text
stringlengths 198
630k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| metadata
dict |
|---|---|---|
New research could help explain why losing weight is so difficult — obesity may cause inflammation in the brain. And just a single high-fat meal could have the same effect.
NPR reports on a study in which researchers made rats obese by feeding them a high-fat diet. The rats developed inflammation in the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that helps control weight and hunger. What's more, the inflammation appeared after just a single day, before the rats actually gained any weight. To see if the effect appeared in humans, the researchers also did brain scans on 35 obese subjects, and found evidence consistent with inflammation in their hypothalami as well. The study authors write, "These findings collectively suggest that, in both humans and rodent models, obesity is associated with neuronal injury in a brain area crucial for body weight control."
It's probably not true that a single fatty meal will forever break your brain. Endocrinologist Rexford Ahima points out to NPR that the inflammation could actually be the brain's way of protecting itself from a fatty onslaught: "It may be a good thing," he says, that only turns bad if it's constant. Whatever the case, though, the recent study is more evidence that weight gain and loss are more complicated than calories in versus calories out. It's becoming increasingly clear that a number of physiological factors make it tough to lose weight — and these may include changes to the brain.
Image via Sebastian Kaulitzki/Shutterstock.com | <urn:uuid:665ae2ea-9aef-45ea-9ca0-8f20aea2e46b> | {
"date": "2014-11-23T11:13:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-49",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400379462.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123259-00044-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9574795961380005,
"score": 3.3125,
"token_count": 298,
"url": "http://jezebel.com/5871863/obesity-could-make-the-brain-big-too?tag=Weight-loss"
} |
What is childhood depression?
Depression may be present when your child has:
A sad or irritable
mood for most of the day. Your child may say they feel sad or angry or may look more tearful or cranky.
Not enjoying things that used to make your child happy.
A marked change in weight or eating, either up or down.
Sleeping too little at night or too much during the day.
No longer wanting to be with family or friends.
A lack of energy or feeling unable to do simple tasks.
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Trouble with focusing or making choices.
School grades may drop.
Not caring about what happens in the future.
Aches and pains when nothing is really wrong.
Frequent thoughts of death or
Any of these signs can occur in children who are not depressed, but when seen together, nearly every day, they are red flags for depression.
What should I do if I think my child is depressed?
Talk to your child about his feelings and the things happening at home and at school that may be bothering him.
Tell your child's doctor. Some medical problems can cause depression. Your child's doctor may recommend
psychotherapy(counseling to help people with emotions and behavior) or
medicine for depression.
Your child's doctor may now screen your child for depression every year from ages 11 through 21, with suicide now a leading cause of death among adolescents. Treat any thoughts of suicide as an emergency.
What can I do to help?
The basics for good mental health include a healthy diet, enough sleep, exercise, and positive connections with other people at home and at school.
Limit screen time and encourage
physical activity to help develop positive connections with others.
One-on-one time with parents, praise for
good behavior, and pointing out strengths build the parent-child bond.
Provide safety and security
Talk with your child about
bullying. Being the victim of bullying is a major cause of mental health problems in children.
grief or loss issues. Seek help if problems with grief do not get better. If you as a parent are grieving a loss, get help and find additional support for your child.
stress. Short-term changes in the amount of schoolwork, chores, or activities, may be needed.
(including those you buy without a prescription), and alcohol should be
Your child is not making the symptoms up.
What looks like laziness or crankiness can be symptoms of depression.
Talk about any
family history of depression to increase understanding.
Help your child learn thinking and coping skills
Help your child relax with physical and creative activities. Focus on the child's strengths.
Talk to and listen to your child with love and support. Help your child learn to describe their feelings.
Help your child look at problems in a different more positive way.
Break down problems or tasks into smaller steps so your child can be successful.
Make a safety plan
Follow your child's treatment plan. Make sure your child attends therapy and takes any medicine as directed.
Treatment works, but it may take a few weeks. The depressed child may not recognize changes in mood right away.
Develop a list of people to call when feelings get worse.
risk factors for suicide. These include talking about suicide in person or on the internet, giving away belongings, increased thoughts about death, and substance abuse.
Locate telephone numbers for your child's doctor and therapist, and the local mental health crisis response team.
The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline can reached at 1 800-273-8255 or online at
Additional Information from HealthyChildren.org: | <urn:uuid:30497007-79f9-443a-91fe-241b9dd541c5> | {
"date": "2018-01-23T13:55:04",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891976.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123131643-20180123151643-00656.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9272431135177612,
"score": 3.34375,
"token_count": 769,
"url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Childhood-Depression-What-Parents-Can-Do-To-Help.aspx"
} |
Comapny Prefers Long sheep Drive to Expensive Railway Shipping
The narrow-gauge Nevada, California and Oregon Railway offered to reduce its fees for shipping the sheep from Lakeview to Doyle, Calif., and from there on the Western Pacific Railroad to Oakland. Since it took three narrow-gauge carloads to fill a standard-width car, the cost was almost double the usual fare. The Western Meat Company agreed to the charges, but required 50 cars a day to move 800 sheep. The railroad had only 55 cars and only supplied 20 on the first day. The deal was canceled. The company instead drove the sheep 150 miles around Tule Lake to Montague, Calif., for shipment on the Southern Pacific Railroad that had offered undisclosed, reduced fees. The company opted for the lower shipping cost even though it risked sheep would lose weight on the long drive.
Source: "Drive Thousands of Sheep Many Miles to Market." Riddle Tribune 30 July 1914: 2. | <urn:uuid:f23762d4-2072-4386-b5ca-1290c4481450> | {
"date": "2015-10-08T22:04:55",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-40",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737904854.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221824-00116-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9676045775413513,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 198,
"url": "http://ijpr.org/post/comapny-prefers-long-sheep-drive-expensive-railway-shipping"
} |
The following are the 9 Sub-species of AQUALOONS listed by Habitat and Location.
Note: IN BOOK ONE, all the below species live in the Flooded Flowers, by book two, they are back in their original habitats!
Spitos (no picture available) are clam-like creatures that spit oil when scared. They live in the Aqualakes and connecting Lakes & Rivers.
Blowgels are similar to jellyfish only, they puff up and reveal spikes when upset or frightened. They live in the Aqualakes and in the connecting Lakes & Rivers.
Steels have human torsos with eel-like tails with flowing fins for arms and along the tail. They all have starfish on their heads (for a specific purpose) and hate socializing in general. Steels reside in the Aqualakes and connecting Lakes & Rivers.
Octaloons have human faces and torsos, wears seaweed clothing. Their waists have six tentacles that resemble a skirt and their arms are tentacles as well. Their two feet are webbed. They live in the Lakes & Rivers connected to the Aqualakes.
Hammerloons vary by gender. Males have a hammerhead, human torso and arms with gills and a shark-like tail with dorsal fins. Females resemble a shark with dorsal fins and has a household hammer on top of their heads. Unlike the males, they do not have any arms. Both gender have human-like torsos. They live in the mountains of the Aqualakes called Hammer Mount.
Needleloons are birdlike fish with long needle noses. They live in the Aqualakes and connecting Lakes and Rivers.
Snaps have human torsos but a red crab body with hand claws and a jellyfish head. They are very small in book one but grow enormous when back in their original habitat. Snaps live in the Aqualakes and connecting Lakes & Rivers. They bicker with each other a lot.
Gups are colorful fish with large eyes. They live in the Aqualakes and in the connecting Lakes & Rivers.
Seashorses are seahorses (giants) that live in the Aqualakes and connecting Lakes & Rivers. | <urn:uuid:dc00fe4f-1e79-4ee9-9ee5-c95e6307307f> | {
"date": "2018-09-23T14:43:23",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267159470.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180923134314-20180923154714-00016.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9348130822181702,
"score": 2.65625,
"token_count": 461,
"url": "https://gadaie.com/candy-loo-land/aqualakes/lakes-and-rivers/"
} |
Sunny days like today, while waiting for the ground to dry from all the recent rains, gives me opportunity to open the honey bee hives and check their progress. April and May are busy months for the honeybees on the farm. The queen bees are laying 2000-3000 eggs a day, worker bees are tending the larva and brood, field bees are gathering nectar and pollen for the hive. To successfully produce a honey crop, the boxes must be chock full of 40,000-60,000 bees. After coming out of the winter with 15,000 bees, the hive has a lot of young bees to raise in a short order. Nectar flow starts in mid April or first of May with the arrival of white clover. This year, with all the rain in April and cool temperatures, it is shaping up to be a great honey production season. The bees have a little extra time to build up their numbers and the main flow of nectar should hit mid May.
At Delvin Farms I manage between 15 and 20 beehives for both pollination and honey production. We get a little honey each year but the main objective is for pollination of our organic vegetables and maintaining a hive that will last through the winter. I’ve been keeping bees for 5 years and it does get easier as experience has taught me what works and does not work. Raising bees is not easy because of all the non native predators and diseases that have moved into the area in the last few decades like verroa mites and hive beetles. The mites and beetles will kill a weak hive and /or at least cause severe stress. I do choose not to treat my hives with the commercial chemicals however and instead try to raise bees with genetics that can live in our area. Each beehive has one queen which is hatched by the overwintered hives on the farm.
Because she comes from existing stock, she should be able to survive through our winters in Tennessee, live in our humid climates during the summer and combat the natural predators. Since we have added the bees to the farm, we have seen a huge increase in the number of bees in the vegetable fields. Cucumbers, squash, pumpkin, blueberries, blackberries, and apples rely on insect pollinators like bees to fruit and grow a crop. We provide the flowers for the bees to feed and the bees in turn provide honey for us to harvest and benefit the plant by assisting the production of the fruit. | <urn:uuid:4e9f084a-57f4-4be3-b19d-a7b1f1a8bfdb> | {
"date": "2018-07-20T16:21:46",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591718.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720154756-20180720174700-00042.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9511216878890991,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 507,
"url": "https://delvinfarms.com/2015/04/honey-bee-inspections/"
} |
Why? The plants that produce the electricity used in a hybrid must burn oil, coal, or use a nuclear reaction to provide it. CNG comes from the ground and is easier to drill for than oil, so does not impact the Earth as much during extraction. A CNG vehicle’s carbon footprints is the size of an ant’s next to a hybrid’s. The Civic Natural Gas vehicle is the cleanest-running internal combustion engine ever certified by the Environmental Protection Agency.
What about fuel economy you may ask. How about a Honda Civic that offers 38 mpg and 240 miles between fill ups? Not bad at all. Then there is the time it takes to refuel. Minutes for a CNG Civic. How many hours for your plug-in hybrid or EV? Hours, isn’t it?
Now the other shoe falls. There is a decided lack of infrastructure for the CNG Civic. Refueling stations are rare, even more rare than commercial recharge stations for electric vehicles. A CNG refueling point costs more to install than a traditional gas station, as well. The federal government is considering offering companies incentives and funds to develop CNG infrastructure. The end goal of some investors is to see CNG points next to traditional gas pumps, just like diesel is today.
The Honda Civic CNG was introduced in 1998. Honda has sold few vehicles to the general public, but has enjoyed limited success with municipal fleets. The car was awarded the 2012 Green Car of the Year Award. Hopefully, the added attention will hep to bring the vehicle more into the mainstream. | <urn:uuid:a18e86ab-84cf-4e0a-8629-ffe38b1fd72a> | {
"date": "2013-05-25T05:50:59",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9657270312309265,
"score": 2.78125,
"token_count": 325,
"url": "http://www.hondacivicblog.com/archives/is-the-natural-gas-honda-civic-the-only-true-green-car/"
} |
How can we help?
You can also find more resources in our
Select a category
Something is confusing
Something is broken
I have a suggestion
What is your email?
What is 1 + 3?
5th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 1 What is an ecosystem?
all the living and nonliving things in an area
group of organisms of one species that live in an area at the same time
all the populations in an area
nonliving parts of an ecosystem
air, water, soil, temperature and sunlight
large ecosystem with generally the same climate and organisms
all the biomes of the world together
organisms in a temperate rainforest community
maple and spruce trees, elk, squirrels, raccoons
role that an organism has in an ecosystem
place where an organism lives-includes soil, air, water & plants of the area
All the relationships among organisms keep the ecosystem __________. | <urn:uuid:22a81c5b-4244-4287-80a8-8fdac2267497> | {
"date": "2017-02-23T14:26:45",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171171.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00020-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8464398980140686,
"score": 3.28125,
"token_count": 194,
"url": "https://quizlet.com/1371479/5th-grade-chapter-5-lesson-1-what-is-an-ecosystem-flash-cards/"
} |
March 16, 2008 Year A
Reflections on the Readings
By Dennis Hankins
Theme: Let Him Be Crucified
And he (Pilate) said, "Why, what evil has he done?" But they shouted all the more, "Let him be crucified."
As Lent is reaching a climax we move quickly into the events of Holy Week. The Passion of our Lord is reflected upon today to allow us to see the end from the beginning of this holiest of weeks. Also, for those unable to participate in the Good Friday Liturgy, the whole meaning of Lent and this coming week is emphasized to give shape and order to our understanding of this final week, which reveals the mystery of our salvation.
The Gospel passage is read today allowing our participation with those who shouted all the more, "Let him be crucified." The old spiritual asks, "Were you there when they crucified my Lord." The answer is Yes! This is disturbingly uncomfortable. There are two reasons for this discomfort. One is that we want to believe we would have behaved differently. We want to believe that we would not have betrayed our Lord. We really think we would have owned up to knowing Jesus and not betrayed him as Peter did. Second, we are not comfortable taking up our cross and being crucified with him. But crucified with Christ is to truly live, because that is the way the life of Jesus increases in us.
Today's Gospel of the Passion of the Lord is presented as follows.
The Last Supper the First Time
Our Lord's celebration of the Passover culminates in his invoking it as a memorial of himself. This is the first time Jesus has spoken of this Passover meal in this way. "Take, eat, this is my body," he says. The cup also is no longer wine but is "my blood of the covenant," he says.
Some ask to this day what the Jews disputed long ago when they said, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat." And some of Jesus' disciples as well found this saying too difficult and no longer walked with him. But at that final Passover, when Jesus is alone with the 12, he gave them himself in the bread that he broke and the cup that he shared. And the Church has been celebrating the same presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist for 2,000 years.
Gethsemane, the Hour of Sorrow and Trouble
The weight of the hour and the sins of humanity were already beginning to press upon the Lord. Gethsemane is a Hebrew word meaning "oil press." This Mount of Olives is now a prelude of what would soon follow. And it is here where Jesus shows us the way to embrace and to love the will of our Father.
As we reflect upon our Lord's experience, it is not always possible to have the support of those nearest us. From our Lord we are to learn even for ourselves the agony of the prayer, "Not as I will, but as thou wilt." I say agony, because it is not an easy prayer. The flesh is weak. Much of what passes for spiritual existence today is only well pampered religious flesh. But Gethsemane is the place we must go to find and to know the fullness of the will of the Father.
When Politics and Religion Mix
A mock trial and false witnesses and then finally someone remembers halfway Jesus saying something about destroying the temple and rebuilding it in three days. And then the fatal question, "Are you the Christ, the Son of God?" It is this that lets us know that it is possible to stand right in front of Jesus and not know him. And Jesus, who cannot deny himself lest he truly blaspheme His Father, speaks of his place at the right hand of Power.
Only the Roman authorities could carry out capital punishment. Whereas the Sanhedrin could claim Jesus was a blasphemer worthy of death, they had to persuade Pilot that Jesus is also a political rival. So Pilate asks, "Are you the King of the Jews?"
Trumped up charges, religious and political intrigue all move the drama of redemption forward. So the Just one suffers for the unjust, and the Lamb who opened not his mouth is led like a sheep to the slaughter.
On A Hill Far Away a Life is Poured Out
At the institution of the Lord's Supper, Jesus spoke of the cup as the blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. The impact of his death on all that is seen and unseen cannot be overstated.
The veil in the Temple was torn in two from top to bottom. And the earth shook. The tombs also were opened. Some stood from afar while others like John the Beloved and Mary the Mother of Jesus remained close by. Our Lord's libation of himself came forth from his wounds and a centurion's spear released the blood and water from his side. And the centurion and those who were with him were filled with awe and he said, "Truly this was the Son of God."
It is the libation of his love on Golgotha that draws us into our Lord's heart. It is under that sacred Cross where we find a refuge for ourselves and for those we love. It is to the Cross we are drawing near to this Holy Week. There, looking upon Him who hangs from that sacred tree do we seek for ourselves some measure of his sacred heart.
Let us pray: Dear Jesus, help me to never neglect or ever be inattentive to the wonders of your love poured out on Mount Calvary. May I embrace the power of your Cross and never be ashamed of the message of the Cross. May I ever cling to the old rugged Cross. Amen. | <urn:uuid:6225d758-5e53-4ee0-ae9a-2742f2ac6dfd> | {
"date": "2017-12-17T04:12:22",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948592972.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20171217035328-20171217061328-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9779475927352905,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 1196,
"url": "http://www.dennishankins.com/2008/03/let-him-be-crucified.html"
} |
Today is Friday, Nov. 16, the 321st day of 2012. There are 45 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Nov. 16, 1946, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was founded at the conclusion of a conference in London.
On this date:
In 1776, British troops captured Fort Washington in New York during the American Revolution.
In 1885, Canadian rebel leader Louis Riel was executed for high treason.
In 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state of the union.
In 1917, Georges Clemenceau again became prime minister of France.
In 1933, the United States and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations.
In 1959, the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical "The Sound of Music" opened on Broadway.
In 1960, Academy Award-winning actor Clark Gable died in Los Angeles at age 59.
In 1961, House Speaker Samuel T. Rayburn, 79, died at his home in Bonham, Texas, having served as speaker since 1940 except for two terms as minority leader of the Democrats.
In 1966, Dr. Samuel H. Sheppard was acquitted in his second trial of murdering his pregnant wife, Marilyn, in 1954.
In 1973, Skylab 4, carrying a crew of three astronauts, was launched from Cape Canaveral on an 84-day mission.
In 1982, an agreement was announced in the 57th day of a strike by National Football League players.
In 1997, China's most prominent pro-democracy campaigner, Wei Jingsheng (way jeeng-shuhng), arrived in the United States after being released following nearly 18 years of imprisonment in his country.
Ten years ago: In an open letter to the Iraqi Parliament, President Saddam Hussein said he had no choice but to accept a tough, new U.N. weapons inspection resolution because the United States and Israel had shown their "claws and teeth" and declared unilateral war on the Iraqi people.
Five years ago: Senate Republicans blocked a $50 billion bill by Democrats that would have paid for several months of combat but also would have ordered troop withdrawals from Iraq to begin within 30 days. Marchers surrounded the Justice Department headquarters to demand federal intervention in the Jena Six case in Louisiana and stepped-up enforcement of hate crimes. Poland's new prime minister, Donald Tusk, formally took office along with a team of former anti-communist dissidents.
One year ago: President Barack Obama, visiting Canberra, said he would send military aircraft and up to 2,500 Marines to northern Australia for a training hub to help allies and protect American interests across Asia.
Today's Birthdays: Actor Clu Gulager is 84. Journalist Elizabeth Drew is 77. Blues musician W.C. Clark is 73. Actress Joanna Pettet is 70. Actor Steve Railsback is 67. Actor David Leisure is 62. Actor Miguel Sandoval is 61. Actress Marg Helgenberger is 54. Rock musician Mani is 50. Country singer-musician Keith Burns (Trick Pony) is 49. Tennis player Zina Garrison is 49. Former MLB All-Star pitcher Dwight Gooden is 48. Jazz singer Diana Krall is 48. Actor Harry Lennix is 48. Rock musician Dave Kushner (Velvet Revolver) is 46. Actress Lisa Bonet (boh-NAY') is 45. Actress Tammy Lauren is 44. Rhythm-and-blues singer Bryan Abrams (Color Me Badd) is 43. Actress Martha Plimpton is 42. Actor Michael Irby is 40. Actress Missi Pyle is 40. Olympic gold medal figure skater Oksana Baiul (ahk-SAH'-nah by-OOL') is 35. Actress Maggie Gyllenhaal (JIHL'-ehn-hahl) is 35. Pop singer Trevor Penick is 33. NBA player Amare Stoudemire is 30. Actress Kimberly J. Brown is 28. Rock singer Siva Kaneswaran (The Wanted) is 24. Actor Noah Gray-Cabey ("Heroes") is 17.
Thought for Today: "History is a combination of reality and lies. The reality of History becomes a lie. The unreality of the fable becomes the truth." — Jean Cocteau (zhan kawk-toh'), French author, director, poet (1889-1963).
(Above Advance for Use Friday, Nov. 16)
Copyright 2012, The Associated Press. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:a1176aa8-1c31-4c1e-877c-4d01cd81bb20> | {
"date": "2018-05-22T16:58:22",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864798.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522151159-20180522171159-00136.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9509130120277405,
"score": 2.59375,
"token_count": 934,
"url": "http://www.sify.com/news/following-advance-for-use-friday-nov-16-news-others-mlfuanecbgc.html"
} |
Will Canada be the greatest country to live in 2035?
By Joanne Tuan
Unit 1: Changing Populations
Canada's current population is stable, and high but balanced at an astounding 35.16 million in 2013. We are currently at stage 4 level on the Demographic Transition Model. Also shown on the model, is our low birth rate and stable but low death rate. With our birth rate at 1.68 children per female, most of Canada's population growth is due to immigration. Canada's natural increase rate is declining rapidly.
Canada's Immigration Trends
When immigrating to Canada, everyone needs 67 points in order to earn Canadian status. But these day they now start to mark the point harder than they did in back when they first started. There are 3 types of immigrants who come to Canada, economic, family and refugees. On average 250,000 people who are mostly from Asia. That is why today most of our immigrants come from China, India and the Philippines. They settle here in Ontario because it is in the middle of Canada. It is a magnet to manufacturing. finance, tourism and other industries.
The FNMI is split into 3 categories: First Nations, Metis and Inuit. In 2011 4.3% Aboriginals represents the total population. Between the time periods of 2006-2011, the Aboriginal population increased by 20.1% compared to 5.2% of the non-aboriginal population. The provinces that has the largest numbers of Aboriginal People live in Ontario and western provinces. There are 32% of Metis people located in Canada while Inuit has 4% and First Nations with 61%.
1) First Nations:
- 60.8% of First Nation people represent the total Aboriginal population and 2.6% of total Canadian population
- 1.9% of Canada's population are registered Indians using 2011 statistics
- 301.4% of the First Nations are located in Ontario
- 451,795 people are identified as Metis people
- They represent 32.3% of the total aboriginal population and 1.4% of the total Canadian population.
- 8.0% of the Metis population is located in the Northwest Territories
- 6.7% are located in Manitoba
- 5.2% are located in Saskatchewan
- Winnipeg has the highest population of Metis
- Based on 2011 stats. 59,445 are identified as Inuit.
- 4.2% of the total aboriginal population & 0.2% of the total Canadian population
- Almost 3 quarters of the Inuit population lives in Labrador to the Northwest Territories
- They had the largest population growth with and increase of 22.9%.
I think the Canada's population will change transition into stage 5 in 2035 rather than our regular stage 4 today on the Demographic Transition Model. The population will double in size and population. People who are now classified in the dependency load, the government now has to pay them money for their necessities and probably making the cost of living higher since almost half of 2014 population is now elderly. Baby boomers in 1946-1965 will reach retirement age over the next 2 decades. Canada death rate could possibly increase because of how many elderly people we will have in 2035.
Who will be immigrating to Canada?
In my opinion more people from different ethnic regions from different places around the world. I believe that in 20 years Canada will be one of the top places to immigrating to. Since we'll have a lot of people will be retired there will be more open jobs for people to come. Also, I think that in the future there might be more births because more people who immigrate here today bring in kids or have kids here and we have a good health care system. Canada's immigration shape Canadian society will change because of education purposes.
What changing will have taken place in out FNMI population?
In 2035, the FNMI population could possibly increase because of the beliefs that first nation woman to decide not to have big families. There will be more elderly which means the the birth rate is high now but can be lower death rate without the Indian Act. More will be located in Ontario because the it is the center of Canada.
Unit 2: Interactions in the Physical Environment
Canada's Current Climate
Here are some precipitation amounts of the different regions:
- Coastal British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec: 25 mm
- British Columbia interior, Yukon forecast region: 10mm
- Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut: 5mm
- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador: 2mm
Canada's climate factors
Canada has 6 different climate factors, Latitude, Ocean Currents, Wind and Air Masses, Elevation, relief and Nearness to water or simply L.O.W.E.R.N. Instead of doing all of Canada's provinces one by one, I will be explaining to you the the climate factors for Ontario and British Columbia.
In Ontario, our climate factors would be latitude, ocean currents and nearest to water. The latitude is a factor because it has a distance away from the equator which means that the farther from the equator it is colder. One of the reasons why our winters are so cold. Ocean currents and nearest to water can also be a factor because Mississauga is close to a few lakes which sates why we have such a mild climate. Also Mississauga is getting ocean currents from New found land and Labrador and the golf stream which is fog and a cool climate.
- British Columbia
In British Columbia our climate factors are latitude, ocean currents, relief and nearest to water. The latitude in B.C. is 54.0000° N, 125.0000° W which is far away from the equator at 0° which means that the farther away it is from the equator, the more it is colder. Ocean currents and nearness to water apply to B.C. because it is beside the Pacific Ocean. Next is relief which is when the air rises at the slope of the mountain and in B.C. there are plenty of mountains like the Interior Plateau, Columbia Mountains and Southern Rockies, Northern and Central Plateaus and mountains and the Great Plains. Higher elevations in the Coast Mountains get heavy snowfall in the winter.
Here in Canada our landform regions include, the Canadian Shield, western Cordillera, Appalachians, Interior Plains, Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands and the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Lowlands. Each process similar geological structure. I will explain 2 of the landforms which are the Canadian Shield and the St. Lawrence Lowlands. In the Canadian Shield, it takes place in many locations across Canada like Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Their climate factors include, latitude, ocean currents, wind and air masses and near water. Then for the St. Lawrence Lowlands, the main locations are Southern Ontario and Quebec. Along with their climate factors which include near water, latitude, wind and air masses, and elevation.
Our biggest vegetation zone in Canada is Boreal & Taiga Forest.
Factors Influencing Landscape
In the St. Lawrence Lowlands,our landform was influenced by glaciation. Continental Glaciers carried huge amounts of materials from the Canadian Shield and dumped throughout the region. The Great Lakes are located in basins that were drilled out by glaciers. Then the lakes shrunk to present size, when the glaciers melt, water had drained into the ocean. Some examples of glacial features include eskers, moraines, kettle lakes and drumlins
Climate change influence our climate by the temperature. This also influences soil consumption and the soil profile. This will highly affect soil conditions because of less moisture which equals to less agricultural goods. Climate change effects our country by global warming, our green house gas emissions, heatwaves, disease, glaciers melting, sea level rising, too much Co2 in the water and air. All of these decreasing population because people are dying.
Unit 3: Managing Canada's Resources & Industries
Canada's Current Resources
1) Natural resources:
- iron ore
- copper ore
2) Renewable resources:
- fish stocks are being harvest faster than they can produce
- wind energy
3) Non-renewable resources:
In Alberta, they produce the oil sands. You get forestry from British Columbia. Potash comes mainly from Saskatchewan. In Ontario, mining is one of the resource. Hydropower is produced in Quebec and Newfoundland 's resouce is off source energy.
Sustainable use of resources
Currently we are running out of fish due to over fishing. The fish is being harvested faster than they can reproduce. Our use of energy is sky rocketing especially for Canada's industrial work. We use 37% of energy. Although, oil is a renewable resource,we still need to use it efficiently because it will take million years to be replenish. Even if we do have the XL pipeline and the oil sands, we need to be careful because oil is also energy and its in cars or transportation that gets you to work or schools everyday. We need to start using the Sustainable Yield Management which is knowing how much of a resource can be harvested without running out of the source. Also using the Sustainable Resource Development. Using this process we ensure of there is enough resources for future generations.
Canada's global connections
United States is our top trade partner at 74.5% and we have North American Free Trade Agreement or N.A.F.T.A. with them and Mexico.Then in second place is China at 4.3%. Canada trades with Brazil the least at 0.6%. Canada is involve in multinational corporations which is good because we have large companies that operate across the entire world as well as new ideas. The World Trade Organization (W.T.O. ) is where Canada’s economic well-being depends on access to global markets for natural resources, products, services, manufactured and agricultural goods, Canada top export is minerals fuels & oil at 25.5%. Then it is vehicles & parts at 13.4%. The least amount of resources we export are wood (wood products), ores, metals, and aluminum at 1.9%. Canada also is part of globalization which is when we exchange goods, services, and culture between multiple nations. Like the 5 steps of globalization: Extraction, production,distribution,consumption, and disposal.
Canada will be connected to the world in 2035. They will still trade with United States, Mexico and China. We probably trade with United States more since it will cost more money to ship resources farther away. Also, when we import and export, there is tariffs with our International partners. Whereas, we have the NAFTA agreement with the United States and Mexico.
What will be our most valuable resources?
The most valuable resources for Canada is oil, and water because they are the 2 most important necessity we need for a healthy way of live. Canada has a lot of room for water exports. In time, those exports might be more valuable than the 170 billion barrels of oil that are trapped in the country's oil sands. One study calculated that the province of Quebec, home to roughly one third of Canada's renewable sources of fresh water, could produce $6.5 billion annual tariff by selling as little as 10 per cent of its one trillion cubic meters of fresh water every year.
How can we use our resources sustainably?
When we talk about how we will use our resources sustainably in 2035, I believe that we should still consider using sustainable yield management. Many people take advantage of renewable resources because they think since the are renewable they won't run out. But they can. We should always look ahead of time before we take resources out so they have time to reproduce. Like oil for example, even though it is an renewable resource, it will take millions of years for it to replenish. When we focus on non renewable resources, we should be even more careful and concerened when we are running low on resources. Overall we could be in a ton of trouble if we even lose just one of the resources. We need to stay smart and keep track on our daily consumption.
Unit 4: Liveable Communities
What issues are Canadian cities facing today?
Why is urban sprawl an issue for Canadian cities?
Urban sprawl is an issue for Canadian cites because it causes air pollution. In 2010, there was 7469 deaths in Canada related to air pollution. The four issues of urban sprawl are transportation cost, farm land use, health costs and infrastructure needs. Other issues, it causes are more carbon emissions, stressful for drivers and nature. People who live in sprawling suburbs spend less time walking which may lead to obesity.
How Urban Sprawl would typically look like
Ontario will deal with the issue of urban sprawl by developing The Greenbelt. The Greenbelt is important to agriculture , recreational purposes and the environment.
It is important to agriculture because you could grow your fruits and vegetable in your backyard. There are 5,500 farm in The Greenbelt which created $5.4 billion in the economic and $2.65 billion in GDP. Money and jobs would created and it provided large amount of food to people in the east coast. It was easier and cheaper to transport the food. For recreational purposes, this year The Greenbelt should be ready to use for bicycle touring, which is worth $300 million a year in Ontario and attract many tourists. When we look at urban sprawl in ecology wise, The Greenbelt creates a protection for a natural system bug enough to contain biodiversity, and also helps return endangered species.
How will cities becoming sustainable in the future?
Some cities have already started trying to become more sustainable in the future like in Montreal, Southern Ontario-Toronto and Windsor, and Alberta. In Montreal, many places are producing their own food in their own nation or urban agriculture. It is important for a city like Montreal to produce their own food because we don't have to worry about shipping/storing cost and the foods are always fresh. This can strengthen a community by everyone coming together harvesting foods and work all as one. In Southern Ontario, we are using "brown land" which takes an industrial space to transform land into a new parkspace. Meanwhile in Edmonton, Alberta they have managed to reduce 90% of their waste into something else. Like building houses out of recycled wood taken out of building that have been teared down. Some benefits of this action includes:
- saving money by using what people throw out
- turning methane to energy
- creates jobs
- reduce emissions in atmosphere
After doing this project and learning more about Canada's geography and looking at the current trends of our changing population, interactions in our physical environment, managing Canada's resources & industries and finally liveable communities and making my own predictions. From the information I have gathered I have decided that Canada will be
the greatest country to live in 2035. Overall from my findings Canada will most likely to be more developed as a country. | <urn:uuid:df1a59f6-a171-4e95-8a1d-8f292e76df0b> | {
"date": "2018-08-17T02:39:52",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211403.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817010303-20180817030303-00056.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.950211226940155,
"score": 3.046875,
"token_count": 3097,
"url": "https://www.smore.com/s8cez"
} |
Working at night is associated with a greater risk of breast cancer in women
Women who work at night, especially during pre-menopause, may be at greater risk of developing breast cancer.
This is the finding of a new analysis of surveys of 13,000 women from five countries conducted by a team of researchers that includes Anne Grundy, a research associate at Université de Montréal's Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, part of the School of Public Health.
The surveys in Australia, Canada, France, Germany and Spain looked at nearly 6,100 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and approximately 7,000 who had no diagnosis. Participants answered self-administered questionnaires or telephone interviews about their occupation and about risk factors for breast cancer.
The average age of the women varied between 55 and 59, depending on the country, and the proportion working nights also varied widely, from 6 per cent in Germany to 17 per cent in Australia. In Canada, the proportion was 16.7 per cent.
12- to 80-per-cent higher risk
Published in the April issue of the European Journal of Epidemiology, the study found that the risk of developing ER-positive breast cancer (that is, of tumours associated with estrogen receptors) and/or HER2 breast cancer increases with the number of hours worked per night, as well as the number of years spent on the night shift.
However, the risk seems to diminish two years after going off the night shift.
"Women who work at least three hours between midnight and 5 a.m. run a 12 per cent greater risk of developing breast cancer than women who have never worked at night," said Grundy. "Among pre-menopausal women, the risk associated with working at night increases to 26 per cent."
Night workers who work shifts longer than 10 hours have a 36-per-cent increased risk of breast cancer, again compared to women who have never worked nights.
The risk is as high as 80 per cent among women who work night shifts in excess of 10 hours for more than three nights per week.
"Women who were still working nights at the time of the study had a breast cancer risk that was 26-per-cent higher than those who had stopped working at night at least two years previously," said Grundy.
Risk associated with a melatonin deficiency?
The analysis of the five surveys did not specifically consider respondents' job type (night or otherwise), although the Canadian survey, done in 2013, did compare women working in healthcare and other sectors.
"The risk associated with breast cancer and night work varied little among respondents, regardless of job type," said Grundy. "Although we are not fully certain, we believe that this risk could be related to the hypothesis that night work disrupts circadian rhythm and inhibits the secretion of melatonin, which may protect against cancer."
Grundy now hopes to explore the effect of shift work on women's risk of breast cancer. "We need to go further in our research so that labour policies ultimately take into account this risk for women, and so that companies take preventive action and adjust work schedules." | <urn:uuid:86cddbb2-5cd3-41a1-98a8-653b8012c3ef> | {
"date": "2019-08-22T05:16:36",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316783.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822042502-20190822064502-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9734525680541992,
"score": 2.6875,
"token_count": 648,
"url": "https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-09-night-greater-breast-cancer-women.html"
} |
Mancos is the gateway to Mesa Verde National Park. The town was founded in 1894 near the site where the Spanish Dominguez-Escalante Expedition of 1776 first crossed the Mancos River. Cattle ranchers had been settling in the Mancos Valley since the 1870's. The school building that houses Mancos High School is the oldest school building in Colorado that is still in use as a school.
The Mancos Valley has been settled since about 900 CE, although the population dropped off drastically after about 1250 CE. Later on, the Navajos and Utes contested ownership of the land for many years. In 1868, Mancos was made part of the original Ute Reservation, but the San Juan Cession (when the federal government reneged on their agreement with the Utes and reduced the size of the reservation) put Mancos outside the Ute boundaries. At that point, cattle ranchers settled in and used all that lush grass in the valley to fatten their cattle and get rich themselves.
At the time it was founded, Mancos and Dolores were the principal towns in the region, Cortez being just a bend in the wagon trail. Mancos was first platted and built as a train stop along the line of the Rio Grande & Southern Railroad, being built by Otto Mears of Saguache and Lake City fame. Eventually, the railroad connected Durango through Mancos and Dolores with the Telluride mining districts to the north. The ranchers in Mancos Valley shipped timber, beef and other farm products to those mining camps. Abandonment of the railroad in the 1950's allowed for the construction of US 160 along the railroad right-of-way just to the north of Mancos' business district.
There's still a lot of farming and ranching going on here but a lot of business also comes from tourism these days. Being at the base of Mesa Verde brings a lot of traffic into town. The growth of Durango to the east has also spread to Mancos and fueled the growth of a small local art colony. Quite a few of the old cattle ranches have been subdivided into 35-to-40-acre rural residential "hobby farms" such as you'll find all over Colorado these days.
Every year, the town of Mancos is host to the "Mancos Days" on the last weekend in July, a Labor Day Weekend motorcycle rally and a September balloon festival.
One of the churches in Mancos
Mancos Town Hall
The old Bauer Bank, 1905
Multi-purpose Bed & Breakfast
The old Mancos Schoolhouse | <urn:uuid:9c2491a2-fdd0-436e-bf78-b956da56e552> | {
"date": "2017-01-16T21:53:27",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-04",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00166-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.97171550989151,
"score": 2.75,
"token_count": 556,
"url": "http://www.sangres.com/colorado/montezuma/mancos.htm"
} |
An iconographic analysis conducted regarding different Maya murals created in Prehispanic times, between 600 and 1000 of the Common Era, have allowed the hypothetical reconstruction of the way the milita was integrated in this culture; scenes studied refer to aspects like the command and armaments systems, as well as communications and tactics used at the height of this ancient civilization.
Until now, Bonampak frescoes, in Chiapas, and San Bartolo, in El Peten, Guatemala, were the most researched expressions to understand siege and defense tactics of Maya cities. Nevertheless, in 4 archaeological zones of northern Yucatan Peninsula there are mural paintings that bring in new information on the matter.
Eduardo Tejeda Monroy, archaeologist of the National Institute of Anthropology and History
(INAH), presented a descriptive study of the images that integrate murals at Chichen Itza, Chacmultun and Mulchic, in Yucatan and Ichmac, in Campeche, during his recent participation in the 6th Permanent Conferences of Archaeology in 2010 at the Templo Mayor Museum.
Besides the deterioration of these vestiges, it was possible to establish that Mayas from different cities used similar weapons, such as the axe employed to give lethal strikes; the curved stick that functioned as a club, and the dart-thrower used to attack enemies from distances up to 100 meters.
The INAH researcher detailed that the paintings found on the Chac Mool Temple pilasters, on the northwest colonnade of the Thousand Columns Group and the relief at the Inferior Temple of the Jaguars, both in Chichen Itza, military confrontation scenes can be appreciated where these combat artifacts are being used.
For their defense, Mayas from this zone used mainly a cotton breastplate hardened with salt and wood shields, as appreciated in frescoes found at the Temple of the Tables in Chichen Itza, mentioned Tejeda Monroy.
Configuration of the armies
Two different infantry bodies integrated the army: the short and long range combat groups, depending on the kind of weapons used, explained the specialist.
He added that the militia was organized and lead by several war chiefs, among them, the ruler, who distinguished himself by carrying elements that conferred him authority, such as great feather headdresses, ear and nose ornaments as well as pectorals.
The mural at the Temple of the Jaguars in Chichen Itza, is an example: it depicts the lord wearing a crown with 3 great white feathers, the same headdress is represented in the ornaments at the great ballgame court, symbolizing its sacred character.
We still do not know if Maya troops worked full time or were gathered in times of war, neither how armies were supplied.
According to images found in The Nuns Complex in Chichen Itza and Structure 3 at Chacmultun, both in Yucatan, and the Paintings Building in Ichman, Campeche, Maya armies used sound communication systems such as bugles, trumpets and drums, mentioned Tejeda.
These paintings show how soldiers painted their faces and torsos to distinguish them from their adversaries.
By the scenes represented at the murals at these 4 sites, it is inferred that Mayas managed the main combat formations: the line and the column, being the first the basic marching formation and the second, the initial battle position.
We can determine that armies did not fight completely face to face, as Romans did, they looked to attack from different flanks to corner the enemy and leave it without the possibility of counterattacking, concluded Tejeda Monroy. | <urn:uuid:4aad4032-1640-46bb-a36a-02532bd87202> | {
"date": "2013-05-20T11:53:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.949345052242279,
"score": 3.171875,
"token_count": 752,
"url": "http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=41782&int_modo=2"
} |
< Browse to Previous Essay | Browse to Next Essay >
Tacoma Public Utilities
HistoryLink.org Essay 5025
: Printer-Friendly Format
Tacoma’s electrical and water utilities, its industrial railroad, and its telecommunications system all grew out of a need to serve the community coupled with frustration at the ability of private companies to provide services. After more than 100 years of operation, Tacoma Public Utilities operates a wide network of dams, reservoirs, pumping and power stations, and a small but vital railroad.
In 1884, Philadelphia capitalist and railroad man Charles B. Wright (1822-1898) organized the Tacoma Light and Water Co. with a franchise from the City Council. The company drew drinking water from several creeks and distributed it through pipes made from hollowed-out logs. He used the flow to power a small dynamo that first lighted Tacoma streets in late 1885. With the monopoly of the franchise, he could charge what the market would bear and customer service was an afterthought.
By 1890, Tacomans were unhappy with the quality, reliability, and cost of the water supply. Wright, who controlled Tacoma Light and Water from Philadelphia, became impatient with both the criticism and the slow rate of return on his investment. He suggested that the City buy the company. The parties struck a deal of $1.75 million for the water and electrical properties. Voters approved the deal on April 11, 1893, and on July 1, Tacoma was in the utility business.
Tacoma soon learned that the deal was somewhat one sided. Some of the creeks were not owned by Tacoma Light and Water at all and the wells produced less water than advertised. But the city pressed ahead to secure additional water and power sources.
The city engineer looked at the newly acquired water system and estimated that it lost 1.5 million gallons a day. An equivalent amount was lost when a dam on Galliher’s Gulch failed. Consumers complained of dirty, bad smelling, bad tasting water and the City struggled to find a dependable and safe source of drinking water. The choice boiled down to digging more wells -- not always successfully -- or tapping the Green River and letting gravity move water to Tacoma. The gravity option was much more expensive and in September 1907, voters rejected that plan.
The city was left with polluted surface water sources, including Galliher’s Creek where farms, cesspools, and privy vaults contaminated the stream. The Hood Street Reservoir was little better. In the meantime, the Water Department (now known as Tacoma Water) dug wells to tap groundwater.
In 1909, Tacomans finally approved the Green River plan and also a reorganization of city government that eliminated the 16-member City Council from the management of the agencies. Water and electricity would be under the control of an elected Commissioner of Public Utilities. Commissioner Nicholas Lawson completed work on the 43-mile Green River line in 1913, overcoming significant legal, engineering, and financial hurdles. Although water quality continued to be a nagging problem, typhoid deaths -- attributed to contaminated water -- dropped to a sixth of the old rate.
There were no meters and customers paid a flat rate for water. The average Tacoma resident used four times as much water as did residents of New York, Chicago, or Philadelphia. With this extravagance, Tacoma Water struggled to meet the demands of new industries that wanted to build in Tacoma. Pulp plants in particular needed vast quantities of water. A plan to develop Lake Kapowsin as a source in the late 1920s came to nothing, and Tacoma had to keep drilling wells to meet demand. In the meantime, the original wood-stave pipeline from the Green River began to fall apart.
Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal in the 1930s helped pull the water system out of the doldrums. With federal loans, Commissioner Ira Davisson completed replacement of the Green River pipeline and built other supply lines and system improvements. But the wooden distribution mains under city streets had never been upgraded. Failure of the pipes threatened drinking water safety and fire protection. Replacement of the old wooden mains began in 1945, funded by property owners in local improvement districts under Commissioner Clifton A. Erdahl.
In 1952, voters approved a change to city government in which a nine-member City Council appointed the city manager. The Public Utility Board appointed the Director of Public Utilities, who named the heads of City Light (now Tacoma Power), City Water (Tacoma Water), and the Belt Line Railway (Tacoma Rail). The new Public Utility Board boosted water rates by 30 percent and mandated universal metering. The rate hike generated almost no comment. The metering program was loudly protested, however, but the City Council backed the program in 1954. With meters, Tacoma’s water consumption dropped. To increase revenue, Tacoma started serving small cities and unincorporated areas and acquired a number of community systems.
If finding enough water in rivers and wells and building and maintaining the system were not big enough problems for Tacoma, protecting the safety of the water was a serious challenge. The U.S. Department of Agriculture was supposed to protect the watershed that fed the Green River, but logging operations and human habitation introduced contaminants into water that flowing to Tacoma. In 1951, Tacoma Water began gradually buying up land to protect it. Plans for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Howard Hanson flood control dam upstream from Tacoma Water’s headworks forced construction of two large storage reservoirs in the city. The reservoirs allowed turbidity caused by dam construction and operation to settle out.
To properly protect the Green River as a water source, Tacoma Water needed to exclude all access to a one-half mile buffer around the river. Property owners, anglers, King County, and U.S. Government agencies battled Tacoma Water’s efforts to buy, condemn, and swap land. At one point in 1962, a King County commissioner blew the locks off a gate to the watershed and dragged the gate away. Tacoma Water responded with another gate and guards. In 1968, after court battles and many confrontations -- physical, legal, and political -- Tacoma Water owned 10,000 acres of land and declared its watershed protection program a success.
The construction of a second pipeline from the Green River proved even more difficult. The original project, called Pipeline No. 5, began in 1967 and would have tapped an aquifer in North Fork Valley. The project would insure water supplies to Tacoma and the growing communities of Pierce and south King Counties. After more than 30 years, the pipeline and related water quality and environmental enhancements are scheduled for completion in 2004.
The well system that Tacoma Water used as a safe alternative to surface water was not immune from contamination. In 1981, traces of industrial pollutants from an oil company were discovered in two wells in South Tacoma. The U.S. Government funded a $1.2 million treatment plant that pumped the water and stripped out the contaminants.
In 1893, the electrical system was little more than wiring to distribute power purchased from competing power companies and trolley lines. The new electric utility rebuilt its steam boilers and by 1894 it was twice as profitable as the water system. The City cut electricity rates and set a nationwide reputation for economical power that would last a century.
Buying power from private companies was unacceptable to the City Council and it looked to the Nisqually River for hydropower. A popular vote to approve the $2.3 million expenditure was assisted by the private supplier’s ill-timed raising of rates and cutting power to the city’s water pumps. The LaGrande Powerhouse came on line in 1912 and supplied all of Tacoma’s power needs -- for a time.
The business and housing boom of World War I demonstrated the need for more capacity and in 1919, Tacoma launched the Cushman Project on the Olympic Peninsula. Cushman electricity reached Tacoma in 1926. Almost immediately, Public Utilities Commissioner Ira Davisson (1860-1951) asked for a second Cushman Dam, which came on line in December 1930. Despite the Great Depression, Tacoma rightfully billed itself as the "Electric City" with cheap electric rates and widespread use of electric appliances.
In 1930, Tacoma Power became a monopoly when Puget Sound Power & Light’s franchise to sell electricity in Tacoma expired. This ended decades of economic and political rivalry between supporters of municipal ownership and private power interests.
Despite the hard time of the 1930s, Tacoma Power’s load continued to grow. Consumers were encouraged to buy appliances, which the utility repaired for free. The system was upgraded to improve efficiency and reliability. Unemployed customers could work off their light bills by digging trenches or painting buildings. Tacoma boasted the highest residential consumption in the nation.
By the time of World War II, Tacoma Power saw more shortages coming and laid plans to expand the Nisqually River Project with Alder Dam and a new dam at LaGrande, both completed in 1945. The tie lines with Seattle and with the Columbia River supplied the extra power that kept the lights on and industries humming during the war.
The post-war boom applied as well to electricity consumption and Tacoma Power looked to the Cowlitz River for more capacity. Opposition to the new dams from anglers and from the State Game Department delayed Mayfield Dam until 1963, and Mossyrock Dam until 1968. Despite increased generation and improved efficiencies, by the end of the 1950s, Tacoma Power produced only half of the power its customers used. The situation was relieved somewhat with the Cowlitz dams and a portion of a coal-fired power plant in Centralia purchased in 1970. But the energy crisis of 1973 forced Tacoma Power to raise rates and to ask consumers to conserve. Ratepayers became Watt Watchers and Tight Watts. Conservation became part of Tacoma Power’s permanent strategy. A kilowatt saved was equivalent to a kilowatt generated.
The energy business saw nuclear power as the answer and Tacoma Power signed up for shares of four Washington Public Power Supply System reactors. But the WPPSS found the plants to be far more expensive than it planned and cancelled the projects in 1982. It was the largest default of public bonds in history, costing Tacoma money with no electricity to show for it.
If shortages in electricity that raised rates were not enough, Tacoma Power had to deal with increased pressure on its precious hydroelectric facilities. The dams and powerhouses proved detrimental to runs of salmon and steelhead, so the utility funded and operated fish hatcheries and mitigation programs. On the Cowlitz River, 15 percent of the cost of the project went to protect fish. Other species affected by dams were protected with wildlife preserves purchased and maintained by Tacoma Power revenues.
Public transportation began in Tacoma in 1885 with horse-drawn streetcars. In the 1890s, the street railway business boomed with electric trolleys. By the end of the decade, the Tacoma Railway & Power Co. (TR&P) was one of two dominant streetcar companies. Tacoma’s own railroad had its origins with the TR&P and the need to provide transit services for employees of industries in the tideflats. TR&P passengers reached the tide flats by getting off the Pacific Avenue line at the 11th Street Bridge, walking across, and boarding another line on St. Paul Avenue.
In 1914, after years of negotiations and failed ballot propositions, Tacoma built a line across the bridge that was used by TR&P cars. The City lost money on the arrangement, which lasted just two years. By that time, the United States was involved in World War I and the new shipyards needed trolley service for their employees. When the City Council could not sell bonds for the extension, it made the City’s electric utility buy them. The City laid track and a trestle over the Milwaukee Road tracks, and bought rolling stock. The City partnered again with TR&P to run the operation. The new line could not keep pace with the thousands of workers building ships for the war effort and an honor system for fares guaranteed financial losses. TR&P dropped out of the deal and on January 1, 1919, Tacoma officially owned and operated the mass transit and freight switching service to the tide flats.
The Tacoma Municipal Street Railway continued to lose money in its passenger operations and struggled under heavy debt. Customers of the freight business -- the belt line -- were unhappy with service. When the Northern Pacific contracted to use the belt line in 1924, other national carriers and major industries signed on as well. This allowed mainline rail access to all industrial users and uniform switching service and the belt line’s future, if not its profitability, was assured. The name changed to Tacoma Municipal Belt Line Railway, and now is known as Tacoma Rail.
The 1920s saw the line extend service, but accidents, fires, and chronic indebtedness marred its record. The 1930s saw an improvement in the line’s fortunes and in 1935 it posted an annual net gain, the first in its history, thanks to the freight operation. In 1936, Superintendent Charles H. McEachron purchased buses as part of a goal to replace the electric streetcars. The trolleys interfered with the switching locomotives and the only way to serve new passenger stops was to lay track. In May 1938, buses replaced trolley service. Even the boom of passenger traffic during World War II did not improve the financial performance of passenger service, however. The City Council voted to turn the service over to the Tacoma Transit Company on the first day of 1947.
In 1942, the Belt Line served 27 industries with 13 miles of track. Logs made up 40 percent of the traffic. The electric locomotives were dropped in favor of diesel in 1944, and a classification yard at 11th Avenue and Sitcum Avenue was completed in April 1945. Under Superintendent Neil H. Kime, the line finally reached some financial stability in 1947, but the track, facilities and rolling stock were in poor shape. Any profits went to pay off loans to City Light and other creditors. The major railroads served by the line were reluctant to consent to rate increases to pay for improvements.
Tacoma almost sold the Belt Line four times, either to the railroads or to the Port of Tacoma. The City kept the line and gradually improved motive power, trackage, and rolling stock, through the 1970s, but money was always tight. The 1980s saw a decline in the fortunes of the major railroads and the forest products business. Grain shipments dropped. The Milwaukee Road disappeared entirely. A 1984 audit of the line’s operations found numerous operational problems and safety violations, but served to obtain the long-needed increase in switching rates that could finance improvements. In 1985, Tacoma Rail absorbed the switching operations of the Port of Tacoma, first on a trial basis, then permanently.
Today, Tacoma Rail runs on 38 miles of track and served 58 customers, the largest being the Port of Tacoma.
In 1996, City Light examined providing cable television and Internet access to consumers, services already supplied by private companies. Echoing back to the 1890s when customers were dissatisfied with rates and service from private utility companies, the cable franchisee in Tacoma was slow to deliver promised upgrades and expansion. City Light wanted to connect the power distribution system with fiber-optic data lines. These lines could also deliver television, Internet service, and business telecommunications to consumers cheaper and better than the franchisee. In November 1997, City Light connected the first cable customer. By the end of 2002, the Click! Network served more than 25,000 homes and businesses.
In June 1998, Tacoma Public Utilities renamed its units. City Light became Tacoma Power, Tacoma City Water became Tacoma Water, and the Belt Line Railway became Tacoma Rail. That year, Tacoma Rail extended service to Morton and to Chehalis for a total of 132 miles of track. Its largest customer was the Port of Tacoma.
Ken Billington, People, Politics & Public Power (Seattle: Washington Public Utility Districts’ Association, 1988), 6; Murray Morgan, Puget’s Sound: A narrative of Early Tacoma and the Southern Sound (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1979); Murray Morgan and Rosa Morgan, South On The Sound: An Illustrated History of Tacoma and Pierce County (Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor Publications, Inc., 1984; Dick Malloy and John S. Ott, The Tacoma Public Utilities Story (Tacoma: Tacoma Public Utilities, 1993); A Century of Service: The Puget Power Story ed. by Robert C. Wing (Bellevue: Puget Sound Power and Light Co., 1987); Rob Tucker, “Water Pipeline Remains stalled,” The News Tribune, June 15, 2002, p. B-1; Kay McFadden, “New Telecommunications Network May Make a Joke Out of TCI,” The Seattle Times, December 31, 1998, p. D-1; Tacoma Public Utilities -- 2001 Annual Report; Kim Echart, “’City’ Will Get Out Of The Utilities Business,” The News Tribune, June 12, 1998, p. B-1.
< Browse to Previous Essay
Browse to Next Essay >
Licensing: This essay is licensed under a Creative Commons license that
encourages reproduction with attribution. Credit should be given to both
HistoryLink.org and to the author, and sources must be included with any
reproduction. Click the icon for more info. Please note that this
Creative Commons license applies to text only, and not to images. For
more information regarding individual photos or images, please contact
the source noted in the image credit.
Major Support for HistoryLink.org Provided
By: The State of Washington | Patsy Bullitt Collins
| Paul G. Allen Family Foundation | Museum Of History & Industry
| 4Culture (King County Lodging Tax Revenue) | City of Seattle
| City of Bellevue | City of Tacoma | King County | The Peach
Foundation | Microsoft Corporation, Other Public and Private
Sponsors and Visitors Like You | <urn:uuid:0f924b39-42ef-4f31-b67f-2e73b7b7947d> | {
"date": "2014-10-25T01:22:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-42",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119646849.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030046-00041-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9549859166145325,
"score": 3.203125,
"token_count": 3732,
"url": "http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=5025"
} |
In partnership with
Scotland’s rocks and landforms provide a range of benefits and help us to understand how the Earth has evolved. Our protected Earth science features are almost all in good condition, but we know little about the state of rocks and landforms outside protected sites.
State: Good - high agreement, low evidence
Trend: Stable/declining - high agreement, low evidence
There is an explanation of the diagram and further information on how we carried out the assessments on the summary pages.
Scotland has a remarkable diversity of rocks and landforms (geology and geomorphology), created by natural processes over the last 3 billion years.
Rocks and landforms are part of Scotland’s rich geodiversity – the variety of rocks, minerals, fossils, landforms, sediments and soils, and the natural processes that form and alter them (known as geomorphological processes).
The geodiversity found across Scotland, including its sea bed, has led to many globally significant discoveries about how the Earth, and life on it, has evolved. Geodiversity also supports biodiversity, providing the foundation on which plants, animals and humans live.
The distribution of rocks and landforms has shaped human activity in Scotland, influencing land use, settlement sites, water sources and architectural style. Scotland’s geodiversity is also the foundation of our varied landscapes and spectacular scenery that today attracts visitors from home and abroad, and provides the background for many recreational pursuits. Additionally, geology provides valuable resources, such as coal, oil and metal ores, which continue to be important to Scotland’s economy.
Rocks and landforms, therefore, contribute a wide range of ecosystem services, providing important economic, social and environmental benefits.
Many rocks and landforms are unique and, having formed over very long periods, are effectively irreplaceable. Therefore, appropriate protection and conservation measures must be put in place so that they continue to provide benefits in future.
Scotland is made up of a wide variety of rocks and sediments of different ages including:
Scotland’s landforms have been shaped over time by water, wind, waves, ice and landslides.
Our landforms are still evolving. Water, wind, waves, and freeze-thaw weathering, continually shape the land and coast. Minor earthquakes occasionally shake the ground, and landslides and flooding rivers periodically alter the landscape.
Flooding and changes in the course of river channels are most characteristic of Highland rivers. Lowland rivers also flood, but their channels are generally more stable. The River Tay discharges the largest volume of water of any British river and, along with other large rivers, carries significant amounts of sediment out to the coast.
Scotland’s coasts are made up of 70% rocks and cliffs (hard coasts); 29% gravels, sand and silts (soft coasts); and less than 1% harbours and sea walls. Our coasts are affected by a range of natural processes such as sea level rise and the natural addition or removal of sediment. There is evidence that these key coastal processes are changing more rapidly than they did in the last century. For example, Scotland is experiencing sea-level rise, which is already increasing the frequency of coastal flooding, and projections suggest that this will continue at an increased rate over the next few decades. Coastal sediment supply is at an all-time low, partly due to hard riverbank and coastal defences that prevent the erosion of fresh sand and gravel. This affects the stability of soft coasts.
Scotland has a long history of minor earthquakes. The earliest recorded occurred in the 13th century, and the largest, measuring 5.2 on the Richter local magnitude scale, was on 28 November 1880 in Argyll. In 2014, over 60 earthquakes with magnitudes between 0.5 and 3.9 on the Richter local magnitude scale, were detected in Scotland and surrounding waters.
Many recent landslides on steep slopes have been initiated during prolonged or extreme rainfall. Old landslides can also be reactivated during extreme rainfall, sometimes because the slope has been made unstable due to undercutting by rivers, coastal erosion or even human excavation of the slope. Recent reported landslides include those affecting the A83 at the Rest and Be Thankful in Argyll, the A890 Stromeferry bypass near Attadale and the A82 south of Fort William.
Scotland’s protected Earth science features are mostly in good condition or being managed to return them to good condition. There are no data available on the state of rocks and landforms outside protected sites.
The principal method of protecting a geological feature or landform of national or international importance is through notification within a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
There are around 895 important rock and landform sites in Scotland (identified by the Geological Conservation Review, GCR). Around 75% of these are protected as notified Earth science features in SSSIs, and their condition is monitored under Scottish Natural Heritage’s (SNH’s) Site Condition Monitoring (SCM) programme, which was initiated in 1998. For SCM assessment, the following are considered damaging to Earth science features.
The SCM programme shows that by February 2015:
The condition of Scotland’s geodiversity not protected in SSSIs is not routinely monitored. Therefore, there is not enough information to make an accurate assessment of its overall state. However, expert opinion and anecdotal evidence indicates that some aspects of our geodiversity are improving while others are declining, and suggests an overall state of good with an overall trend of ‘stable or declining’.
There is no monitoring of the many benefits that rocks and landforms provide, nor of how these benefits may be affected by the many pressures on them. While locally there have been devastating impacts on geodiversity, these are not thought to be sufficiently widespread at present to influence the overall benefit that Scotland’s rocks and landforms provide.
Loss and damage to rocks and landforms leads to the loss or reduction of the benefits they provide. This can include:
Urban and rural development, changes in land use and demand for resources can all put pressure on our rocks and landforms. Some activities that put pressure on our geodiversity may also be beneficial. For example, road cuttings can damage rock outcrops and sediments, but may also provide new evidence of how the area evolved by exposing new rock or sediment sections. In contrast, some activities that are generally considered good for the environment, such as river restoration schemes, may damage our geodiversity if they are not appropriately planned.
Global processes, such as climate change and rising sea levels, can also damage rocks and landforms (e.g. through accelerated coastal or river erosion, more frequent landslides and flooding), as can measures put in place to prevent such direct impacts (e.g. flood-prevention schemes). These changes may also have economic and social consequences. For example:
The severity of these consequences can be reduced if they are taken into account during the planning process.
The main pressures on notified Earth science features as recorded by SNH’s SCM programme are:
Other recorded pressures include the impacts of climate change (e.g. warmer winters affecting the formation of freeze-thaw features) and damaging activities permitted for overriding reasons such as public safety (e.g. safety netting permanently obscuring important rock features but necessary to avoid rock-fall). In these latter cases, damage to rocks and landforms can often be minimised with careful planning.
It is likely that similar pressures apply to rocks and landforms outside SSSIs as those in SSSIs. However, legislation only provides limited protection to geodiversity outside SSSIs for the following activities:
Therefore, our geodiversity resource outside SSSIs will experience pressure from these activities.
Most of our documented nationally and internationally important geodiversity is protected through ‘protected sites’ legislation. Geodiversity conservation is also promoted through Scotland’s Geodiversity Charter, codes of good practice, and action plans that encourage good management of Scotland’s rocks and landforms, now and in the future.
Despite its importance, geodiversity does not have as high a profile as biodiversity. No international legislation covers geodiversity.
Published by the Scottish Government in June 2012, Scotland’s Geodiversity Charter encourages everyone to work together to raise awareness of, and manage, Scotland’s geodiversity; and to ensure its better integration into policy and guidance to meet Scotland’s economic, social, cultural and environmental needs.
SSSIs are the main statutory mechanism for protecting rocks and landforms in Scotland. The total number of Earth science features in SSSIs changes over time; features are added or removed for reasons such as scientific review, update of SSSI citations, and the total destruction of features. In February 2015 there were 650 notified Earth science features in Scottish SSSIs. This represents only a small fraction of the national resource, however, and there is currently no programme to incorporate the remaining 200 or so nationally and internationally important Earth science sites into the SSSI network.
Geoparks, national parks, National Nature Reserves and local nature conservation sites also help protect rocks and landforms and marine protected areas (MPAs) help protect important sea-bed features.
The Scottish Fossil Code, published in 2008, aims to help protect Scotland’s fossils while encouraging public interest and responsible use. Early indications are that most people follow the code when at a fossil site. However, few people ask permission to visit sites or collect fossils, and four incidences of reckless damage have been recorded since the code was published.
The Scottish Core Code, published in 2011 to combat the growing problem of core holes defacing rock outcrops, provides guidance on responsible and environmentally-acceptable rock coring.
At a UK level, the UK Geodiversity Action Plan (UKGAP) provides a broad framework for geological conservation and related activities.
In Scotland, the following areas have completed geodiversity audits:
As yet there are very few local geodiversity action plans (LGAPs) in Scotland. The City of Edinburgh Council has an LGAP within its local biodiversity action plan and, West Lothian has a draft LGAP.
In cases where rock and landform features may be affected by development, extraction, landfill, landscape restoration or other activities, early communication between all interested parties can help ensure that rocks and landforms are recognised and appropriately incorporated.
Managing active landforms, such as rivers and coasts, appropriately is likely to become increasingly challenging with the prospect of more frequent flooding and rising sea levels (see the National Flood Risk Assessment and draft National Marine Plan for Scotland). Building on flood plains is likely to become less viable as the cost of protecting such developments increases. Demand is also increasing for adaptive management to reduce the cost of protecting developments vulnerable to flooding. | <urn:uuid:6a51184f-ec3e-4eb4-ba1b-cfcfdc9943e5> | {
"date": "2016-05-05T10:29:18",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-18",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860126502.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161526-00184-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9502926468849182,
"score": 4.125,
"token_count": 2257,
"url": "http://www.environment.scotland.gov.uk/get-informed/land/rocks-and-landforms/"
} |
In case you’re worried about carrying on with a solid way of life or are hoping to lose some weight, at that point you have to eat sound sustenances. You ought to likewise be monitoring exactly what number of calories you’re eating each day. Obviously, it’s critical for these calories to originate from solid sustenances, for example, organic product. It’s a charming astonishment to find that numerous organic products taste great as well as they’re incredible for you too since there’s truly not a considerable measure of calories in natural product.
Apples: You’ll find a wide range of kinds of apples accessible for utilization today. Notwithstanding what kind of apple you pick, you’ll see that they’re all low in calories. Truth be told, the normal, medium size apple just contains around 95 calories. Obviously, the real calorie check will rely on the sort of apple you eat.
Bananas: Surprisingly, apples don’t contain numerous calories by any stretch of the imagination. A medium measured banana in reality just has roughly 105 calories. This isn’t the main manner by which bananas are beneficial for you however. They likewise contain things like protein and potassium as well.
Grapes: Whenever you have a sweet tooth, you ought to eat a few grapes. They’re sweet taste doesn’t pack a great deal of calories inside it. In 10 grapes there are just 34 calories, which implies that 50 red or green grapes contain under 250 calories.
Plums: Another extraordinary organic product to appreciate at whatever point you have a sweet tooth is plums. Inside a solitary plum there are just 76 calories, which is the reason they’re an extraordinary thing to nibble on. This would be an incredible alternative for breakfast as well.
Oranges: There are a great deal of solid vitamins and supplements in oranges, including vitamin C. It’s vital to take note of that since oranges are accessible in a wide cluster of sizes, they have an extensive variety of calories inside them. This reaches from a little orange that contains around 45 calories to a huge orange that contains roughly 87 calories. Despite the span of the orange, regardless you’re not expending a mess of calories.
A Last Word Concerning Calories in Fruit
While these are usually eaten natural products, you can discover others that are additionally low in calories. Thus, in the event that you genuinely need to carry on with a solid way of life and are worried about your weightArticle Submission, at that point you should begin nibbling on organic product. Simply investigate a portion of the calorie checks above and you’ll see that natural product truly is a substantially more beneficial choice for eating. | <urn:uuid:279d534d-759a-4934-802d-926babafd4d5> | {
"date": "2019-08-22T19:57:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317359.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822194105-20190822220105-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9456533193588257,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 568,
"url": "http://homefinancial.tk/the-number-of-calories-in-fruits.html"
} |
In this video, Tim Brown, the CEO of IDEO talks about design thinking and how it can change the world in this TED talk which was film in 2009. He talks on how you can apply design thinking in solving big problems. According to Wikipedia,
Design thinking refers to the methods and processes for investigating ill-defined problems, acquiring information, analyzing knowledge, and positing solutions in the design and planning fields.
Learn more about design thinking from IDEO’s very own Teddy Zmrhal this 3rd Feb 2013 and register yourself here. | <urn:uuid:2cdff374-7df6-464e-98b2-bdf4e6995b63> | {
"date": "2018-05-21T07:17:20",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521063331-20180521083202-00018.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9504266977310181,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 112,
"url": "http://www.nextupasia.com/how-design-thinking-can-change-the-world/"
} |
This past Monday, LFS- SFSU conducted an educational discussion on “Arts & Activism” and the use of cultural work within organizing. In order to understand how we can use culture and media (like blogs…) to advance the fight for National Democracy in the Philippines and the liberation of all struggling people, we have to analyze how its being used by our “enemies.”
Being in a free-market, capitalist society, we are fed images everyday. Most of these images are created to advance the financial interest of a corporation, conglomerate, financial entity, etc. In simpler terms, to make money. In our society, art and culture has been commodified to promote certain ideas of the dominant culture. The United States was very effective in doing this when it first colonized the Philippines and we even see it to this day.
One of the resources our facilitators used was a documentary called “Mickey Mouse Monopoly.” It is a critical look into Disney as a commercial/ cultural entity and certain ideas it has promoted and reinforced throughout its history. Disney is just one of the many outlets that has been set up to mold our thinking. Use this as a starting point to ask yourself critical questions about the media you see on the daily. Then compare it to the various examples of cultural work that our movement is trying to promote (see LFS Music Breaks). Enjoy! | <urn:uuid:ea817b35-8f91-4e1f-ba7e-11de2839cf49> | {
"date": "2017-10-19T03:38:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823220.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019031425-20171019051425-00856.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9670711159706116,
"score": 2.546875,
"token_count": 288,
"url": "https://lfssfsu.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/a-small-and-made-up-world-after-all-mickey-mouse-monopoly/"
} |
The history of eugenics in Hungary remains a neglected area in contemporary scholarship. Although studies dealing with German racial hygiene and eugenics during the interwar period record the eugenic ideals professed by various Hungarian political and intellectual figures, to date no scholarly discussion of the eugenic movement in Hungary has been undertaken.1 One would have expected Hungarian scholarship to compensate for such a historiographic lacuna. However, in most Hungarian scholarship, eugenics is either marginalized as an insignificant historical detail, or treated indistinguishably from other subjects like bio-medical racism.2
Such historical and academic neglect has, however, no justification. Like elsewhere, Hungarian eugenicists addressed a wide range of medical, social, and political issues, from social hygiene and mental care to forced sterilization and serological research of ethnic groups. Hungarian eugenicists deemed resolution of these issues essential to the progress of Hungarian society at the time. Moreover, the fascination with eugenics in Hungary knew no ideological restrictions. Socialist and fascist supporters alike favored it, and religious groups, such as Roman Catholics, offered some of the most sophisticated interpretations of the relationship between eugenics and religion of the interwar period. The time has come for the history of eugenics in Hungary to receive the attention it deserves, and for Hungarian eugenicists to be integrated within the international scholarship on racial hygiene and eugenics.
This chapter discusses the first phase in the history of eugenics in Hungary, between 1910 and 1918. During this formative period, two schools of eugenic thought were formed: the first, internal, group was represented, most prominently, by István Apáthy, József Madzsar, Lajos Dienes, Zsigmond Fülöp, János Bársony and Mihály Lenhossék. This | <urn:uuid:0b4fbf0d-15dd-4dd8-b830-474c8bff8750> | {
"date": "2015-09-05T11:24:41",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440646242843.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827033042-00168-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9437097907066345,
"score": 2.75,
"token_count": 393,
"url": "https://www.questia.com/read/119758129/blood-and-homeland-eugenics-and-racial-nationalism"
} |
In several labs around the world, sound waves are doing things they’ve never done before. Teams working in England and the Ukraine have made a sonic laser, or “saser,” which operates in the terahertz range, with sound waves oscillating more than a trillion times per second. Meanwhile, in an Israeli lab, researchers say they’ve created the first ever sonic black hole that traps sound waves and won’t let them escape.
The saser uses packets of sonic vibrations called “phonons” much like a regular laser uses photons. Specifically, the acoustic laser device consists of a sonic beam traveling through a “superlattice” constructed of 50 sheets of material each only atoms thick that are alternately made of gallium arsenide and aluminium arsenide, two materials found in semiconductor [CNET]. The phonons bounce back and forth inside the lattice, which causes more phonons to be released and amplifies the overall signal. The result is the formation of an intense series of synchronised phonons inside the stack, which leaves the device as a narrow saser beam of high-frequency ultrasound [New Scientist].
At the moment the terahertz saser, described in a paper published in the journal Physical Review B, is mainly a neat trick, but it may find practical applications down the line, says lead researcher Tony Kent. “Fifty years ago many eminent scientists said that light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation [lasers] was no more than a scientific curiosity,” says Kent, but lasers are now used for everything from digital storage and cancer treatment to weaponry [New Scientist]. Kent says the new saser technology could lead to breakthroughs in imaging for tiny, nanoscale objects.
In the other acoustic accomplishment, researchers created the first sonic black hole, which have existed in theory only for 30 years. In astrophysics, a black hole is a region where gravity is so great that nothing, not even light, can escape. In the sonic black hole, researchers created a region from which sound could not escape. They used two Bose-Einstein condensates: clouds of atoms cooled to near absolute zero, where the atoms can’t reduce their energy any further, not even through friction.
In the paper, posted on the preprint site arXiv in advance of publication, lead researcher Jeff Steinhauer shows that the atoms flow between the two clouds faster than the speed of sound. Since sound waves can’t propagate any faster than the speed of sound, any sound wave trying to move through the flowing atoms will fall farther and farther behind, never able to escape the sonic event horizon. “It’s like trying to swim slowly against a fast current,” said Steinhauer. “The sound waves fall behind because the current is moving faster than the waves” [Discovery News]. (For a more technical description of the study, see DISCOVER’s Cosmic Variance blog.)
What’s more, further experiments with sonic black holes could help prove the existence of Hawking radiation, first predicted by the physicist Stephen Hawking in the 1970s. Quantum mechanics predicts that pairs of particles can spontaneously appear in empty space; Hawking argued that if they happen to appear on the edge of an event horizon, one particle can be drawn into the black hole by gravity while the other escapes, thus giving the appearance of radiation from the back hole. If stray phonons are found outside the event horizon of the sonic black hole, it will help validate the idea of this Hawking radiation. “This is about understanding the basic laws of physics,” said Steinhauer. “What this research is good for in day to day life I’m not sure, but we as humans want to understand how the universe works” [Discovery News].
Image: Jeff Steinhauer, Israel Institute of Technology | <urn:uuid:45b2cbb1-a142-4eb2-8a57-5d71537bc506> | {
"date": "2014-12-20T05:23:48",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-52",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769392.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00123-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9284223318099976,
"score": 4,
"token_count": 810,
"url": "http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/06/18/this-may-sound-strange-sonic-lasers-and-sonic-black-holes/"
} |
Why does everyone think if you do good you will prosper? The good die young, why? What is good? A war hero, he lives life on the edge. He goes to fight injustice. A good person stand for what is right. He stands up for the weak and what is right. The only thing necessary for an injustice to prevail is for good men to do nothing. This is a quote that is illustrated by the movie tears of the sun. Bruce Willis plays a general in the United States army who is sent into a war torn African country to take a priest, 2 nuns and a missionary doctor back to the states. He is told to leave all the patients behind. The priest and nuns refuse to leave and the Doctor refuses to go without her patients. Willis forces the doctor onto a helicopter leaving all her patients behind in a green field. As they are flying they see that the Gorillas had come and killed everyone at the medical center. Willis turns the copper around and puts half the refugees on it and leads the other half across the country trying to get to the refugee camp.
Many of Willis’ men die trying to get them to safety. They strove to stop something and gave their lives to do something Good. Evil men prosper because they take the easy manipulative way. Cowards prosper because they do not stand. He who stands is more likely to fall then he who never gets up.
That is why the good die young. It is tough to go against the flow and play with fire. A good man is not afraid to upset the anthill. He is courageous and knows what fights to fight and which to let go.
A brave man runs to a fight but a courageous man thinks before he acts. Not about the consequences but about whither or not the fight is worth it. No matter what the out come, at the end of the day a good man has no regrets, no matter the ending a good man would do it all again. | <urn:uuid:b9ba1d9c-8f64-4e47-b4e7-a1db2b7931bf> | {
"date": "2013-06-20T09:10:35",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9678171277046204,
"score": 2.6875,
"token_count": 399,
"url": "http://glosdrumbeat.blogspot.com/2005_06_01_archive.html"
} |
Call us : (02) 9938 5419
Nightly reading, spelling and maths tasks are complicated in later primary school and high school by assignments and projects.
Sometimes it’s hard for kids, who are also trying to fit extra curricula sport, music and interest activities in to an already packed weekly routine, to get it all done. So here is a simple tool designed to keep your child get organised and to learn, from an early age, that homework can be managed… as long as they have a plan that they can stick to.
Here’s how it works:
- Download the plan below and then, each week, print it out
Most kids are visual learners and in order to learn, they need resources that they can see, touch and refer to frequently.
2. Each week, when homework is assigned, help your child to fill the plan in
Your child might need prompts, such as ‘What do you have to do for maths?’ or “what did Mrs Jones ask you to write in your school diary?…however, don’t do all the work for them! You may also need to remind them about planned activities after school, eg soccer or dance classes. Ensure that your child makes the choices about what will be done and when. This makes them accountable for the decisions they have made
3. Stick the homework plan in your child’s homework book, on their noticeboard or even the fridge
A visible, easy reminder of what needs to be done will help your child stay on track and will be a point of reference when they are unsure or can’t remember what comes nex
4. .Each day, help your child by directing them to their plan
“What bit of homework did you decide you’d do today?” Is a good reminder.
5. Encourage your child to ‘tick’ the finished box when they have completed a homework task
This visual sign of a job completed gives kids a feeling of achievement. It’s a great opportunity to offer important praise and is a good strategy for parents who are not home during homework time. When you get arrive from work, ask to see your child’s homework plan and congratulate them on the effort they have made.
6. Help your child to use the homework plan to hand work in on time
Each morning (or even better, each night before they go to bed) encourage your child to check the plan and make sure that everything that is due in the following day is in their bag.
Research shows that when we actively teach children to break a task down into manageable ‘chunks’, they are more likely to be able to successfully complete it.
Homework doesn’t have to be a hassle, and when we teach our kids how to plan and think ahead, we are giving them skills for life.
Teacher & Kids First founder
Kids First Children’s Services 2014
Kids First‘s qualified teachers support primary and high schoolers who need help to succeed in Maths and English.
Find out more here or call us on (02) 9938 5419 to arrange a free 30 minute screening so that we can help you to determine the best way to build your child’s confidence | <urn:uuid:a5a87afa-1c3f-4b2e-bd19-ae32525454f8> | {
"date": "2017-08-20T21:11:44",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106990.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820204359-20170820224359-00176.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9643272161483765,
"score": 3.140625,
"token_count": 683,
"url": "http://kids-first.com.au/easy-homework-planner-for-kids/"
} |
When you see butterflies, isn’t it like a little magic has decided to float by? They’re exotic and beautiful, quiet but quick, and often gone just when you realize they were there.
That’s why planting a butterfly garden is so satisfying. It can attract and keep an abundance of butterflies around so you can enjoy them in all their stages of growth. You’ll be doing them a favor, too. Due to climate change, urban and suburban development, forest destruction, and the application of toxic chemicals on everything from agricultural fields to our front lawns, butterflies are endangered throughout the world. If you grow a garden with butterflies in mind, you’ll help keep them alive. Here’s how!
Before You Plant, Get Specific About What Butterflies You Can Attract
There are about 24,000 species of butterflies, plus 140,000 species of moth. They range in size from a tiny eighth of an inch to almost 12 inches, and come in every color of the rainbow. But which of these is right for your garden?
Here’s a state-by-state map you can click on to see which butterflies are found in your state. To get more specific, ask your county extension agency for recommendations on native butterflies likely to show up in your yard. You can also spend some time sitting quietly in your yard with a butterfly guidebook to see what flies by.
Plant Both Nectar Plants and Food Plants
Nectar plants nourish adult butterflies. Food plants feed caterpillars. Ideally, you’ll plant both.
Most plants advertised as “butterfly friendly” are nectar plants. They usually have bright blooms, so they’ll add a lot of color, variety, and style to your garden. Some common nectar plants include black-eyed Susans, purple coneflowers, and asters. Here’s a helpful list of nectar-producing plants. Aim for as many native plants as possible, and avoid those considered “invasive” because they could quickly take over your garden.
As for food plants to support the caterpillar stage of a butterfly’s life, try milkweed, snapdragons, and hollyhocks, plus these delightful others. Some plants will serve as both nectar and caterpillar food plants, so make sure to choose from among those as well.
Plant a Variety of Both Kinds of Plants, and Plant Them Densely
Once you’ve chosen your plants, it’s better for the butterflies to plant more than less. For a beautiful garden, group several of the same plant together—and vary your gardening beds in order to mix different leaves and flower textures, as well as different heights of the plants and different blooming times. That way, you’ll love looking at your garden as much as butterflies like growing in it.
Avoid Toxic Chemicals in Fertilizers and Garden Organically
Butterflies are small creatures that can be highly sensitive to toxic chemicals. Understand that healthy gardens will have a variety of insects buzzing around them, so don’t try to kill the “pests.” Weed by hand or hoe rather than by using an herbicide. Add nutrients to the soil via organic compost.
Provide Protection and Water, Too
In addition to nectar and food, butterflies benefit from shelter from the wind and predators, and some water. Make sure they have access to shrubs, trees, perennials and even vines that grow to different heights, bloom at different times of the year, and offer a variety of shapes and colors. If no trees are available, erect some trellises that vines can climb to create elevation. As for water, moist ground or what’s called a “puddling station” is all butterflies need as long as they have access to plenty of nectar, dew, and even tree sap.
Keep It Sunny
Butterflies are cold-blooded insects and need to warm their bodies in the sun. When you design your garden, include boulders the insects can alight on to warm up, as well as exposed soil and other surfaces they can find. Most plants in a butterfly garden require at least 6 hours of sunlight anyway, so it’s no extra work to add these features to your garden plot.
Once you plant your garden, keep a notebook handy so you can record which types of butterflies drop by for a visit. Or, just sit nearby so you can enjoy the garden you’ve grown and the magical insects that it attracts. | <urn:uuid:cafb3484-31b9-4550-9375-ded41342c5ed> | {
"date": "2018-10-17T06:22:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-43",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583510998.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017044446-20181017065946-00296.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9429716467857361,
"score": 3.25,
"token_count": 956,
"url": "https://modernize.com/home-ideas/25019/how-to-plant-a-garden-butterflies-will-love"
} |
How do I know if my computer has been hacked?
Tip: Most computer problems are not caused by computer hackers. It is more common for a computer to be hijacked by a virus then to be hacked. It can be difficult to detect a hacker on a computer because the hacker will hide or disguise their actions. Below are the most common things that you may notice after a computer has been hacked.
New programs installed
In some situations, you may see new programs or files on the computer. If you are the only user on the computer and new programs are installed, this could be an indication that it has been hacked. However, there are also several legitimate reasons why a new program may appear on the computer, as listed below.
- Operating system or other program received updates that included new programs or files.
- When you installed a new program, other programs may have been installed with it. For example, it is common for plugins and other free programs to have a check box asking if it is ok to install a new Internet browser toolbar or antivirus program on your computer. If you don't uncheck these boxes, the additional new programs are installed.
- If you suspect someone may have used your machine, ask if they installed a new program.
Below is a listing of programs that may indicate a hacker has been on the computer.
- Backdoors and trojans are by far the most common programs installed on a computer after it has been hacked. These programs can allow the hacker to gain access to a large amount of information stored on your computer.
- IRC clients are another common way for a hacker to get into a computer or remotely control thousands of computers. If you have ever participated in an IRC chat, your computer could have been hacked.
- Spyware, rogue antivirus programs, and malware might be an indication of a hacker. More commonly, however, they are a sign that your computer has been infected via download or visiting a hijacked page while on the Internet.
Computer passwords have changed
Sometimes, after an online account is hacked, the hacker changes the password to one or more accounts. Try using the forgot password feature to reset the password. If your e-mail address has changed or this feature does not work, contact the company who is providing the service. They are the only ones who can reset your account and give control back to you.
Local computer password
If your password to log into your computer has changed, it may have been hacked. There is no reason why a password would change on its own.
E-mail spam being sent
When an e-mail account is taken over, the attacker almost always uses that account to spread spam and viruses. If your friends, family, or coworkers are receiving advertising e-mail from you, your e-mail may be compromised. Log into your e-mail account and change your account password.
Tip: E-mail addresses can also be spoofed without hacking the account. After changing the e-mail password, if your friends continue to get e-mails you have not sent, it is likely someone is spoofing your e-mail address.
Increased network activity
For any attacker to take control of a computer, they must remotely connect to it. When someone is remotely connected to your computer, your Internet connection will be slower. Also, many times after the computer is hacked, it becomes a zombie to attack other computers.
Installing a bandwidth monitor program on the computer can help determine which programs are using bandwidth on your computer. Windows users can also use the netstat command to determine remote established network connections and open ports.
However, there are multiple legitimate reasons why your Internet connection may also be slow.
Unknown programs requesting access
Computer security programs and firewalls help restrict access for security purposes. If the computer prompts for access to programs you do not know, rogue programs may be installed or it may have been hacked. If you do not know why a program needs access to the Internet, we recommend blocking access to that program. If you later discover these blocks cause problems, they can be removed.
Security programs uninstalled
If the computer's antivirus program, anti-malware program, or firewall has been uninstalled or disabled, it can also be an indication of a hacked computer. A hacker may disable these programs to help hide any warnings that would appear while they are on your machine.
Note: It is also possible for a virus to disable the antivirus program or malware to interfere with the anti-malware program.
Computer doing things by itself
When someone is remotely connected to a computer, they can remotely control any device on that computer. For example, a mouse cursor could be moved or something could be typed. If you see the computer doing something as if someone else is in control, this can be an indication of a hacked computer.
If the computer is dialing the Internet on its own, it is an indication that a program needs to connect to the Internet. It is common for programs like e-mail clients to do this to check for new e-mail. However, if you cannot identify what program needs Internet access, this could be an indication of a hacked computer.
These symptoms may also be an indication of a virus or malware infection in the computer. Viruses often attempt to establish an Internet connection to send data from your computer to a malicious destination.
Internet browser home page changed or new toolbar
If you notice that your web browser configuration has suddenly changed, this may be a symptom of virus or malware infection. Examples of sudden browser changes include your home page changing, a third-party toolbar being added, or your default search engine changing to something you don't want. | <urn:uuid:ccf9d8dc-a1a6-49f0-8230-a876aaaed412> | {
"date": "2015-08-30T15:55:55",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644065324.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025425-00113-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9468384981155396,
"score": 2.9375,
"token_count": 1163,
"url": "http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001296.htm"
} |
A new Hubble picture is the sharpest ever image of the core of spiral galaxy Messier 61. Taken using the High Resolution Channel of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, the central part of the galaxy is shown in striking detail.
Also known as NGC 4303, this galaxy is roughly 100,000 light-years across, comparable in size to our galaxy, the Milky Way. Both Messier 61 and our home galaxy belong to a group of galaxies known as the Virgo Supercluster in the constellation of Virgo (The Virgin) -- a group of galaxy clusters containing up to 2,000 spiral and elliptical galaxies in total.
Messier 61 is a type of galaxy known as a starburst galaxy. Starburst galaxies experience an incredibly high rate of star formation, hungrily using up their reservoir of gas in a very short period of time (in astronomical terms). But this is not the only activity going on within the galaxy; deep at its heart there is thought to be a supermassive black hole that is violently spewing out radiation.
Despite its inclusion in the Messier Catalogue, Messier 61 was actually discovered by Italian astronomer Barnabus Oriani in 1779. Charles Messier also noticed this galaxy on the very same day as Oriani, but mistook it for a passing comet -- the comet of 1779.
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:7fbe7649-6961-421e-98f2-1477c58afcd6> | {
"date": "2016-07-27T09:53:13",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257826759.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071026-00033-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9203252792358398,
"score": 3.734375,
"token_count": 279,
"url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140502120911.htm"
} |
It is important for students to be enthusiastic about learning. Motivation can be tied to many things, and one of the most important elements is background knowledge or schema. For the past several months, my five year old has enthusiastically continued developing her emerging numeracy and reading skills using the weather application on my iPhone. I have about eight different locations around the United States and in the world setup as “bookmarks” on my iPhone weather program, which she can quickly access with a finger swipe.
This week, as we’ve had snow and ice in parts of the Midwest, the weather has been a little more visually exciting to follow on my iPhone. The other morning, Rachel asked to see my iPhone during breakfast so she could check the weather. She was SO excited to report:
Dad! It’s snowing in Manhattan! It’s going to snow in Manhattan three days this week!
I didn’t snap an iPhone screenshot of that moment, but I did take a snap later of the weather in Manhattan, Kansas. This location is significant to Rachel because one set of her grandparents (my folks) live there, and she has traveled there for holiday visits several times in the past. She has personal experiences and schema attached to this location, therefore the incidence of SNOW and cold temperatures there has special meaning and significance for her.
If you have an iPhone or iPod Touch, you can create screenshaps of any application or webapp by simultaneously pressing the home and sleep/wake button. This saves the image to your Photo roll, where you can sync it with your computer, email it or directly upload it to a photo sharing website like Flickr.
Rachel lives in Edmond, so the weather in our city is usually the first one she likes to check. When she checks the weather on the iPhone and becomes our family forecaster, my wife and I ask her to share the temperature as well as the predicted temperatures for today.
As she flicks through different cities, we ask her to share the name of the city she’s viewing along with weather details. Sometimes we’ll ask her a specific question, “Hey, what’s the temperature right now in Lubbock?” (Where her other set of grandparents live and she’s just visited recently.) As a young five year old, this provides great, real-world practice for reading two digit numbers as well as recognizing different city names. Rachel will start public kindergarten next year, but that hasn’t stopped us from starting her numeracy and reading literacy development early. Opportunities to have conversations like this provide countless learning signs throughout the week. My wife and I believe that even though our children attend public school, we still have vital roles to play as homeschooling parents. Essentially we recognize that we’re all learning constantly, and whether we’re in formal or informal learning contexts we need to take time to have conversations and share our perceptions and ideas together.
The iPhone weather image below from Gainsville, Texas, shows a wintery mix of snow and rain. This was very exciting to Rachel to report on this week. She loves to be the announcer of REAL news to others in our family. This not only develops her numeracy and reading literacy skills, but also her self-esteem as her ideas and announcements earn the attention and focus of others in our family. As she learns to accurately read numbers and words aloud, she experiences supported success in these activities which further builds her motivation to continue reading and sharing. Weather often is interesting and relevant, so being the “news reporter” for the weather can have a real value in family conversations. This is important for a five year old.
This use of the iPhone weather application a very basic use, but it’s worth mentioning because I know many primary age classroom teachers discuss the weather with students as a part of their morning circle time. If a teacher or teacher-aide has an iPhone or iPod Touch, it could be great to teach and allow students to use and access the weather application to report on current as well as upcoming conditions in different places.
A great deal of learning takes place in conversations. In conversations we learn about individual perceptions, knowledge and skills. The iPhone weather application allows us to talk about “greater than” and “less than” comparisons of weather, read the days of the week, and engage in a basic process of gathering and reporting on real-world data outside the home and classroom.
Is it colder today in Edmond or Manhattan?
How warm is it going to be on Wednesday in Edmond?
How many days is it going to rain in Shanghai this week?
Are these skills on which we test students in our classrooms, reading and interpreting data in tables? Of course. It can be even more fun and engaging, however, to analyze real-time data which has personal meaning and significance for students, than the often irrelevant data which we find on tests and worksheets.
Students in all of our classrooms need to be engaged in ongoing collaborative projects with students in other parts of the world. It is critical that we help our young people develop into global citizens with global awareness, which extends far beyond simplistic memorization of goegraphic place locations or country names and capitals. We need to help our students build friendships with others from diverse countries and cultural perspectives. When we have a friend in another country, whether or not we’ve met that person face-to-face we never look at that country or the people from that country the same. Helping students develop their own senses of and dispositions toward cultural respect, understanding, and tolerance is VERY important. Children often learn intolerance and disrespect in the school hallways and on the playground. The world isn’t fair, but we need to strive to bring values like fairness, respect, and understanding into our relationships, conversations and lives.
If we want students to CARE and really learn about a topic, we have to take the importance of schema and motivation seriously. Your students may not care about the weather in Shanghai today if they don’t live there, and if they don’t know anyone who lives there. If you engage in a sustained collaborative project with students and teachers in Shanghai, however, exchanging email letters, VoiceThread comments, and even live videoconference conversations, levels of background knowledge and motivation to know and learn about Shanghai would be quite different in your classroom.
Make it a priority to facilitate global connections with your students. Start small. Connect with other teachers in educational networking environments like the Global Education Collaborative, Classroom 2.0, and the K-12 Online Conference. Find an ongoing project already registered via ePals, the CILC’s Collaboration Center, or GlobalSchoolNet. Foster international connections and collaboration for your students. Make personal connections with teachers in other places, and via those “virtual rails of communication” bring your students along to share and learn together.
Those types of connections can make learning about the weather in another location take on entirely new levels of significance and meaning.
Did you know Wes has published several eBooks and "eBook singles?" 1 of them is available free! Check them out! Do you use a smartphone or tablet? Subscribe to Wes' free magazine "iReading" on Flipboard!
If you're trying to listen to a podcast episode and it's not working, check this status page. (Wes is migrating his podcasts to Amazon S3 for hosting.) Remember to follow Wesley Fryer on Twitter (@wfryer), Facebook and Google+. Also "like" Wesley's Facebook pages for "Speed of Creativity Learning" and his eBook, "Playing with Media." Don't miss Wesley's latest technology integration project, "Mapping Media to the Curriculum."
On this day..
- Thanks to Donors Choose Supporters of Classroom Sphero Project - 2015
- A Saturday Filled with Media Creation and #playingwithmedia - 2012
- Audio Podcasts Online for Technology Leadership: PLNs, Vision & PD - 2011
- Screencasts about finding copyright friendly media and using VoiceThread - 2010
- Latest Facebook Situation in Nashville Highlights Need for Social Media Guidelines in Schools - 2010
- Google Docs is NOT "clunky old PC software" - 2010
- Creativity, Interruptions, Boundaries and Leadership - 2009
- Reflections on EduCon 2.1 via an EdTechTalk Webcast - 2009
- Digital Citizenship Q&A Round #2 - 2008
- Two Million Minutes: A call for educational change - 2008 | <urn:uuid:d4c88b36-97e8-4353-8d2a-2e4cd2eec34a> | {
"date": "2015-09-05T03:43:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645378542.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031618-00227-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9490910172462463,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 1771,
"url": "http://www.speedofcreativity.org/2009/01/28/numeracy-and-reading-development-with-the-iphone-weather-app/"
} |
The Discipline Debate
Many parents today feel obliged to control their children's behavior through punishment. Some even express worry that if their children do not fear them, the youngsters may not grow up to become law-abiding citizens. Discipline, in their minds, implies instilling fear. It often refers to punitive practices such as taking away possessions or privileges, time-outs, and spanking, not to mention yelling and threatening — in fact, "losing it" to make a point and to maintain control. But all these assumptions are either exaggerated or flat-out wrong.
Of course, living with limits and respecting rules is essential to long-range life success, and kids actually feel better knowing that their parents will help them to manage strong, unwelcome impulses which they are still too young to control on their own. But there is no need to instill fear. Virtually all small children already fear the loss of their parents' love and approval. They know they are just learning what pleases and displeases their elders.
The best way to teach your child how to behave is, to borrow a line from an old popular tune, "accentuate the positive and eliminate the negative." Research has shown clearly that positive rewards, praise, and admiration are far more powerful than threats and punishment. Children who are repeatedly rebuked and punished may even conclude that getting their parents' approval is hopeless, which can lead to still angrier, more rebellious behavior.
When Adults Disagree
Teachers and caregivers are also confused about how to discipline. Too often, parents are led to believe that it is they, the parents, who are at fault, if their children cross some behavioral line. Rebuking parents can make them even more desperate to control their children's behavior. Nothing is accomplished when parents and caregivers are blaming each other or otherwise at odds.
And it is not only the school and home that might not be in synch about behavioral expectations. Two parents, even in intact marriages, often disagree about what to expect from their children at what age and how to impart those expectations. One parent may consider the other's discipline style very strict and rigid, while the other thinks her partner's way of disciplining is dangerously lenient.
What to Expect
How much self-control and compliance can you expect from your 3 to 5 year old? At this phase of development, children are dealing with hidden jealousies and anger about not being the most important or powerful member of the family. In their minds, there is overwhelming competition for that favorite spot. Two parents (or a parent and an adult partner) seem to have a "closed door" relationship that naturally shuts out a young child. Brothers and sisters of all ages, but particularly younger ones, sometimes seem to take priority. Sharing things, and even more so, sharing attention, does not come naturally to small children. It is only the boundless need for your love and approval that allows them ultimately to accept sharing. And all of this takes time.
Of course, that does not mean you should decide that "anything goes." Set limits, firmly, but not harshly. And despite her grumbling, your young child does appreciate guidance and limit-setting, as long as:
- You are not always saying "No" and rarely saying "Yes"
- Your tone is not universally impatient and punitive
- You do not humiliate your child
Everyone has good and bad days, including parents, who may be preoccupied by other life issues that interfere with measured disciplining and joy in watching each child slowly grow more reasonable and cooperative. Then too, some parents have the opposite worry: their concern is about how to set reasonable behavioral limits without doing harm either to the child's self-image or to the parent-child relationship. But remember, a child afloat without boundaries is no happier than a child who feels humiliated by threats and harsh punishment. Most children know that by setting suitable limits, Mommy and Daddy are providing the love and protection they need.
Recommended Products for Your Child Ages 3-5 | <urn:uuid:c0ac6d23-2d05-4647-92d1-8abcb1ce8735> | {
"date": "2014-03-10T17:59:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-10",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010925635/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091525-00006-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9671679735183716,
"score": 2.734375,
"token_count": 820,
"url": "http://www.scholastic.com/parents/resources/article/praise-discipline/discipline-debate"
} |
Chevy Chase, MD--Celiac disease patients who experience chronic damage in the small intestine may be more likely to break a hip than those whose intestinal tissues have begun healing, according to new research accepted for publication in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that affects about 1 percent of the U.S. population. When people with the condition eat gluten--a protein found in grains like wheat--it triggers an immune response in the small intestine. Patients with this condition face a higher risk of breaking a bone, but studies have reached contradictory conclusions about whether the fracture risk remains elevated long after the disease is diagnosed and managed with a gluten-free diet.
"We believe that giving the mucous membrane--the moist tissue lining the small intestine--a chance to heal can lower the risk of complications, including bone fractures, in celiac patients," said one of the study's authors, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, PhD, MD, of Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "Our research confirmed that patients had a higher rate of hip fractures when tissue damage persisted over time. Sticking to a gluten-free diet is crucial for minimizing tissue damage and reducing the risk of a serious fracture that could cause other complications."
The cohort study analyzed tissue samples from 7,146 Swedes who were diagnosed with celiac disease from July 1969 to February 2008 and received follow-up biopsies within five years of diagnosis. Researchers examined intestinal tissue from the biopsies to determine the level of damage. Among this population, 43 percent had persistent villous atrophy where the intestinal tissue did not heal. (The villi are tiny structures that project from the lining of the small intestine.)
Researchers analyzed patient records to determine how many had broken bones. Patients were monitored for a median of 10.3 years after being diagnosed with celiac disease. The study found that people who had persistent tissue damage were more likely to break a hip. All patients faced a similar risk close to the time of the follow-up biopsy. The group with persistent tissue damage had a heightened risk of hip fracture beginning five years after the follow-up biopsy, indicating a higher long-term risk.
"Physicians have debated whether people with celiac disease actually benefit from a follow-up biopsy to determine the level of tissue healing taking place," said one of the study's authors, Benjamin Lebwohl, MD, MS, of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. "These findings suggest that a follow-up biopsy can be useful for predicting complications down the road."
Other authors of the study include: K. Michaëlsson of Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, and P.H.R. Green of Columbia University Medical Center.
The study, "Persistent Mucosal Damage and Risk of Fracture in Celiac Disease," appears in the February issue of JCEM.
Founded in 1916, the Endocrine Society is the world's oldest, largest and most active organization devoted to research on hormones and the clinical practice of endocrinology. Today, the Endocrine Society's membership consists of over 17,000 scientists, physicians, educators, nurses and students in more than 100 countries. Society members represent all basic, applied and clinical interests in endocrinology. The Endocrine Society is based in Chevy Chase, Maryland. To learn more about the Society and the field of endocrinology, visit our site at http://www. | <urn:uuid:b798df0a-a280-45d8-bbfa-ad706ba0e2a5> | {
"date": "2016-05-06T18:45:56",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-18",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461862047707.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428164727-00188-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9472449421882629,
"score": 2.984375,
"token_count": 738,
"url": "http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-01/tes-cid011414.php"
} |
Nov 30, 2010 3:01 PM by Elaine Sheridan
Colorado State University veterinarians say that now rabies vaccinations aren't just for dogs and cats, they are now recommending that livestock be vaccinated for rabies due to an increased number of infected skunks in the state.
While bats have spread rabies in Colorado for many years, rabies spread through other wildlife has typically been more common in Eastern states. Over the last several years, more skunks in Colorado have become infected, which has resulted in an increased infection rate and risk of infection to livestock and horses.
CSU veterinarians recommend horses and livestock, particularly pet livestock such as horses, llamas and alpacas, be vaccinated once a year, and also recommend vaccination of commercial production livestock in locations where there is high skunk activity.
"While livestock or horses contracting rabies is still uncommon in Colorado, it is extremely important - now more than ever - to work to prevent animals from contracting the disease," said Dr. Bruce Connally, a veterinarian with Colorado State University's equine section. "It's important because, if an animal is exposed to rabies, the symptoms can be difficult to distinguish from other illnesses, and while it is being diagnosed, the animal and people exposed to it are at risk of contracting the disease."
Wounds from a rabid skunk bite may not be visible or easy to detect on livestock or horses, and symptoms of rabies mimic other more common illnesses and could be confused with regular colic or a foot or leg injury.
Rabies also can enter the body through cuts or scratches and can be spread to people through contact with saliva or bodily fluids.
"A rabies bite to an animal that has not been vaccinated is invariably fatal," Connally said. "The animals -- horses and livestock -- will die. If you value them, invest in a vaccine."
Cases of rabid skunks biting horses or livestock have to date been limited to the area near south Denver and the eastern plains. However, due to the continued spread of the disease in skunks, it is important for anyone in Colorado to vaccinate animals that could be exposed.
Vaccines range in price for different animals. Cattle vaccines are available for less than $5 each, and horse vaccines range from $10 to $15, depending upon the number of animals vaccinated. Rabies vaccinations last for a year. | <urn:uuid:d8e62473-0489-4dc8-93e1-de4a3d3ce99f> | {
"date": "2014-04-24T12:06:17",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-15",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206120.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00507-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9599497318267822,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 487,
"url": "http://www1.koaa.com/news/csu-vets-say-all-livestock-should-get-rabies-vaccine/"
} |
The environmental issues that we deal with aren’t always discussed as we have conversations about justice, but this Earth Day, we need to pay attention to how our zip code impacts our overall health and quality of life.
A few weeks ago, I joked on Instagram that it was time for people to get right with God. While the concept itself is not necessarily a joke, the reference being made was to the fact that on that particular Sunday it was 62 degrees in Washington, D.C. and the next day they were predicting snow. It’s been a common occurrence, especially this past winter, with wild weather and related occurrences happening throughout the world. The culprit is climate change, but it doesn’t affect everyone equally.
We know that place matters. Where you live, what your zip code is affects many things that you deal with from education, healthcare, transportation, access to social services and many other issues. But what isn’t always discussed is how your zip code impacts your health and quality of life because of environmental factors like waste disposal, energy production facility placement, locations of highways and transportation hubs and more.
My zip code growing up was 08105 – East Camden, N.J. The impacts of the environment there included lead paint, excessive dust and allergens and pesticides, among others. My sister had asthma and I developed it by age 12. My dad and I both had allergies that were incessantly aggravated but when we moved out of Camden, they lessened considerably. When I lived in New York, my zip code was 10030 – Harlem. There, I interacted with several bus depots, and the smog created by them would fill the air.
It’s issues like these that we need to not only pay more attention to, but demand justice for. Environment justice isn’t exactly a new idea, but it’s one that people don’t always understand when they are demanding justice within their communities. It affects overall quality of life and is intertwined with so many other issues that we have to focus on it more. If a child develops severe asthma that causes her to miss multiple days of school, overall, that impacts her education. Her family, which is likely already struggling, now has added medical bills and her mother has to work extra hours in order to buy her medicine. The impacts of the mother being away from the home are felt by the family in many ways that we can all imagine.
Earth Day is April 22. On this day, let’s not think of what we imagine environmental activists to be, let’s lift up the mantle of environmental justice and demand better from our government. The president has already created a climate action plan. It’s our turn to take that plan and make sure it’s implemented by state and local elected officials in communities across the country. We already know place matters, now it’s time to show that it matters to us.
RELATED STORY: Being My Brother’s Keeper
Janaye Ingram is the Acting National Executive Director of the National Action Network. | <urn:uuid:dd4de407-2021-4ad3-bdbc-baf55e39a2e0> | {
"date": "2018-01-21T18:35:57",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890823.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121175418-20180121195418-00256.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9759719967842102,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 632,
"url": "https://chicagodefender.com/2014/04/21/earth-day-2014-why-your-zip-code-matters/"
} |
July 15, 1999 Ted K., the CIA & LSD
It turns out that Theodore Kaczynski, a.k.a. the Unabomber, was a volunteer in mind-control experiments sponsored by the CIA at Harvard in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Michael Mello, author of the recently published book, “The United States of America vs. Theodore John Kaczynski,” notes that at some point in his Harvard years–1958 to 1962–Kaczynski agreed to be the subject of “a psychological experiment.” Mello identifies the chief researcher for these only as a lieutenant colonel in World War II, working for the CIA’s predecessor organization, the Office of Strategic Services. In fact, the man experimenting on the young Kaczynski was Dr. Henry Murray, who died in 1988.
Murray became preoccupied by psychoanalysis in the 1920s, drawn to it through a fascination with Herman Melville’s “Moby Dick,” which he gave to Sigmund Freud, who duly made the excited diagnosis that the whale was a father figure. After spending the 1930s developing personality theory, Murray was recruited to the OSS at the start of the war, applying his theories to the selection of agents and also presumably to interrogation.
As chairman of the Department of Social Relations at Harvard, Murray zealously prosecuted the CIA’s efforts to carry forward experiments in mind control conducted by Nazi doctors in the concentration camps. The overall program was under the control of the late Sidney Gottlieb, head of the CIA’s technical services division. Just as Harvard students were fed doses of LSD, psilocybin and other potions, so too were prisoners and many unwitting guinea pigs.
Sometimes the results were disastrous. A dram of LSD fed by Gottlieb himself to an unwitting U.S. army officer, Frank Olson, plunged Olson into escalating psychotic episodes, which culminated in Olson’s fatal descent from an upper window in the Statler-Hilton in New York. Gottlieb was the object of a lawsuit not only by Olson’s children but also by the sister of another man, Stanley Milton Glickman, whose life had disintegrated into psychosis after being unwittingly given a dose of LSD by Gottlieb.
What did Murray give Kaczynski? Did the experiment’s long-term effects help tilt him into the Unabomber’s homicidal rampages? The CIA’s mind experiment program was vast. How many other human time bombs were thus primed? How many of them have exploded?
There are other human time bombs, primed in haste, ignorance or indifference to long-term consequences. Amid all the finger-pointing to causes prompting the recent wave of schoolyard killings, not nearly enough clamor has been raised about the fact that many of these teenagers suddenly exploding into mania were on a regimen of antidepressants. Eric Harris, one of the shooters at Columbine, was on Luvox. Kip Kinkel, who killed his parents and two students in Oregon, was on Prozac.
There are a number of other instances. Apropos possible linkage, Dr. Peter Breggin, author of books on Prozac and Ritalin, has said, “I have no doubt that Prozac can contribute to violence and suicide. I’ve seen many cases. In the recent clinical trial, 6% of the children became psychotic on Prozac. And manic psychosis can lead to violence.”
A 15-year-old girl attending a ritzy liberal arts school in the Northeast told us that 80% of the kids in her class were on Prozac, Ritalin or Dexedrine. The pretext used by the school authorities is attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, with a diagnosis made on the basis of questions such as: “Do you find yourself daydreaming or looking out the window?”
Ritalin is being given to about 2 million American schoolchildren. A 1986 article by Richard Scarnati in the International Journal of the Addictions lists more than a hundred adverse reactions to Ritalin, including paranoid delusions, paranoid psychosis, amphetamine-like psychosis and terror.
Meanwhile, uncertainty reigns on the precise nature of the complaint that Ritalin is supposed to be treating. One panel reviewing the proceedings at a conference on ADHD last year even doubted whether the disorder is a “valid” diagnosis of a broad range of children’s behavior, and said there was little evidence Ritalin did any good. In 1996, the Drug Enforcement Administration denounced the use of Ritalin and concluded that “the dramatic increase in the use of [Ritalin] in the 1990s should be viewed as a marker or warning to society.”
Indeed. Land mines now litter the terrain of our society, waiting to explode. CP | <urn:uuid:fac1f469-2b6c-44bd-be10-c7a162deb665> | {
"date": "2019-09-15T07:07:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514570740.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915052433-20190915074433-00056.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9643834829330444,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 1021,
"url": "https://www.counterpunch.org/1999/07/15/ted-k-the-cia-lsd/print/"
} |
ASR Reference Center
Welcome to the ASR Reference Center! This Reference Center was developed to provide users with access to pertinent information related to alkali-silica reactivity (ASR). The Reference Center has been organized for quick and easy access to various resources, and will be updated regularly to ensure that the most up-to-date information is available. Information that can be found on the Reference Center includes research reports, guidance documents, specifications related to ASR, field trials reports, and helpful links.
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a materials related distress that has resulted in the premature deterioration of concrete structures throughout the world, including bridges, dams, and pavements. ASR is caused by the reaction between alkali hydroxyl ions in portland cement and certain siliceous minerals found in some aggregates. When moisture is introduced, the product of this reaction is a gel that surrounds the aggregate within the concrete matrix. The gel expands and often leads to significant expansion and cracking, leading to a reduction in the service life of the structure.
- Case Studies
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of ASR
- FHWA ASR Development and Deployment Program
- Laboratory Research
- Overview of ASR
- Prevention and Mitigation
Do you have some information that you would like to see on the Reference Center? Email Gina Ahlstrom at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:e652f665-1a80-42cd-b6b7-44b2b21972a1> | {
"date": "2016-02-11T00:27:01",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701160918.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193920-00210-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9173559546470642,
"score": 2.578125,
"token_count": 293,
"url": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/asr/reference.cfm"
} |
If you're a golf fan, you've likely heard plenty of discussion over the past several years about wedge grooves, USGA groove rules, and golf ball spin. But how do grooves really work, and what can you do to improve performance with your wedges?
To start with, let’s look at a simulation of a golf ball impacting a wedge groove. The following image was generated using finite element analysis (FEA for short). FEA is a computational tool used in the golf industry to predict outcomes of high speed golf impacts.
The image above is a magnified look at the golf ball cover and wedge groove during impact. Interestingly, the golf ball cover material only slightly conforms to the groove shape. The top edges of the groove dominate contact while the remainder of the groove volume appears to be underutilized.
So why are grooves so deep if only the top edge is useful?
The answer is that the rest of the groove exists to make sure the top edges can do their job. During a round of golf, you may find yourself hitting from a variety of places, including fairways, bunkers or rough. Additionally, extra moisture may be present from dew, sprinklers, rain etc. All of those elements can and do come in between the club and ball during impact. To combat this, golf engineers design a place for that material to go in the form of grooves. At high speeds, grass, sand, water and other debris compress into the grooves, keeping the valuable groove edges free to impact the ball. Without grooves, all of that foreign material covers the groove edges and robs you of spin and performance. So even though you may end up with grooves filled with dirt and grass after a swing, you also probably ended up with a shot that flew nice and straight with a lot of spin.
How many grooves are actually used in a wedge shot?
A second FEA simulation below shows the imprint of the ball (red dot) on the wedge face during a full swing impact.
Only 5-6 grooves of the wedge actually contact the ball on a full shot. That’s it! If several of those grooves are dirty, spin generation can be reduced by 50% or more. That can mean the difference between a wedge shot backing up or releasing forward, or a ball staying on the green or rolling off the back. For this reason, better players will clean their wedges after every shot. Next time you’re watching golf on tv, take notice of the caddy wiping down the club with a wet towel. Pros spend too much time on their game to be undone by dirty wedge grooves!
Hopefully it is now clear how important grooves are to your wedge game. So if you don’t already, try to keep your wedges and grooves clean during your round. You’re sure to experience greater spin, better performance and more game enjoyment!
Article written by: Tim Beno, Sr. Research Engineer | <urn:uuid:9bc2059b-90a1-4108-87c7-2b244df38c28> | {
"date": "2014-08-23T01:41:04",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500824990.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021344-00430-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9326273798942566,
"score": 2.765625,
"token_count": 618,
"url": "http://www.cobragolf.com/tour-blog/according-to-rd-in-the-groove/"
} |
Genus: Pansy Viola Photo/Illustration: Michelle Gervais Pansy (Viola) vy-OH-lah Synonyms: Erpetion Violaceae Viola is a large genus of 500 or so species of annuals, biennials, perennials, and subshrubs from temperate areas worldwide. Violas are grown primarily for their 5-petaled flowers in every color of the rainbow. Flowers have a spurred lower petal, 2 upper petals, and 2 lateral petals. Most cultivars are classified as garden pansies, violas, or violettas, differing in habit, flower characteristics, and cultivation requirements. The Viola genus is useful in containers, as bedding, in a rock garden, or in a border. Noteworthy characteristics: Profuse flowers over long periods. Care: Full sun to part shade. Grow in fertile, humusy, moist but well-drained soil. Rock garden plants can grow in poor soil but they need gritty, very well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly. Propagation: Some species can be propagated by division. Take cuttings of perennial species in spring or late summer. Sow seed in a cold frame in spring or when ripe. For garden pansies, sow seed in late winter for early spring-summer flowering, or in summer for winter flowering. Many species are short-lived, so start new plants regularly. Problems: Slugs, snails, aphids, and violet leaf midges commonly munch on plants. <em>Violas</em> are also prone to mosaic viruses, downy mildew, powdery mildew, crown and root rot, rust, Botrytis, spot anthracnose, and other fungal leaf spots. Species, varieties and clutivars for genus Viola 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Heartsease Viola tricolor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Cool Wave Berries 'N Cream trailing pansy Viola x wittrockiana Cool Wave® Berries 'N Cream trailing pansy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Viola ‘Etain’ View the discussion thread. | <urn:uuid:facd1d59-dd7e-4da3-92e4-8d13389956f2> | {
"date": "2017-01-20T20:04:38",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-04",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00156-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8527957201004028,
"score": 3.1875,
"token_count": 461,
"url": "http://www.finegardening.com/pansy-viola"
} |
A Proton-M rocket crashed headlong into the ground shortly after take off on July 2. According to independent website Russian Space Web, which has been monitoring Russian media since the crash, reports that crash investigators examining the wreckage had found the angular velocity sensors had been installed the wrong way up.
According to the website, the sensors are marked with an arrow which is supposed to point upwards. However, several sensors were found among the wreckage were found to be pointing the other way. It’s thought that the signals picked up by the wrongly installed sensors threw the rocket’s flight control system into disarray, causing the rocket to turn upside down shortly after take off, and crash roughly a kilometer from the launchpad…
The crash, which reportedly caused a crater up to 200 m (650 ft) across, posed a significant risk as it failed to clear the launch complex at Baikonur in Kazakhstan. However, no one was hurt as a result of the crash.
The question isn’t one of stupidity – but ignorance. Any number of engineering firms, research projects, realized long ago that the best way to prevent human error like this is to design every component so they only fit into place when installed correctly. Apparently no one notified the Russian Space Agency. | <urn:uuid:75f1861e-3486-4cc8-b67d-40ce14c0e379> | {
"date": "2015-08-27T20:47:12",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644059455.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025419-00056-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9797940254211426,
"score": 2.953125,
"token_count": 260,
"url": "http://eideard.com/2013/07/13/dumbest-engineers-of-the-year/"
} |
Happy Friday! The last two weeks I shared sight word readers for the words “one” and “two”. Today I’m sharing my set of sight word readers for the word “three”.
- The Number Three
- The Three Pigs
- The Three Bears
Each of these sight word readers focus on the word “three”. They also mostly use words that were learned in previous sight word readers. The child can also use the pictures to help them read the sentences. You may have to help them with words that are not sight words. Encourage your child to sound out words, if they can! I found it hard to retell the classic fairytales using just sight words. So the stories are very abbreviated and you may need to help your child read the “extra” words.
You can download the FREE sight word readers here —> Sight Word Reader- three
Find all the sight word readers in my collection HERE.
If you want to print these without color, make sure to select “print in greyscale” on the print menu.
After printing, cut out the pages and staple them together. Enjoy reading with your little one!! | <urn:uuid:8aa4c7d0-098e-4cdd-a1e8-71ed0f90a41b> | {
"date": "2017-05-25T03:01:58",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607963.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525025250-20170525045250-00247.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9342178106307983,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 253,
"url": "http://teachingmama.org/sight-word-readers-word-three/"
} |
Currently the OER World Map provides databases for organisations, persons, services, projects and events. More than 650 organisations and 320 services (e.g. OER repositories, MOOC) are included. These can be filtered according to different criteria including subject, level of education, language, license and country. While each database provides special value of its own, the World Map allows to interlink different entries with another very easily, which enables the platform to provide the hitherto most comprehensive, precise and reliable picture of the global OER ecosystem. While each database provides special value of its own, the World Map allows to interlink different entries with one another very easily, which enables the platform to provide the hitherto most comprehensive, precise and reliable picture of the global OER ecosystem.
The apparently neutral act of presenting data on a map has subterranean political dimensions. The radical geography movement of the 1970s and 1980s challenged the positivist assumptions of cartography, arguing that maps often reflect implicit power structures and values, and thus the orientation they provide is rarely neutral. This presentation of the OER World Map project explores these issues in the context of the most advanced OER mapping project. Crucially, the empowerment and supported autonomy of practitioners must be supported through both design and community activity
The presentation will include the following:
- An exploration of the challenges encountered in developing the OER World Map (such as deciding what data to include/exclude and how to best present this)
- A description of the OER Infostelle project in Germany. This is the first example of a government funding data collection for the OER World Map. If successful, this might become a good practice example to be rolled out to other countries.
- The OER Atlas 2016: A printed report including data on OER from German speaking Countries, which has been developed in cooperation with the OERde Festival (Neumann, 2016))
- An overview of how the tools we have developed should be of interest to educational policymakers, including integration of the Creative Commons policy registry and linking this data to people, initiatives and outcomes
- Reflections on the approach taken to community engagement and empowerment
Amiel, T., Soares T., & Ochoa X. (2015). Creating a map for OER initiatives in Latin America. LACLO 2014. http://laclo.org/papers/index.php/laclo/article/download/286/268
D’Antoni, S. (2013). (2013). A world map of Open Educational Resources initiatives: Can the global OER community design and build it together? Summary report of an international conversation: 12–30 November 2012.
Neumann, J. (2016) The German speaking OER landscape in numbers. OER World Map. https://oerworldmap.wordpress.com/2016/03/18/the-german-speaking-oer-landscape-in-numbers/
Neumann, J. & Farrow, R. (2016). The OER World Map Project- Building an ‘Open Operations Room’ for the OER Community. 13th Annual Open Education Conference, Richmond, VA. https://openeducation2016.sched.org/event/7loj/the-oer-world-map-project-building-an-open-operations-room-for-the-oer-community | <urn:uuid:98954c65-2053-4b08-b678-828ec4fe40b4> | {
"date": "2018-07-18T08:48:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590074.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718080513-20180718100513-00576.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8794455528259277,
"score": 2.828125,
"token_count": 700,
"url": "https://oer17.oerconf.org/sessions/building-communities-and-supporting-practitioner-autonomy-through-mapping-the-world-of-oer-1568/"
} |
In the early 20th century, the average American medicine cabinet was a would-be poisoner's treasure chest, with radioactive radium, thallium, and morphine in everyday products. The pace of industrial innovation increased, but the scientific knowledge to detect and prevent crimes committed with these materials lagged behind until 1918. New York City's first scientifically trained medical examiner, Charles Norris, and his chief toxicologist, Alexander Gettler, turned forensic chemistry into a formidable science and set the standards for the rest of the country.
My American Experience
Radium used to be an ingredient in face creams. Thallium was in depilatory lotions. Arsenic was in rat poison -- until relatively recently! What chemical ingredients are in your household products? Share your story with American Experience! | <urn:uuid:ec1a6765-00d7-494d-89dc-dff68293ec8c> | {
"date": "2016-05-24T14:25:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049270798.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002110-00076-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9428898096084595,
"score": 3.125,
"token_count": 162,
"url": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/poisoners/?elqCampaignId=773"
} |
This study guide helps students and readers of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell To Arms better understand the novel. Included are summaries and analysis, character and thematic discussion, a user's forum where readers can discuss and ask questions, and much more. We even have an online store where you can purchase the novel, notes on the novel, and even the movie adaptation.
This section contains summaries and analysis of the novel.
Includes descriptions of all the main characters in the novel. Included are comments on their actions and involvement with theme.
This section attempts to explain the themes of the work.
Motifs and symbols used throughout the story are explained here.
Hemingway's use of style and structure in A Farewell To Arms is discussed.
These important quotes are key lines from the novel that convey theme.
Find the novel, study guides and more on Amazon. | <urn:uuid:937e2a6d-77bd-49af-8eed-75aea484d4af> | {
"date": "2015-08-31T15:16:43",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644066266.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025426-00230-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9359785914421082,
"score": 2.921875,
"token_count": 182,
"url": "https://www.homework-online.com/a-farewell-to-arms/index.html"
} |
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
Do you really want to delete this prezi?
Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Make your likes visible on Facebook?
Connect your Facebook account to Prezi and let your likes appear on your timeline.
You can change this under Settings & Account at any time.
Transcript of Expository Writing
Our goal this week is to learn about Expository Writing: what it is, why it is unique, and how we can use it to better our knowledge of the English language.
We will practice a few of these this quarter...
Newspaper articles, textbooks, recipes, and how-to guides are real life examples of expository writing.
The easiest to develop
Specific, concrete, carefully selected examples are important for good writing.
Best written in time order
The paragraph should begin with what materials to collect before the process begins
Next, it should describe the different steps involved in the process
In this paragraph, do not just define using the dictionary, but define using examples, synonyms, by stating what something is not, or by explaining the distinctions between similar terms or analogies.
Photo credits: 'horizon' by pierreyves @ flickr
The categories should be
in number (perhaps two or three) and must include everything in the group. Making a
might be the initial step in deciding what to classify. Once you have chosen what you will be classifying, you will select several
of each to include in the paragraph.
In this paragraph, each reason should be followed by a set of descriptive details and examples. Reasons are best placed in climatic order, least important to most important. Avoid sentences starting with "because" and "the reason is because"
There are 6 kinds of Expository Writing
2. How-to (or) Process
6. Compare & Contrast
Possible Topics: (1) dangerous animals
(2) useful inventions
(3) interesting places to visit
Useful transitions: (1) for example (4) another example
(2) in particular (5) the last example
(3) for instance
Possible Topics: (1) how to change a tire
(2) how to throw a football
(3) how to cook something
(4) how to tie your shoe
Useful transitions: (1) first, second, third... (5) after
(2) then (6) before
(3) next (7) to begin with
(4) also (8) finally
Possible Topics: (1) kinds of sports
(2) kinds of bugs
(3) TV shows
(4) rock bands
Useful Transitions: (1) the first, second, third
(2) one kind / another kind
(3) one type / another type
(4) the best / worst type
This paragraph is when you pick two subjects and write about how they are alike and how they are different. The organization of this paragraph depends on the topic and how much detail needs to be included to provide a sufficient explanation.
Possible Topics: (1) Why hiking is fun
(2) Traveling is fun
(3) Why you should go to Chicago
(4) The benefits of no-homework
Transitions: (1) one reason
(2) another reason
(3) the final reason
(4) the most important reason
Possible Topics: (1) Respect
(3) A friend
(4) A redneck
Fast Food Restaurant | <urn:uuid:ea3fec4d-fd86-4e7b-9b89-96f3d57a2574> | {
"date": "2017-09-20T05:06:53",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818686169.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920033426-20170920053426-00576.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.876343309879303,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 829,
"url": "https://prezi.com/apsb4cgynr84/expository-writing/"
} |
In this third paper on the ethnology of the Blackfoot Indians full recognition should again be given Mr. D. C. Duvall, with whose assistance the data were collected by the writer on a Museum expedition in 1906. Later, Mr. Duvall read the descriptive parts of the manuscript to well-informed Indians, recording their corrections and comments, the substance of which was incorporated in the final revision. Most of the data come from the Piegan division in Montana. For supplementary accounts of social customs the works of Henry 1Henry and Thompson. New Light on the Early History of the Great Northwest. Edited by Elliott Coues. New York, 1897. , Maximilian 2Maximilian, Prince of Wied. Early Western Travels, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Cleveland, 1906. , Grinnell 3Maclean, John. The Gesture Language of the Blackfeet. (Transactions, Canadian Institute, Vol. 5. Toronto, 1898); Maclean, John. Canadian Savage Folk. The Native Tribes of Canada. Toronto, 1896; Maclean, John. Social Organization of the Blackfoot Indians. (Transactions, Canadian Institute, Vol. 4, 1892-93. Toronto, 1895); Maclean, John. Blackfoot Amusements. (Scientific American Supplement, June 8, 1901, pp. 21276-7). , Maclean 4Grinnell, George Bird. Blackfoot Lodge Tales. New York, 1904. , and McClintock 5McClintock, Walter. The Old North Trail. London, 1910. are especially worthy of consideration.
Since Social Life of the Blackfoot Indians is an integral part of an ethnographic survey in the Missouri-Saskatchewan area some general statements seem permissible for there is even yet a deep interest in the order of social grouping in different parts of the world and its assumed relation with exogamy, to the current discussion of which our presentation of the Blackfoot band system may perhaps contribute. We believe the facts indicate these bands to be social groups, or units, frequently formed and even now taking shape by division, segregation and union, in the main a physical grouping of individuals in adjustment to sociological and economic conditions. The readiness with which a Blackfoot changes his band and the unstable character of the band name and above all the band’s obvious function as a social and political unit, make it appear that its somewhat uncertain exogamous character is a mere coincidence. A satisfactory comparative view of social organization in this area must await the accumulation of more detailed information than is now available. A brief resume may, however, serve to define some of the problems. Dr. Lowie’s investigation of the Assiniboine reveals band characteristics similar to those of the Blackfoot in so far as his informants gave evidence of no precise conscious relation between band affiliation and restrictions to marriage. The Gros Ventre, according to Kroeber, are composed of bands in which descent is paternal and marriage forbidden within the bands of one’s father and mother, which has the appearance of a mere blood restriction. The Arapaho bands, on the other hand, were merely divisions in which membership was inherited but did not affect marriage in any way. The Crow, however, have not only exogamous bands but phratries. The Teton-Dakota so far as our own information goes, are like the Assiniboine. For the Western Cree we lack definite information but such as we have indicates a simple family group and blood restrictions to marriage. The following statement by Henry may be noted: ” A Cree often finds difficulty in tracing out his grandfather, as they do not possess totems – that ready expedient among the Saulteurs. They have a certain way of distinguishing their families and tribes, but it is not nearly so accurate as that of the Saulteurs, and the second or third generation back seems often lost in oblivion.” On the west, the Nez Perce seem innocent of anything like clans or gentes. The Northern Shoshone seem not to have the formal bands of the Blackfoot and other tribes but to have recognized simple family groups. The clan-like organizations of the Ojibway, Winnebago and some other Siouan groups and also the Caddoan groups on the eastern and southern borders of our area serve to sharpen the differentiation.
Social Life of the Blackfoot Indians
- Blackfoot Amusements and Games
- Blackfoot Bands
- Blackfoot Birth Customs
- Blackfoot Care and Training of Children
- Blackfoot Courtship
- Blackfoot Death And Mourning
- Blackfoot Division of Labor
- Blackfoot Divorce
- Blackfoot Etiquette
- Blackfoot Family Relationship Terms
- Blackfoot Gambling
- Blackfoot Heraldry And Picture Writing
- Blackfoot Marriage and Its Obligations
- Blackfoot Names
- Blackfoot Oaths
- Blackfoot Property Rights
- Blackfoot Tales Of Adventure
- Blackfoot Tribal Divisions
- Blackfoot Tribal Organization and Control
- The Blackfoot Mother-in-Law Taboo
- The Way Blackfoot Reckon Time
Introduction to Social Life of the Blackfoot Indians
The names of Blackfoot bands are not animal terms but characterizations in no wise different from tribal names. Those of the Assiniboine, Gros Ventre, Arapaho, Cheyenne, and Teton-Dakota are, so far as reported, essentially of the same class. It seems then that the name system for these bands is the same among these neighboring tribes of the area and that it is an integral part of the whole system of nomenclature for groups of individuals. This may be of no particular significance, yet it is difficult to see in it the earmarks of a broken-down clan organization; it looks for all the world like an economic or physical grouping of a growing population.
We have seen in the Blackfoot system the suggestion that the band circle or camp circle organization is in function a political and ceremonial adjunct and that the exogamous aspects of these bands were accidental. So far as we know this holds to a degree for other tribes using the band circle.
It seems probable that many discussions of social phenomena could be expedited if clear distinctions were established between what is conventional and what is the result of specific functions and adaptations. Unfortunately, our ignorance of the processes involved and their seeming illusiveness of apprehension make such a result well-nigh hopeless. By the large, conventional things, or customs, appear to be products of ideation or thinking. Now a band circle is clearly a scheme, a conception, that may well have originated within the mental activities of a single individual, a true psychic accident. Indeed this is precisely what conventions seem to be customs, procedures or orders that happen to become fixed. A band, on the other hand, is not so easily disposed of. The name itself implies some-thing instinctive or physical, as a flock, a grove, etc. Something like this is seen in the ethnic grouping of the Dakota since we have the main group composed of two large divisions in one of which is the Teton, this again sub-divided among which we find the Ogalalla, and this in turn divided into camps, etc. Though detected by conventionalities of language this dividing and diffusing is largely physical, or at least an organic adjustment to environment. Then among the Ojibway we have a population widely scattered in physical groups but over and above all, seemingly independent, a clan system; the latter is certainly conventional, but the former, not. Now the Blackfoot band seems in genesis very much of a combined instinctive and physical grouping, in so far as it is largely a sexual group and adapted to economic conditions. In its relation to the band system of government and its exogamous tendency it is clearly conventional. What may be termed the conventional band system consists in a scheme for the tribal group designated as a band circle. This scheme once in force would perpetuate the band names and distinctions in the face of re-groupings for physical and economic reasons. Something like this has been reported for the Cheyenne who have practically the same band scheme but live in camps or physical groups not coincident with the band grouping, hence, their band was predominating conventional. The following statement of the Arapaho, if we read correctly, is in line with this: “When the bands were separate, the people in each camped promiscuously and without order. When the whole tribe was together, it camped in a circle that had an opening to the east. The members of each band then camped in one place in a circle.” All this in turn seems to support the interpretation that the band circle system is merely a conventionalized scheme of tribal government. We have noted that among the Blackfoot the tribal governments are so associated with the band circles that they exist only potentially until the camps are formed; at other times each band is a law unto itself. So far as our data go something like this holds in part at least, for the neighboring tribes. As a hypothesis, then, for further consideration we may state that the band circles and the bands are the objective forms of a type of tribal government almost peculiar to this area, an organization of units not to be confused with the more social clans and gentes of other tribes to which they bear a superficial resemblance. In closing, we may remark that exogamy is often but a rule for marriage respecting some conventional groupings. The Blackfoot appear to have paused at the very threshold of such a ruling for their bands.
Footnotes: [ + ]
|1.||↩||Henry and Thompson. New Light on the Early History of the Great Northwest. Edited by Elliott Coues. New York, 1897.|
|2.||↩||Maximilian, Prince of Wied. Early Western Travels, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Cleveland, 1906.|
|3.||↩||Maclean, John. The Gesture Language of the Blackfeet. (Transactions, Canadian Institute, Vol. 5. Toronto, 1898); Maclean, John. Canadian Savage Folk. The Native Tribes of Canada. Toronto, 1896; Maclean, John. Social Organization of the Blackfoot Indians. (Transactions, Canadian Institute, Vol. 4, 1892-93. Toronto, 1895); Maclean, John. Blackfoot Amusements. (Scientific American Supplement, June 8, 1901, pp. 21276-7).|
|4.||↩||Grinnell, George Bird. Blackfoot Lodge Tales. New York, 1904.|
|5.||↩||McClintock, Walter. The Old North Trail. London, 1910.| | <urn:uuid:9d55399c-1f90-4249-806c-7c0c9e88bd08> | {
"date": "2017-09-23T12:46:55",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689661.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923123156-20170923143156-00176.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9389737844467163,
"score": 2.75,
"token_count": 2247,
"url": "https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/social-life-of-the-blackfoot-indians.htm"
} |
I got lucky on this one. The question was a gimme for me... I specifically remember it because I've actually visited the BAY OF FUNDY in Nova Scotia.
I could immediately relate to the question because the Bay has huge tidal shifts due to it's LONG conical shape. As the Bay narrows, the amount of water being forced into the narrowing passage causes the 40ft+ tidal shift.
I really didn't pay attention to the usage or misusage of the affect/effect wording. I just looked for the answer that I knew to be true.
I suspect that many LSAT takers run across questions where personal knowledge of a subject helps narrow the choices in a question.
I guess this one helps make up for that D*MN nerve-growth RC passage!!
I think that everyone went psycho over section B, question 1. The question read as follows:
The tidal range at a particular location is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tidal studies have shown that one of the greatest tidal ranges in the worl is found in the Bay of Fundy and reaches more than seventeen meters. Since the only forces involved in inducing the tides are the sun's and moon's gravity, the magnitudes of tidal ranges also must be explained entirely by gravitational forces.
The answer choice that was the topic of this whole affect/effect reads as follows:
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning above?
B) It fails to consider that the size of a tidal range could be affected by the conditions in which gravitational forces act. | <urn:uuid:2299909f-94d1-433d-a591-d2495053f983> | {
"date": "2016-05-28T06:04:24",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277313.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00051-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9652343392372131,
"score": 3.03125,
"token_count": 327,
"url": "http://www.lawschooldiscussion.org/index.php?action=profile;u=3363;area=showposts;start=90"
} |
Under The Weather? Running Fever? We Have The Perfect List Of Foods To Eat And Avoid During Fever
Diet for high fever: Fever is not a disease by itself, but a symptom produced in response to an inflammation or infection. Read here to know foods to eat and avoid in case of high fever.
Diet for fever: You should eat foods which are easy to digest during high fever
- Include plenty of probiotics in your diet during fever
- Avoid raw vegetables during fever
- You should eat Vitamin C rich foods during high fever
Fever is an elevation of body temperature above normal. Fever is not a disease by itself, but a symptom produced in response to an inflammation or infection caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses etc. Fevers may be acute or chronic. Chronic fevers are low-grade long duration fevers like tuberculosis. Acute fevers last for a shorter duration but the body temperature is high. For example, influenza, chicken pox, typhoid, malaria etc. The monsoon season brings with itself a number of acute fevers like influenza, the common viral fever and the more dreaded ones like dengue, chikungunya, foot & mouth disease etc.
For every 1degree F rise in body temperature, the metabolic rate increases by 7%. Hence the energy requirement is high. Also, the body is in a catabolic state, leading to breakdown of tissues. Besides fluid, there is loss of minerals too. To compound the situation, fevers are associated with poor appetite which further compromises nutritional status.
Thus, fevers and malnutrition form a vicious cycle; malnutrition increases the vulnerability to infection by compromising the immune system, and infections further deteriorate nutritional status.
Key nutrients required for an efficient immune response include protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, iron, vitamin D, selenium, vitamin B6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Supplements of these nutrients may be given as the diet may not be able to meet the increased nutrient requirements in lieu of poor appetite, increased losses and poor absorption.
1. Since the body is in a catabolic state, protein intake should be increased to minimize tissue breakdown. Proteins of high biological value such as eggs, milk, curd, paneer, soft cheese, cereal-pulse combinations should be taken. However, milk may have to be avoided in case there is diarrhea.
2. Include plenty of probiotics, as antibiotics destroy the gut microflora and wreak havoc on your digestion. Curd can easily be your best bet, being an abundant source of probiotics. You may also require probiotic supplements.
3. High fiber foods like whole wheat may have to be avoided in case of diarrhea. The high calorie requirement can be met by including rice, khichadi, suji upma, idli, chila, poha etc.
4. Choose fresh seasonal fruit rich in vitamin C, which is a strong antioxidant and strengthens immunity. Remove peels if you have diarrhea or gastric trouble.
5. Avoid eating raw vegetables as they are hard to digest and can increase risk of further infection. Prefer to eat well cooked veggies, soups, vegetable purees or boiled leafy greens.
6. Hydrate yourself well with electrolytes to prevent dehydration and further complications. Include plenty of fluids like clear soups, nariyal pani, nimboo pani, chicken broth, weak teas, herbal teas, buttermilk, namkeen lassi etc. These help to restore the electrolyte balance and replenish the lost minerals.
7. Easily digestible fats like butter, full fat milk, and whole egg may be included.
8. The diet should be preferably soft and easy to digest and shouldn't burden the digestive system. Start with a soft diet by including soups, broths, khichadi, porridge, daliya, vegetable oats, upma, poha, dal-chawal, curd.
9. Take small and frequent meals instead of taking three large meals that are difficult to digest.
10. Steer clear of colas, carbonated drinks, caffeine, unpasteurized milk, alcohol, tobacco, red meats, shellfish, packed juices, fried fatty foods like samosas, pakoras etc, chemical irritants like spices, condiments, pickles, chutneys, creamy soups, pastries/ cakes etc.
Most importantly, do not try to treat fevers on your own by popping pills. Do visit your doctor, watch out for new symptoms and conduct necessary investigations too.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. NDTV is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information on this article. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The information, facts or opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.
DoctorNDTV is the one stop site for all your health needs providing the most credible health information, health news and tips with expert advice on healthy living, diet plans, informative videos etc. You can get the most relevant and accurate info you need about health problems like diabetes, cancer, pregnancy, HIV and AIDS, weight loss and many other lifestyle diseases. We have a panel of over 350 experts who help us develop content by giving their valuable inputs and bringing to us the latest in the world of healthcare. | <urn:uuid:efecd157-6d60-430c-bb85-6a30fd755b0b> | {
"date": "2018-11-16T08:42:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742981.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116070420-20181116092420-00336.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9129428267478943,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 1141,
"url": "https://doctor.ndtv.com/living-healthy/diet-for-fever-foods-to-eat-and-avoid-during-high-fever-1910106"
} |
Hydrogen is one of the highest-volume gases consumed by the heat-treat industry and is used for a broad range of process applications because of its unique chemical and physical properties (Table 1). Examples include annealing, brazing, metal injection molding, sintering and welding operations as both a protective and reducing atmosphere for steel and stainless steels. In general, processing of stainless steels requires a higher purity level than carbon steel, in which the atmosphere is often a blend (e.g., nitrogen/hydrogen) or gas dilution (e.g., endothermic/nitrogen).
A number of production methods exist for generating hydrogen. These include steam reforming (i.e., collection and extraction of hydrogen from carbon-based fuels), electrolysis and thermolysis (both of which extract hydrogen from water molecules). On-site hydrogen-generation systems are a popular choice for the heat-treatment industry and include methods such as water electrolysis, which matches typical industry-required flowrate ranges and usage patterns.
Hydrogen can be as pure as 99.9995+% (or better). Traditionally, hydrogen has been purchased through large-scale reformers at or near the site of use or from industrial gas suppliers via truck delivery or dedicated pipeline to the site. Both approaches have advantages and drawbacks. Large-scale on-site generation provides a reliable supply of hydrogen. However, few heat-treating applications require hydrogen in such a large volume to justify the high capital expense of a conventional reforming generator, which is the technology most widely used in on-site applications. For most heat treaters, the only practical option has been to rely on delivered hydrogen, avoiding capital investment. The downside of this approach is typically higher total cost of hydrogen, delivery surcharges and the potential for supply disruptions.
With respect to electrolysis, three cell technologies are in use: solid-oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), alkaline electrolytic cells (AECs) operating at high electrolyte (KOH or K2CO3) concentrations and polymer electrolyte membrane cells (PEMs). SOECs operate at high temperature (typically at or near 800°C/1472°F), while AECs operate in the range of 200°C. By contrast, polymer electrolyte membrane cells (PEM) typically operate below 100°C.
On-Site Hydrogen Generation
For many heat treaters, systems employing PEMs are being used on-site to produce hydrogen from water by means of electrolysis (Fig. 1). The technology typically employs a platinum catalyst in combination with a membrane separator to split deionized water into its constituent parts (hydrogen and oxygen), and the hydrogen is sent off as a process gas. When a DC voltage is applied to the electolyzer, water molecules at the anode are oxidized to oxygen and protons (H+ ions) while electrons are released. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, where they combine with electrons from the other side of the circuit reducing to hydrogen gas (Fig. 2). Once generated, the hydrogen is dried and supplied to the desired process application. It is produced at the same rate that it is used, requiring no storage of hydrogen.
The need for hydrogen in the heat-treatment industry continues to grow, and on-site hydrogen production capability is an intriguing alternative that should be explored by heat treaters.
- Herring, Daniel H., Vacuum Heat Treatment, BNP Media Group, 2014.
- Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org)
- Wolff, David, “Advances in Water Electrolysis Creating New Hydrogen Capabilities,” Technical Presentation, Proton On-Site
- Harness, John, “On-Site Hydrogen Generation Can Benefit Heat Treaters,” Heat Treating Progress, September/October 2006
- Wolff, David, “Hydrogen Supply Methods for Heat Treating Operations,” Heat Treating Process, July/August 2006
- David Wolff, regional manager, Proton OnSite, technical contributions and private correspondence | <urn:uuid:eb33ad9c-1749-42ec-b356-18105d9c55fa> | {
"date": "2019-12-08T07:56:44",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540507109.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20191208072107-20191208100107-00496.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9094259142875671,
"score": 3.1875,
"token_count": 848,
"url": "https://www.industrialheating.com/blogs/14-industrial-heating-experts-speak-blog/post/92362-hydrogen-generation"
} |
Adams, Abigail (1744-1818)
Wife, Mother, Home-maker: Abigail Adams received no formal education, but was taught at home. Although she was never a published author, much of her private correspondence with her husband, John, and her many friends survives to this day, and represents the thoughts, attitudes, and lifestyles of at least some women during the Revolutionary Period. Like many women of her time and socio-economic status, Adams was concerned about the social and political issues of her day. Like her cousin, the historian Mercy Otis Warren, she felt that women were not given sufficient status and rights. Adams felt that girls should receive a formal education similar to boys, so that they could be prepared for their vital role as republican women. She was also an opponent of chattel slavery. Her husband. John Adams, was the first vice-president and the second president of the United States. Her son, John Quincy Adams, was the fifth president of the United States. Her grandson, Charles Francis Adams, published her letters in 1840. Died Oct. 28, 1818.
BURIED: First Unitarian Church | <urn:uuid:8f90adc4-81fe-46cc-adc0-a5933936d7a8> | {
"date": "2014-07-31T22:49:22",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-23",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510273676.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011753-00408-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9851565361022949,
"score": 3.09375,
"token_count": 236,
"url": "http://www.fold3.com/page/807_women_of_the_american_revolution/photos/10689464/"
} |
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
Do you really want to delete this prezi?
Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Make your likes visible on Facebook?
Connect your Facebook account to Prezi and let your likes appear on your timeline.
You can change this under Settings & Account at any time.
Antebellum Reform Movements
Transcript of Antebellum Reform Movements
Second Great Awakening. He made a religious reform movement, that was helped by his son Alexander
Campbell. That same movement
merged with the American
Restoration Movement. He talked about his believes on the Bible and the scriptures to the people. Thomas and his son made a group that called themselves the "Disciples of Christ". Antebellum Reform Movements Definition- To change something for the better or
to improve society and make life better Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucy Stone Women's Rights Susan B. Anthony Truth was a African-American women's rights activist. She made her famous speech "Ain't I a Woman?" at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention. She told her opinions about women without suffrage. Truth was embraced with her community with other women that were reformers. Stanton helped in the Seneca Falls Convection. She also helped make the Declaration of Sentiments. Anthony and her made the Revolution (a weekly paper). They formed the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA). She
was the 1st president for the NWSA organization. Then another suffrage group of formed that was called the NAWSA, which Stanton was a president for. By: Kristine Sidon Paul was not scared to do dramatic
tactics to express her feelings. She started out with the NAWSA, but was frustrated with the rules so she formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage with Lucy Burns. She added more rights for women to the U.S. Constitution. Alice Paul was so committed to get women equal rights she was arrested on several occasions. Anthony was and still is an honored women. She even had a portrait on dollar coins. Susan tried to speak out during a temperance convention and people didn't take her serious, that made her realize that no one would take a woman serious in politics if they couldn't vote. She started to travel and petition for women's rights ever since that moment. Stanton and Anthony made a weekly newspaper called The Revolution. They founded the NWSA in 1869. Anthony with the help of Stanton published volumes of History of Woman Suffrage. She met President Theodore Roosevelt to talk about an amendment that was for letting women vote. Goal:
Give women full equality like owning property and jobs. (starting with voting) Stone was a rebellious women. She was in the
Women's National Loyal League, the American Equal Rights Association, and the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association. She had a meeting for the first national Women's Rights Convention. Also she was the first woman from MA to earn a bachelor's degree. This was important because it showed more reform movements like temperance, anti slavery and how people should improve the society and make life better. | <urn:uuid:3ed299c0-f2d2-40a8-b1d7-1a60f351e088> | {
"date": "2017-01-17T09:27:43",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-04",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9743773937225342,
"score": 2.734375,
"token_count": 720,
"url": "https://prezi.com/fsyjjbltiqjp/antebellum-reform-movements/"
} |
To Whom Does the Land of Palestine Belong?
In January of 1997, an Israeli soldier opened fire on Arab civilians in the city of Hebron in occupied Palestine, killing some and wounding others. His motive was to prevent the return of Israeli-occupied lands to the Arabs.
This soldier was convinced that God has given the land of Palestine to the Jews, and that it would be a sin to return the land to the Arabs. Many evangelical Christians, while not condoning the soldier's act of killing Arabs, agree with him that the Jews have a divine title deed to Israel and that the land must not be given back to the Palestinians.
Christian Zionists who believe this way, when asked to cite a Biblical justification for their views, usually go all the way back to Genesis 12 and 13 in the Old Testament. Many such Zionists are dispensationalists, who teach that the Old Testament and the Law of Moses are not for today, and that only selected parts of the New Testament are to be followed in this dispensation. However, they never quote from the New Testament to justify their Zionist convictions, for the simple reason that no New Testament teaching exists that would possibly back up such beliefs.
Zionists prefer to rely on the Old Testament, citing Genesis 13:15 where God said to Abraham, "For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever." They construe this verse to teach that a large chunk of the Middle East still belongs to the Jews today, including the ancient lands of Edom and Moab, even though God said in Deuteronomy 2:5, 9 that He would never give those lands to the Jews.
Christian Zionists regard God's covenant with Abraham, including the land grant, as an unconditional covenant. They admit that the Jews have broken that covenant, and have rejected their Messiah, but insist that Palestine still belongs to the Jews because God gave it to them "forever." | <urn:uuid:a22dd840-8af5-4c07-a212-7d302308c9c0> | {
"date": "2014-10-21T02:32:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-42",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507443869.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005723-00218-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.956744372844696,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 403,
"url": "http://tvnewslies.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=7138"
} |
Write an imaginary letter from Robert Catesby to his proposed conspirators inviting them to the meeting in the Duck and Drake inn.
Outline your plan, describe the risks, but use your most persuasive arguments to get them to attend.
Complete a "similarities and differences" chart that compares the Gunpowder Plot to recent terrorist attacks on the West. Try to draw a clear conclusion.
Art and design
Design a poster inviting friends to a bonfire party. Include a list of safety rules for your guests. Produce invitations that include a menu of bonfire treats and describe the related activities that will take place. Use highlighting pens to produce colourful firework pictures.
Compare the effects on different backgrounds. Use the signature of Guy Fawkes as the basis of a repeating pattern Extend the patterns into the shapes produced by exploding fireworks.
Make your own miniature guy based on contemporary descriptions of Guy Fawkes. Use a range of textiles. Decide on some criteria (most historically accurate, most frightening, and so on, and hold a competition to decide which is the most effective.) | <urn:uuid:99f94dc3-3625-40bd-8fea-de1a8d941ce5> | {
"date": "2016-10-22T01:52:24",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-44",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.915025532245636,
"score": 3.515625,
"token_count": 220,
"url": "https://www.tes.com/news/tes-archive/tes-publication/primary-83"
} |
|Page tools: Print Page RSS Search this Product|
Australia’s balance on current account, recorded a deficit of $7,594m (original terms) in the June quarter 2002. For the period since the June quarter 1990, the highest deficit recorded was in the September quarter 1999, $10,371m. The current account deficit for 2001-02 was $22,212m.
Australia has had a current account deficit in most years. This indicates that the nation as a whole has been investing more overseas than is available from its saving. To fund this shortfall, Australia has had to acquire finance and other capital from non-residents. These capital and financial inflows are measured in the capital and financial account of the balance of payments. The balance on the capital and financial account in a period is, in principle, equal and offsetting to the deficit on the current account of the balance of payments in that period.
The continued financial account surpluses have contributed to increases in Australia’s net foreign equity liabilities and net foreign debt liabilities. Interest accruing on the net debt is the major cause of Australia’s large net income deficits, which represent a substantial component of Australia’s current account deficits.
The balance on current account is the sum of the balances on goods trade, services trade, income and current transfers. The balances are derived by summing credit entries, which are shown without sign, and debit entries, which have a negative sign. If the sum of the balances is negative, a nation has a current account deficit, otherwise a nation has a current account surplus.
The balance on current account consists of: | <urn:uuid:e50d8c26-9c46-41a5-9676-50b72f215ac4> | {
"date": "2017-08-21T14:22:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886108709.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821133645-20170821153645-00696.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9543498158454895,
"score": 3.0625,
"token_count": 337,
"url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Latestproducts/74633FA58AE158A1CA256CBF0017217E?opendocument"
} |
While stargazing is possible from most places in the world, a general rule of thumb to see as much as you can is to find a location as remote as possible from towns and cities while the sky is clear of clouds. Rural environments don’t produce anywhere near as much smog and light pollution, which only gets in the way. In light of this guideline, we’ve compiled the planet’s most ideal locations to observe the night sky.
Warning: staring at the stars and planets billions of miles away for too long may elicit a strong feeling of one’s insignificance.
credit: Laiwan Ng
China might have the densest population on the planet now, but traditions of gazing at the stars go as far back as the 15th century. The Yangtze River valley possesses relatively clear skies night and day, and continues to be a favourite when watching the sunset and the stars appear.
The Sacramento Mountains in New Mexico, USA, are arid, high, and miles from any large civilization, making them an ideal spot for visiting astronomers. In fact, hotels situated high up in the mountains have a no-light policy to avoid obstructing stargazers. Mont Megantic, Canada, has been a popular attraction for amateur and veteran stargazers alike. The observatory there sits 3,650 ft. above sea level, while a ‘Dark Sky’ reserve is in effect extending many miles from this point.
credit: Martin Pettitt
A surprise to some, Britain has its fair share of locations to stargaze. First among them is Exmoor, which was granted International Dark Sky status in 2011. In terms of cloud cover and light pollution, Exmoor is regarded as the preferred location to see stars, just pipping Galloway Forest in Scotland. Brecon Beacons might just provide the clearest skies in Wales, in 2012 becoming just the fifth Dark Sky reserve in the UK.
credit: Claudia Regina
Rest of Europe
A mere 120 miles from the Arctic Circle is Kiruna in Sweden. It is also home to what will eventually be a spaceport, where the wealthy will one day embark on journeys taking place outside our atmosphere. Sightings of the Northern Lights are as common here as they are in Iceland. The Icelandic wilderness, particularly Hotel Rangá, prove popular destinations with tourists from around the world. There are other locations around Europe, such as Westhavelland Nature Park in northeast Germany, that make up the very small number of Dark Sky reserves on the continent.
credit: Matt Biddulph
There’s something terribly romantic about setting out on the flat savannah of Kruger National Park to view the Milky Way. Especially when the scene is backdropped by the silhouetted figures of elephants and giraffes around you. The Namib Desert in Namibia is not quite the same. With a clear 360-degree panorama of the horizon, the desert is thought to be the world’s oldest, and is a favourite with astronomers for it’s complete lack of light pollution, not to mention its complete lack of everything else.
If you aren’t lucky enough to reach the remote, dizzying heights of Mount Cook to observe what’s above, then Lake Tekapo will do the trick. Both destinations are encompassed by the Aoraki Mackenzie Dark Sky reserve, and are just as peaceful as other locations that are more remote. | <urn:uuid:9949db92-1681-4104-9945-9d7002762d90> | {
"date": "2017-03-30T00:56:45",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218191444.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212951-00201-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.945235550403595,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 713,
"url": "https://trulyexperiences.com/blog/2014/10/pictures-stargazing-locations-around-world/"
} |
Last Tuesday (18.09.12) a paper was published in PLOS ONE on the metriorhynchid crocodile Dakosaurus, resurrecting the name Plesiosuchus manselii for a large specimen that had been synonymised with Dakosaurus maximus in the late 19th Century (Lydekker 1888). There is not necessarily any reason that this name change would be picked up by popular science, but there are a number of implications made by the authors (Young et al. 2012 a) which made it incredibly interesting. So much so that when given the opportunity to blog on the same subject matter after Lorna Steel's (Young et al. 2012 b) talk at SVPCA Oxford I decided to hold back until the paper came out...
Metriorhynchid crocodiles were a group of thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs with a temporal range (time span) from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous. The group was made up of fully marine crocodiles which were highly specialized for their marine environment. Fossil evidence shows that much like other secondarily marine tetrapods (four legged land animals) [i.e. ichthyosaurs, whales and dolphins] metriorhynchids had tale flukes, like those of sharks. In addition to this clear specialization, the metriorhynchids had hydrofoil-like forelimbs, large salt-glands and lost their armoured plates. These animals filled several niches in the marine environment, they developed numerous cranial and dental morphologies and varied in size greatly. Within the Metriorhynchidae two major radiations are persistently recovered by cladistic analyses; the Metriorhynchinae and the Geosaurinae. The members of the Geosaurinae are usually interpreted as being super-predators and among them, Dakosaurus is interpreted by Young et al. (2012 a) to be macrophagous: "an animal that could feed upon prey items of similar body size" (Young et al. 2012 a). Plesiosuchus is also interpreted to be a macrophagous predator, but differences in anatomy and dental morphology led the authors to suggest a different niche for this creature and to reject Lydekker's (1888) assertions that Plesiosuchus was synonymous with Dakosaurus. This renewed view of diversity is supported by a cladistic analysis (fig. 26 Young et al. 2012 a) [Fig. 1].
|Fig. 1 (fig. 26 of Young et al. 2012) cladistic analysis of crocodylomorphs, showing Plesiosuchus (bold) separate from Dakosaurus (bold). Used with the permission of authors.|
By comparing Dakosaurus and Plesiosuchus with modern killer whales and false killer whales, the research team have suggested that the smaller Dakosaurus is a possible suction feeder, or predated upon abrasive prey such as sharks, whereas Plesiosuchus predated upon other large marine reptiles. This interpretation is supported by evidence of the animals relative size, their tooth wear and the maximum gape of their jaws. It seems that the smaller Dakosaurus (~4.5 m) could tear up its prey and was not limited on the size of the prey that it could capture and consume. Distinctive wear patterns on the mesial and distal carinae (front and back cutting edges) of the teeth show that the teeth were shearing, capable of ripping chunks of flesh off their prey. Whereas Plesiosuchus (~6.8 m) was rather more limited by the size of its head, making it more specialized, but nonetheless a large predator sharing affinities with killer whales, which eat other marine mammals. Either way, both would have been fearsome predators of the Late Jurassic seas. However, despite Dakosaurus' incredibly efficient bite, it seems that it may have fallen victim to the larger, veracious Plesiosuchus.
|Art work by Dmitry Bogdanov (fig. 30 of Young et al. 2012)|
The original paper
The NHM article
Lydekker, R. 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. London: British Museum of Natural History. 309 p.
Young, M.T. Brusatte, S.L. de Andrade, M.B. Desojo, J.B. Beatty, B.L. Steel, L. Fernández, M.S. Sakamoto, M. Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Schoch, R.R. 2012 a. The Cranial Osteology and Feeding Ecology of the Metriorhynchid Crocodylomorph Genera Dakosaurus and Plesiosuchus from the Late Jurassic of Europe. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44985. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044985
Young, M. Brusatte, S. de Andrade, M. Desojo, J. Beatty, B. Steel, L. Fernández, M. Sakamoto, M. Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. & Schoch, R. 2012 b. Comparative cranial osteology and feeding mechanics of two Late Jurassic macrophagous metriorhynchids from Europe. Programme and Abstracts, SVPCA, 60th Annual Symposium on Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy. p.22 | <urn:uuid:97a6aa51-52a7-4176-95e8-7aae4a8ac087> | {
"date": "2017-07-23T14:35:25",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424564.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723142634-20170723162634-00416.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9017274379730225,
"score": 3.21875,
"token_count": 1197,
"url": "http://mesozoicmonsters.blogspot.co.uk/2012/"
} |
|Two humpback whales feeding in Monterey Bay|
Whales, like humans, are mammals and must breathe air, right? Because we live on land, we don't have to worry about breathing when we sleep. But whales, how do they do this?
Scientists believe that whales don’t sleep at all like humans because they must “think” at all times about breathing.
“…unlike fish, whales do not have gills which fish use to extract oxygen from the water, so (whales) must come to the surface get their oxygen.”
“Depending on the species whales are able to hold their breath anywhere from 5 minutes to over an hour.” That means that whales are always aware of their breathing and need for oxygen.
So, whales must always think breathing—even when asleep—because if they ignore their need to surface and breathe, they would drown. This is called “conscious breathing.”
Fortunately, marine mammals have very special lungs. The can bring in more oxygen from the air than humans.
Learn more on Whale Facts. | <urn:uuid:5b6d3170-e6e8-48fe-94cb-8c035e849484> | {
"date": "2017-03-29T13:21:35",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190295.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00191-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9570205807685852,
"score": 3.765625,
"token_count": 229,
"url": "http://neptune911forkids.blogspot.com/2014/08/how-does-whale-sleep.html"
} |
"George Washington's Socks" by Elvira Woodruff was written in 1997 for young audiences; the book discusses the Revolutionary War using children as the main characters. The events, told from a child's point of view, help children relate to the story and understand what was happening during America's revolution against and subsequent independence from England.
Lake Levart is a fictional lake near the campsite of a group of friends. Their parents have warned them not to camp on the lake; however, these ominous warnings make the children curious and they walk to the lake at night. The lake, it turns out, is magic, and the children learn its charms when they get into a boat and begin to row.
The children are transported to the time of the Revolutionary War, encountering George Washington in a mysterious fog on the lake. Through their travels, they learn about the war including its causes, effects and result. They meet General Washington and become involved with a Revolutionary War camp.
Realities of War
The children learn the realities of war and its human costs; when soldiers do not return from the field, the children learn that war is a dangerous occupation. The children witness firsthand the effects of war on families as other children their age lose fathers. Through a gentle process, the author illustrates how war has negative effects despite its positive outcomes.
Elvira Woodruff uses historical accuracy to describe the events in the novel, as the story precisely discusses different battles and occurrences of the Revolutionary War.. Children interested in fantasy novels will encounter historical knowledge, and those interested in history will encounter fantasy elements in this cross-genre book.
- Jupiterimages/liquidlibrary/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:6a1a442d-bce3-4e09-afdf-b1f9fc4a4c32> | {
"date": "2017-01-18T05:52:55",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-04",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280239.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00496-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9534140825271606,
"score": 3.4375,
"token_count": 337,
"url": "http://entertainmentguide.local.com/summary-book-george-washingtons-socks-3500.html"
} |
With global fish stocks in decline, and the largest ocean trawlers moving further south to capture what remains, the icy waters off the coast of Chile have moved center stage in a debate over how to manage fisheries once thought inexhaustible.
Last December, the government passed a controversial fisheries law that awarded the largest share of the most lucrative fisheries, including jack mackerel and hake, to four conglomerates. This sparked outrage among artisan fishermen who say the law turns the country’s marine resources into a private oligopoly—a nautical version of Latin America's epic land inequality. And the admission by an industrial heavyweight that it paid thousands of dollars to a government official ahead of the vote, bolstered artisan claims of powerful business interests influencing political decisions. While the law contains notable environmental advances, such as a ban on trawling seamounts, critics say it fails to address endemic overfishing, jeopardizing the future of tens of thousands of artisan fishermen—a situation ripe for conflict.
This project explores Chile's social dysfunction as well as its declining fish populations, told through the lives of artisan fisherman whose livelihood is threatened amid the unbridled plunder of the ocean. | <urn:uuid:e2ffe912-2be5-4c3a-accd-00d914aeda20> | {
"date": "2017-04-23T17:49:48",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118740.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00174-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9260543584823608,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 239,
"url": "http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/chile-marine-resources-fishing-law-declining-fish-populations-overfishing"
} |
Study at home learning to become a Pharmacy Assistant.
If you want a career as a Pharmacy Assistant, our tutor supported open distance learning Pharmacy Assistant course provides the necessary knowledge, skills and qualification without disrupting your current lifestyle.
The DCA Home Learning Pharmacy Assistant course provides training in the core skills needed to embark on a rewarding career as a Pharmacy Assistant. The DCA supported self-study Pharmacy Assistant course is specially designed, allowing you to learn the skills of Pharmacy Assistance through flexible and cost-effective home study at your own time and pace.
With the DCA Home Learning Pharmacy Assistant course your Student Advisor is a Freephone call away. What's more, because the distance learning Pharmacy Assistant course is so comprehensive, no prior knowledge or skills are required. The DCA Pharmacy Assistant course provides an entry level diploma as proof our your competence and skills.
If you'd like to earn more money and enjoy working as a Pharmacy Assistant, the DCA home study course is the ideal distance learning training course for you.
Module 1 covers:
• The human body
• Cell structure
• Cellular metabolism and reproduction
• The anatomical terms used to refer to the body in terms of directions and geometric planes.
• Major cavities of the body and the organs they contain.
• Major functions of the four types of human tissue.
• Structure of an atom.
• Major chemical elements found in living systems.
• Chemical reactions and chemical structures that are relevant to the study of human physiology.
• Processes by which molecules are transported within and between cells.
• PH and its significance in the human body.
• Metabolism, Explain how other food components are used as energy sources.
• Structure and components of the DNA molecule.
• Stages in the cell cycle.
• Significance of mitosis and meiosis, and contrast the two processes.
• Classes of epithelial tissue.
• Functions of glands, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
• Main components of skin, and describe the layers of the epidermis.
• Functions and characteristics of skin,
• Anatomical parts of hair and nails.
Module 2 covers:
• The basic differences between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle
• Muscle tone and compare isotonic and isometric contractions
• Factors that cause muscles to malfunction
• The principal parts of the brain and their functions
• The autonomic nervous system and describe how it functions
• The basic anatomy of the sense organs and explain how they function
• Disorders of the nervous system and of the senses.
• Functions of hormones and classify their major chemical activities.
• The major hormones and their effects
• Functions of lymph and of the lymphatic system, and describe the flow of
• Lymph through the body
• Functions of the tonsils, the spleen, and the role of the thymus gland with regard to the lymphatic system
• Major digestive enzymes and how they function
• Functions of the liver
• Functions of the respiratory system and name the organs in the system
• Parts of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, and describe their functions
• Structure and function of the bronchial tree, lungs, and pleura
• Overall process of gas exchange that occurs during ventilation, external and internal respiration
• Components, structures, and functions of the kidneys and the other
• Components of the urinary system
Module 3 covers:
• Solve problems involving fractions, decimals, percents, and proportions linked to drugs.
• Name the various pharmaceutical preparations, and discuss their respective advantages.
• The factors influencing dosage, and understand the concept of units per millilitre.
• Interpret a medication order and prescription.
• Local and systemic effects, and the various methods of administering drugs for local and systemic effects.
• Safe administration of drugs, and identify reasons for errors in medication administration.
• Explain ways to properly dispose of tablets or capsules, liquid medications, and needles.
• Fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, and give examples of each.
• The symptoms of specific vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
• The role of antioxidants in nutrition and how nutrition can affect various bodily functions.
• Antibiotics, their general uses, and their serious side effects.
• Common antiparasitic and antiviral agents.
• The symptoms of an allergic reaction, and understand the role of histamines in allergic reactions.
• The antigen-antibody reaction and how it may cause allergic reactions, and help detect
• The symptoms of anaphylaxis.
• The effects of emollients, demulcents, keratolytics, acne preparations, and astringents on the skin.
• Agents used to treat fungal infections, and identify local anti-infectives.
• Drugs used to hasten the process of coagulation, and discuss the uses of anticoagulants.
• Drugs that affect the central nervous system.
• Drugs used to treat migraine headaches, epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,
• Drug groups that affect the digestive system.
• The different classes of diuretics and how they are used.
• Drugs to treat urinary tract infections
• Calculate a child's dose by applying the appropriate rule to the recommended adult dose
• Drugs that are potentiated in their effects when taken with alcohol.
• Identify drugs used to treat nicotine abuse.
Module 4 covers:
• The anatomy of the respiratory tract
• The clinical features of coughs, colds, sore throats and rhinitis
• The anatomy of the eye
• Various eye and eyelid disorders
• The symptoms of ear wax impaction and otitis externa
• The anatomy of the ear.
• The symptoms and causes of headaches, insomnia and nausea
• The various health conditions uniquely affecting women
• The conditions that could affect the GI tract
• Various skin disorders including psoriasis, scabies and acne
• The assessment process for dermatological conditions
• The symptoms and treatment related to head lice, threadworm, colic and fever in children
• An overview of conditions particularly prevalent in childhood
|This course has proved to be of great value in my chosen career. I have had the opportunity to train as a Pharmacy Dispenser and am about to start NVQ level 3 in Dispenser skills. I have made the right decision and love my job and studies. — Helen Parkins|
|Thank you for a great course. Really enjoyed it. I have been doing it whilst fighting throat cancer and it has given me something to fight for. It has certainly helped me take my mind of things. — Alison Rock| | <urn:uuid:60aba467-38b5-4060-be3d-207643c21a9f> | {
"date": "2015-11-30T06:09:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-48",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398461113.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205421-00352-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8959036469459534,
"score": 2.546875,
"token_count": 1409,
"url": "http://www.dcalearn.co.uk/Courses_UK/Pharmacy_Assistant/Outline.htm"
} |
Thinner girls may be at higher risk of breast cancer. Researchers writing in BioMed Central's open access journal Breast Cancer Research found that girls who were leaner at age seven were at higher risk of cancer later in life.
Jingmei Li worked with a team of researchers from the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, to study the relationships between childhood body size and tumour characteristics in a group of 2,818 Swedish breast cancer patients and 3,111 controls.
"Our main finding was that a large body type at age seven years was associated with a decreased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Although strongly associated with other known risk factors such as age of menarche, adult BMI and breast density, size at age seven years remained a significant protective factor after adjustment for these other issues," said Li.
Weight also influences tumour characteristics
Size at age seven was also found to determine tumour characteristics, in particular, oestrogen receptor status. A large body size at age seven was especially protective against oestrogen receptor negative tumours, which generally fare worse in terms of prognosis. The researchers' classification of childhood body size was derived from nine numbered pictograms ranging from very skinny (S1) to very fat (S9). Subjects assessed their own body type at present and how they remembered themselves at seven years old.
These selections were then used to group them as lean (S1 to S2), medium (S3 to S4) and large (S5 to S9). Li said, "It appears counterintuitive that a large body size during childhood can reduce breast cancer risk, because a large birth weight and a high adult BMI have been shown to otherwise elevate breast cancer risk. There remain unanswered questions on mechanisms driving this protective effect".
These findings may have important implications. "Given the strength of the associations, and the ease of retrieval of information on childhood shape from old photographs, childhood body size is potentially useful for building breast cancer risk or prognosis models," the researchers concluded. - (EurekAlert!, April 2010) | <urn:uuid:e84d5eab-3c6e-46cb-beab-d44be9c4f5d6> | {
"date": "2018-07-20T22:28:14",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591837.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720213434-20180720233434-00096.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.966349184513092,
"score": 2.765625,
"token_count": 423,
"url": "https://www.health24.com/Medical/Breast/News/Thinner-girls-risk-breast-cancer-20120721"
} |
Many thanks Dr Joseph Mercola for the following information. Dr Mercola is dedicated to helping everyone take control of their health with access to current information and studies.
REAL Cancer Advancements that Need to Become Mainstream Knowledge
In the last 30 years the global cancer burden has doubled, and it will likely double again between 2000 and 2020, and nearly triple by 2030 – unless people begin to take cancer prevention seriously. We CAN turn this trend around, but to do so the medical community must stop overlooking the methods that can actually have a significant impact.
Three cancer advancements in particular merit special mention. These advancements have not yet been accepted by conventional medicine, and they must be.
Number 1: Vitamin D – There’s overwhelming evidence pointing to the fact that vitamin D deficiency plays a crucial role in cancer development. Researchers within this field have estimated that about 30 percent of cancer deaths could be prevented each year simply by optimizing the vitamin D levels in the general population. And if you are being treated for cancer it is likely that higher blood levels – probably around 80-90 ng/ml – would be a beneficial adjunct to your treatment plan. To learn the details on how to use vitamin D therapeutically, please review my previous article, Test Values and Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency.
The health benefits of optimizing your levels, either by safe sun exposure (ideally), a safe tanning bed, or oral supplementation as a last resort, simply cannot be overstated. In terms of protecting against cancer, vitamin D has been found to offer protection in a number of ways, including:
•Regulating genetic expression
•Increasing the self-destruction of mutated cells (which, if allowed to replicate, could lead to cancer)
•Reducing the spread and reproduction of cancer cells
•Causing cells to become differentiated (cancer cells often lack differentiation)
•Reducing the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, which is a step in the transition of dormant tumors turning cancerous
Number 2: Optimizing Your Insulin Levels – Normalizing your insulin levels is one of the most powerful physical actions you can take to lower your risk of cancer. Otto Warburg actually received a Nobel Prize for his research on cancer cell physiology in 1934, which clearly demonstrated cancer cells require more sugar to thrive. Unfortunately, very few oncologists appreciate or apply this knowledge today.
High levels of insulin can cause major damage to your body. The most recognized of these is diabetes, but that is far from the only one. As Ron Rosedale, M.D. said in one of my most popular articles, Insulin and Its Metabolic Effects:
“It doesn’t matter what disease you are talking about, whether you are talking about a common cold or cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis or cancer, the root is always going to be at the molecular and cellular level, and I will tell you that insulin is going to have its hand in it, if not totally control it.”
The good news is that controlling your insulin levels is relatively straightforward. First, limit your intake of processed foods, grains and sugars/fructose as much as possible to prevent your insulin levels from becoming elevated in the first place. Replace them with healthy fats such as butter, animal fat, coconut oil, avocados, seeds and nuts.
I recently completed ten hours of interviews with Dr. Rosedale in which he goes FAR deeper into his philosophy and recommendations. I was floored at what I learned and he has once again changed my position on many important nutritional issues. One of the KEY new insights is that you need to LIMIT your protein to no more than your basic requirements, which is about one gram per kilogram of LEAN body mass, which is typically less than 70 grams for most people. If you go over this you will upregulate the mTOR pathways, which has been strongly associated with increasing your risk for cancer.
I am very excited to share this information with you once we review it as it is possible that this can help the treatment of most cancers. And it is all done with dietary regulation. Supplements can be used, but they are optional and only make the transition to fat burning metabolism easier.
Number 3: Exercise – If you are like most people, when you think of reducing your risk of cancer, exercise doesn’t immediately come to mind. However, there is some fairly compelling evidence that exercise can slash your risk of cancer.
One of the primary ways exercise lowers your risk for cancer is by reducing elevated insulin levels, which creates a low sugar environment that discourages the growth and spread of cancer cells. Additionally, exercise improves the circulation of immune cells in your blood. Your immune system is your first line of defense against everything from minor illnesses like a cold right up to devastating, life-threatening diseases like cancer.
The trick about exercise, though, is understanding how to use it as a precise tool. This ensures you are getting enough to achieve the benefit, not too much to cause injury, and the right variety to balance your entire physical structure and maintain strength and flexibility, and aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels. This is why it is helpful to view exercise like a drug that needs to be carefully prescribed to achieve its maximum benefit.
It’s important to include a large variety of techniques in your exercise routine, such as strength training, aerobics, core-building activities, and stretching. Most important of all, however, is to make sure you include high-intensity, burst-type exercise, once or twice a week, in which you raise your heart rate up to your anaerobic threshold for 20 to 30 seconds, and then you recover for 90 seconds. These exercises activate your super-fast twitch muscle fibers, which can increase your body’s natural production of human growth hormone.
Winning the War Against Cancer Begins with Your Personal Choices
You can do a lot, right now, to significantly decrease your cancer risk. Even the conservative American Cancer Society states that one-third of cancer deaths are linked to poor diet, physical inactivity, and carrying excess weight. So, in addition to the main three suggestions listed above, making the following healthy lifestyle changes can go a very long way toward avoiding all forms of cancer:
1.Eat a healthy diet of whole organic foods, and pay careful attention to keeping your insulin levels down by avoiding sugar/fructose and grains. I make this easy with my recently updated and free Nutrition Plan. The key here is to radically reduce your sugar and non-fiber carbs to an absolute minimum and limit your protein to one gram per one kilogram of lean body mass.
2.Only 25 percent of people eat enough vegetables, so by all means eat as many vegetables as you are comfortable with. Ideally, they should be fresh and organic. Cruciferous vegetables in particular have been identified as having potent anti-cancer properties. Remember that carb nutritional types may need up to 300 percent more vegetables than protein nutritional types.
3.Get appropriate amounts of high quality animal-based omega-3 fats.
4.Have a tool to permanently erase the neurological short-circuiting that can activate cancer genes. Even the CDC states that 85 percent of disease is caused by emotions. It is likely that this factor may be more important than all the other physical ones listed here, so make sure this is addressed. My particular favorite tool for this purpose, as you may know, is the Emotional Freedom Technique.
5.Maintain an ideal body fat percentage.
6.Get enough high-quality sleep.
7.Reduce your exposure to environmental toxins like pesticides, household chemical cleaners, synthetic air fresheners and air pollution.
8.Reduce your use of cell phones and other wireless technologies, and implement as many safety strategies as possible if/when you cannot avoid their use.
9.Boil, poach or steam your foods, rather than frying or charbroiling them. | <urn:uuid:541e3872-2510-406e-9c2b-d0519cd07b6b> | {
"date": "2019-11-14T00:46:37",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496667767.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114002636-20191114030636-00296.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9542498588562012,
"score": 2.875,
"token_count": 1637,
"url": "https://kinesiologyhealthcare.net/80-2/"
} |
Change in climate and berry composition for grapevine varieties in the Loire Valley
The nature and trends of climate variables and bioclimatic indices have been analyzed for 6 locations situated in the Loire Valley, northwest France, along with the berry composition of the 6 main grapevine varieties cultivated there, from 1960 to 2010.
Results show significant increases in mean temperature (by 1.3 to 1.8°C) over the growing season (April to September) throughout the Loire Valley, with maximum temperatures increasing more strongly than minimum temperatures.
The berry composition of the 6 main white and red grapevine varieties changed significantly, with higher sugar concentrations and lower titratable acidity at harvest. It was concluded that these changes in berry composition were significantly influenced by the increases in temperature over the study period. Harvest dates advanced by 2 weeks on average.
Source: Neethling et al., 2012. Climate Research 53: 89–101.
Photo: Tribp (www.flickr.com) | <urn:uuid:6cdf6fb4-475e-4a07-8faf-952f102bd103> | {
"date": "2019-09-21T05:02:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574265.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921043014-20190921065014-00416.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9361648559570312,
"score": 3.109375,
"token_count": 208,
"url": "https://www.climatechangepost.com/news/2013/5/21/change-climate-and-berry-composition-grapevine-var/"
} |
A Company is an artificial person created by law. It is not a human being but it acts through human beings. It is considered as a legal person who can enter into contracts, possess properties in its own name, sue and can be sued by others etc. It is called an artificial person since it is invisible, intangible, existing only in the contemplation of law. It is capable of enjoying rights and being subject to duties.
Since a company is the creation of law, it is an artificial juridical person; it is clothed with many rights, obligations, powers and duties prescribed by law; it is called a ‘person’. Being the creation of law, it possesses only the powers conferred upon it by its Memorandum of Association which is the charter of the company. Within the limits of powers conferred by the charter, it can do all acts as a natural person may do.
A private company may be formed for any lawful purpose by two or more persons, by subscribing their names to a memorandum and complying with the requirements of this Act in respect of registration
The striking benefits of a private limited company are:
A Company is vested with a corporate personality so it redundant bears its own name, acts under name, has a seal of its own and its assets are separate and distinct from those of its members. It is a different ‘person’ from the members who compose it. Therefore it is capable of owning property, incurring debts, borrowing money, having a bank account, employing people, entering into contracts and suing or being sued in the same manner as an individual.
A Company is an artificial person created by law. It is not a human being but it acts through human beings. It is considered as a legal person which can enter into contracts, possess properties in its own name, sue and can be sued by others etc. It is called an artificial person since it is invisible, intangible, existing only in the contemplation of law. It is capable of enjoying rights and being subject to duties.
The privilege of limited liability for business debts is one of the principal advantages of doing business under the corporate form of organization. The company, being a separate person, is the owner of its assets and bound by its liabilities. The liability of a member as shareholder extends to the contribution to the capital of the company up to the nominal value of the shares held and not paid by him. Members, even as a whole, are neither the owners of the company’s undertakings, nor liable for its debts.
An incorporated company never dies, except when it is wound up as per law. A company, being a separate legal person is unaffected by death or departure of any member and it remains the same entity, despite total change in the membership. Perpetual succession means that the membership of a company may keep changing from time to time, but that shall not affect its continuity.
- Capacity to Sue and Be Sued
A company being a body corporate, can sue and be sued in its own name. To sue, means to institute legal proceedings against (a person) or to bring a suit in a court of law. All legal proceedings against the company are to be instituted in its name. Similarly, the company may bring an action against anyone in its own name.
Over and above the aforementioned benefits, there are also certain exclusive benefits which are only available to a Private Limited Company. Those are mentioned as below:
- Financial assistance can be given to its employees for purchase of or subscribing to its own shares or shares in its holding company
- At the time of annual filing, no need to prepare a report on the Annual General Meeting.
- At the time of annual filing, no need to prepare a statement indicating the manner in which formal annual evaluation has been made by the Board of its own performance and that of its committees and individual directors.
- Private company need not have more than two directors.
- NO need to appoint Independent directors on its Board.
- Retire-by-rotation is not applicable to a private limited company.
- Restrictive provisions regarding total number of directorships which a person may hold in a public company do not include directorships held in a private company which is neither a holding nor subsidiary company of a public company.
- The provisions relating to contract of employment with managing or whole-time directors does not apply to a private company
- Total managerial remuneration payable by a private company, to its directors, including managing director and whole-time director, and its manager in respect of any financial year are having no restrictions.
- Certain tax planning steps during the year can give you extra monetary benefits like,
- Salary to Director can be claimed as “Expenditure” in the hands of company and is exempt in the hands of individual under prescribed limit.
- A company may pay sitting fee to a director for attending meetings of board or committee thereof. Such sums as may be decided by the BOD thereof which shall not be exceed 1 Lakh per meeting of the board or committee thereof which can be claimed as “Expenditure” in the hands of company and is Exempt in the hands of individual under prescribed limit
- Deductions of Start-up Expenses (Preliminary Expenses) can be claimed and taxes can be saved
- Deductions of Rent expense if property/office is on rent can be claimed as “Expenditure” in the hands of company and is exempt in the hands of individual under prescribed limit.
- Salary expenditure of a Family Member deductible in the hands of company and exempt in the hands of individual under prescribed limit i.e. Dual savvy of tax
- Entertainment expenses, Meeting expenses and Director’s Vehicle Expenses accounted in the books of the company can also be claimed as deduction.
Recently the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) brought about a transformational change in the company name reservation and incorporation processes. The project to transform the processing of Company Incorporation e-Forms was undertaken wherein the Applications for Name reservation and Incorporation of a company are processed and completed within 24 hours (One working Day) in line with Global best corporate practices. In this competitive business world, a private limited entity is the most appropriate medium for business expansion and growth bringing along with it some crucial benefits like,
- Ease of Procurement of Funds.
- Attracting Investment Opportunities.
- Business Expansion and Diversification.
- Credibility and Recognition
- Better Compliance and Good governance
- Taxation Benefits. | <urn:uuid:58a9c0c1-aece-4bbd-9f2d-2d4161ee8218> | {
"date": "2019-12-06T15:42:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540488870.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206145958-20191206173958-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9683952927589417,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 1343,
"url": "https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Advantages-of-private-limited-company-167270.asp"
} |
Kōkako New Zealands Bird of The Year Giveaway
The Kōkako was voted 2016 New Zealand Bird of The Year in the Forest and Birds- Bird of The Year , and and we thought that we would do a little giveaway in honour of this.
When you purchase 'Māori Bird Lore: An Introduction' we will give you the 'Know Your NZ Birds Pocket Book' as a gift.
The beautifully illustrated 'Māori Bird Lore: An Introduction' by Murdoch Riley is a hard cover book that measures 250mm X 315mm and has 216 pages. The wonderful illustrations in this book are by John Keulemans.
The book covers the history of birds in New Zealand and how they are connected to the land and the Māori culture. The importance of their names and the influence they have physically and spiritually in New Zealand. The books takes you through alphabetically about Native Birds of New Zealand. Starting with the Albatross to the Whitehead.
The Kōkako (page 140)
The Kōkako is also known as the North and South Island Crow. It has a bluish-grey plumage and are distinguished by the blue wattles at the throat on the North Island crow and a orange wattle on the South Island crow. The South Island Kōkako was declared extinct... until recently, when it was declared “data deficient”. It maybe survives in forest, but the North Island Kōkako now have more than 3000 birds because of the hard work of getting rid of predators.
Know Your NZ Birds Pocket Booklet
This little Pocket Book is a great traveling or bird watching book that measures 110mm X 165mm and have 64 pages and can fit in your pocket, to give you information on New Zealand birds.
Also ... Kōkako also features in the NZ Native Birds Colouring Book that we sell. Joe McMenamin’s distinctive style using detailed clean line patterns and silhouettes are used to enhance the beauty of our New Zealand Native Birds in his beautiful colouring book.
Have a good look around our website and see what else you can find!
Carmen and Murdoch | <urn:uuid:fc14f12a-1498-489f-a25d-60301ec6e1ac> | {
"date": "2019-03-20T07:54:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202303.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320064940-20190320090940-00416.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9480980634689331,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 447,
"url": "https://vikingsevenseas.co.nz/blogs/news/kokako-new-zealands-bird-of-the-year-giveaway-1"
} |
Today, October 15th, is Ada Lovelace Day. Since 2009, it is a day set aside to learn about the many women in STEM disciplines who don't get the credit they deserve for their pioneering work in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The day is named for Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, who was a brilliant mathematician and wrote the world's first computer program. In 1842.
Neatorama has published quite a few articles over the years about women in science and technology. In honor of the occasion, feel free to catch up on them.
The Amazing Dr. Florence Baker dedicated her life to the health of poor people.
Josephine Cochrane developed the modern dishwasher.
A Short History of Women Inventors and Scientists.
An Ode to Great Double X-Chromosomed Scientists.
Women in Space: The Mercury 13.
Florence Nightingale’s Statistical Diagrams. | <urn:uuid:671a3713-696f-4f51-9912-077c106abb18> | {
"date": "2015-03-04T15:53:01",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-11",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463606.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00092-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9353797435760498,
"score": 3.15625,
"token_count": 203,
"url": "http://www.neatorama.com/2013/10/15/Ada-Lovelace-Day/"
} |
Nicknamed the “Rebel Queen” in a New York Times article, the first public statue in Denmark of a black woman was unveiled March 31, 2018. The date was chosen to mark the end of the centennial year when the Danish sold three islands to the U.S. in 1917 for $25 million (now known as the Virgin Islands).
The statue was created by Danish artist Jeannette Ehlers with the help of artist La Vaughn Belle. The duo were inspired by female leaders, such as Mary Thomas, who led an uprising in St. Croix in 1878. New York Times writer Martin Sorensen noted that the 23-foot-tall sculpture “… stares straight ahead while sitting barefoot, but regally, in a wide-backed chair, clutching a torch in one hand and a tool used to cut sugar cane in the other.”
But why a farming tool and a torch? The items are rumored to represent “resistance strategies” by colonized individuals who helped a 19th-century queen to lead a rebellion against Danish colonial rule in the Caribbean known as “Fireburn.”
In a land of statues comprised of mostly white men, the “I Am Queen Mary” statue stands tall against the backdrop of a brick building once used to store Caribbean rum and sugar. The building is only about a mile from where Mary Thomas was jailed for leading “the largest labor revolt in Danish colonial history.”
While the statue resurrects the memory of black heroines in Denmark, it doesn’t lay to rest to the years of Africans who were forcibly put onto Danish ships to work in plantations in the Caribbean.
As the New York Times points out, “… the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen, expressed regret for his country’s part in the slave trade—but he stopped short of an apology.” However, when referring to the past exploitation, Rasmussen also added, “It’s not a proud part of Denmark’s history. It’s shameful and luckily of the past.” | <urn:uuid:028db98a-c041-44cb-8c59-9a9e371085c4> | {
"date": "2018-12-14T19:55:20",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376826306.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214184754-20181214210754-00296.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9622353911399841,
"score": 3.75,
"token_count": 436,
"url": "http://www.cultivatingculture.com/2018/04/09/denmark-black-woman-statue/"
} |
The robot on an oil drillship in the Gulf of Mexico made it easier for Mark Rodgers to do his job stringing together heavy, dirty pipes. It could also be a reason he’s not working there today.Read more
BEHIND closed doors in the Bavarian town of Ansbach a new factory is taking shape. That it will use robots and novel production techniques such as additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) is not surprising for Germany, which has maintained its manufacturing base through innovative engineering.Read more
Industrial robot arms are expensive, and come with a long list of caveats including concerns over whether they can work safely alongside humans.
Franka Emika, a new product coming in 2017 to the burgeoning field of collaborative robots, is a robot arm pitched to be easily programmable out of the box, unable to kill anyone, and capable of building more copies of itself.Read more
2016 wasn’t to everyone’s liking, but for robot aficionados there was plenty to pore over. If you believe what you read, robots are set to take our jobs, replace sex and may count as people.But if the actual robots we saw this year are anything to go by, it might be a while before any of that actually happens.Read more
What does the future hold for robotics? It’s hard to say, given the rapid pace of change in the field as well as in associated areas such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. But one thing seems certain: Robots will play an increasingly important role in business and life in general.Read more
A low-profile robot glides silently over a magnetic strip on a cement floor, operating unnoticed in an assembly plant. When someone walks in front of it, the robot stops and waits. If you press a button on one end of the plant, you can summon the bot, then connect a few metal carts to make a robot-powered train and instruct the bot to deliver the parts.Read more
The new U.S. Robotics Roadmap calls for better policy frameworks to safely integrate new technologies, such as self-driving cars and commercial drones, into everyday life. The detailed document also advocates for increased research efforts in the field of human-robot interaction to develop intelligent machines that will empower people to stay in their homes as they age. It calls for increased education efforts in the STEM fields from elementary school to adult learners.Read more
It’s hard to teach a robot to sew.
Robots are good at handling materials that are rigid and easy to lift, cut and maneuver. It’s why they’re are widely used in auto manufacturing.
But it’s a different story with making clothes. There’s some automation in garment manufacturing, but you still won’t find robots sewing clothes from start to finish.Read more
Before the electronic watch era, Switzerland virtually owned the global market for timepieces. Swiss watches and clocks were probably the most ubiquitous mechanical device on Earth, and they were all mini-masterpieces of intricate assembly of many tiny components.
Then in 1960s, quartz technology was invented.Read more
Japan is famously wary of immigration, fearing that foreign workers will undermine job security and upset familiar ways of life. But there is one kind of industrious interloper that is greeted more enthusiastically in Japan than in any other country. Robots or “immigrants from the future”, as my colleague Oliver Morton calls them, are unusually well assimilated into Japanese society.Read more
How do you determine how advanced a country is when it comes to robotics? One measure, “robot density,” is the number of robots per 10,000 workers. Is it the best way?
Or, robotics organizations can count the number of robotics companies in a country, look at the kinds of innovations coming out of the country, or see what government strategies exist for robotics — if any.Read more | <urn:uuid:bbd75f8f-51eb-42f0-9ade-805c5d4bc55a> | {
"date": "2018-02-20T15:42:25",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812978.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220145713-20180220165713-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9452770948410034,
"score": 2.546875,
"token_count": 809,
"url": "http://robotwatch.co/tag/industrial/page/2"
} |
Billy Budd Part 1, Chapter 1
Before the advent of steamships, there were merchant sailors who seemed to be a 'higher' and somehow more regal member of their class. Unlike on land, shipmates of all colors mixed in companionship. Of these types the handsome sailor type has became all but extinct on the steamships. He was proficient in his art like a boxer or a wrestler, "on shore he was a champion; afloat the spokesman; on every suitable occasion always foremost." Chapter 1, pg. 431. He was a sailor and a hunter; his morality was as keen as his character. Of such a sort is Billy Budd. He is sailing after the American Revolution and at the beginning of the French Revolution, in 1797. The British Empire is at its greatest extent; its navy patrols almost every ocean near all the major continents.
The H.M.A. Bellipotent 74 is short of its necessary crew, so by naval order Lieutenant Radcliffe boards the merchant ship, the Rights-of-Man, to inspect Billy for military service. Billy doesn't try to avoid the lieutenant and he makes no objections. The master of the ship gives him a look of reproach, but says nothing. Captain Graveling, a man who rarely sleeps on a voyage, does not want the lieutenant to take Billy away because he holds his crew together. Billy has become a leader and an inspiration to the rest of the crew. The old head of the crew, Red Whiskers, did not like Billy because he was jealous of him. Once he tried to punch Billy and got pummeled himself. Anyone on the ship would do anything for Billy and the lieutenant quips: "blessed are the peacemakers" Chapter 1, pg. 434. He reminds the captain that the royal commissioners will be grateful if he gives up Billy willingly. Billy enters with his possessions in a chest, but the Lieutenant tells him to put all his stuff in a bag because there is no room for chests on a naval ship. As they row to the naval vessel, Billy stands up to wave, a breach of naval protocol. Not only is one required to sit in a boat, but a member of the navy is supposed to act with more restraint. The lieutenant stifles his laughter. Billy is ambivalent about his enlistment:
"And it may be that he rather liked this adventurous turn in his affairs, which promised an opening into novel scenes and martial excitements." Chapter 1, pg. 435
On the Bellipotent he is liked; many of the men seem jovial, but are actually sullen. Life in the navy is hard and they are overworked. Many of them miss their wives and children. Billy is a foretopman, working in the sails. Unlike the other men, Billy doesn't have a family to worry about. | <urn:uuid:f41e4158-2009-4822-9399-0dd1f6e602ce> | {
"date": "2017-10-22T16:47:02",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825308.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022150946-20171022170946-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9831515550613403,
"score": 2.875,
"token_count": 589,
"url": "http://www.bookrags.com/notes/bb/part1.html"
} |
The Instructions of
--excerpted from The Literature of Ancient Egypt by William Kelly Simpson
The beginning of the instruction about
The testimony for well-being,
All the principles of official procedure,
The duties of the courtiers;
To know how to refute the accusation of one who made it,
And to send back a reply to one who wrote;
To set one straight on the paths of life,
And to make him prosper on earth;
To let his heart settle down in its chapel,
And steer clear of evil;
To save him from the talk of others,
As one who is respected in the speech of men.
Written by the superintendent of the
land, experienced in his office,
The offspring of a scribe of the Beloved Land,
The superintendent of produce, who fixes the the grain measure,
Who sets the grain tax amount for which appear as new his lord,
Who registers the islands which appear as new land over the cartouche of His Majesty,
And sets up the land mark at the boundary of the arable land,
Who protects the king by his writings,
And makes register of the Black Land.
The scribe who places the land divine offerings for all the gods,\par
The donor of grants to the people,
The superintendent of grain who administers the food offerings,
Who supplies the storerooms with grain.
A truly silent man in Tjeni in the Ta-wer nome,
One whose verdict is "acquitted" in Ipu,
The owner of a pyramid tomb on the west of Senut,
As well as the owner of a memorial chapel in Abydos,
Amenemope, the son of Kanakht,
Whose verdict is "acquitted" in the Ta-wer nome.
For his son, the youngest of his children,
The least of his family,
Initiate of the mysteries of Min-Kamutef,
Libation pourer of Wennofre;
Who introduces Horus upon the throne of his father,
His stolist in his august chapel,
The seer of the Mother God,
The inspector of the black cattle of the terrace of Min,
Who protects Min in his chapel,
Horemmaakheru is his true name,
A child of an official of Ipu,
The son of the sistrum player of Shu and Tefnut,
The chief singer of Horus, the lady Tawosret.
Give your ears and hear what is said,
Give your mind over to their interpretation:
It is profitable to put them in your heart,
But woe to him that neglects them!
Let them rest in the shrine of your insides
That they may act as a lock in your heart;
Now when there comes a storm of words,
They will be a mooring post for your tongue.
If you spend a lifetime with these things in your heart,
You will find it good fortune;
You will discover my words to be a treasure house of life,
And your body will flourish upon earth.
Beware of stealing from a miserable man
And of raging against the cripple.
Do not stretch out your hand to touch an old man,
Nor snip at the words of an elder.
Don't let yourself be involved in a fraudulent business,
Nor desire the carrying out of it;
Do not get tired because of being interfered with,
Nor return an answer on your own account.
The evildoer, throw him in the canal,
And he will bring back its slime.
The north wind comes down and ends his appointed hour,
It is joined to the tempest;
The thunder is high, the crocodiles are nasty,
O hot-headed man, what are you like?
He cries out, and his voice reaches heaven.
O Moon, make his crime manifest!
Row that we may ferry the evil man away,
For we will not act according to his evil nature;
Lift him up, give him your hand,
And leave him in the hands of God;
Fill his gut with your own food
That he may be sated and ashamed.
Something else of value in the heart of God
Is to stop and think before speaking.
Do not get into a quarrel with the
Nor incite him with words;
Proceed cautiously before an opponent,
And give way to an adversary;
Sleep on it before speaking,
For a storm comes forth like fire in hay.
The hot-headed man in his appointed time:
May you be restrained before him;
Leave him to himself,
And God will know how to answer him.
If you spend your life with these things in your heart,
Your children shall behold them.
The hot-headed man in the temple
Is like a tree grown outdoors;
Suddenly it loses its branches,
And it reaches its end in the carpentry shop;
It is floated away far from its place,
Or fire is its funeral pyre.
The truly temperate man sets himself apart,
He is like a tree grown in sandy soil,
But it flourishes, it doubles its yield,
It stands before its owner;
Its fruit is something sweet, its shade is pleasant,
And it reaches its end in a garden.
Do not take by violence the shares of
Do not be grasping, and you will find overabundance;
Do not take away a temple servant
In order to do a favor for someone else.
Do not say today is the same as tomorrow,
Or how will matters come to pass?
When tomorrow comes and today is past,
The deep waters sink from the canal bank,
Crocodiles are uncovered, the hippopotamuses are on dry land,
And the fishes gasping for air;
The wolves are fat, the wild fowl in festival,
And the nets are drained.
Every temperate man in the temple says,
"Great is the benevolence of Ra."
So hold fast to the temperate man, you will find life,
And your body will flourish upon earth.
Do not displace the surveyor's mark on
the boundaries of the arable land,
Nor alter the position of the measuring line;
Do not be greedy for a plot of land,
Nor overturn the boundaries of a widow.
As for the road in the field worn down by time,
He who takes it violently for fields,
If he traps by deceptive attestations, [false witness?]
Will be lassoed by the might of the Moon.
To one who has done this on earth, pay attention,
For he is a tormentor to the weak;
He is an enemy overturning all within you,
Taking away life is in his eye;
His household is hostile to the community,
[So] His storerooms are toppled over,
His property taken from his children,
And to someone else his possessions given.
Take care not to topple over the boundary marks of the arable land,
Not fearing that you will be brought to court;
Man propitiates God by the might of the Lord
When he sets straight the boundaries of the arable land.
Desire, then, to make yourself,
And take care for the Lord of All;
Do not trample on the furrow of someone else,
Their good order will be profitable for you.
So plough the fields, and you will find whatever you need,
And receive the bread from your own threshing floor:
Better is the bushel which God gives you
Than five thousand deceitfully gotten;
They do not spend a day in the storehouse or warehouse,
They are no use for dough for beer;
Their stay in the granary is short-lived,
When morning comes they will be swept away.
Better, then, is poverty in the hand of God
Than riches in the storehouse;
Better is bread when the mind is at ease
Than riches with anxiety.
Do not set your heart upon seeking
For there is no one who can ignore Shay (Destiny) and Renutet (Fortune);
Do not set your thoughts on external matters:
For every man there is his appointed time.
Do not exert yourself to seek out excess
So that your wealth will prosper for you;
If riches come to you by theft
They will not spend the night with you;
As soon as day breaks they will not be in your household;
Although their places can be seen, they are not there.
When the earth opens up its mouth, it reckons him [the thief] and swallows him up,
And it drowns them in the deep;
They have made for themselves a great slit in their measure,
And they have sunk themselves in the tomb;
Or they have made themselves wings like geese,
And they fly up to the sky.
Do not be pleased with yourself because of riches acquired through robbery,
Neither complain about poverty.
If an officer commands one who goes in front of him,
His company leaves him;
The boat of the covetous is abandoned in the mud,
While the skiff of the truly temperate man sails on.
When He rises you shall offer to the Aton,
Saying, Grant me prosperity and health."
And He will give you your necessities for life,
And you will be safe from fear.
Set your good deeds throughout the
That every man may greet you;
They make rejoicing for the Uraeus,
And spit against the Apophis.
Keep your tongue safe from words of detraction,
And you will be the loved one of the people;
Then you will find your place within the temple
And your offerings among the bread deliveries of your lord;
You will be revered, and you will be concealed in your grave...
Back to the Temple main page | <urn:uuid:088e5d1b-bb56-4e53-8fbc-1471eb1214c1> | {
"date": "2018-05-27T03:00:56",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867995.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527024953-20180527044953-00296.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9428648352622986,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 2113,
"url": "http://kemetic-independent.awardspace.us/amunemope.htm"
} |
We know a lot about teaching and learning, but our knowledge is scattered across three separate domains.
The first knowledge domain is centered on the world of educational research that’s been advancing what we know about teaching and learning for more than a hundred years. There’s hardly an educational issue that hasn’t been studied in education or its associated subfields, like educational psychology, adult learning, and higher education. On this large empirical foundation we could rest a more evidence-based instructional practice.
But educational research remains largely unexplored by those who teach, partly because there aren’t strong norms expecting college teachers to grow and develop their instructional knowledge, but mostly because the journal articles describing these studies and their findings aren’t written for practitioners. They’re written to inform the next round of research. That makes them tough for outsiders to read and often researchers aren’t focused on the practical implications of their work. Then there’s the disdain for educational research held by some faculty. “Why should we bother with those who theorize, hypothesize, and ‘study’ what we do every day in the classroom?” I was asked recently. So, there’s nothing we can learn from this work? How naïve is that? I admit that not all educational research is great scholarship, but is all the work done in any discipline flawless?
Then there’s the world of pedagogical knowledge that exists within our disciplines. An increasing amount of it is empirical, and it is practitioner scholarship that makes it more applied and with clearer implications. Some faculty read this type of scholarship (not many), and still fewer contribute to it. The work is based in the disciplines because that’s where it often gets counted. And although this scholarship still doesn’t get counted as often as it should, it’s valued and rewarded today way more often than it used to be.
But there’s a couple of problems with the disciplinary focus on teaching and learning. It reinforces the belief that teaching in a particular field is unique, and if you don’t know the field you can’t possibly know anything about how to teach it. Certainly the content—how knowledge of it advances, how it’s organized, what counts as evidence, for example—has implications for how it’s taught. Teaching problem solving and teaching themes from a novel are not the same. But there are many aspects of teaching and learning that transcend disciplinary boundaries—you wouldn’t be reading this blog if you didn’t believe that. But then not everybody is reading this blog, or the cross disciplinary work on teaching and learning, or pedagogical scholarship from other fields. It’s possible to live in a pedagogical world and miss the fact that it is part of a much larger universe.
The disciplinary focus also prevents us from seeing the weight of evidence that has accumulated for certain instructional approaches—take group work, for example. There is not a discipline where faculty are not using groups, where there is not empirical and experiential evidence that students can learn from and with each other in groups. The learning doesn’t happen automatically, but when group work is carefully designed, implemented, and assessed, there is an enormous amount of evidence supporting that it effectively develops content knowledge and group interaction skills.
Finally, there’s the personal world of experiential knowledge, which is the one that faculty know the best and trust the most. For those of us who have never been trained to teach, it’s what we’ve learned over the years; usually by the seat of our pants and in the school of hard knocks. It’s what works for us and if the evidence says otherwise, most of us challenge the evidence before questioning our experience. Most of time, our experiential knowledge is valid. It’s problematic when this internally derived knowledge base is the only or main source of instructional understanding. Teaching needs a regular infusion of ideas and information from outside—to confirm what is believed and to enlarge what is known and practiced.
I often wonder if teaching and learning don’t continue to be devalued because they don’t rest on a well-known and widely accepted knowledge base. We have what we need to construct one, but we have knowledge worlds that are dispersed and largely unaware of one another. How do we get them to realize that they circle the same sun? | <urn:uuid:82d8cc26-3ea9-4fcf-ac51-e594411e57b1> | {
"date": "2019-02-21T12:31:37",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247504594.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221111943-20190221133943-00176.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9601331353187561,
"score": 2.515625,
"token_count": 921,
"url": "https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-professor-blog/pedagogical-knowledge-three-worlds-apart/print/"
} |
You are here: REHACARE Portal. Up-to-date. Archive. Research.
Testing Sign Language by Cell Phone
Testing students are positive about
its quality for fast communication;
© University of Washington
Engineers are developing the first device able to transmit American Sign Language over U.S. cellular networks. The tool is just completing its initial field test.
"This is the first study of how deaf people in the United States use mobile video phones," said project leader Eve Riskin, a University of Washington (UW) professor of electrical engineering.
The MobileASL team has been working to optimise compressed video signals for sign language. By increasing image quality around the face and hands, researchers have brought the data rate down to 30 kilobytes per second while still delivering intelligible sign language. MobileASL also uses motion detection to identify whether a person is signing or not, in order to extend the phones' battery life during video use.
Transmitting sign language as efficiently as possible increases affordability, improves reliability on slower networks and extends battery life, even on devices that might have the capacity to deliver higher quality video.
This summer's field test is allowing the team to see how people use the tool in their daily lives and what obstacles they encounter. Eleven participants are testing the phones for three weeks. They meet with the research team for interviews and occasionally have survey questions pop up after a call is completed asking about the call quality.
In the first two and a half weeks of the study, some 200 calls were made with an average call duration of a minute and a half, researchers said. A larger field study will begin this winter.
"We know these phones work in a lab setting, but conditions are different in people's everyday lives," Riskin said. "The field study is an important step toward putting this technology into practice."
Most study participants say texting or e-mail is currently their preferred method for distance communication. Their experiences with the MobileASL phone are, in general, positive.
"It is good for fast communication," said Tong Song, a Chinese national who is studying at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. "Texting sometimes is very slow, because you send the message and you're not sure that the person is going to get it right away. If you're using this kind of phone then you're either able to get in touch with the person or not right away, and you can save a lot of time."
Some students also use video chat on a laptop, home computer or video phone terminal, but none of these existing technologies for transmitting sign language fits in your pocket.
REHACARE.de; Source: University of Washington
- More about the University of Washington at www.uwnews.org
( Source: REHACARE.de ) | <urn:uuid:3a434906-5cd1-4f8e-9a2c-be3089052fb4> | {
"date": "2013-05-21T17:25:09",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9428125023841858,
"score": 3,
"token_count": 580,
"url": "http://www.rehacare.com/cipp/md_rehacare/custom/pub/content,oid,25943/lang,2/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/mcat_id,7752/local_lang,2/~/Testing_Sign_Language_by_Cell_Phone.html"
} |
Restorative Justice: many of you have heard of it, some have experienced it, and likely some have never heard of it. Restorative Justice is a model for handling breaches in community, times when covenant has been broken or is perceived to have been broken, conflict between parties, and rule infractions. It is an approach that seeks to engage those affected in conversation with each other with the assistance of trained facilitators, with the goal of restoring and maintaining community, and extending care and compassion to all involved.
You may have heard the term Restorative Justice used in reference to newly emerging models for criminal justice systems. But it is much more than that; it is a model that can be, and has been, adapted for use in schools, faith communities, neighborhoods, and workplaces. We think there is space for it to work for us too.
The youth and young adults of the Ohio Meadville District community, in particular, have been leading the way in bringing a Restorative Justice model to our larger community. Because the intentional community that we come together to create each summer can potentially be harmed by breaches of covenant, the youth and young adults wanted to find a method of resolving conflict in which the ultimate goal is restoring what was broken and helping the community move forward together.Last year, several youth, young adults, and adults participated in a day long training session about how to practice Restorative Justice. They began putting that training into practice at the 2015 SI. You may have heard talk of, or participated in, a “Circle”. The youth and young adults held several Restorative Justice Circles that week and at times since then.
Over the coming months and years, you will hear more about these circles, their goals, and how they work in practice. We are also working on making further training available to the community at large. There is much information to be gathered, shared, learned, and discussed.
Because the Restorative Justice model provides an alternative to the larger culture’s often punitive and exclusionary systems of approaching conflict and rule infractions, our hope is that it can be adapted to our needs, helping us approach conflict in a way that is more in line with our Unitarian Universalist principles than we may have at times in the past. The goal of this post is to serve as a brief introduction to the concept of Restorative Justice Circles, and to invite you to watch this space for more information.
A few important things to know as we begin this conversation are that participation in Restorative Justice Circles will always be completely optional for all involved, although circles may take place with or without the requested participants. Additionally, anyone is able to request that a circle be called, which opens the process to all who want to participate, but makes it mandatory for none.
If you are anxious to start learning more now, you might want to take a look at this site: http://www.restorativecircles.org/.
We have much to learn, and many opportunities to grow together. Let’s see where we go.
Gina Phillips and Krissy Brannan, SIPC | <urn:uuid:f28d2e80-3ac1-4b07-abbd-7d1ed4c2298d> | {
"date": "2019-03-23T17:20:02",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202889.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323161556-20190323183556-00016.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9709956049919128,
"score": 3.109375,
"token_count": 640,
"url": "http://www.cersiuu.org/blog/introduction-to-restorative-justice/"
} |
An uncontrolled, chaotic landing. Stuck in the shadow of a cliff without energy-giving sunlight. Philae and team persevered. With just 60 hours of battery power, the lander drilled, hammered and gathered science data on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko before going into hibernation. Here’s what we know.
Despite appearances, the comet’s hard as ice. The team responsible for the MUPUS (Multi-Purpose Sensors for Surface and Sub-Surface Science) instrument hammered a probe as hard as they could into 67P’s skin but only dug in a few millimeters:
“Although the power of the hammer was gradually increased, we were not able to go deep into the surface,” said Tilman Spohn from the DLR Institute of Planetary Research, who leads the research team. “If we compare the data with laboratory measurements, we think that the probe encountered a hard surface with strength comparable to that of solid ice,” he added. This shouldn’t be surprising, since ice is the main constituent of comets, but much of 67P/C-G appears blanketed in dust, leading some to believe the surface was softer and fluffier than what Philae found.
This finding was confirmed by the SESAME experiment (Surface Electrical, Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring Experiment) where the strength of the dust-covered ice directly under the lander was “surprisingly high” according to Klaus Seidensticker from the DLR Institute. Two other SESAME instruments measured low vaporization activity and a great deal of water ice under the lander.
As far as taking the comet’s temperature, the MUPUS thermal mapper worked during the descent and on all three touchdowns. At the final site, MUPUS recorded a temperature of –243°F (–153°C) near the floor of the lander’s balcony before the instrument was deployed. The sensors cooled by a further 10°C over a period of about a half hour:
“We think this is either due to radiative transfer of heat to the cold nearby wall seen in the CIVA images or because the probe had been pushed into a cold dust pile,” says Jörg Knollenberg, instrument scientist for MUPUS at DLR. After looking at both the temperature and hammer probe data, the Philae team’s preliminary take is that the upper layers of the comet’s surface are covered in dust 4-8 inches (10-20 cm), overlaying firm ice or ice and dust mixtures.
The ROLIS camera (ROsetta Lander Imaging System) took detailed photos during the first descent to the Agilkia landing site. Later, when Philae made its final touchdown, ROLIS snapped images of the surface at close range. These photos, which have yet to be published, were taken from a different point of view than the set of panorama photos already received from the CIVA camera system.
During Philae’s active time, Rosetta used the CONSERT (COmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radio wave Transmission) instrument to beam a radio signal to the lander while they were on opposite sides of the comet’s nucleus. Philae then transmitted a second signal through the comet back to Rosetta. This was to be repeated 7,500 times for each orbit of Rosetta to build up a 3D image of 67P/C-G’s interior, an otherworldly “CAT scan” as it were. These measurements were being made even as Philae lapsed into hibernation. Deeper down the ice becomes more porous as revealed by measurements made by the orbiter.
The last of the 10 instruments on board the Philae lander to be activated was the SD2 (Sampling, Drilling and Distribution subsystem), designed to provide soil samples for the COSAC and PTOLEMY instruments. Scientists are certain the drill was activated and that all the steps to move a sample to the appropriate oven for baking were performed, but the data right now show no actual delivery according to a tweet this morning from Eric Hand, reporter at Science Magazine. COSAC worked as planned however and was able to “sniff” the comet’s rarified atmosphere to detect the first organic molecules. Research is underway to determine if the compounds are simple ones like methanol and ammonia or more complex ones like the amino acids.
Stephan Ulamec, Philae Lander manager, is confident that we’ll resume contact with Philae next spring when the Sun’s angle in the comet’s sky will have shifted to better illuminate the lander’s solar panels. The team managed to rotate the lander during the night of November 14-15, so that the largest solar panel is now aligned towards the Sun. One advantage of the shady site is that Philae isn’t as likely to overheat as 67P approaches the Sun en route to perihelion next year. Still, temperatures on the surface have to warm up before the battery can be recharged, and that won’t happen until next summer.
Let’s hang in there. This phoenix may rise from the cold dust again. | <urn:uuid:9d47a80c-b81c-488c-bf4f-64b76bb19d3a> | {
"date": "2017-04-26T05:56:38",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121165.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00117-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9564896821975708,
"score": 3.34375,
"token_count": 1118,
"url": "https://www.universetoday.com/116423/philae-lander-early-science-results-ice-organic-molecules-and-half-a-foot-of-dust/"
} |
What are carbon emissions ?
Mon, Feb 09, 2009 at 11:16 AM
In the U.S., our energy-related activities account for three-quarters of our human-generated greenhouse gas emissions, mostly in the form of carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels. More than half the energy-related emissions come from large stationary sources such as power plants, while about a third comes from transportation. Industrial processes (such as the production of cement, steel, and aluminum), agriculture, forestry, other land use, and waste management are also important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.
For a better understanding of where greenhouse gas emissions come from, governments at the federal, state and local levels prepare emissions inventories, which track emissions from various parts of the economy such as transportation, electricity production, industry, agriculture, forestry, and other sectors. EPA publishes the official national inventory of US greenhouse gas emissions, and the latest greenhouse gas inventory shows that in 2005 the U.S. emitted over 7.2 billon metric tons of greenhouse gases (a million metric tons of CO2 equivalents (MMTCO2e) is roughly equal to the annual GHG emissions of an average U.S. power plant.) Visit the Emissions section of this site to learn more, or review the answers to some frequent emissions questions.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted in a number of ways. It is emitted naturally through the carbon cycle and through human activities like the burning of fossil fuels.
Natural sources of CO2 occur within the carbon cycle where billions of tons of atmospheric CO2 are removed from the atmosphere by oceans and growing plants, also known as ‘sinks,’ and are emitted back into the atmosphere annually through natural processes also known as ‘sources.’ When in balance, the total carbon dioxide emissions and removals from the entire carbon cycle are roughly equal.
Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1700’s, human activities, such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, and deforestation, have increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. In 2005, global atmospheric concentrations of CO2 were 35% higher than they were before the Industrial Revolution.
In the home or on the road, daily activities cause emissions of greenhouse gases. Individuals can produce greenhouse gas emissions directly by burning oil or gas for home heating or indirectly by using electricity generated from fossil fuel burning.
Within the United States, per person emissions can vary depending on a person’s location, habits and personal choices. For example, the types of fuel used to generate the electricity a person uses can lead to different levels of emissions. A power plant run on coal emits more greenhouse gases per unit of electricity than a power plant that uses natural gas. How much you drive and your vehicle's fuel efficiency, as well as time spent idling in traffic, also affect the level of emissions. In addition, the amount of recycling done by a person in his or her home can affect emissions by reducing the amount of methane-generating waste sent to landfills.
Through actions at home, at work, and on the road, individuals can affect their greenhouse gas emissions levels. The first step in reducing your greenhouse gas emissions is to identify how much your household emits. If you have old copies of energy bills, EPA’s personal greenhouse gas emissions calculator can help estimate your household’s annual emissions.
MNN Public Information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | <urn:uuid:af28d5a7-e276-4583-948c-8de4b9420605> | {
"date": "2014-11-20T20:52:14",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-49",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372202.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00048-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9388304352760315,
"score": 3.625,
"token_count": 708,
"url": "http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-weather/stories/what-are-carbon-emissions"
} |
Sea level rise in the past two decades has accelerated faster than previously thought in a sign of climate change threatening coasts from Florida to Bangladesh, a study said on Wednesday.
The report, reassessing records from more than 600 tidal gauges, found that readings from 1901-90 had over-estimated the rise in sea levels.
Based on revised figures for those years, the acceleration since then was greater than so far assumed.
The report said the earlier readings were incomplete or skewed by local factors such as subsidence.
The new analysis “suggests that the acceleration in the past two decades is 25 percent higher than previously thought,” Carling Hay, a Canadian scientist at Harvard University and lead author of the study in the journal Nature, told Reuters.
The study said sea level rise, caused by factors including a thaw of glaciers, averaged about 1.2 millimetres (0.05 inch) a year from 1901-90 - less than past estimates - and leapt to 3 mm a year in the past two decades, apparently linked to a quickening thaw of ice.
Last year, the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated the 1901-90 rate at 1.5 mm a year, meaning less of a leap to the recent rate around 3 mm.
The Harvard-led study said the new findings might affect projections of the future pace of sea level rise, especially those based on historical trends.
John Church, a top IPCC author at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia, told Reuters he did not expect any impact on the IPCC’s core sea level projections, which are not based on past trends.
IPCC scenarios, which range from a sea level rise of 28 to 98 cms this century, are based on the processes driving sea level change, for instance how ice in Greenland reacts to rising temperatures or the expansion of water as it warms, he said.
Stefan Rahmstorf, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and a world expert in past sea levels, said further analysis was needed to pin down 20th century sea level rise.
The new findings confirm that “sea level is rising and ... the rise has accelerated, with the most recent rates being the highest on record,” he told Reuters.
Sea level rise is gnawing away at shores from Miami to Shanghai. In cities such as Jakarta, the rise is aggravated by big local subsidence. | <urn:uuid:a263aebd-3fe7-40da-ae79-fc5d4def3a92> | {
"date": "2016-08-24T14:01:10",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-36",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982292330.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195812-00076-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9527817368507385,
"score": 3.515625,
"token_count": 508,
"url": "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/15/sea-levels-rising-faster-than-previously-thought-says-new-study"
} |
Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are called prokaryotes
(from the Greek meaning before nuclei). These cells have few internal
structures that are distinguishable under a microscope. Cells in the
monera kingdom such as bacteria and cyanobacteria (also known as
blue-green algae) are prokaryotes.
Prokaryotic cells differ significantly from eukaryotic cells. They
don't have a membrane-bound nucleus and instead of having chromosomal
DNA, their genetic information is in a circular loop called a
plasmid. Bacterial cells are very small, roughly the size of an animal
mitochondrion (about 1-2µm in diameter and 10 µm
long). Prokaryotic cells feature three major shapes: rod shaped, spherical, and spiral. Instead of going through elaborate replication
processes like eukaryotes, bacterial cells divide by binary fission.
Diagram of a prokaryotic cell. Notice
the internal organelles are not easily distinguishable.
Bacteria perform many important functions on earth. They serve as
decomposers, agents of fermentation, and play an important role in
our own digestive system. Also, bacteria are involved in many nutrient
cycles such as the nitrogen cycle, which restores nitrate into the
soil for plants. Unlike eukaryotic cells that depend on oxygen for
their metabolism, prokaryotic cells enjoy a diverse array of metabolic
functions. For example, some bacteria use sulfur instead of oxygen in | <urn:uuid:f127ed7e-d4a0-4a53-a560-1cfc937fb487> | {
"date": "2013-06-19T12:25:18",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9076064229011536,
"score": 4.09375,
"token_count": 324,
"url": "http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html"
} |
Writer Alyssa Danigelis posted an item of interest on Discovery News last month detailing the latest supposed “blow” to the biofuel industry. The writer highlights a new study in Agronomy Journal in which Kansas State University Assistant Professor Humberto Blanco-Canqui concludes, “Only a small fraction (about 25%) of residue might be available for removal, depending on soil type and climate. This small amount of crop residues is not economically feasible nor logistically possible.”
Matt Merritt of POET and Professor Bruce Dale of Michigan State University have posted responses to Blanco-Canqui’s conclusion. What they drive at is that the fraction of agricultural residue that can be removed from a field depends greatly on the geography and management of that field. Jim Hettenhaus of CEA Inc. has helped lead a study in Imperial, Neb., to determine optimum stover removal and storage practices based on local variables in soil type and weather, and he was kind enough to share preliminary results (See Stover Value Review). And several years ago, BIO published a study, Achieving Sustainable Production of Agricultural Biomass for Biorefinery Feedstock, that indicates the amount of residue removed from a field can be increased through adoption of no-till soil management.
The economic feasibility of harvesting crop residues for cellulosic biofuel production, of course, is highly dependent on the individual farmer. Aside from its value in managing organic carbon in tilled soil, crop residues are also currently used as animal bedding and other things. Individual farmers are thus faced with a decision whether the biofuel market for crop residues is attractive enought to induce them to change their field management practices, buy new harvesting equipment, and forego current uses of residues to instead transport them to a collection or storage facility. The same economic question faces any farmer who considers growing switchgrass or short-rotation woody crops, which are favored by Blanco-Canqui. And for the most part, biofuel production does not yet provide a compelling market for farmers, although POET and others have begun contracting directly with farmers to harvest and deliver small, easily harvested amounts of residues to pilot production plants.
Perhaps the most pernicious assumption behind many academic and press articles is that cellulosic ethanol “proposes turning waste into something useful.” Considering the costs of trash removal for most cities, even trash won’t be considered “waste” if it becomes a valuable feedstock for biofuels. Just as pernicious, perhaps, is the industry’s assumption that an apparently abundant resource is naturally a cheap resource. Inevitably, these assumptions have led everyone to search for the perfect energy source – one that doesn’t compete with food production, doesn’t require petroleum fertilizers, and doesn’t come with the dreaded “unintended consequences.” A far better plan would be to seek sources that best fit a local area, and then look for ways to manage them in economically and environmentally sound ways. | <urn:uuid:3a446f2b-5033-45f7-b6ce-7682f2f77455> | {
"date": "2017-03-23T00:17:31",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218186530.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212946-00391-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9378793239593506,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 635,
"url": "https://biofuelsandclimate.wordpress.com/2010/05/14/raining-on-cellulosic-ethanol%E2%80%99s-parade/"
} |
Keywords: carbon dioxide, engagement, environmental risk, communication strategies, carbon geosequestration, knowledge, public perception, risk perception, trust, greenhouse gas emissions, Australia, risk communication, trustworthiness
Initial public perceptions of carbon geosequestration: implications for engagement and environmental risk communication strategies
Despite active scientific research into the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, little is known about how the public perceives geosequestration technologies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and storing carbon dioxide in underground sites. Thus, through an online survey (n = 1273), this study investigated Australians' knowledge and perceptions of carbon geosequestration. Most respondents believed that it was important for Australia to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, yet only 18% had previously heard of geosequestration and only 5% closely followed the greenhouse debate. People were keen to participate in public discussions and learn more before forming a definite opinion, although many had 'Not-In-My-Backyard' reactions and raised concerns about the risks and effectiveness of technology and the trustworthiness of organisations. By highlighting current perceptions and knowledge about geosequestration, this research informs environmental risk communication strategies and emphasises the importance of early engagement, education and partnerships between stakeholders for fostering informed decision-making about its use in the Australian context. | <urn:uuid:f1a95479-ddfa-4a69-b226-6cff4d047223> | {
"date": "2017-03-29T07:50:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190234.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00186-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9211217164993286,
"score": 2.59375,
"token_count": 263,
"url": "https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/initial-public-perceptions-of-carbon-geosequestration-implications-for-engagement-and-environmental--44269"
} |
Two sheets of sticker paper and one bag of 3/4-inch wood blocks for $3.99: That's all this little game requires. Sometimes the simplest and cheapest games are the most fun.
I made two versions for my boys with nine dice each - to practice division with my 3rd grader and letter recognition with my preschool-aged son.
Division Dice Roll Match-Up
Once the PDF was printed, squares cut, sticker paper tediously peeled and stuck to the die, we were ready to play. On the nine dice are the numbers 1 through 10. The remaining sides of the die have division equations. Two additional symbols - a star and smile - are also represented.
My son rolled all the dice. Then he looked first for the numerals (the answers). Did he have any equations with the numerals rolled as answers (e.g. if he rolled a 3, he'd studied the division problems looking for any, such as 12 divided by 4). The number of problems he could solve with the numerals he rolled was his score.
If he also rolled a star, he got an extra point.
If he rolled a smile, he could double his score (so if he'd made two equations, his score was four).
We took turns rolling and solving problems. If either of us missed an equation that had an answer rolled, we got a point during our opponent's turn.
We played for 10 minutes. Because a big part of winning is luck, even parents and older siblings will enjoy playing along!
Letter Dice Roll Match-Up
For my four year old, the game was about matching upper and lower case letters. This is still a struggle for my little guy, so I let him play his way - finding the letters he remembered and turning the dice to look for their upper or lower case counterpart.
I can't wait to keep playing with him as his familiarity grows and letter recognition improves. We'll eventually be able to keep score too, which will only improve his counting!
Download a free two-page PDF with the labels I used (page 1 = letters; page 2 = division) here.
Toss these die in a snack-sized ziploc and throw it in your purse. This little game would be great to play while waiting for your order next time you're out to eat! | <urn:uuid:a25396ba-e925-47b9-a72a-e005cbb370fd> | {
"date": "2014-03-11T19:25:19",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-10",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011250185/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305092050-00006-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9807564616203308,
"score": 2.703125,
"token_count": 482,
"url": "http://deceptivelyeducational.blogspot.com/2013/11/dice-roll-match-up-division-and-letters.html"
} |
The Safe Routes to School program helps communities make walking and bicycling to and from school a safe, healthy alternative to taking a car or bus. At the same time, it seeks to reduce the number of overweight children in Mississippi through programs and activities that will increase exercise and physical activity among school-aged children from kindergarten through 8th grade.
MSDH offers these program and services to communities and schools through funds received from the Mississippi Department of Transportation, which oversees the Mississippi Safe Routes to School program.
|About the Program||Activities||Resources||Contact|
About the Program
- In Mississippi, almost 4 out of 10 children are overweight or at risk of becoming obese.
- Safe Routes to School program encourages physical activity by choosing safe routes to walk to school rather than riding the school bus, thus reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality in the vicinity of schools.
- Fewer than 15 percent of all school trips are made by walking or bicycling. One-quarter are made on a school bus, and over half of all children arrive at school in private automobiles. (2001 National Household Travel Survey conducted by Federal Highway Administration)
- Bicycles are associated with more childhood injuries than any consumer product except the automobile. The Safe Routes program and the Walk to School project are educating walkers, bikers and drivers to make streets safe for kids.
The Safe Routes STARS (Students Taking Active Routes Safely) Program provides pedestrian and bicycle safety instruction to 2nd and 5th grade students, parents, schools and community members across Mississippi and will promote safe walking and biking as a fun, healthy ways to get to and from school safely. More about STARS »
A bicycle rodeo is a lesson in bicycle safety, which usually features bike inspections, safety lectures, and a miniature course that children can use to practice cycling safely. Optional activities could include helmet fitting, prizes and drawings, and in some cases commercial bike shop booths to give expert advice on using bicycle equipment properly.
A walk-a-thon is an activity used to create a fun atmosphere while promoting a healthy and active lifestyle in children.
Walk-to-School Day is a one day event where children, parents, teachers, and community leaders walk to school together to promote being active and making streets more friendly for walking and bicycling.
Walking School Buses
A walking school bus is a small group of students, accompanied by one or more adults on their walk to and from school.
Schedule a Safe Routes Event
MSDH provides Bicycle Safety and Pedestrian Safety educational events for your school or community organization. To arrange one, use our form below:
Planning and Information
Links to More Resources
For more information about the Safe Routes to School programs and services, contact:
- Ashley Bryant
Office of Preventive Health
Division of Injury/Violence Prevention | <urn:uuid:bda67c91-d06d-4a47-9f79-1211941cc279> | {
"date": "2018-03-21T11:04:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647612.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321102234-20180321122234-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9426679015159607,
"score": 3.234375,
"token_count": 591,
"url": "http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/_static/42,0,98,442.html"
} |
Average American families spend approximately $1,600 to $1,800 annually on clothing, shoes and accessories, which translates to between 3 and 4 percent of their household incomes. The numbers for expenditure on clothes remains largely the same over the years and even across income gaps. However, clothing sales, like other commodity items, rise and fall periodically over time, creating slight fluctuations in their numbers.Continue Reading
Between 2011 and 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, or BLS, lists the average American incomes as just over $49,000 for 2011, then just over $51,000 for the next 2 years. Clothing, shoes and accessories account for the lowest group of average American expenses. The amount families spend on clothing remains the same among income divides too. Families earning under $19,000 annually allocate just under four percent of their budgets to clothing. Families with incomes between $50,000 and $69,000, considered the middle class, spend just over three percent each year on clothes, while upper-class families, with incomes exceeding $150,000, spend about the same as the lowest class on clothes.
In addition to clothing, Americans historically spend certain amounts of their personal incomes on items in other categories. Cash contributions follow clothing, accounting for around $1,800 of Americans' annual expenses. American families in the lower and middle classes spend more on food prepared in their homes, while the upper class allocates more funds to take-out food; this group puts a considerably larger amount of money away each year for retirement.Learn more about Clothing | <urn:uuid:8412ff37-7d4e-4981-ad31-c366308ab8ef> | {
"date": "2017-08-18T15:09:02",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104681.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818140908-20170818160908-00056.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9444371461868286,
"score": 2.578125,
"token_count": 319,
"url": "https://www.reference.com/beauty-fashion/average-family-spend-clothing-761c13abad53a2b7"
} |
SS Great Britain is a museum ship and former passenger steamship, advanced for her time. She was the longest passenger ship in the world from 1845 to 1854. She was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Steamship Company's transatlantic service between Bristol and New York. While other ships had been built of iron or equipped with a screw propeller, Great Britain was the first to combine these features in a large ocean-going ship. She was the first iron steamer to cross the Atlantic, which she did in 1845, in the time of 14 days. | <urn:uuid:d7851c67-3267-454f-9d1d-3f17866c2add> | {
"date": "2018-02-21T07:54:32",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813571.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221063956-20180221083956-00056.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9858707785606384,
"score": 3.125,
"token_count": 122,
"url": "https://www.360cities.net/ru/image/ss-great-britain-foreship"
} |
HPV Now the Leading Cause of Oral Cancers in the US
Dentists nationwide partner with The Oral Cancer Foundation to raise awareness
NEWPORT BEACH, Calif., April 4, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- A serious change in the cause of oral cancer is taking place nationally, and its implications are impacting the American public in a manner that a decade ago no one would have predicted.
For decades, oral cancer (also known as mouth cancer, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, and throat cancer) has been a disease which most often occurred in older individuals, who during their lifetimes had been tobacco users. Most cases were ultimately the result of lifestyle choices. Today that paradigm has changed. A common, sexually transferred virus has replaced tobacco as the number one cause of oral cancers, Human Papilloma Virus number 16 (HPV16). This is one of the same viruses that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancers in women.
This year alone, approximately 37,000 Americans will be newly diagnosed with oral cancer, and one person will die every hour of every day from this disease. HPV16, one of about 130 versions of the virus, is now the leading cause of oral cancer, and is found in about 60% of newly diagnosed patients. Dr. Maura Gillison from the James Cancer Center, a long time researcher of the relationship between HPV and oral cancers, recently reported these new findings at the American Academy for the Advancement of Science meeting.
This change in etiology, which has accelerated its influence over the last two decades as tobacco use in the US simultaneously was declining, has also changed the demographics of who is getting the disease. It is no longer the domain of those over 50 who have smoked a decade or more of their lives. The fastest growing segment of the oral cancer population, are people in the 25-50 age range, who are never smokers, and that group predominantly comes to the disease from HPV16. Their oral cancers occur in locations anatomically unique, mostly localized to the posterior of the mouth; in the oropharynx, tonsils, and at the base of the tongue. This viral etiology makes identifying the "high risk" individual much more difficult.
Tobacco use in any form by itself continues to be an important risk factor for the disease. However, in the developed world, oral cancers are becoming more common because of persistent HPV16 viral infections. Evidence indicates that the virus can be sexually transmitted between partners, and accounts for the increase in young victims of oral cancer who do not fall into the historic, tobacco risk factor group. Additional risk factors include high alcohol consumption, the use of conventional smokeless (chewing/spit) tobacco, as well as prolonged exposure to the sun (for lip cancers).
In a National effort to raise awareness, The Oral Cancer Foundation has joined forces with dental offices throughout the US to screen individuals for the disease. Together, OCF and the dental community are urging the American public to take advantage of free oral cancer screenings during Oral Cancer Awareness Month in April. Over 1250 free screening events are taking place in dental offices across America in this one month alone. These simple visual and tactile screenings hold the hope for an early discovery, sometimes even as a pre cancer, when current treatments are the most effective and survival is the highest. A list of the offices participating in this event can be located on the foundation's web site at:
Dr. Ross Kerr, an oral medicine specialist at NYU comments, "In a painless, three to five minute oral cancer screening, most of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer can be seen with the naked eye, felt with the fingers, or elucidated during the patient's oral history interview. Suspect tissues can be easily biopsied for a definitive diagnosis. Unlike most other cancer detection exams, the screening for oral cancer does not require any special equipment, is not uncomfortable or expensive, nor require invasive procedures. Any dentist or primary care physician and many nurses and dental hygienists, who have been trained to do oral cancer examinations, are in a position to find the early signs and symptoms of this disease. The dental community, through this partnership with The Oral Cancer Foundation, is positioning itself as the first line of defense against oral cancer through the process of early discovery of suspect tissues. "
Oral cancer kills almost three times as many people as cervical cancer every year, and is responsible for more deaths than from other cancers we hear about more routinely. Yet it continues to remain off the radar to most of the American public. Only recently when actor Michael Douglas was diagnosed with a base of tongue oral cancer, did the disease gain significant visibility.
It is an insidious disease, as in its early development it does not always produce physical symptoms that a person may be aware of, and this makes routine, professional screening highly important. If oral cancer is detected early (in stages 1 or 2), the survival rate can be as high as 80%-90%; but when found as a late stage disease (stages 3 or 4), the chances of survival drop to 20%-30%. Unfortunately, in more than half the cases, oral cancer is found in its later stages, and late discovery and diagnosis are major factors in the high death rate.
The good news is that it does not have to be this way. Like other cancer screenings you engage in such as cervical, skin, prostate, colon and breast examinations, opportunistic oral cancer screenings are an effective means of finding cancer at its early, highly curable stages.
Brian Hill, an HPV+ stage four oral cancer survivor and OCF Founder said, "Reducing the high death rate associated with oral cancer is a tangible opportunity today. We have seen early detection positively impact the death rates of many other cancers. The most notable is our sister disease, cervical cancer. Like oral cancer, it is predominantly squamous cell carcinoma, and is caused almost exclusively by the same HPV virus group. In the 1950's when American women began getting an opportunistic annual cervical screening, we saw the death rate associated with it drop dramatically. A reduction in oral cancer deaths is not waiting on a new scientific discovery, diagnostic device, intervention, or treatment to make it occur. We do need increased public awareness, coupled with an engaged professional dental and medical community doing opportunistic screenings, to make death reduction a reality. The American public needs to avoid known risk factors and make sure that they receive an oral cancer exam at least annually."
The Oral Cancer Foundation is encouraging the public to take advantage of these free screenings during April's Oral Cancer Awareness Month. There are hundreds of free screening events taking place throughout the country. To learn more about oral cancer, or to find a screening location near you, go to the foundation's website, www.oralcancer.org. Early detection saves lives.
The Oral Cancer Foundation is an IRS registered 501c3 non-profit public service charity, that provides information, patient support, sponsorship of research and advocacy related to this disease.
SOURCE The Oral Cancer Foundation
Browse our custom packages or build your own to meet your unique communications needs.
Learn about PR Newswire services
Request more information about PR Newswire products and services or call us at (888) 776-0942. | <urn:uuid:728c74a6-85c2-460d-b21a-c3266bdd049a> | {
"date": "2013-12-11T13:48:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164036943/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133356-00002-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9616128206253052,
"score": 2.765625,
"token_count": 1479,
"url": "http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hpv-now-the-leading-cause-of-oral-cancers-in-the-us-119168359.html"
} |
Cattle ranchers in the Paradise Valley say shipping weights have declined since wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. They say their cattle stay close to gates instead of grazing entire pastures. Wary animals tend to eat less than relaxed animals. To see if there's a correlation between wolves and lower shipping weights, Jim Knight will examine shipping records and a variety of factors that may be responsible for reduced weights. He'll look at rainfall records, for example. He may obtain satellite images that show vegetation cover. Knight, a professor of animal and range sciences at Montana State University and an MSU Extension Wildlife Specialist, expects to finish his study by the end of the summer.
Better than Tang
Space exploration has done a lot more than produce Tang, Teflon and Velcro, says MSU astrophysicist Neil Cornish. The best spin-off in his opinion has been in education. Cornish said human space flights and robotic satellite missions got him excited about science as a kid, and space programs are doing the same thing today. He sees space-inspired students at MSU where he trains the next generation of scientists and is involved in a variety of space missions. Some of those missions measure gravitational waves, map the universe and deal with giant antennas. A conversation with Cornish can get into black holes, dark energy, the Big Bang, or a souped-up version of the Hubble telescope.
A farrier's life
Why would anyone shoe horses for a living? That's what Cindy Stillwell, an award-winning filmmaker at MSU, wants to know. Stillwell will research the lifestyle of Montana farriers while on sabbatical during the 2006-07 school year. She'll start with a farrier in the Shields Valley and intends to turn her findings into an hour-long documentary that will incorporate film, video, color, and black-and-white images. The project continues her exploration of lifestyles associated with rural America, particularly in the West, Stillwell said. Stillwell's films have been shown three times at the Slamdance Film Festival and most recently at the Sundance Film Festival. She hopes the farrier film will be accepted for Sundance, too.
More than robots
Robots are great, but students can do other things with electrical and computer engineering, says Jim Becker, assistant professor at MSU. They can use high-frequency electronics, for example, to steer an antenna beam without physically moving an antenna. That doesn't mean students can sit on the couch and control the TV antenna on the roof, but it refers to high band width communication, Becker said. Becker teaches upper-level students about high-frequency electronics, but he wants to spread the word to college freshmen and sophomores, too. A new project will allow MSU instructors to sprinkle the basic concepts into their introductory courses. As students advance, they'll learn more about high-frequency electronics and may get into optical controls, as well.
Tiny technology, big news
Scientists and doctors dream of the day when they can send medicine only to the cells that need it. MSU scientists have been working toward that goal, and the word is spreading. The journal Science recently announced plans to publish an article on Trevor Douglas' and Mark Young's work at MSU's Center for Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials. Douglas and Young make tiny protein cages from viruses. One potential use is carrying drugs to specific targets. Viruses are found in an array of environments, including the thermal hot pools of Yellowstone National Park. In other developments, MSU now has an exclusive license agreement with SpeciGen for intellectual property involving protein cages. SpeciGen has offices in Corvallis, Mont., and Palo Alto, Calif., and plans to start manufacturing in Bozeman.
Evelyn Boswell, (406) 994-5135 or [email protected] | <urn:uuid:4ad861e4-2acb-43da-841b-69c0f84889a0> | {
"date": "2014-10-31T12:54:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-42",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637899701.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025819-00217-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9542442560195923,
"score": 2.65625,
"token_count": 793,
"url": "http://www.montana.edu/news/3712/research-roundup-at-montana-state-university-259"
} |
Keeping whales safe in sound
20 January 2014 | International news release
A unique collaboration between the oil and gas industry, scientists and conservationists proves a way to minimize seismic survey impacts on rare whales and other species.
A step-by-step guide to reducing impacts on whales and other marine species during seismic sea floor surveys has been developed by experts with IUCN’s Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel (WGWAP) and Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd.
In the study, published in the journal Aquatic Mammals, the authors present the most thorough, robust and practical approach to minimizing and monitoring the risk of harm to vulnerable marine species when intense sounds are used to survey the sea floor primarily in the search for oil and gas.
“This is a valuable tool for oil and gas companies, regulators and others on all aspects of developing and implementing successful environmental monitoring and mitigation programmes that are precautionary, responsible and effective,” says lead author Dr Doug Nowacek, WGWAP Member from Duke University.
In seismic surveys, air guns towed behind ships repeat powerful bursts of sound. Sensors measure the return echo to reveal details of the sea floor and underlying geologic structure to a depth of several kilometers. Sound is a powerful tool for imaging and investigating the sea floor that is deployed mostly by the energy industry to pinpoint the location of oil or gas. Such surveys are also used for mapping the continental shelf and for finding the best sites for new offshore wind energy projects.
Whales rely on sound for communication, navigation and foraging. Exposure to loud noise from seismic surveys can result in stress and behaviour changes, affect foraging and nursing, or cause direct physical damage.
The study describes the most comprehensive whale protection programme ever developed for a seismic survey, used by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd – an oil and gas company with Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi as shareholders – in a survey close to the main Western Gray Whale feeding area near Sakhalin Island, on the Russian coast, just north of Japan.
“The survey was completed on schedule and all monitoring and mitigation components were successfully implemented. The company obtained the necessary data, while, at the same time, minimizing the risk of disturbance to whales. The approach was so successful that the results of ongoing analysis have not revealed significant direct impact on the whales,” says Mr Carl Gustaf Lundin, Director of Global Marine and Polar Programme at IUCN, which convenes WGWAP.
The feeding areas near Sakhalin – a region with huge offshore oil and gas deposits – are vital for the survival of Western Gray Whales, listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. They fast during the breeding season and most of their long migration from feeding to breeding and calving areas. Obtaining enough food, body mass and energy is crucial for their travels, which can cover tens of thousands of kilometers and are known as one of the longest migrations by any mammal.
Based on the experience in developing and conducting Sakhalin Energy’s survey and associated mitigation and monitoring programme, the authors propose a broader approach that can be adapted to seismic surveys in any environmentally sensitive area. Each such survey, however, must take into account their specific circumstances – for example, local species, environmental features, the history and nature of other operations in the area.
“Key to minimizing impacts during seismic surveys is advance knowledge of marine life distribution and migrations and timing a survey accordingly, “says co-author Dr Greg Donovan, Chairman of the WGWAP Seismic Survey and Noise Task Forces and Head of Science at the International Whaling Commission. “In the Sakhalin case that means conducting the survey as early as possible in spring when the ice has melted but most of the whales have not yet arrived.”
Recommendations in the study include the need to:
- Obtain baseline ecological data;
- Conduct detailed advance planning, communication and critical review of survey design and mitigation approaches;
- Restrict the survey area and limit estimated noise levels to minimize a survey's "acoustic footprint”;
- Employ real-time visual and acoustic monitoring of noise levels, whale locations and behavior, before during and after the survey;
- Halt the survey if the animals are too close or show strong reactions to the seismic activity;
- Conduct systematic analyses of results to inform future planning and mitigation.
Some governments and companies planning seismic surveys around the world have already expressed interest in the experience of Sakhalin Energy’s survey and the responsible approach described in the Aquatic Mammals paper.
- “We hope our guidelines on how to reduce the environmental impacts of seismic work in the oceans will find their way into the manuals of energy companies and environmental agencies around the world.” Lead authors Dr Doug Nowacek, WGWAP Member from Duke University and Dr. Brandon Southall, WGWAP Associate Scientist from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and President & Senior Scientist for Southall Environmental Associates, Inc.
- “Our paper draws upon the experience and practical knowledge of the industry as well as rigorous applied science from acousticians and marine mammal scientists to develop a broadly applicable framework for minimizing the potential impacts of seismic surveys and quantitatively assessing the efficacy of mitigation measures used. Our goal was to synthesize Sakhalin lessons learnt and develop an approach to enable seismic surveys to be conducted in an environmentally responsible manner, regardless of purpose or species within the region.” Co-author Dr. Greg Donovan, Chairman of the WGWAP Seismic Survey and Noise Task Forces and Head of Science at the International Whaling Commission.
- “We are proud of the Panel’s and Sakhalin Energy’s commitment to responsible energy development that safeguards marine life and call on other companies operating offshore to adopt these valuable recommendations as essential behaviour. IUCN believes that the oil & gas sector should not only recognize their impact on the environment, but also become part of the solution on how it can meet the energy needs without sacrificing nature.” Ms Julia Marton-Lefèvre, IUCN Director General
- “Indeed, Western Gray Whales and other marine species can only be saved by the combined efforts of all companies operating in the vicinity of their habitats. WGWAP serves as a model of how business, scientists and the conservation community can work together to ensure a sustainable future for our seas and oceans. We have been working with Sakhalin Energy already for 10 years. The company’s approach for its seismic survey that was developed jointly with WGWAP is just one example of a precautionary approach taken by a responsible oil and gas operator that adheres to the highest environmental standards. We are eager to share these lessons learnt and help other companies in Sakhalin and around the world improve their practices.”Mr. Carl Gustaf Lundin, Director, IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme
- “If we are serious about conservation, we cannot afford to remain aloof and stand apart from discussions with industry. In the case of offshore oil and gas, the risks to nature are huge, and credible science must be brought to bear for both measuring and minimizing these risks.”Dr. Randall Reeves, Chairman of WGWAP and Cetacean Specialist Group of IUCN Species Survival Commission.
- "While producing valued and necessary products, companies impact natural resources that are part of global commons. Such production should occur as responsibly as possible by minimizing risks to potentially affected valued public resources. It is in the best interest of all parties to follow responsible practices in the planning, execution and analysis of seismic surveys as we strive for the wise utilization and conservation of valuable natural resources.“ Co-author Dr. Alexander Vedenev, WGWAP Member and Head of the Laboratory on Noises and Sound Fluctuations in the Ocean at P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences.
The authors of the study Responsible Practices for Minimizing and Monitoring Environmental Impacts of Marine Seismic Surveys with an Emphasis on Marine Mammals include the following members of the WGWAP Seismic Surveys and Noise Task Forces: Dr Doug Nowacek, Duke University (USA); Koen Bröker, Shell Global Solutions (Netherlands); Dr Greg Donovan, International Whaling Commission (UK); Dr Glenn Gailey, Texas A&M University at Galveston (USA); Dr Roberto Racca, JASCO Applied Sciences Ltd (Canada); Dr Randall Reeves, Okapi Wildlife Associates (Canada); Dr Alexander Vedenev, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia); Dr David Weller, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA); Dr Brandon Southall, Southall Environmental Associates and University of California at Santa Cruz (USA).
This study is an outcome of work over the period of 2006-2012 within the context of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel (WGWAP), convened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and supported by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. A grant to IUCN from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) was used specifically to enable lead authors Dr. Nowacek and Dr. Southall to devote time to prepare the manuscript.
- Environmentally sensitive areas are regarded as those containing endangered species or critical breeding/feeding habitat for multiple species or large numbers of individual organisms.
- Monitoring applies to a program for collecting data both to test for effects after the seismic survey has concluded and to apply the results to the planning of future surveys (e.g., revise exposure criteria).
- Mitigation represents the measures designed for and implemented during the survey specifically to eliminate or minimize the impacts on animals in the area; such measures range widely from the implementation of a safety radius to the timing of the survey.
Since 2004, IUCN has worked with Sakhalin Energy in order to provide advice and recommendations on how the company can minimize risks associated with its operations on the Western Gray Whale population and its habitat. As one part of this broad initiative, in 2006 IUCN created a permanent panel of independent scientists – the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel (WGWAP) – which consists of 11 top Russian and international experts on a range of disciplines. The Panel provides scientific advice and recommendations on the company’s operational plans and mitigation measures of its Sakhalin-2 project, one of the world's largest oil and gas operations. Through this positive and effective cooperation a unique holistic set of state-of-art monitoring and mitigation measures has been developed to reduce risks to the whales. The project demonstrates how critically endangered species can coexist with the economic development and aims at the development of better scientific knowledge of the species, as well as international best practices for the environmental management aspects of oil and gas operations in environmentally sensitive habitats such as Sakhalin.
For more information, to set up interviews or to obtain the full article in Aquatic Mammals, please contact:
- Anete Berzina, IUCN Western Gray Whale Conservation Initiative, +41 22 999 0703, anete.berzina[at]iucn.org
- Terry Collins,+1-416-538-8712; +1-416-878-8712; tc[at]tca.ca | <urn:uuid:e124868f-ba31-4a91-8de1-0b7cac9af761> | {
"date": "2015-09-02T08:41:14",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645258858.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031418-00170-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9213148355484009,
"score": 3.234375,
"token_count": 2360,
"url": "http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/usa/?14297/Keeping-Whales-Safe-in-Sound"
} |
The panel cautions the chemical makeup of crude oil is only one variable; weather conditions and response time are also big factors
CALGARY—A report by the Royal Society of Canada is calling for a nationally co-ordinated research program involving academia, government and industry that includes studying controlled oil spills in the field.
The report’s release comes as Canada’s oil producers clamour for ways to get their oil to market and industry critics sound alarms over the safety of moving crude via pipelines, train and tanker.
The panel says the heavy oilsands-derived crude that would move through proposed pipelines like Energy East and the Trans Mountain Expansion has components that are less likely to break down in water than lighter types of oil.
But the panel cautions the chemical makeup of the crude is only one variable. Weather conditions and response time are big factors in how environmentally damaging a spill ends up being.
The roughly 400-page report was commissioned by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers and the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association. But those industry groups did not have a say in who sat on the panel or the content of the final report.
Industry groups and government bodies often enlist the Royal Society _ an association that includes some of Canada’s top scientists and scholars _ to conduct research on their behalf.
Kenneth Lee, who chaired the seven-member panel, said CAPP and CEPA only saw the report 24 hours before its release.
He said one of the big takeaways is that it’s not necessarily the case that diluted bitumen from the oilsands—often referred as dilbit—is more damaging if spilled into water than other types of crude, given the myriad other factors at play.
“It’s much more than ‘Gee- dilbit’s really bad and light oil evaporates,”’ said Lee, director of oceans and atmosphere at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.
“There are so many factors that you have to understand and where’s the data for those areas of risk?”
The National Energy Board is weighing two major oil pipeline proposals—the Trans Mountain Expansion to the Vancouver area and the Energy East pipeline to New Brunswick. The process has been criticized by environmental and First Nations groups and the new Liberal government has signalled changes are coming.
Lee said it’s not for him to say what the NEB or the federal Natural Resources department ought to do with the report’s findings.
“There are knowledge gaps, but how much risk they’re willing to accept is up to them. That’s something that the regulator does. We’re scientists that provide the facts to them to make those decisions.”
The panel identified seven “high priority research needs,” which are: | <urn:uuid:4f6d0a22-3f71-453a-9581-428b38d0bdec> | {
"date": "2017-08-20T23:14:33",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106996.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820223702-20170821003702-00456.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.95343416929245,
"score": 2.734375,
"token_count": 586,
"url": "http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/manufacturing/royal-society-canada-says-major-gaps-exist-oil-spill-research-158172/"
} |
Though “The Japanese Quince” has far-reaching ramifications about the main characters’ lives (as does its central symbol), the story’s events transpire in less than an hour in the compressed length of less than three pages. Upstairs in the midst of his early morning pre-breakfast routine, Mr. Nilson becomes aware of a disturbing sensation that he cannot identify. Downstairs, when the sensation recurs, he decides to take a stroll in the garden square surrounded by the exclusive row houses of his neighborhood.
Once outside, Mr. Nilson is charmed by an ornamental tree and a blackbird singing in it. Suddenly, he becomes aware that his next-door neighbor is nearby, also admiring the tree, and the two, who have not been formally introduced, exchange a few laudatory remarks about the Japanese quince and the blackbird. Then, both becoming embarrassed, the pair bid each other good morning and return to their houses. About to reenter his house, Nilson again gazes at the tree and the blackbird, experiences the disturbing sensation, notices his neighbor (also about to reenter his house) gazing at the tree and bird, and then, “unaccountably upset,” turns “abruptly” into the house and opens his morning newspaper. | <urn:uuid:3e0663d8-36c2-496b-ad60-bed073f03988> | {
"date": "2014-11-26T03:08:05",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-49",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931005028.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155645-00244-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.978620171546936,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 273,
"url": "http://www.enotes.com/topics/japanese-quince"
} |
Unlike mammography for breast cancer or colonoscopy for colon cancer, there has been no widely accepted screening tool to detect lung cancer at an early stage. With the growing consensus that annual low-dose CT screening should be recommended for individuals at high risk for lung cancer, the American Lung Association (http://www.lung.org/) is launching an online tool to help users determine whether they meet the guidelines to be screened by CT for lung cancer. If this screening were widely implemented, 3,000 to 4,000 lives could be saved annually.
The timing of the launch of the online tool, LungCancerScreeningSavesLives.org, leads up to Lung Cancer Awareness Month in November. The site asks visitors a series of questions that helps determine whether they meet the guidelines to be screened for lung cancer.
"Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer in America. This new online assessment tool is a first step toward promoting low-dose screenings that can help identify lung cancers at an earlier, treatable stage, so we can save the lives of people who otherwise might not have been cured," says Albert Rizzo, M.D., former American Lung Association National Board Chair and member of the Lung Association's Lung Cancer Screening Panel and chief of Christiana Care Health System's Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section.
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently issued draft recommendations for annual low-dose CT screening for individuals at high risk for lung cancer; an estimated seven million Americans. This includes current or former smokers, ages 55-79, who have smoked the equivalent of a pack a day for 30 years and have smoked within the past 15 years.
"If this tool and screening were around just a few years ago and lung cancer could have been detected in its early stages, my husband might still be here with me," said Robin Scaramella from Chicago who lost her husband five years ago to lung cancer.
"We're excited about launching this tool and the low-dose screenings. It's a big step in the fight against lung cancer," said Harold P. Wimmer, National President and CEO of the American Lung Association. "The Lung Association released guidelines on low-dose lung cancer screenings in 2012, based on the National Cancer Institute's National Lung Cancer Screening Trial. The USPSTF's recommendations further the opportunity to raise awareness about the availability of a tool for early detection, ultimately increasing lung cancer survival rates." The Lung Association has created this online tool to help people understand quickly whether they are candidates for low-dose CT screening.
In addition to the online lung cancer screening assessment tool, the Lung Association provides several resources for lung cancer patients and their caregivers, including: Facing Lung Cancer from Day One, (http://action.lung.org/site/R?i=lL5ZJQ_rL2tOad9SKiGuEg) an online tool with valuable educational and supportive resources; and the Lung Connection, (http://action.lung.org/site/R?i=329qBWdy90vRo-YWD8s_wA) an online community for people living with lung disease. The Lung HelpLine can also answer questions about lung health or CT screenings; calls are toll-free at 1-800-LUNG-USA .
TNS 24HariRad-131026-30FurigayJane-4529511 30FurigayJane
© 2013 Targeted News Service
|Cold and Flu|
|Hair, Skin, Nails| | <urn:uuid:b87ef4d2-886f-42cd-b299-cb6e159e5483> | {
"date": "2018-05-21T12:36:53",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864186.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521122245-20180521142245-00096.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9091926217079163,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 740,
"url": "http://www.moseshealth.com/promog/ConditionCenter.asp?ConditionID=9&ArticleID=1154&StoreID=1L6F7JS9PSJ68GRQ67QLL5B6KP06D7K8"
} |
A team of scientists from the University of Surrey, UK, are excitedly putting the finishing touches to their latest satellite, called STRaND-1. Due to launch on February 25th, the hi-tech beast is powered by... a Google Nexus One?
The satellite, which measures 12 inches in length and weighs just 10 pounds, will be launched into a 785km sun-synchronous orbit from India. It's really a testing ground, which might explain why it's powered by a now-defunct smartphone. Dr Chris Bridges, the lead engineer on the project, explains to IET:
"A smartphone on a satellite like this has never been launched before but our tests have been pretty thorough, subjecting the phone to oven and freezer temperatures, to a vacuum and blasting it with radiation. It has a good chance of working as it should, but you can never make true design evolutions or foster innovation without taking a few risks: STRaND is cool because it allows us to do just that."
In reality, of course, space technology usually lags behind its Earth-bound counterpart in terms of computational crunch, because it's important that the devices are solid and reliable. In fact, the STRaND-1 will use a series of apps loaded onto the phone to collect data, and the phone will at some point control the majority of the satellite's functions. But could they not at least have upgraded to a Nexus 4? [IET] | <urn:uuid:073d8170-b88d-4f1f-a120-f6f0d060cd54> | {
"date": "2014-08-02T02:42:17",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-23",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510276250.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011756-00444-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9629901647567749,
"score": 2.890625,
"token_count": 300,
"url": "http://gizmodo.com/5982398/uk-scientists-are-launching-a-satellite-powered-by-a-google-nexus-one?tag=space"
} |
It writes directly into the page text, while the DOM is not yet built, and the browser puts it into DOM at generation-time. It interprets both mouse chink and cardinal board input. Web documents use hypertext, which incorporates text and graphical links to other documents and files on Internet-connected computers.
Applet is a much better platform. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Tonss of FTP clients and mechanization public-service corporations have since been developed for desktops.
For instance, in document.
Reading Multiple Files and Properties Using a Closure Reading multiple files can be a little trickier, depending on how you do it.
Gopher provided a utile platform for the first large-scale electronic library connexions. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.
The information may be a specialist in web pages, images, information and other types of files. FTP is normally used to reassign Web page files from their Godhead to the computing machine that acts as their waiter for everyone on the Internet.
It is likely to work on other platforms as well. User has to click the "New Game" button to start a new game. Whenever the user clicks on a cell, the play event handler triggers with the mousedown event object as the argument.
Of course, all that is doable, but not in an elegant way. So the final list will be: A Date Picker Click the image to run the demo. The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.
usually in the signifier of a username and watchword. but can link anonymously if the waiter is configured to let it.
application. a alone computing machine named World Wide Web. ietf. org. and the location of a text file or page. Hello I have a form that has many input types on it such as a text box, select box, etc but it also contains the input type file.
I tried every conceivable security setting, code tweak, zone. (which I'd never heard of before this thread) and.
Java Developers: Why does the BufferedWriter in Java clear the file before start writing? and How does it work?
Update Cancel. ad by Cuba Platform. How to choose a framework for enterprise application development. In this article we put frameworks in different sets and talk about the tasks each class fits best. How can I create a script to delete a file?
Ask Question. you could write a batch script to solve your problem. something along the lines of: del "C:\Program Files\Our crappy software\file to be joeshammas.com?" / Which air minister said (before or during WW2) that parachute troops are just a circus?.
Typically, your scripts may want to write data into a text file. There are a few approaches to this. First of all, if you just want to output a few lines of text to a file, use the Set-Content commandlet, which really has no equivalent in joeshammas.com world.
It takes a file name and a group of objects, then writing those objects into the file.Download | <urn:uuid:d5d7df09-d91d-4333-bfc9-0f81f66deab7> | {
"date": "2019-06-24T13:49:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999539.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624130856-20190624152856-00216.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9266144633293152,
"score": 3.359375,
"token_count": 697,
"url": "https://nepyzok.joeshammas.com/java-clear-text-file-before-writing-a-script-28219is.html"
} |
About the Technican Class License
The Technician Class license is your introduction to Amateur Radio.
Exam Requirement: 35-question Technician Written Exam (Element 2).
Privileges: All VHF/UHF Amateur bands (frequencies above 30 MHz). Limited operations in certain HF bands.
The FCC Technician License exam covers basic regulations, electronics theory and operating practices, focusing VHF and UHF applications.
Obtaining a Technician Class license will allow you all ham radio privileges above 30 MHz., including the very popular 2-meter band. Technician licensees can enjoy using small (2 meter) hand-held radios to stay in touch with other hams in their area. Technicians can operate FM voice, television, digital packet as well as single-sideband voice and several other interesting modes.
International radio contact can be made through use of satellites in accordance with relatively simple station equipment.
Technician licensees have some privileges on certain HF frequencies. Technicians may operate on the 15, 40, and 80 meter bands using CW (continuous wave), and on the 10 meter band using CW, voice and digital modes.
Morse code knowledge is not required for the Technician Class license. (But since we think Morse code is really, really cool, we give you some great Morse code training tools free with every purchase.) | <urn:uuid:72acc8ea-a6a9-450c-b69d-fca6a180359b> | {
"date": "2016-02-06T18:17:42",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701147492.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193907-00264-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.901021420955658,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 273,
"url": "http://www.hamradiolicenseprep.com/technician-class-license.php"
} |
Four pairs of breeding rats and their progeny can give rise to 15 million offspring over the course of one year, adjusting for litter size, the offspring’s sexual maturity and how often females can reproduce. Credit: University of Arizona One person died and two others fell ill last February in New York City after contracting Leptospirosis, a disease caused by the bacteria Leptospira. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through cattle, pigs, horses, dogs and, as in this case, rats. Left untreated, Leptospira can cause kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress and even death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. So serious is the matter that New York’s official website includes a portal dedicated to handling complaints about the rodents as well as riches of information about the little mammals. New Yorkers and others can report rats in restaurants, rats in residence, rats in sewers and rats on public transit, not to mention rats loitering in streets and on city sidewalks. The site urges humans to rid themselves of rats through sound sanitation, a well-sealed home—and poison, or rodenticide, the last option that is frowned upon by some.
But enter SenesTech, based in Flagstaff, Arizona, the maker of ContraPest, a non-toxic, fertility-control product with its roots at the University of Arizona. This month, SenesTech will begin its collaboration with the New York Department of Health to target rat infestations at certain sites in the city. Through the UA Office of Technology Transfer, which has since been reinvented as Tech Launch Arizona, the UA first applied for the patent for ContraPest’s liquid-bait technology in 2002 and licensed it exclusively to SenesTech in 2005.
Female rats, like all female mammals, are born with a set number of eggs. ContraPest works by using a chemical known as 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, or VCD, to destroy female rats’ ovarian follicles in their most immature form, each of which contains one egg. The destruction of ovarian follicles is itself a natural process that occurs over time in all female mammals, but VCD accelerates it. VCD will impair sperm production in male rats, but it’s reversible.
What’s more, and of note, VCD is non-toxic.
”I started working with VCD in 1989 and even by 2000, I kept coming up with the same answer, which is that VCD wasn’t toxic,” says Patricia Hoyer, UA emeritus professor of physiology. Nor is the chemical toxic when rats excrete it, Hoyer adds. It also appears to be safe for humans, pets, livestock and wildlife, she says.
Interestingly, it was a phone call from UA colleague Glenn Sipes in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology back in 1989 that got Hoyer interested in VCD.
”My colleague said he had a graduate student who found a chemical that, if given to mice or rats, would cause damage to the ovaries,” Hoyer says. ”He said, ’I know nothing about reproduction, and you do, so would you like to collaborate?’ And I said sure.”
At about that time, Loretta Mayer joined the Hoyer lab at the UA as a postdoctoral researcher. She was charged with the project of developing a mouse model for menopause based on what was known about VCD. Eventually, Mayer had the idea of designing a practical application for the model, so she developed bait traps and tested them on farms and in transit systems in Chicago and New York—all with great success.
”When people conduct studies in women after menopause, and they see something that’s abnormal, they don’t know whether it’s age or the status of the ovaries,” Hoyer says. ”But with this model, we can accelerate the model of ovarian failure in a young animal, which removes the age factor but the animal retains its residual ovarian tissue.”
Their years-long research with the mouse model of menopause has given rise to studies into complex disorders associated with postmenopausal women such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and ovarian cancer.
Mayer, now chief executive officer of SenesTech, developed the liquid-bait system. And by all accounts, the formula, which includes VCD, is quite appealing to rodents. Mayer says she has been tasting it herself for 14 years. After visiting bait stations to partake in ContraPest, rats readily return for more.
”They put sugar in it and oil and fat, things to make it taste good,” Hoyer says. ”The rats love it, and they remember it tastes good, so they go back for more. And people are crazy about this approach because it doesn’t kill the animal. It’s like having them on permanent birth control.”
Which is of paramount importance, considering rats’ reproductive proclivity. It’s projected that four pairs of breeding rats and their progeny can give rise to 15 million offspring over the course of one year, adjusting for litter size, the offspring’s sexual maturity and how often females can reproduce.
”The potential for worldwide use is tremendous because rats are pests around the world,” Hoyer says.
Rats are known in Southeast Asia for raiding field crops and in Europe for infiltrating the public transportation systems as they do here. Likewise, it’s estimated that rats damage roughly 40 percent of food shipped by sea, Mayer says.
Mayer says it’s important to note that years of fundamental science have given rise to a global solution in controlling rats.
ContraPest won’t eradicate rats from the face of the world, Hoyer says, ”but it will get rid of them in the places where you don’t want them.”
Explore further:New discovery could help feed millions (w/Video)
Provided by:University of Arizona | <urn:uuid:21927150-bcd6-4fda-bb02-6385445eb44f> | {
"date": "2017-06-27T10:24:57",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-26",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321309.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627101436-20170627121436-00257.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9461916089057922,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 1282,
"url": "http://hailscience.com/2017/04/10/birth-control-for-rats-dont-laugh-its-a-reality-and-cities-want-it/"
} |
The moon was closer to the earth in the past and it does get a little further away from the earth every year. Just a few centimetres mind, so its progress is very slow. It would not be noticable even over thousands of years to the eye.
It can be measured nowadays though by reflecting laser beams back from mirrors left on the surface by astronauts.
The reason? Well a little energy from the rotating earth is transfered to the moon by tidal effects.
The extra energy makes the moon go a tiny bit faster and creeps it into a higher orbit.
Will the moon ever dissapear. The simple answer is no. Not in the lifetime of the solar system. The outward spiral is just too slow.
If the moon were to dissapear though, the most obvious thing that would happen is that tides would become much smaller. Only the sun would have a significant influence.
There would be no more eclipses of the moon.
Fainter stars would be easier to see in the sky at night for some parts of the month.
Living things that use moonlight as a guide might get confused!
The tidel bulges produced on Earth by the moon are not centered at a point on Earth's surface directly below the moon, but it is shifted ahead of the moon because of the Earth's faster spin of rate. The gravititional force of the excess massin this displaced bulge pulls on the moon, slightly increasing its orbital velocity. Kepler showed that when an object's orbital velocity increases, its orbital radius will expand thus the Moon is slowly receding from us. | <urn:uuid:9b4b48dd-c211-49d3-8e0e-ce54ae684e30> | {
"date": "2017-07-21T21:28:39",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-30",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423809.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721202430-20170721222430-00536.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9515610933303833,
"score": 3.78125,
"token_count": 328,
"url": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/did-moon-use-2-b-closa-2-earth-moon-getin-furtha-282459"
} |
Digital Citizen Identity
Balanced Use of Technology
Behavioural Cyber-Risk Management
Personal Cyber Security Management
Digital Footprint Management
Media and Information Literacies
Digital Co-Creator Identity
Healthy Use of Technology
Content Cyber-Risk Management
Network Security Management
Self-Awareness and Management
Online Communication and Collaboration
Content Creation and Computational Literacies
Intellectual Property Rights Management
Digital Changemaker Identity
Civic Use of Technology
Commercial and Community Cyber-Risk Management
Organisational Cyber Security Management
Public and Mass Communication
Data and AI Literacies
Participatory Rights Management
The ability to build and manage a healthy identity as a good digital citizen.
Individuals understand the basic vocabulary needed for discussing the media landscape they are embedded in and the social and multicultural nature of digital media and technologies. They understand the construction of their self-image and persona in the digital environment, as well as the impact that technology may have on their self-image and values (e.g., body images, gender stereotypes that may be idealised in video games and advertising).
Individuals are able to demonstrate ethical and considerate behaviour and netiquette when using technology across different audiences. They are able to control and shape their own digital identity by creating and curating their online identities in order to tell their own stories while engaging with other individuals from different cultures and possessing global awareness in a way that demonstrates non-discriminatory and culturally sensitive behaviour.
Individuals exhibit coherency and integrity across online and offline behaviours, exhibit honesty when using technology, and demonstrate self-efficacy through finding ways to take advantage of the opportunities afforded to them online.
The ability to manage one’s online and offline life in a balanced way by self-controlling one’s screen time, multitasking, and online participation.
Individuals understand the impact of technology (e.g., excessive screen time, multi-tasking) on their health, well-being and lifestyles, as well as the strategies for dealing with them.
Individuals are able to assess health risks and reduce technology-related issues in order to manage their technology usage with self-regulation. In doing so, they are able to develop time and resource management skills that allow them to successfully perform their tasks and to use entertainment when using technology.
By using technology with purpose-driven intentions, individuals exhibit integrity to keep their promises on screen time and technology usage, and develop harmony with others by prioritising building positive relationship with others through self-regulated use of technology.
The ability to understand, mitigate, and manage personal behavioural cyber-risks online that relate to personal behaviours (e.g., cyberbullying, harassment, stalking).
Individuals understand the different types of behavioural cyber-risks they face online (e.g., cyberbullying, harassment), how they might encounter these risks, how these risks might affect them, and the strategies involved in dealing with them.
Individuals are able to develop technical, socio-cognitive, communicative, and decision-making skills to deal with behavioural cyber-risk incidents (e.g., cyberbullying) as they occur, whether as a bystander or victim, and transform challenging online experiences into positive lessons.
Individuals exhibit kindness when online and when managing their online behaviours as part of contributing to positive and supportive online communities.
The ability to detect cyber threats (e.g., hacking, scams, malware) and to use suitable security strategies and tools for data and device protection.
Individuals understand their personal online risk profiles and how to identify different types of cyber-threats (e.g., hacking, scams, and malware), and also identify available strategies and tools they can use to avoid such threats.
Individuals are able to identify cyber-threats, use relevant cyber-security practices (e.g., secure and unique passwords, firewalls and anti-virus applications), and use technology without compromising their data and devices.
Individuals exhibit resilience and vigilance when online against careless or negligent behaviours that may compromise their own or others' personal information.
The ability to understand, be aware of, and be sensitive to one’s own and others' feelings online, and to help others in need.
Individuals understand how their online interactions might affect others' feelings, and recognise how others may be influenced by their online interactions (e.g., effects of online trolls).
Individuals develop socio-emotional skills through being sensitive to and respecting others’ emotions through synchronous and asynchronous interactions online, and are able to regulate and respond accordingly.
Individuals demonstrate an awareness and compassion for the feelings, needs, and concerns of others online.
The ability to understand the nature of digital footprints and their real-life consequences (e.g., digital reputation), and to manage them responsibly.
Individuals understand the concept of digital footprints, the consequences that such trails of information and corresponding meta-data may have on their reputations, and the possible uses of such information when shared online.
Individuals are able to manage their digital footprints and use technology in a manner that contributes to a positive reputation.
Individuals exhibit prudence and responsibility online and actively manage the types of information that may be shared throughout their lifetime.
The ability to find, organise, analyse, and evaluate information and media in an ethical way.
Individuals understand the basic structure of the web, how the use of digital media influences knowledge and information acquisition and management, the distinct and varied reasons for the construction of specific media messages, and the reasons behind campaigns of disinformation and misinformation online.
Individuals have proficient computer operation skills and are able to use productivity software that enable them to gather and organise digital content. Moreover, they are able to articulate their information and content needs, effectively navigate, critically evaluate and synthesise the information and content they encounter online.
Individuals are careful and critical of the information that they encounter when online, exhibiting discernment in their evaluation of the reliability and credibility of online information.
The ability to understand personal privacy and the nature of networked information in order to protect one’s and other’s privacy.
Individuals understand privacy as a human right, what is personal information, and how personal information can be used, stored, processed, and shared in digital platforms, along with strategies and tools that enable them to keep their personal information private and secure.
Individuals are able to develop behavioural and technical strategies to limit privacy violations, and are able to make good decisions around creating and sharing their own information and content.
Individuals show respect for their own and other’s privacy and personal information, treating these as valuable and personal assets worth protecting.
The ability to identify and develop oneself as a co-creator of the digital ecosystem.
Individuals understand how to integrate digital technologies into their everyday lives in a way that is complementary and productive to their own lives. In turn, they also know when to experiment with new technologies, and reject them when appropriate.
Individuals are able to use digital technologies to model and explore present-day issues in a way that allows them to build on existing ideas. In turn, they are able to develop and build higher-order thinking and reasoning skills that further aid their capacity to explore their digital and real-life identities and connect with others.
Individuals express self-motivation and resourcefulness when using technologies – whether by taking the initiative or by managing one’s time and efforts to solve problems.
The ability to manage the benefits and harms of technology, and promote one’s use of technology in a way that prioritises their health and well-being.
Individuals understand the contexts that shape discourses about the impact of technology on their well-being, and are able to discern how to effectively use technology for their own benefit.
Individuals are able to use proper ergonomics for technology in a healthy way. This physiological awareness enables them to also identify safe and comfortable practices and equipment for mentally and physically beneficial work processes.
Individuals value mental and physical health and actively self-regulate their use of technology in a healthy way.
The ability to understand, mitigate, and manage content cyber-risks online (e.g., harmful user-generated content, racist/hateful content).
Individuals understand content cyber-risks that they face online (e.g., harmful user-generated content such as racist, hateful, or discriminatory content/images), and the strategies involved with dealing with them.
Individuals are able to develop and use conflict management techniques and strategies to handle such risks and mitigate them, whether through avoiding or confronting individuals or groups involved in the creation of such content, reporting of an incident to platform administrators or through other appropriate processes.
Individuals exhibit resilience and fortify themselves against content that may be hurtful or derogatory. In turn, they also proactively work towards contributing to a healthy, open, and supportive online community.
The ability to detect, avoid, and manage cyber-threats to cloud-based collaborative digital environments.
Individuals understand cyber-threats specific to cloud networks and collaborative digital environments (e.g., email servers) that may compromise their data and devices, and the options available to them for securing their relevant data and/or devices.
Individuals are able to identify weaknesses in their network that leave them vulnerable to possible cyber-threats and develop relevant protocols to ensure and/or improve the security of their collaborative work.
Individuals continuously take the initiative to remain updated about evolving cyber-threats, their risk profiles, and their network vulnerabilities when using technology.
The ability to recognise and manage how one’s value system fits with one’s environment, and its impact on others through technology.
Individuals understand how their own value systems influence and are influenced by their digital environments, and are able to explain how their moods may affect others.
Individuals are able to identify and explain their emotions, reflect on how their feelings may be influenced by their digital experiences, and manage their moods and impulses accordingly with active self-regulation.
Individuals exhibit self-awareness of their own moods and emotions, and actively self-regulate to manage their impulses accordingly. In doing so, they exhibit respect for others during their online communication.
The ability to use technology effectively to communicate and work collectively, including at a distance.
Individuals understand the different types of peer-to-peer collaboration and communication strategies, tools, and formats, and are able to decide which methods are most effective and efficient for their collaborative goals. In addition, they also understand types of social and market pressures that may encourage or discourage communication and/or collaboration across groups.
Individuals are able to develop socio-emotional, interpersonal, and cognitive skills that support their efforts around collaboration. These skills include the capacity to interact and collaborate with an online community of peers and experts for the construction and co-creation of knowledge.
Individuals exhibit a positive attitude towards using technology that enables and supports collaboration and productivity. They also actively help others build up a positive digital reputation (i.e., skill endorsements, reviews).
The ability to synthesise, create, and produce information, media, and technology in an innovative and creative manner.
Individuals understand the theory of computational thinking and possess the algorithmic literacy necessary for the foundations of programming, machine learning, and digital modelling.
Individuals are able to build on, organise, and share knowledge and digital content and technology. Skills include being able to access needs, to identify and use data tools and technology to solve problems, and to adjust and customise digital environments to suit personal and community needs. Moreover, they are able to exhibit computational thinking – abstraction, automation, and analysis – and develop technical skills to share and/or create forms of hard or software for their communities.
Individuals exhibit an active and constant willingness to engage with evolving and advancing digital technology, and are motivated to adopt such advancements and learn requisite skills for lifelong learning and their own development.
The ability to understand and manage intellectual property rights, including copyright, trademarks, and patents, when using and creating technology.
Individuals understand legislation and rights around ownership and remixing of online content (e.g., digital rights management technologies, plagiarism, copyright, fair use, licensing), and are able to distinguish between creative use and appropriation of others’ work.
Individuals are able to utilise strategies (such as trademarks, creative commons, and copyrights) for protecting their own and others’ personal content – as well as content created from collaboration – through a variety of tools and legislation, and are able to distinguish between types of content that can be legally downloaded and those that ought to be paid for.
Individuals exhibit responsibility and self-respect by protecting their own digital creations, and crediting others’ creation when appropriate.
The ability to recognise and develop oneself as an entrepreneurial changemaker to solve problems using technology.
Individuals understand general and emerging trends within media environments, and how the use of technology shapes and is shaped by globalisation and interdependent networks. In turn, they understand the need to synthesise and recognise emerging problems that may be addressed by technology.
Individuals are able to develop complex problem-solving skills by extending their thinking beyond the individual scale to integrate digital networks and tools in their approach to broader social and economic issues. They are also able to manage projects and develop productivity skills to complete projects that address such issues.
Individuals exhibit professionalism and self-worth in their work, curiosity and awareness of existing gaps in their digital competencies and evolving technology, and are comfortable in exploring and exploiting technology for self-development and personal growth.
The ability to engage in the well-being of local, national, and global communities using technology.
Individuals understand the importance of community engagement and civic participation as essential for maintaining the well-being of their local, national, and global communities.
Individuals are able to organise and rally a group online or know how to participate in an organised online group, for social change. In doing so, they are able to engage with individuals through different mediums, understand online community behaviours, participate in synchronous and asynchronous discussions, create shared values and positively influence their communities through appropriate digital technologies.
Individuals exhibit a belief in and respect for civic engagement; and are willing and open to involve themselves in their communities to contribute towards the bettering of society.
The ability to understand, mitigate, and manage commercial or community cyber-risks online, which is an organisational attempt to exploit individuals financially and/or through ideological persuasion (e.g., embedded marketing, online propaganda, and gambling).
Individuals understand different types of commercial or community cyber-risks (e.g., embedded marketing, online propaganda, and gambling), their contextual exposure to such risks as individuals belonging to specific communities and groups, and the strategies involved in dealing with them.
Individuals are able to demonstrate depth and currency of knowledge about legal and ethical issues related to commercial and community cyber-risks. They are able to identify and/or develop strategies and use tools such as ad-blockers and web extensions to mitigate and manage their exposure to such risks in order to enhance their quality of life.
Individuals exhibit caution and vigilance when online; understand where and when strategies for dealing with risks such as ideological persuasion or programmatic advertising may be available to them, and devise creative ways to handle and avoid the dangers of these risks.
The ability to recognise, plan, and implement organisational cyber security defences.
Individuals understand comprehensive anti-virus/mal-ware software related to organisational data/devices/systems, and are able to develop and implement their own digital resiliency plans.
Individuals are able to develop basic cognitive and technical skills for the development and implementation of their organisation’s cyber security, including understanding of organisation-wide asset and risk management, data protection protocols, and the ability to conduct analysis of cyber-security events in order to carry out recovery planning and improvements.
Individuals prioritise the security of their digital assets by taking the initiative to safeguard them via training, ongoing education, and open dialogue.
The ability to skilfully manage one’s online relationships through collaboration, conflict management, and persuasion.
Individuals understand the different contexts of social interaction in online communities, and how different behavioural norms and corresponding emotions evoked may vary depending on the platform and context.
Individuals are able to develop interpersonal skills that enable them to engage with others in an intercultural online dialogue, so as to effectively collaborate by building rapport and nurturing positive relationships online.
Individuals exhibit self-motivation and a commitment to building rapport and growing positive communities online. In doing so, they demonstrate tact and diplomacy and a willingness to listen to a diverse set of opinions before making sound decisions.
The ability to communicate with an online audience effectively in order to exchange messages, ideas, and opinions that reflect a wider societal discourse.
Individuals understand how different online platforms, digital environments, cultures, and policies may aid or restrict the dissemination of and engagement with ideas and messages. In turn, they understand the ethical and legal underpinnings that shape the construction and spread of ideas and messages online.
Individuals are able to demonstrate the ability to communicate their ideas and messages with the digital technologies available to them (e.g., setting up a crowdfunding initiative, participating in a social movement online, or launching a digital marketing campaign). Skills include being able to engage their audience in a dialogue, utilise search engine optimisation and/or search engine marketing strategies, and monitor data analytics to strategically boost engagement with their overarching messages online.
Individuals exhibit an attitude towards using technology collaboratively that is both purposeful and principled in order to engage in a productive discourse with others in their digital communities.
The ability to derive meaningful information from data and use artificial intelligence (AI) so as to make informed, effective, and contextually relevant decisions.
Individuals understand the basic theory of data analysis, and the benefits and potential risks brought about through big data, AI and related technologies. This knowledge informs their understanding of AI, how it might be used to enhance efficiency in creative processes, and how they might utilise it in their own lives to work effectively.
Individuals are able to read, manage, and evaluate data; and create and build knowledge from data that is meaningful for themselves. In turn, they are able to communicate this meaning to others. Skills for data and AI literacy include the technical ability to understand how specific data is generated, to process data based on statistical understanding, and to create and/or use algorithms (e.g. machine learning, neural networks, deep learning) to recognise significant patterns and to improve decision-making processes. One's cognitive and meta-cognitive awareness are developed through learning how to present data visually, and understanding how data and AI may affect one's perception and reasoning. Individuals are also able to leverage AI to augment their own intelligence while remaining aware of how human value judgements play into the applications of big data and AI in society.
Individuals are confident in pursuing innovative and creative careers. They are also proactive in applying their knowledge of data and AI into evaluating whether broader systems are acting in ways aligned with community values.
The ability to understand and exercise one’s powers and right to online participation (e.g., freedom of speech and censorship issues).
Individuals understand their rights as digital citizens and consumers (e.g.,right to personal data protection, right to freedom of expression, right to be forgotten), and understand that and why online participation differs across groups (e.g., due to socioeconomic status, disability, physical location) such that opportunities for participation – as citizens or consumers – are often unevenly distributed.
Individuals are able to develop cognitive and meta-cognitive skills that enable them to synthesise existing legislation with their own practices to ensure that their digital rights are upheld and respected online. They also develop complex system-level thinking in upholding individual and community rights to online participation as they monitor and improve systems while holding contradictory ideas and ideals in tension.
Individuals exhibit proactive thinking, grounded in respect for the rule of law and human rights, when they uphold their rights to online participation, and take responsibility to manage technology to promote the public good and society, the environment, and democratic ideals.
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development | <urn:uuid:dc809292-53f5-4b59-951c-57a193dba211> | {
"date": "2018-11-21T18:44:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039749562.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121173523-20181121195523-00176.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9275919198989868,
"score": 3.671875,
"token_count": 4449,
"url": "https://www.dqinstitute.org/dq-maps/"
} |
Feeling the Pressure: Local Governments React to New Transparency Mandates
Before the Internet of Things, smartphones, computers, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and all the apps and services that we take for granted today, government transparency looked very different. But with technological advancements, citizens expects new levels of online access to government information, and to be able to find that information whenever it suits their needs.
While local government transparency has always been important, there have been recent surges of pressure from state-level governments. This means local government organizations of all sizes and budgets are being forced to react and rapidly improve systems and processes to enhance the public’s access to information. Citizens as well, show an ever increasing demand to access government information online in the form of open access to agendas, minutes, records, meeting recordings, council decisions and other documents.
But what are the costs? How time consuming is it to maintain a full online record of council meetings and decisions? How do you know what exactly it means to be transparent? Like most things; it depends. While local governments need to quickly find answers to these questions, the pressures to be more open and inclusive continue to mount.
Video Meetings – A New Requirement for Many Texas Counties and Municipalities
In Texas, new mandates have forced local governments to act quickly to record council meetings.
When House Bill 283 was brought to life by State Rep. Pat Fallon, R-Frisco it became law that cities with a population greater than 50,000 and counties with more than 125,000 people had to produce video recordings for every public meeting. This even applied to ‘home rule’ cities. See this story in The Dallas News for a full overview. The bipartisan bill passed because of a belief that governments should better leverage existing technology to make it easier for the public to engage with council meetings. Fallon plans to push for similar legislation in 2017 that applies to a broader range of local governments.
While it may seem intuitive to say that costs to local governments would go up with increased efforts to enhance the level of transparency, it’s not necessarily the case. In fact, the Dallas News story suggests that it’s been much less expensive for organizations to provide video recordings than initially thought. The key here is to develop a set of affordable, easy-to-use tools that help to automate and produce good quality videos that the public can actually understand. And with pending legislation in Texas likely to impact smaller governments, they will need to quickly innovate to comply with these laws as well.
Closing Loopholes That Might Limit Public Consultation
In Nebraska, Senator Mike Groene put forward a bill that would require that time limits be removed from budget meetings hosted by local government so that anyone with a question or concern could have it addressed at a meeting. You can read the full story from the Bristol Courier Herald here. This bill was designed to close a loophole that some government organizations would leverage to end public consultations early, without everyone in attendance getting an opportunity to speak.
Again this is an example of state government officials setting clear guidelines for their local government counterparts. There are countless ways for local governments to position themselves optimally, in case sudden movements or actions from higher level governments. Being prepared, proactive and making a consistent effort to be open will generally put any organization in good standing when new legislation is passed.
Local Governments Being Held Accountable
Some states that have put transparency regulations in place for local governments are now following up and holding these organizations accountable. An audit was conducted in Missouri by State Auditor Nicole Galloway to see how many of the 326 governments surveyed are meeting the standards set in Missouri’s new Sunshine Law. It was found that 70% of local government’s failed to satisfy the law, which was put in place for citizens to have easy access to learn and understand where their tax dollars are being spent. The St.Louis Dispatch filed a story on the release of the report you can read here.
The non-complying local governments were outed publicly in her report, with the information making its way into the local news cycles in many communities and putting a giant negative spotlight on the leaders of these organizations. No local government was spared, with a strong message being sent that organizations of all sizes need to be held accountable on transparency.
You’re Never Done with Transparency
Governments will undoubtedly become more transparent as time passes, but in many cases state governments are adding additional oversight and new regulations to accelerate that process. It’s important to be proactive, build a culture of innovation and operate under the assumption that as technology changes so will the demands on local governments to be transparent.
Looking to take a step forward with transparency at your local government organization? iCompass provides a full suite of meeting, records and video streaming solutions uniquely designed to help small local government organizations be more open and efficient. To learn more watch our 3-minute introductory demo video here. | <urn:uuid:842c8ebe-f8c2-4b5c-b696-dd4b35ca6974> | {
"date": "2019-12-10T07:15:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540527010.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210070602-20191210094602-00416.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9526457786560059,
"score": 2.71875,
"token_count": 1007,
"url": "https://www.icompasstech.com/ls-post/blog-localgov-transparency-developments/"
} |
Seeing and reading this sentence may seem like a "no brainer"--but your perception is just a tiny part of what is happening in your brain and body right now (both are much busier than you might think). SENSATION AND PERCEPTION has helped many students like you understand the ties between how we sense the world and how the body interprets these senses. A key strength of this text has always been the ability to illustrate concepts through examples and visuals. Dr. Goldstein walks you through an intriguing journey of the senses, combining clear writing, his extensive classroom experience, and innovative research to create a visual, colorful text. Complemented by nearly 500 illustrations and photographs, this text has also been sharpened to make it more readable than ever, based on feedback from 2,000 student users. The accompanying VIRTUAL LAB media exercises (available on CD-ROM and online) offer a wide array of interactive animations and examples designed to stimulate your understanding of difficult concepts.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
After receiving his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Tufts University and his Ph. D. in experimental psychology from Brown University, E. Bruce Goldstein attended Harvard University as a postdoctoral fellow in the biology department. Currently in the department of Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh, where he is the director of undergraduate programs in psychology, Dr. Goldstein has received many prestigious awards, including the Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award, for his classroom teaching and his publications. These publications cover a wide variety of topics, such as retinal and cortical physiology, visual attention, and the perception of pictures. Dr. Goldstein is also the author of COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: CONNECTING MIND, RESEARCH AND EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE, 2nd Edition (Wadsworth, 2008) and has edited the BLACKWELL HANDBOOK OF PERCEPTION (Blackwell, 2001). Goldstein currently teaches cognitive psychology, sensation and perception, the psychology of visual art (undergraduate), and teaching of psychology (graduate).About the Author:
E. BRUCE GOLDSTEIN is Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh and Adjunct Professor of Psychology at the University of Arizona. He has received the Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of Pittsburgh for his classroom teaching and textbook writing. He received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Tufts University and his PhD in experimental psychology from Brown University; he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Biology Department at Harvard University before joining the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh. Bruce has published papers on a wide variety of topics, including retinal and cortical physiology, visual attention, and the perception of pictures. He is the author of SENSATION AND PERCEPTION, 9th Edition (Cengage, 2014), and the editor of the BLACKWELL HANDBOOK OF PERCEPTION (Blackwell, 2001) and the two-volume SAGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PERCEPTION (Sage, 2010).
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
Book Description Wadsworth Publishing. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 8th edition. Brand new. Instructor's Edition. Same as Student Edition but with different markings on the cover. Bookseller Inventory # 002556
Book Description Book Condition: Brand New. Book Condition: Brand New. Bookseller Inventory # 97804956014941.0
Book Description Book Condition: Brand New. New. SoftCover International edition. Different ISBN and Cover image but contents are same as US edition. Customer Satisfaction guaranteed!!. Bookseller Inventory # SHUB39442
Book Description Book Condition: New. New. International edition. Perfect condition. Ship by express service to USA, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, UK, Germany and Netherland. Customer satisfaction our priority. Bookseller Inventory # ABE-FEB-39442
Book Description Cengage Learning. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 0495601497 International Edition, Brand new book, Srink wrapped. Bookseller Inventory # SADNT9780495601500
Book Description Book Condition: New. Brand New Paperback International Edition.We Ship to PO BOX Address also. EXPEDITED shipping option also available for faster delivery. Bookseller Inventory # AUSBNEW-61163
Book Description Book Condition: Brand New. New, SoftCover International edition. Different ISBN and Cover image but contents are same as US edition. Excellent Customer Service. Bookseller Inventory # ABEUSA-39442
Book Description Cengage Learning, 2009. Soft cover. Book Condition: New. 5th or later Edition. This is an INTERNATIONAL EDITION. Brand New, Soft Cover / Paper Back Textbook and is printed in English with a different ISBN and Cover Image with US Edition. The PHOTO and ISBN of the US Edition is for REFERENCE ONLY. The content and chapters are same as the US Edition. Printed on High Quality Color Glossy Paper which is same Paper Quality as Original US Edition. Some books may show some sales disclaimer word such as "Not for Sale or Restricted in US" on the cover page but it is absolutely legal to use in USA or Canada We do not sell low-cost / quality Indian version book. The ISBN of the actual book on SALE is stated in the Bookseller INVENTORY #. Shipping is 3-5 Working days by DHL or Fedex With Tracking number. We do not ship to PO Box, FPO and APO addresses. Bookseller Inventory # 9780495601500
Book Description Wadsworth Publishing, 2009. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 8th. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0495601497
Book Description U.S.A.: Cengage Learning, 2009. Soft cover. Book Condition: New. New, International Edition, 8th Edition . Premium quality books. Ship via FedEx, UPS, DHL. Delivery time is 3-5 biz days. Bookseller Inventory # 0495601497 | <urn:uuid:57e12981-b911-4e41-88ef-9b22a7a5facf> | {
"date": "2017-02-28T12:29:46",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174159.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00116-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9064385890960693,
"score": 2.59375,
"token_count": 1249,
"url": "https://www.abebooks.com/products/isbn/0495601497"
} |
Natural slate used to be one of the most common roofing materials until the early twentieth century when asphalt shingles were developed and popularized. Lighter in weight, easier to install, and cheaper than slate, asphalt tiles quickly replaced the flat stone as a roofing material. In more modern times, composite roof tiles may be slowly but steadily replacing asphalt shingles as a roofing material. The reasons for this include:
- Durability: Tiles made from polymer resins tend to be stronger and withstand wind better than asphalt shingles. This is especially true when dealing with asphalt tiles made with paper. Asphalt tiles fabricated with fiberglass are stronger than those made from paper, but probably don't match up to the strength of carefully engineered resins.
- Life span: Most asphalt roofs need to be replaced in as little as 15 years time due to damage caused by wind and water but can last 30. On the other hand, the strength and design of polymer products results in roofs that are routinely guaranteed for 50 years and are expected to last much longer.
- Green roof systems: The oils and hydrocarbons used to make asphalt tiles gives them a large carbon footprint and unsuitable for green roofs.
- Cost: In general, asphalt tiles cost less than roofing materials made with resins. However, this cost is probably offset in the long run by higher maintenance and decreased lifespan associated with asphalt shingles.
To learn more about the benefits of DaVinci Roofscapes products, email or call 1-800-328-4624 today. | <urn:uuid:c0fb146b-f74f-4501-9f9f-85e09f2f63c6> | {
"date": "2017-05-23T20:32:56",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607702.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523202350-20170523222350-00471.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9447146058082581,
"score": 2.96875,
"token_count": 321,
"url": "http://blog.davinciroofscapes.com/blog/watson-dean/asphalt-shingles-versus-polymer-roof-tiles"
} |
How to find the actual amount of memory required to store a value of some data type in Haskell (mostly with GHC)? Is it possible to evaluate it in runtime (e.g. in GHCi) or is it possible to estimate memory requirements of a compound data type from its components?
In general, if memory requirements of types
b are known, what is memory overhead of such algebraic data types as
data Uno = Uno a data Due = Due a b
For example, how many bytes in memory do these values occupy?
1 :: Int8 1 :: Integer 2^100 :: Integer \x -> x + 1 (1 :: Int8, 2 :: Int8) :: [Int8] Just (1 :: Int8) Nothing
I understand that actual memory allocation is higher due to delayed garbage collection. It may be significantly different due to lazy evaluation (and thunk size is not related to the size of the value). The question is given a data type, how much does its value take when fully evaluated?
I found there is
:set +s option in GHCi to see memory stats, but it is not clear how to estimate memory footprint of a single value. | <urn:uuid:ce6980ab-6634-470d-ba95-d9e01154cd63> | {
"date": "2016-05-24T13:53:22",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049270798.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002110-00076-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8851178884506226,
"score": 2.65625,
"token_count": 246,
"url": "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3254758/memory-footprint-of-haskell-data-types"
} |
The iSimangaliso Wetland Park was listed as South Africa’s first World Heritage Site in December 1999 in recognition of its outstanding natural beauty and original global values.
iSimangaliso Wetland Park is located on the east coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, about 275 kilometres north of Durban. It is South Africa’s third-largest protected area, spanning 280 km of coastline, from the Mozambican border in the north to Mapelane south of the Lake St and made up of around 3,280 km2 of natural ecosystems is managed by the iSimangaliso Authority.
This Park has three large lake systems, eight interlinking ecosystems, 700-year-old fishing traditions, the majority of South Africa’s remaining swamp forests, Africa’s largest estuarine system, 526 bird species and 25 000-year-old vegetated coastal dunes. The name iSimangaliso means miracle and wonder, which definitely describes this unique place. | <urn:uuid:c5f1c390-1b5a-4ff3-811b-50b20375b2b6> | {
"date": "2017-10-17T00:06:41",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820487.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20171016233304-20171017013304-00336.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9290708303451538,
"score": 2.6875,
"token_count": 213,
"url": "http://globaltravelalliancesa.co.za/2016/03/08/isimangaliso-wetland-park/"
} |
More people would learn from their mistakes if they weren’t so busy denying that they made them . Anonymous
Since pharmaceutical companies are the ones that manufacture the drugs, they can play a key
role in improving medication safety. They have multiple opportunities to do so including:
* Pre-market testing of brand names to reduce the risk of “sound-alike” drugs
* Using clearer labeling to prevent the problem of “look-alike” drugs
* Developing safer tamper-proof packaging
* Creating effective post-marketing surveillance measures to proactively identify and deal with potentially harmful situations
Sadly, most companies today squander these opportunities. This is because patient safety is not a priority for many of them, and they see the need to fix problems as a drain on their resources, because of the costs it imposes.
Poor implementation of safety measuresToday, when notified of errors, many pharmaceutical companies assume that merely sending a “Dear Doctor” letter to increase awareness of the problem suffices. If changes in the product name, label, or package need to be implemented, the time lag (given the intricate and complicated regulatory mechanisms), may be long, and the older product often remains in inventory until it is exhausted, instead of being immediately recalled.
Post-marketing medication safety studies have largely relied on spontaneous, passive reporting systems. These are limited by the fact that clinicians may fail to identify and report side effects and complications that they suspect are caused by a drug. In order to plug these gaps, developed countries (mainly in the EU) have developed robust systems where all drug- related AEs (Adverse Events) have to be routinely reported in the initial post-marketing period.
We should make a concerted effort to get key stakeholders to work together so that we can reduce errors related to drug names, packages, and labeling. The use of technology in managing health data has made this easier. In fact, governments in the developed world are working to build an information infrastructure that will eventually lead to:
* Elimination of most handwritten clinical data and their gradual replacement with
electronic health records (EHRs)
* Mobile prescribing (mRx)
* Automated pharmacies for prescription filling and dispensing
What pharmaceutical companies can doPharmaceutical companies can integrate with this digital ecosystem by partnering with technology providers to ensure patient safety. For example, companies which make drugs for treating asthma can also provide inexpensive sensors on their inhalers , along with intelligent smartphone apps, so that asthmatic patients can be reminded to take their medicines at the right time; and their intake of medications can be logged and recorded. We need to remember that patients are much more likely to use apps if they are prescribed by their physicians. Doctors will be happy to use digital solutions created by pharma, if it aids in diagnosis ; improves the efficiency of their care; or enhances the physician–patient relationship.
Patients can share information (either by providing active inputs or through the passive collection of digital data via their smart phone). This data can provide valuable insights for everyone - the patient, the doctor , the caregiver, as well as the pharma company. Automated intelligent analysis of the data may allow us to predict that an individual patient’s risk of getting an asthmatic attack is increased at a specific time of the day, or in one particular location (perhaps because of pollution).
Armed with these relevant insights, the patient will be able to prevent the attack more intelligently, and reduce her chances of hospitalization. This delivery of customized insights, personalized coaching and medication reminders is very valuable for patients, so they can manage their own illness with greater safety. These tools can help the pharmaceutical industry to start thinking “beyond the pill “, so they can engage directly with patients , and produce intelligent products which add more value to the life of their patients. | <urn:uuid:d86431a0-e321-41a2-b4b5-f8775d58448a> | {
"date": "2019-02-17T22:34:45",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247482788.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217213235-20190217235235-00056.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9465711116790771,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 796,
"url": "https://www.thebestmedicalcare.com/patient-safety/how-pharma-can-leverage-technology.html"
} |
How To Plant An Herb Garden The Easy Way: Getting Started
An Introduction To Herbs
We will look here at just how easy it is to get up and running…
Herbs have for centuries been valued for their culinary and medicinal properties. Grow a selection of wonderful, fresh plants and enhance your cooking while saving money into the bargain. A true win-win.
The definition of an herb is a plant with no woody stem which dies away as the growing season ends. Herbs were previously thought of as a gift from the gods.
As well as being a chef’s dream and helping with health issues, herb gardening is really pretty straightforward. All you need is a little sunshine, some soil that drains nicely, fertilizer or compost and a decent dose of water. Herbs are not often menaced by insects or other pests.
Herbs can readily be grown in pots but the plants generally prefer to be able to spread. Some herbs can reach heights of 4-6 feet. If they are housed in pots then sometimes they become stressed and stunted.
We will look here, though, at growing in soil and also in pots. Many people have space limitations and for various reasons need to grow indoors.
Advantages Of Indoor And Outdoor Growing
Everyone has different needs, space and climate factors to consider.
All herbs need the same things whether grown indoors or outside. Lots of sunlight, mild
Some people want to use a combination of the two methods and grow outside but in containers. That way, when the growing season ends they can be easily moved back indoors.
A quick look at the pros of each method…
Very easy access
Much higher yields
No need to weed
Can grow year-round
More space available
If you have wondered when to plant herbs, with an indoor garden the answer is simple: any time!
There are several key elements to think about, notably location, growing medium and water.
Location is arguably the most critical factor to your indoor grow.
Herbs demand a minimum of 6 daily hours of sunlight. This can be awkward to achieve in the winter.
There are 3 great options to maximize this:
- A corner where there are 2 windows
- Southwest-facing windowsill to get the most light possible
- Grow lights to boost the natural sunlight
When growing indoors, growing medium works better than garden soil. Your best bet is an organic growing medium. Opt for one that drains efficiently and is loose enough.
With this stage, either buy a mix or make up your own. If you choose to make one up then here are two easy options:
Combine equal parts sterile topsoil, builder’s sand and compost. You can add an organic fertilizer if you choose. An all-purpose one would be ideal
Mix up 4-6 parts peat moss with 1 part vermiculite and 1 part perlite. If you want to add nutrients then go for ½ cup of oystershell lime – great for raising pH, canola meal and bone meal for every 8 gallons of your potting mix
Watering is always a fine balance. Water your plants so that the soil is adequately moist. Take care not to overwater, though, or the roots will rot. Between waterings, allow the top area of the growing medium or soil to dry out totally. Check the levels of moisture on a regular basis.
Soil moisture meters measure the moisture at root level and are very handy accessories.
You should also plant herbs in different containers. At minimum, group together plants with similar watering requirements.
Note: annual herbs (dill, oregano, basil, coriander) can be kicked off indoors then grown all year round. Perennial herbs (thyme, chives, parsley, sage) can easily be started from seed but it’s often simpler to buy young plants instead. Perennials will continue to grow longer than a season. Keeping them in pots outside is fine in the summer. Just take care to bring the herbs inside before the frosts begin.
If you are growing outdoors, location is also critical.
Think first about the number of plants you want to grow along with how much room each of them will require. Calculating space is straightforward.
Look for somewhere in the garden which gets sufficient sunlight. By ensuring at least 6 hours (and up to 8 hours) of daily sunlight, the essential oils which give herbs their delicious taste and smell will develop optimally.
This varies but there are some constants…
Look for a site with loam soil that’s very well drained. If necessary you can enhance the quality of the existing soil. Use compost, manure or peat moss.
A kit for testing the quality of soil is a sound investment. You want soil which will drain but also keep both nutrients and moisture in.
The majority of herbs enjoy a soil which borders acidic and neutral. Look for a pH value somewhere between 6 and 7.
To get your planting beds ready, dig into the soil 10-12 inches. Turn it over nicely. Remove all large stones from the area. Chuck in lots of organic matter. Rake over and level off when you’re done.
Again, strike that equilibrium between enough water but not so much that the soil becomes soggy.
Tip: sometimes it pays to give your herbs a quick soaking from time to time rather than constantly watering them. Don’t go over the top, though!
We have looked here at the basics of starting your herb garden, whether indoors or outdoors.
Next week we will look in more detail at seeding and propagation, maintenance and storage.
If you want to know how to care for herbs then come back soon and find out more! | <urn:uuid:1daf8688-c643-4d85-82d7-c7dc3b2b5aba> | {
"date": "2017-02-23T04:42:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171078.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00628-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9360331892967224,
"score": 2.765625,
"token_count": 1188,
"url": "https://www.igardenplanting.com/how-to-plant-herb-garden-easy/"
} |
Tree Nut Allergy Diet
General guidelines for tree nut allergy
The key to an allergy-free diet is to avoid all foods or products containing the food to which you are allergic. A tree nut allergy is an abnormal response of the body to the proteins found in tree nuts. In order to avoid foods that contain tree nuts, it is important to read food labels.
How to read a label for a tree nut-free diet
Be sure to avoid foods that contain any of the following ingredients:
Caponata (seafood salad with pine nuts)
Gianduja (a creamy mixture of chocolate and chopped toasted nuts found in premium or imported chocolate)
Natural nut extract
Nu-Nuts artificial nuts
Nut butters (for example, cashew butter or almond butter)
Nutella (a hazelnut spread)
Nut paste (for example, almond paste)
Pesto with pine nuts
Pine nuts (pignolia)
Also keep in mind:
Nu-Nuts artificial nuts are peanuts that have been deflavored and reflavored with a nut-like pecan or walnut.
Filberts are hazelnuts.
Avoid natural extracts, such as pure almond extract, and natural wintergreen extract (for the filbert- or hazelnut-allergic).
Use imitation or artificially flavored extracts.
Ethnic foods, commercially prepared baked goods, and candy can be cross-contaminated with nuts since nuts are frequently used in these types of foods.
Tree nuts are being added to an increasing variety of foods, such as barbecue sauces, cereals, crackers, and ice creams. | <urn:uuid:ae56190c-3056-4b56-b57c-1c31dcfe5bde> | {
"date": "2013-12-11T22:11:36",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164050279/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133410-00002-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8738583922386169,
"score": 3.265625,
"token_count": 345,
"url": "http://www.ariahealth.org/default.aspx?pageid=3794&type=C&topicid=25084,303&alpha=A&typeid=85&contentid=P00040"
} |
Somebody else wrote this.
Graphs began to appear around 1770 and became common only around 1820. They appeared in three different places, probably independently. These three places were the statistical atlases of William Playfair, the indicator diagrams of James Watt, and the writings of Johann Heinrich Lambert. We should note as well the descriptive geometry of Gaspard Monge, which had an important indirect influence on the way that graphs developed.
William Playfair's statistical graphs of the British economy were the best known of these early efforts. (See Figure 4.) He first presented them in his Commercial and Political Atlas of 1785.
James Watt's indicator was another important early source of graphs, because it was one of the very first self-recording instruments. It drew a pressure-volume graph of the steam in the cylinder of an engine while it was in action. Recording instruments in the nineteenth century could not easily record numbers directly, and so they had to inscribe data by drawing a trace on paper or smoked glass. Thus recording instruments produced graphs by necessity, not by choice.
Johann Heinrich Lambert was the only scientist in the eighteenth century to use graphs extensively. He drew many beautiful graphs in the 1760s and 1770s and used them not only to present data but also to average random errors by drawing the best curve through experimental data points. Lambert insisted that natural philosophy could be pursued successfully only by careful mathematical analysis of quantitative measurements taken with precision instruments. The natural arrangement for such measurements was a table of quantities relating the values. In his Pyrometrie Lambert gave tables showing the number of days in each month that the temperature reached a certain value. The numbers in these tables snaked back and forth in a most graphlike manner, and Lambert followed them up with actual graphs of temperature data.
Thus by the 1790s graphs of several different forms were available for those who might want to use them, but for the most part they were ignored until the 1830s, when statistical and experimental graphs became much more common. (Hankins)
Another history lesson from The Canadian Museum of Making
Watt & Southern, c. 1796 The indicator was soon adapted to provide a written record of each individual application instead of merely a transient observation. This was a tremendous analytical breakthrough, allowing, as it did, an accurate picture to be formed of the pressure of steam at any time during the movement of the piston. The inspiration was due to John Southern (1758-1815), Watt's draughtsman, who recorded in a letter dated 14th March 1796 that he had 'contrived an instrument that shall tell accurately what power any engine exerts'.
Graphs of data serve the following purposes…
- to show what has happened
- to show the relationship between quantities
- to show distribution
There are then the following general types of graphs
- time series
- scatter plot
- histogram (a type of bar graph)
What about the axes?
- Independent Variable — usually plotted on the horizontal axis
- Dependent Variable — usually plotted on the vertical axis
- Explanatory Variable — usually plotted on the horizontal axis
- Response Variable — usually plotted on the vertical axis
- Categorical Variables — represented by different symbols on the same coordinate system
- Lurking Variables (Hidden Variables)
- slope of tangent: rate of change of y with x
- in calculus the result is called the derivative and the process is known as differentiation
- interesting features
- maximum and minimum
- inflection points
- area under curve: cumulative product of x and y
- in calculus the result is called the integral and the process is known as integration | <urn:uuid:c56ff799-3047-4560-ba4c-e71ad25c78e7> | {
"date": "2018-09-20T02:21:30",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156376.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920020606-20180920040606-00096.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9653942584991455,
"score": 3.609375,
"token_count": 762,
"url": "https://physics.info/graphs/"
} |
Two types of air pollution are especially dangerous to breathe—ozone (smog) and particle pollution (soot). aged care facilities What is ozone? Where does it come from? And how unhealthy is it? Ozone (O3), or smog, is an irritating, invisible gas that is formed most often by a reaction of sunlight and vapors emitted when fuel is burned by cars and trucks, factories, power plants and other sources. Smog usually peaks in the summer months, from May through October, when temperatures are highest and sunlight is strongest.
Ozone reacts chemically (“oxidizes”) with internal body tissues that it comes in contact with, such as those in the lung. It is especially irritates the respiratory tract, like getting a sunburn or rubbing sandpaper on a wound. Smog can cause health problems the day you breathe in high levels of smog, or after long-term exposure. It’s particularly dangerous for people with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, senior citizens, and children and teens.
Smog can cause asthma attacks, coughing and wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain when inhaling deeply, and even premature death. Breathing high levels of smog repeatedly over the long term may also lead to reduced lung function, inflamed lung lining, and increased breathing problems. What is particle pollution? Where does it come from? And how unhealthy is it? Particle pollution is the most dangerous, and deadly, of the widespread outdoor air pollutants. Soot is an old name for particle pollution.
Particle pollution is too small to really see—you can see the haze it creates when the sunlight hits it. Particles can be so microscopic that they’re one-seventh to one-thirtieth the diameter of a single human hair—or smaller.
Particle pollution comes from many sources. The particles are usually a complex mixture that can include ash, soot, diesel exhaust, chemicals, metals, and aerosols. In the eastern U.S., many particles come from power plants that burn coal to produce electricity. In the western U.S., many come from diesel buses, trucks, and heavy equipment, as well as agriculture and wood burning.
The body’s natural defenses help to cough or sneeze larger particles out of our bodies. But those defenses don’t keep out smaller particles, and they get lodged deep in the lungs, where they stay and can cause major damage. Some of the particles are so tiny that they can pass through the lungs into the blood stream and travel throughout your body like oxygen.
First and foremost, breathing particle pollution can kill. Deaths can occur on the very day that particle levels are high, or within one to two months afterward. Breathing particle pollution year-round can shorten life by one to three years. It causes many other health effects, premature births to serious respiratory disorders, even when the particle levels are very low. It makes asthma worse and causes wheezing, coughing and respiratory irritation in anyone with sensitive airways. It also triggers heart attacks, strokes, irregular heartbeat, and premature death. | <urn:uuid:7d347119-ad80-459a-9b36-25c80d8ca348> | {
"date": "2017-05-26T13:06:27",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-22",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608665.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526124958-20170526144958-00380.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9521721601486206,
"score": 3.765625,
"token_count": 644,
"url": "http://www.saveontariospecies.ca/american-lung-association-of-louisiana/"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.