm. |
Holding the grip tightly will put more tension on the arm therefore when going for a swing the muscles will be absorbing all of the shock from the initial contact of the ball. Symptoms of tennis elbow includes slow pain, which occurs around the elbow. Simple tasks such as shaking hands or moving the wrist with force, like lifting weights or doing push ups, will worsen the pain Tennis Elbow has actually shown that inflammatory tendons are only part of the early stages or acute stages with a treatment of anti-inflammatory or steroids being appropriate uses for this symptom. Most players respond well to simple rest, but other means of treatment include physical therapy, strength training, and electrical stimulation. |
Some players will make alterations to their racquet, such as increasing their grip size which will ultimately prevent any unwanted movement of the wrist when extending out and finishing the tennis stroke. Shoulder Shoulder injury is another common type of tennis injury. Shoulder injuries are caused by the repetitive use of shoulder when serving and striking the ball. The injury also relevance to rotator cuff pathology, toscapular dyskinesis or glenohumeral internal rotation deficit which leads to internal impingement and/or labral pathology. There is 24% of the high-level tennis players aged 12–19 suffered from shoulder pain and rise up to 50% for middle-aged players.. A way to prevent shoulder injury is to flex and stretch the wrist with an exercise band three to four times a week and to stretch properly before playing a game. |
Back It is common for tennis players, at all levels of play, to have experienced back injury throughout their career. In fact, more than 85% of the active athletes clarified that they have experienced back pain. According to 148 professional tennis player in one particular study, back pain forced 39% of players to withdraw from the tournament. Furthermore, 29% of the players said they experienced chronic back pain. Lower back pain is another common injury amongst tennis players with instances of postural abnormalities and general overuse which may occur during the back rotation and extension of the serve. In order to relieve pain in the lower back people are often told to rest it, but no longer than two days because of its potential damage to the bones, connecting tissue, and cardiovascular system. |
Once the back pain has dispersed stretching is recommended in order to prevent the stiffness from the initial pain, with examples being the squatting position or spinal extensions. In order to prevent future lower back injuries strength training to the abdominal muscles is necessary to strengthen the abdomen, and to protect the back from excessive intervertebral disk strain. The straight crunch, the Oblique crunch, and balance exercises with the gym ball are some of the workouts for abdominal strengthening, but the exercises should be done with caution to prevent any further back strain. After the injury is dealt with, players at any level may return to the court, the higher level players will often go through proper stretching before any matches to prevent hurting their back or any other part of their body. |
Blister Blister can be described as a patch that appears on the skin and is filled with a clear fluid and sometimes blood. During physical activities, the continuous force of friction, cutting, squeezing and scratching, which causes the separation of the epidermal cell layer, as a result the blister is formed. Blister (foot) occurs frequently among marathon runners, walk racers, backpackers and in hiking. In tennis, the blister development site often occurs on the hand or around the fingers because the skin is consistently rubbing against the tennis racquet. Blisters can also occur on the backside of the feet due to wearing the wrong sized shoe, worn out shoes, too thin of socks, or improper foot work. |
Leg Tennis leg is the most common tennis injury within older tennis players. Tennis leg is an incomplete tear or rupture of the calf muscle.The injury is noticed right away by hearing a popping sound, or a jabbed feeling in the leg. The injury is very painful; players are unable to finish their match if injury occurs.After injury occurs, players should rest, ice, compress, and elevate injury. In most cases, physical therapy is required. Physical therapy lasts from a four to six week period; includes running, stretching, and jumping drills to strengthen the muscle.After recovery, returning to play is slow; prevention includes proper stretching and warmup before play, rolling out muscles, and cross training, such as, Pilates, cycling, or running. |
Knee Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse injury of the patellar tendon. Its more common name is Jumper’s knee. Common injury in tennis players due to constant jarring, jumping, and quick changes of motion while in play. Common symptoms are pain below the knee cap, or an aching pain after playing. Recovery for Jumping knee includes strengthening the thigh muscle, stretching the front and back of the thigh, hamstrings, quadriceps, and coordination training. Another more permanent knee injury is chondromalacia. Unlike jumper’s knee, this injury is unreversible. Symptoms are pain in the front of the kneecap.This condition is due to the gradual breakdown of the cartilage in the knee. |
Stress Fractures Stress fractures are considered one of the most common injuries in athletes. In tennis, stress fractures are due to repetitive jarring and excessive submaximal loads on bones and muscles.The number one symptom of stress fractures is pain. Symptoms of stress fractures in the feet include tenderness and swelling. Stress fractures are common in hands,feet, shins, and the last five vertebrae of the back. Female tennis players are set at higher risk to stress fractures than males. Wrist and arm stress fractures can lead to greater issues such as tendonitis. References Category:Tennis Category:Sports injuries Category:Tennis culture |
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is the most common, chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately one per 1000 children. Juvenile, in this context, refers to disease onset before age 16 years, while idiopathic refers to a condition with no defined cause, and arthritis is inflammation within the joint. JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation. JIA is a subset of childhood arthritis, but unlike other, more transient forms of childhood arthritis, JIA persists for at least 6 weeks, and in some children is a lifelong condition. |
It differs significantly from forms of arthritis commonly seen in adults (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), in terms of cause, disease associations and prognosis. The prognosis for children with JIA has improved dramatically over recent decades, particularly with the introduction of biological therapies and a shift towards more aggressive treatment strategies. JIA treatment aims for normal physical and psychosocial functioning, which is an achievable goal for many children with this condition. Signs and symptoms Arthritis means inflammation within the joint, and is usually recognised by swelling, pain, stiffness and restricted joint movement. Symptoms of JIA vary from individual to individual. This is mainly because JIA is an umbrella term for several subtypes of JIA, which differ according to the number of affected joints, severity of disease and presence or absence of inflammation in other parts of the body. |
The key clinical feature in JIA is persistent swelling of the affected joint(s). Any joint can be affected, but large joints such as the knee and ankle are most commonly involved. Involvement of small joints of the hands and feet is more likely when many joints are affected ('polyarthritis'). Swollen joints may also feel warmer to touch. Swelling may be difficult to detect clinically, especially for joints such as those of the spine, sacroiliac joints, shoulder, hip, and jaw; imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI can be very useful to identify the inflammation. Joint pain is an important symptom, although some children experience minimal or no pain with their arthritis. |
In these children, the first sign of arthritis may be limping, especially in the morning. Young children are often very good at changing how they move when they have joint pain: they learn to move so that it doesn’t hurt. For example, a child will not push up using an inflamed wrist when climbing, instead putting their weight though the forearm. Morning stiffness that improves later in the day is a common feature (this implies inflammatory-type joint pain versus mechanical-type joint pain). Swelling and pain usually result in limited movement of the affected joint(s), for example a knee held bent causing a limp, or being unable to make a full fist. |
Limited movement may reduce a child’s ability to fully participate in activities and undertake usual tasks such as those used for self-care. In some JIA subtypes, more non-specific symptoms of being unwell may be present, such as lethargy, fatigue and poor appetite. Children with systemic JIA usually present with fever and a classic rash and may become quite ill. Late effects of arthritis can include joint contractures (stiff, bent joints with loss of movement) due to joint damage; limb length discrepancies and muscle wasting. Children with JIA vary in the degree to which they are affected by particular symptoms. Extra-articular Eye disease: JIA is associated with inflammation in the front of the eye (specifically iridocyclitis, a form of chronic anterior uveitis), which affects about one in six children with JIA. |
Eye involvement occurs most commonly in girls, those with only a few joints involved (oligoarthritis), and those with a positive ANA antibody. It usually follows the onset of arthritis or may be detected at the same time as arthritis; occasionally it may occur before joint involvement. The factors linking eye and joint disease are not clearly understood, and the two do not necessarily follow the same course. This complication is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms) and can occur when the joints are not active. It can be detected by an experienced optometrist or ophthalmologist using a slit lamp to look for inflammatory cells in the fluid inside the eye. |
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